An experimental heat wave changes immune defense and life history traits in a freshwater snail.

PubMed

Leicht, Katja; Jokela, Jukka; Seppälä, Otto

2013-12-01

The predicted increase in frequency and severity of heat waves due to climate change is expected to alter disease dynamics by reducing hosts' ability to resist infections. This could take place via two different mechanisms: (1) through general reduction in hosts' performance under harsh environmental conditions and/or (2) through altered resource allocation that reduces expression of defense traits in order to maintain other traits. We tested these alternative hypotheses by measuring the effect of an experimental heat wave (25 vs. 15°C) on the constitutive level of immune defense (hemocyte concentration, phenoloxidase [PO]-like activity, antibacterial activity of hemolymph), and life history traits (growth and number of oviposited eggs) of the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. We also manipulated the exposure time to high temperature (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11 days). We found that if the exposure to high temperature lasted <1 week, immune function was not affected. However, when the exposure lasted longer than that, the level of snails' immune function (hemocyte concentration and PO-like activity) was reduced. Snails' growth and reproduction increased within the first week of exposure to high temperature. However, longer exposures did not lead to a further increase in cumulative reproductive output. Our results show that short experimental heat waves do not alter immune function but lead to plastic responses that increase snails' growth and reproduction. Thus, although the relative expression of traits changes, short experimental heat waves do not impair snails' defenses. Negative effects on performance get pronounced when the heat waves are prolonged suggesting that high performance cannot be maintained over long time periods. This ultimately reduces the levels of defense traits.

Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2005 Budget Estimates. Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Defense-Wide. Volume 1 - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-02-01

UNCLASSIFIED − Conducted experiments to determine the usability of general-purpose anomaly detection algorithms to monitor a large, complex military...reaction and detection modules to perform tailored analysis sequences to monitor environmental conditions, health hazards and physiological states...scalability of lab proven anomaly detection techniques for intrusion detection in real world high volume environments. Narrative Title FY 2003

Healthcare for Military Retirees Task Group. Recommendations Regarding Improvements to the Military Health Systems and Specifically Healthcare of Military Retirees.

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

Business Board Utilize specially trained care managers to proactively attend to/assist high-risk population. Customize a comprehensive...ADDRESS(ES) Defense Business Board,1155 Defense Pentagon,Washington,DC,20301-1155 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING...c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Defense Business Board HEALTHCARE FOR MILITARY RETIREES

External Quality Control Review of the Defense Information Systems Agency Audit Organization

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-07

We are providing this report for your information and use. We have reviewed the system of quality control for the audit organization of the Defense...audit organization encompasses the audit organization’s leadership, emphasis on performing high quality work, and policies and procedures established

76 FR 60473 - Membership of the Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-29

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Membership of the Performance Review Board AGENCY...: This notice announces the appointment of the Department of Defense, Fourth Estate, Performance Review... the Armed Forces and the following Defense Agencies: Defense Advance Research Projects Agency, Defense...

The Department of Defense Statement on the Science and Technology Program by Mr. H. Mark Grove, Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Advanced Technology Before the Defense Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations of the United States House of Representatives, 97th Congress, Second Session,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-16

Technology Intergration (AFTI) Pro- gram, (2) a nonmetallic composite helicopter fuselage, and (3) a new initiative to develop Short Take-Off and...range of passive sonobuoys is being extended and the performance of a high gain extended life deployed horizontal line array is being investigated

Effect of extrinsic incentives on use of test anxiety as an anticipatory attributional defense: playing it cool when the stakes are high.

PubMed

Greenberg, J; Pyszczynski, T; Paisley, C

1984-11-01

We conducted an experiment to assess the effect of extrinsic incentives on the use of test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy. We hypothesized that although reports of anxiety may be greater when such symptoms can serve a defensive function, this effect occurs only when extrinsic incentives are low and not under conditions of high extrinsic incentive. Eighty-four male undergraduates anticipated taking a test of intellectual abilities and either were led to believe that test anxiety has no effect on test performance or were given no particular information about the relation between test anxiety and performance. Subjects were offered either +5 or +25 for obtaining the highest score on the test. Consistent with predictions, no-information subjects reported greater test anxiety before the test than did those who believed that test anxiety was unrelated to performance, but only when the extrinsic incentive for performance was low. However, these subjects did not report greater cognitive interference or exhibit lower test scores than did subjects in other conditions. It is tentatively suggested that the defensive strategy used by these subjects consisted of altering perceptions of anxiety, rather than anxiety itself. The implications of the absence of self-handicapping under high incentive conditions are discussed.

In Touch With Industry: ICAF Industry Studies, 1997

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

Society of Civil Engineers, Washington, DC. . 1994. "Materials for Tomorrow’s Infrastructure: A Ten-Year Plan for Deploying High - Performance ...identified high - performance electronics as a key to modern warfare and conflict prevention. Clearly, the nation’s defense strategy relies heavily on...priced, high performance systems. As a consequence, hardware makers have undergone multiple restructures, consolidations, mergers, and global

Project Robot: A Software Simulation for Systems Engineering Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, Ross D.; Wade, Jon P.

2017-01-01

The U.S. defense industry spends billions of dollars each year developing defense systems to keep the nation and allies secure. However, the failure rate of system development is notoriously high. Even when development efforts do succeed, they often do so with cost overruns and compromises in system performance. As a result, large amounts of money…

Military display market: third comprehensive edition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Desjardins, Daniel D.; Hopper, Darrel G.

2002-08-01

Defense displays comprise a niche market whose continually high performance requirements drive technology. The military displays market is being characterized to ascertain opportunities for synergy across platforms, and needs for new technology. All weapons systems are included. Some 382,585 displays are either now in use or planned in DoD weapon systems over the next 15 years, comprising displays designed into direct-view, projection-view, and virtual- image-view applications. This defense niche market is further fractured into 1163 micro-niche markets by the some 403 program offices who make decisions independently of one another. By comparison, a consumer electronics product has volumes of tens-of-millions of units for a single fixed design. Some 81% of defense displays are ruggedized versions of consumer-market driven designs. Some 19% of defense displays, especially in avionics cockpits and combat crewstations, are custom designs to gain the additional performance available in the technology base but not available in consumer-market-driven designs. Defense display sizes range from 13.6 to 4543 mm. More than half of defense displays are now based on some form of flat panel display technology, especially thin-film-transistor active matrix liquid crystal display (TFT AMLCD); the cathode ray tube (CRT) is still widely used but continuing to drop rapidly in defense market share.

32 CFR 37.895 - How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? (a... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? 37.895 Section 37.895 National Defense Department of...

32 CFR 37.895 - How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? (a... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? 37.895 Section 37.895 National Defense Department of...

32 CFR 37.895 - How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? (a... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? 37.895 Section 37.895 National Defense Department of...

32 CFR 37.895 - How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? 37.895 Section 37.895 National Defense Department of... How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center? (a...

Next Generation Nuclear Plant Defense-in-Depth Approach

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Edward G. Wallace; Karl N. Fleming; Edward M. Burns

2009-12-01

The purpose of this paper is to (1) document the definition of defense-in-depth and the pproach that will be used to assure that its principles are satisfied for the NGNP project and (2) identify the specific questions proposed for preapplication discussions with the NRC. Defense-in-depth is a safety philosophy in which multiple lines of defense and conservative design and evaluation methods are applied to assure the safety of the public. The philosophy is also intended to deliver a design that is tolerant to uncertainties in knowledge of plant behavior, component reliability or operator performance that might compromise safety. This papermore » includes a review of the regulatory foundation for defense-in-depth, a definition of defense-in-depth that is appropriate for advanced reactor designs based on High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) technology, and an explanation of how this safety philosophy is achieved in the NGNP.« less

DoD HPC Insights Fall 2016A publication of the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

HPCMP will continue to be a key resource in solving challenging problems for the Department of Defense . 1 Fall 2016 High-F idel i ty Simulat ions of...laser interactions. The group had studied plasma expansion experimentally, but this wasn’t sufficient to understand the problem . Feister adapted and...focused on increasing the efficiency of jet turbine engines and extending aircraft flight ranges by changing the shape (articulation) of the turbine

Education of Military Dependent Students: Better Information Needed to Assess Student Performance. Report to Congressional Committees. GAO-11-231

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, George A.

2011-01-01

Since the early 1990s, Congress has supplemented the Department of Education's (Education) Impact Aid program by providing funds for the Department of Defense's (DOD) Impact Aid program to compensate school districts with a high number of military dependent students. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 required GAO to…

Department of Defense High Power Laser Program Guidance

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-06

Air Force Phillips Laboratory . Through FY94, laboratory operational funding, including civilian... Laboratory Effort and Air Materiel Command Ground-Based Laser (GBL) - Space Control USSPACECOM AF Phillips Laboratory Effort Point Defense Demonstration - Anti...ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING I.GANIZATION Phi 1l i ps Laboratory /LID REPORT numP•R 3550 Aberdeen Avenue, S.E. Kirtland AFB, NM

Web Based Parallel Programming Workshop for Undergraduate Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marcus, Robert L.; Robertson, Douglass

Central State University (Ohio), under a contract with Nichols Research Corporation, has developed a World Wide web based workshop on high performance computing entitled "IBN SP2 Parallel Programming Workshop." The research is part of the DoD (Department of Defense) High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The research…

Growth of Arabidopsis seedlings on high fungal doses of Piriformospora indica has little effect on plant performance, stress, and defense gene expression in spite of elevated jasmonic acid and jasmonic acid-isoleucine levels in the roots

PubMed Central

Vahabi, Khabat; Camehl, Iris; Sherameti, Irena; Oelmüller, Ralf

2013-01-01

The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica colonizes the roots of many plant species including Arabidopsis and promotes their performance, biomass, and seed production as well as resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. Imbalances in the symbiotic interaction such as uncontrolled fungal growth result in the loss of benefits for the plants and activation of defense responses against the microbe. We exposed Arabidopsis seedlings to a dense hyphal lawn of P. indica. The seedlings continue to grow, accumulate normal amounts of chlorophyll, and the photosynthetic parameters demonstrate that they perform well. In spite of high fungal doses around the roots, the fungal material inside the roots was not significantly higher when compared with roots that live in a beneficial symbiosis with P. indica. Fifteen defense- and stress-related genes including PR2, PR3, PAL2, and ERF1 are only moderately upregulated in the roots on the fungal lawn, and the seedlings did not accumulate H2O2/radical oxygen species. However, accumulation of anthocyanin in P. indica-exposed seedlings indicates stress symptoms. Furthermore, the jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels were increased in the roots, and consequently PDF1.2 and a newly characterized gene for a 2-oxoglurate and Fe2+-dependent oxygenase were upregulated more than 7-fold on the dense fungal lawn, in a JAR1- and EIN3-dependent manner. We conclude that growth of A. thaliana seedlings on high fungal doses of P. indica has little effect on the overall performance of the plants although elevated JA and JA-Ile levels in the roots induce a mild stress or defense response. PMID:24047645

Depth Perception and Defensive System Activation in a 3-D Environment

PubMed Central

Combe, Emmanuelle; Fujii, Naotaka

2011-01-01

To survive, animals must be able to react appropriately (in temporal and behavioral terms) when facing a threat. One of the essential parameters considered by the defensive system is the distance of the threat, the “defensive distance.” In this study, we investigate the visual depth cues that could be considered as an alarm cue for the activation of the defensive system. For this purpose, we performed an active-escape pain task in a virtual three-dimensional environment. In two experiments, we manipulated the nature and consistency of different depth cues: vergence, linear perspective, and angular size. By measuring skin conductance responses, we characterized the situations that activated the defensive system. We show that the angular size of the predator was sufficient information to trigger responses from the defensive system, but we also demonstrate that vergence, which can delay the emotional response in inconsistent situations, is also a highly reliable cue for the activation of the defensive system. PMID:21941515

75 FR 67697 - Membership of the Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Membership of the Performance Review Board AGENCY... appointment of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Performance Review Board (PRB) members, to include the....S Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces and the following Defense Agencies: Defense Advance Research...

Variation in Plant Defense Suppresses Herbivore Performance.

PubMed

Pearse, Ian S; Paul, Ryan; Ode, Paul J

2018-06-18

Defensive variability of crops and natural systems can alter herbivore communities and reduce herbivory [1, 2]. However, it is still unknown how defense variability translates into herbivore suppression. Nonlinear averaging and constraints in physiological tracking (also more generally called time-dependent effects) are the two mechanisms by which defense variability might impact herbivores [3, 4]. We conducted a set of experiments manipulating the mean and variability of a plant defense, showing that defense variability does suppress herbivore performance and that it does so through physiological tracking effects that cannot be explained by nonlinear averaging. While nonlinear averaging predicted higher or the same herbivore performance on a variable defense than on an invariable defense, we show that variability actually decreased herbivore performance and population growth rate. Defense variability reduces herbivore performance in a way that is more than the average of its parts. This is consistent with constraints in physiological matching of detoxification systems for herbivores experiencing variable toxin levels in their diet and represents a more generalizable way of understanding the impacts of variability on herbivory [5]. Increasing defense variability in croplands at a scale encountered by individual herbivores can suppress herbivory, even if that is not anticipated by nonlinear averaging. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Variation in plant defense suppresses herbivore performance

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pearse, Ian; Paul, Ryan; Ode, Paul J.

2018-01-01

Defensive variability of crops and natural systems can alter herbivore communities and reduce herbivory. However, it is still unknown how defense variability translates into herbivore suppression. Nonlinear averaging and constraints in physiological tracking (also more generally called time-dependent effects) are the two mechanisms by which defense variability might impact herbivores. We conducted a set of experiments manipulating the mean and variability of a plant defense, showing that defense variability does suppress herbivore performance and that it does so through physiological tracking effects that cannot be explained by nonlinear averaging. While nonlinear averaging predicted higher or the same herbivore performance on a variable defense than on an invariable defense, we show that variability actually decreased herbivore performance and population growth rate. Defense variability reduces herbivore performance in a way that is more than the average of its parts. This is consistent with constraints in physiological matching of detoxification systems for herbivores experiencing variable toxin levels in their diet and represents a more generalizable way of understanding the impacts of variability on herbivory. Increasing defense variability in croplands at a scale encountered by individual herbivores can suppress herbivory, even if that is not anticipated by nonlinear averaging.

The art and science of missile defense sensor design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McComas, Brian K.

2014-06-01

A Missile Defense Sensor is a complex optical system, which sits idle for long periods of time, must work with little or no on-­board calibration, be used to find and discriminate targets, and guide the kinetic warhead to the target within minutes of launch. A short overview of the Missile Defense problem will be discussed here, as well as, the top-level performance drivers, like Noise Equivalent Irradiance (NEI), Acquisition Range, and Dynamic Range. These top-level parameters influence the choice of optical system, mechanical system, focal plane array (FPA), Read Out Integrated Circuit (ROIC), and cryogenic system. This paper will not only discuss the physics behind the performance of the sensor, but it will also discuss the "art" of optimizing the performance of the sensor given the top level performance parameters. Balancing the sensor sub-­systems is key to the sensor's performance in these highly stressful missions. Top-­level performance requirements impact the choice of lower level hardware and requirements. The flow down of requirements to the lower level hardware will be discussed. This flow down directly impacts the FPA, where careful selection of the detector is required. The flow down also influences the ROIC and cooling requirements. The key physics behind the detector and cryogenic system interactions will be discussed, along with the balancing of subsystem performance. Finally, the overall system balance and optimization will be discussed in the context of missile defense sensors and expected performance of the overall kinetic warhead.

Defense of Cyber Infrastructures Against Cyber-Physical Attacks Using Game-Theoretic Models

DOE PAGES

Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Poole, Stephen W.; Ma, Chris Y. T.; ...

2015-04-06

The operation of cyber infrastructures relies on both cyber and physical components, which are subject to incidental and intentional degradations of different kinds. Within the context of network and computing infrastructures, we study the strategic interactions between an attacker and a defender using game-theoretic models that take into account both cyber and physical components. The attacker and defender optimize their individual utilities expressed as sums of cost and system terms. First, we consider a Boolean attack-defense model, wherein the cyber and physical sub-infrastructures may be attacked and reinforced as individual units. Second, we consider a component attack-defense model wherein theirmore » components may be attacked and defended, and the infrastructure requires minimum numbers of both to function. We show that the Nash equilibrium under uniform costs in both cases is computable in polynomial time, and it provides high-level deterministic conditions for the infrastructure survival. When probabilities of successful attack and defense, and of incidental failures are incorporated into the models, the results favor the attacker but otherwise remain qualitatively similar. This approach has been motivated and validated by our experiences with UltraScience Net infrastructure, which was built to support high-performance network experiments. In conclusion, the analytical results, however, are more general, and we apply them to simplified models of cloud and high-performance computing infrastructures.« less

Defense of Cyber Infrastructures Against Cyber-Physical Attacks Using Game-Theoretic Models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Poole, Stephen W.; Ma, Chris Y. T.

The operation of cyber infrastructures relies on both cyber and physical components, which are subject to incidental and intentional degradations of different kinds. Within the context of network and computing infrastructures, we study the strategic interactions between an attacker and a defender using game-theoretic models that take into account both cyber and physical components. The attacker and defender optimize their individual utilities expressed as sums of cost and system terms. First, we consider a Boolean attack-defense model, wherein the cyber and physical sub-infrastructures may be attacked and reinforced as individual units. Second, we consider a component attack-defense model wherein theirmore » components may be attacked and defended, and the infrastructure requires minimum numbers of both to function. We show that the Nash equilibrium under uniform costs in both cases is computable in polynomial time, and it provides high-level deterministic conditions for the infrastructure survival. When probabilities of successful attack and defense, and of incidental failures are incorporated into the models, the results favor the attacker but otherwise remain qualitatively similar. This approach has been motivated and validated by our experiences with UltraScience Net infrastructure, which was built to support high-performance network experiments. In conclusion, the analytical results, however, are more general, and we apply them to simplified models of cloud and high-performance computing infrastructures.« less

Defense of Cyber Infrastructures Against Cyber-Physical Attacks Using Game-Theoretic Models.

PubMed

Rao, Nageswara S V; Poole, Stephen W; Ma, Chris Y T; He, Fei; Zhuang, Jun; Yau, David K Y

2016-04-01

The operation of cyber infrastructures relies on both cyber and physical components, which are subject to incidental and intentional degradations of different kinds. Within the context of network and computing infrastructures, we study the strategic interactions between an attacker and a defender using game-theoretic models that take into account both cyber and physical components. The attacker and defender optimize their individual utilities, expressed as sums of cost and system terms. First, we consider a Boolean attack-defense model, wherein the cyber and physical subinfrastructures may be attacked and reinforced as individual units. Second, we consider a component attack-defense model wherein their components may be attacked and defended, and the infrastructure requires minimum numbers of both to function. We show that the Nash equilibrium under uniform costs in both cases is computable in polynomial time, and it provides high-level deterministic conditions for the infrastructure survival. When probabilities of successful attack and defense, and of incidental failures, are incorporated into the models, the results favor the attacker but otherwise remain qualitatively similar. This approach has been motivated and validated by our experiences with UltraScience Net infrastructure, which was built to support high-performance network experiments. The analytical results, however, are more general, and we apply them to simplified models of cloud and high-performance computing infrastructures. © 2015 Society for Risk Analysis.

Trusted Defense Microelectronics: Future Access and Capabilities Are Uncertain

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-28

Board Task Force on High Performance Microchip Supply and documentation and discussions with industry and DOD officials in September and October...the defense and microelectronics industry . DOD’s review of this report deemed some of this information as sensitive but unclassified. What GAO...increased specialization and industry consolidation. • Once dominated by domestic sources, the supply chain for microelectronics manufacturing is a global one

Department of Defense Extract of the Budget of the United States Government for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-04

speed rail transport and form effort, the budget gives special emphasis electric battery technology, to high perform - to increased investment in child...in vehicle performance and ca- pabilities. Research efforts have been ex- panded in high -payoff areas associated with a broad range of future vehicle...applications including subsonic and high - speed transport aircraft. The budget proposes $543 million for aero- nautics R&D (excluding High Performance

Toward a defense-dominated world

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wood, L.

1993-08-01

Maintaining the large-scale peace in a defense-dominated world necessarily will require not only passive but also active defenses against large-scale aggression that are technically feasible, practical and easy to employ -- and robust against perversion into support of aggression. Such peace maintenance tool-sets will feature means for effectively rebuking aggression as well as providing timely and very widely available seaming of aggression underway anywhere. This report discusses the technology base which currently exists to provide world-wide, high-quality imagery at moderate (5--10 meter) spatial resolution or imagery of 1% of the Earth`s land surface at high ({le} 1 meter) resolution nomore » less frequently than daily, at a total cost of the order of $1 B, with operational capability in the later `90s. Such systems could provide timely warning of aggressive actions anywhere. Similarly, space-based means of defeating aggression conducted with even quite short-range ballistic missiles anywhere in the world could be brought into existence by the end of the `90s for a total cost of about $10 B, and small high-altitude, long flight-duration robotic aircraft carrying high-performance sensors and interceptor missilery could provide both seaming and active defenses against attacks conducted with very short range ballistic missiles, as well as attacks launched with air-breathing threats such as bombers and cruise missiles, for a cost per defended area of the order of $10/km{sup 2}. It appears that all of the associated sensors can find apt dual-use as high-performance systems for monitoring physical aspects of the human environment.« less

32 CFR 37.890 - Must I require a final performance report?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Must I require a final performance report? 37.890 Section 37.890 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... not require a final performance report that addresses all major accomplishments under the TIA. If you...

32 CFR 37.890 - Must I require a final performance report?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Must I require a final performance report? 37.890 Section 37.890 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... not require a final performance report that addresses all major accomplishments under the TIA. If you...

32 CFR 37.890 - Must I require a final performance report?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Must I require a final performance report? 37.890 Section 37.890 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... not require a final performance report that addresses all major accomplishments under the TIA. If you...

32 CFR 37.890 - Must I require a final performance report?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Must I require a final performance report? 37.890 Section 37.890 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... not require a final performance report that addresses all major accomplishments under the TIA. If you...

32 CFR 37.890 - Must I require a final performance report?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Must I require a final performance report? 37.890 Section 37.890 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... not require a final performance report that addresses all major accomplishments under the TIA. If you...

78 FR 52517 - Membership of the Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

... Agency, Defense Contract Audit Agency, Defense Contract Management Agency, Defense Finance and Accounting Service, Defense Information Systems Agency, Defense Legal Services Agency, Defense Logistics Agency...

77 FR 49440 - Membership of the Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-16

... Agency, Defense Contract Audit Agency, Defense Contract Management Agency, Defense Finance And Accounting Service, Defense Information Systems Agency, Defense Legal Services Agency, Defense Logistics Agency...

32 CFR 395.5 - Relationships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTERS DEFENSE LEGAL SERVICES AGENCY § 395.5 Relationships. (a) In performance of assigned... concerned, evaluation of their performance and/or other action that may be necessary based on professional...

DCT-based cyber defense techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amsalem, Yaron; Puzanov, Anton; Bedinerman, Anton; Kutcher, Maxim; Hadar, Ofer

2015-09-01

With the increasing popularity of video streaming services and multimedia sharing via social networks, there is a need to protect the multimedia from malicious use. An attacker may use steganography and watermarking techniques to embed malicious content, in order to attack the end user. Most of the attack algorithms are robust to basic image processing techniques such as filtering, compression, noise addition, etc. Hence, in this article two novel, real-time, defense techniques are proposed: Smart threshold and anomaly correction. Both techniques operate at the DCT domain, and are applicable for JPEG images and H.264 I-Frames. The defense performance was evaluated against a highly robust attack, and the perceptual quality degradation was measured by the well-known PSNR and SSIM quality assessment metrics. A set of defense techniques is suggested for improving the defense efficiency. For the most aggressive attack configuration, the combination of all the defense techniques results in 80% protection against cyber-attacks with PSNR of 25.74 db.

Computerized neuropsychological test performance of youth football players at different positions: A comparison of high and low contact players.

PubMed

Tsushima, William T; Ahn, Hyeong Jun; Siu, Andrea M; Fukuyama, Tama; Murata, Nathan M

2017-02-28

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of head impact frequency on the neuropsychological test results of football players who participate in different positions on the team. Based on the biomechanical measures of head impact frequency reported in high school football, a High Contact group (n = 480) consisting of offensive and defensive linemen was compared with a Low Contact group (n = 640) comprised of receivers and defensive backs. The results revealed that the High Contact group obtained poorer performances on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) on three Composite scores (Verbal Memory, Visual Motor Speed, Impulse Control) and the Total Symptom score compared to the Low Contact group. The present study is the first, to date, to report differences in the neuropsychological test performances of athletes who participate in high and low contact football positions. The findings raise tentative concerns that youth football players exposed to repetitive head trauma, including subconcussive impacts, may be at risk for lowered neuropsychological functioning and increased symptoms.

Lessons Learned from Military Performance Assessment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wise, Lauress L.

Lessons derived from the Job Performance Measurement (JPM) Project, which is overseen by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management and Personnel, for educational assessment are explored. The JPM Project was initiated to develop high fidelity measures of performance on the job that can be used to evaluate personnel…

Anthropometric and Athletic Performance Combine Test Results Among Positions Within Grade Levels of High School-Aged American Football Players.

PubMed

Leutzinger, Todd J; Gillen, Zachary M; Miramonti, Amelia M; McKay, Brianna D; Mendez, Alegra I; Cramer, Joel T

2018-05-01

Leutzinger, TJ, Gillen, ZM, Miramonti, AM, McKay, BD, Mendez, AI, and Cramer, JT. Anthropometric and athletic performance combine test results among positions within grade levels of high school-aged American football players. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1288-1296, 2018-The purpose of this study was to investigate differences among player positions at 3 grade levels in elite, collegiate-prospective American football players. Participants' data (n = 7,160) were analyzed for this study (mean height [Ht] ± SD = 178 ± 7 cm, mass [Bm] = 86 ± 19 kg). Data were obtained from 12 different high school American football recruiting combines hosted by Zybek Sports (Boulder, Colorado). Eight 2-way (9 × 3) mixed factorial analysis of variances {position (defensive back [DB], defensive end, defensive lineman, linebacker, offensive lineman [OL], quarterback, running back, tight end, and wide receiver [WR]) × grade (freshmen, sophomores, and juniors)} were used to test for differences among the mean test scores for each combine measure (Ht, Bm, 40-yard [40 yd] dash, proagility [PA] drill, L-cone [LC] drill, vertical jump [VJ], and broad jump [BJ]). There were position-related differences (p ≤ 0.05) for Ht, 40 yd dash, and BJ, within each grade level and for Bm, PA, LC, and VJ independent of grade level. Generally, the results showed that OL were the tallest, weighed the most, and exhibited the lowest performance scores among positions. Running backs were the shortest, whereas DBs and WRs weighed the least and exhibited the highest performance scores among positions. These results demonstrate the value of classifying high school-aged American football players according to their specific position rather than categorical groupings such as "line" vs. "skill" vs. "big skill" when evaluating anthropometric and athletic performance combine test results.

32 CFR 310.19 - Amendment of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Amendment of records. 310.19 Section 310.19 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY... of official judgment, such as performance ratings, promotion potential, and job performance...

32 CFR 310.19 - Amendment of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Amendment of records. 310.19 Section 310.19 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY... of official judgment, such as performance ratings, promotion potential, and job performance...

Modeling the Offensive-Defensive Interaction and Resulting Outcomes in Basketball.

PubMed

Lamas, Leonardo; Santana, Felipe; Heiner, Matthew; Ugrinowitsch, Carlos; Fellingham, Gilbert

2015-01-01

We analyzed the interaction between offensive (i.e. space creation dynamics--SCDs) and defensive (i.e. space protection dynamics--SPDs) actions in six play outcomes (free shot, contested shot, new SCD, reset, foul, and turnover) in Spanish professional basketball games. Data consisted of 1548 SCD-SPD-outcome triples obtained from six play-off games. We used Bayesian methods to compute marginal probabilities of six outcomes following five different SCDs. We also computed probabilities of the six outcomes following the 16 most frequent SCD-SPD combinations. The pick action (e.g. pick and roll, pop and pop) was the most prevalent SCD (33%). However, this SCD did not produce the highest probability of a free shot (0.235). The highest probability of a free shot followed the SCD without ball (0.409). The pick was performed not only to attempt scoring but also to initiate offenses, as it produced the highest probability leading to a new SCD (0.403). Additionally, the SPD performed influenced the outcome of the SCD. This reinforces the notion that the opposition (offensive-defensive interaction) should be considered. To the best of our knowledge, in team sports, this is the first study to successfully model the tactical features involved in offense-defense interactions. Our analyses revealed that the high frequency of occurrence of some SCDs may be justified not only by an associated high probability of free shots but also by the possibility of progressively create more space in the defense (i.e. a new SCD as outcome). In the second case, it evidences offensive strategic features of progressive disruption of the defensive system through the concatenation of subsequent offensive actions.

Modeling the Offensive-Defensive Interaction and Resulting Outcomes in Basketball

PubMed Central

Lamas, Leonardo; Santana, Felipe; Heiner, Matthew; Ugrinowitsch, Carlos; Fellingham, Gilbert

2015-01-01

Purpose We analyzed the interaction between offensive (i.e. space creation dynamics -SCDs) and defensive (i.e. space protection dynamics—SPDs) actions in six play outcomes (free shot, contested shot, new SCD, reset, foul, and turnover) in Spanish professional basketball games. Method Data consisted of 1548 SCD-SPD-outcome triples obtained from six play-off games. We used Bayesian methods to compute marginal probabilities of six outcomes following five different SCDs. We also computed probabilities of the six outcomes following the 16 most frequent SCD-SPD combinations. Results The pick action (e.g. pick and roll, pop and pop) was the most prevalent SCD (33%). However, this SCD did not produce the highest probability of a free shot (0.235). The highest probability of a free shot followed the SCD without ball (0.409). The pick was performed not only to attempt scoring but also to initiate offenses, as it produced the highest probability leading to a new SCD (0.403). Additionally, the SPD performed influenced the outcome of the SCD. This reinforces the notion that the opposition (offensive-defensive interaction) should be considered. To the best of our knowledge, in team sports, this is the first study to successfully model the tactical features involved in offense-defense interactions. Our analyses revealed that the high frequency of occurrence of some SCDs may be justified not only by an associated high probability of free shots but also by the possibility of progressively create more space in the defense (i.e. a new SCD as outcome). In the second case, it evidences offensive strategic features of progressive disruption of the defensive system through the concatenation of subsequent offensive actions. PMID:26659134

5 CFR 9901.407 - Minimum period of performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Section 9901.407 Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Performance Management § 9901.407 Minimum period of performance. (a) Only...

10 CFR 217.2 - Priorities and allocations authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Security with respect to essential civilian needs supporting national defense, including civil defense and... section 101 of the Defense Production Act to require acceptance and priority performance of contracts and orders (other than contracts of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other...

32 CFR 239.13 - Program performance reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Program performance reviews. 239.13 Section 239.13 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED... HAPMIS and CEFMS reports) at the Headquarters Department of the Army and at the DUSD(I&E) levels. ...

32 CFR 33.40 - Monitoring and reporting program performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Monitoring and reporting program performance. 33.40 Section 33.40 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and Enforcement § 33.40...

32 CFR 33.40 - Monitoring and reporting program performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Monitoring and reporting program performance. 33.40 Section 33.40 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and Enforcement § 33.40...

32 CFR 33.40 - Monitoring and reporting program performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Monitoring and reporting program performance. 33.40 Section 33.40 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and Enforcement § 33.40...

32 CFR 33.40 - Monitoring and reporting program performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Monitoring and reporting program performance. 33.40 Section 33.40 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and Enforcement § 33.40...

32 CFR 33.40 - Monitoring and reporting program performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Monitoring and reporting program performance. 33.40 Section 33.40 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Post-Award Requirements Reports, Records, Retention, and Enforcement § 33.40...

Other Defense Organizations and Defense Finance and Accounting Service Controls Over High-Risk Transactions Were Not Effective

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-28

Management (DHA- CRM ), agreed with Recommendations 1 and 2. The Chief stated that the service-level agreements should be updated to provide...descriptive language on the defined roles and responsibilities. In some instances, DHA- CRM personnel find it difficult to identify responsible parties at...that it maintains a universe of all accounting transactions processed daily to include disbursements. Additionally, DHA- CRM personnel perform a

Reduced Toxicity, High Performance Monopropellant at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-27

develop reduced toxicity monopropellant formulations to replace spacecraft hydrazine monopropellant. The Air Force Research Laboratory’s (AFRL’s...Public Release, Distribution unlimited REDUCED TOXICITY, HIGH PERFORMANCE MONOPROPELLANT AT THE U.S. AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY T.W. Hawkins...information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations

DEFENSE PRODUCTION ACT: Agencies Lack Policies and Guidance for Use of Key Authorities

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

thermal batteries $11.44 Projects under $10 million Radiation Hardened Cryogenic Read Out Integrated Circuits (ROIC) Establishment of a domestic...performance of polymers $13.73 High Performance Thermal Battery Production Initiative Establish, strengthen, and expand a domestic source for advanced

32 CFR 767.10 - Monitoring of performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Monitoring of performance. 767.10 Section 767.10 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES APPLICATION... DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Permit Guidelines § 767.10 Monitoring of performance. Permitted activities will be...

32 CFR 767.10 - Monitoring of performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Monitoring of performance. 767.10 Section 767.10 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES APPLICATION... DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Permit Guidelines § 767.10 Monitoring of performance. Permitted activities will be...

32 CFR 767.10 - Monitoring of performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Monitoring of performance. 767.10 Section 767.10 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES APPLICATION... DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Permit Guidelines § 767.10 Monitoring of performance. Permitted activities will be...

32 CFR 767.10 - Monitoring of performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Monitoring of performance. 767.10 Section 767.10 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES APPLICATION... DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Permit Guidelines § 767.10 Monitoring of performance. Permitted activities will be...

32 CFR 767.10 - Monitoring of performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Monitoring of performance. 767.10 Section 767.10 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES APPLICATION... DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Permit Guidelines § 767.10 Monitoring of performance. Permitted activities will be...

Look at me, I'm happy and creative: The effect of impression management on behavior in social presence.

PubMed

Uziel, Liad

2010-12-01

The present research tested competing approaches to individual differences in impression management (as measured with social desirability scales) and their implication for behavior in social contexts. A defensiveness approach argues that impression management is a source of defensive self-presentation, which causes performance impairment in public social settings. The competing adjustment approach argues that impression management measures friendliness and self-control, which should bring about performance facilitation in public social settings. To decide between these approaches, two experiments utilized a social facilitation paradigm, whereby task performance was compared between an alone and a public condition. The results supported the predictions of the adjustment approach. Across different tasks, a high impression management score was associated with performance facilitation in social presence, expressed in greater creativity, positive implicit affect, and high self-control. The results reveal previously unnoticed constructive effects of impression management, supporting the reframing of the trait as reflecting interpersonally oriented self-control.

Role of plant β-glucosidases in the dual defense system of iridoid glycosides and their hydrolyzing enzymes in Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major.

PubMed

Pankoke, Helga; Buschmann, Torsten; Müller, Caroline

2013-10-01

The typical defense compounds of Plantaginaceae are the iridoid glycosides, which retard growth and/or enhance mortality of non-adapted herbivores. In plants, glycosidic defense compounds and hydrolytic enzymes often form a dual defense system, in which the glycosides are activated by the enzymes to exert biological effects. Yet, little is known about the activating enzymes in iridoid glycoside-containing plants. To examine the role of plant-derived β-glucosidases in the dual defense system of two common plantain species, Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major, we determined the concentration of iridoid glycosides as well as the β-glucosidase activity in leaves of different age. To investigate the presence of other leaf metabolites potentially involved in plant defense, we used a metabolic fingerprinting approach with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. According to the optimal defense hypothesis, more valuable parts such as young leaves should be better protected than less valuable parts. Therefore, we expected that both, the concentrations of defense compounds as well as the β-glucosidase activity, should be highest in younger leaves and decrease with increasing leaf age. Both species possessed β-glucosidase activity, which hydrolyzed aucubin, one of the two most abundant iridoid glycosides in both plant species, with high activity. In line with the optimal defense hypothesis, the β-glucosidase activity in both Plantago species as well as the concentration of defense-related metabolites such as iridoid glycosides correlated negatively to leaf age. When leaf extracts were incubated with bovine serum albumin and aucubin, SDS-PAGE revealed a protein-denaturing effect of the leaf extracts of both plantain species, suggesting that iridoid glycosides and plant β-glucosidase interact in a dual defense system. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

5 CFR 9901.404 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM...-for-performance evaluation system means the performance management system established under this...

Report on Defense Business Operations to the Congressional Defense Committees

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-15

7 . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Department of Defense,Business Information Agency,Washington,DC 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION...Defense Business Transformation 7 Table 2-2: System Modernizations and Initiatives by Business Enterprise Priority* Personnel Visibility...and people to ensure reliable and accurate delivery of acceptable goods and services. The procurement functional area establishes requirements for

Evaluating the Longevity and Hydraulic Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers at Department of Defense Sites

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-10-01

Draft Final Report Evaluating the Longevity and Hydraulic Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers at Department of Defense Sites Prepared for...AND SUBTITLE Evaluating the Longevity and Hydraulic Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers at Department of Defense Sites 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER...34 4.3.2 Hydraulic Performance Evaluation .................................................................... 38 4.3.2.1 Water-Level

Dexterity testing of chemical-defense gloves. Technical report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robinette, K.M.; Ervin; Zehner, G.F.

1986-05-01

Chemical-defense gloves (12.5-mil Epichlorohydron/Butyl, 14-mil Epichlorohydron/Butyl, and 7-mil Butyl with Nomex overgloves) were subjected to four dexterity tests (O'Connor Finger Dexterity Test, Pennsylvania Bi-Manual Worksample-Assembly, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Turning, and the Crawford Small Test). Results indicated that subjects performances were most impaired by the 7-mil Butyl with Nomex overglove. Though differences between the other three gloved conditions were not always statistically significant, subjects performed silghtly better while wearing the Epichlorohydron/Butyl gloves, no matter which thickness, than they did while wearing the 15-mil butyl gloves. High negative correlation between anthropometry and gloved tests scores of subjects suggested that poor glovemore » fit may also have affected subjects performances.« less

Department of Defense In-House RDT and E Activities: Management Analysis Report for Fiscal Year 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-11-01

A worldwide unique lab because it houses a high - speed modeling and simulation system, a prototype...E Division, San Diego, CA: High Performance Computing Laboratory providing a wide range of advanced computer systems for the scientific investigation...Machines CM-200 and a 256-node Thinking Machines CM-S. The CM-5 is in a very large memory, ( high performance 32 Gbytes, >4 0 OFlop) coafiguration,

Defense Logistics: Improved Performance Measures and Information Needed for Assessing Asset Visibility Initiatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

Accountability Office Highlights of GAO-17-183, a report to congressional committees March 2017 DEFENSE LOGISTICS Improved Performance Measures ...DEFENSE LOGISTICS Improved Performance Measures and Information Needed for Assessing Asset Visibility Initiatives...Report to Congressional Committees March 2017 GAO-17-183 United States Government Accountability Office United States Government

32 CFR 644.462 - Performance of restoration work by district engineer-extension of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Performance of restoration work by district engineer-extension of time. 644.462 Section 644.462 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued... Leasehold Improvements § 644.462 Performance of restoration work by district engineer—extension of time...

Quantification of Competitive Game Demands of NCAA Division I College Football Players Using Global Positioning Systems.

PubMed

Wellman, Aaron D; Coad, Sam C; Goulet, Grant C; McLellan, Christopher P

2016-01-01

The aim of the present study was to examine the competitive physiological movement demands of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college football players using portable global positioning system (GPS) technology during games and to examine positional groups within offensive and defensive teams, to determine if a player's physiological requirements during games are influenced by playing position. Thirty-three NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision football players were monitored using GPS receivers with integrated accelerometers (GPSports) during 12 regular season games throughout the 2014 season. Individual data sets (n = 295) from players were divided into offensive and defensive teams and subsequent position groups. Movement profile characteristics, including total, low-intensity, moderate-intensity, high-intensity, and sprint running distances (m), sprint counts, and acceleration and deceleration efforts, were assessed during games. A one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni statistical analysis were used to determine differences in movement profiles between each position group within offensive and defensive teams. For both offensive and defensive teams, significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences exist between positional groups for game physical performance requirements. The results of the present study identified that wide receivers and defensive backs completed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater total distance, high-intensity running, sprint distance, and high-intensity acceleration and deceleration efforts than their respective offensive and defensive positional groups. Data from the present study provide novel quantification of position-specific physical demands of college football games and support the use of position-specific training in the preparation of NCAA Division I college football players for competition.

32 CFR 37.905 - Must I make receipt of the final performance report a condition for final payment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Must I make receipt of the final performance report a condition for final payment? 37.905 Section 37.905 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS...

32 CFR 37.905 - Must I make receipt of the final performance report a condition for final payment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Must I make receipt of the final performance report a condition for final payment? 37.905 Section 37.905 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS...

32 CFR 37.905 - Must I make receipt of the final performance report a condition for final payment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Must I make receipt of the final performance report a condition for final payment? 37.905 Section 37.905 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS...

32 CFR 37.905 - Must I make receipt of the final performance report a condition for final payment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Must I make receipt of the final performance report a condition for final payment? 37.905 Section 37.905 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS...

A Markov game theoretic data fusion approach for cyber situational awareness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe; Cruz, Jose B., Jr.; Haynes, Leonard; Kruger, Martin; Blasch, Erik

2007-04-01

This paper proposes an innovative data-fusion/ data-mining game theoretic situation awareness and impact assessment approach for cyber network defense. Alerts generated by Intrusion Detection Sensors (IDSs) or Intrusion Prevention Sensors (IPSs) are fed into the data refinement (Level 0) and object assessment (L1) data fusion components. High-level situation/threat assessment (L2/L3) data fusion based on Markov game model and Hierarchical Entity Aggregation (HEA) are proposed to refine the primitive prediction generated by adaptive feature/pattern recognition and capture new unknown features. A Markov (Stochastic) game method is used to estimate the belief of each possible cyber attack pattern. Game theory captures the nature of cyber conflicts: determination of the attacking-force strategies is tightly coupled to determination of the defense-force strategies and vice versa. Also, Markov game theory deals with uncertainty and incompleteness of available information. A software tool is developed to demonstrate the performance of the high level information fusion for cyber network defense situation and a simulation example shows the enhanced understating of cyber-network defense.

32 CFR 383a.7 - Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) ORGANIZATIONAL... the Military Departments or other Government entities, as required for the effective performance of... necessary for the performance of assigned functions and responsibilities. 1 Copies may be obtained, at cost...

5 CFR 9901.406 - Setting and communicating performance expectations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... expectations. 9901.406 Section 9901.406 Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Performance Management § 9901.406 Setting and...

32 CFR 169a.11 - Expansions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Expansions. 169a.11 Section 169a.11 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES..., shall be conducted to determine if performance by DoD personnel is authorized for national defense...

32 CFR 169a.12 - New requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false New requirements. 169a.12 Section 169a.12 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL... performance by DoD personnel is authorized for national defense reasons, because no commercial source is...

32 CFR 169a.11 - Expansions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Expansions. 169a.11 Section 169a.11 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES..., shall be conducted to determine if performance by DoD personnel is authorized for national defense...

32 CFR 169a.12 - New requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false New requirements. 169a.12 Section 169a.12 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL... performance by DoD personnel is authorized for national defense reasons, because no commercial source is...

32 CFR 169a.12 - New requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false New requirements. 169a.12 Section 169a.12 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL... performance by DoD personnel is authorized for national defense reasons, because no commercial source is...

32 CFR 169a.11 - Expansions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Expansions. 169a.11 Section 169a.11 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES..., shall be conducted to determine if performance by DoD personnel is authorized for national defense...

Analysis of the association between isokinetic knee strength with offensive and defensive jumping capacity in high-level female volleyball athletes.

PubMed

Sattler, Tine; Sekulic, Damir; Esco, Michael R; Mahmutovic, Ifet; Hadzic, Vedran

2015-09-01

Isokinetic-knee-strength was hypothesized to be an important factor related to jumping performance. However, studies examining this relation among elite female athletes and sport-specific jumps are lacking. This investigation determined the influence of isokinetic-knee flexor/extensor strength measures on spike-jump (offensive) and block-jump (defensive) performance among high-level female volleyball players. Cross-sectional laboratory study. Eighty-two female volleyball athletes (age = 21.3 ± 3.8 years, height = 175.4 ± 6.76 cm, and weight = 68.29 ± 8.53 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. The studied variables included spike-jump and block-jump performance and a set of isokinetic tests to evaluate the eccentric and concentric strength capacities of the knee extensors (quadriceps - Q), and flexors (hamstring - H) for both legs. Both jumping tests showed high intra-session reliability (ICC of 0.87 and 0.95 for spike-jump and block-jump, respectively). The athletes were clustered into three achievement-groups based on their spike-jump and block-jump performances. For the block-jump, ANOVA identified significant differences between achievement-groups for all isokinetic variables except the Right-Q-Eccentric-Strength. When observed for spike-jump, achievement-groups differed significantly in all tests but Right-H-Concentric-Strength. Discriminant canonical analysis showed that the isokinetic-strength variables were more associated with block-jump then spike-jump-performance. The eccentric isokinetic measures were relatively less important determinants of block-jump than for the spike-jump performance. Data support the hypothesis of the importance of isokinetic strength measures for the expression of rapid muscular performance in volleyball. The results point to the necessity of the differential approach in sport training for defensive and offensive duties. Copyright © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 169a.9 - Reviews: Existing in-house commercial activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Reviews: Existing in-house commercial activities. 169a.9 Section 169a.9 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE... the decision to continue in-house performance). These conditions are as follows: (1) National Defense...

32 CFR 169a.9 - Reviews: Existing in-house commercial activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Reviews: Existing in-house commercial activities. 169a.9 Section 169a.9 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE... the decision to continue in-house performance). These conditions are as follows: (1) National Defense...

32 CFR 395.5 - Relationships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Relationships. 395.5 Section 395.5 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTERS DEFENSE LEGAL SERVICES AGENCY § 395.5 Relationships. (a) In performance of assigned...

Transgenerational Effects Alter Plant Defense and Resistance in Nature

PubMed Central

Colicchio, Jack

2017-01-01

Trichomes, or leaf hairs, are epidermal extensions that take a variety of forms and perform many functions in plants, including herbivore defense. In this study, I document genetically determined variation, within-generation plasticity, and a direct role of trichomes in herbivore defense for Mimulus guttatus. After establishing the relationship between trichomes and herbivory, I test for transgenerational effects of wounding on trichome density and herbivore resistance. Patterns of inter-annual variation in herbivore density and the high cost of plant defense makes plant-herbivore interactions a system in which transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TPP) is apt to evolve. Here, I demonstrate that parental damage alters offspring trichome density and herbivore resistance in nature. Moreover, this response varies between populations. This is among the first studies to demonstrate that TPP contributes to variation in nature, and also suggests that selection can modify TPP in response to local conditions. PMID:28102915

75 FR 67696 - Membership of the Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

...: Defense Finance and Accounting Service, DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the appointment of the members of the Performance Review Board (PRB) of the Defense Finance and Accounting Service.... FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Denise Thornburg, DFAS SES Program Manager, Defense Finance and...

76 FR 61346 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-04

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY: Department of Defense Office of Inspector General, Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the appointment of the members of the Senior Executive Service (SES...

High accuracy attitude reference stabilization and pointing using the Teledyne SDG-5 gyro and the DRIRU II inertial reference unit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Green, K. N.; van Alstine, R. L.

This paper presents the current performance levels of the SDG-5 gyro, a high performance two-axis dynamically tuned gyro, and the DRIRU II redundant inertial reference unit relating to stabilization and pointing applications. Also presented is a discussion of a product improvement program aimed at further noise reductions to meet the demanding requirements of future space defense applications.

Evaluating the Longevity and Hydraulic Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers at Department of Defense Sites

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-24

F inal Repor t Evaluating the Longevity and Hydraulic Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers at Department of Defense Sites P1·epared for... Hydraulic Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers at Department of Defense Sites Prepared for Project Officer: Charles Reeter Naval Facilities...SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Evaluating the Longevity and Hydraulic Performance of Permeable Reactive N4 7408-95-D-0730/0087 Barriers at Department of

Computing Cluster for Large Scale Turbulence Simulations and Applications in Computational Aeroacoustics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lele, Sanjiva K.

2002-08-01

Funds were received in April 2001 under the Department of Defense DURIP program for construction of a 48 processor high performance computing cluster. This report details the hardware which was purchased and how it has been used to enable and enhance research activities directly supported by, and of interest to, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Department of Defense. The report is divided into two major sections. The first section after this summary describes the computer cluster, its setup, and some cluster performance benchmark results. The second section explains ongoing research efforts which have benefited from the cluster hardware, and presents highlights of those efforts since installation of the cluster.

Report of the Defense Science Board/Air Force Scientific Advisory Board Joint Task Force on Acquisition of National Security Space Programs

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-05-01

space requires both contractors---at least until sustainable performance is demonstrated • EELV program has occurred in highly cost constrained...both contractors • Take necessary actions to assure both contractors remain viable---at least until sustainable performance is demonstrated

32 CFR 169a.10 - Contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Contracts. 169a.10 Section 169a.10 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.10 Contracts. When contract cost becomes unreasonable or performance...

32 CFR 169a.10 - Contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Contracts. 169a.10 Section 169a.10 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.10 Contracts. When contract cost becomes unreasonable or performance...

32 CFR 169a.10 - Contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Contracts. 169a.10 Section 169a.10 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.10 Contracts. When contract cost becomes unreasonable or performance...

Types of high self-esteem and prejudice: how implicit self-esteem relates to ethnic discrimination among high explicit self-esteem individuals.

PubMed

Jordan, Christian H; Spencer, Steven J; Zanna, Mark P

2005-05-01

There is increasing recognition that high self-esteem is heterogeneous. Recent research suggests that individuals who report having high self-esteem (i.e., have high explicit self-esteem) behave more defensively to the extent that they have relatively low implicit self-esteem. The current studies test whether individuals with high explicit self-esteem are more likely to discriminate ethnically, as a defensive technique, to the extent that they have relatively low implicit self-esteem. The results support this prediction. Among participants with high explicit self-esteem, all of whom were threatened by negative performance feedback, those with relatively low implicit self-esteem recommended a more severe punishment for a Native, but not a White, student who started a fist-fight. In Study 2, this pattern was not apparent for participants with relatively low explicit self-esteem.

The future is now: prospective temporal self-appraisals among defensive pessimists and optimists.

PubMed

Sanna, Lawrence J; Chang, Edward C; Carter, Seth E; Small, Eulena M

2006-06-01

Three studies found that prospective temporal self-appraisals can be part of defensive pessimists' strategy; they felt closer to equally distant negative than positive futures. In Study 1, defensive pessimists felt closer to future failures and reported more negative affect than those considering success. In Study 2, when manipulated negative futures were close, defensive pessimists felt bad and performed well; results suggested that viewing negative futures as close may be part of their natural strategy. Study 3 found that prospective self-appraisals influenced performances through felt preparation. Optimists did not use prospective self-appraisals (Study 1) and their performances were unaffected by manipulated temporal distance (Studies 2 and 3). Discussion centers on prospective self-appraisals and multiple strategies of defensive pessimists.

75 FR 60090 - Membership of the Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-29

...: Missile Defense Agency (MDA), DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the appointment of the members of the Performance Review Board (PRB) of the Missile Defense Agency (MDA). The publication of PRB... CONTACT: Jovey Martir, MDA SES Program Management, Missile Defense Agency, Arlington, Virginia, (703) 693...

32 CFR 352a.5 - Relationships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Relationships. 352a.5 Section 352a.5 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTERS DEFENSE FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING SERVICE (DFAS) § 352a.5 Relationships. (a) In the performance of...

32 CFR 383a.6 - Relationships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Relationships. 383a.6 Section 383a.6 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTERS DEFENSE COMMISSARY AGENCY (DeCA) § 383a.6 Relationships. (a) In the performance of assigned...

32 CFR 352a.5 - Relationships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Relationships. 352a.5 Section 352a.5 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTERS DEFENSE FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING SERVICE (DFAS) § 352a.5 Relationships. (a) In the performance of...

75 FR 69642 - Membership of the Performance Review Board (PRB)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Membership of the Performance Review Board (PRB... Executive Service performance appraisals and makes recommendations regarding performance ratings and performance scores to the Director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency. DATES: Effective Date: The effective date...

A motivational analysis of defensive pessimism and self-handicapping.

PubMed

Elliot, Andrew J; Church, Marcy A

2003-06-01

Two studies examined motivational influences on and correlates of defensive pessimism and self-handicapping and investigated the relationship between these two cognitive strategies and performance attainment. The findings indicated that defensive pessimism and self-handicapping have similar motivational profiles, with the primary difference being that self-handicapping represents the absence of approach motivation in the achievement domain, as well as the presence of avoidance motivation. Self-handicapping, but not defensive pessimism, was shown to undermine performance-attainment, and performance-avoidance goals were validated as mediators of this negative relationship. Issues regarding the functional nature of the two cognitive strategies are discussed.

Tomato Reproductive Success Is Equally Affected by Herbivores That Induce or That Suppress Defenses.

PubMed

Liu, Jie; Legarrea, Saioa; Kant, Merijn R

2017-01-01

Herbivory induces plant defenses. These responses are often costly, yet enable plants under attack to reach a higher fitness than they would have reached without these defenses. Spider mites ( Tetranychus ssp.) are polyphagous plant-pests. While most strains of the species Tetranychus urticae induce defenses at the expense of their performance, the species Tetranychus evansi suppresses plant defenses and thereby maintains a high performance. Most data indicate that suppression is a mite-adaptive trait. Suppression is characterized by a massive down-regulation of plant gene-expression compared to plants infested with defense-inducing mites as well as compared to control plants, albeit to a lesser extent. Therefore, we hypothesized that suppression may also benefit a plant since the resources saved during down-regulation could be used to increase reproduction. To test this hypothesis, we compared fruit and viable seed production of uninfested tomato plants with that of plants infested with defense-inducing or defense-suppressing mites. Mite-infested plants produced fruits faster than control plants albeit in lower total amounts. The T. evansi -infested plants produced the lowest number of fruits. However, the number of viable seeds was equal across treatments at the end of the experiment. Nonetheless, at this stage control plants were still alive and productive and therefore reach a higher lifetime fitness than mite-infested plants. Our results indicate that plants have plastic control over reproduction and can speed up fruit- and seed production when conditions are unfavorable. Moreover, we showed that although suppressed plants are less productive in terms of fruit production than induced plants, their lifetime fitness was equal under laboratory conditions. However, under natural conditions the fitness of plants such as tomato will also depend on the efficiency of seed dispersal by animals. Hence, we argue that the fitness of induced plants in the field may be promoted more by their higher fruit production relative to that of their suppressed counterparts.

Tomato Reproductive Success Is Equally Affected by Herbivores That Induce or That Suppress Defenses

PubMed Central

Liu, Jie; Legarrea, Saioa; Kant, Merijn R.

2017-01-01

Herbivory induces plant defenses. These responses are often costly, yet enable plants under attack to reach a higher fitness than they would have reached without these defenses. Spider mites (Tetranychus ssp.) are polyphagous plant-pests. While most strains of the species Tetranychus urticae induce defenses at the expense of their performance, the species Tetranychus evansi suppresses plant defenses and thereby maintains a high performance. Most data indicate that suppression is a mite-adaptive trait. Suppression is characterized by a massive down-regulation of plant gene-expression compared to plants infested with defense-inducing mites as well as compared to control plants, albeit to a lesser extent. Therefore, we hypothesized that suppression may also benefit a plant since the resources saved during down-regulation could be used to increase reproduction. To test this hypothesis, we compared fruit and viable seed production of uninfested tomato plants with that of plants infested with defense-inducing or defense-suppressing mites. Mite-infested plants produced fruits faster than control plants albeit in lower total amounts. The T. evansi-infested plants produced the lowest number of fruits. However, the number of viable seeds was equal across treatments at the end of the experiment. Nonetheless, at this stage control plants were still alive and productive and therefore reach a higher lifetime fitness than mite-infested plants. Our results indicate that plants have plastic control over reproduction and can speed up fruit- and seed production when conditions are unfavorable. Moreover, we showed that although suppressed plants are less productive in terms of fruit production than induced plants, their lifetime fitness was equal under laboratory conditions. However, under natural conditions the fitness of plants such as tomato will also depend on the efficiency of seed dispersal by animals. Hence, we argue that the fitness of induced plants in the field may be promoted more by their higher fruit production relative to that of their suppressed counterparts. PMID:29326739

Use of sodium butyrate as an alternative to dietary fiber: effects on the embryonic development and anti-oxidative capacity of rats.

PubMed

Lin, Yan; Fang, Zheng-feng; Che, Lian-qiang; Xu, Sheng-yu; Wu, De; Wu, Cai-mei; Wu, Xiu-qun

2014-01-01

In this study, we evaluated the effect of replacing dietary fiber with sodium butyrate on reproductive performance and antioxidant defense in a high fat diet during pregnancy by using a rat model. Eighty virgin female Sprague Dawley rats were fed one of four diets--(1) control diet (C group), (2) high fat + high fiber diet (HF group), (3) high-fat +5% sodium butyrate diet (SB group), and (4) HF diet + α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (CHC group)--intraperitoneally on days 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 of gestation. SB and dietary fiber had similar effects on improving fetal number and reducing the abortion rate; however, the anti-oxidant capacity of maternal serum, placenta, and fetus was superior in the HF group than in the SB group. In comparison, CHC injection decreased reproductive performance and antioxidant defense. Both dietary fiber (DF) and SB supplementation had a major but different effect on the expression of anti-oxidant related genes and nutrient transporters genes. In summary, our data indicate that SB and DF showed similar effect on reproductive performance, but SB cannot completely replace the DF towards with respect to redox regulation in high-fat diet; and SB might influence offspring metabolism and health differently to DF.

Use of Sodium Butyrate as an Alternative to Dietary Fiber: Effects on the Embryonic Development and Anti-Oxidative Capacity of Rats

PubMed Central

Lin, Yan; Fang, Zheng-feng; Che, Lian-qiang; Xu, Sheng-yu; Wu, De; Wu, Cai-mei; Wu, Xiu-qun

2014-01-01

In this study, we evaluated the effect of replacing dietary fiber with sodium butyrate on reproductive performance and antioxidant defense in a high fat diet during pregnancy by using a rat model. Eighty virgin female Sprague Dawley rats were fed one of four diets—(1) control diet (C group), (2) high fat + high fiber diet (HF group), (3) high-fat +5% sodium butyrate diet (SB group), and (4) HF diet + α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (CHC group)—intraperitoneally on days 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 of gestation. SB and dietary fiber had similar effects on improving fetal number and reducing the abortion rate; however, the anti-oxidant capacity of maternal serum, placenta, and fetus was superior in the HF group than in the SB group. In comparison, CHC injection decreased reproductive performance and antioxidant defense. Both dietary fiber (DF) and SB supplementation had a major but different effect on the expression of anti-oxidant related genes and nutrient transporters genes. In summary, our data indicate that SB and DF showed similar effect on reproductive performance, but SB cannot completely replace the DF towards with respect to redox regulation in high-fat diet; and SB might influence offspring metabolism and health differently to DF. PMID:24852604

75 FR 8272 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Acquisition Strategies To Ensure Competition...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-24

... Competition Throughout the Life Cycle of Major Defense Acquisition Programs AGENCY: Defense Acquisition... subcontract level of the MDAP throughout its life cycle as a means to improve contractor performance; and (2...) throughout the program life cycle as a means to improve contractor performance; and (ii) Document the...

32 CFR 34.41 - Monitoring and reporting program and financial performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... performance. 34.41 Section 34.41 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... and business status, as follows: (1) The program portions of the reports must address progress toward... program progress reported in the periodic report, in relation to reported expenditures, is sufficient to...

32 CFR 34.41 - Monitoring and reporting program and financial performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... performance. 34.41 Section 34.41 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... and business status, as follows: (1) The program portions of the reports must address progress toward... program progress reported in the periodic report, in relation to reported expenditures, is sufficient to...

32 CFR 34.41 - Monitoring and reporting program and financial performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... performance. 34.41 Section 34.41 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... and business status, as follows: (1) The program portions of the reports must address progress toward... program progress reported in the periodic report, in relation to reported expenditures, is sufficient to...

32 CFR 34.41 - Monitoring and reporting program and financial performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... performance. 34.41 Section 34.41 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... and business status, as follows: (1) The program portions of the reports must address progress toward... program progress reported in the periodic report, in relation to reported expenditures, is sufficient to...

76 FR 57980 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-19

... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY... the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review... summary rating of the senior executive's performance, the executive's response, and the higher level...

77 FR 54570 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-05

... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY... the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review.... The PRB shall review and evaluate the initial summary rating of the senior executive's performance...

5 CFR 9901.409 - Monitoring and developing performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Performance Management § 9901.409 Monitoring and developing performance. (a) In applying the requirements of the performance management system and its implementing...

5 CFR 9901.409 - Monitoring and developing performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Performance Management § 9901.409 Monitoring and developing performance. (a) In applying the requirements of the performance management system and its implementing...

48 CFR 219.7106 - Performance reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Performance reviews. 219.7106 Section 219.7106 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... Performance reviews. The Defense Contract Management Agency will conduct annual performance reviews of all...

48 CFR 219.7106 - Performance reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Performance reviews. 219.7106 Section 219.7106 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... Performance reviews. The Defense Contract Management Agency will conduct annual performance reviews of all...

48 CFR 219.7106 - Performance reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Performance reviews. 219.7106 Section 219.7106 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... Performance reviews. The Defense Contract Management Agency will conduct annual performance reviews of all...

48 CFR 219.7106 - Performance reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Performance reviews. 219.7106 Section 219.7106 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... Performance reviews. The Defense Contract Management Agency will conduct annual performance reviews of all...

5 CFR 9901.344 - Other performance payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Pay and Pay Administration Performance-Based Pay § 9901.344 Other... officials may make other performance payments to— (1) Reward extraordinary individual performance, as...

Performance testing of elastomeric seal materials under low and high temperature conditions: Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

BRONOWSKI,DAVID R.

The US Department of Energy Offices of Defense Programs and Civilian Radioactive Waste Management jointly sponsored a program to evaluate elastomeric O-ring seal materials for radioactive material shipping containers. The report presents the results of low- and high-temperature tests conducted on 27 common elastomeric compounds.

32 CFR 169a.19 - Study limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Study limits. 169a.19 Section 169a.19 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.19 Study limits. No DoD funds shall be available to perform any cost...

75 FR 10163 - Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Defense

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-05

... Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Defense By the authority vested in me as President... Department of Defense, in the order listed, shall act as and perform the functions and duties of the office... Officer, Department of Defense; (11) Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition...

32 CFR 169a.19 - Study limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Study limits. 169a.19 Section 169a.19 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.19 Study limits. No DoD funds shall be available to perform any cost...

32 CFR 169a.19 - Study limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Study limits. 169a.19 Section 169a.19 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.19 Study limits. No DoD funds shall be available to perform any cost...

Human Resources Task Group Report Task 3

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-12-18

AND ADDRESS(ES) Defense Business Board,1155 Defense Pentagon,Washington,DC,20301-1155 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING...2002 DEFENSE BUSINESS PRACTICE IMPLEMENTATION BOARD Defense Business Practice Implementation Board Human Resources Task Group...their hiring success and reduced attrition through use of aptitude and motivational testing. Defense Business Practice Implementation Board Human

Modeling of high-fidelity synthetic imagery for defense applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filbee, David R.; Kirk, Albert; Stroud, Colin A.; Hutchings, G.; Ward, T.; Brunnen, D.

2002-08-01

Within the military environment there is a growing interest in the use of synthetic imagery as a method for assessing the performance potential of many assets, such as camouflage systems, ATR/I systems, future sensor systems and the susceptibility of such systems to countermeasures. Field trials are expensive, subject to the vagaries of weather, and cannot be used to design or assess new systems and technologies. The requirements for high fidelity synthetic image simulation differ quite significantly dependent on the application area. The Camouflage Electro-Optic Simulation System (CAMEO-SIM) has been developed as a modular system to deliver 0.4-20 micron2 32-bit physics based synthetic imagery to defense researchers in the UK based on a 3D textured geometric representation of the synthetic environment. The system has been developed to be sufficiently flexible to support a wide range of defense applications requiring synthetic image streams as their inputs. The key difference between the CAMEO-SIM system and commercial image generation systems is that CAMEO-SIM is a first principle simulator working in spectral radiometric space solving the underlying physical equations of radiation transport. This difference underpins the military usefulness of the system and also enables the system to become predictive in nature. Using CAMEO-SIM, the user can examine the effects of changes in input parameters such as time of day, weather, material properties (optical and thermophysical), and wavelength from one set of geometric and textural information to assess the effects on the performance of the defense function being researched. If this goal can be achieved more robust defense function performance, due to larger available training sets or better understanding of the issues at the start of the development, will ensue. This paper outlines the development status of the CAMEO-SIM system and describes the current enhancements undertaken to improve the fidelity and accuracy of the system for more recent defense requirements. The paper also outlines the currently identified areas of development to provide improved capability. The paper also discusses the interaction between the CAMEO-SIM system and the Fidelity Investigation and Reporting Environment (FIRE) system. This enables the modeler to examine early in the modeling process the quality of the textural and geometric information used in the synthetic imagery.

75 FR 56999 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-17

... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY... the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review... performance review boards. The PRB shall review and evaluate the initial summary rating of the senior...

Structural analysis of high-rpm composite propfan blades for a cruise missile wind tunnel model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carek, David A.

1993-01-01

Analyses were performed on a high-speed composite blade set for the Department of Defense Propfan Missile Interactions Project. The final design iteration, which resulted in the CM2D-2 blade design, is described in this report. Mode shapes, integral order excitation, and stress margins were examined. In addition, geometric corrections were performed to compensate for blade deflection under operating conditions with respect to the aerodynamic design shape.

Demonstration and Validation of Two Coat High Performance Coating System for Steel Structures in Corrosive Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

System for Steel Structures in Corrosive Environments Final Report on Project F12-AR06 Co ns tr uc tio n En gi ne er in g R es ea rc h La bo ra...Prevention and Control Program ERDC/CERL TR-16-27 December 2016 Demonstration and Validation of Two-Coat High- Performance Coating System for Steel ...Performance Coating System for Steel Structures in Corrosive Environments” ERDC/CERL TR-16-27 ii Abstract Department of Defense (DoD) installations

Lightweight, High Performance, Low Cost Propulsion Systems for Mars Exploration Missions to Maximize Science Payload

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trinh, H. P.

2012-06-01

Utilization of new cold hypergolic propellants and leverage Missile Defense Agency technology for propulsion systems on Mars explorations will provide an increase of science payload and have significant payoffs and benefits for NASA missions.

32 CFR 86.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN CRIMINAL HISTORY... Overseas. Non-U.S. citizens hired by the Department of Defense for employment on an overseas installation... DoD Installations. A nongovernmental entity authorized by the Department of Defense to perform child...

32 CFR 86.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN CRIMINAL HISTORY... Overseas. Non-U.S. citizens hired by the Department of Defense for employment on an overseas installation... DoD Installations. A nongovernmental entity authorized by the Department of Defense to perform child...

32 CFR 86.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN CRIMINAL HISTORY... Overseas. Non-U.S. citizens hired by the Department of Defense for employment on an overseas installation... DoD Installations. A nongovernmental entity authorized by the Department of Defense to perform child...

76 FR 62046 - Membership of the Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-06

...: Department of Defense (DoD), Defense Finance and Accounting Service. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice... CONTACT: Denise Thornburg, DFAS SES Program Manager, Defense Finance and Accounting Service, Arlington... executives are appointed to the Defense Finance and Accounting Service PRB: Teresa McKay, Richard Gustafson...

32 CFR 15.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose. 15.1 Section 15.1 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS REPORTING RELATIONSHIPS FOR MILITARY COMMISSION PERSONNEL § 15.1 Purpose. This part establishes supervisory and performance evaluation...

32 CFR 18.5 - Relationships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Relationships. 18.5 Section 18.5 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS APPOINTING AUTHORITY FOR MILITARY COMMISSIONS § 18.5 Relationships. (a) In the performance of assigned functions and...

32 CFR 18.5 - Relationships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Relationships. 18.5 Section 18.5 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY COMMISSIONS APPOINTING AUTHORITY FOR MILITARY COMMISSIONS § 18.5 Relationships. (a) In the performance of assigned functions and...

Mood States Associated with Induced Defensiveness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jaderlund, Natasha Slesnick; Waldron, Holly Barrett

1994-01-01

Compared effects of neutral and defensive mood induction in 70 students reporting conflicted versus nonconflicted families for presence of hostility, aggression, fear, anxiety, and sadness. Found that defensive students from high-conflict families reported stronger negative emotions than did neutral high-conflict and defensive low-conflict…

32 CFR 37.210 - To what types of recipients may I award a TIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false To what types of recipients may I award a TIA? 37.210 Section 37.210 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... consortia well suited to building new relationships among performers in the defense and commercial sectors...

32 CFR 37.210 - To what types of recipients may I award a TIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false To what types of recipients may I award a TIA? 37.210 Section 37.210 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... consortia well suited to building new relationships among performers in the defense and commercial sectors...

32 CFR 37.210 - To what types of recipients may I award a TIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false To what types of recipients may I award a TIA? 37.210 Section 37.210 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... consortia well suited to building new relationships among performers in the defense and commercial sectors...

32 CFR 37.210 - To what types of recipients may I award a TIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false To what types of recipients may I award a TIA? 37.210 Section 37.210 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... consortia well suited to building new relationships among performers in the defense and commercial sectors...

32 CFR 37.210 - To what types of recipients may I award a TIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false To what types of recipients may I award a TIA? 37.210 Section 37.210 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD... consortia well suited to building new relationships among performers in the defense and commercial sectors...

32 CFR 352a.6 - Authorities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Authorities. 352a.6 Section 352a.6 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) ORGANIZATIONAL... Components and other Government or Non-Government entities for the effective performance of the DFAS mission...

78 FR 55244 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board; Membership

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-10

... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board... the membership of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Senior Executive Service (SES... rating of a senior executive's performance, the executive's response, and the higher level official's...

The Department of Defense Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) FY 2000

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-04

applications (e.g. drug design, pharmacogenomics, and modeling of cells and organs). DARPA - 6 PHASE I: Develop a high performance database...Army, and particularly the Dismounted Soldier, has need for high -energy, lightweight power sources. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM FCs... efficiently processed fabricated, and tailored to resist high velocity impact and penetration should be developed. PHASE II: Prototype designs from Phase I

32 CFR 32.14 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special award conditions. 32.14 Section 32.14 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is not financially...

32 CFR 32.14 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special award conditions. 32.14 Section 32.14 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is not financially...

32 CFR 32.14 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special award conditions. 32.14 Section 32.14 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is not financially...

32 CFR 32.14 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special award conditions. 32.14 Section 32.14 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is not financially...

32 CFR 32.14 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special award conditions. 32.14 Section 32.14 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is not financially...

49 CFR 33.2 - Priorities and allocations authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... of Homeland Security with respect to all other national defense programs, including civil defense and... 13603 (77 FR 16651, March 16, 2012) delegates the President's authority under section 101 of the Defense... of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, and...

49 CFR 33.2 - Priorities and allocations authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of Homeland Security with respect to all other national defense programs, including civil defense and... 13603 (77 FR 16651, March 16, 2012) delegates the President's authority under section 101 of the Defense... of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, and...

32 CFR 33.50 - Closeout.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Closeout. 33.50 Section 33.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM... performance or progress report. (2) Financial Status Report (SF 269) or Outlay Report and Request for...

77 FR 74177 - Information Collection Requirement; Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Production...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-13

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Acquisition Regulations System [Docket No. DARS 2012-0044-0001..., Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Notice; request for comments regarding a proposed extension of an [[Page... identify any factors that may delay performance. The Government relies on the production progress reports...

32 CFR 33.50 - Closeout.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Closeout. 33.50 Section 33.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM... performance or progress report. (2) Financial Status Report (SF 269) or Outlay Report and Request for...

32 CFR 33.50 - Closeout.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Closeout. 33.50 Section 33.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM... performance or progress report. (2) Financial Status Report (SF 269) or Outlay Report and Request for...

32 CFR 33.50 - Closeout.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Closeout. 33.50 Section 33.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM... performance or progress report. (2) Financial Status Report (SF 269) or Outlay Report and Request for...

32 CFR 33.50 - Closeout.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Closeout. 33.50 Section 33.50 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM... performance or progress report. (2) Financial Status Report (SF 269) or Outlay Report and Request for...

High-Performance Corrosion-Resistant Materials: Iron-Based Amorphous-Metal Thermal-Spray Coatings: SAM HPCRM Program ? FY04 Annual Report ? Rev. 0 - DARPA DSO & DOE OCRWM Co-Sponsored Advanced Materials Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Farmer, J; Haslam, J; Wong, F

2007-09-19

The multi-institutional High Performance Corrosion Resistant Materials (HPCRM) Team is cosponsored by the Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA) Defense Science Office (DSO) and the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM), and has developed new corrosion-resistant, iron-based amorphous metals that can be applied as coatings with advanced thermal spray technology. Two compositions have corrosion resistance superior to wrought nickel-based Alloy C-22 (UNS No. N06022) in very aggressive environments, including concentrated calcium-chloride brines at elevated temperature. Corrosion costs the Department of Defense billions of dollars every year, with an immense quantity of material in various structures undergoingmore » corrosion. For example, in addition to fluid and seawater piping, ballast tanks, and propulsions systems, approximately 345 million square feet of structure aboard naval ships and crafts require costly corrosion control measures. The use of advanced corrosion-resistant materials to prevent the continuous degradation of this massive surface area would be extremely beneficial. The Fe-based corrosion-resistant, amorphous-metal coatings under development may prove of importance for applications on ships. Such coatings could be used as an 'integral drip shield' on spent fuel containers, as well as protective coatings that could be applied over welds, thereby preventing exposure to environments that might cause stress corrosion cracking. In the future, such new high-performance iron-based materials could be substituted for more-expensive nickel-based alloys, thereby enabling a reduction in the $58-billion life cycle cost for the long-term storage of the Nation's spent nuclear fuel by tens of percent.« less

75 FR 62509 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-12

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY: Department of Defense Office of Inspector General. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the appointment of the members of the Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review Board (PRB...

5 CFR 9901.412 - Rating and rewarding performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Performance Management § 9901.412 Rating and rewarding... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Rating and rewarding performance. 9901...

5 CFR 9901.412 - Rating and rewarding performance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Performance Management § 9901.412 Rating and rewarding... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Rating and rewarding performance. 9901...

Association of Ego Defense Mechanisms with Academic Performance, Anxiety and Depression in Medical Students: A Mixed Methods Study.

PubMed

Waqas, Ahmed; Rehman, Abdul; Malik, Aamenah; Muhammad, Umer; Khan, Sarah; Mahmood, Nadia

2015-09-30

 Ego defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that help an individual to prevent anxiety when exposed to a stressful situation. These mechanisms are important in psychiatric practice to assess an individual's personality dynamics, psychopathologies, and modes of coping with stressful situations, and hence, to design appropriate individualized treatment. Our study delineates the relationship of ego defense mechanisms with anxiety, depression, and academic performance of Pakistani medical students.  This cross-sectional study was done at CMH Lahore Medical College and Fatima Memorial Hospital Medical and Dental College, both in Lahore, Pakistan, from December 1, 2014 to January 15, 2015. Convenience sampling was used and only students who agreed to take part in this study were included. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: 1) Demographics, documenting demographic data and academic scores on participants' most recent exams; 2) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and 3) Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40). The data were analyzed with SPSS v. 20. Mean scores and frequencies were calculated for demographic variables and ego defense mechanisms. Bivariate correlations, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were used to identify associations between academic scores, demographics, ego defense mechanisms, anxiety, and depression.  A total of 409 medical students participated, of whom 286 (70%) were females and 123 (30%) were males. Mean percentage score on the most recent exams was 75.6% in medical students. Bivariate correlation revealed a direct association between mature and neurotic ego defense mechanisms and academic performance, and an indirect association between immature mechanisms and academic performance. One-way ANOVA showed that moderate levels of anxiety (P < .05) and low levels of depression (P < .05) were associated with higher academic performance.  There was a significant association between academic performance and ego defense mechanisms, anxiety, and depression levels in our sample of Pakistani medical students.

Association of Ego Defense Mechanisms with Academic Performance, Anxiety and Depression in Medical Students: A Mixed Methods Study

PubMed Central

Waqas, Ahmed; Malik, Aamenah; Muhammad, Umer; Khan, Sarah; Mahmood, Nadia

2015-01-01

Background: Ego defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that help an individual to prevent anxiety when exposed to a stressful situation. These mechanisms are important in psychiatric practice to assess an individual’s personality dynamics, psychopathologies, and modes of coping with stressful situations, and hence, to design appropriate individualized treatment. Our study delineates the relationship of ego defense mechanisms with anxiety, depression, and academic performance of Pakistani medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at CMH Lahore Medical College and Fatima Memorial Hospital Medical and Dental College, both in Lahore, Pakistan, from December 1, 2014 to January 15, 2015. Convenience sampling was used and only students who agreed to take part in this study were included. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: 1) Demographics, documenting demographic data and academic scores on participants’ most recent exams; 2) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and 3) Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40). The data were analyzed with SPSS v. 20. Mean scores and frequencies were calculated for demographic variables and ego defense mechanisms. Bivariate correlations, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were used to identify associations between academic scores, demographics, ego defense mechanisms, anxiety, and depression. Results: A total of 409 medical students participated, of whom 286 (70%) were females and 123 (30%) were males. Mean percentage score on the most recent exams was 75.6% in medical students. Bivariate correlation revealed a direct association between mature and neurotic ego defense mechanisms and academic performance, and an indirect association between immature mechanisms and academic performance. One-way ANOVA showed that moderate levels of anxiety (P < .05) and low levels of depression (P < .05) were associated with higher academic performance. Conclusion: There was a significant association between academic performance and ego defense mechanisms, anxiety, and depression levels in our sample of Pakistani medical students. PMID:26543695

A 3D-PIV System for Gas Turbine Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acharya, Sumanta

2002-08-01

Funds were received in April 2001 under the Department of Defense DURIP program for construction of a 48 processor high performance computing cluster. This report details the hardware, which was purchased, and how it has been used to enable and enhance research activities directly supported by, and of interest to, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Department of Defense. The report is divided into two major sections. The first section after the summary describes the computer cluster, its setup, and some cluster hardware, and presents highlights of those efforts since installation of the cluster.

Dual use application of killer app FHE products for Mil/Aero

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hackler, R. Douglas

2016-05-01

The flexible electronics industry has adopted flexible hybrid electronic (FHE) systems as a go to market strategy. High volume products are emerging for body worn bio patches, conformal structural appliques and smart labels. These products were principally developed for volume consumer and industrial market solutions but are directly applicable to advanced defense systems. This article highlights the state of the art for bio patch, conformal and smart FHE products and identifies their dual use capability for defense systems. A discussion of the manufacturing base for FHE products is presented and current experimental prototype results and performance are shared.

76 FR 52133 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Contractors Performing Private Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-19

... 0750-AH28 Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Contractors Performing Private Security..., entitled ``Contractors Performing Private Security Functions in Areas of Combat Operations or Other... of DoD and other Governmental private security contractors. A clause to cover the interagency...

Effects of anxiety on the execution of police arrest and self-defense skills.

PubMed

Renden, Peter G; Landman, Annemarie; Geerts, Suzanne F; Jansen, Sander E M; Faber, Gert S; Savelsbergh, Geert J P; Oudejans, Raôul R D

2014-01-01

We investigated the effects of anxiety on the execution of police officers' arrest and self-defense skills. Police officers (n=13) performed three tasks in which they kicked, blocked, or restrained an opponent who attacked them with a rubber knife (low anxiety, LA) or a shock knife (high anxiety, HA) in a within-subject design. We analyzed performance (on a 5-point Likert scale), movement times, posture, and movement velocity and acceleration. Results revealed that performance was worse in the HA compared to the LA condition. Furthermore, analysis of full-body movement showed that under increased anxiety, police officers' performance contained characteristics of avoidance behavior, such as faster reactions (to reduce the time being exposed to the threat), leaning further backward (kick), and ducking down (block). In line with recent theoretical developments, it appears that under increased anxiety, police officers were less able to inhibit stimulus-driven processing (fear of getting hit) and enforce goal-directed processing (perform the skill as well as possible) leading to avoidance behavior and a decrease in performance.

DefenseLink.mil - Special Report - Travels With Gates

Science.gov Websites

of Estonia Estonia Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates holds a press conference after the Tallinn High . Sgt. Jerry Morrison Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates holds a press conference after the Tallinn High . Sgt. Jerry Morrison Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates walks with the Prime Minister of Estonia Andrus

Defense Planning In A Time Of Conflict: A Comparative Analysis Of The 2001-2014 Quadrennial Defense Reviews, And Implications For The Army--Executive Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-01

Defense Planning in a Time of Conflict A Comparative Analysis of the 2001– 2014 Quadrennial Defense Reviews, and Implications for...The purpose of the project was to perform a comparative historical review of the four Quadrennial Defense Reviews (QDRs) conducted since the first...Planning in a Time of Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of the 2001–2014 Quadrennial Defense Reviews, and Implications for the Army—that documented

32 CFR 34.4 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special award conditions. 34.4 Section 34.4 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... those provided in this part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is...

32 CFR 34.4 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special award conditions. 34.4 Section 34.4 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... those provided in this part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is...

32 CFR 34.4 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special award conditions. 34.4 Section 34.4 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... those provided in this part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is...

32 CFR 34.4 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special award conditions. 34.4 Section 34.4 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... those provided in this part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is...

32 CFR 34.4 - Special award conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special award conditions. 34.4 Section 34.4 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT... those provided in this part, if an applicant or recipient: (1) Has a history of poor performance; (2) Is...

32 CFR Enclosure - Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail Enclosure National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE OF READY RESERVE OBLIGATION Definitions. Pt. 100, Encl. Enclosure—Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service b...

32 CFR Enclosure - Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail Enclosure National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE OF READY RESERVE OBLIGATION Definitions. Pt. 100, Encl. Enclosure—Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service b...

32 CFR Enclosure - Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service by Mail Enclosure National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE OF READY RESERVE OBLIGATION Definitions. Pt. 100, Encl. Enclosure—Suggested Format, Affidavit of Service b...

48 CFR 252.225-7040 - Contractor Personnel Supporting U.S. Armed Forces Deployed Outside the United States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS... Directive 3002.01E, Personnel Recovery in the Department of Defense. (o) Mortuary affairs. Contractor... Commander or as directed by the Secretary of Defense. (2) Contract performance in support of U.S. Armed...

2015 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Reserve Component Members: Tabulations of Responses

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-17

Report 6. AUTHOR(S) DefenseResearch, Surveys,andStatistics Center (RSSC) 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Defense Manpower Data Center...2015 WORKPLACE AND GENDER RELATIONS SURVEY OF RESERVE COMPONENT MEMBERS: TABULATIONS OF RESPONSES Defense Manpower Data Center Defense Research...Surveys, and Statistics Center 4800 Mark Center Drive, Suite 04E25-01, Alexandria, VA 22350-4000 ii DMDC Acknowledgments The Defense Manpower Data

Criminal defense in Chinese courtrooms: an empirical inquiry.

PubMed

Liang, Bin; He, Ni Phil

2014-10-01

Scholars in the field of Chinese criminal procedure law study have long decried the meager legal protection afforded to criminal defendants on trial and the hapless status of Chinese criminal defense attorneys in the courtroom. Unfortunately, very little empirical evidence was available to shed light on how criminal defense was carried out in Chinese courtrooms. Based on observations of 325 actual criminal trials from 55 District People's Courts in J province, this study provides an opportunity to understand the mundane work performed by Chinese criminal defense attorneys. In particular, this study describes how criminal defense attorneys prepare and present their cases (as measured in terms of bail request, overall trial preparation, examination of defendants and witnesses, presentation of evidence, and overall defense strategy), and analyzes the outcomes of their performance. In addition, this study examines the discernible impact of criminal defense work due to types of legal representation utilized (legal aid vs. privately retained attorneys), numbers of attorneys representing the client, and the gender composition of the attorneys. © The Author(s) 2013.

76 FR 64902 - Membership of the Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-19

...: Defense Information Systems Agency, Department of Defense. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces... Systems Agency (DISA). The publication of PRB membership is required by 5 U.S.C. 4314(c)(4). The... appraisals and makes recommendations regarding performance ratings and performance scores to the Director...

Extended Range Intercept Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

particle size other than Freon class fluids. The requirements for a solvent used in grinding ammonium perchlorate to a one micron particle size are high...demonstrate a preprototype missile and launch control systems technology for tactical missile defense applications, including performance ...these two flights would be to verify flight performance and stability of the basic air frame and control system design (LTV Missiles and 1 -2 wp«-2a

Induced plant-defenses suppress herbivore reproduction but also constrain predation of their offspring.

PubMed

Ataide, Livia M S; Pappas, Maria L; Schimmel, Bernardus C J; Lopez-Orenes, Antonio; Alba, Juan M; Duarte, Marcus V A; Pallini, Angelo; Schuurink, Robert C; Kant, Merijn R

2016-11-01

Inducible anti-herbivore defenses in plants are predominantly regulated by jasmonic acid (JA). On tomato plants, most genotypes of the herbivorous generalist spider mite Tetranychus urticae induce JA defenses and perform poorly on it, whereas the Solanaceae specialist Tetranychus evansi, who suppresses JA defenses, performs well on it. We asked to which extent these spider mites and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes preying on these spider mites eggs are affected by induced JA-defenses. By artificially inducing the JA-response of the tomato JA-biosynthesis mutant def-1 using exogenous JA and isoleucine (Ile), we first established the relationship between endogenous JA-Ile-levels and the reproductive performance of spider mites. For both mite species we observed that they produced more eggs when levels of JA-Ile were low. Subsequently, we allowed predatory mites to prey on spider mite-eggs derived from wild-type tomato plants, def-1 and JA-Ile-treated def-1 and observed that they preferred, and consumed more, eggs produced on tomato plants with weak JA defenses. However, predatory mite oviposition was similar across treatments. Our results show that induced JA-responses negatively affect spider mite performance, but positively affect the survival of their offspring by constraining egg-predation. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

5 CFR 9901.104 - Scope of authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....104 Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY... with performance appraisal systems; (b) Chapter 51, dealing with General Schedule job classification...

32 CFR 33.12 - Special grant or subgrant conditions for “high-risk” grantees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special grant or subgrant conditions for âhigh-riskâ grantees. 33.12 Section 33.12 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE...

32 CFR 33.12 - Special grant or subgrant conditions for “high-risk” grantees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special grant or subgrant conditions for âhigh-riskâ grantees. 33.12 Section 33.12 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE...

32 CFR 33.12 - Special grant or subgrant conditions for “high-risk” grantees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special grant or subgrant conditions for âhigh-riskâ grantees. 33.12 Section 33.12 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE...

32 CFR 33.12 - Special grant or subgrant conditions for “high-risk” grantees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special grant or subgrant conditions for âhigh-riskâ grantees. 33.12 Section 33.12 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE...

32 CFR 33.12 - Special grant or subgrant conditions for “high-risk” grantees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special grant or subgrant conditions for âhigh-riskâ grantees. 33.12 Section 33.12 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE...

Streamlining Administrative Procedures at the Defense Language Institute: The Strategic Impact Model in Action

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oded, Yaniv; Su, Bude

2010-01-01

Performance at the Defense Language Institute was examined through the prism of human performance technology and the strategic impact model. This examination revealed performance deficiencies in the administrative realm that required mainly a noninstructional intervention. A systematic analysis showed that digitizing administrative procedures…

Self-Affirmation Theory and Performance Feedback: When Scoring High Makes You Feel Low.

PubMed

Velez, John A; Hanus, Michael D

2016-12-01

Video games have a wide variety of benefits for players. The current study examines how video games can also increase players' willingness to internalize important but threatening self-information. Research suggests that negative information regarding a valued self-image evokes defensive strategies aimed at dismissing or discrediting the source of information. Self-Affirmation Theory proposes that affirming or bolstering an important self-image unrelated to the previous threat can be an effective strategy for reducing defensiveness. Participants in the current study completed a fictitious intelligence test and received negative or no feedback, followed by 15 minutes of video game play that resulted in positive or no feedback. Results suggest that participants who valued video game success as part of their identity exhibited less defensive strategies in the form of increased test credibility ratings and lower self-perceptions of intelligence. This suggests that performing well on a video game is an affirmational resource for players whose identities are contingent upon such success. However, results also indicate that players who did not value video game success but received positive video game feedback exhibited more defensive reactions to the negative intelligence test feedback. This suggests that while players who value video game success as part of their identity may reap benefits from video game play after a self-threat, those who do not value such success may experience more harmful effects.

Behavioral Strategies of Phorid Parasitoids and Responses of Their Hosts, the Leaf-Cutting Ants

PubMed Central

Elizalde, Luciana; Folgarait, Patricia Julia

2012-01-01

Host-searching and oviposition behaviors of parasitoids, and defensive responses of the hosts, are fundamental in shaping the ecology of host-parasitoid interactions. In order to uncover key behavioral features for the little known interactions between phorid parasitoids (Diptera: Phoridae) and their leaf-cutting ant hosts (Formicidae: Attini), host-related behavioral strategies (i.e., host searching and oviposition) for 13 phorid species, and host defensive responses (i.e., hitchhikers and particular body postures) for 11 ant species, were studied. Data was collected at 14 localities, one of them characterized by its high species richness for this host-parasitoid system. Phorid species showed both great variation and specificity in attacking behaviors. Some chose their hosts using either an ambush or an actively searching strategy, while some species attacked ants on different body parts, and specialized on ants performing different tasks, such as when ants were foraging, removing wastes to refuse piles, or repairing the nest. Combining all the behaviors recorded, most phorid species differed in performance in at least one, making it possible to recognize species in the field through their behavior. Phorid species that attacked hosts with greater activity levels showed overall higher attack rates, although there was no significant correlation between attack rates by most phorid species and ant activity outside the nest while parasitoids were attacking. The presence of phorids was a significant determinant for the presence of defensive behaviors by the ants. Although ant species varied in the incidence levels of these defensive behaviors, most ant species reacted against different phorids by utilizing similar behaviors, in contrast to what parasitoids do. General features of the observed phorid-ant interactions were parasitoid specialization and corresponding high interspecific variation in their behaviors, while their hosts showed generalized responses to attacks with high intraspecific variation. Behavioral patterns as well as specific features of these ant-parasitoid interactions are described, and their ecological importance discussed. PMID:23448343

76 FR 70649 - Safety Zone; Department of Defense Exercise, Hood Canal, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-15

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Department of Defense Exercise, Hood Canal, WA AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... involved in a Department of Defense exercise in Hood Canal, WA that will take place on November 21, 2011. A... would end. These Department of Defense (DOD) vessels have an important and urgent need to perform this...

48 CFR 52.225-19 - Contractor Personnel in a Designated Operational Area or Supporting a Diplomatic or Consular...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... are only authorized to use deadly force in self-defense. (ii) Contractor personnel performing security... Department of Defense, or the contract relates to supporting the mission of the Department of Defense outside... Defense has primary responsibility for recovering DoD contract service employees and, when requested, will...

48 CFR 52.225-19 - Contractor Personnel in a Designated Operational Area or Supporting a Diplomatic or Consular...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... are only authorized to use deadly force in self-defense. (ii) Contractor personnel performing security... Department of Defense, or the contract relates to supporting the mission of the Department of Defense outside... Defense has primary responsibility for recovering DoD contract service employees and, when requested, will...

48 CFR 52.225-19 - Contractor Personnel in a Designated Operational Area or Supporting a Diplomatic or Consular...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... are only authorized to use deadly force in self-defense. (ii) Contractor personnel performing security... Department of Defense, or the contract relates to supporting the mission of the Department of Defense outside... Defense has primary responsibility for recovering DoD contract service employees and, when requested, will...

An Investigation of Possible Discriminating Earned Value Variables in Department of Defense Major Acquisition Program Cancellation

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

distribution is unlimited 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE A 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) Some major defense acquisition programs (MDAPs) are cancelled...68 VI. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION .....................73 A . OVERVIEW...Contract Performance Report C /SCSC Cost/Schedule Control Systems Criteria CV Cost Variance CV % Cost Variance Percentage DAE Defense Acquisition

Resource allocation in Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae): how supra-annual fruiting affects plant traits and herbivory?

PubMed

da Costa, Fernanda Vieira; de Queiroz, Antônio César Medeiros; Maia, Maria Luiza Bicalho; Júnior, Ronaldo Reis; Fagundes, Marcilio

2016-06-01

Plants have limited resources to invest in reproduction, vegetative growth and defense against herbivorous. Trade-off in resources allocation promotes changes in plant traits that may affect higher trophic levels. In this study, we evaluated the trade-off effect between years of high and low fruiting on the investment of resources for growth and defense, and their indirect effects on herbivory in Copaifera langsdorffii. Our questions were: (i) does the resource investment on reproduction causes a depletion in vegetative growth as predicted by the Carbon/Nutrient Balance hypothesis (CNBH), resulting in more availability of resources to be allocated for defense?, (ii) does the variation in resource allocation for growth and defense between years of high and low fruiting leads to indirect changes in herbivory? Thirty-five trees located in a Cerrado area were monitored during 2008 (year of high fruiting) and 2009 (year of no fruiting) to evaluate the differential investment in vegetative traits (biomass, growth and number of ramifications), plant defense (tannin concentration and plant hypersensitivity) and herbivory (galling attack and folivory). According to our first question, we observed that in the fruiting year, woody biomass negatively affected tannin concentration, indicating that fruit production restricted the resources that could be invested both in growth as in defense. In the same way, we observed an inter-annual variation in herbivorous attack, and found that plants with higher leaf biomass and tannin concentration, experienced higher galling attack and hypersensitive reaction, regardless years. These findings suggested that plants’ resistance to herbivory is a good proxy of plant defense and an effective defense strategy for C. langsdorffii, besides the evidence of indirect responses of the third trophic level, as postulated by the second question. In summary, the supra-annual fruiting pattern promoted several changes on plant development, demonstrating the importance of evaluating different plant traits when characterizing the vegetative investment. As expected by theory, the trade-off in resource allocation favored changes in defense compounds production and patterns of herbivory. The understanding of this important element of insect-plant interactions will be fundamental to decipher coevolutionary life histories and interactions between plant species reproduction and herbivory. Besides that, only through long-term studies we will be able to build models and develop more accurate forecasts about the factors that trigger the bottom-up effect on herbivory performance, as well the top-down effect of herbivores on plant trait evolution.

5 CFR 9901.401 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... between the performance management system and DoD's strategic plan; (4) A means for ensuring employee... Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM...

5 CFR 9901.401 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... between the performance management system and DoD's strategic plan; (4) A means for ensuring employee... Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM...

5 CFR 9901.404 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Performance Management § 9901.404 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal means the review and...

5 CFR 9901.413 - Reconsideration of ratings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Section 9901.413 Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Performance Management § 9901.413 Reconsideration of ratings. (a...

Human performance modeling for system of systems analytics :soldier fatigue.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lawton, Craig R.; Campbell, James E.; Miller, Dwight Peter

2005-10-01

The military has identified Human Performance Modeling (HPM) as a significant requirement and challenge of future systems modeling and analysis initiatives as can be seen in the Department of Defense's (DoD) Defense Modeling and Simulation Office's (DMSO) Master Plan (DoD 5000.59-P 1995). To this goal, the military is currently spending millions of dollars on programs devoted to HPM in various military contexts. Examples include the Human Performance Modeling Integration (HPMI) program within the Air Force Research Laboratory, which focuses on integrating HPMs with constructive models of systems (e.g. cockpit simulations) and the Navy's Human Performance Center (HPC) established in Septembermore » 2003. Nearly all of these initiatives focus on the interface between humans and a single system. This is insufficient in the era of highly complex network centric SoS. This report presents research and development in the area of HPM in a system-of-systems (SoS). Specifically, this report addresses modeling soldier fatigue and the potential impacts soldier fatigue can have on SoS performance.« less

Defense Technology Security Administration Strategic Plan 2009-2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-22

NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Defense Technology Security Administration ( DTSA ),Washington,DC 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION...Security Administration This document is unclassifi ed in its entirety. Photography courtesy of Defense Link and DTSA . Document printed 2009. DTSA ...STRATEGIC PLAN 2009-2010 C O N T E N T S Message from the Director 2 Envisioning 2010 3 Our Way Ahead 5 We Are DTSA 18 Metrics Matrix 24 DTSA

The Patriot Experience in the Gulf War -- Implications for Today

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, George

2001-04-01

As the U.S. moves towards deployment of a National Missile Defense system, it is useful to review our only actual experience with ballistic missile defense the use of the Patriot air defense system against Iraqi Scuds in the 1991 Gulf War. During and immediately after the end of the War, the U.S. Army claimed that Patriot was 96the Scuds. As criticisms of the Army’s assessment were raised, this claim was gradually reduced -- until by April 1992 it was at 61Essentially all of the data used in the Army’s assessment, even the outcome of individual engagements (which were released during the war), are now classified. However, independent analysis of Patriot’s performance using news media videos and other publicly available data shows conclusively that Patriot’s performance was very poor -- that it destroyed very few, and most likely no, Scud warheads. Although this analysis was criticized by Patriot supporters, a review by a panel appointed by the APS Panel on Physics and Public Affairs found no flaws in this analysis and rejected the arguments of its critics. This talk will discuss the publicly available video evidence and show how it can be used to assess the outcome of individual Patriot-Scud engagements. It will then summarize the results of analyzing all of the data, which show that Patriot was ineffective. It will next discuss how the U.S. Army reached its assessed success rate of 61this assessment was based on an incorrect methodology that would give a high success rate even if the actual success rate was zero. Finally, it will discuss why the performance of Patriot in the Gulf War is relevant today and what lessons we can draw from it with regard to current missile defense programs, and the National Missile Defense program in particular.

When do ego threats lead to self-regulation failure? Negative consequences of defensive high self-esteem.

PubMed

Lambird, Kathleen Hoffman; Mann, Traci

2006-09-01

High self-esteem (HSE) is increasingly recognized as heterogeneous. By measuring subtypes of HSE, the present research reevaluates the finding that HSE individuals show poor self-regulation following ego threat (Baumeister, Heatherton, & Tice, 1993). In Experiment 1, participants with HSE showed poor self-regulation after ego threat only if they also were defensive (high in self-presentation bias). In Experiment 2, two measures--self-presentation bias and implicit self-esteem--were used to subtype HSE individuals as defensive. Both operationalizations of defensive HSE predicted poor self-regulation after ego threat. The results indicate that (a) only defensive HSE individuals are prone to self-regulation failure following ego threat and (b) measures of self-presentation bias and implicit self-esteem can both be used to detect defensiveness.

32 CFR 37.895 - How is the final performance report to be sent to the Defense Technical Information Center?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS Award Terms Related to Other Administrative Matters Financial and Programmatic Reporting § 37.895...

Defense Financial and Investment Review. Appendix 3. Financial Community Perceptions of the Defense Industry: 1985,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-01

customer. The interviewed executives believe these considerations are a major cause for the rather low esteem in which the investing public holds defense...RD-RI58 246 DEFENSE FINANCIAL AND INVESTMENT REVIEN APPENDIX 3 FINRNCIAL COMMUNITY PE.. (U) LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT INST BETHESDA MD P J DAVEY ET RL... INVESTMENT REVIEW, APPENDIX 3; Financial Community Perceptions Of The Defense Industry: 1985 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(e) 8. CONTRACT

An Evaluation of Semianalytical Satellite Theory against Long Arcs of Real Data for Highly Eccentric Orbits.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-01

for highly eccentric orbits . The real data is in the form of North American Defense Command (NORAD) element sets and actual observa- tions. Data are...the performance of the Semianalytical Satellite Theory for high eccentricity orbits . When elements sets were used as inputs to the DC, comparisons...Operational Orbit Elements ...................... 54 2.* NSSC 9829 Element Set Edits.................. .. .......... . 55 3. Force Models Used for NSSC

Advanced Airborne Defensive Laser for Incorporation on Strike Fighter Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

Systems within the Pod The Cyclops pod contains several systems working together to perform the high - level functions. The status of these systems must be...by the aircraft is limited, and Cyclops power requirements are high . commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Ram Air Turbines are available and are...Supply Subsystem The Cyclops pod must generate its own power due to lack of available power from the aircraft; therefore, the Power supply has high

Design of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics for Improved Performance

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-28

e.g., grain boundary chemistry or change in impurity concentrations) or physical (e.g., residual stress) effects. 600 co 500 a. oi400 c CD i...SA037 Effects of oxygen content on the properties of supcr-high-teiiiperature resistant Si-AI- C fibers D.f. Zhao (National University of Defense...of Technology, China) 15:05 S A034 Oxyacetylene ablation behavior of carbon fibers reinforced carbon matrix and ultra-high temperature

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report. Volume 21, Number 9

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

of those injuries. Among active component service members in the Department of Defense, fractures account for as high as 40% of injury-associated...at high risk of developing stress fractures and can therefore be placed on a special fi tness regimen.13 Evidence also suggests that both increasing...stress fractures.14,15 Encouraging physical conditioning prior to entering basic train- ing, and performing a 5-minute step test to identify high -risk

75 FR 5287 - Federal Advisory Committee; Advisory Panel on Department of Defense Capabilities for Support of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-02

...Pursuant to section 1082 of Public Law 110-181 (122 Stat. 337), the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972, (5 U.S.C., Appendix), the Sunshine in the Government Act of 1976 (5 U.S.C. 552b), and 41 CFR 102-3.65, the Department of Defense established the Advisory Panel on Department of Defense Capabilities for Support of Civil Authorities After Certain Incidents (hereafter referred to as the Panel) on November 14, 2008. The Panel was established to carry out an assessment of the Department's capabilities to provide support to U.S. civil authorities in the event of a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or high-yield explosive incident. While the Panel's mission remains unchanged, section 1034 of Public Law 111-84 added additional tasks to be performed by the Panel: The Department intends to modify the Panel's existing charter to reflect this change directed by Congress.

System Support/Sustainment Plan Platform for the Defense Enterprise Accounting Management System (DEAMS)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

warfighters requirements and identifies system performance short-comings over its life cycle. 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 89 14. SUBJECT TERMS Information...the system performs to warfighters requirements and identifies system performance short-comings over its life cycle. vi...3 II. DEFENSE ACQUISITION LIFE CYCLE CURRENT STAGE ANALYSIS.......5 A. INTRODUCTION

Department of Defense high power laser program guidance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muller, Clifford H.

1994-06-01

The DoD investment of nominally $200 million per year is focused on four high power laser (HPL) concepts: Space-Based Laser (SBL), a Ballistic Missile Defense Organization effort that addresses boost-phase intercept for Theater Missile Defense and National Missile Defense; Airborne Laser (ABL), an Air Force effort that addresses boost-phase intercept for Theater Missile Defense; Ground-Based Laser (GBL), an Air Force effort addressing space control; and Anti-Ship Missile Defense (ASMD), a Navy effort addressing ship-based defense. Each organization is also supporting technology development with the goal of achieving less expensive, brighter, and lighter high power laser systems. These activities represent the building blocks of the DoD program to exploit the compelling characteristics of the high power laser. Even though DoD's HPL program are focused and moderately strong, additional emphasis in a few technical areas could help reduce risk in these programs. In addition, a number of options are available for continuing to use the High-Energy Laser System Test Facility (HELSTF) at White Sands Missile Range. This report provides a brief overview and guidance for the five efforts which comprise the DoD HPL program (SBL, ABL, GBL, ASMD, HELSTF).

Turbulence Model Effects on Cold-Gas Lateral Jet Interaction in a Supersonic Crossflow

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

performance computing time from the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing Modernization program at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory... time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the...thanks Dr. Ross Chaplin , Defence Science Technology Laboratory, United Kingdom (UK), and Dr. David MacManus and Robert Christie, Cranfield University, UK

5 CFR 9901.405 - Performance management system requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Performance management system requirements. 9901.405 Section 9901.405 Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF...

An Empirical Assessment of Defense Contractor Risk 1976-1984.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

Model to evaluate the. Department of Defense contract pricing , financing, and profit policies . ’ D*’ ’ *NTV D? 7A’:: TA E *A l ..... -:- A-i SN 0102...defense con- tractor risk-return relationship is performed utilizing four methods: mean-variance analysis of rate of return, the Capital Asset Pricing Model ...relationship is performed utilizing four methods: mean- variance analysis of rate of return, the Capital Asset Pricing Model , mean-variance analysis of total

Ballistic Missile Defense: National Security and the High Frontier of Space.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adragna, Steven P.

1985-01-01

Ballistic missile defense is discussed, and the rationale behind the proposal to place defensive weapons in space is examined. Strategic defense is a national security, political, and moral imperative. (RM)

5 CFR 9901.342 - Performance payouts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9901.342 Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY... appropriate, management may establish one or more subsets of a pay pool population (i.e., sub pay pools) for...

Defense Science Board Task Force Report on Cyber Defense Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

manage cyber security is often a verymanual and labor intensive process. When a crisis hits, DoD responses range from highly automatedand instrumented...DSB Task Force Report on Cyber Defense Management September 2016 (U) This page intentionally blank REPORT OF THE DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD STUDY ON Cyber ...DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION, TECHNOLOGY & LOGISTICS SUBJECT: Final Report of the Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force on Cyber Defense Management I am

Biochemical basis of improvement of defense in tomato plant against Fusarium wilt by CaCl2.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Nilanjan; Chandra, Swarnendu; Acharya, Krishnendu

2017-07-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), as potential elicitor, on tomato plants against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici . Foliar application of CaCl 2 showed significant reduction of wilt incidence after challenge inoculation. Increased production of defense and antioxidant enzymes was observed in elicitor treated sets over control. Simultaneously, altered amount of phenolic acids were analyzed spectrophotometrically and by using high performance liquid chromatography. Significant induction of defense-related genes expressions was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Greater lignifications by microscopic analysis were also recorded in elicitor treated plants. Simultaneously, generation of nitric oxide (NO) in elicitor treated plants was confirmed by spectrophotometrically and microscopically by using membrane permeable fluorescent dye. Furthermore, plants treated with potential NO donor and NO modulators showed significant alteration of all those aforesaid defense molecules. Transcript analysis of nitrate reductase and calmodulin gene showed positive correlation with elicitor treatment. Furthermore, CaCl 2 treatment showed greater seedling vigor index, mean trichome density etc. The result suggests that CaCl 2 have tremendous potential to elicit defense responses as well as plant growth in co-relation with NO, which ultimately leads to resistance against the wilt pathogen.

Quantitative proteomics of the human skin secretome reveal a reduction in immune defense mediators in ectodermal dysplasia patients.

PubMed

Burian, Marc; Velic, Ana; Matic, Katarina; Günther, Stephanie; Kraft, Beatrice; Gonser, Lena; Forchhammer, Stephan; Tiffert, Yvonne; Naumer, Christian; Krohn, Michael; Berneburg, Mark; Yazdi, Amir S; Maček, Boris; Schittek, Birgit

2015-03-01

In healthy human skin host defense molecules such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) contribute to skin immune homeostasis. In patients with the congenital disease ectodermal dysplasia (ED) skin integrity is disturbed and as a result patients have recurrent skin infections. The disease is characterized by developmental abnormalities of ectodermal derivatives and absent or reduced sweating. We hypothesized that ED patients have a reduced skin immune defense because of the reduced ability to sweat. Therefore, we performed a label-free quantitative proteome analysis of wash solution of human skin from ED patients or healthy individuals. A clear-cut difference between both cohorts could be observed in cellular processes related to immunity and host defense. In line with the extensive underrepresentation of proteins of the immune system, dermcidin, a sweat-derived AMP, was reduced in its abundance in the skin secretome of ED patients. In contrast, proteins involved in metabolic/catabolic and biosynthetic processes were enriched in the skin secretome of ED patients. In summary, our proteome profiling provides insights into the actual situation of healthy versus diseased skin. The systematic reduction in immune system and defense-related proteins may contribute to the high susceptibility of ED patients to skin infections and altered skin colonization.

The group dynamics of women's self-defense training.

PubMed

Brecklin, Leanne R; Middendorf, Rena K

2014-03-01

The current study examines the role of group interaction in a women's self-defense class. Study methods included individual interviews with women who had completed a college-based women-only self-defense course as well as supplemental observation of group behavior during a mock "attack" simulation class. The unique relationship that develops among women's self-defense classmates seems to improve overall learning and performance due to the group collaboration and vicarious experiences. Results demonstrated that women's self-defense courses offer participants a beneficial and supportive group atmosphere.

Issues With Access to Acquisition Data and Information in the Department of Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

both procurement and operations), technical performance, contracts and contractor performance, and program decision memo- randa. These data are...the cost of weapon systems (both procurement and operations), techni- cal performance, contracts and contractor performance, and program decision...and tracking sensitive data, and 19 percent have no method at all (Trustwave, 2014, p. 4; Kerner, 2014). U.S. defense contractors face similar

Joint Logistics Commanders Guide for the Management of Multinational Program,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

purchase of the A-300 Airbus and the 1977 record-breaking export performance of the French and UK aerospace industries of around $5 billion and $2 billion...DIS. They are the Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office ( DISCO ), the Defense Industrial Security Institute (DISI), and the Office of Industrial...Security International (ISI). Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office ( DISCO ) The Defense Industrial Security Program (DISP) establishes pro

Health Care Provided by Military Treatment Facilities to Contractors in Southwest Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-04

UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Department of Defense Inspector General,ODIG-AUD,400 Army Navy Drive,Arlington,VA...Department of Defense Inspector General 400 Army Navy Drive (Room 801) Arlington, VA 22202-4704 Acronyms ASD(HA...Central Command USD(AT&L) Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics) INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 400 ARMY NAVY

New Opportunities of Low-Cost Photogrammetry for Culture Heritage Preservation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shults, R.

2017-05-01

In the paper, the questions of using the technologies of low-cost photogrammetry in combination with the additional capabilities of modern smartphones are considered. The research was carried out on the example of documenting the historical construction of the II World War - the Kiev Fortified Region. Brief historical information about the object of research is given. The possibilities of using modern smartphones as measuring instruments are considered. To get high-quality results, the camera of the smartphone was calibrated. The calibration results were used in the future to perform 3D modeling of defense facilities. Photographing of three defense structures in a different state: destroyed, partially destroyed and operating was carried out. Based on the results of photography using code targets, 3D object models were constructed. To verify the accuracy of the 3D modelling, control measurements of the lines between the code targets at the objects were performed. The obtained results are satisfying, and the technology considered in the paper can be recommended for use in performing archaeological and historical studies.

32 CFR 632.6 - Administrative instructions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Administrative instructions. 632.6 Section 632.6 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) LAW ENFORCEMENT AND..., or US military prisoners' guard duties will, before performing these duties— (1) Receive instructions...

Structured terror: further exploring the effects of mortality salience and personal need for structure on worldview defense.

PubMed

Juhl, Jacob; Routledge, Clay

2010-06-01

Previous research indicates that people respond to heightened death-related cognition with increased defense of predominant cultural beliefs (cultural worldview defense). However, recent research indicates that individual differences in personal need for structure (PNS) impact responses to threatening thoughts of death such that those high, but not low, in PNS respond to death thoughts by seeking a highly structured, clear, and coherent view of the world. Research has yet to fully consider the extent to which PNS affects the cultural worldview defenses typically exhibited after death is rendered salient. The current 3 studies examine the potential for PNS to determine the extent to which people respond to mortality salience with increased worldview defense. In all three studies PNS was measured and mortality salience induced. Subsequently, university-related (Study 1) or religious (Studies 2 and 3) worldview defense was assessed. Only individuals high in PNS responded to mortality salience with increased worldview defense.

2014 Service Academy Gender Relations Survey: Statistical Methodology Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-12

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS( ESl 8 . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Defense Manpower Data Center REPORT NUMBER Defense Research, Surveys, and...AGENCY NAME($) AND ADDRESS( ESl 10 . SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office (SAPRO) 4800 Mark Center Drive, Suite

Scalable Emergency Response System for Oceangoing Assets. Final Summary Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-20

Developed for platform defense of submarines and surface ships at sea and in port, the iRobot High Speed UUV enables rapid transit with respect to a ... high level decontamination, resulting in a return to port Decision Making Option C is to sealift via decontamination vessel contingent, and perform a ...the world aboard a prepared LCAC.48 A high - speed , over- 47 One Marine’s View. Retrieved from http://www.onemarinesview.com/one_marines_view/2006/09

Cyber Defense Management

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

manage cyber security is often a verymanual and labor intensive process. When a crisis hits, DoD responses range from highly automatedand instrumented...DSB Task Force Report on Cyber Defense Management September 2016 (U) This page intentionally blank REPORT OF THE DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD STUDY ON Cyber ...DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION, TECHNOLOGY & LOGISTICS SUBJECT: Final Report of the Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force on Cyber Defense Management I am

Does plant apparency matter? Thirty years of data provide limited support but reveal clear patterns of the effects of plant chemistry on herbivores.

PubMed

Smilanich, Angela M; Fincher, R Malia; Dyer, Lee A

2016-05-01

According to the plant-apparency hypothesis, apparent plants allocate resources to quantitative defenses that negatively affect generalist and specialist herbivores, while unapparent plants invest more in qualitative defenses that negatively affect nonadapted generalists. Although this hypothesis has provided a useful framework for understanding the evolution of plant chemical defense, there are many inconsistencies surrounding associated predictions, and it has been heavily criticized and deemed obsolete. We used a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis model to test whether defenses from apparent and unapparent plants differ in their effects on herbivores. We collected a total of 225 effect sizes from 158 published papers in which the effects of plant chemistry on herbivore performance were reported. As predicted by the plant-apparency hypothesis, we found a prevalence of quantitative defenses in woody plants and qualitative defenses in herbaceous plants. However, the detrimental impacts of qualitative defenses were more effective against specialists than generalists, and the effects of chemical defenses did not significantly differ between specialists and generalists for woody or herbaceous plants. A striking pattern that emerged from our data was a pervasiveness of beneficial effects of secondary metabolites on herbivore performance, especially generalists. This pattern provides evidence that herbivores are evolving effective counteradaptations to putative plant defenses. © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

Monitoring of the Quality of the Defense Contract Audit Agency FY 2010 Audits

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-07

performed by regional audit managers include reviewing high risk assignments and reports prior to their issuance, performing post-issuance reviews, or...brainstorming procedure requires the audit team ( managers , supervisors, and auditors) to discuss the risk of fraud for that engagement and to discuss the risk ...auditors to make inquiries of contractor management of management’s knowledge of fraud risks during its annual planning meeting with major contractors

Effects of Turbulence Model on Prediction of Hot-Gas Lateral Jet Interaction in a Supersonic Crossflow

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

performance computing time from the US Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing Modernization program at the US Army Research Laboratory...Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time ...dimensional, compressible, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved using a finite volume method. A point-implicit time - integration

Mobilization and Defense Management Technical Reports Series. A Framework for Increasing Defense Production by Reducing Perceived Opportunity Costs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-05-01

advertising. Traditionally defense marketing and advertising focused on decision makers within the defense conuunity and Congress. While it appears that...focus may be- starting to change, marketing and advertising remain highly directed and concentrated in defense oriented media. marketing was oriented to

Changes in cytokinins are sufficient to alter developmental patterns of defense metabolites in Nicotiana attenuata

PubMed Central

Brütting, Christoph; Schäfer, Martin; Vanková, Radomira; Gase, Klaus; Baldwin, Ian T.; Meldau, Stefan

2016-01-01

Plant defense metabolites are well-known to be regulated developmentally. The OD theory posits that a tissue’s fitness values and probability of attack should determine defense metabolite allocations. Young leaves are expected to provide a larger fitness-value to the plant and therefore their defense allocations should be higher when compared to older leaves. The mechanisms which coordinate development with defense remain unknown and frequently confound tests of the OD theory predictions. Here we demonstrate that cytokinins modulate ontogeny-dependent defenses in Nicotiana attenuata. We found that leaf cytokinin levels highly correlate with inducible defense expressions with high levels in young and low levels in older leaves. We genetically manipulated the developmental patterns of two different cytokinin classes by using senescence- and chemically-inducible expression of cytokinin biosynthesis genes. Genetically modifying the levels of different cytokinins in leaves was sufficient to alter ontogenic patterns of defense metabolites. We conclude that the developmental regulation of growth hormones that include cytokinins plays central roles in connecting development with defense and therefore in establishing optimal patterns of defense allocation in plants. PMID:27557345

Precipitation affects plant communication and defense.

PubMed

Pezzola, Enrico; Mancuso, Stefano; Karban, Richard

2017-06-01

Anti-herbivore defense shows high levels of both inter- and intraspecific variability. Defending against herbivores may be costly to the plant when it requires a tradeoff in allocation between defense and other missed opportunities, such as reproduction. Indeed, the plastic expression of defensive traits allows the plant to invest resources in defense only when the risk of being damaged actually increases, avoiding wasted resources. Plants may assess risk by responding to volatile cues emitted by neighbors that are under attack. Most plastic responses likely depend on environmental conditions. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of water availability on resistance induced by volatile cues in sagebrush. We found that plants receiving additional water over summer and/or volatile cues from neighbor donor plants showed reduced herbivore damage compared to control plants. Interestingly, we found no evidence of interactions between additional water and volatile cues. We performed an inferential analysis comparing historical records of the levels of herbivore damage during different years that had different temperature and precipitation accumulations. Results confirmed findings from the experiment, as the regression model indicated that sagebrush was better defended during wetter and hotter seasons. Reports from the literature indicated that sagebrush is extremely sensitive to water availability in the soil. We suggest that water availability may directly affect resistance of herbivory as well as sensitivity to cues of damage. Costs and benefits of allocating resources to defensive traits may vary with environmental conditions. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of America.

Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. 2008 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

place to another on the network. Without it, a computer could only talk to itself - no email, no web browsing, and no iTunes . Most of the Internet...Your SecurID Card ), Ken Renard Secure Wireless, Rob Scott and Stephen Bowman Securing Today’s Networks, Rich Whittney, Juniper Networks, Federal

Testing Cadmium-Free Coatings

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-30

Chromium (Cr6+) None Zinc Cr6+ None Zinc Trivalent Chromium Process (TCP) Enseal C22 Zinc Nickel TCP Enseal C22 High Purity Al TCP Enseal C22 Zn-rich two...Secretary of Defense Directive • “Approve the use of alternatives [to hexavalent chromium (Cr6+)] where they can perform adequately for the intended

Complex VLSI Feature Comparison for Commercial Microelectronics Verification

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

69 4.2.4 Circuit E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4.3 Summary...used for high-performance consumer microelectronics. Volume is a significant factor in constraining the technology limit for defense circuits, but it...surveyed in a 2010 Department of Commerce report found counterfeit chips difficult to identify due to improved fabrication quality in overseas counterfeit

78 FR 9405 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Request for Expressions of Interest (EOI) To Perform a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-08

..., 1601-- NEW. SUMMARY: The Department of Homeland Security, Office of Health Affairs Chemical Defense... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Agency Information Collection Activities: Request for Expressions of Interest (EOI) To Perform a Chemical Defense Demonstration Project AGENCY: Office of Health...

48 CFR 237.7002 - Area of performance and distribution of contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Area of performance and distribution of contracts. 237.7002 Section 237.7002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING SERVICE CONTRACTING Mortuary...

Changes in cytokinins are sufficient to alter developmental patterns of defense metabolites in Nicotiana attenuata.

PubMed

Brütting, Christoph; Schäfer, Martin; Vanková, Radomíra; Gase, Klaus; Baldwin, Ian T; Meldau, Stefan

2017-01-01

Plant defense metabolites are well known to be regulated developmentally. The optimal defense (OD) theory posits that a tssue's fitness values and probability of attack should determine defense metabolite allocations. Young leaves are expected to provide a larger fitness value to the plant, and therefore their defense allocations should be higher when compared with older leaves. The mechanisms that coordinate development with defense remain unknown and frequently confound tests of the OD theory predictions. Here we demonstrate that cytokinins (CKs) modulate ontogeny-dependent defenses in Nicotiana attenuata. We found that leaf CK levels highly correlate with inducible defense expressions with high levels in young and low levels in older leaves. We genetically manipulated the developmental patterns of two different CK classes by using senescence- and chemically inducible expression of CK biosynthesis genes. Genetically modifying the levels of different CKs in leaves was sufficient to alter ontogenic patterns of defense metabolites. We conclude that the developmental regulation of growth hormones that include CKs plays central roles in connecting development with defense and therefore in establishing optimal patterns of defense allocation in plants. © 2016 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

15 CFR 701.3 - Applicability and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REPORTING OF OFFSETS AGREEMENTS IN SALES OF WEAPON SYSTEMS OR DEFENSE-RELATED ITEMS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES OR... the sale of defense articles or defense services (as defined in the Arms Export Control Act and... transactions completed in performance of existing offset commitments since January 1, 1993 for which offset...

Failure Is Not an Option: A Root Cause Analysis of Failed Acquisition Programs

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-01

Kendall (2012, 2015). ..................................................................................4 Table 3. Description and Decision Authority...Assessment and Program Evaluation DAE Defense Acquisition Executive DAMIR Defense Acquisition Management Information Retrieval DARPA Defense Advanced...and evaluation OTA other transactions authority PARCA performance assessments and root cause analyses PBD program budget decisions PDR preliminary

Defense Sector Consolidation: Will Consolidation Within the Defense Sector Improve the Financial Performance of Defense Contractors While, Simultaneously Yielding Cost Savings to Taxpayers

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

Treaty USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics WACC Weighted Average Cost of Capital...a present value using the company’s weighted average cost of capital ( WACC ). Synergy: The Premium for Potential Success For the most part

Game Performance Evaluation in Male Goalball Players

PubMed Central

Molik, Bartosz; Morgulec-Adamowicz, Natalia; Kosmol, Andrzej; Perkowski, Krzysztof; Bednarczuk, Grzegorz; Skowroński, Waldemar; Gomez, Miguel Angel; Koc, Krzysztof; Rutkowska, Izabela; Szyman, Robert J

2015-01-01

Goalball is a Paralympic sport exclusively for athletes who are visually impaired and blind. The aims of this study were twofold: to describe game performance of elite male goalball players based upon the degree of visual impairment, and to determine if game performance was related to anthropometric characteristics of elite male goalball players. The study sample consisted of 44 male goalball athletes. A total of 38 games were recorded during the Summer Paralympic Games in London 2012. Observations were reported using the Game Efficiency Sheet for Goalball. Additional anthropometric measurements included body mass (kg), body height (cm), the arm span (cm) and length of the body in the defensive position (cm). The results differentiating both groups showed that the players with total blindness obtained higher means than the players with visual impairment for game indicators such as the sum of defense (p = 0.03) and the sum of good defense (p = 0.04). The players with visual impairment obtained higher results than those with total blindness for attack efficiency (p = 0.04), the sum of penalty defenses (p = 0.01), and fouls (p = 0.01). The study showed that athletes with blindness demonstrated higher game performance in defence. However, athletes with visual impairment presented higher efficiency in offensive actions. The analyses confirmed that body mass, body height, the arm span and length of the body in the defensive position did not differentiate players’ performance at the elite level. PMID:26834872

32 CFR 266.4 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND OTHER NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS § 266.4 Policy. The DoD Components shall rely on and use financial and performance audits performed by non... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Policy. 266.4 Section 266.4 National Defense...

32 CFR 266.4 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND OTHER NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS § 266.4 Policy. The DoD Components shall rely on and use financial and performance audits performed by non... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Policy. 266.4 Section 266.4 National Defense...

32 CFR 266.4 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND OTHER NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS § 266.4 Policy. The DoD Components shall rely on and use financial and performance audits performed by non... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Policy. 266.4 Section 266.4 National Defense...

32 CFR 266.4 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND OTHER NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS § 266.4 Policy. The DoD Components shall rely on and use financial and performance audits performed by non... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Policy. 266.4 Section 266.4 National Defense...

32 CFR 266.4 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND OTHER NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS § 266.4 Policy. The DoD Components shall rely on and use financial and performance audits performed by non... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Policy. 266.4 Section 266.4 National Defense...

29 CFR 801.11 - Exemption for national defense and security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... for national defense and security. (a) The exemptions allowing for the administration of lie detector... detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any counterintelligence function, to any... administration of any lie detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any intelligence or...

29 CFR 801.11 - Exemption for national defense and security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... for national defense and security. (a) The exemptions allowing for the administration of lie detector... detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any counterintelligence function, to any... administration of any lie detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any intelligence or...

29 CFR 801.11 - Exemption for national defense and security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for national defense and security. (a) The exemptions allowing for the administration of lie detector... detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any counterintelligence function, to any... administration of any lie detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any intelligence or...

29 CFR 801.11 - Exemption for national defense and security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... for national defense and security. (a) The exemptions allowing for the administration of lie detector... detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any counterintelligence function, to any... administration of any lie detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any intelligence or...

29 CFR 801.11 - Exemption for national defense and security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... for national defense and security. (a) The exemptions allowing for the administration of lie detector... detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any counterintelligence function, to any... administration of any lie detector test by the Federal Government, in the performance of any intelligence or...

Mathematical defense method of networked servers with controlled remote backups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Song-Kyoo

2006-05-01

The networked server defense model is focused on reliability and availability in security respects. The (remote) backup servers are hooked up by VPN (Virtual Private Network) with high-speed optical network and replace broken main severs immediately. The networked server can be represent as "machines" and then the system deals with main unreliable, spare, and auxiliary spare machine. During vacation periods, when the system performs a mandatory routine maintenance, auxiliary machines are being used for back-ups; the information on the system is naturally delayed. Analog of the N-policy to restrict the usage of auxiliary machines to some reasonable quantity. The results are demonstrated in the network architecture by using the stochastic optimization techniques.

Intraspecific variation among Tetranychid mites for ability to detoxify and to induce plant defenses.

PubMed

Ozawa, Rika; Endo, Hiroki; Iijima, Mei; Sugimoto, Koichi; Takabayashi, Junji; Gotoh, Tetsuo; Arimura, Gen-Ichiro

2017-02-27

Two genotypes coexist among Kanzawa spider mites, one of which causes red scars and the other of which causes white scars on leaves, and they elicit different defense responses in host plants. Based on RNA-Seq analysis, we revealed here that the expression levels of genes involved in the detoxification system were higher in Red strains than White strains. The corresponding enzyme activities as well as performances for acaricide resistance and host adaptation toward Laminaceae were also higher in Red strains than White strains, indicating that Red strains were superior in trait(s) of the detox system. In subsequent generations of strains that had survived exposure to fenpyroximate, both strains showed similar resistance to this acaricide, as well as similar detoxification activities. The endogenous levels of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were increased similarly in bean leaves damaged by original Red strains and their subsequent generations that inherited high detox activity. Jasmonic acid levels were increased in leaves damaged by original White strains, but not by their subsequent generations that inherited high detox activity. Together, these data suggest the existence of intraspecific variation - at least within White strains - with respect to their capacity to withstand acaricides and host plant defenses.

Utilizing an Intelligent Tutoring System in Tactical Action Officer Sandbox

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Office of Naval Research Future Naval Capabilities, the Defense Technology Area Plan from 2005 and the Department of Defense Science and Technology ...LEFT BLANK v ABSTRACT The Office of Naval Research Future Naval Capabilities, the Defense Technology Area Plan from 2005 and the Department...of Defense Science and Technology Priorities for FY13-17 all share a focus on systems to promote warfighter performance. The goal of these systems is

Department of Defense Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT and E): Appropriations Structure

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-13

Task Force on Defense Science and Technology Base for the 21st Century, June 1998. Appropriations Structure of Defense RDT&E Congressional Research...Technology Base for the 21st Century, June 1998. 22 Ibid, p. 45. Appropriations Structure of Defense RDT&E Congressional Research Service 18 Applied...funding streams. Among the many other factors that may affect the effectiveness of the performance of RDT&E are: organizational structures and

The Ecology of Defensive Medicine and Malpractice Litigation

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Using an evolutionary game, we show that patients and physicians can interact with predator-prey relationships. Litigious patients who seek compensation are the ‘predators’ and physicians are their ‘prey’. Physicians can adapt to the risk of being sued by performing defensive medicine. We find that improvements in clinical safety can increase the share of litigious patients and leave unchanged the share of physicians who perform defensive medicine. This paradoxical result is consistent with increasing trends in malpractice claims in spite of safety improvements, observed for example in empirical studies on anesthesiologists. Perfect cooperation with neither defensive nor litigious behaviors can be the Pareto-optimal solution when it is not a Nash equilibrium, so maximizing social welfare may require government intervention. PMID:26982056

Everybody was Kung-Fu fighting-The beneficial effects of Tai Chi Qigong and self-defense Kung-Fu training on psychological and endocrine health in middle aged and older men.

PubMed

Walther, A; Lacker, T J; Ehlert, U

2018-02-01

Higher age is associated to a variety of physical and mental disorders. Age-related changes in steroid secretion have been suggested to be an underlying mechanism leading to frailty, depression, and sexual dysfunction. However, Tai chi qigong and similar forms of exercise have been shown to improve a great variety of health-related parameters in older individuals. We examined 56 self-reporting healthy men actively practicing Tai chi qigong and/or self-defense Kung-fu and 55 age-matched self-reporting healthy controls. Saliva samples were obtained in a standardized procedure for subsequent quantification of circulating testosterone and cortisol levels. In addition, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and sexual health were assessesd via self-report questionnaires. Age was negatively associated with testosterone, while no association emerged for cortisol. Tai chi qigong and/or self-defense Kung-fu training was neither associated with testosterone nor cortisol. More weekly Tai chi qigong and/or self-defense Kung-fu training (4 or more times per week) was instead associated with a lower CT-ratio, less depressive symptoms, and higher life satisfaction compared to individuals, who trained only one to three times per week. More years of Tai chi qigong and/or self-defense Kung-fu training were associated with less depressive symptoms and higher life satisfaction but not with the CT-ratio. No significant associations emerged for Tai chi qigong and/or self-defense Kung-fu training and sexual health. When compared to the age-matched controls, there is a significant effect of Tai chi, qigong and/or self-defense Kung-fu on the CT-ratio. Contrast analyses revealed a significantly lower CT-ratio for the high training load group in contrast to the low training load group. Further, in contrast to the control group, the low training load group exhibits a significantly higher CT-ratio. For depression, contrast analyses revealed a significantly lower level of depression in the high training load group compared to the control group. The results indicate that Tai chi qigong and/or self-defense Kung-fu training is beneficially associated with steroid secretion patterns and mental health in aging men, when training is performed with a frequency of 4 or more trainings per week. However, the high frequency training and control group show similar steroid secretion patterns suggesting an inverted U-shaped association between Tai chi qigong and/or self-defense Kung-fu training frequency and the CT-ratio in aging men. More research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this association. Still, Tai chi qigong and/or self-defense Kung-fu training provides a promising prevention strategy against age-related physical and mental deterioration in aging men. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

“Hand down, Man down.” Analysis of Defensive Adjustments in Response to the Hot Hand in Basketball Using Novel Defense Metrics

PubMed Central

Csapo, Peter; Raab, Markus

2014-01-01

The hot-hand phenomenon, according to which a player’s performance is significantly elevated during certain phases relative to the expected performance based on the player’s base rate, has left many researchers and fans in basketball puzzled: The vast majority of players, coaches and fans believe in its existence but statistical evidence supporting this belief has been scarce. It has frequently been argued that the hot hand in basketball is unobservable because of strategic adjustments and defensive interference of the opposing team. We use a dataset with novel metrics, such as the number of defenders and the defensive intensity for each shot attempt, which enable us to directly measure defensive pressure. First, we examine how the shooting percentage of NBA players changes relative to the attributes of each metric. We find that it is of lesser importance by how many defenders a player is guarded but that defensive intensity, e.g., whether a defender raises his hand when his opponent shoots, has a larger impact on shot difficulty. Second, we explore how the underlying metrics and shooting accuracy change as a function of streak length. Our results indicate that defensive pressure and shot difficulty increase (decrease) during hot (cold) streaks, so that defenders seem to behave according to the hot-hand belief and try to force hot players into more difficult shots. However, we find that shooting percentages of presumably hot players do not increase and that shooting performance is not related to streakiness, so that the defenders’ hot-hand behavior cannot be considered ecologically rational. Therefore, we are unable to find evidence in favor of the hot-hand effect even when accounting for defensive pressure. PMID:25474443

"Hand down, man down." Analysis of defensive adjustments in response to the hot hand in basketball using novel defense metrics.

PubMed

Csapo, Peter; Raab, Markus

2014-01-01

The hot-hand phenomenon, according to which a player's performance is significantly elevated during certain phases relative to the expected performance based on the player's base rate, has left many researchers and fans in basketball puzzled: The vast majority of players, coaches and fans believe in its existence but statistical evidence supporting this belief has been scarce. It has frequently been argued that the hot hand in basketball is unobservable because of strategic adjustments and defensive interference of the opposing team. We use a dataset with novel metrics, such as the number of defenders and the defensive intensity for each shot attempt, which enable us to directly measure defensive pressure. First, we examine how the shooting percentage of NBA players changes relative to the attributes of each metric. We find that it is of lesser importance by how many defenders a player is guarded but that defensive intensity, e.g., whether a defender raises his hand when his opponent shoots, has a larger impact on shot difficulty. Second, we explore how the underlying metrics and shooting accuracy change as a function of streak length. Our results indicate that defensive pressure and shot difficulty increase (decrease) during hot (cold) streaks, so that defenders seem to behave according to the hot-hand belief and try to force hot players into more difficult shots. However, we find that shooting percentages of presumably hot players do not increase and that shooting performance is not related to streakiness, so that the defenders' hot-hand behavior cannot be considered ecologically rational. Therefore, we are unable to find evidence in favor of the hot-hand effect even when accounting for defensive pressure.

Nonproliferation Challenges in Space Defense Technology - PANEL

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Houts, Michael G.

2016-01-01

The use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) almost always "helps" space fission systems. Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) and high power fission electric systems appear able to use < 20% enriched uranium with minimal / acceptable performance impacts. However, lower power, "entry level" systems may be needed for space fission technology to be developed and utilized. Low power (i.e. approx.1 kWe) fission systems may have an unacceptable performance penalty if LEU is used instead of HEU. Are there Ways to Support Non-Proliferation Objectives While Simultaneously Helping Enable the Development and Utilization of Modern Space Fission Power and Propulsion Systems?

Identification of transcriptional regulatory nodes in soybean defense networks using transient co-transactivation assays

PubMed Central

Wang, Yongli; Wang, Hui; Ma, Yujie; Du, Haiping; Yang, Qing; Yu, Deyue

2015-01-01

Plant responses to major environmental stressors, such as insect feeding, not only occur via the functions of defense genes but also involve a series of regulatory factors. Our previous transcriptome studies proposed that, in addition to two defense-related genes, GmVSPβ and GmN:IFR, a high proportion of transcription factors (TFs) participate in the incompatible soybean-common cutworm interaction networks. However, the regulatory mechanisms and effects of these TFs on those induced defense-related genes remain unknown. In the present work, we isolated and identified 12 genes encoding MYB, WRKY, NAC, bZIP, and DREB TFs from a common cutworm-induced cDNA library of a resistant soybean line. Sequence analysis of the promoters of three co-expressed genes, including GmVSPα, GmVSPβ, and GmN:IFR, revealed the enrichment of various TF-binding sites for defense and stress responses. To further identify the regulatory nodes composed of these TFs and defense gene promoters, we performed extensive transient co-transactivation assays to directly test the transcriptional activity of the 12 TFs binding at different levels to the three co-expressed gene promoters. The results showed that all 12 TFs were able to transactivate the GmVSPβ and GmN:IFR promoters. GmbZIP110 and GmMYB75 functioned as distinct regulators of GmVSPα/β and GmN:IFR expression, respectively, while GmWRKY39 acted as a common central regulator of GmVSPα/β and GmN:IFR expression. These corresponding TFs play crucial roles in coordinated plant defense regulation, which provides valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in insect-induced transcriptional regulation in soybean. More importantly, the identified TFs and suitable promoters can be used to engineer insect-resistant plants in molecular breeding studies. PMID:26579162

Applying Best Business Practices from Corporate Performance Management to DoD

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

leading or governing large, complex corporations and are experienced in creating reliable solutions to complex management issues guided by best business ...recommendations and effective solutions aimed at improving DoD. Defense Business Board Corporate Performance Management REPORT FY13-03 Task...Group 1 Applying Best Business Practices from Corporate Performance Management to DoD TASK The Deputy Secretary of Defense (DEPSECDEF

32 CFR 1285.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY MISCELLANEOUS DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 1285.3 Definitions. The following terms and meanings... subject area. The level must be high enough to make sure that releases are made according to the policies...

32 CFR 1285.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY MISCELLANEOUS DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 1285.3 Definitions. The following terms and meanings... subject area. The level must be high enough to make sure that releases are made according to the policies...

32 CFR 1285.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY MISCELLANEOUS DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 1285.3 Definitions. The following terms and meanings... subject area. The level must be high enough to make sure that releases are made according to the policies...

32 CFR 1285.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY MISCELLANEOUS DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROGRAM § 1285.3 Definitions. The following terms and meanings... subject area. The level must be high enough to make sure that releases are made according to the policies...

75 FR 43944 - Membership of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-27

... CONTACT: Ms. Lisa Novajosky, SES Program Manager, DLA Human Resources (J-14), Defense Logistics Agency..., Director, DLA Finance. Members: Mr. Brad Bunn, Director, DLA Human Resources (Non-Voting Member); Ms. Mae... management of the SES cadre. DATES: Effective Date: September 16, 2010. ADDRESSES: Defense Logistics Agency...

Role of a looming-sensitive neuron in triggering the defense behavior of the praying mantis Tenodera aridifolia.

PubMed

Sato, Keiichiro; Yamawaki, Yoshifumi

2014-08-01

In responses to looming objects, the praying mantis shows a defense behavior, which consists of retracting forelegs under the prothorax. The role of a looming-sensitive neuron in triggering this behavior was investigated by simultaneously recording the activity and behavioral responses of the neuron. The mantis initiated the defense behavior earlier in response to larger and slower looming stimuli. The time remaining to collision at defense initiation was linearly correlated with the ratio of the half-size of an approaching object to its speed (l/|v|), suggesting that the defense behavior occurred a fixed delay after the stimuli had reached a fixed angular threshold. Furthermore, the results suggested that high-frequency spikes of the looming-sensitive neuron were involved in triggering the defense behavior: the distribution of maximum firing rate for trials with defense was shifted to larger rates compared with trials without defense; the firing rate of the neuron exceeded 150 Hz ∼100 ms before the defense initiation regardless of stimulus parameters; when a looming stimulus ceased approach prematurely, high-frequency spikes were removed, and the occurrence of defense was reduced. Copyright © 2014 the American Physiological Society.

The Budget of the United States Government. Department of Defense Extract for Fiscal Year 1985

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-01

with real GNP rising over 6% and industrial production by 16%. Unemployment, though still unacceptably high , has declined by a record 2l/z...the administration will focus its legislative effort on three of those proposals, in modified form: cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) reform, a high 5...computer matching, adjusted payment schedules, contractor and grantee performance incentives, and a streamlined field structure. All of these efforts

Combat Fitness a Concept Vital to National Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-18

Physical fitness testing has traditionally been focused on a 1.5- to 3-mile run, push-ups, sit-ups, and, in some Services pull -ups, flexibility, and...Performance 6 Shoot Physical Requirements Employ hand grenades Run under load, jump, bound, high/low crawl, climb, push, pull , squat, lunge, roll...jump, bound, high/low crawl, climb, push, pull , squat, lunge, roll, stop, start, change direction and get up/down. Navigate from one point to

A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

evolved expendable launch vehicle EHF extremely high frequency EMA electromechanical actuator EMDP engine model derivative program EMTVA...condition. A key aspect of the model was which of the two methods was used—parameters of the system or propulsion variables produced in the design ... models for turbopump analysis and design . In addition, the skills required to design a high -performance turbopump are very specialized and must be

Quest for the High Ground: The Development of SEAD Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-06-01

Gulf War,” Journal of Electronic Defense 14, no. 5 (May 1991), 44. 81 Group Captain A G B Vallance , “The Gulf War: First Thoughts on the Use of Air...showed the use of mass to concentrate the effects of firepower and saturate enemy defenses. Vallance , 31. 83 The Soviet General Staff was highly...April 1991, 49. Vallance , 30-31. 87 Keaney, 273. 24 Chapter 3 Air Defense Systems Effective suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD) operations

Physics Based Modeling in Design and Development for U.S. Defense Held in Denver, Colorado on November 14-17, 2011. Volume 2: Audio and Movie Files

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-17

Mr. Frank Salvatore, High Performance Technologies FIXED AND ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT 13274 - “CREATE-AV DaVinci : Model-Based Engineering for Systems... Tools for Reliability Improvement and Addressing Modularity Issues in Evaluation and Physical Testing”, Dr. Richard Heine, Army Materiel Systems

Motivation for a High Explosive Testing Program in South Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-04

following): Contractor Performance Evaluation Foreign Government Information Administrative or Operational Use Specific Authority ~ Proprietary lnformati...Software Document~tion Administrative or Operational Use B Foreign Governmen Information 0 D. Distribution authorized to the Department of Defense...and U.S. DoD Contractors only (check the following): 0 § Foreign Government Information Critical Technology Administrative or Operational Use B

Underground herbivory and the costs of constitutive defense in tobacco

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Preisser, Evan L.; Gibson, Sarah E.; Adler, Lynn S.; Lewis, Edwin E.

2007-03-01

Nicotine is both a constitutive and induced defense in cultivated tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum). Nicotine is thought primarily to defend against above-ground herbivory; however, below-ground herbivores like the nematode Meloidogyne incognita can also damage plants. We evaluated the costs and benefits of constitutive nicotine production in four near-isogenic lines of N. tabacum differing in nicotine content. We exposed the four lines to levels of nematode infection below that found to induce nicotine synthesis, and measured nematode density and each line's response to nematode presence. Nematode density did not differ among lines and was not related to leaf nicotine content in any of the lines, suggesting that constitutive nicotine content did not affect nematode survival or reproduction. Most measures of plant performance were unaffected by nematodes; however, nematode infection decreased flowering in the high nicotine line relative to the other lines. Lines with less constitutive nicotine did not incur similar costs, suggesting a tradeoff between nicotine production and tolerance of low levels of herbivory. A cost of nicotine production is also suggested by the fact that flowering was inversely correlated with leaf nicotine content in all four lines. Although nicotine conferred no resistance to nematodes, high nicotine content reduced the plant's tolerance of low levels of nematode infection and was correlated with reduced flowering. In examining the costs and benefits of a constitutive plant defense, this work complements and extends previous research addressing the relationship between plant tolerance and induced defenses.

77 FR 35883 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Contractors Performing Private Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-15

... 0750-AH28 Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Contractors Performing Private Security... Contractors (DoDI 3020.50) was revised on August 1, 2011, and the final rule to implement section 862 of the NDAA for FY 2008, as amended, 32 CFR part 159, Private Security Contractors Operating in Contingency...

What Italian Defense Attorneys Know about Factors Affecting Eyewitness Accuracy: A Comparison with U.S. and Norwegian Samples

PubMed Central

Magnussen, Svein; Safer, Martin A.; Sartori, Giuseppe; Wise, Richard A.

2013-01-01

We surveyed 100 Italian defense attorneys about their knowledge and beliefs about factors affecting eyewitness accuracy. The results of similar surveys show that U.S. defense attorneys were significantly more knowledgeable than other legal professionals, including U.S. prosecutors and U.S. and European judges. The present survey of Italian defense attorneys produced similar results. However, the results suggest that the defense attorney’s superior performance may be due at least in part to their skepticism of eyewitness testimony rather than their greater knowledge of eyewitness factors. PMID:23720639

Unmanned and Unattended Response Capability for Homeland Defense

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

BENNETT, PHIL C.

2002-11-01

An analysis was conducted of the potential for unmanned and unattended robotic technologies for forward-based, immediate response capabilities that enables access and controlled task performance. The authors analyze high-impact response scenarios in conjunction with homeland security organizations, such as the NNSA Office of Emergency Response, the FBI, the National Guard, and the Army Technical Escort Unit, to cover a range of radiological, chemical and biological threats. They conducted an analysis of the potential of forward-based, unmanned and unattended robotic technologies to accelerate and enhance emergency and crisis response by Homeland Defense organizations. Response systems concepts were developed utilizing new technologiesmore » supported by existing emerging threats base technologies to meet the defined response scenarios. These systems will pre-position robotic and remote sensing capabilities stationed close to multiple sites for immediate action. Analysis of assembled systems included experimental activities to determine potential efficacy in the response scenarios, and iteration on systems concepts and remote sensing and robotic technologies, creating new immediate response capabilities for Homeland Defense.« less

Development of nanostructured antireflection coatings for infrared technologies and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pethuraja, Gopal G.; Zeller, John W.; Welser, Roger E.; Efstathiadis, Harry; Haldar, Pradeep; Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal S.; Dhar, Nibir K.; Sood, Ashok K.

2017-09-01

Infrared (IR) sensing technologies and systems operating from the near-infrared (NIR) to long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectra are being developed for a variety of defense and commercial systems applications. Reflection losses affecting a significant portion of the incident signal limits the performance of IR sensing systems. One of the critical technologies that will overcome this limitation and enhance the performance of IR sensing systems is the development of advanced antireflection (AR) coatings. Magnolia is actively involved in the development and advancement of ultrahigh performance AR coatings for a wide variety of defense and commercial applications. Ultrahigh performance nanostructured AR coatings have been demonstrated for UV to LWIR spectral bands using various substrates. The AR coatings enhance the optical transmission through optical components and devices by significantly minimizing reflection losses, a substantial improvement over conventional thin-film AR coating technologies. Nanostructured AR coatings are fabricated using a tunable self-assembly process on substrates that are transparent for a given spectrum of interest ranging from UV to LWIR. The nanostructured multilayer structures have been designed, developed and optimized for various optoelectronic applications. The optical properties of the AR-coated optical components and sensor substrates have been measured and fine-tuned to achieve a predicted high level of performance of the coatings. In this paper, we review our latest work on high quality nanostructure-based AR coatings, including recent efforts towards the development of nanostructured AR coatings on IR-transparent substrates.

Performance-Based Outcomes Following Lisfranc Injury Among Professional American Football and Rugby Athletes.

PubMed

Singh, Sameer K; George, Andrew; Kadakia, Anish R; Hsu, Wellington K

2018-04-27

Professional National Football League (NFL) and rugby athletes have high rates of Lisfranc injuries. Although favorable return-to-play rates have been previously reported, a thorough assessment of postinjury performance is lacking. Professional NFL and rugby athletes who sustained a Lisfranc injury were identified using a well-established protocol confirmed by multiple sources of the public record. Return-to-play rate and time to return were determined for each athlete. League participation and game performance were collected 1 season prior to injury and up to 3 seasons after injury. Statistical analysis was performed, with P≤.05 being significant. A total of 47 athletes (NFL=35, rugby=12) with Lisfranc injuries were identified, having 23 ligamentous injuries and 24 fractures. Thirty-five (75%) were treated operatively. Among NFL players, 29 (83%) returned to play, taking 10.0±2.9 months to do so. Overall, NFL players started fewer games 2 and 3 seasons following surgery (P=.002 and .035, respectively) and showed a significant decline in performance 1 season after return compared with preinjury levels (21%; P=.05). Offensive players had a significantly greater decline in statistical performance compared with defensive counterparts (P=.02). Although professional NFL athletes return to play at a high rate (83%) following Lisfranc injury, their league participation and performance is significantly decreased on return. Ligamentous and bony injuries have similar prognoses; however, offensive players show greater declines in performance compared with defensive players. To best guide therapy, players, coaches, and team physicians should be aware of the impact of Lisfranc injuries on career performance and longevity. [Orthopedics. 201x; xx(x):xx-xx.]. Copyright 2018, SLACK Incorporated.

High Performance, Dependable Multiprocessor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramos, Jeremy; Samson, John R.; Troxel, Ian; Subramaniyan, Rajagopal; Jacobs, Adam; Greco, James; Cieslewski, Grzegorz; Curreri, John; Fischer, Michael; Grobelny, Eric;

Consequence Management - Ready or Not?

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-07

Defense will have sufficient capability and be ready to respond to a Weapons of Mass Destruction/ Effects attack. An effective consequence management...Defense adopts the National Military Strategy and its consequence management approach, it must identify Weapons of Mass Destruction/ Effects threats...that the Department of Defense: develop Weapons of Mass Destruction/ Effects performance standards for response assets; implement a consequence

Context Dependency of a Marine Defensive Symbiosis over a Wide Geographic Distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lopanik, N.; Linneman, J.; Mathew, M.

2016-02-01

The invasive, temperate marine bryozoan Bugula neritina possesses an uncultured, vertically-transmitted bacterial symbiont that produces natural products known as bryostatins. These unpalatable polyketides protect the host larvae from predation. In the western Atlantic, two host genotypes were thought to be restricted to differing latitudes based on the presence of the defensive symbiont: undefended aposymbiotic Type N animals were found at high latitudes, while defended symbiotic Type S colonies were found at low latitudes, where predation pressure is higher. We found that the host genotypes are more widespread than previously thought, but that the symbiont appeared to be restricted to hosts at lower latitudes, regardless of host phylotype, leading to the question of what factors are involved in restricting the symbiont's range. We performed reciprocal transplant experiments of symbiotic and antibiotic-cured hosts, and measured host growth, a proxy for fitness. Our data indicate that possession of the symbiont appears to present a physiological cost to the host. This cost may be more pronounced at higher latitudes where the benefit of symbiosis is less apparent. In addition, preliminary evidence suggests that symbiont titer in a Type S colony from North Carolina transplanted to Virginia is reduced over a period of nearly 4 months. Taken together, these results suggest that a combination of factors may play a role in the distribution of the defensive symbiont: (i) hosts that possess the symbiont are outcompeted by aposymbiotic conspecifics at high latitude and reduced levels of predation pressure; and (ii) symbiont growth may be inhibited or sanctioned by the host at high latitudes. As defensive symbiosis is an important trait in marine habitats, understanding factors that affect the distribution of both the host and symbiont are necessary to fully appreciate the ecological impact of symbiosis.

The Navy's high-energy laser weapon system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cook, Joung R.; Albertine, John R.

1997-05-01

Over the past 25 years, in an attempt to develop a speed-of- light hard-kill weapon system, the U.S. Navy has successfully reduced megawatt-class chemical laser and high power beam control technologies to engineering practice. This Navy program was established during the cold war era when defending naval battle group was the primary concern of the U.S. Navy. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, however, an urgent and challenging issue facing the U.S. Navy is the self-defense against cruise missile in a littoral battlefield environment against threats originating from shore and/or scattered low- value platforms. This fundamental shift in the battlefield environment and engagement configuration profoundly affected the basic performance requirements placed on potential shipboard high energy laser weapon systems (HELWS). In a littoral maritime environment, thermal blooming limits atmospheric propagation of an HEL beam, and thus limits the weapon's effectiveness. This paper identifies and discusses the technical issues associated with HELWS requirements in this new environment. It also discuses the collateral capabilities that enhance and complement the performance of other weapon and sensor systems onboard ship. This paper concludes that the HELWS using a free electron laser (FEL) offers a unique weapon option for our warships in facing the new defense challenges of the future.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Judd, Kathleen S.; Sanquist, Thomas F.; Zalesny, Mary D.

This study, sponsored by the U.S. General Services Administration’s Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings, aimed to understand the potential for institutional and behavioral change to enhance the performance of buildings, through a demonstration project with the Department of Defense in five green buildings on the Fort Carson, Colorado, Army base. To approach this study, the research team identified specific occupant behaviors that had the potential to save energy in each building, defined strategies that might effectively support behavior change, and implemented a coordinated set of actions during a three-month intervention.

Autonomic characteristics of defensive hostility: reactivity and recovery to active and passive stressors.

PubMed

Vella, Elizabeth J; Friedman, Bruce H

2007-11-01

The autonomic characteristics of hostility and defensiveness were assessed in 55 male undergraduates based on composite Cook Medley Hostility (Chost) and Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability (MC) scores to create 4 groups: Defensive Hostile (DH; high MC, high Chost), High Hostile (HH; low MC, high Chost), Defensive (Def; high MC, low Chost) and Low Hostile (LH; low MC, low Chost). All subjects engaged in a video game (VG) and hand cold pressor (CP) task. Cardiovascular responses in DH subjects were predicted to show enhanced sympathetic alpha and beta-adrenergic activity and the least vagal control compared to others across tasks. DH and LH men showed significant heart rate reactivity to the CP task compared to HH men. LH men showed significant reductions in high frequency power (vagal assessment) to the tasks compared to HH men. Future studies may employ harassment techniques and include the factors of gender and ethnicity in their assessments.

32 CFR 1630.18 - Class 1-W: Conscientious objector ordered to perform alternative service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Class 1-W: Conscientious objector ordered to... National Defense SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION RULES § 1630.18 Class 1-W: Conscientious objector ordered to perform alternative service. In Class 1-W shall be placed any registrant who has been ordered...

ERIC First Analysis: National Defense Commitments; 1982-83 National High School Debate Resolutions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wagner, David L.

The purpose of this booklet is to provide a brief overview of some of the issues involved in the 1982-83 high school debate resolutions, which focus on the defense commitments of the United States. The first of the booklet's four chapters provides a review of information sources for use in researching the topic of defense commitments. The…

Strategic Defense Initiative Organization adaptive structures program overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obal, Michael; Sater, Janet M.

In the currently envisioned architecture none of the Strategic Defense System (SDS) elements to be deployed will receive scheduled maintenance. Assessments of performance capability due to changes caused by the uncertain effects of environments will be difficult, at best. In addition, the system will have limited ability to adjust in order to maintain its required performance levels. The Materials and Structures Office of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) has begun to address solutions to these potential difficulties via an adaptive structures technology program that combines health and environment monitoring with static and dynamic structural control. Conceivable system benefits include improved target tracking and hit-to-kill performance, on-orbit system health monitoring and reporting, and threat attack warning and assessment.

Interoceptive threat leads to defensive mobilization in highly anxiety sensitive persons.

PubMed

Melzig, Christiane A; Holtz, Katharina; Michalowski, Jaroslaw M; Hamm, Alfons O

2011-06-01

To study defensive mobilization elicited by the exposure to interoceptive arousal sensations, we exposed highly anxiety sensitive students to a symptom provocation task. Symptom reports, autonomic arousal, and the startle eyeblink response were monitored during guided hyperventilation and a recovery period in 26 highly anxiety sensitive persons and 22 controls. Normoventilation was used as a non-provocative comparison condition. Hyperventilation led to autonomic arousal and a marked increase in somatic symptoms. While high and low anxiety sensitive persons did not differ in their defensive activation during hyperventilation, group differences were detected during early recovery. Highly anxiety sensitive students exhibited a potentiation of startle response magnitudes and increased autonomic arousal after hyper- as compared to after normoventilation, indicating defensive mobilization evoked by the prolonged presence of feared somatic sensations. Copyright © 2010 Society for Psychophysiological Research.

Strengthening National, Homeland, and Economic Security. Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Supplement to the President’s FY 2003 Budget

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-07-01

Knowledge From Data .................................................. 25 HIGH-CONFIDENCE SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS Reliability, Security, and Safety for...NOAA’s Cessna Citation flew over the 16-acre World Trade Center site, scanning with an Optech ALSM unit. The system recorded data points from 33,000...provide the data storage and compute power for intelligence analysis, high-performance national defense systems , and critical scientific research • Large

A compact dual-wavelength fiber laser: some design aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ban, Christian; Zadravec, Dusan

2017-05-01

High performance in combination with small size, low weight and low power consumption are among the main drivers in modern defense and commercial applications of laser systems. Consequently, designers of such systems strive for innovative solutions in the field of laser technology. Ten years ago Safran Vectronix AG (hereafter Vectronix) pioneered these activities with the fielding of the first fiber laser for hand-held rangefinders. This paper will deal with the latest evolution of an eye-safe fiber laser source which can emit two wavelengths for an extended range of applications. In order to comply with high performance requirements the laser on one side has to produce high enough pulse energy and on the other side - especially due to the ever increasing requirement for compactness - to use so called single-stage amplification in combination with bending insensitive fiber solutions. Also, the ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) has to be reduced as much as possible as this light enters the eye safety equation but does not contribute in terms of range performance. All of this has to meet severe environmental requirements typical for most demanding defense applications. Additionally, the laser in its rangefinding mode has to produce a sequence of high frequency pulses in such a way that no substantial temperature effects would arise and thus impair either the pulse energy or the boresight alignment. Additionally, in this paper, a compact dual-stage dual-wavelength version of the above laser will be described, which has been developed to generate much stronger pulses for very long rangefinding applications.

The Science and Technology of the US National Missile Defense System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Postol, Theodore A.

2010-03-01

The National Missile Defense System utilizes UHF and X-band radars for search, track and discrimination, and interceptors that use long-wave infrared sensors to identify and home on attacking warheads. The radars and infrared sensors in the missile defense system perform at near the theoretical limits predicted by physics. However, in spite of the fantastic technical advances in sensor technology, signal processing, and computational support functions, the National Missile Defense System cannot be expected to ever work in realistic combat environments. This talk will describe why these impressive technologies can never deliver on the promise of a credible defense against long-range ballistic missiles.

DoD Weapon System Acquisition Reform Product Support Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

can be best effected by working through the Defense Acquisition University, the Logistics Functional IPT, the Acquisition Management Functional... WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Department of Defense,Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition,Technology and...each year in product support. Reformed stewardship—driven by improving product support and achieving more cost- effective weapon system readiness

32 CFR 37.645 - Must I require periodic audits, as well as award-specific audits, of for-profit participants?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... amounts or adjusts performance outcomes. The periodic audit provides some assurance that the reported... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Must I require periodic audits, as well as award-specific audits, of for-profit participants? 37.645 Section 37.645 National Defense Department of Defense...

The Impact of Emerging MEMS-Based Microsystems on US Defense Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

STAPLE,BEVAN D.; JAKUBCZAK II,JEROME F.

2000-01-20

This paper examines the impact of inserting Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) into US defense applications. As specific examples, the impacts of micro Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), radio frequency MEMS (RF MEMS), and Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS) to provide integrated intelligence, communication, and control to the defense infrastructure with increased affordability, functionality, and performance are highlighted.

2009 Munitions Executive Summit

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-05

CURRENT OPERATIONS • Replenish stocks expended in operations • Build /Replenish War Reserve stocks • Modernize stocks in the process • Industrial Base...4 Steel-Consuming Markets Construction (40% - 45%) Appliances, Office Furniture (2.5%) Containers (4%) Industrial Equipment (15% - 18...Partnership - HPS for Bridges • U.S. Navy • FHWA • AISI Steel and Defense Industries Collaboration – High- Performance Steels 17 Major

The Daybook Defense: How Reflection Fosters the Identity Work of Readers and Writers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vetter, Amy; Myers, Joy; Reynolds, Jeanie; Stumb, Adrienne; Barrier, Coley

2017-01-01

Classrooms play a large part in shaping youths' identities as readers and writers. Due to the pressures of high-stakes exams, for example, reading and writing identities are often defined by a set of academic skills that students can or cannot perform. Such rigid concepts of readers and writers often cause secondary students to believe that their…

Novel Genes Affecting the Interaction between the Cabbage Whitefly and Arabidopsis Uncovered by Genome-Wide Association Mapping

PubMed Central

Broekgaarden, Colette; Bucher, Johan; Bac-Molenaar, Johanna; Keurentjes, Joost J. B.; Kruijer, Willem; Voorrips, Roeland E.; Vosman, Ben

2015-01-01

Plants have evolved a variety of ways to defend themselves against biotic attackers. This has resulted in the presence of substantial variation in defense mechanisms among plants, even within a species. Genome-wide association (GWA) mapping is a useful tool to study the genetic architecture of traits, but has so far only had limited exploitation in studies of plant defense. Here, we study the genetic architecture of defense against the phloem-feeding insect cabbage whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella) in Arabidopsis thaliana. We determined whitefly performance, i.e. the survival and reproduction of whitefly females, on 360 worldwide selected natural accessions and subsequently performed GWA mapping using 214,051 SNPs. Substantial variation for whitefly adult survival and oviposition rate (number of eggs laid per female per day) was observed between the accessions. We identified 39 candidate SNPs for either whitefly adult survival or oviposition rate, all with relatively small effects, underpinning the complex architecture of defense traits. Among the corresponding candidate genes, i.e. genes in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with candidate SNPs, none have previously been identified as a gene playing a role in the interaction between plants and phloem-feeding insects. Whitefly performance on knock-out mutants of a number of candidate genes was significantly affected, validating the potential of GWA mapping for novel gene discovery in plant-insect interactions. Our results show that GWA analysis is a very useful tool to gain insight into the genetic architecture of plant defense against herbivorous insects, i.e. we identified and validated several genes affecting whitefly performance that have not previously been related to plant defense against herbivorous insects. PMID:26699853

Safety Oversight of Decommissioning Activities at DOE Nuclear Sites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zull, Lawrence M.; Yeniscavich, William

2008-01-15

The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Board) is an independent federal agency established by Congress in 1988 to provide nuclear safety oversight of activities at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) defense nuclear facilities. The activities under the Board's jurisdiction include the design, construction, startup, operation, and decommissioning of defense nuclear facilities at DOE sites. This paper reviews the Board's safety oversight of decommissioning activities at DOE sites, identifies the safety problems observed, and discusses Board initiatives to improve the safety of decommissioning activities at DOE sites. The decommissioning of former defense nuclear facilities has reduced the risk of radioactive materialmore » contamination and exposure to the public and site workers. In general, efforts to perform decommissioning work at DOE defense nuclear sites have been successful, and contractors performing decommissioning work have a good safety record. Decommissioning activities have recently been completed at sites identified for closure, including the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, the Fernald Closure Project, and the Miamisburg Closure Project (the Mound site). The Rocky Flats and Fernald sites, which produced plutonium parts and uranium materials for defense needs (respectively), have been turned into wildlife refuges. The Mound site, which performed R and D activities on nuclear materials, has been converted into an industrial and technology park called the Mound Advanced Technology Center. The DOE Office of Legacy Management is responsible for the long term stewardship of these former EM sites. The Board has reviewed many decommissioning activities, and noted that there are valuable lessons learned that can benefit both DOE and the contractor. As part of its ongoing safety oversight responsibilities, the Board and its staff will continue to review the safety of DOE and contractor decommissioning activities at DOE defense nuclear sites.« less

Climate Change, CO2, and Defense: The Metabolic, Redox, and Signaling Perspectives.

PubMed

Noctor, Graham; Mhamdi, Amna

2017-10-01

Ongoing human-induced changes in the composition of the atmosphere continue to stimulate interest in the effects of high CO 2 on plants, but its potential impact on inducible plant defense pathways remains poorly defined. Recently, several studies have reported that growth at elevated CO 2 is sufficient to induce defenses such as the salicylic acid pathway, thereby increasing plant resistance to pathogens. These reports contrast with evidence that defense pathways can be promoted by photorespiration, which is inhibited at high CO 2 . Here, we review signaling, metabolic, and redox processes modulated by CO 2 levels and discuss issues to be resolved in elucidating the relationships between primary metabolism, inducible defense, and biotic stress resistance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AFRL Defensive IO Programs

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-22

NUMBER Air Force Research Laboratory 525 Brooks Road, Rome NY 13441 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for...entire NOSC crew Air Force Enterprise Defense Moving from Data-Centric to Mission-Centric Operations 16 Summary • The AFRL /IF program includes all...William E.; Simpson, Lt. Col Richard 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Air Force

Intraspecific variation among Tetranychid mites for ability to detoxify and to induce plant defenses

PubMed Central

Ozawa, Rika; Endo, Hiroki; Iijima, Mei; Sugimoto, Koichi; Takabayashi, Junji; Gotoh, Tetsuo; Arimura, Gen-ichiro

2017-01-01

Two genotypes coexist among Kanzawa spider mites, one of which causes red scars and the other of which causes white scars on leaves, and they elicit different defense responses in host plants. Based on RNA-Seq analysis, we revealed here that the expression levels of genes involved in the detoxification system were higher in Red strains than White strains. The corresponding enzyme activities as well as performances for acaricide resistance and host adaptation toward Laminaceae were also higher in Red strains than White strains, indicating that Red strains were superior in trait(s) of the detox system. In subsequent generations of strains that had survived exposure to fenpyroximate, both strains showed similar resistance to this acaricide, as well as similar detoxification activities. The endogenous levels of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were increased similarly in bean leaves damaged by original Red strains and their subsequent generations that inherited high detox activity. Jasmonic acid levels were increased in leaves damaged by original White strains, but not by their subsequent generations that inherited high detox activity. Together, these data suggest the existence of intraspecific variation - at least within White strains - with respect to their capacity to withstand acaricides and host plant defenses. PMID:28240222

Advanced Concepts Research for Flywheel Technology Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keith, Theo G., Jr.; Wagner, Robert

2004-01-01

The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) (formerly the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization) is embarking on a program to employ the use of High Altitude Airships (HAAs) for surveillance of coastal areas as a part of homeland defense. It is envisioned that these HAAs will fly at 70,000 feet continuously for at least a year, therefore requiring a regenerative electric power system. As part of a program to entice the MDA to utilize the NASA GRC expertise in electric power and propulsion as a means of risk reduction, an internal study program was performed to examine possible configurations that may be employed on a HAA to meet a theoretical surveillance need. This entailed the development of a set of program requirements which were flowed down to system and subsystem level requirements as well as the identification of environmental and infrastructure constraints. Such infrastructure constraints include the ability to construct a reasonably sized HAA within existing airship hangers, as the size of such vehicles could reach in excess of 600 ft. The issues regarding environments at this altitude are similar to those that would be imposed on satellite in Low Earth Orbit. Additionally, operational constraints, due to high winds at certain times of the year were also examined to determine options that could be examined to allow year round coverage of the US coast.

Analysis of Active Sensor Discrimination Requirements for Various Defense Missile Defense Scenarios Final Report 1999(99-ERD-080)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ledebuhr, A.G.; Ng, L.C.; Gaughan, R.J.

2000-02-15

During FY99, we have explored and analyzed a combined passive/active sensor concept to support the advanced discrimination requirements for various missile defense scenario. The idea is to combine multiple IR spectral channels with an imaging LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) behind a common optical system. The imaging LIDAR would itself consist of at least two channels; one at the fundamental laser wavelength (e.g., the 1.064 {micro}m for Nd:YAG) and one channel at the frequency doubled (at 532 nm for Nd:YAG). two-color laser output would, for example, allow the longer wavelength for a direct detection time of flight ranger and anmore » active imaging channel at the shorter wavelength. The LIDAR can function as a high-resolution 2D spatial image either passively or actively with laser illumination. Advances in laser design also offer three color (frequency tripled) systems, high rep-rate operation, better pumping efficiencies that can provide longer distance acquisition, and ranging for enhanced discrimination phenomenology. New detector developments can enhance the performance and operation of both LIDAR channels. A real time data fusion approach that combines multi-spectral IR phenomenology with LIDAR imagery can improve both discrimination and aim-point selection capability.« less

Oxidative transformation of a tunichrome model compound provides new insight into the crosslinking and defense reaction of tunichromes.

PubMed

Abebe, Adal; Kuang, Qun F; Evans, Jason; Robinson, William E; Sugumaran, Manickam

2017-04-01

Tunichromes, small oligopeptides with dehydrodopa units isolated from the blood cells of ascidians, have been implicated in the defense reactions, metal binding, wound repair, or tunic formation. Their instability and high reactivity has severely hampered the assessment of their biological role. Experiments conducted with the model compound, 1,2-dehydro-N-acetyldopamine, indicated that the instability of tunichromes is due to this basic structure. Exposure of this catecholamine derivative to even mild alkaline condition such as pH 7.5 causes rapid nonenzymatic oxidation. High performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry studies confirmed the production of dimeric and other oligomeric products in the reaction mixture. The nonenzymatic reaction seemed to proceed through the intermediary formation of semiquinone free radical and superoxide anion. Ultraviolet and visible spectral studies associated with the oxidation of tunichromes isolated from Ascidia nigra by tyrosinase indicated the probable formation of oligomeric tunichrome products. Attempts to monitor the polymerization reaction by mass spectrometry ended in vain. Tunichrome also exhibited instability in mild alkaline conditions generating superoxide anions. Based on these studies, a possible role for oxidative transformation of tunichrome in defense reaction, tunic formation and wound healing is proposed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Costs and benefits of jasmonic acid induced responses in soybean.

PubMed

Accamando, A K; Cronin, J T

2012-06-01

In response to herbivory, plants have evolved defense strategies to reduce herbivore preference and performance. A strategy whereby defenses are induced only upon herbivory can mitigate costs of defense when herbivores are scarce. Although costs and benefits of induced responses are generally assumed, empirical evidence for many species is lacking. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) has emerged as a model species with which to address questions about induced responses. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the fitness costs and benefits of jasmonic acid-induced responses by soybean in the absence and presence of soybean loopers (Chrysodeix includens Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In a greenhouse experiment we demonstrated that soybean induction was costly. Induced plants produced 10.1% fewer seeds that were 9.0% lighter, and had 19.2% lower germination rates than noninduced plants. However, induction provided only modest benefits to soybeans. In a choice experiment, soybean loopers significantly preferred leaves from noninduced plants, consuming 62% more tissue than from induced plants. Soybean loopers that fed on plants that were previously subjected to treatment with jasmonic acid matured at the same rate and to the same size as those that fed on control plants. However, at high conspecific density, soybean looper survivorship was reduced by 44% on previously induced relative to control plants. Reduced soybean looper preference and survivorship did not translate into fitness benefits for soybeans. Our findings support theoretical predictions of costly induced defenses and highlight the importance of considering the environmental context in studies of plant defense.

Age-Matched Comparison of Elite and Non-elite Military Performers during Free Living and Intense Operational Stress

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-08

military domain, Morgan et al. (2007) examined heart rate variability ( HRV ) as a predictor of performance during extreme military training. These scientists...the HRV analyses were performed during classroom phases of training, just prior to the stressful field exercises. These observations, then, may not...defense: fear/ anxiety and defensive distance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 28(3), 285-305. 21. Taylor MK, Sausen KP, Mujica-Parodi LR, et al: Neurophysiologic

Defense Acquisition Review Journal. Volume 14, Number 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

2007 Vol. 14 No. 2 Learn. Perform. Succeed. Professionalism in the Acquisition Contracting Workforce Have We Gone too Far? John Krieger Contracting...acQuiSition contractinG WorKforce: HAVE WE GONE TOO FAR? John Krieger To professionalize the acquisition contracting workforce, the Department of Defense...featured author for this edition is Professor John Krieger , the Director of the Contracting Center of the Defense Acquisition University’s

Chemical Warfare Study: Summary Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-02-01

Performed under subcontract for INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Burdeshaw Associates, Ltd. 4701 Sangamore Road Bethesda, Maryland 20816 February 1985...Associates, Ltd. 4701 Sangamore Road Bethesda, Maryland 20816 11. CONTROLUNG OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS Office of the 0nder Secretary of Defense for...Associates, Ltd. 4701 Sangamore Road Bethesda, Maryland 20816 February 1985 IDA INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Contract MDA 903 84 C 0031 Task T-3-200 o

Are the Performance Based Logistics Prophets Using Science or Alchemy to Create Life-Cycle Affordability? Using Theory to Predict the Efficacy of Performance Based Logistics

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

Based Logistics Prophets Using Science or Alchemy to Create Life-Cycle Affordability? Using Theory to Predict the Efficacy of Performance Based...Using Science or Alchemy to Create Life-Cycle Affordability? Using Theory to Predict the Efficacy of Performance Based Logistics 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b...Are the PBL Prophets Using Science or Alchemy to Create Life Cycle Affordability? 328Defense ARJ, October 2013, Vol. 20 No. 3 : 325–348 Defense

U.S. National Defense Acquisition and Budgetary Policy in an International Perspective

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-03

from the scale and learning economies generated by the world’s largest internal defense market. When combined with the effects of high defense...scale economies , explain why high domestic spending sustains international competitiveness. Since the 1950s, research has demonstrated that the... economies of scale and avoid the necessity of closing production lines between national orders, which both generates unemployment and results in the loss

48 CFR 232.1004 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Section 232.1004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Performance-Based Payments 232.1004..., completion criteria and event values along with the projected expenditure profile in order to negotiate the...

Performance of the Defense Acquisition System, 2013 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-28

well beyond their start dates, which could indicate factors not attributable to the initial management of the contracts. Figure 2-13. DoD Total ...Attributed to W. Edwards Deming While the United States achieves its national security missions by equipping its military forces with the best weapons...annual reports on the performance of the defense acquisition system—its programs, institutions, workforce, managers , executives, and industrial partners

Total Quality Management Implementation Plan: Defense Depot, Ogden

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-01

NUMBERS Total Quality Management Implementation Plan Defense Depot Ogden 6. AUTHOR(S) 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING...PAGES TQM (Total Quality Management ), Continuous Process Improvement, Depot Operations, Process Action Teams 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY...034 A Message From The Commander On Total Quality Management i fully support the DLA aoproacii to Total Quality Management . As stated by General

The Evolution of Adjudicative Guidelines in the Department of Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Defense Personnel Security Research Center 20 Ryan Ranch Road, Suite 290 Monterey, CA 93940...8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER PERSEREC: Technical Report 11-04 10. SPONSORING/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY...social science literature and organized for policy-makers. Other studies looked at aspects of the adjudication process, such as the use of

75 FR 22706 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Service Contract Surveillance (DFARS Case 2008...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-30

...DoD is issuing a final rule amending the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) to ensure that the requirement for a quality assurance surveillance plan is addressed for each contract with a dollar value above the simplified acquisition threshold, and that contracts for services have appropriate performance management or surveillance plans prepared for the work being performed under the contract.

Estimation of Critical Population Support Requirements.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-05-30

VA 22160 W.U. 4921H 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE Federal Emergency Management Agency May 30, 1984 Industrial Protection...ensure the availability of industrial production required to support the population, maintain defense capabilities and perform command and control ...the population, maintain national defense capabilities and perform command and control activi- ties during a national emergency such as a threat of a

A Study of Overhead Rate Behavior at a US Air Force Base in the Context of A-76 Competitions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-07-28

was included separately to portray time as an important independent variable. 12 Defense Reform Initiative Report (DoD 1997a), p. 29 . 13 Defense...a threshold of savings that is at least 10 percent of direct personnel costs or $10 million over the performance period. 29 OMB established this...been performing the activity prior to the competition and, 29 The length of the contract is generally considered to be the performance period. Depending

Relative contribution of Na+/K+ homeostasis, photochemical efficiency and antioxidant defense system to differential salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars.

PubMed

Wang, Ning; Qiao, Wenqing; Liu, Xiaohong; Shi, Jianbin; Xu, Qinghua; Zhou, Hong; Yan, Gentu; Huang, Qun

2017-10-01

In this study, the role of specific components of different coping strategies to salt load were identified. A pot experiment was conducted with four cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (differing in salt-sensitivity) under salinity stress. Based on observed responses in growth performance and physiological characteristics, CZ91 was the most tolerant of the four cultivars, followed by cultivars CCRI44 and CCRI49, with Z571 being much more sensitive to salt stress. To perform this tolerant response, they implement different adaptative mechanisms to cope with salt-stress. The superior salt tolerance of CZ91 was conferred by at least three complementary physiological mechanisms: its ability to regulate K + and Na + transport more effectively, its higher photochemical efficiency and better antioxidant defense capacity. However, only one or a few specific components of these defense systems play crucial roles in moderately salt tolerant CCRI44 and CCRI49. Lower ROS load in CCRI44 may be attributed to simultaneous induction of antioxidant defenses by maintaining an unusually high level of SOD, and higher activities of CAT, APX, and POD during salt stress. CCRI49 could reduce the excess generation of ROS not only by maintaining a higher selective absorption of K + over Na + in roots across the membranes through SOS1, AKT1, and HAK5, but also by displaying higher excess-energy dissipation (e.g., higher ETR, P R and qN) during salt stress. Overall, our data provide a mechanistic explanation for differential salt stress tolerance among these cultivars and shed light on the different strategies employed by cotton cultivars to minimize the ill effects of stress. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

High Endoatmospheric Defense Interceptor (HEDI) Technology Testing Program Environmental Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-31

FICATION I DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE UNLIMITED 4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER( S ) S . MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER( S ) 6a. NAME OF...Technology Testing Program Environmental Asessment (U’. 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR( S ) HEDI Environmental Assessment Team, Mr. Dru Barrineau, Chairman. 13a...was the application of assessment criteria to identify test activities deemed to present no S -1 potential for significant environmental consequences

Statement Testimony of The Honorable Zachary J. Lemnios Director, Defense Research and Engineering Before the United States House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats and Capabilities

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-23

nationwide virtual science libary adapted for Afghanistan’s needs. Prepare for an Uncertain Future In preparing for an uncertain future, a...to assess the military implications of the ubiquitous availability of high performance analog, digital , electro-optical, radio frequency and signal

Data-driven prediction of adverse drug reactions induced by drug drug interactions

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-08

currently on the market and for which drug-protein interaction information is available . These predictions are publicly accessible at http://avoid...associated with these ADRs via DDIs. We made the predictions publicly available via internet access. Keywords: Drug-drug interactions, Adverse drug reactions...ˆDeceased Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research

Using a Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Model to Elucidate the Mechanism of Chloroquine Action in Plasmodium falciparum

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-22

Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US...2017 Available online 22 March 2017 Keywords: Plasmodium Chloroquine Metabolic network modeling Redox metabolism Carbon fixation* Corresponding... available (Antony and Parija, 2016), their efficacy has declined appreciably in the last few decades owing to widespread drug resistance developed by the

Cognitive Model Exploration and Optimization: A New Challenge for Computational Science

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

the generation and analysis of computational cognitive models to explain various aspects of cognition. Typically the behavior of these models...computational scale of a workstation, so we have turned to high performance computing (HPC) clusters and volunteer computing for large-scale...computational resources. The majority of applications on the Department of Defense HPC clusters focus on solving partial differential equations (Post

Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. 2006 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

Department. We successfully completed several software development projects that introduced parallel, scalable production software now in use across the...imagined. They are developing and deploying weather and ocean models that allow our soldiers, sailors, marines and airmen to plan missions more effectively...and to navigate adverse environments safely. They are modeling molecular interactions leading to the development of higher energy fuels, munitions

Exploitation of Unintentional Information Leakage from Integrated Circuits

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

U.S. Defense Science Board Task Force examined the effects and risks of outsourcing high performance microchip production to foreign countries [Off05...mapping methodology is developed and demon- strated to comprehensively assess the information leakage of arbitrary block cipher implementations. The...engineering poses a serious threat since it can en- able competitors or adversaries to bypass years of research and development through counterfeiting or

Defensive Medicine in U.S. Spine Neurosurgery.

PubMed

Din, Ryan S; Yan, Sandra C; Cote, David J; Acosta, Michael A; Smith, Timothy R

2017-02-01

Observational cross-sectional survey. To compare defensive practices of U.S. spine and nonspine neurosurgeons in the context of state medical liability risk. Defensive medicine is a commonly reported and costly phenomenon in neurosurgery. Although state liability risk is thought to contribute greatly to defensive practice, variation within neurosurgical specialties has not been well explored. A validated, online survey was sent via email to 3344 members of the American Board of Neurological Surgeons. The instrument contained eight question domains: surgeon characteristics, patient characteristics, practice type, insurance type, surgeon liability profile, basic surgeon reimbursement, surgeon perceptions of medical legal environment, and the practice of defensive medicine. The overall response rate was 30.6% (n = 1026), including 499 neurosurgeons performing mainly spine procedures (48.6%). Spine neurosurgeons had a similar average practice duration as nonspine neurosurgeons (16.6 vs 16.9 years, P = 0.64) and comparable lifetime case volume (4767 vs 4,703, P = 0.71). The average annual malpractice premium for spine neurosurgeons was similar to nonspine neurosurgeons ($104,480.52 vs $101,721.76, P = 0.60). On average, spine neurosurgeons had a significantly higher rate of ordering labs, medications, referrals, procedures, and imaging solely for liability concerns compared with nonspine neurosurgeons (89.2% vs 84.6%, P = 0.031). Multivariate analysis revealed that spine neurosurgeons were roughly 3 times more likely to practice defensively compared with nonspine neurosurgeons (odds ratio, OR = 2.9, P = 0.001) when controlling for high-risk procedures (OR = 7.8, P < 0.001), annual malpractice premium (OR = 3.3, P = 0.01), percentage of patients publicly insured (OR = 1.1, P = 0.80), malpractice claims in the last 3 years (OR = 1.13, P = 0.71), and state medical-legal environment (OR = 1.3, P = 0.37). State-based medical legal environment is not a significant driver of increased defensive medicine associated with neurosurgical spine procedures. 3.

Defense.gov Special Report: Combined Federal Campaign

Science.gov Websites

250 words) and high resolution pictures (minimum 1MB) of your agencies campaign by emailing Ms Department of Defense Dependent Schools (DoDDS) High School Public Service Announcement (PSA) Contest . Contest judges recognized five high schools. View all winning PSAs below: 1st Place, Kadena High School

Department of Defense Performance and Accountability Report, Fiscal Year 2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-11-15

FY 2006 with a total of 35, resulting in a net gain of one material weakness over FY 2005. Each weakness and their corrective action plans are...held due to statutory requirements for use in national defense, conservation, or national emergencies. The Annual Materials Plan lists the maximum...of non- materiality instances where planning for periods of crisis were not fully developed. (Office of the Under Secretary of Defense

The Defense Science Board 2001 Summer Study on Defense Science and Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-01

SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10 . SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION...Today, it takes roughly 10 to 15 years to develop a safe drug for a specific purpose. The task force believes that it is possible for the United...performance in later screens. DSB Summer Study on Defense Science and Technology ___________________________________________ 10 The

Repressive coping and self-reports of parenting.

PubMed

Myers, L B; Brewin, C R; Winter, D A

1999-03-01

To investigate whether women who possess a repressive coping style (repressors) self-report more positive judgments of their childhood on questionnaire and repertory grid measures compared with non-repressors. Repressors (low anxiety-high defensiveness) were compared with a composite group of non-repressors, containing some low anxious (low anxiety-low defensiveness), some high anxious (high anxiety-low defensiveness), some defensive high anxious (high anxiety-high defensiveness) and some non-extreme scorers. Participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979) and a 10 x 10 repertory grid, Self-Identification Form. On the PBI, repressors scored significantly higher than non-repressors on paternal care and significantly lower on paternal overprotection. There were no group differences for maternal measures. On the repertory grid, repressors compared with non-repressors perceived (a) themselves as significantly closer to their father, a woman they like, and their ideal partner, and significantly further from a woman they dislike, and a man they dislike; and (b) their father as significantly closer to a woman they like, a partner/person they admire, and an ideal partner. In addition, repressors were significantly tighter on construing than non-repressors. The results supported the hypothesis that repressors would rate their interactions with their fathers more positively than non-repressors when allowed to do so on self-report measures.

Suppression, accessibility of death-related thoughts, and cultural worldview defense: exploring the psychodynamics of terror management.

PubMed

Arndt, J; Greenberg, J; Solomon, S; Pyszczynski, T; Simon, L

1997-07-01

Previous research has shown that after a mortality-salience (MS) treatment, death thought accessibility and worldview defense are initially low and then increase after a delay, suggesting that a person's initial response to conscious thoughts of mortality is to actively suppress death thoughts. If so, then high cognitive load, by disrupting suppression efforts, should lead to immediate increases in death thought accessibility and cultural worldview defense. Studies 1 and 2 supported this reasoning. Specifically, Study 1 replicated the delayed increase in death accessibility after MS among low cognitive load participants but showed a reversed pattern among participants under high cognitive load. Study 2 showed that, unlike low cognitive load participants, high cognitive load participants exhibited immediate increase in pro-American bias after MS. Study 3 demonstrated that worldview defense in response to MS reduces the delayed increase in death accessibility. Implications of these findings for understanding both terror management processes and psychological defense in general are discussed.

The Army Needs to Recoup Funds Expended on Property Damaged in an Accident at a Development Subcontractor’s Facility (Redacted)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-24

liability for the JLENS prope1iy damaged in an accident at a subcontractor’s facility. The accident occmTed when high winds caused an Airship ...modernization proponent for space, high - altitude and global missile defense, is the Almy operational integrator for global missile defense, and conducts...Alexandria, VA 22350-1500 Acronyms and Abbreviations AMS Airship Management Services DCMA Defense Contract

Japan’s Defense Policy: Forecast and Implications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-21

aggressive and extreme military values. While the military was developing high self - esteem , many Japanese were critical of the conduct of servicemen... effective defense capabilities progressively within the limits necessary for our self -defense, with due regard to the national resources and the...Cabinet recognized that actual capabilities of the Self -Defense Forces were short of the ultimate goal of "dealing effectively with conventional aggression

Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in paramedics: effects of cynical hostility and defensiveness.

PubMed

Jamner, L D; Shapiro, D; Goldstein, I B; Hug, R

1991-01-01

Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate responses were obtained in 33 male paramedics during a 24-hour work shift to examine the effects of episodes of occupational stress on cardiovascular reactivity and subjective reports of stress. The aim of this study was to determine how individual differences in cynical hostility and defensiveness interacted with situational demands to affect cardiovascular responses in a natural setting. Defensiveness was found to interact significantly with cynical hostility in predicting subjects' heart rate responses in different work contexts. Specifically, in a hospital setting involving interpersonal conflict, subjects who were high in both defensiveness and hostility showed heart rate responses approximately 10 bpm higher than subjects who were high in hostility but low in defensiveness. The same pattern of relationships was obtained for diastolic blood pressure. High and low hostile subjects were also found to differ from each other in their daily mean levels of ambulatory blood pressure during awake and sleep periods. These findings obtained in a natural setting lend further support to the significance of cynical hostility for cardiovascular reactivity. The results for defensiveness suggest the need for further research on the role of conflicting attitudes in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.

48 CFR 9.701 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 9.701 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Defense Production Pools and Research and Development Pools 9.701 Definition. Pool... order to obtain and perform, jointly or in conjunction with each other, defense production or research...

48 CFR 9.701 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 9.701 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Defense Production Pools and Research and Development Pools 9.701 Definition. Pool... order to obtain and perform, jointly or in conjunction with each other, defense production or research...

48 CFR 9.701 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 9.701 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Defense Production Pools and Research and Development Pools 9.701 Definition. Pool... order to obtain and perform, jointly or in conjunction with each other, defense production or research...

48 CFR 9.701 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 9.701 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Defense Production Pools and Research and Development Pools 9.701 Definition. Pool... order to obtain and perform, jointly or in conjunction with each other, defense production or research...

48 CFR 9.701 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 9.701 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Defense Production Pools and Research and Development Pools 9.701 Definition. Pool... order to obtain and perform, jointly or in conjunction with each other, defense production or research...

48 CFR 245.105 - Contractor's property management system compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... management system compliance. 245.105 Section 245.105 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT PROPERTY General 245.105 Contractor's property management system compliance. The assigned property administrator shall perform...

32 CFR 770.54 - Background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MISCELLANEOUS RULES RULES LIMITING PUBLIC ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New... logistic support for assigned ships and service craft; to perform authorized work in connection with...

High power microwave source development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benford, James N.; Miller, Gabriel; Potter, Seth; Ashby, Steve; Smith, Richard R.

1995-05-01

The requirements of this project have been to: (1) improve and expand the sources available in the facility for testing purposes and (2) perform specific tasks under direction of the Defense Nuclear Agency about the applications of high power microwaves (HPM). In this project the HPM application was power beaming. The requirements of this program were met in the following way: (1) We demonstrated that a compact linear induction accelerator can drive HPM sources at repetition rates in excess of 100 HZ at peak microwave powers of a GW. This was done for the relativistic magnetron. Since the conclusion of this contract such specifications have also been demonstrated for the relativistic klystron under Ballistic Missile Defense Organization funding. (2) We demonstrated an L band relativistic magnetron. This device has been used both on our single pulse machines, CAMEL and CAMEL X, and the repetitive system CLIA. (3) We demonstrated that phase locking of sources together in large numbers is a feasible technology and showed the generation of multigigawatt S-band radiation in an array of relativistic magnetrons.

Proteomics approach reveals mechanism underlying susceptibility of loquat fruit to sunburn during color changing period.

PubMed

Jiang, Ji-Mou; Lin, Yong-Xiang; Chen, Yi-Yong; Deng, Chao-Jun; Gong, Hui-Wen; Xu, Qi-Zhi; Zheng, Shao-Quan; Chen, Wei

2015-06-01

The objective of this work was to investigate why loquat fruit peels are more sensitive to high temperature and strong sunlight, making them highly susceptible to sunburn, during the color changing period (CCP). Two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) of the fruit peel proteins was performed over three developmental periods, namely green fruit period (GFP), color changing period and yellow ripening period (YRP). Fifty-five protein spots with at least 2-fold differences in abundance were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS. The identified proteins were divided into categories related to heat-shock response, stress response and defense, energy metabolism, photosynthesis and protein biosynthesis. The results showed that expression of proteins related to anaerobic respiration and photorespiration were increased while the proteins related to ROS scavenging, polyamine biosynthesis, defense pathogens and photosynthesis were decreased during CCP under heat stress. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of loquat fruit susceptible to sunburn during CCP. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stress, mental health, and job performance among active duty military personnel: findings from the 2002 Department of Defense Health-Related Behaviors Survey.

PubMed

Hourani, Laurel L; Williams, Thomas V; Kress, Amii M

2006-09-01

This study examined the extent to which high levels of occupational and family stress were associated with mental health problems and productivity loss among active duty military personnel. We analyzed data from the 2002 Department of Defense Survey of Health-Related Behaviors among Military Personnel, which provided extensive population-based information on 12,756 active duty personnel in all branches of the military worldwide. Military personnel reported higher levels of stress at work than in their family life. The personnel reporting the highest levels of occupational stress were those 25 or younger, those who were married with spouses not present, and women. Personnel with high levels of stress had significantly higher rates of mental health problems and productivity loss than those with less stress. We recommend that prevention and intervention efforts geared toward personnel reporting the highest levels of stress be given priority for resources in this population.

Missile defense and strategic stability: Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in South Korea

DOE PAGES

Sankaran, Jaganath; Fearey, Bryan L.

2017-02-06

South Korea is threatened by its troubled relationship with North Korea. North Korea possesses a large cache of missiles as well as chemical and biological weapons, and the future potential to mount nuclear weapons on its missiles. The United States is also challenged because of its defense commitments to Seoul. As a countermeasure, the United States and South Korea decided to deploy Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defenses in South Korea. However, China has objected. Chinese scholars believe the THAAD radar would be able to track Chinese inter-continental ballistic missiles, thereby weakening their deterrent. A technical analysis doesmore » not support this assertion. But, it is vital for South Korea, given its proximity and economic interdependence, to reassure China. The United States Forces Korea will deploy THAD and that is not a commitment by Seoul to become part of U.S.-led missile defenses in the Asia-Pacific.« less

Missile defense and strategic stability: Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in South Korea

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sankaran, Jaganath; Fearey, Bryan L.

South Korea is threatened by its troubled relationship with North Korea. North Korea possesses a large cache of missiles as well as chemical and biological weapons, and the future potential to mount nuclear weapons on its missiles. The United States is also challenged because of its defense commitments to Seoul. As a countermeasure, the United States and South Korea decided to deploy Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defenses in South Korea. However, China has objected. Chinese scholars believe the THAAD radar would be able to track Chinese inter-continental ballistic missiles, thereby weakening their deterrent. A technical analysis doesmore » not support this assertion. But, it is vital for South Korea, given its proximity and economic interdependence, to reassure China. The United States Forces Korea will deploy THAD and that is not a commitment by Seoul to become part of U.S.-led missile defenses in the Asia-Pacific.« less

Uncertainties in building a strategic defense.

PubMed

Zraket, C A

1987-03-27

Building a strategic defense against nuclear ballistic missiles involves complex and uncertain functional, spatial, and temporal relations. Such a defensive system would evolve and grow over decades. It is too complex, dynamic, and interactive to be fully understood initially by design, analysis, and experiments. Uncertainties exist in the formulation of requirements and in the research and design of a defense architecture that can be implemented incrementally and be fully tested to operate reliably. The analysis and measurement of system survivability, performance, and cost-effectiveness are critical to this process. Similar complexities exist for an adversary's system that would suppress or use countermeasures against a missile defense. Problems and opportunities posed by these relations are described, with emphasis on the unique characteristics and vulnerabilities of space-based systems.

Regional Joint-Integrated Air and Missile Defense (RF-IAMD): An Operational Level Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) Command and Control (C2) Organization

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-15

ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Major Arthur Bruggeman, USMC 5e. TASK NUMBER Paper Advisor...Commander Charles Broomfield, USN 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING...Newport, RI 02841-1207 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR

Evaluation of Defense Hotline Allegations at the Defense Contract Audit Agency Santa Barbara Suboffice

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-08

and suspected fraud were not reported; • time and material vouchers were excluded from a paid voucher review; • a supervisor did not support an...6 Requirements for Identification of Potential Fraud __________________________________________6 Audit Deficiencies and Performance Metrics...officer and DCAA auditor an incurred cost submission six months after the end of the contractor’s fiscal year. Incurred cost audits are usually performed

Defense Acquisition: Overview, Issues, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-04

Unified Combatant Commands ( UCCs ); the Defense Agencies; and DOD field activities. The PPBES process consists of four stages; planning, programming...thorough market research is performed for a procurement action. But, opponents could argue that the cost and time necessary to perform the analysis may...they sought, on the other, that the industrialists in their own states and districts got their fair share , or more, of the military contracts there

Acquiring the Data Needed to Support Defense Transformation

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Center for Technology and National Security Policy (CTNSP) National Defense University (NDU) Fort...Lesley J. McNair, Washington, DC USA 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR...makers (see Table 1 below), there is a need to collect and organize the data of interest. It is anticipated that all of the stakeholders will be

Defense traits in the long-lived Great Basin bristlecone pine and resistance to the native herbivore mountain pine beetle.

PubMed

Bentz, Barbara J; Hood, Sharon M; Hansen, E Matthew; Vandygriff, James C; Mock, Karen E

2017-01-01

Mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a significant mortality agent of Pinus, and climate-driven range expansion is occurring. Pinus defenses in recently invaded areas, including high elevations, are predicted to be lower than in areas with longer term MPB presence. MPB was recently observed in high-elevation forests of the Great Basin (GB) region, North America. Defense and susceptibility in two long-lived species, GB bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana), are unclear, although they are sympatric with a common MPB host, limber pine (P. flexilis). We surveyed stands with sympatric GB bristlecone-limber pine and foxtail-limber pine to determine relative MPB attack susceptibility and constitutive defenses. MPB-caused mortality was extensive in limber, low in foxtail and absent in GB bristlecone pine. Defense traits, including constitutive monoterpenes, resin ducts and wood density, were higher in GB bristlecone and foxtail than in limber pine. GB bristlecone and foxtail pines have relatively high levels of constitutive defenses which make them less vulnerable to climate-driven MPB range expansion relative to other high-elevation pines. Long-term selective herbivore pressure and exaptation of traits for tree longevity are potential explanations, highlighting the complexity of predicting plant-insect interactions under climate change. No claim to original US Government works. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

48 CFR 225.7203 - Contracting officer distribution of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... distribution of reports. 225.7203 Section 225.7203 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Reporting Contract Performance Outside the United States 225.7203 Contracting officer distribution of reports. Follow the...

48 CFR 225.7203 - Contracting officer distribution of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... distribution of reports. 225.7203 Section 225.7203 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Reporting Contract Performance Outside the United States 225.7203 Contracting officer distribution of reports. Follow the...

48 CFR 225.7203 - Contracting officer distribution of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... distribution of reports. 225.7203 Section 225.7203 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Reporting Contract Performance Outside the United States 225.7203 Contracting officer distribution of reports. Follow the...

48 CFR 225.7203 - Contracting officer distribution of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... distribution of reports. 225.7203 Section 225.7203 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Reporting Contract Performance Outside the United States 225.7203 Contracting officer distribution of reports. Follow the...

48 CFR 225.7203 - Contracting officer distribution of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... distribution of reports. 225.7203 Section 225.7203 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Reporting Contract Performance Outside the United States 225.7203 Contracting officer distribution of reports. Follow the...

22 CFR 121.14 - Submersible vessels.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., launching rockets, firing missiles, deploying mines, deploying countermeasures) or deploy military payloads... subchapter) that are defense articles that perform specific military functions such as by providing military...; or (6) Are developmental vessels funded or contracted by the Department of Defense. (b) Submersible...

The Relationship between Defense Patterns and DSM-5 Maladaptive Personality Domains.

PubMed

Granieri, Antonella; La Marca, Luana; Mannino, Giuseppe; Giunta, Serena; Guglielmucci, Fanny; Schimmenti, Adriano

2017-01-01

Aim: Research has extensively examined the relationship between defense mechanisms (DM) and personality traits. However, no study to date has explored if specific defenses (alone or in combination) are able to predict dysfunctional variants of personality domains, as conceived in the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DMs and DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains among adults. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and twenty-eight adults aged between 18 and 64 years old completed measures on DMs and maladapive personality domains. Regression analyses were performed to determine which DMs predicted the maladaptive personality domains of negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. Results: According to psychoanalytic literature, results showed that immature defenses positively predicted maladaptive personality domain scores, whereas mature defenses were generally related with better personality functioning. Moreover, different defense patterns emerged as significant predictors of the maladaptive personality domains comprised in the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorder. Discussion: Our findings support the view that defense patterns represent core components of personality and its disorders, and suggest that an increased use of immature defenses and a reduced use of mature defenses have a negative impact on the development of personality.

The Relationship between Defense Patterns and DSM-5 Maladaptive Personality Domains

PubMed Central

Granieri, Antonella; La Marca, Luana; Mannino, Giuseppe; Giunta, Serena; Guglielmucci, Fanny; Schimmenti, Adriano

2017-01-01

Aim: Research has extensively examined the relationship between defense mechanisms (DM) and personality traits. However, no study to date has explored if specific defenses (alone or in combination) are able to predict dysfunctional variants of personality domains, as conceived in the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DMs and DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains among adults. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and twenty-eight adults aged between 18 and 64 years old completed measures on DMs and maladapive personality domains. Regression analyses were performed to determine which DMs predicted the maladaptive personality domains of negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. Results: According to psychoanalytic literature, results showed that immature defenses positively predicted maladaptive personality domain scores, whereas mature defenses were generally related with better personality functioning. Moreover, different defense patterns emerged as significant predictors of the maladaptive personality domains comprised in the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorder. Discussion: Our findings support the view that defense patterns represent core components of personality and its disorders, and suggest that an increased use of immature defenses and a reduced use of mature defenses have a negative impact on the development of personality. PMID:29163301

Defense Logistics Agency FY 1998 Property, Plant, and Equipment Financial Reporting

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-04-26

0it ort DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY FY 1998 PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT FINANCIAL REPORTING Report No. 99-142 April 26, 1999 Office of the Inspector...LOGISTICS AGENCY SUBJECT: Audit Report on Defense Logistics Agency FY 1998 Property, Plant, and Equipment Financial Reporting (Report No. 99-142) We...Property, Plant, and Equipment Financial Reporting Executive Summary Introduction. The audit was performed in support of our work to meet the requirements of

Critical Infrastructure Protection and Federal Statutory Authority for the Departments of Homeland Security and Defense to Perform Two Key Tasks

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-13

Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law , no person shall be...policy, and law . The research question is whether the Departments of Homeland Security (DHS) and Defense (DOD) have federal statutory authority to... law ); Department of Homeland Security; Department of Defense; establish standards; physical protection and security; national security 16. SECURITY

Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Strategies for Advanced Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threats

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

annual investment of about $2.5 billion. The study also recommended that the Department of Defense enhance its ab ility to perform the kinds of broad...homeland fundamentally change the nature of the problem to one of strategic deterrence and that the spirit of the terms of reference was more...adversary investments in regional, precision attack cruise and ballistic threaten that foundation, investments that have dramatically increased both

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of LTR Training versus Simulation Training and Stress Inoculation

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

to impact performance. Dr. Stephen Barnes’ Grant W81XWH-11-2-0155#11322004 sponsored by the Department of Defense Telemedicine and Advanced Research...for reducing this burden to Department of Defense , Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188...estimates in 2016 dollars. We used the 2.9% discount rate mandated by the US Office of Management and Budget (2016) and US Department of Defense

The Necessity of Company-Grade Air Defense Artillery Officers in the Air Defense and Airspace Management Cells Within the Brigade Combat Team

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-13

the role of ADAM Cell OIC. Utilizing the Army design methodology, the study compares the current training and performance of Air Defense officers to...junior company-grade officers to fulfill the role of ADAM Cell OIC. Utilizing the Army design methodology, the study compares the current training...Page Figure 1. Army design methodology ...............................................................................34 Figure 2. The cross-walk

The first survey on defensive medicine in radiation oncology.

PubMed

Ramella, Sara; Mandoliti, Giovanni; Trodella, Lucio; D'Angelillo, Rolando Maria

2015-05-01

Defensive Medicine occurs when doctors order tests, procedures, visits or avoid high-risk patients and procedures, primarily to reduce their exposure to malpractice liability. Some medical specialities are at "high-risk" for legal argument, but no data is actually available for radiation oncology. We present here the first survey of radiation oncologists' views regarding malpractice liability and defensive medicine practice. A three-page questionnaire was sent to 611 active radiation oncologists, members of the Italian Association of Radiation Oncology (AIRO), with questions pertaining to the incidence, nature and causes in their practice of defensive medicine. A total of 361 questionnaires were completed (59 % feedback). Physicians practise defensive medicine by ordering further imaging studies (39 %) or laboratory tests (35 %), referring patients to consultants (43 %) or prescribing additional medication (35 %). Approximately, 70 % declared that the climate of opinion that exists towards doctors is one of the major issues for practising defensive medicine. Although radiation oncology is generally considered a "medium/low risk" speciality for defensive medicine, the present survey reflects a widespread use of this behaviour in daily practice. Investigating which radiation oncologist categories are more prone to defensive medical behaviour can be advantageous for implementing programmes aimed at improving awareness of this phenomenon and to increase good clinical practice.

Integration of tools for the Design and Assessment of High-Performance, Highly Reliable Computing Systems (DAHPHRS), phase 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scheper, C.; Baker, R.; Frank, G.; Yalamanchili, S.; Gray, G.

1992-01-01

Systems for Space Defense Initiative (SDI) space applications typically require both high performance and very high reliability. These requirements present the systems engineer evaluating such systems with the extremely difficult problem of conducting performance and reliability trade-offs over large design spaces. A controlled development process supported by appropriate automated tools must be used to assure that the system will meet design objectives. This report describes an investigation of methods, tools, and techniques necessary to support performance and reliability modeling for SDI systems development. Models of the JPL Hypercubes, the Encore Multimax, and the C.S. Draper Lab Fault-Tolerant Parallel Processor (FTPP) parallel-computing architectures using candidate SDI weapons-to-target assignment algorithms as workloads were built and analyzed as a means of identifying the necessary system models, how the models interact, and what experiments and analyses should be performed. As a result of this effort, weaknesses in the existing methods and tools were revealed and capabilities that will be required for both individual tools and an integrated toolset were identified.

Novel application of 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose to study plant defenses.

PubMed

Ferrieri, Abigail P; Appel, Heidi; Ferrieri, Richard A; Schultz, Jack C

2012-11-01

Since its first use in humans in 1976, 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (¹⁸FDG) continues to serve as a tracer to measure tissue glucose metabolism in medical imaging. Here we demonstrate a novel use for this tracer to study glycoside biosynthesis in plants as a measure of plant response to defense induction. Coupling autoradiography with radio high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of tissue extracts, we examined the combined effects of leaf wounding and treatment using the potent plant defense hormone, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), to measure tracer distribution and tracer use in secondary defense chemistry in Arabidopsis thaliana. We hypothesized that competing sinks like roots and reproductive tissues, as well as vascular architecture, would impact the induction of phenolic defenses of the plant that make use of glucose in glycoside formation by altering distribution and metabolic utilization of ¹⁸FDG. Our studies showed that leaf orthostichy defined the major route of ¹⁸FDG transport in both vegetative and reproductive plants when a single petiole was cut as the entry point for tracer introduction. However, when nonorthostichous leaves were damaged and treated with MeJA, ¹⁸FDG was transported in its intact form to these leaves 3 h later, where it was incorporated into phenolic glycosides. Our work demonstrates a new use for ¹⁸FDG in plant science with insights into carbohydrate allocation that contradict conclusions of previous studies showing transport of resources away from damaged sites. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Capsicum annuum homeobox 1 (CaHB1) is a nuclear factor that has roles in plant development, salt tolerance, and pathogen defense.

PubMed

Oh, Sang-Keun; Yoon, Joonseon; Choi, Gyung Ja; Jang, Hyun A; Kwon, Suk-Yoon; Choi, Doil

2013-12-06

Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) family proteins are unique to plants, but little is known about their role in defense responses. CaHB1 is a nuclear factor in peppers, belonging to subfamily II of HD-Zip proteins. Here, we determined the role of CaHB1 in the defense response. CaHB1 expression was induced when pepper plants were challenged with Phytophthora capsici, a plant pathogen to which peppers are susceptible, or environmental stresses such as drought and salt stimuli. CaHB1 was also highly expressed in pepper leaves following application of SA, whereas ethephon and MeJA had a moderate effect. To further investigate the function of CaHB1 in plants, we performed gain-of-function study by overexpression of CaHB1 in tomato. CaHB1-transgenic tomatoes showed significant growth enhancement including increased leaf thickness and enlarged cell size (1.8-fold larger than control plants). Microscopic analysis revealed that leaves from CaHB1-transgenic plants had thicker cell walls and cuticle layers than those from controls. Moreover, CaHB1-transgenic plants displayed enhanced resistance against Phytophthora infestans and increased tolerance to salt stress. Additionally, RT-PCR analysis of CaHB1-transgenic tomatoes revealed constitutive up-regulation of multiple genes involved in plant defense and osmotic stress. Therefore, our findings suggest roles for CaHB1 in development, salt stress, and pathogen defense. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Parts Risk and Reliability User and Application Guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, Mark

2017-01-01

All COTS parts are not created equal. Because they are not created equal, the notion that one can force the commercial industry to follow a set of military specifications and standards, along with the certifications, audits and qualification commitments that go with them, is unrealistic for the sale of a few parts. The part technologies that are Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) certified or Military Specification (MS) qualified, are several generations behind the state-of-the-art high-performance parts that are required for the compact, higher performing systems for the next generation of spacecraft and instruments. The majority of the part suppliers are focused on the portion of the market that is producing high-tech commercial products and systems. To that end, in order to compete in the high performance and leading edge advanced technological systems, an alternative approach to risk assessment and reliability prediction must be considered.

Validating the Use of pPerformance Risk Indices for System-Level Risk and Maturity Assessments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holloman, Sherrica S.

With pressure on the U.S. Defense Acquisition System (DAS) to reduce cost overruns and schedule delays, system engineers' performance is only as good as their tools. Recent literature details a need for 1) objective, analytical risk quantification methodologies over traditional subjective qualitative methods -- such as, expert judgment, and 2) mathematically rigorous system-level maturity assessments. The Mahafza, Componation, and Tippett (2005) Technology Performance Risk Index (TPRI) ties the assessment of technical performance to the quantification of risk of unmet performance; however, it is structured for component- level data as input. This study's aim is to establish a modified TPRI with systems-level data as model input, and then validate the modified index with actual system-level data from the Department of Defense's (DoD) Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs). This work's contribution is the establishment and validation of the System-level Performance Risk Index (SPRI). With the introduction of the SPRI, system-level metrics are better aligned, allowing for better assessment, tradeoff and balance of time, performance and cost constraints. This will allow system engineers and program managers to ultimately make better-informed system-level technical decisions throughout the development phase.

Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. 2007 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM Applications of Time-Accurate CFD in Order to Account for Blade -Row Interactions and Distortion Transfer in the Design of...Patterson AFB, OH Direct Numerical Simulations of Active Control for Low- Pressure Turbine Blades Herman Fasel, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Air Force...interactions with the rotor wake . These HI-ARMS computations compare favorably with available wind tunnel test measurements of surface and flowfield

DOD HPC Insights. Spring 2012

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

spr2012-Final.indd 1 5/9/2012 10:54:32 AM DOD Spring 2012 INSIGHTS A publication of the Department of Defense High Performance Computing...0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing...collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1 . REPORT DATE 2012 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 4. TITLE

Energy Absorption Mechanisms in Unidirectional Composites Subjected to Dynamic Loading Events

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-30

integral part of commercial, recreation, and defense markets . The proliferation of applications for fiber-reinforced composite technology can be in large...soft body armors. The growth of composites in high-performance markets continues to outpace the development of new and improved physics-based...pp. 718 – 730, 2008. 16. G. C. Jacob, J. F. Fellers, S. Simunovic, and J. M. Starbuck , “Energy Absorption in Polymer Composites for

Air Force Science & Technology Issues & Opportunities Regarding High Performance Embedded Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-23

Challenges by Domain * Air: Persistent air dominance is at risk * Increasingly effective air defenses * Proliferation of 5th generation fighters, cheap cruise missiles, and UASs * Light-speed war possibilities are terrifying * Space: Now a contested domain * Increasingly important * Increasingly vulnerable * Cyber: Cyber warfare has begun * We don’t control the battlespace * We rely on it more and more * We can’t find the enemy.

Single stage to orbit vertical takeoff and landing concept technology challenges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heald, Daniel A.; Kessler, Thomas L.

1991-10-01

General Dynamics has developed a VTOL concept for a single-stage-to-orbit under contract to the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization. This paper briefly describes the configuration and its basic operations. Two key advanced technolgy areas are then discussed: high-performance rocket propulsion employing a plug nozzle arrangement and integrated health management to facilitate very rapid turnaround between flights, more like an aircraft than today's rockets.

Naval Postgraduate School Research. Volume 14, Number 1, February 2004

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-02-01

PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e . TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES...this review were to ensure officers continue to receive high quality, relevant, and responsive graduate education aligned to defense needs...Initiative (COSSI), Earned Value Management System (EVMS), Activity-Based Costing (ABC), Value Engineering, and lessons from R-TOC Pilots. Sponsored

A Sociotechnical Design for Implementing the Defense Data Network

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

outcomes of te work High satisfactionwith the work Knowledge of the Feedback actual results of Low absenteeism work activities Jand turnover EMPLOYEE...Physically distant locations are electronically joined. A logical extension of this is " telecommuting ", or the performance of work from the home rather...transaction costs by allowing transnission during off-peak hours. Telecommuting may find favor at sites such as the Navy Re- ,ional Data Centers (NARDAC

Programming Methodology for High Performance Applications on Tiled Architectures

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

members, both voting and non- voting ; • A page of links, including links to all available PCA home pages, the home pages of other DARPA programs of...HPEC-SI); and • Organizational information on the Morphware Forum, such as membership requirements and voting procedures. The web site was the...The following organizations are voting members of the Morphware Forum at this writing: o Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency o Georgia

Biobased Carbon Fibers and High-Performance Thermosetting Resins for Use in U.S. Department of Defense Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

For the synthesis of the first novel resin, BIO-Y-1, the core scaffold was directly methacrylated using either methacryoyl chloride or methacrylic...107  5.2.3  Synthesis of Methacrylated Lignin Model Compounds ..................................108  5.2.4  Monomer and...145  6.2.2  Synthesis of Vanillin-Based Resin ..................................................................146  6.2.3  Resin

The Costs and Risks of Maturing Technologies, Traditionally vs. Evolutionary Approaches

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-23

Acquiring Combat Capability via Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) Knowledge Value Added (KVA) + Real Options (RO) Applied to Shipyard Planning Processes...NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Tennenbaum Institute...a candid environment where high-ranking Department of Defense (DoD) officials, industry officials, accomplished faculty and military students are

CrossTalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering. Volume 19, Number 12, December 2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis ( FODA ) FODA is a domain analysis and engineer- ing method that focuses on developing reusable assets [9]. By examining...Eliciting Security Requirements This article describes an approach for doing trade-off analysis among requirements elicitation methods. by Dr. Nancy R...high-level requirements are addressed and met in the requirements work products. 3. Unclear requirements Mitigation Perform requirements analysis and

Testing Game-Based Performance in Team-Handball.

PubMed

Wagner, Herbert; Orwat, Matthias; Hinz, Matthias; Pfusterschmied, Jürgen; Bacharach, David W; von Duvillard, Serge P; Müller, Erich

2016-10-01

Wagner, H, Orwat, M, Hinz, M, Pfusterschmied, J, Bacharach, DW, von Duvillard, SP, and Müller, E. Testing game-based performance in team-handball. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2794-2801, 2016-Team-handball is a fast paced game of defensive and offensive action that includes specific movements of jumping, passing, throwing, checking, and screening. To date and to the best of our knowledge, a game-based performance test (GBPT) for team-handball does not exist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate such a test. Seventeen experienced team-handball players performed 2 GBPTs separated by 7 days between each test, an incremental treadmill running test, and a team-handball test game (TG) (2 × 20 minutes). Peak oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak), blood lactate concentration (BLC), heart rate (HR), sprinting time, time of offensive and defensive actions as well as running intensities, ball velocity, and jump height were measured in the game-based test. Reliability of the tests was calculated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Additionally, we measured V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak in the incremental treadmill running test and BLC, HR, and running intensities in the team-handball TG to determine the validity of the GBPT. For the test-retest reliability, we found an ICC >0.70 for the peak BLC and HR, mean offense and defense time, as well as ball velocity that yielded an ICC >0.90 for the V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak in the GBPT. Percent walking and standing constituted 73% of total time. Moderate (18%) and high (9%) intensity running in the GBPT was similar to the team-handball TG. Our results indicated that the GBPT is a valid and reliable test to analyze team-handball performance (physiological and biomechanical variables) under conditions similar to competition.

How to address patients' defences: a pilot study of the accuracy of defence interpretations and alliance.

PubMed

Junod, Olivier; de Roten, Yves; Martinez, Elena; Drapeau, Martin; Despland, Jean-Nicolas

2005-12-01

This pilot study examined the accuracy of therapist defence interpretations (TAD) in high-alliance patients (N = 7) and low-alliance patients (N = 8). TAD accuracy was assessed in the two subgroups by comparing for each case the patient's most frequent defensive level with the most frequent defensive level addressed by the therapist when making defence interpretations. Results show that in high-alliance patient-therapist dyads, the therapists tend to address accurate or higher (more mature) defensive level than patients most frequent level. On the other hand, the therapists address lower (more immature) defensive level in low-alliance dyads. These results are discussed along with possible ways to better assess TAD accuracy.

High-level PC-based laser system modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taylor, Michael S.

1991-05-01

Since the inception of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) there have been a multitude of comparison studies done in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness and relative sizes of complementary, and sometimes competitive, laser weapon systems. It became more and more apparent that what the systems analyst needed was not only a fast, but a cost effective way to perform high-level trade studies. In the present investigation, a general procedure is presented for the development of PC-based algorithmic systems models for laser systems. This procedure points out all of the major issues that should be addressed in the design and development of such a model. Issues addressed include defining the problem to be modeled, defining a strategy for development, and finally, effective use of the model once developed. Being a general procedure, it will allow a systems analyst to develop a model to meet specific needs. To illustrate this method of model development, a description of the Strategic Defense Simulation - Design To (SDS-DT) model developed and used by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) is presented. SDS-DT is a menu-driven, fast executing, PC-based program that can be used to either calculate performance, weight, volume, and cost values for a particular design or, alternatively, to run parametrics on particular system parameters to perhaps optimize a design.

MAPK-dependent JA and SA signalling in Nicotiana attenuata affects plant growth and fitness during competition with conspecifics

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Induced defense responses to herbivores are generally believed to have evolved as cost-saving strategies that defer the fitness costs of defense metabolism until these defenses are needed. The fitness costs of jasmonate (JA)-mediated defenses have been well documented. Those of the early signaling units mediating induced resistance to herbivores have yet to be examined. Early signaling components that mediate herbivore-induced defense responses in Nicotiana attenuata, have been well characterized and here we examine their growth and fitness costs during competition with conspecifics. Two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), salicylic acid (SA)-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK) are rapidly activated after perception of herbivory and both kinases regulate herbivory-induced JA levels and JA-mediated defense metabolite accumulations. Since JA-induced defenses result in resource-based trade-offs that compromise plant productivity, we evaluated if silencing SIPK (irSIPK) and WIPK (irWIPK) benefits the growth and fitness of plants competiting with wild type (WT) plants, as has been shown for plants silenced in JA-signaling by the reduction of Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) levels. Results As expected, irWIPK and LOX3-silenced plants out-performed their competing WT plants. Surprisingly, irSIPK plants, which have the largest reductions in JA signaling, did not. Phytohormone profiling of leaves revealed that irSIPK plants accumulated higher levels of SA compared to WT. To test the hypothesis that these high levels of SA, and their presumed associated fitness costs of pathogen associated defenses in irSIPK plants had nullified the JA-deficiency-mediated growth benefits in these plants, we genetically reduced SA levels in irSIPK plants. Reducing SA levels partially recovered the biomass and fitness deficits of irSIPK plants. We also evaluated whether the increased fitness of plants with reduced SA or JA levels resulted from increased nitrogen or CO2 assimilation rates, and found no evidence that greater intake of these fitness-limiting resources were responsible. Conclusions Signaling mediated by WIPK, but not SIPK, is associated with large fitness costs in competing N. attenuata plants, demonstrating the contrasting roles that these two MAPKs play in regulating the plants’ growth-defense balance. We discuss the role of SIPK as an important regulator of plant fitness, possibly by modulating SA-JA crosstalk as mediated through ethylene signaling. PMID:23148462

Effects of maternal characteristics on cesarean delivery rates among U.S. Department of Defense healthcare beneficiaries, 1996-2002.

PubMed

Linton, Andrea; Peterson, Michael R; Williams, Thomas V

2004-03-01

National rates of cesarean birth continue a three decade-long escalation, despite widespread recognition that a reduction in the use of the procedure is a continuing appropriate public health goal, as evidenced by the Healthy People 2010 reduction targets. Nonclinical factors associated with cesarean delivery include maternal age, race, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage. This study compared cesarean delivery rates and trends for the U.S. Department of Defense healthcare beneficiary population from 1996 to 2002 with those observed nationally, and assessed the association of these nonclinical factors with cesarean rate variation in the U.S. Department of Defense healthcare beneficiary population. Hospital discharge and claims records for babies born in the military and civilian hospitals that comprise the Department of Defense healthcare network were used to calculate total and primary cesarean delivery rates and vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) rates from 1996 to 2002. Annual cesarean rates for subgroups defined by maternal age, race, and socioeconomic status were calculated to examine rate variations and rate trends within the study population. Pooled data from 1999 to 2002 were used to compare rates across socioeconomic status, stratified by age and race. Statistical significance of the differences calculated for subgroups was assessed using chi-square. Total and primary cesarean delivery rates among the U.S. Department of Defense population were lower than those reported nationally for every year examined. Cesarean delivery and VBAC rate trends in the national and Department of Defense populations were similar. Within the Department of Defense population, total cesarean delivery increased with increasing maternal age and was more highly associated with racial minorities relative to white women. The higher socioeconomic subgroup (defined as active duty, retired, and warrant officers and their families in this study) was generally associated with reduced cesarean delivery rates. Cesarean deliveries are performed less frequently for the U.S. Department of Defense healthcare beneficiary population relative to the national population. Associations between socioeconomic factors and cesarean rates reported for the national population were not apparent in the study population. The consistent pattern of rate variation across racial subgroups in the Department of Defense population suggests that factors beyond those examined in this study are needed to explain the elevated cesarean rates for racial minorities.

Defense Science Board 2006 Summer Study on 21st Century Strategic Technology Vectors. Volume 4. Accelerating the Transition of Technologies into U.S. Capabilities

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

perform more research on future defense technology, the DOD should invest in companies that are leaders in the development of innovative sources of next...well. In fact, the kit from one vender out-performed the standard up-armor kits being produced for the Army’s acquisition team. That Army company ...subsequently purchased the company that had built the improved performance kit. As part of the process to look at alternatives, the Army Material

Caterpillar chemical defense and parasitoid success: Cotesia congregata parasitism of Ceratomia catalpae.

PubMed

Lampert, Evan C; Dyer, Lee A; Bowers, M Deane

2010-09-01

Sequestration of plant compounds by herbivorous insects as a defense against predators is well documented; however, few studies have examined the effectiveness of sequestration as a defense against parasitoids. One assumption of the "nasty host" hypothesis is that sequestration of plant defense compounds is deleterious to parasitoid development. We tested this hypothesis with larvae of the sequestering sphingid Ceratomia catalpae, which is heavily parasitized by the endoparasitoid Cotesia congregata, despite sequestering high concentrations of the iridoid glycoside catalpol from their catalpa host plants. We collected C. catalpae and catalpa leaves from six populations in the Eastern US, and allowed any C. congregata to emerge in the lab. Leaf iridoid glycosides and caterpillar iridoid glycosides were quantified, and we examined associations between sequestered caterpillar iridoid glycosides and C. congregata performance. Caterpillar iridoid glycosides were not associated with C. congregata field parasitism or number of offspring produced. Although wasp survival was over 90% in all populations, there was a slight negative relationship between caterpillar iridoid glycosides and wasp survival. Iridoid glycosides were present in caterpillars at levels that are deterrent to a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate predators. Thus, our results support the alternative hypothesis that unpalatable, chemically defended hosts are "safe havens" for endoparasitoids. Future trials examining the importance of catalpol sequestration to potential natural enemies of C. congregata and C. catalpae are necessary to strengthen this conclusion.

Maximum Movement Workloads and High-Intensity Workload Demands by Position in NCAA Division I Collegiate Football.

PubMed

Sanders, Gabriel J; Roll, Brad; Peacock, Corey A; Kollock, Roger O

2018-05-02

Sanders, GJ, Roll, B, Peacock, CA, and Kollock, RO. Maximum movement workloads and high-intensity workload demands by position in NCAA division I collegiate football. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The purpose of the study was to quantify the average and maximum (i.e., peak) movement workloads, and the percent of those workloads performed at high intensity by NCAA division I football athletes during competitive games. Using global positioning system devices (Catapult Sports), low, moderate, and high and total multidirectional movement workloads were quantified by each position. Strategically achieving maximal workloads may improve both conditioning and rehabilitation protocols for athletes as they prepare for competition or return to play after an injury. A total of 40 football athletes were included in the analysis. For the data to be included, athletes were required to participate in ≥75% of the offensive or defensive snaps for any given game. There was a total of 286 data downloads from 13 different games for 8 different football positions. Data were calculated and compared by offensive and defensive position to establish the mean, SD, and maximum workloads during competitive games. The percent high-intensity workload profile was established to assess the total number and percent of high-intensity movement workloads by position. The profile was calculated by dividing a position's maximal high-intensity movement workload by the total (e.g., sum of maximal low, moderate, and high-intensity movements) movement workload. One-way analysis of variances revealed that there was a main effect of football position for total movement workloads and the percent of workloads performed at high intensities (p ≤ 0.025 for all). Maximal high-intensity workloads were 1.6-4.3 times greater than average high-intensity workloads, and the percent of total workloads performed at high intensities varied greatly by position. Strategically training for and using maximal movement workloads can help ensure that athletes are achieving workloads that are similar to the greatest demands of a competitive game.

Affective Decision-Making and Tactical Behavior of Under-15 Soccer Players

PubMed Central

Gonzaga, Adeilton dos Santos; Albuquerque, Maicon Rodrigues; Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes; Greco, Pablo Juan; Teoldo da Costa, Israel

2014-01-01

Affective decision-making is a type of Executive Function related to cost benefit analysis in situations where gains and losses imply direct consequences for the subject. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the affective decision-making on tactical behavior in soccer players under the age of 15 years old. The System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT) was used to assess tactical behavior. To evaluate affective decision-making, we used the neuropsychological test called The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The values of the offensive, defensive and game tactical behavior of participants were used to create performance groups. The low (≤25%) and high (≥75%) groups, according to offensive, defensive and game tactical behavior, were compared and shown to be different. The values of the IGT net score of the participants with low and high tactical behavior were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Statistically significant differences between the groups were observed for Defensive Tactical Behavior (Z = −3.133; p = 0.002; r = −0.355) and Game Tactical Behavior (Z = −2.267; p = 0.023; r = −0.260). According to these results, it is possible to state that affective decision-making can influence the tactical behavior of under-15 soccer players. PMID:24978030

Air Defense: A Computer Game for Research in Human Performance.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

warfare (ANW) threat analysis. M’ajor elements of the threat analysis problem \\\\,erc eoibedded in an interactive air detoense game controlled by a...The game requires sustained attention to a complex and interactive "hostile" environment, provides proper experimental control of relevant variables...AD-A102 725 NAVY PERSONNEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER SAN DETC F/6 5/10 AIR DEFENSE: A COMPUTER GAME FOR RESEARCH IN HUMAN PERFORMANCE.(U) JUL

Prediction Markets for Defense Acquisition: The Devil is in the Details

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

1 Bill Gates, Pete Coughlan, Noah Myung, Jeremy Arkes Professors of Economics Naval Postgraduate School Prediction Markets for Defense Acquisition...Acquisition: The Devil is in the Details 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e...TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School,Monterey,CA,93943 8. PERFORMING

Threat prompts defensive brain responses independently of attentional control.

PubMed

Pichon, Swann; de Gelder, Beatrice; Grèzes, Julie

2012-02-01

Negative emotional signals are known to influence task performance, but so far, investigations have focused on how emotion interacts with perceptual processes by mobilizing attentional resources. The attention-independent effects of negative emotional signals are less well understood. Here, we show that threat signals trigger defensive responses independently of what observers pay attention to. Participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while watching short video clips of threatening actions and performed either color or emotion judgments. Seeing threatening actions interfered with performance in both tasks. Amygdala activation reflected both stimulus and task conditions. In contrast, threat stimuli prompted a constant activity in a network underlying reflexive defensive behavior (periaqueductal gray, hypothalamus, and premotor cortex). Threat stimuli also disrupted ongoing behavior and provoked motor conflict in prefrontal regions during both tasks. The present results are consistent with the view that emotions trigger adaptive action tendencies independently of task settings.

Defense Depot Mechanicsburg Total Quality Management Implementation Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

B T I TLEE 5 . FUNDING NUMBERS Defense Depot Mechanicsburg Total Quality Management Implementation Plan 6. AUTHOR(S) 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME...Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) L296- 102 Acces.ion For NYI J ... I:: ted DEFENSE DEPOT MECHANICSBURG PENNSYLVANIAL--I By_ TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT K_~ t buty-n...IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Avmail-t!Ilty Codes IvLl c 2Dd/or JUN 3 0 1989 iDizt Special PURPOSE The purpose of this Total Quality Management Implementation

Defense switched network technology and experiments program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weinstein, C. J.

1983-09-01

This report documents work performed during FY 1983 on the DCA-sponsored Defense Switched Network Technology and Experiments Program. The areas of work reported are: (1) development of routing algorithms for application in the Defense Switched Network (DSN); (2) instrumentation and integration of the Experimental Integrated Switched Network (EISN) test facility; (3) development and test of data communication techniques using DoD-standard data protocols in an integrated voice/data network; and (4) EISN system coordination and experiment planning.

Happiness and Defense Styles in Psychiatrists.

PubMed

Machado, Leonardo; Tavares, Hermano; Petribú, Kátia; Pinto, Tiago; Cantilino, Amaury

2016-03-01

The aim of this study was to measure happiness in a sample of Brazilian psychiatrists and correlate it with the defense styles used by them and sociodemographic data. This study was observational, cross-sectional, and analytical. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires by Brazilian psychiatrists who participated in the XXXII Brazilian Congress of Psychiatry, 2014. In this sample of psychiatrists, happiness levels were high (scoring 5.69 of a total of 7), and mature defense styles prevailed, especially humor and anticipation. In a multivariate analysis, having children, good sleep quality, increased sexual interest, and use of defense styles such as humor, anticipation, and idealization all showed a positive relationship with happiness; on the other hand, using defense style such as acting out or annulment demonstrated a negative relationship with happiness. Despite the well-known professional burden that they bear, Brazilian psychiatrists surveyed presented, in general, high levels of subjective well-being and happiness.

Macroevolution of plant defenses against herbivores in the evening primroses.

PubMed

Johnson, Marc T J; Ives, Anthony R; Ahern, Jeffrey; Salminen, Juha-Pekka

2014-07-01

Plant species vary greatly in defenses against herbivores, but existing theory has struggled to explain this variation. Here, we test how phylogenetic relatedness, tradeoffs, trait syndromes, and sexual reproduction affect the macroevolution of defense. To examine the macroevolution of defenses, we studied 26 Oenothera (Onagraceae) species, combining chemistry, comparative phylogenetics and experimental assays of resistance against generalist and specialist herbivores. We detected dozens of phenolic metabolites within leaves, including ellagitannins (ETs), flavonoids, and caffeic acid derivatives (CAs). The concentration and composition of phenolics exhibited low to moderate phylogenetic signal. There were clear negative correlations between multiple traits, supporting the prediction of allocation tradeoffs. There were also positively covarying suites of traits, but these suites did not strongly predict resistance to herbivores and thus did not act as defensive syndromes. By contrast, specific metabolites did correlate with the performance of generalist and specialist herbivores. Finally, that repeated losses of sex in Oenothera was associated with the evolution of increased flavonoid diversity and altered phenolic composition. These results show that secondary chemistry has evolved rapidly during the diversification of Oenothera. This evolution has been marked by allocation tradeoffs between traits, some of which are related to herbivore performance. The repeated loss of sex appears also to have constrained the evolution of plant secondary chemistry, which may help to explain variation in defense among plants. © 2014 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.

Execution of parallel algorithms on a heterogeneous multicomputer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Isenstein, Barry S.; Greene, Jonathon

1995-04-01

Many aerospace/defense sensing and dual-use applications require high-performance computing, extensive high-bandwidth interconnect and realtime deterministic operation. This paper will describe the architecture of a scalable multicomputer that includes DSP and RISC processors. A single chassis implementation is capable of delivering in excess of 10 GFLOPS of DSP processing power with 2 Gbytes/s of realtime sensor I/O. A software approach to implementing parallel algorithms called the Parallel Application System (PAS) is also presented. An example of applying PAS to a DSP application is shown.

Strategic defense initiative: critical issues

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nuckolls, J.H.

The objectives of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) as outlined by President Reagan are discussed. The principal objective for SDI is as a defense against ballistic missiles. Soviet objections and a summary of US-USSR dialogue on the subject are reviewed. Most US studies have been critical of SDI. Four critical issues are addressed in depth: are defense weapons technologically feasible which have high economic leverage relative to offensive ballistic missiles; would the defense feasibility and leverage be degraded or enhanced in the technological race between weapons innovation and countermeasures; could stability be achieved during and after the transition to themore » defense dominated world envisioned by SDI proponents; would the deployment of high leverage defensive weapons increase or decrease the security of NATO Europe, and the probability of major conventional or nuclear wars. The issue of SDI may lead to a paradox that contains the seeds of catastrophe. The author concludes by warning that nuclear disarmament may eliminate the highly successful deterrent mechanism for avoiding another major world war. In a world made safe for major conventional wars by the apparent ''elimination'' of nuclear weapons, the leaders in a conventional World War III - involving unimaginable suffering, hatred, terror, and death - would be strongly motivated to introduce nuclear weapons in the crucial decisive battles. Even if diplomacy could ''eliminate'' nuclear weapons, man's knowledge of nuclear weapons can never be eliminated. The paradox is the attempt to eliminate nuclear weapons may maximize the probability of their use. (DMC)« less

Teamwork for Oversight of Processes and Systems (TOPS). Implementation guide for TOPS version 2.0, 10 August 1992

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Strand, Albert A.; Jackson, Darryl J.

1992-01-01

As the nation redefines priorities to deal with a rapidly changing world order, both government and industry require new approaches for oversight of management systems, particularly for high technology products. Declining defense budgets will lead to significant reductions in government contract management personnel. Concurrently, defense contractors are reducing administrative and overhead staffing to control costs. These combined pressures require bold approaches for the oversight of management systems. In the Spring of 1991, the DPRO and TRW created a Process Action Team (PAT) to jointly prepare a Performance Based Management (PBM) system titled Teamwork for Oversight of Processes and Systems (TOPS). The primary goal is implementation of a performance based management system based on objective data to review critical TRW processes with an emphasis on continuous improvement. The processes are: Finance and Business Systems, Engineering and Manufacturing Systems, Quality Assurance, and Software Systems. The team established a number of goals: delivery of quality products to contractual terms and conditions; ensure that TRW management systems meet government guidance and good business practices; use of objective data to measure critical processes; elimination of wasteful/duplicative reviews and audits; emphasis on teamwork--all efforts must be perceived to add value by both sides and decisions are made by consensus; and synergy and the creation of a strong working trust between TRW and the DPRO. TOPS permits the adjustment of oversight resources when conditions change or when TRW systems performance indicate either an increase or decrease in surveillance is appropriate. Monthly Contractor Performance Assessments (CPA) are derived from a summary of supporting system level and process-level ratings obtained from objective process-level data. Tiered, objective, data-driven metrics are highly successful in achieving a cooperative and effective method of measuring performance. The teamwork-based culture developed by TOPS proved an unequaled success in removing adversarial relationships and creating an atmosphere of continuous improvement in quality processes at TRW. The new working relationship does not decrease the responsibility or authority of the DPRO to ensure contract compliance and it permits both parties to work more effectively to improve total quality and reduce cost. By emphasizing teamwork in developing a stronger approach to efficient management of the defense industrial base TOPS is a singular success.

Teamwork for Oversight of Processes and Systems (TOPS). Implementation guide for TOPS version 2.0, 10 August 1992

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strand, Albert A.; Jackson, Darryl J.

As the nation redefines priorities to deal with a rapidly changing world order, both government and industry require new approaches for oversight of management systems, particularly for high technology products. Declining defense budgets will lead to significant reductions in government contract management personnel. Concurrently, defense contractors are reducing administrative and overhead staffing to control costs. These combined pressures require bold approaches for the oversight of management systems. In the Spring of 1991, the DPRO and TRW created a Process Action Team (PAT) to jointly prepare a Performance Based Management (PBM) system titled Teamwork for Oversight of Processes and Systems (TOPS). The primary goal is implementation of a performance based management system based on objective data to review critical TRW processes with an emphasis on continuous improvement. The processes are: Finance and Business Systems, Engineering and Manufacturing Systems, Quality Assurance, and Software Systems. The team established a number of goals: delivery of quality products to contractual terms and conditions; ensure that TRW management systems meet government guidance and good business practices; use of objective data to measure critical processes; elimination of wasteful/duplicative reviews and audits; emphasis on teamwork--all efforts must be perceived to add value by both sides and decisions are made by consensus; and synergy and the creation of a strong working trust between TRW and the DPRO. TOPS permits the adjustment of oversight resources when conditions change or when TRW systems performance indicate either an increase or decrease in surveillance is appropriate. Monthly Contractor Performance Assessments (CPA) are derived from a summary of supporting system level and process-level ratings obtained from objective process-level data. Tiered, objective, data-driven metrics are highly successful in achieving a cooperative and effective method of measuring performance. The teamwork-based culture developed by TOPS proved an unequaled success in removing adversarial relationships and creating an atmosphere of continuous improvement in quality processes at TRW. The new working relationship does not decrease the responsibility or authority of the DPRO to ensure contract compliance and it permits both parties to work more effectively to improve total quality and reduce cost. By emphasizing teamwork in developing a stronger approach to efficient management of the defense industrial base TOPS is a singular success.

Transcriptome and Expression Profile Analysis of Highly Resistant and Susceptible Banana Roots Challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

PubMed Central

Bai, Ting-Ting; Xie, Wan-Bin; Zhou, Ping-Ping; Wu, Zi-Lin; Xiao, Wen-Chao; Zhou, Ling; Sun, Jie; Ruan, Xiao-Lei; Li, Hua-Ping

2013-01-01

Banana wilt disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 4 (Foc4), is regarded as one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. Cavendish cultivar ‘Yueyoukang 1’ was shown to have significantly lower disease severity and incidence compared with susceptible cultivar ‘Brazilian’ in greenhouse and field trials. De novo sequencing technology was previously performed to investigate defense mechanism in middle resistant ‘Nongke No 1’ banana, but not in highly resistant cultivar ‘Yueyoukang 1’. To gain more insights into the resistance mechanism in banana against Foc4, Illumina Solexa sequencing technology was utilized to perform transcriptome sequencing of ‘Yueyoukang 1’ and ‘Brazilian’ and characterize gene expression profile changes in the both two cultivars at days 0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 after infection with Foc4. The results showed that more massive transcriptional reprogramming occurs due to Foc4 treatment in ‘Yueyoukang 1’ than ‘Brazilian’, especially at the first three time points, which suggested that ‘Yueyoukang 1’ had much faster defense response against Foc4 infection than ‘Brazilian’. Expression patterns of genes involved in ‘Plant-pathogen interaction’ and ‘Plant hormone signal transduction’ pathways were analyzed and compared between the two cultivars. Defense genes associated with CEBiP, BAK1, NB-LRR proteins, PR proteins, transcription factor and cell wall lignification were expressed stronger in ‘Yueyoukang 1’ than ‘Brazilian’, indicating that these genes play important roles in banana against Foc4 infection. However, genes related to hypersensitive reaction (HR) and senescence were up-regulated in ‘Brazilian’ but down-regulated in ‘Yueyoukang 1’, which suggested that HR and senescence may contribute to Foc4 infection. In addition, the resistance mechanism in highly resistant ‘Yueyoukang 1’ was found to differ from that in middle resistant ‘Nongke No 1’ banana. These results explain the resistance in the highly resistant cultivar and provide more insights in understanding the compatible and incompatible interactions between banana and Foc4. PMID:24086302

Performance specifications: the nearly impossible versus the merely difficult

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hopper, Darrel G.

2000-08-01

Affordability is the objective of acquisition reform. The institution of 'performance' specifications in lieu of 'design' specifications is a key strategy. Design of a cockpit display, for example, is left to the prime contractor based on a performance requirement stated by the government. The prime delegates to the integrator. The integrator develops the display and bill of materials provided by vendors. There is no feedback loop from the vendors to the ultimate customer, the government. As a result of this situation a communication gap exists: the government, primes, and integrators have concluded that they should pay commodity prices for custom displays. One step in the closing of this gap is the establishment of cross- cutting common reference performance specifications for aerospace and defense displays. The performance specification for cockpit displays is nearly impossible to achieve -- the last ounce of technology and more is required. Commodity markets, such as consumer notebook computers, are based on but a fraction of currently available technology -- companies 'bank' technology and roll it out across several 18-month product generations. Ruggedized consumer displays can be used in aerospace and defense applications other than the cockpit, such as mission crew stations. The performance specification for non-cockpit aerospace and defense applications is merely difficult. Acquisition reform has been defined by the Secretary of Defense to mean DoD should leverage the commercial market to the maximal extent possible. For the achievement of this end, an entirely different approach is wanted for cockpit displays versus large platform mission displays. That is, the nearly impossible requires a different design and business approach from the merely difficult.

Adversarial Allegiance: The Devil is in the Evidence Details, Not Just on the Witness Stand

PubMed Central

McAuliff, Bradley D.; Arter, Jeana L.

2016-01-01

This study examined the potential influence of adversarial allegiance on expert testimony in a simulated child sexual abuse case. A national sample of 100 witness suggestibility experts reviewed a police interview of an alleged 5 year-old female victim. Retaining party (prosecution, defense) and interview suggestibility (low, high) varied across experts. Experts were very willing to testify, but more so for the prosecution than the defense when interview suggestibility was low and vice versa when interview suggestibility was high. Experts' anticipated testimony focused more on pro-defense aspects of the police interview and child's memory overall (negativity bias), but favored retaining party only when interview suggestibility was low. Unlike prosecution-retained experts who shifted their focus from pro-defense aspects of the case in the high suggestibility interview to pro-prosecution aspects in the low suggestibility interview, defense experts did not. Blind raters' perceptions of expert focus mirrored those findings. Despite an initial bias toward retaining party, experts' evaluations of child victim accuracy and interview quality were lower in the high versus low interview suggestibility condition only. Our data suggest that adversarial allegiance exists, that it can (but not always) influence how experts process evidence, and that it may be more likely in cases involving evidence that is not blatantly flawed. Defense experts may evaluate this type of evidence more negatively than prosecution experts due to negativity bias and positive testing strategies associated with confirmation bias. PMID:27243362

Plastic Transcriptomes Stabilize Immunity to Pathogen Diversity: The Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Networks within the Arabidopsis/Botrytis Pathosystem[OPEN

PubMed Central

Eshbaugh, Robert; Chen, Fang; Atwell, Susana

2017-01-01

To respond to pathogen attack, selection and associated evolution has led to the creation of plant immune system that are a highly effective and inducible defense system. Central to this system are the plant defense hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) and crosstalk between the two, which may play an important role in defense responses to specific pathogens or even genotypes. Here, we used the Arabidopsis thaliana-Botrytis cinerea pathosystem to test how the host’s defense system functions against genetic variation in a pathogen. We measured defense-related phenotypes and transcriptomic responses in Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 and JA- and SA-signaling mutants, coi1-1 and npr1-1, individually challenged with 96 diverse B. cinerea isolates. Those data showed genetic variation in the pathogen influences on all components within the plant defense system at the transcriptional level. We identified four gene coexpression networks and two vectors of defense variation triggered by genetic variation in B. cinerea. This showed that the JA and SA signaling pathways functioned to constrain/canalize the range of virulence in the pathogen population, but the underlying transcriptomic response was highly plastic. These data showed that plants utilize major defense hormone pathways to buffer disease resistance, but not the metabolic or transcriptional responses to genetic variation within a pathogen. PMID:29042403

Plastic Transcriptomes Stabilize Immunity to Pathogen Diversity: The Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Networks within the Arabidopsis/Botrytis Pathosystem.

PubMed

Zhang, Wei; Corwin, Jason A; Copeland, Daniel; Feusier, Julie; Eshbaugh, Robert; Chen, Fang; Atwell, Susana; Kliebenstein, Daniel J

2017-11-01

To respond to pathogen attack, selection and associated evolution has led to the creation of plant immune system that are a highly effective and inducible defense system. Central to this system are the plant defense hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) and crosstalk between the two, which may play an important role in defense responses to specific pathogens or even genotypes. Here, we used the Arabidopsis thaliana - Botrytis cinerea pathosystem to test how the host's defense system functions against genetic variation in a pathogen. We measured defense-related phenotypes and transcriptomic responses in Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 and JA- and SA-signaling mutants, coi1-1 and npr1-1 , individually challenged with 96 diverse B. cinerea isolates. Those data showed genetic variation in the pathogen influences on all components within the plant defense system at the transcriptional level. We identified four gene coexpression networks and two vectors of defense variation triggered by genetic variation in B. cinerea This showed that the JA and SA signaling pathways functioned to constrain/canalize the range of virulence in the pathogen population, but the underlying transcriptomic response was highly plastic. These data showed that plants utilize major defense hormone pathways to buffer disease resistance, but not the metabolic or transcriptional responses to genetic variation within a pathogen. © 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.

76 FR 2941 - Bureau of Political-Military Affairs: Directorate of Defense Trade Controls; Notifications to the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-18

... services to support the design, manufacture and delivery of the Anik G1 Commercial Communication Satellite... proposed manufacturing license agreement for the manufacture of major defense equipment abroad. The... technical data, and defense services, to Germany for the design, manufacture, market and sale of High-G...

Lean Principles and Defense Information Technology Acquisition: An Investigation of the Determinants of Successful Application

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haley, M.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not there have been successful applications of lean manufacturing principles in highly variable defense IT environments. Specifically, the study assessed if implementation of the lean philosophies by a defense organization yielded repeatable, predictable results in software release schedules…

Self-Handicapping and Defensive Pessimism: Exploring a Model of Predictors and Outcomes from a Self-Protection Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Andrew J.; Marsh, Herbert W.; Debus, Raymond L.

2001-01-01

Examines self-handicapping and defensive pessimism, the factors that predict these strategies, and the associations between these strategies and a variety of academic outcomes. Findings reveal that task orientation negatively predicts both self-handicapping and defensive expectations and positively predicts reflectivity. Students high in…

Mobile surveillance units (MSU) for border protection and homeland defense

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crandon, Christopher; Kimber, Paul K.

2003-09-01

During the last 12 years the European Union (EU) has financed the new member applicant countries of Central and Eastern Europe in their preparation for joining the EU. Based on this enlargement of the EU, funding for border protection has been made available from the overall infrastructure improvement budget. Border protection was required in areas where border conflicts had taken place and to limit illegal immigration and smuggling. After 9/11 defence against terrorist activities will no doubt be added to the requirement. This paper describes the approach taken in the provision of police and para-military Mobile Surveillance Units (MSU's). This approach may also be considered for the US Homeland Defense initiative. These MSU's utilize standard road vehicles converted to use high performance military thermal imagers, such as SiGMA. In future the current, in service, MSU will require increased sensor integration and networking to cover land and coastal borders. The underlying key is affordability for the police and para-military markets while retaining the highest performance derived from the latest military standard thermal imagers.

Constructing dual-defense mechanisms on membrane surfaces by synergy of PFSA and SiO2 nanoparticles for persistent antifouling performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Linjie; Gao, Kang; Jiao, Zhiwei; Wu, Mengyuan; He, Mingrui; Su, Yanlei; Jiang, Zhongyi

2018-05-01

Synthetic antifouling membrane surfaces with dual-defense mechanisms (fouling-resistant and fouling-release mechanism) were constructed through the synergy of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) and SiO2 nanoparticles. During the nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process, the amphiphilic PFSA polymers spontaneously segregated to membrane surfaces and catalyzed the hydrolysis-polycondensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to generate hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The resulting PVDF/PFSA/SiO2 hybrid membranes were characterized by contact angle measurements, FTIR, XPS, SEM, AFM, TGA, and TEM. The hydrophilic microdomains and low surface energy microdomains of amphiphilic PFSA polymers respectively endowed membrane surfaces with fouling-resistant mechanism and fouling-release mechanism, while the hydrophilic SiO2 NPs intensified the fouling-resistant mechanism. When the addition of TEOS reached 3 wt%, the hybrid membrane with optimal synergy of PFSA and SiO2 NPs displayed low flux decline (17.4% DRt) and high flux recovery (99.8% FRR) during the filtration of oil-in-water emulsion. Meanwhile, the long-time stability test verified that the hybrid membrane possessed persistent antifouling performance.

Reconstruction of the evolution of microbial defense systems.

PubMed

Puigbò, Pere; Makarova, Kira S; Kristensen, David M; Wolf, Yuri I; Koonin, Eugene V

2017-04-04

Evolution of bacterial and archaeal genomes is a highly dynamic process that involves intensive loss of genes as well as gene gain via horizontal transfer, with a lesser contribution from gene duplication. The rates of these processes can be estimated by comparing genomes that are linked by an evolutionary tree. These estimated rates of genome dynamics events substantially differ for different functional classes of genes. The genes involved in defense against viruses and other invading DNA are among those that are gained and lost at the highest rates. We employed a stochastic birth-and-death model to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the rates of gain and loss of defense genes in 35 groups of closely related bacterial genomes and one group of archaeal genomes. We find that on average, the defense genes experience 1.4 fold higher flux than the rest of microbial genes. This excessive flux of defense genes over the genomic mean is consistent across diverse microbial groups. The few exceptions include intracellular parasites with small, degraded genomes that possess few defense systems which are more stable than in other microbes. Generally, defense genes follow the previously established pattern of genome dynamics, with gene family loss being about 3 times more common than gain and an order of magnitude more common than expansion or contraction of gene families. Case by case analysis of the evolutionary dynamics of defense genes indicates frequent multiple events in the same locus and widespread involvement of mobile elements in the gain and loss of defense genes. Evolution of microbial defense systems is highly dynamic but, notwithstanding the host-parasite arms race, generally follows the same trends that have been established for the rest of the genes. Apart from the paucity and the low flux of defense genes in parasitic bacteria with deteriorating genomes, there is no clear connection between the evolutionary regime of defense systems and microbial life style.

High performance data transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cottrell, R.; Fang, C.; Hanushevsky, A.; Kreuger, W.; Yang, W.

2017-10-01

The exponentially increasing need for high speed data transfer is driven by big data, and cloud computing together with the needs of data intensive science, High Performance Computing (HPC), defense, the oil and gas industry etc. We report on the Zettar ZX software. This has been developed since 2013 to meet these growing needs by providing high performance data transfer and encryption in a scalable, balanced, easy to deploy and use way while minimizing power and space utilization. In collaboration with several commercial vendors, Proofs of Concept (PoC) consisting of clusters have been put together using off-the- shelf components to test the ZX scalability and ability to balance services using multiple cores, and links. The PoCs are based on SSD flash storage that is managed by a parallel file system. Each cluster occupies 4 rack units. Using the PoCs, between clusters we have achieved almost 200Gbps memory to memory over two 100Gbps links, and 70Gbps parallel file to parallel file with encryption over a 5000 mile 100Gbps link.

Inducible defenses against herbivory and fouling in seaweeds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, Renato Crespo; Costa, Erica da Silva; Sudatti, Daniela Bueno; da Gama, Bernardo Antonio Perez

2017-04-01

Secondary metabolites play an important ecological role as a defense mechanism in seaweeds. Chemical defenses are well known to change in response to herbivory, but other driving factors, either biotic or abiotic, are often neglected. Epibiosis may not only reduce seaweed fitness, but also increase attractiveness to consumers, and thus defense production should also be triggered by epibionts. In this study, three Southwestern Atlantic seaweeds, Gracilaria cearensis, Pterocladiella capillacea (Rhodophyceae) and Codium decorticatum (Chlorophyceae) were investigated in laboratory bioassays designed to test whether the action of herbivory or simulated epibiosis influences chemical defenses. Crossed induction experiments were also performed in order to assess whether herbivore induction influences antifouling chemical defense, as well as whether epibiont induction would affect defense against herbivores. The effect of laboratory conditions on seaweeds in the absence of field stimuli was also investigated by comparing consumption of artificial food with extracts from acclimatized and non-acclimatized seaweeds (i.e., natural defense levels). Only the green seaweed C. decorticatum exhibited inducible antifouling defenses triggered by simulated epibiosis, but not by herbivores. In the other seaweeds there was no induction either by herbivory or simulated epibiosis. Acclimatization did not affect C. decorticatum defenses. However, non-acclimatized G. cearensis artificial foods were preferred over acclimatized ones, while extracts from acclimatized P. capillacea increased herbivore consumption, highlighting the need to acclimatize seaweeds before the main induction experiments. This is the first report of inducible defenses due to simulated fouling in seaweeds.

Program Manager: the Journal of the Defense Systems Management College, Volume 14, Number 3, May-June 1985.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

Z2~1 31DTIC TAR 31 Unaflnonc.-d Successful The S N wDefense Challenge: Distribul Systems Spare Parts Availability Dr. Joniathian D. Kaplan Lieutenant...Developing Human Perform- hardware software has not been ing that the resulting design be capable ance Specifications ( Kaplan & Crooks, developed at this...design to perform at the components: MOS-characteristics specified criteria. Although the map, analysis-characteristics map, and E Dr. Kaplan is a

Defense Science Board Task Force Report: Predicting Violent Behavior

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

Sciences Projects . Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, August 2009. http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1218480185439.shtm Randazzo...5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES...Defense Science Board (DSB),OUSD(AT&L) Room 3B888A,The Pentagon,Washington,DC,20310 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING

48 CFR 242.771-3 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Indirect Cost Rates 242.... (2) Determine whether IR&D/B&P projects performed by major contractors (see 231.205-18(a)) are of... potential interest to DoD. (b) The Defense Contract Management Agency or the military department responsible...

48 CFR 242.771-3 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Indirect Cost Rates 242.... (2) Determine whether IR&D/B&P projects performed by major contractors (see 231.205-18(a)) are of... potential interest to DoD. (b) The Defense Contract Management Agency or the military department responsible...

48 CFR 242.771-3 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Indirect Cost Rates 242.... (2) Determine whether IR&D/B&P projects performed by major contractors (see 231.205-18(a)) are of... potential interest to DoD. (b) The Defense Contract Management Agency or the military department responsible...

48 CFR 242.771-3 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Indirect Cost Rates 242.... (2) Determine whether IR&D/B&P projects performed by major contractors (see 231.205-18(a)) are of... potential interest to DoD. (b) The Defense Contract Management Agency or the military department responsible...

Mechanical defenses of plant extrafloral nectaries against herbivory

PubMed Central

Gish, Moshe; Mescher, Mark C.; De Moraes, Consuelo M.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Extrafloral nectaries play an important role in plant defense against herbivores by providing nectar rewards that attract ants and other carnivorous insects. However, extrafloral nectaries can themselves be targets of herbivory, in addition to being exploited by nectar-robbing insects that do not provide defensive services. We recently found that the extrafloral nectaries of Vicia faba plants, as well as immediately adjacent tissues, exhibit high concentrations of chemical toxins, apparently as a defense against herbivory. Here we report that the nectary tissues of this plant also exhibit high levels of structural stiffness compared to surrounding tissues, likely due to cell wall lignification and the concentration of calcium oxalate crystals in nectary tissues, which may provide an additional deterrent to herbivore feeding on nectary tissues. PMID:27489584

Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar, TIF - Report (Phase 1)

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-11-01

Cette recherche permet d’obtenir une compr6hension en profondeur des capacit6s et des difficult6s associ6es aux concepts du ROS bistatique et...Radar (SAR) Bistatic SAR Performance Analysis Defence R&D Canada R & D pour la defense Canada Canada’s Leader in Defence Chef de file au Canada en ...I 1f1 Defence Research and Recherche et developpement Development Canada pour la defense Canada DEFENCE DEFENSE Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar TIF

High Throughput, High Yield Fabrication of High Quantum Efficiency Back-Illuminated Photon Counting, Far UV, UV, and Visible Detector Arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nikzad, Shouleh; Hoenk, M. E.; Carver, A. G.; Jones, T. J.; Greer, F.; Hamden, E.; Goodsall, T.

2013-01-01

In this paper we discuss the high throughput end-to-end post fabrication processing of high performance delta-doped and superlattice-doped silicon imagers for UV, visible, and NIR applications. As an example, we present our results on far ultraviolet and ultraviolet quantum efficiency (QE) in a photon counting, detector array. We have improved the QE by nearly an order of magnitude over microchannel plates (MCPs) that are the state-of-the-art UV detectors for many NASA space missions as well as defense applications. These achievements are made possible by precision interface band engineering of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD).

OsWRKY53, a versatile switch in regulating herbivore-induced defense responses in rice

PubMed Central

Hu, Lingfei; Ye, Meng; Li, Ran; Lou, Yonggen

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT WRKY proteins, which belong to a large family of plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores by regulating defense-related signaling pathways. Recently, a rice WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY53 has been reported to function as a negative feedback modulator of OsMPK3/OsMPK6 and thereby to control the size of the investment a rice plant makes to defend against a chewing herbivore, the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis. We investigated the performance of a piecing-sucking herbivore, the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, on transgenic plants that silence or overexpress OsWRKY53, and found that OsWRKY53 activates rice defenses against BPH by activating an H2O2 burst and suppressing ethylene biosynthesis. These findings suggest that OsWRKY53 functions not only as a regulator of plants' investment in specific defenses, but also as a switch to initiate new defenses against other stresses, highlighting the versatility and importance of OsWRKY53 in herbivore-induced plant defenses. PMID:27031005

Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-22

free drop; free fall; high velocity drop; low velocity drop. airdrop platform — A base upon which vehicles, cargo , or equipment are loaded for...displacement of cargo required to be carried by air for a specific task. See also airlift capability. airlift service — The performance or procurement of...effect. air priorities committee — (*) A committee set up to determine the priorities of passengers and cargo . air raid reporting control ship — (*) A

Defense Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR). Volume 3. Air Force Abstracts of Phase 1 Awards 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

The development of low-cost fabrication processes for high-performance composites is of paramount importance in the economical use of composites in...This proposal offers to evaluate the feasibility of marrying multiscale image processing techniques to multisensor image data. The product would be a...biotechnology to the production of 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene will allow bulk manufacture of this polymer precursor by more economical means than is

Spare Parts Inventory Management for the Next Generation Finnish Defense Force Fighter Fleet

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-01

Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget...O&S Operating and Support PBL Performance Based Logistics PM Project Manager PSI Product Support Integrator RfI Request for Information RfQ...intent. Success in spare parts management depends highly on the reliability of the demand information and of what the management personnel does with

Department of Defense Base Structure Report for FY 1986.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

given consideration because of both the high costs and the adverse effect on morale, productivity, and readiness. 5. CIVILIAN LABOR MARKET. Many Army...are reluctant to relocate with the transfer of the functions they perform. The lack of an appropriate labor market thus becomes a factor in evaluating...survivability. Training areas should provide the force with a wide array of clima - tological and topographical features in which to train and which

LDDX: A High Efficiency Air Conditioner for DOD Buildings

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-01

or favoring by the Department of Defense. Page Intentionally Left Blank i REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188...failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO... Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Page Intentionally Left Blank i COST & PERFORMANCE REPORT Project: EW-201137 TABLE OF

History of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville 1993-1997

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-06-01

Patrick Moynihan initiated research into a magnetically levitated train ( MAGLEV ), Huntsville Division received the call to help with designs. When...the Missile Defense Data Center. Advanced Technology also performed a number of studies for Ordnance and Explosives Applied Technology and the MAGLEV ...contract had been closed out, and no follow-on work was expected-16 MAGLEV Perhaps the most unusual high-proflle project Huntsville Center

An Examination of Binder Systems and Their Influences on Burn Rates of High-Nitrogen Containing Formulations

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

sought-after to advance existing HHS technology. Currently existing HHS candle formulations contain significant amounts of potassium perchlorate...Defense spends tens of billions of dollars annually on per- chlorate remediation efforts. Therefore, efforts to elimi- nate perchlorate from military...develop per- chlorate -free formulations of the M126A1 red star para- chute. To maximize the performance of these formula- tions, KClO4 was replaced

Metrics for TRUST in Integrated Circuits

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

metrics; Trojan ; detection Introduction In the Defense Science Board report, “DSB Task Force on High Performance Microchip Supply” [1] several...BETAINV C m M m= − + − + Where Ptd | lower is a lower bound on Ptd with confidence C, m is the number of detected Trojan transistors, and M is the...total number of Trojan transistors. From this relationship, in order to establish Ptd = 90% at 90% confidence on a single test article, we must

Interactions between behavioral and life-history trade-offs in the evolution of integrated predator-defense plasticity.

PubMed

Cressler, Clayton E; King, Aaron A; Werner, Earl E

2010-09-01

Inducible defense, which is phenotypic plasticity in traits that affect predation risk, is taxonomically widespread and has been shown to have important ecological consequences. However, it remains unclear what factors promote the evolution of qualitatively different defense strategies and when evolution should favor strategies that involve modification of multiple traits. Previous theory suggests that individual-level trade-offs play a key role in defense evolution, but most of this work has assumed that trade-offs are independent. Here we show that the shape of the behavioral trade-off between foraging gain and predation risk determines the interaction between this trade-off and the life-history trade-off between growth and reproduction. The interaction between these fundamental trade-offs determines the optimal investment into behavioral and life-history defenses. Highly nonlinear foraging-predation risk trade-offs favor the evolution of behavioral defenses, while linear trade-offs favor life-history defenses. Between these extremes, integrated defense responses are optimal, with defense expression strongly depending on ontogeny. We suggest that these predictions may be general across qualitatively different defenses. Our results have important implications for theory on the ecological effects of inducible defense, which has not considered how qualitatively different defenses might alter ecological interactions.

32 CFR Attachment 5 to Part 855 - Sample Temporary Agreement

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... checks will be performed at the terminal before loading passengers on buses. Luggage on arriving aircraft... routine aircraft maintenance will be accomplished at WAFB. Emergency repairs and or maintenance are only... Part 855 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL...

32 CFR Attachment 5 to Part 855 - Sample Temporary Agreement

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... checks will be performed at the terminal before loading passengers on buses. Luggage on arriving aircraft... routine aircraft maintenance will be accomplished at WAFB. Emergency repairs and or maintenance are only... Part 855 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL...

32 CFR Attachment 5 to Part 855 - Sample Temporary Agreement

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... checks will be performed at the terminal before loading passengers on buses. Luggage on arriving aircraft... routine aircraft maintenance will be accomplished at WAFB. Emergency repairs and or maintenance are only... Part 855 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL...

32 CFR Attachment 5 to Part 855 - Sample Temporary Agreement

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... checks will be performed at the terminal before loading passengers on buses. Luggage on arriving aircraft... routine aircraft maintenance will be accomplished at WAFB. Emergency repairs and or maintenance are only... Part 855 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL...

32 CFR Attachment 5 to Part 855 - Sample Temporary Agreement

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... checks will be performed at the terminal before loading passengers on buses. Luggage on arriving aircraft... routine aircraft maintenance will be accomplished at WAFB. Emergency repairs and or maintenance are only... Part 855 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT CIVIL...

76 FR 4188 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Public Access to the Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-24

...: Mr. Edward Loeb, Procurement Analyst, at (202) 501-0650 for clarification of content. For information... business ethics and quality of prospective contractors competing for Federal contracts. That rulemaking... when the interim rule is published, the Department of Defense's Director of Defense Procurement and...

32 CFR 26.640 - Employee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Employee. 26.640 Section 26.640 National Defense... REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE (FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE) Definitions § 26.640 Employee. (a) Employee means the employee of a recipient directly engaged in the performance of work under the award, including— (1...

Fuzzy Logic for Determination of Crack Severity in Defense Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-31

FUZZY LOGIC FOR DETERMINATION OF CRACK SEVERITY IN DEFENSE APPLICATIONS Vijay Sharma , Harpreet Singh, Arati M. Dixit, Ahmed Mekki Department of... Vijay Sharma ; Harpreet Singh; Arati M. Dixit; Ahmed Mekki 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S

Department of Defense Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Program. FY2003-2005 Performance Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-05-01

Agents (NTAs) Compare the direct effects of PAF on smooth muscle, hematic constituents, and lung to determine role in toxicity. Continue to...baselined. Long Range Biometric Target ID System Explore technologies for a long range biometric target identification system. 3.5.1.6

Novel Low-Cost, Low-Power Miniature Thermionic Cathode Developed for Microwave/Millimeter Wave Tube and Cathode Ray Tube Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wintucky, Edwin G.

1999-01-01

A low cost, small size and mass, low heater power, durable high-performance barium dispenser thermionic cathode has been developed that offers significant advancements in the design, manufacture, and performance of the electron sources used in vacuum electronic devices--such as microwave (and millimeter wave) traveling-wave tubes (TWT's)--and in display devices such as high-brightness, high-resolution cathode ray tubes (CRT's). The lower cathode heater power and the reduced size and mass of the new cathode are expected to be especially beneficial in TWT's for deep space communications, where future missions are requiring smaller spacecraft, higher data transfer rates (higher frequencies and radiofrequency output power), and greater electrical efficiency. Also expected to benefit are TWT's for commercial and government communication satellites, for both low and geosynchronous Earth orbit, with additional benefits offered by lower cost and potentially higher cathode current loading. A particularly important TWT application is in the microwave power module (MPM), which is a hybrid microwave (or millimeter wave) amplifier consisting of a low-noise solid state driver, a vacuum power booster (small TWT), and an electronic power conditioner integrated into a single compact package. The attributes of compactness and potentially high electrical efficiency make the MPM very attractive for many commercial and government (civilian and defense) applications in communication and radar systems. The MPM is already finding application in defense electronic systems and is under development by NASA for deep space communications. However, for the MPM to become competitive and commercially successful, a major reduction in cost must be achieved.

What really bothers China about THAAD? 'WHY CHINA BOTHERS ABOUT THAAD MISSILE DEFENSE'

DOE PAGES

Sankaran, Jaganath; Fearey, Bryan Leo

2017-02-07

The United States has announced that it will deploy Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defense system to the Republic of Korea. Here, China has objected as it fears encirclement. The United States should continue to engage with China via official and other channels to mitigate concerns and avoid misperceptions.

Defense Science and Technology RELIANCE. Defense Technology Objectives Success Stories

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-03-01

27 MD.04 Medical Countermeasures for Botulinum Toxin ...flexibility of U.S. forces. Completed. 1998 SPONSORS DoD Chemical and Biological Defense Program MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES FOR BOTULINUM TOXIN (MD.04) 29...system operates satisfactorily against a high-level jamming environment in the target area. On four AGTFT free flights, the AGTFT flight test vehicles

Raising Minority Academic Achievement: The Department of Defense Model. Pedagogical Inquiry and Praxis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bridglall, Beatrice L.; Gordon, Edmund W.

2003-01-01

This paper describes U.S. Department of Defense Schools, an education system with significant outcomes that may be pertinent to raising academic achievement among minority students. A research group examined the high achievement of African American and Hispanic students in Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) schools. Results find that…

Self-Handicapping, Defensive Pessimism, and Goal Orientation: A Qualitative Study of University Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Andrew J.; Marsh, Herbert W.; Williamson, Alan; Debus, Raymond L.

2003-01-01

Interviews with university students selected as high or low in either self-handicapping or defensive pessimism identified personal perspectives on the nature of self-handicapping and defensive pessimism, the perceived reasons why they engage in these strategies and the perceived advantages that follow from them, and the extent to which ego goals…

What really bothers China about THAAD? 'WHY CHINA BOTHERS ABOUT THAAD MISSILE DEFENSE'

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sankaran, Jaganath; Fearey, Bryan Leo

The United States has announced that it will deploy Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defense system to the Republic of Korea. Here, China has objected as it fears encirclement. The United States should continue to engage with China via official and other channels to mitigate concerns and avoid misperceptions.

Proteome analysis of Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to bacterial volatiles.

PubMed

Kwon, Young Sang; Ryu, Choong-Min; Lee, Soohyun; Park, Hyo Bee; Han, Ki Soo; Lee, Jung Han; Lee, Kyunghee; Chung, Woo Sik; Jeong, Mi-Jeong; Kim, Hee Kyu; Bae, Dong-Won

2010-11-01

Plant root-associated bacteria (rhizobacteria) elicit plant basal immunity referred to as induced systemic resistance (ISR) against multiple pathogens. Among multi-bacterial determinants involving such ISR, the induction of ISR and promotion of growth by bacterial volatile compounds was previously reported. To exploit global de novo expression of plant proteins by bacterial volatiles, proteomic analysis was performed after exposure of Arabidopsis plants to the rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis GB03. Ethylene biosynthesis enzymes were significantly up-regulated. Analysis by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed that ethylene biosynthesis-related genes SAM-2, ACS4, ACS12, and ACO2 as well as ethylene response genes, ERF1, GST2, and CHIB were up-regulated by the exposure to bacterial volatiles. More interestingly, the emission of bacterial volatiles significantly up-regulated both key defense mechanisms mediated by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways. In addition, high accumulation of antioxidant proteins also provided evidence of decreased sensitivity to reactive oxygen species during the elicitation of ISR by bacterial volatiles. The present results suggest that the proteomic analysis of plant defense responses in bacterial volatile-mediated ISR can reveal the mechanisms of plant basal defenses orchestrated by endogenous ethylene production pathways and the generation of reactive oxygen species.

Strategy to Improve Naval Shipbuilding Industry Self-Reliance in Indonesia

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-01

investment in the defense industry sector. As the biggest archipelagic country in the world, Indonesia’s demand for maritime technology is high . It...the growth of the maritime industry around the country. However, the naval shipbuilding industry carries high risk and requires high capital for...the high threat level with the region, India and South Korea give more attention to national security by providing a higher budget for defense

Trade-offs between acquired and innate immune defenses in humans

PubMed Central

McDade, Thomas W.; Georgiev, Alexander V.; Kuzawa, Christopher W.

2016-01-01

Immune defenses provide resistance against infectious disease that is critical to survival. But immune defenses are costly, and limited resources allocated to immunity are not available for other physiological or developmental processes. We propose a framework for explaining variation in patterns of investment in two important subsystems of anti-pathogen defense: innate (non-specific) and acquired (specific) immunity. The developmental costs of acquired immunity are high, but the costs of maintenance and activation are relatively low. Innate immunity imposes lower upfront developmental costs, but higher operating costs. Innate defenses are mobilized quickly and are effective against novel pathogens. Acquired responses are less effective against novel exposures, but more effective against secondary exposures due to immunological memory. Based on their distinct profiles of costs and effectiveness, we propose that the balance of investment in innate versus acquired immunity is variable, and that this balance is optimized in response to local ecological conditions early in development. Nutritional abundance, high pathogen exposure and low signals of extrinsic mortality risk during sensitive periods of immune development should all favor relatively higher levels of investment in acquired immunity. Undernutrition, low pathogen exposure, and high mortality risk should favor innate immune defenses. The hypothesis provides a framework for organizing prior empirical research on the impact of developmental environments on innate and acquired immunity, and suggests promising directions for future research in human ecological immunology. PMID:26739325

Green Products and Services from the Defense Logistics Agency: Support for Environmental Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-07

CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING...ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) Defense Logistics Agency,DES-E,8725 John J. Kingman Road,Fort Belvoir,VA,22060-6221 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT...NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM( S ) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER( S ) 12

Reforming Acquisition: This Time Must Be Different

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-30

Ñçê=fåÑçêãÉÇ=`Ü~åÖÉ= - 227 -  Increase the use of multi-year procurements.  Develop strategies to mitigate risk and improve performance in system-of...number of strategies to train and empower the workforce to shift from a “risk averse,” strict compliance mindset, into a performance -oriented approach...20Regulatory%20Costs2 0on%20Small%20Firms%20(Summary). pdf Dale, C. (2014, February). The 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and defense strategy

Is protection against florivory consistent with the optimal defense hypothesis?

PubMed

Godschalx, Adrienne L; Stady, Lauren; Watzig, Benjamin; Ballhorn, Daniel J

2016-01-28

Plant defense traits require resources and energy that plants may otherwise use for growth and reproduction. In order to most efficiently protect plant tissues from herbivory, one widely accepted assumption of the optimal defense hypothesis states that plants protect tissues most relevant to fitness. Reproductive organs directly determining plant fitness, including flowers and immature fruit, as well as young, productive leaf tissue thus should be particularly well-defended. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the cyanogenic potential (HCNp)-a direct, chemical defense-systemically expressed in vegetative and reproductive organs in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), and we tested susceptibility of these organs in bioassays with a generalist insect herbivore, the Large Yellow Underwing (Noctuidae: Noctua pronuba). To determine the actual impact of either florivory (herbivory on flowers) or folivory on seed production as a measure of maternal fitness, we removed varying percentages of total flowers or young leaf tissue and quantified developing fruit, seeds, and seed viability. We found extremely low HCNp in flowers (8.66 ± 2.19 μmol CN(-) g(-1) FW in young, white flowers, 6.23 ± 1.25 μmol CN(-) g(-1) FW in mature, yellow flowers) and in pods (ranging from 32.05 ± 7.08 to 0.09 ± 0.08 μmol CN(-) g(-1) FW in young to mature pods, respectively) whereas young leaves showed high levels of defense (67.35 ± 3.15 μmol CN(-) g(-1) FW). Correspondingly, herbivores consumed more flowers than any other tissue, which, when taken alone, appears to contradict the optimal defense hypothesis. However, experimentally removing flowers did not significantly impact fitness, while leaf tissue removal significantly reduced production of viable seeds. Even though flowers were the least defended and most consumed, our results support the optimal defense hypothesis due to i) the lack of flower removal effects on fitness and ii) the high defense investment in young leaves, which have high consequences for fitness. These data highlight the importance of considering plant defense interactions from multiple angles; interpreting where empirical data fit within any plant defense hypothesis requires understanding the fitness consequences associated with the observed defense pattern.

Prophage-mediated defense against viral attack and viral counter-defense

PubMed Central

Dedrick, Rebekah M.; Jacobs-Sera, Deborah; Guerrero Bustamante, Carlos A.; Garlena, Rebecca A.; Mavrich, Travis N.; Pope, Welkin H.; Reyes, Juan C Cervantes; Russell, Daniel A.; Adair, Tamarah; Alvey, Richard; Bonilla, J. Alfred; Bricker, Jerald S.; Brown, Bryony R.; Byrnes, Deanna; Cresawn, Steven G.; Davis, William B.; Dickson, Leon A.; Edgington, Nicholas P.; Findley, Ann M.; Golebiewska, Urszula; Grose, Julianne H.; Hayes, Cory F.; Hughes, Lee E.; Hutchison, Keith W.; Isern, Sharon; Johnson, Allison A.; Kenna, Margaret A.; Klyczek, Karen K.; Mageeney, Catherine M.; Michael, Scott F.; Molloy, Sally D.; Montgomery, Matthew T.; Neitzel, James; Page, Shallee T.; Pizzorno, Marie C.; Poxleitner, Marianne K.; Rinehart, Claire A.; Robinson, Courtney J.; Rubin, Michael R.; Teyim, Joseph N.; Vazquez, Edwin; Ware, Vassie C.; Washington, Jacqueline; Hatfull, Graham F.

2017-01-01

Temperate phages are common and prophages are abundant residents of sequenced bacterial genomes. Mycobacteriophages are viruses infecting mycobacterial hosts including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis, encompass substantial genetic diversity, and are commonly temperate. Characterization of ten Cluster N temperate mycobacteriophages reveals at least five distinct prophage-expressed viral defense systems that interfere with infection of lytic and temperate phages that are either closely-related (homotypic defense) or unrelated (heterotypic defense). Target specificity is unpredictable, ranging from a single target phage to one-third of those tested. The defense systems include a single-subunit restriction system, a heterotypic exclusion system, and a predicted (p)ppGpp synthetase, which blocks lytic phage growth, promotes bacterial survival, and enables efficient lysogeny. The predicted (p)ppGpp synthetase coded by the Phrann prophage defends against phage Tweety infection, but Tweety codes for a tetrapeptide repeat protein, gp54, that acts as a highly effective counter-defense system. Prophage-mediated viral defense offers an efficient mechanism for bacterial success in host-virus dynamics, and counter-defense promotes phage co-evolution. PMID:28067906

Situational Awareness as a Measure of Performance in Cyber Security Collaborative Work

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Malviya, Ashish; Fink, Glenn A.; Sego, Landon H.

Cyber defense competitions arising from U.S. service academy exercises, offer a platform for collecting data that can inform research that ranges from characterizing the ideal cyber warrior to describing behaviors during certain challenging cyber defense situations. This knowledge in turn could lead to better preparation of cyber defenders in both military and civilian settings. We conducted proof of concept experimentation to collect data during the Pacific-rim Regional Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition (PRCCDC) and analyzed it to study the behavior of cyber defenders. We propose that situational awareness predicts performance of cyber security professionals, and in this paper we focus onmore » our collection and analysis of competition data to determine whether it supports our hypothesis. In addition to normal cyber data, we collected situational awareness and workload data and compared it against the performance of cyber defenders as indicated by their competition score. We conclude that there is a weak correlation between our measure of situational awareness and performance that we hope to exploit in further studies.« less

Self-reported immature defense style as a predictor of outcome in short-term and long-term psychotherapy.

PubMed

Laaksonen, Maarit A; Sirkiä, Carlos; Knekt, Paul; Lindfors, Olavi

2014-07-01

Identification of pretreatment patient characteristics predictive of psychotherapy outcome could help to guide treatment choices. This study evaluates patients' initial level of immature defense style as a predictor of the outcome of short-term versus long-term psychotherapy. In the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study, 326 adult outpatients with mood or anxiety disorder were randomized to individual short-term (psychodynamic or solution-focused) or long-term (psychodynamic) psychotherapy. Their defense style was assessed at baseline using the 88-item Defense Style Questionnaire and classified as low or high around the median value of the respective score. Both specific (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS], Symptom Check List Anxiety Scale [SCL-90-Anx], Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [HARS]) and global (Symptom Check List Global Severity Index [SCL-90-GSI], Global Assessment of Functioning Scale [GAF]) psychiatric symptoms were measured at baseline and 3-7 times during a 3-year follow-up. Patients with high use of immature defense style experienced greater symptom reduction in long-term than in short-term psychotherapy by the end of the 3-year follow-up (50% vs. 34%). Patients with low use of immature defense style experienced faster symptom reduction in short-term than in long-term psychotherapy during the first year of follow-up (34% vs. 19%). Knowledge of patients' initial level of immature defense style may potentially be utilized in tailoring treatments. Further research on defense styles as outcome predictors in psychotherapies of different types is needed.

Metabolomics of cereals under biotic stress: current knowledge and techniques

PubMed Central

Balmer, Dirk; Flors, Victor; Glauser, Gaetan; Mauch-Mani, Brigitte

2013-01-01

Prone to attacks by pathogens and pests, plants employ intricate chemical defense mechanisms consisting of metabolic adaptations. However, many plant attackers are manipulating the host metabolism to counteract defense responses and to induce favorable nutritional conditions. Advances in analytical chemistry have allowed the generation of extensive metabolic profiles during plant-pathogen and pest interactions. Thereby, metabolic processes were found to be highly specific for given tissues, species, and plant-pathogen/pest interactions. The clusters of identified compounds not only serve as base in the quest of novel defense compounds, but also as markers for the characterization of the plants' defensive state. The latter is especially useful in agronomic applications where meaningful markers are essential for crop protection. Cereals such as maize make use of their metabolic arsenal during both local and systemic defense responses, and the chemical response is highly adapted to specific attackers. Here, we summarize highlights and recent findings of metabolic patterns of cereals under pathogen and pest attack. PMID:23630531

Subjective overachievement: individual differences in self-doubt and concern with performance.

PubMed

Oleson, K C; Poehlmann, K M; Yost, J H; Lynch, M E; Arkin, R M

2000-06-01

We discuss the construct of doubt about one's competence and suggest that doubt can have myriad consequences (e.g., self-handicapping, defensive pessimism). We focus on the effect of self-doubt when it is combined with a concern with performance and assert that this combination leads to the phenomenon of subjective overachievement. In two studies, we present a new 17-item Subjective Overachievement Scale (SOS), which includes two independent subscales measuring individual differences in self-doubt and concern with performance. The first study, consisting of two large samples (Ns = 2,311 and 1,703), provides evidence that the scale has high internal consistency and a clear two-factor structure. Additionally, the subscales have adequate test-retest reliability (Ns = 67 and 115). A second study reveals that the SOS has good convergent and discriminant validity. Both subscales are unrelated to social desirability but exhibit the predicted patterns of associations with other related constructs. The Concern with Performance Subscale is correlated with achievement motivation, whereas the Self-Doubt Subscale is correlated with scales assessing negative affectivity (e.g., self-esteem, social anxiety) and other self-related strategies associated with concerns about one's competence (e.g., self-handicapping, defensive pessimism, impostor phenomenon). The SOS, which combines the two subscales, appears to tap a unique strategy that individuals may use to deal with doubts about their own competence.

Defensive medicine among obstetricians and gynaecologists in Turkey.

PubMed

Küçük, Mert

2018-02-01

In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in medical malpractice litigations against OB/GYNs in Turkey and globally. This high litigation atmosphere may have changed attitudes, behaviour and practice of OB/GYNs. In the current study, opinions and attitudes of OB/GYNs regarding defensive medicine and to what extent they practice it were investigated. One hundred and eight OB/GYNs participated in the study. All participants found obstetrics and gynaecology riskier when compared with other medical branches and reported that they were increasingly practising defensive medicine. The majority of the OB/GYNs stated that they abstained from many risky interventions and expressed their belief that the high caesarean section (C-section) rate was associated with medico-legal concerns. The majority of the participants supported enacting of a specific medical malpractice law and supported the establishment of medically specialised courts. These regulations demanded by OB/GYNs should be taken into account by health authorities. Impact statement What is already known on this subject: In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in medical malpractice litigations against OB/GYNs in Turkey and globally. Turkey has serious problems with the high C-section rate, which has been suggested to be related to medicolegal issues in a previous research. Fifty-one percent of babies, namely most of them, are delivered via C-section. There is no specific medical malpractice law and medically specialised court in Turkey. What the results of this study add: It seems like there is a professional liability crisis among OB/GYNs in Turkey. OB/GYNs reported that they were increasingly practising defensive medicine, and stated that they abstained from many risky interventions. A high C-section rate was found to be related to medicolegal concerns in OB/GYNs' perspective in the current study. OB/GYNs demanded some reasonable regulations. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Regulations demanded by OB/GYNs, which were probed in the current study, such as enacting a specific medical malpractice law and establishment of a medically specialised court, should be taken into account by health authorities in Turkey. The findings of the current study is believed to produce important results for the success of Health transformation programme put into practice in Turkey, which was not able to stop increasing C-section rates. Studies evaluating the direct or indirect costs related to defensive medicine practices of OB/GYNs in Turkey should be performed in subsequent research.