Sample records for definitive process design

  1. The MSFC Collaborative Engineering Process for Preliminary Design and Concept Definition Studies

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mulqueen, Jack; Jones, David; Hopkins, Randy

    2011-01-01

    This paper describes a collaborative engineering process developed by the Marshall Space Flight Center's Advanced Concepts Office for performing rapid preliminary design and mission concept definition studies for potential future NASA missions. The process has been developed and demonstrated for a broad range of mission studies including human space exploration missions, space transportation system studies and in-space science missions. The paper will describe the design team structure and specialized analytical tools that have been developed to enable a unique rapid design process. The collaborative engineering process consists of integrated analysis approach for mission definition, vehicle definition and system engineering. The relevance of the collaborative process elements to the standard NASA NPR 7120.1 system engineering process will be demonstrated. The study definition process flow for each study discipline will be will be outlined beginning with the study planning process, followed by definition of ground rules and assumptions, definition of study trades, mission analysis and subsystem analyses leading to a standardized set of mission concept study products. The flexibility of the collaborative engineering design process to accommodate a wide range of study objectives from technology definition and requirements definition to preliminary design studies will be addressed. The paper will also describe the applicability of the collaborative engineering process to include an integrated systems analysis approach for evaluating the functional requirements of evolving system technologies and capabilities needed to meet the needs of future NASA programs.

  2. System design from mission definition to flight validation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Batill, S. M.

    1992-01-01

    Considerations related to the engineering systems design process and an approach taken to introduce undergraduate students to that process are presented. The paper includes details on a particular capstone design course. This course is a team oriented aircraft design project which requires the students to participate in many phases of the system design process, from mission definition to validation of their design through flight testing. To accomplish this in a single course requires special types of flight vehicles. Relatively small-scale, remotely piloted vehicles have provided the class of aircraft considered in this course.

  3. An empirical study of the process of crafting and using definitions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Little, Angela Jean

    In this dissertation I analyze the process of crafting definitions whose purpose is classification. The context I examine is undergraduate upper-division physical science majors defining and naming sub-categories of a physical phenomenon in the context of a design task over an extended period of time. The goal of the design task is one of classification: help people better identify the phenomenon out in the world. I first develop an analytic framework for the process of improving a definition. This framework involves an interplay between four main elements: the current state of the definition, criteria for what makes a good definition, examples, and definitionally unarticulated knowledge (DUK). By DUK, I mean implicit judgments that definers make about categorization that have not been incorporated into the definition, per se. I show how criteria and the practices associated with meeting them guide the refinement work. Once participants craft their definition a question emerges: to what extent does it serve them as a tool when they make sense of new examples? I zoom in on moments where new examples are introduced by participants or the facilitator and describe the extent to which students rely on their own crafted definition. The consideration of a new example can sometimes lead to participants naming a new sub-category and I analyze this process as well. The detailed empirical analysis is bookended by a set of workshop design principles that made the analysis possible and some educational implications of the work. I lay out a set of design principles for creating activities wherein people engage productively in collaboratively defining. I conclude by exploring the educational implications for college physics teaching as well as more general instances where one is interested in crafting a definition for the purpose of classification.

  4. Construction of Mathematical Definitions: An Epistemological and Didactical Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ouvrier-Buffet, Cecile

    2004-01-01

    The definition-construction process is central to mathematics. The aim of this paper is to propose a few Situations of Definition-Construction (called SDC) and to study them. Our main objectives are to describe the definition-construction process and to design SDC for classroom. A SDC on "discrete straight line" and its mathematical and…

  5. Investigation on the Flexural Creep Stiffness Behavior of PC-ABS Material Processed by Fused Deposition Modeling Using Response Surface Definitive Screening Design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mohamed, Omar Ahmed; Masood, Syed Hasan; Bhowmik, Jahar Lal

    2017-03-01

    The resistance of polymeric materials to time-dependent plastic deformation is an important requirement of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) design process, its processed products, and their application for long-term loading, durability, and reliability. The creep performance of the material and part processed by FDM is the fundamental criterion for many applications with strict dimensional stability requirements, including medical implants, electrical and electronic products, and various automotive applications. Herein, the effect of FDM fabrication conditions on the flexural creep stiffness behavior of polycarbonate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene processed parts was investigated. A relatively new class of experimental design called "definitive screening design" was adopted for this investigation. The effects of process variables on flexural creep stiffness behavior were monitored, and the best suited quadratic polynomial model with high coefficient of determination ( R 2) value was developed. This study highlights the value of response surface definitive screening design in optimizing properties for the products and materials, and it demonstrates its role and potential application in material processing and additive manufacturing.

  6. EOS image data processing system definition study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gilbert, J.; Honikman, T.; Mcmahon, E.; Miller, E.; Pietrzak, L.; Yorsz, W.

    1973-01-01

    The Image Processing System (IPS) requirements and configuration are defined for NASA-sponsored advanced technology Earth Observatory System (EOS). The scope included investigation and definition of IPS operational, functional, and product requirements considering overall system constraints and interfaces (sensor, etc.) The scope also included investigation of the technical feasibility and definition of a point design reflecting system requirements. The design phase required a survey of present and projected technology related to general and special-purpose processors, high-density digital tape recorders, and image recorders.

  7. An Empirical Study of the Process of Crafting and Using Definitions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Little, Angela Jean

    2013-01-01

    In this dissertation I analyze the process of crafting definitions whose purpose is classification. The context I examine is undergraduate upper-division physical science majors defining and naming sub-categories of a physical phenomenon in the context of a design task over an extended period of time. The goal of the design task is one of…

  8. HAL/SM system functional design specification. [systems analysis and design analysis of central processing units

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ross, C.; Williams, G. P. W., Jr.

    1975-01-01

    The functional design of a preprocessor, and subsystems is described. A structure chart and a data flow diagram are included for each subsystem. Also a group of intermodule interface definitions (one definition per module) is included immediately following the structure chart and data flow for a particular subsystem. Each of these intermodule interface definitions consists of the identification of the module, the function the module is to perform, the identification and definition of parameter interfaces to the module, and any design notes associated with the module. Also described are compilers and computer libraries.

  9. ROMPS critical design review. Volume 2: Robot module design documentation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dobbs, M. E.

    1992-01-01

    The robot module design documentation for the Remote Operated Materials Processing in Space (ROMPS) experiment is compiled. This volume presents the following information: robot module modifications; Easylab commands definitions and flowcharts; Easylab program definitions and flowcharts; robot module fault conditions and structure charts; and C-DOC flow structure and cross references.

  10. Coal gasification systems engineering and analysis. Appendix A: Coal gasification catalog

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1980-01-01

    The scope of work in preparing the Coal Gasification Data Catalog included the following subtasks: (1) candidate system subsystem definition, (2) raw materials analysis, (3) market analysis for by-products, (4) alternate products analysis, (5) preliminary integrated facility requirements. Definition of candidate systems/subsystems includes the identity of and alternates for each process unit, raw material requirements, and the cost and design drivers for each process design.

  11. 76 FR 70368 - Disaster Designation Process

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-14

    ... two steps for natural disasters, including special provisions for certain drought situations. FSA.... Proposed Change in Natural Disaster Definition Under the current regulations, producers with eligible... in 7 CFR 759.3 a definition of ``natural disaster'' that is consistent with the definition of...

  12. Efficient high-throughput biological process characterization: Definitive screening design with the ambr250 bioreactor system.

    PubMed

    Tai, Mitchell; Ly, Amanda; Leung, Inne; Nayar, Gautam

    2015-01-01

    The burgeoning pipeline for new biologic drugs has increased the need for high-throughput process characterization to efficiently use process development resources. Breakthroughs in highly automated and parallelized upstream process development have led to technologies such as the 250-mL automated mini bioreactor (ambr250™) system. Furthermore, developments in modern design of experiments (DoE) have promoted the use of definitive screening design (DSD) as an efficient method to combine factor screening and characterization. Here we utilize the 24-bioreactor ambr250™ system with 10-factor DSD to demonstrate a systematic experimental workflow to efficiently characterize an Escherichia coli (E. coli) fermentation process for recombinant protein production. The generated process model is further validated by laboratory-scale experiments and shows how the strategy is useful for quality by design (QbD) approaches to control strategies for late-stage characterization. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

  13. Development of Integrated Programs for Aerospace-Vehicle Design (IPAD)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Anderson, O. L.; Calvery, A. L.; Davis, D. A.; Dickmann, L.; Folger, D. H.; Jochem, E. N.; Kitto, C. M.; Vonlimbach, G.

    1977-01-01

    Integrated Programs for Aerospace Vehicle Design (IPAD) system design requirements are given. The information is based on the IPAD User Requirements Document (D6-IPAD-70013-D) and the Integrated Information Processing Requirements Document (D6-IPAD-70012-D). General information about IPAD and a list of the system design requirements that are to be satisfied by the IPAD system are given. The system design requirements definition is to be considered as a baseline definition of the IPAD system design requirements.

  14. Optimization in the systems engineering process

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lemmerman, Loren A.

    1993-01-01

    The essential elements of the design process consist of the mission definition phase that provides the system requirements, the conceptual design, the preliminary design and finally the detailed design. Mission definition is performed largely by operations analysts in conjunction with the customer. The result of their study is handed off to the systems engineers for documentation as the systems requirements. The document that provides these requirements is the basis for the further design work of the design engineers at the Lockheed-Georgia Company. The design phase actually begins with conceptual design, which is generally conducted by a small group of engineers using multidisciplinary design programs. Because of the complexity of the design problem, the analyses are relatively simple and generally dependent on parametric analyses of the configuration. The result of this phase is a baseline configuration from which preliminary design may be initiated.

  15. Knowledge management in the engineering design environment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Briggs, Hugh C.

    2006-01-01

    The Aerospace and Defense industry is experiencing an increasing loss of knowledge through workforce reductions associated with business consolidation and retirement of senior personnel. Significant effort is being placed on process definition as part of ISO certification and, more recently, CMMI certification. The process knowledge in these efforts represents the simplest of engineering knowledge and many organizations are trying to get senior engineers to write more significant guidelines, best practices and design manuals. A new generation of design software, known as Product Lifecycle Management systems, has many mechanisms for capturing and deploying a wider variety of engineering knowledge than simple process definitions. These hold the promise of significant improvements through reuse of prior designs, codification of practices in workflows, and placement of detailed how-tos at the point of application.

  16. Integrated Design System (IDS) Tools for the Spacecraft Aeroassist/Entry Vehicle Design Process

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Olynick, David; Braun, Robert; Langhoff, Steven R. (Technical Monitor)

    1997-01-01

    The definition of the Integrated Design System technology focus area as presented in the NASA Information Technology center of excellence strategic plan is described. The need for IDS tools in the aeroassist/entry vehicle design process is illustrated. Initial and future plans for spacecraft IDS tool development are discussed.

  17. SEDS experiment design definition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carroll, Joseph A.; Alexander, Charles M.; Oldson, John C.

    1990-01-01

    The Small Expendable-tether Deployment System (SEDS) was developed to design, build, integrate, fly, and safely deploy and release an expendable tether. A suitable concept for an on-orbit test of SEDS was developed. The following tasks were performed: (1) Define experiment objectives and requirements; (2) Define experiment concepts to reach those objectives; (3) Support NASA in experiment concept selection and definition; (4) Perform analyses and tests of SEDS hardware; (5) Refine the selected SEDS experiment concept; and (6) Support interactive SEDS system definition process. Results and conclusions are given.

  18. 40 CFR 63.1503 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... is contained. Group 1 furnace means a furnace of any design that melts, holds, or processes aluminum..., or processes clean charge with reactive fluxing. Group 2 furnace means a furnace of any design that...-on air pollution control device means equipment installed on a process vent that reduces the quantity...

  19. 40 CFR 63.1503 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... is contained. Group 1 furnace means a furnace of any design that melts, holds, or processes aluminum..., or processes clean charge with reactive fluxing. Group 2 furnace means a furnace of any design that...-on air pollution control device means equipment installed on a process vent that reduces the quantity...

  20. A Mathematical Experience Involving Defining Processes: In-Action Definitions and Zero-Definitions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ouvrier-Buffet, Cecile

    2011-01-01

    In this paper, a focus is made on defining processes at stake in an unfamiliar situation coming from discrete mathematics which brings surprising mathematical results. The epistemological framework of Lakatos is questioned and used for the design and the analysis of the situation. The cognitive background of Vergnaud's approach enriches the study…

  1. Managing Analysis Models in the Design Process

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Briggs, Clark

    2006-01-01

    Design of large, complex space systems depends on significant model-based support for exploration of the design space. Integrated models predict system performance in mission-relevant terms given design descriptions and multiple physics-based numerical models. Both the design activities and the modeling activities warrant explicit process definitions and active process management to protect the project from excessive risk. Software and systems engineering processes have been formalized and similar formal process activities are under development for design engineering and integrated modeling. JPL is establishing a modeling process to define development and application of such system-level models.

  2. 40 CFR 63.1503 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... is contained. Group 1 furnace means a furnace of any design that melts, holds, or processes aluminum..., or processes clean charge with reactive fluxing. Group 2 furnace means a furnace of any design that... section as follows: Add-on air pollution control device means equipment installed on a process vent that...

  3. 40 CFR 63.1503 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... is contained. Group 1 furnace means a furnace of any design that melts, holds, or processes aluminum..., or processes clean charge with reactive fluxing. Group 2 furnace means a furnace of any design that... section as follows: Add-on air pollution control device means equipment installed on a process vent that...

  4. 40 CFR 63.1503 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... is contained. Group 1 furnace means a furnace of any design that melts, holds, or processes aluminum..., or processes clean charge with reactive fluxing. Group 2 furnace means a furnace of any design that... section as follows: Add-on air pollution control device means equipment installed on a process vent that...

  5. Information management advanced development. Volume 1: Summary

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gerber, C. R.

    1972-01-01

    The information management systems designed for the modular space station are discussed. Subjects presented are: (1) communications terminal breadboard configuration, (2) digital data bus breadboard configuration, (3) data processing assembly definition, and (4) computer program (software) assembly definition.

  6. 23 CFR 940.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDS § 940.3 Definitions. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS... projects or groups of projects. Systems engineering is a structured process for arriving at a final design...

  7. 23 CFR 940.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDS § 940.3 Definitions. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS... projects or groups of projects. Systems engineering is a structured process for arriving at a final design...

  8. 23 CFR 940.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDS § 940.3 Definitions. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS... projects or groups of projects. Systems engineering is a structured process for arriving at a final design...

  9. An application of computer aided requirements analysis to a real time deep space system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Farny, A. M.; Morris, R. V.; Hartsough, C.; Callender, E. D.; Teichroew, D.; Chikofsky, E.

    1981-01-01

    The entire procedure of incorporating the requirements and goals of a space flight project into integrated, time ordered sequences of spacecraft commands, is called the uplink process. The Uplink Process Control Task (UPCT) was created to examine the uplink process and determine ways to improve it. The Problem Statement Language/Problem Statement Analyzer (PSL/PSA) designed to assist the designer/analyst/engineer in the preparation of specifications of an information system is used as a supporting tool to aid in the analysis. Attention is given to a definition of the uplink process, the definition of PSL/PSA, the construction of a PSA database, the value of analysis to the study of the uplink process, and the PSL/PSA lessons learned.

  10. Rapid Development: A Content Analysis Comparison of Literature and Purposive Sampling of AFRL Rapid Reaction Projects

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-12-01

    systems engineering technical and technical management processes. Technical Planning, Stakeholders Requirements Development, and Architecture Design were...Stakeholder Requirements Definition, Architecture Design and Technical Planning. A purposive sampling of AFRL rapid development program managers and engineers...emphasize one process over another however Architecture Design , Implementation scored higher among Technical Processes. Decision Analysis, Technical

  11. 14 CFR § 1240.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... experimental or beta phase of development, that performs in accordance with its specifications, and includes... mathematical, engineering or scientific concept, idea, design, process, or product. (h) Innovator means any..., method, process, machine, manufacture, design, or composition of matter, or any new and useful...

  12. Orbital transfer vehicle concept definition and system analysis study, 1985. Volume 2: OTV concept definition and evaluation. Book 2: OTV concept definition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dickman, Glen J.; Keeley, J. T.

    1985-01-01

    This portion of the Orbit Transfer Vehicle (OTV) Concept Definition and System Analysis Study, Volume 2, Book 2, summarizes the flight vehicle concept selection process and results. It presents an overview of OTV mission and system design requirements and describes the family of OTV recommended, the reasons for this recommendation, and the associated Phase C/D Program.

  13. 14 CFR 1240.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Contributions Board. (d) Commercial quality refers to computer software that is not in an experimental or beta..., engineering or scientific concept, idea, design, process, or product, reported as new technology on NASA Form...) Invention includes any act, method, process, machine, manufacture, design, or composition of matter, or any...

  14. 14 CFR 1240.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Contributions Board. (d) Commercial quality refers to computer software that is not in an experimental or beta..., engineering or scientific concept, idea, design, process, or product, reported as new technology on NASA Form...) Invention includes any act, method, process, machine, manufacture, design, or composition of matter, or any...

  15. Design requirements for operational earth resources ground data processing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baldwin, C. J.; Bradford, L. H.; Burnett, E. S.; Hutson, D. E.; Kinsler, B. A.; Kugle, D. R.; Webber, D. S.

    1972-01-01

    Realistic tradeoff data and evaluation techniques were studied that permit conceptual design of operational earth resources ground processing systems. Methodology for determining user requirements that utilize the limited information available from users is presented along with definitions of sensor capabilities projected into the shuttle/station era. A tentative method is presented for synthesizing candidate ground processing concepts.

  16. Process characterization and Design Space definition.

    PubMed

    Hakemeyer, Christian; McKnight, Nathan; St John, Rick; Meier, Steven; Trexler-Schmidt, Melody; Kelley, Brian; Zettl, Frank; Puskeiler, Robert; Kleinjans, Annika; Lim, Fred; Wurth, Christine

    2016-09-01

    Quality by design (QbD) is a global regulatory initiative with the goal of enhancing pharmaceutical development through the proactive design of pharmaceutical manufacturing process and controls to consistently deliver the intended performance of the product. The principles of pharmaceutical development relevant to QbD are described in the ICH guidance documents (ICHQ8-11). An integrated set of risk assessments and their related elements developed at Roche/Genentech were designed to provide an overview of product and process knowledge for the production of a recombinant monoclonal antibody (MAb). This chapter describes the tools used for the characterization and validation of MAb manufacturing process under the QbD paradigm. This comprises risk assessments for the identification of potential Critical Process Parameters (pCPPs), statistically designed experimental studies as well as studies assessing the linkage of the unit operations. Outcome of the studies is the classification of process parameters according to their criticality and the definition of appropriate acceptable ranges of operation. The process and product knowledge gained in these studies can lead to the approval of a Design Space. Additionally, the information gained in these studies are used to define the 'impact' which the manufacturing process can have on the variability of the CQAs, which is used to define the testing and monitoring strategy. Copyright © 2016 International Alliance for Biological Standardization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Phase A design study of microgravity fluoride fiber puller

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Workman, Gary L.; Smith, Guy A.; Kosten, Susan

    1994-01-01

    Improved transmission properties for fluoride fibers due to space processing has great potential for commercial benefits. Phase A design study will determine conceptual feasibility and provide initial definition of the technical requirements and design issues for space.

  18. Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Computers but Were Afraid to Ask.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DiSpezio, Michael A.

    1989-01-01

    An overview of the basics of computers is presented. Definitions and discussions of processing, programs, memory, DOS, anatomy and design, central processing unit (CPU), disk drives, floppy disks, and peripherals are included. This article was designed to help teachers to understand basic computer terminology. (CW)

  19. A Framework for Preliminary Design of Aircraft Structures Based on Process Information. Part 1

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rais-Rohani, Masoud

    1998-01-01

    This report discusses the general framework and development of a computational tool for preliminary design of aircraft structures based on process information. The described methodology is suitable for multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) activities associated with integrated product and process development (IPPD). The framework consists of three parts: (1) product and process definitions; (2) engineering synthesis, and (3) optimization. The product and process definitions are part of input information provided by the design team. The backbone of the system is its ability to analyze a given structural design for performance as well as manufacturability and cost assessment. The system uses a database on material systems and manufacturing processes. Based on the identified set of design variables and an objective function, the system is capable of performing optimization subject to manufacturability, cost, and performance constraints. The accuracy of the manufacturability measures and cost models discussed here depend largely on the available data on specific methods of manufacture and assembly and associated labor requirements. As such, our focus in this research has been on the methodology itself and not so much on its accurate implementation in an industrial setting. A three-tier approach is presented for an IPPD-MDO based design of aircraft structures. The variable-complexity cost estimation methodology and an approach for integrating manufacturing cost assessment into design process are also discussed. This report is presented in two parts. In the first part, the design methodology is presented, and the computational design tool is described. In the second part, a prototype model of the preliminary design Tool for Aircraft Structures based on Process Information (TASPI) is described. Part two also contains an example problem that applies the methodology described here for evaluation of six different design concepts for a wing spar.

  20. Knowledge Management in Instructional Design. ERIC Digest.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Spector, J. Michael; Edmonds, Gerald S.

    This digest reviews what instructional designers do, describes knowledge management, and indicates how knowledge management is influencing instructional design. The first section defines instructional design (ID) and briefly describes the ID process. The second section covers knowledge management (KM), including definitions of KM and systems,…

  1. Geometry and Function Definition for Discrete Analysis and Its Relationship to the Design Data Base.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-08-01

    clarif y its dependenc e on the design process as a whole . The model generation capabilities of a state—of—the—art structural analysis system ( GIFTS ...a whole. The model generat ion capabilit ies of a state—of—the—art structural analysis system ( GIFTS 4), heav ily oriented toward s pre— and post...independentl y at a later stage. Ii . 1,1 ~1E TP IC HIER.ARCHY ~)F DEFINITION IN GIFTS ‘+ A three-d imensional object , to be designed or analyz ed

  2. Automated Finite Element Analysis of Elastically-Tailored Plates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jegley, Dawn C. (Technical Monitor); Tatting, Brian F.; Guerdal, Zafer

    2003-01-01

    A procedure for analyzing and designing elastically tailored composite laminates using the STAGS finite element solver has been presented. The methodology used to produce the elastic tailoring, namely computer-controlled steering of unidirectionally reinforced composite material tows, has been reduced to a handful of design parameters along with a selection of construction methods. The generality of the tow-steered ply definition provides the user a wide variety of options for laminate design, which can be automatically incorporated with any finite element model that is composed of STAGS shell elements. Furthermore, the variable stiffness parameterization is formulated so that manufacturability can be assessed during the design process, plus new ideas using tow steering concepts can be easily integrated within the general framework of the elastic tailoring definitions. Details for the necessary implementation of the tow-steering definitions within the STAGS hierarchy is provided, and the format of the ply definitions is discussed in detail to provide easy access to the elastic tailoring choices. Integration of the automated STAGS solver with laminate design software has been demonstrated, so that the large design space generated by the tow-steering options can be traversed effectively. Several design problems are presented which confirm the usefulness of the design tool as well as further establish the potential of tow-steered plies for laminate design.

  3. DEFINITIVE SOX CONTROL PROCESS EVALUATIONS: LIMESTONE, DOUBLE ALKALI, AND CITRATE FGD PROCESSES

    EPA Science Inventory

    The report gives results of a detailed comparative technical and economic evaluation of limestone slurry, generic double alkali, and citrate flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes, assuming proven technology and using representative power plant, process design, and economic pre...

  4. 14 CFR 1240.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Definitions. 1240.102 Section 1240.102... Contributions Board. (d) Commercial quality refers to computer software that is not in an experimental or beta..., engineering or scientific concept, idea, design, process, or product, reported as new technology on NASA Form...

  5. Task Definition: A Motivating Task = Eager Learners!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jansen, Barbara A.

    2005-01-01

    Teachers who design meaningful and developmentally appropriate tasks will motivate their students to engage in the content and as students work through the Big6 process, interacting with the content, they learn and practice information and technology skills. A valuable task definition technique is to develop questions that students in each group…

  6. Parity in Designing, Conducting, and Evaluating Teacher Education Programs: A Conceptual Definition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Caruso, Joseph J.

    Individuals, agencies, and institutions involved in the education and employment of teachers conceptually defined parity relevant to the decision-making process in planning, conducting, and evaluating teacher education programs and translated the conceptual definition into an instrument for describing parity in consortium-centered teacher…

  7. Professionalism in Culinary Arts: Perceptions and Assessments for Training and Curricular Design

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mack, Glenn R.

    2012-01-01

    The researcher designed this mixed-methods dissertation to delve further into the definition of professionalism for cooks and chefs within the culinary arts industry. The researcher also explored the process of professionalization (i.e., the process by which members attempt to transform their occupation into a profession) within the field of…

  8. Glass sealing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brow, R.K.; Kovacic, L.; Chambers, R.S.

    1996-04-01

    Hernetic glass sealing technologies developed for weapons component applications can be utilized for the design and manufacture of fuel cells. Design and processing of of a seal are optimized through an integrated approach based on glass composition research, finite element analysis, and sealing process definition. Glass sealing procedures are selected to accommodate the limits imposed by glass composition and predicted calculations.

  9. 2017 Cardiovascular and Stroke Endpoint Definitions for Clinical Trials.

    PubMed

    Hicks, Karen A; Mahaffey, Kenneth W; Mehran, Roxana; Nissen, Steven E; Wiviott, Stephen D; Dunn, Billy; Solomon, Scott D; Marler, John R; Teerlink, John R; Farb, Andrew; Morrow, David A; Targum, Shari L; Sila, Cathy A; Hai, Mary T Thanh; Jaff, Michael R; Joffe, Hylton V; Cutlip, Donald E; Desai, Akshay S; Lewis, Eldrin F; Gibson, C Michael; Landray, Martin J; Lincoff, A Michael; White, Christopher J; Brooks, Steven S; Rosenfield, Kenneth; Domanski, Michael J; Lansky, Alexandra J; McMurray, John J V; Tcheng, James E; Steinhubl, Steven R; Burton, Paul; Mauri, Laura; O'Connor, Christopher M; Pfeffer, Marc A; Hung, H M James; Stockbridge, Norman L; Chaitman, Bernard R; Temple, Robert J

    2018-02-27

    This publication describes uniform definitions for cardiovascular and stroke outcomes developed by the Standardized Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA established the Standardized Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative in 2009 to simplify the design and conduct of clinical trials intended to support marketing applications. The writing committee recognizes that these definitions may be used in other types of clinical trials and clinical care processes where appropriate. Use of these definitions at the FDA has enhanced the ability to aggregate data within and across medical product development programs, conduct meta-analyses to evaluate cardiovascular safety, integrate data from multiple trials, and compare effectiveness of drugs and devices. Further study is needed to determine whether prospective data collection using these common definitions improves the design, conduct, and interpretability of the results of clinical trials. © 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.

  10. Defining and Building an Enriched Learning and Information Environment.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Goodrum, David A.; And Others

    1993-01-01

    Discusses the development of an Enriched Learning and Information Environment (ELIE). Highlights include technology-based and theory-based frameworks for defining ELIEs; a socio-technical definition; a conceptual prototype; a participatory design process, including iterative design through rapid prototyping; and design issues for technology…

  11. 15 CFR 801.7 - General definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., transportation, communications and data processing, retail and wholesale trade, advertising, accounting, construction, design, engineering, management consulting, real estate, professional services, entertainment...

  12. 15 CFR 801.7 - General definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., transportation, communications and data processing, retail and wholesale trade, advertising, accounting, construction, design, engineering, management consulting, real estate, professional services, entertainment...

  13. The Nature of Peer Coaching: Definitions, Goals, Processes and Outcomes

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hagen, Marcia S.; Bialek, Tani K.; Peterson, Shari L.

    2017-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this research is to create a definition of peer coaching using literature from various and disparate organizational and educational contexts. This research is intended to clarify what constitutes peer coaching overall, and guide the ever-growing practice of peer coaching. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a…

  14. 10 CFR 21.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... dedication process. (2) When applied to standard design certifications under subpart C of part 52 of this... CFR part 50, dedicating entity means the organization that performs the dedication process. Dedication... auditable records of the dedication process. Dedication. (1) When applied to nuclear power plants licensed...

  15. 10 CFR 21.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... dedication process. (2) When applied to standard design certifications under subpart C of part 52 of this... CFR part 50, dedicating entity means the organization that performs the dedication process. Dedication... auditable records of the dedication process. Dedication. (1) When applied to nuclear power plants licensed...

  16. 10 CFR 21.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... dedication process. (2) When applied to standard design certifications under subpart C of part 52 of this... CFR part 50, dedicating entity means the organization that performs the dedication process. Dedication... auditable records of the dedication process. Dedication. (1) When applied to nuclear power plants licensed...

  17. 10 CFR 21.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... dedication process. (2) When applied to standard design certifications under subpart C of part 52 of this... CFR part 50, dedicating entity means the organization that performs the dedication process. Dedication... auditable records of the dedication process. Dedication. (1) When applied to nuclear power plants licensed...

  18. 10 CFR 21.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... dedication process. (2) When applied to standard design certifications under subpart C of part 52 of this... CFR part 50, dedicating entity means the organization that performs the dedication process. Dedication... auditable records of the dedication process. Dedication. (1) When applied to nuclear power plants licensed...

  19. Design requirements and development of an airborne descent path definition algorithm for time navigation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Izumi, K. H.; Thompson, J. L.; Groce, J. L.; Schwab, R. W.

    1986-01-01

    The design requirements for a 4D path definition algorithm are described. These requirements were developed for the NASA ATOPS as an extension of the Local Flow Management/Profile Descent algorithm. They specify the processing flow, functional and data architectures, and system input requirements, and recommended the addition of a broad path revision (reinitialization) function capability. The document also summarizes algorithm design enhancements and the implementation status of the algorithm on an in-house PDP-11/70 computer. Finally, the requirements for the pilot-computer interfaces, the lateral path processor, and guidance and steering function are described.

  20. 40 CFR 98.468 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... design capacity, the calculation must include a site-specific density. If the design capacity is within... process that can reasonably be expected to change the site-specific waste density, the site-specific waste density must be redetermined and the design capacity must be recalculated based on the new waste density...

  1. 40 CFR 98.468 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... design capacity, the calculation must include a site-specific density. If the design capacity is within... process that can reasonably be expected to change the site-specific waste density, the site-specific waste density must be redetermined and the design capacity must be recalculated based on the new waste density...

  2. Mapping Turnaround Times (TAT) to a Generic Timeline: A Systematic Review of TAT Definitions in Clinical Domains

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background Assessing turnaround times can help to analyse workflows in hospital information systems. This paper presents a systematic review of literature concerning different turnaround time definitions. Our objectives were to collect relevant literature with respect to this kind of process times in hospitals and their respective domains. We then analysed the existing definitions and summarised them in an appropriate format. Methods Our search strategy was based on Pubmed queries and manual reviews of the bibliographies of retrieved articles. Studies were included if precise definitions of turnaround times were available. A generic timeline was designed through a consensus process to provide an overview of these definitions. Results More than 1000 articles were analysed and resulted in 122 papers. Of those, 162 turnaround time definitions in different clinical domains were identified. Starting and end points vary between these domains. To illustrate those turnaround time definitions, a generic timeline was constructed using preferred terms derived from the identified definitions. The consensus process resulted in the following 15 terms: admission, order, biopsy/examination, receipt of specimen in laboratory, procedure completion, interpretation, dictation, transcription, verification, report available, delivery, physician views report, treatment, discharge and discharge letter sent. Based on this analysis, several standard terms for turnaround time definitions are proposed. Conclusion Using turnaround times to benchmark clinical workflows is still difficult, because even within the same clinical domain many different definitions exist. Mapping of turnaround time definitions to a generic timeline is feasible. PMID:21609424

  3. A hierarchical modeling methodology for the definition and selection of requirements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dufresne, Stephane

    This dissertation describes the development of a requirements analysis methodology that takes into account the concept of operations and the hierarchical decomposition of aerospace systems. At the core of the methodology, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is used to ensure the traceability between the qualitative and quantitative information present in the hierarchical model. The proposed methodology is implemented to the requirements definition of a hurricane tracker Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Three research objectives are identified in this work; (1) improve the requirements mapping process by matching the stakeholder expectations with the concept of operations, systems and available resources; (2) reduce the epistemic uncertainty surrounding the requirements and requirements mapping; and (3) improve the requirements down-selection process by taking into account the level of importance of the criteria and the available resources. Several challenges are associated with the identification and definition of requirements. The complexity of the system implies that a large number of requirements are needed to define the systems. These requirements are defined early in the conceptual design, where the level of knowledge is relatively low and the level of uncertainty is large. The proposed methodology intends to increase the level of knowledge and reduce the level of uncertainty by guiding the design team through a structured process. To address these challenges, a new methodology is created to flow-down the requirements from the stakeholder expectations to the systems alternatives. A taxonomy of requirements is created to classify the information gathered during the problem definition. Subsequently, the operational and systems functions and measures of effectiveness are integrated to a hierarchical model to allow the traceability of the information. Monte Carlo methods are used to evaluate the variations of the hierarchical model elements and consequently reduce the epistemic uncertainty. The proposed methodology is applied to the design of a hurricane tracker Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to demonstrate the origin and impact of requirements on the concept of operations and systems alternatives. This research demonstrates that the hierarchical modeling methodology provides a traceable flow-down of the requirements from the problem definition to the systems alternatives phases of conceptual design.

  4. Training Manual for Elements of Interface Definition and Control

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lalli, Vincent R. (Editor); Kastner, Robert E. (Editor); Hartt, Henry N. (Editor)

    1997-01-01

    The primary thrust of this manual is to ensure that the format and information needed to control interfaces between equipment are clear and understandable. The emphasis is on controlling the engineering design of the interface and not on the functional performance requirements of the system or the internal workings of the interfacing equipment. Interface control should take place, with rare exception, at the interfacing elements and no further. There are two essential sections of the manual. Chapter 2, Principles of Interface Control, discusses how interfaces are defined. It describes different types of interfaces to be considered and recommends a format for the documentation necessary for adequate interface control. Chapter 3, The Process: Through the Design Phases, provides tailored guidance for interface definition and control. This manual can be used to improve planned or existing interface control processes during system design and development. It can also be used to refresh and update the corporate knowledge base. The information presented herein will reduce the amount of paper and data required in interface definition and control processes by as much as 50 percent and will shorten the time required to prepare an interface control document. It also highlights the essential technical parameters that ensure that flight subsystems will indeed fit together and function as intended after assembly and checkout.

  5. Technology for the product and process data base

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barnes, R. D.

    1984-01-01

    The computerized product and process data base is increasingly recognized to be the cornerstone component of an overall system aimed at the integrated automation of the industrial processes of a given company or enterprise. The technology needed to support these more effective computer integrated design and manufacturing methods, especially the concept of 3-D computer-sensible product definitions rather than engineering drawings, is not fully available and rationalized. Progress is being made, however, in bridging this technology gap with concentration on the modeling of sophisticated information and data structures, high-performance interactive user interfaces and comprehensive tools for managing the resulting computerized product definition and process data base.

  6. Validation study and routine control monitoring of moist heat sterilization procedures.

    PubMed

    Shintani, Hideharu

    2012-06-01

    The proposed approach to validation of steam sterilization in autoclaves follows the basic life cycle concepts applicable to all validation programs. Understand the function of sterilization process, develop and understand the cycles to carry out the process, and define a suitable test or series of tests to confirm that the function of the process is suitably ensured by the structure provided. Sterilization of product and components and parts that come in direct contact with sterilized product is the most critical of pharmaceutical processes. Consequently, this process requires a most rigorous and detailed approach to validation. An understanding of the process requires a basic understanding of microbial death, the parameters that facilitate that death, the accepted definition of sterility, and the relationship between the definition and sterilization parameters. Autoclaves and support systems need to be designed, installed, and qualified in a manner that ensures their continued reliability. Lastly, the test program must be complete and definitive. In this paper, in addition to validation study, documentation of IQ, OQ and PQ concretely were described.

  7. Human Factors Design Of Automated Highway Systems: Scenario Definition

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1995-09-01

    Attention to driver acceptance and performance issues during system design will be key to the success of the Automated Highway System (AHS). A first step in the process of defining driver roles and driver-system interface requirements of AHS is the d...

  8. 21 CFR 820.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... designs, manufactures, fabricates, assembles, or processes a finished device. Manufacturer includes but is... numbers, or both, from which the history of the manufacturing, packaging, labeling, and distribution of a unit, lot, or batch of finished devices can be determined. (e) Design history file (DHF) means a...

  9. 2017 Cardiovascular and Stroke Endpoint Definitions for Clinical Trials.

    PubMed

    Hicks, Karen A; Mahaffey, Kenneth W; Mehran, Roxana; Nissen, Steven E; Wiviott, Stephen D; Dunn, Billy; Solomon, Scott D; Marler, John R; Teerlink, John R; Farb, Andrew; Morrow, David A; Targum, Shari L; Sila, Cathy A; Thanh Hai, Mary T; Jaff, Michael R; Joffe, Hylton V; Cutlip, Donald E; Desai, Akshay S; Lewis, Eldrin F; Gibson, C Michael; Landray, Martin J; Lincoff, A Michael; White, Christopher J; Brooks, Steven S; Rosenfield, Kenneth; Domanski, Michael J; Lansky, Alexandra J; McMurray, John J V; Tcheng, James E; Steinhubl, Steven R; Burton, Paul; Mauri, Laura; O'Connor, Christopher M; Pfeffer, Marc A; Hung, H M James; Stockbridge, Norman L; Chaitman, Bernard R; Temple, Robert J

    2018-03-06

    This publication describes uniform definitions for cardiovascular and stroke outcomes developed by the Standardized Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA established the Standardized Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative in 2009 to simplify the design and conduct of clinical trials intended to support marketing applications. The writing committee recognizes that these definitions may be used in other types of clinical trials and clinical care processes where appropriate. Use of these definitions at the FDA has enhanced the ability to aggregate data within and across medical product development programs, conduct meta-analyses to evaluate cardiovascular safety, integrate data from multiple trials, and compare effectiveness of drugs and devices. Further study is needed to determine whether prospective data collection using these common definitions improves the design, conduct, and interpretability of the results of clinical trials. Copyright © 2018 American College of Cardiology Foundation and American Heart Association, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. 6-D, A Process Framework for the Design and Development of Web-based Systems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Christian, Phillip

    2001-01-01

    Explores how the 6-D framework can form the core of a comprehensive systemic strategy and help provide a supporting structure for more robust design and development while allowing organizations to support whatever methods and models best suit their purpose. 6-D stands for the phases of Web design and development: Discovery, Definition, Design,…

  11. Space station definitions, design, and development. Task 5: Multiple arm telerobot coordination and control: Manipulator design methodology

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stoughton, R. M.

    1990-01-01

    A proposed methodology applicable to the design of manipulator systems is described. The current design process is especially weak in the preliminary design phase, since there is no accepted measure to be used in trading off different options available for the various subsystems. The design process described uses Cartesian End-Effector Impedance as a measure of performance for the system. Having this measure of performance, it is shown how it may be used to determine the trade-offs necessary to the preliminary design phase. The design process involves three main parts: (1) determination of desired system performance in terms of End-Effector Impedance; (2) trade-off design options to achieve this desired performance; and (3) verification of system performance through laboratory testing. The design process is developed using numerous examples and experiments to demonstrate the feasability of this approach to manipulator design.

  12. 42 CFR 84.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., or other organization that designs, manufactures, assembles, or controls the assembly of a respirator... source of production and at each step of the manufacturing process, so that departures from... respirator component designed to provide a gas-tight or dust-tight fit with the face and may include...

  13. 40 CFR 59.202 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... that is designed for use in the maintenance or operation of an establishment that manufactures... cooking spray means any aerosol product designed either to reduce sticking on cooking and baking surfaces... for the control of pests in connection with the commercial production, storage, or processing of any...

  14. 78 FR 10599 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-14

    ... Collaborative are designed to bring the intended users of the science into the research process so that their perspectives can inform problem definition, research design and implementation, and ultimately, application of...: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Title: National Estuarine Research Reserve System...

  15. Evidence-Based Design and Research-Informed Design: What's the Difference? Conceptual Definitions and Comparative Analysis.

    PubMed

    Peavey, Erin; Vander Wyst, Kiley B

    2017-10-01

    This article provides critical examination and comparison of the conceptual meaning and underlying assumptions of the concepts evidence-based design (EBD) and research-informed design (RID) in order to facilitate practical use and theoretical development. In recent years, EBD has experienced broad adoption, yet it has been simultaneously critiqued for rigidity and misapplication. Many practitioners are gravitating to the term RID to describe their method of integrating knowledge into the design process. However, the term RID lacks a clear definition and the blurring of terms has the potential to weaken advances made integrating research into practice. Concept analysis methods from Walker and Avant were used to define the concepts for comparison. Conceptual definitions, process descriptions, examples (i.e., model cases), and methods of evaluation are offered for EBD and RID. Although EBD and RID share similarities in meaning, the two terms are distinct. When comparing evidence based (EB) and research informed, EB is a broad base of information types (evidence) that are narrowly applied (based), while the latter references a narrow slice of information (research) that is broadly applied (informed) to create an end product of design. Much of the confusion between the use of the concepts EBD and RID arises out of differing perspectives between the way practitioners and academics understand the underlying terms. The authors hope this article serves to generate thoughtful dialogue, which is essential to the development of a discipline, and look forward to the contribution of the readership.

  16. 40 CFR 60.480a - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... process improvement which is accomplished without a capital expenditure shall not by itself be considered...) within a process unit is an affected facility. (b) Any affected facility under paragraph (a) of this... “process unit” in § 60.481a of this subpart. While the definition of “process unit” is stayed, owners or...

  17. Pre-Modeling Ensures Accurate Solid Models

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gow, George

    2010-01-01

    Successful solid modeling requires a well-organized design tree. The design tree is a list of all the object's features and the sequential order in which they are modeled. The solid-modeling process is faster and less prone to modeling errors when the design tree is a simple and geometrically logical definition of the modeled object. Few high…

  18. The Role of Personality and Team-Based Product Dissection on Fixation Effects

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Toh, Christine; Miller, Scarlett; Kremer, Gül E. Okudan

    2013-01-01

    Design fixation has been found to be complex in its definition and expression, but it plays an important role in design idea generation. Identifying the factors that influence fixation is crucial in understanding how to enhance the design process and reduce the negative effects of fixation. One way to potentially mitigate fixation is through…

  19. 14 CFR 1240.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Contributions Board. (d) Commercial quality refers to computer software that is not in an experimental or beta..., engineering or scientific concept, idea, design, process, or product. (h) Innovator means any person listed as..., machine, manufacture, design, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, or any...

  20. Stochastic process approximation for recursive estimation with guaranteed bound on the error covariance

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Menga, G.

    1975-01-01

    An approach, is proposed for the design of approximate, fixed order, discrete time realizations of stochastic processes from the output covariance over a finite time interval, was proposed. No restrictive assumptions are imposed on the process; it can be nonstationary and lead to a high dimension realization. Classes of fixed order models are defined, having the joint covariance matrix of the combined vector of the outputs in the interval of definition greater or equal than the process covariance; (the difference matrix is nonnegative definite). The design is achieved by minimizing, in one of those classes, a measure of the approximation between the model and the process evaluated by the trace of the difference of the respective covariance matrices. Models belonging to these classes have the notable property that, under the same measurement system and estimator structure, the output estimation error covariance matrix computed on the model is an upper bound of the corresponding covariance on the real process. An application of the approach is illustrated by the modeling of random meteorological wind profiles from the statistical analysis of historical data.

  1. Path programmable logic: A structured design method for digital and/or mixed analog integrated circuits

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Taylor, B.

    1990-01-01

    The design of Integrated Circuits has evolved past the black art practiced by a few semiconductor companies to a world wide community of users. This was basically accomplished by the development of computer aided design tools which were made available to this community. As the tools matured into different components of the design task they were accepted into the community at large. However, the next step in this evolution is being ignored by the large tool vendors hindering the continuation of this process. With system level definition and simulation through the logic specification well understood, why is the physical generation so blatantly ignored. This portion of the development is still treated as an isolated task with information being passed from the designer to the layout function. Some form of result given back but it severely lacks full definition of what has transpired. The level of integration in I.C.'s for tomorrow, whether through new processes or applications will require higher speeds, increased transistor density, and non-digital performance which can only be achieved through attention to the physical implementation.

  2. Optimization of Primary Drying in Lyophilization during Early Phase Drug Development using a Definitive Screening Design with Formulation and Process Factors.

    PubMed

    Goldman, Johnathan M; More, Haresh T; Yee, Olga; Borgeson, Elizabeth; Remy, Brenda; Rowe, Jasmine; Sadineni, Vikram

    2018-06-08

    Development of optimal drug product lyophilization cycles is typically accomplished via multiple engineering runs to determine appropriate process parameters. These runs require significant time and product investments, which are especially costly during early phase development when the drug product formulation and lyophilization process are often defined simultaneously. Even small changes in the formulation may require a new set of engineering runs to define lyophilization process parameters. In order to overcome these development difficulties, an eight factor definitive screening design (DSD), including both formulation and process parameters, was executed on a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug product. The DSD enables evaluation of several interdependent factors to define critical parameters that affect primary drying time and product temperature. From these parameters, a lyophilization development model is defined where near optimal process parameters can be derived for many different drug product formulations. This concept is demonstrated on a mAb drug product where statistically predicted cycle responses agree well with those measured experimentally. This design of experiments (DoE) approach for early phase lyophilization cycle development offers a workflow that significantly decreases the development time of clinically and potentially commercially viable lyophilization cycles for a platform formulation that still has variable range of compositions. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  3. 50 CFR 270.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... restaurant trade, but whose primary business function is not the processing or packaging of fish or fish... processing vessels and any person in the business of acquiring (taking title to) fish directly from harvesters. Research means any type of research designed to advance the image, desirability, usage...

  4. 50 CFR 270.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... restaurant trade, but whose primary business function is not the processing or packaging of fish or fish... processing vessels and any person in the business of acquiring (taking title to) fish directly from harvesters. Research means any type of research designed to advance the image, desirability, usage...

  5. 50 CFR 270.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... restaurant trade, but whose primary business function is not the processing or packaging of fish or fish... processing vessels and any person in the business of acquiring (taking title to) fish directly from harvesters. Research means any type of research designed to advance the image, desirability, usage...

  6. 50 CFR 270.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... restaurant trade, but whose primary business function is not the processing or packaging of fish or fish... processing vessels and any person in the business of acquiring (taking title to) fish directly from harvesters. Research means any type of research designed to advance the image, desirability, usage...

  7. 50 CFR 270.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... restaurant trade, but whose primary business function is not the processing or packaging of fish or fish... processing vessels and any person in the business of acquiring (taking title to) fish directly from harvesters. Research means any type of research designed to advance the image, desirability, usage...

  8. 40 CFR 63.11502 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...: process knowledge, an engineering assessment, or test data. Byproduct means a chemical (liquid, gas, or... limit applicable to the process vent. (4) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Manufacturing Area Sources...

  9. 40 CFR 63.11502 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...: process knowledge, an engineering assessment, or test data. Byproduct means a chemical (liquid, gas, or... limit applicable to the process vent. (4) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Manufacturing Area Sources...

  10. SAROS: Solar Active Region Observations from Spacelab

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Krieger, A. S.

    1985-01-01

    A definition study of the SAROS investigation was conducted. An instrument design and mode of operation was established which was consistent with the capabilities of the Space Transportation System. Upon completion of the definition phase study the program was placed on hold for approximately five years before being terminated. Consequently, the promise which this investigation held for understanding the heating processes in coronal loops remains unfulfilled.

  11. Conversion of Component-Based Point Definition to VSP Model and Higher Order Meshing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ordaz, Irian

    2011-01-01

    Vehicle Sketch Pad (VSP) has become a powerful conceptual and parametric geometry tool with numerous export capabilities for third-party analysis codes as well as robust surface meshing capabilities for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. However, a capability gap currently exists for reconstructing a fully parametric VSP model of a geometry generated by third-party software. A computer code called GEO2VSP has been developed to close this gap and to allow the integration of VSP into a closed-loop geometry design process with other third-party design tools. Furthermore, the automated CFD surface meshing capability of VSP are demonstrated for component-based point definition geometries in a conceptual analysis and design framework.

  12. Engineering test facility design definition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bercaw, R. W.; Seikel, G. R.

    1980-01-01

    The Engineering Test Facility (ETF) is the major focus of the Department of Energy (DOE) Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Program to facilitate commercialization and to demonstrate the commercial operability of MHD/steam electric power. The ETF will be a fully integrated commercial prototype MHD power plant with a nominal output of 200 MW sub e. Performance of this plant is expected to meet or surpass existing utility standards for fuel, maintenance, and operating costs; plant availability; load following; safety; and durability. It is expected to meet all applicable environmental regulations. The current design concept conforming to the general definition, the basis for its selection, and the process which will be followed in further defining and updating the conceptual design.

  13. Earth Observatory Satellite system definition study. Report 7: EOS system definition report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    The Earth Observatory Satellite (EOS) study is summarized to show the modular design of a general purpose spacecraft, a mission peculiar segment which performs the EOS-A mission, an Operations Control Center, a Data Processing Facility, and a design for Low Cost Readout Stations. The study verified the practicality and feasibility of the modularized spacecraft with the capability of supporting many missions in the Earth Observation spectrum. The various subjects considered in the summary are: (1) orbit/launch vehicle tradeoff studies and recommendations, (2) instrument constraints and interfaces, (3) design/cost tradeoff and recommendations, (4) low cost management approach and recommendations, (5) baseline system description and specifications, and (6) space shuttle utilization and interfaces.

  14. Analysis and evaluation in the production process and equipment area of the low-cost solar array project

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wolf, M.

    1981-01-01

    The effect of solar cell metallization pattern design on solar cell performance and the costs and performance effects of different metallization processes are discussed. Definitive design rules for the front metallization pattern for large area solar cells are presented. Chemical and physical deposition processes for metallization are described and compared. An economic evaluation of the 6 principal metallization options is presented. Instructions for preparing Format A cost data for solar cell manufacturing processes from UPPC forms for input into the SAMIC computer program are presented.

  15. Advisory: Definitions, Descriptions, Decisions, Directions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Galassi, John P.; Gulledge, Suzanne A.; Cox, Nancy D.

    Advisory groups have played an essential role in improving the school climate and conditions for young adolescents in schools. How middle school decision makers go about the process of designing or re-designing an advisory program needs to be considered. A discussion is presented of the background information that helps define advisories. It…

  16. Optimizing Value and Avoiding Problems in Building Schools.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brevard County School Board, Cocoa, FL.

    This report describes school design and construction delivery processes used by the School Board of Brevard County (Cocoa, Florida) that help optimize value, avoid problems, and eliminate the cost of maintaining a large facility staff. The project phases are examined from project definition through design to construction. Project delivery…

  17. 7 CFR 3201.64 - Compost activators and accelerators.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... PROCUREMENT Designated Items § 3201.64 Compost activators and accelerators. (a) Definition. Products in liquid or powder form designed to be applied to compost piles to aid in speeding up the composting process... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Compost activators and accelerators. 3201.64 Section...

  18. 7 CFR 3201.64 - Compost activators and accelerators.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... PROCUREMENT Designated Items § 3201.64 Compost activators and accelerators. (a) Definition. Products in liquid or powder form designed to be applied to compost piles to aid in speeding up the composting process... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Compost activators and accelerators. 3201.64 Section...

  19. 7 CFR 3201.64 - Compost activators and accelerators.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... PROCUREMENT Designated Items § 3201.64 Compost activators and accelerators. (a) Definition. Products in liquid or powder form designed to be applied to compost piles to aid in speeding up the composting process... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Compost activators and accelerators. 3201.64 Section...

  20. Designing a Language Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, James Dean

    Some issues in the design of classroom research on second language teaching are discussed, with the intention of helping the researcher avoid conceptual pitfalls that may cripple the study later in the process. This begins with an examination of concerns in sampling, including definition of a population to be studied, alternative sampling…

  1. Planning for Change: Flexible Design Solutions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mason, Craig

    2010-01-01

    The intersection of technology and the 21st Century learner has challenged many school districts to rethink their approach to the design of school facilities and the definition of "classroom." To strategically plan for the future, districts must not only consider facilities and curriculum, but understand a process of change that is…

  2. 10 CFR 810.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... “production accelerator” and which is designed or used for the purpose of producing or processing special... means an agreement with another nation or group of nations concluded under sections 123 or 124 of the..., designed or used to sustain nuclear fission in a self-supporting chain reaction. Open meeting means a...

  3. High Throughput Manufacturing of Thin-Film CdTe Photovoltaic Materials; Final Subcontract Report, 16 November 1993-31 December 1998

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sandwisch, D. W.

    1999-09-02

    This report describes work performed by Solar Cells, Inc. (SCI), during this Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) subcontract. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is recognized as one of the leading materials for low-cost photovoltaic modules. SCI has developed this technology and is preparing to scale its pilot production capabilities to a multi-megawatt level. This four-phase PVMaT subcontract supports these efforts. The work was related to product definition, process definition, equipment engineering, and support programs development. In the area of product definition and demonstration, two products were specified and demonstrated-a grid-connected, frameless, high-voltage product that incorporates a pigtail potting design and a remote low-voltagemore » product that may be framed and may incorporate a junction box. SCI produced a 60.3-W thin-film CdTe module with total-area efficiency of 8.4%; SCI also improved module pass rate on the interim qualification test protocol from less than 20% to 100% as a result of work related to the subcontract. In the manufacturing process definition area, the multi-megawatt manufacturing process was defined, several of the key processes were demonstrated, and the process was refined and proven on a 100-kW pilot line that now operates as a 250-kW line. In the area of multi-megawatt manufacturing-line conceptual design review, SCI completed a conceptual layout of the multi-megawatt lines. The layout models the manufacturing line and predicts manufacturing costs. SCI projected an optimized capacity, two-shift/day operation of greater than 25 MW at a manufacturing cost of below $1.00/W.« less

  4. HabEx Optical Telescope Assembly

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stahl, H. Philip

    2017-01-01

    Purpose: a) Introduce candidate optical telescope assembly (OTA) architectures. b) Illustrate design/analysis process. Agenda: a) Definitions, Specification & Assumptions. b.) 4-meter Monolithic Mirror Concept. c) 6.5-meter Segmented Mirror Concept.

  5. 24 CFR 291.5 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... individual bidder through a sealed bid process (or other bid process specifically authorized by the Secretary... organization must: (1) Have a voluntary board; (2)(i) Have a functioning accounting system that is operated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; or (ii) Designate an entity that will maintain a...

  6. 16 CFR 423.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...) Dryclean means a commercial process by which soil is removed from products or specimens in a machine which uses any common organic solvent (e.g. petroleum, perchlorethylene, fluorocarbon). The process may also... by which soil is removed from products in a specially designed machine using water, detergent or soap...

  7. 16 CFR 423.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) Dryclean means a commercial process by which soil is removed from products or specimens in a machine which uses any common organic solvent (e.g. petroleum, perchlorethylene, fluorocarbon). The process may also... by which soil is removed from products in a specially designed machine using water, detergent or soap...

  8. 16 CFR 423.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...) Dryclean means a commercial process by which soil is removed from products or specimens in a machine which uses any common organic solvent (e.g. petroleum, perchlorethylene, fluorocarbon). The process may also... by which soil is removed from products in a specially designed machine using water, detergent or soap...

  9. 16 CFR 423.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ...) Dryclean means a commercial process by which soil is removed from products or specimens in a machine which uses any common organic solvent (e.g. petroleum, perchlorethylene, fluorocarbon). The process may also... by which soil is removed from products in a specially designed machine using water, detergent or soap...

  10. 16 CFR 423.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...) Dryclean means a commercial process by which soil is removed from products or specimens in a machine which uses any common organic solvent (e.g. petroleum, perchlorethylene, fluorocarbon). The process may also... by which soil is removed from products in a specially designed machine using water, detergent or soap...

  11. Health facilities humanisation: design guidelines supported by statistical evidence.

    PubMed

    Bosia, Daniela; Marino, Donatella; Peretti, Gabriella

    2016-01-01

    Healthcare building humanisation is currently a widely debated issue and the development of patient centered and evidence based design is growing worldwide. Many international health organizations and researchers understand the importance of Patient Centred Design and leading architects incorporate it into the design process. In Italy this design approach is still at an early stage. The article refers to research commissioned by the Italian Health Ministry and carried out by R. Del Nord (Università degli Studi di Firenze) and G. Peretti (Politecnico di Torino) with their collaborators. The scope of the research was the definition of design guidelines for healthcare facilities humanisation. The methodology framework adopted is the well established need and performance approach in architectural design. The article deals with the results of statistical investigations for the definition and ranking of users' needs and the consistent expression of their requirements. The investigations were carried out with the cooperation of psychologists of the Università degli Studi di Torino and researchers of the Università degli Studi di Cagliari. The proposed evaluation system allows ranking of health facilities according to the level of humanisation achieved. The statistical investigation evidence collected allowed the definition of humanisation design guidelines for health-care facilities and for the assessment of their specific level of humanisation.

  12. Designing a freeform optic for oblique illumination

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Uthoff, Ross D.; Ulanch, Rachel N.; Williams, Kaitlyn E.; Ruiz Diaz, Liliana; King, Page; Koshel, R. John

    2017-11-01

    The Functional Freeform Fitting (F4) method is utilized to design a freeform optic for oblique illumination of Mark Rothko's Green on Blue (1956). Shown are preliminary results from an iterative freeform design process; from problem definition and specification development to surface fit, ray tracing results, and optimization. This method is applicable to both point and extended sources of various geometries.

  13. Design review - A tool for all seasons.

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Liberman, D. S.

    1972-01-01

    The origins of design review are considered together with questions of definitions. The main characteristics which distinguish the concept of design review discussed from the basic master-apprentice relationship include competence, objectivity, formality, and a systematic approach. Preliminary, major, and final reviews are the steps used in the management of the design and development process in each company. It is shown that the design review is generically a systems engineering milestone review with certain unique characteristics.

  14. 40 CFR 60.480 - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... subpart. (c) Addition or replacement of equipment for the purpose of process improvement which is... all equipment (defined in § 60.481) within a process unit is an affected facility. (b) Any affected... the definition of “process unit” in § 60.481 and the requirements in § 60.482-1(g) of this subpart...

  15. 40 CFR 60.590a - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of process improvement which is accomplished without a capital expenditure shall not by itself be... process unit is an affected facility. (b) Any affected facility under paragraph (a) of this section that... operators are not required to comply with the definition of “process unit” in § 60.590 of this subpart until...

  16. Field Demonstration, Optimization, and Rigorous Validation of Peroxygen-Based ISCO for the Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater - CHP Stabilization Protocol

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-05-01

    propagations CoCs Contaminants of concern GC Gas chromatography DNAPL Dense nonaqueous phase liquid ISCO In situ chemical oxidation HCA...used for the design and scale-up of air strippers, ion exchange systems, precipitation reactors , and many other treatment processes. Such treatability...studies provide definitive data on system dimensions and reagent dosages using linear or non -linear scale-up. Designing these processes without the

  17. IDEF3 formalization report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Menzel, Christopher; Mayer, Richard J.; Edwards, Douglas D.

    1991-01-01

    The Process Description Capture Method (IDEF3) is one of several Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) DEFinition methods developed by the Air Force to support systems engineering activities, and in particular, to support information systems development. These methods have evolved as a distillation of 'good practice' experience by information system developers and are designed to raise the performance level of the novice practitioner to one comparable with that of an expert. IDEF3 is meant to serve as a knowledge acquisition and requirements definition tool that structures the user's understanding of how a given process, event, or system works around process descriptions. A special purpose graphical language accompanying the method serves to highlight temporal precedence and causality relationships relative to the process or event being described.

  18. An Interactive Preliminary Design System of High Speed Forebody and Inlet Flows

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Liou, May-Fun; Benson, Thomas J.; Trefny, Charles J.

    2010-01-01

    This paper demonstrates a simulation-based aerodynamic design process of high speed inlet. A genetic algorithm is integrated into the design process to facilitate the single objective optimization. The objective function is the total pressure recovery and is obtained by using a PNS solver for its computing efficiency. The system developed uses existing software of geometry definition, mesh generation and CFD analysis. The process which produces increasingly desirable design in each genetic evolution over many generations is automatically carried out. A generic two-dimensional inlet is created as a showcase to demonstrate the capabilities of this tool. A parameterized study of geometric shape and size of the showcase is also presented.

  19. ELISA, a demonstrator environment for information systems architecture design

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Panem, Chantal

    1994-01-01

    This paper describes an approach of reusability of software engineering technology in the area of ground space system design. System engineers have lots of needs similar to software developers: sharing of a common data base, capitalization of knowledge, definition of a common design process, communication between different technical domains. Moreover system designers need to simulate dynamically their system as early as possible. Software development environments, methods and tools now become operational and widely used. Their architecture is based on a unique object base, a set of common management services and they host a family of tools for each life cycle activity. In late '92, CNES decided to develop a demonstrative software environment supporting some system activities. The design of ground space data processing systems was chosen as the application domain. ELISA (Integrated Software Environment for Architectures Specification) was specified as a 'demonstrator', i.e. a sufficient basis for demonstrations, evaluation and future operational enhancements. A process with three phases was implemented: system requirements definition, design of system architectures models, and selection of physical architectures. Each phase is composed of several activities that can be performed in parallel, with the provision of Commercial Off the Shelves Tools. ELISA has been delivered to CNES in January 94, currently used for demonstrations and evaluations on real projects (e.g. SPOT4 Satellite Control Center). It is on the way of new evolutions.

  20. 40 CFR 63.7957 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... removed from process equipment; residues removed from air pollution control equipment; and debris removed..., concrete, steel, fiberglass, or plastic) which provide structural support and is designed to hold an...

  1. 40 CFR 60.5430 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... control vessels, bottoms receivers or knockout vessels. (3) Pressure vessels designed to operate in excess... supply natural gas to the process control device (e.g., level control, temperature control, pressure control) where the supply gas pressure is modulated by the process condition, and then flows to the valve...

  2. The research on construction and application of machining process knowledge base

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Tan; Qiao, Lihong; Qie, Yifan; Guo, Kai

    2018-03-01

    In order to realize the application of knowledge in machining process design, from the perspective of knowledge in the application of computer aided process planning(CAPP), a hierarchical structure of knowledge classification is established according to the characteristics of mechanical engineering field. The expression of machining process knowledge is structured by means of production rules and the object-oriented methods. Three kinds of knowledge base models are constructed according to the representation of machining process knowledge. In this paper, the definition and classification of machining process knowledge, knowledge model, and the application flow of the process design based on the knowledge base are given, and the main steps of the design decision of the machine tool are carried out as an application by using the knowledge base.

  3. Hardware development process for Human Research facility applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bauer, Liz

    2000-01-01

    The simple goal of the Human Research Facility (HRF) is to conduct human research experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) astronauts during long-duration missions. This is accomplished by providing integration and operation of the necessary hardware and software capabilities. A typical hardware development flow consists of five stages: functional inputs and requirements definition, market research, design life cycle through hardware delivery, crew training, and mission support. The purpose of this presentation is to guide the audience through the early hardware development process: requirement definition through selecting a development path. Specific HRF equipment is used to illustrate the hardware development paths. .

  4. DIY 3D printing of custom orthopaedic implants: a proof of concept study.

    PubMed

    Frame, Mark; Leach, William

    2014-03-01

    3D printing is an emerging technology that is primarily used for aiding the design and prototyping of implants. As this technology has evolved it has now become possible to produce functional and definitive implants manufactured using a 3D printing process. This process, however, previously required a large financial investment in complex machinery and professionals skilled in 3D product design. Our pilot study's aim was to design and create a 3D printed custom orthopaedic implant using only freely available consumer hardware and software.

  5. 23 CFR 940.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... of Transportation (DOT) and is available on the DOT web site at http://www.its.dot.gov. Project level... projects or groups of projects. Systems engineering is a structured process for arriving at a final design...

  6. 23 CFR 940.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... of Transportation (DOT) and is available on the DOT web site at http://www.its.dot.gov. Project level... projects or groups of projects. Systems engineering is a structured process for arriving at a final design...

  7. 78 FR 49337 - Direct Grant Programs and Definitions That Apply to Department Regulations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-13

    ... Department's grant process with the Secretary's policy objectives and allow Department programs to design....210(c) (Quality of the Project Design) (Amended Sec. Sec. 75.209 and 75.210); 6. Authorize program... regulations. We group major issues according to subject. Analysis of Comments and Changes: An analysis of the...

  8. Information Integration for Concurrent Engineering (IICE) IDEF3 Process Description Capture Method Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1995-09-01

    vital processes of a business. process, IDEF, method, methodology, modeling, knowledge acquisition, requirements definition, information systems... knowledge resources. Like manpower, materials, and machines, information and knowledge assets are recognized as vital resources that can be leveraged to...integrated enterprise. These technologies are designed to leverage information and knowledge resources as the key enablers for high quality systems

  9. Life sciences payload definition and integration study. Volume 2: Requirements, design, and planning studies for the carry-on laboratories. [for Spacelab

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    The task phase concerned with the requirements, design, and planning studies for the carry-on laboratory (COL) began with a definition of biomedical research areas and candidate research equipment, and then went on to develop conceptual layouts for COL which were each evaluated in order to arrive at a final conceptual design. Each step in this design/evaluation process concerned itself with man/systems integration research and hardware, and life support and protective systems research and equipment selection. COL integration studies were also conducted and include attention to electrical power and data management requirements, operational considerations, and shuttle/Spacelab interface specifications. A COL program schedule was compiled, and a cost analysis was finalized which takes into account work breakdown, annual funding, and cost reduction guidelines.

  10. A Bridge over Troubled Water: Facility Needs for Inclusive Classrooms.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pierce, Judy; And Others

    1993-01-01

    Focuses on ways to meet the facility needs of students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms. Provides a definition of inclusion; discusses some processes to design school environments that support a side range of student needs; and presents a process that will enable facility planning teams to move all students from self-contained classrooms…

  11. 78 FR 13100 - Models for Plant-Specific Adoption of Technical Specifications Task Force Traveler TSTF-535...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-26

    ... Definition To Address Advanced Fuel Designs,'' Using the Consolidated Line Item Improvement Process AGENCY...-specific adoption using the Consolidated Line Item Improvement Process (CLIIP). Additionally, the NRC staff..., which may be more reactive at shutdown temperatures above 68[emsp14][deg]F. This STS improvement is part...

  12. 24 CFR 35.110 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... and Definitions for All Programs. § 35.110 Definitions. Abatement means any set of measures designed... is designed and performed so as to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Enclosure means the... of abatement if it is designed to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Environmental...

  13. 24 CFR 35.110 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... and Definitions for All Programs. § 35.110 Definitions. Abatement means any set of measures designed... is designed and performed so as to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Enclosure means the... of abatement if it is designed to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Environmental...

  14. 24 CFR 35.110 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... and Definitions for All Programs. § 35.110 Definitions. Abatement means any set of measures designed... is designed and performed so as to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Enclosure means the... of abatement if it is designed to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Environmental...

  15. 24 CFR 35.110 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... and Definitions for All Programs. § 35.110 Definitions. Abatement means any set of measures designed... is designed and performed so as to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Enclosure means the... of abatement if it is designed to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Environmental...

  16. 24 CFR 35.110 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... and Definitions for All Programs. § 35.110 Definitions. Abatement means any set of measures designed... is designed and performed so as to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Enclosure means the... of abatement if it is designed to be permanent (see definition of “permanent”). Environmental...

  17. System approach to distributed sensor management

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mayott, Gregory; Miller, Gordon; Harrell, John; Hepp, Jared; Self, Mid

    2010-04-01

    Since 2003, the US Army's RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision Electronic Sensor Directorate (NVESD) has been developing a distributed Sensor Management System (SMS) that utilizes a framework which demonstrates application layer, net-centric sensor management. The core principles of the design support distributed and dynamic discovery of sensing devices and processes through a multi-layered implementation. This results in a sensor management layer that acts as a System with defined interfaces for which the characteristics, parameters, and behaviors can be described. Within the framework, the definition of a protocol is required to establish the rules for how distributed sensors should operate. The protocol defines the behaviors, capabilities, and message structures needed to operate within the functional design boundaries. The protocol definition addresses the requirements for a device (sensors or processes) to dynamically join or leave a sensor network, dynamically describe device control and data capabilities, and allow dynamic addressing of publish and subscribe functionality. The message structure is a multi-tiered definition that identifies standard, extended, and payload representations that are specifically designed to accommodate the need for standard representations of common functions, while supporting the need for feature-based functions that are typically vendor specific. The dynamic qualities of the protocol enable a User GUI application the flexibility of mapping widget-level controls to each device based on reported capabilities in real-time. The SMS approach is designed to accommodate scalability and flexibility within a defined architecture. The distributed sensor management framework and its application to a tactical sensor network will be described in this paper.

  18. Incorporating Total Quality Management in an Engineering Design Course. Report 5-1993.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilczynski, V.; And Others

    One definition of creativity is the conviction that each and every existing idea can be improved. It is proposed that creativity in an engineering design process can be encouraged by the adoption of Total Quality Management (TQM) methods based on a commitment to continuous improvement. This paper addresses the introduction and application of TQM…

  19. Phase B: Final definition and preliminary design study for the initial Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory (ACPL): A spacelab mission payload. Final review (DR-MA-03)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clausen, O. W.

    1976-01-01

    Systems design for an initial atmospheric cloud physics laboratory to study microphysical processes in zero gravity is presented. Included are descriptions of the fluid, thermal, mechanical, control and data, and electrical distribution interfaces with Spacelab. Schedule and cost analysis are discussed.

  20. System architectures for telerobotic research

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Harrison, F. Wallace

    1989-01-01

    Several activities are performed related to the definition and creation of telerobotic systems. The effort and investment required to create architectures for these complex systems can be enormous; however, the magnitude of process can be reduced if structured design techniques are applied. A number of informal methodologies supporting certain aspects of the design process are available. More recently, prototypes of integrated tools supporting all phases of system design from requirements analysis to code generation and hardware layout have begun to appear. Activities related to system architecture of telerobots are described, including current activities which are designed to provide a methodology for the comparison and quantitative analysis of alternative system architectures.

  1. Space Station automated systems testing/verification and the Galileo Orbiter fault protection design/verification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Landano, M. R.; Easter, R. W.

    1984-01-01

    Aspects of Space Station automated systems testing and verification are discussed, taking into account several program requirements. It is found that these requirements lead to a number of issues of uncertainties which require study and resolution during the Space Station definition phase. Most, if not all, of the considered uncertainties have implications for the overall testing and verification strategy adopted by the Space Station Program. A description is given of the Galileo Orbiter fault protection design/verification approach. Attention is given to a mission description, an Orbiter description, the design approach and process, the fault protection design verification approach/process, and problems of 'stress' testing.

  2. 40 CFR Appendix B to Part 63 - Sources Defined for Early Reduction Provisions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Location of definition 1. Organic Process Equipment in Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant Service at Chemical Plants and Other Designated Facilities 56 FR 9315, March 6, 1991, Announcement of Negotiated Rulemaking a...

  3. 40 CFR Appendix B to Part 63 - Sources Defined for Early Reduction Provisions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Location of definition 1. Organic Process Equipment in Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant Service at Chemical Plants and Other Designated Facilities 56 FR 9315, March 6, 1991, Announcement of Negotiated Rulemaking a...

  4. 40 CFR Appendix B to Part 63 - Sources Defined for Early Reduction Provisions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Location of definition 1. Organic Process Equipment in Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant Service at Chemical Plants and Other Designated Facilities 56 FR 9315, March 6, 1991, Announcement of Negotiated Rulemaking a...

  5. Space Station Furnace Facility. Volume 2: Requirements definition and conceptual design study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1992-01-01

    The Space Station Freedom Furnace (SSFF) Project is divided into two phases: phase 1, a definition study phase, and phase 2, a design and development phase. TBE was awarded a research study entitled, 'Space Station Furnace Facility Requirements Definition and Conceptual Design Study' on June 2, 1989. This report addresses the definition study phase only. Phase 2 is to be complete after completion of phase 1. The contract encompassed a requirements definition study and culminated in hardware/facility conceptual designs and hardware demonstration development models to test these conceptual designs. The study was divided into two parts. Part 1 (the basic part of the effort) encompassed preliminary requirements definition and assessment; conceptional design of the SSFF Core; fabrication of mockups; and preparation for the support of a conceptional design review (CoDR). Part 2 (the optional part of the effort) included detailed definition of the engineering and design requirements, as derived from the science requirements; refinement of the conceptual design of the SSFF Core; fabrication and testing of the 'breadboards' or development models; and preparation for and support of a requirements definition review.

  6. Systems design analysis applied to launch vehicle configuration

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ryan, R.; Verderaime, V.

    1993-01-01

    As emphasis shifts from optimum-performance aerospace systems to least lift-cycle costs, systems designs must seek, adapt, and innovate cost improvement techniques in design through operations. The systems design process of concept, definition, and design was assessed for the types and flow of total quality management techniques that may be applicable in a launch vehicle systems design analysis. Techniques discussed are task ordering, quality leverage, concurrent engineering, Pareto's principle, robustness, quality function deployment, criteria, and others. These cost oriented techniques are as applicable to aerospace systems design analysis as to any large commercial system.

  7. Study for the optimization of a transport aircraft wing for maximum fuel efficiency. Volume 1: Methodology, criteria, aeroelastic model definition and results

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Radovcich, N. A.; Dreim, D.; Okeefe, D. A.; Linner, L.; Pathak, S. K.; Reaser, J. S.; Richardson, D.; Sweers, J.; Conner, F.

    1985-01-01

    Work performed in the design of a transport aircraft wing for maximum fuel efficiency is documented with emphasis on design criteria, design methodology, and three design configurations. The design database includes complete finite element model description, sizing data, geometry data, loads data, and inertial data. A design process which satisfies the economics and practical aspects of a real design is illustrated. The cooperative study relationship between the contractor and NASA during the course of the contract is also discussed.

  8. A definition study of the on-orbit assembly operations for the outboard photovoltaic power modules for Space Station Freedom. M.S. Thesis - Toledo Univ.

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sours, Thomas J.

    1989-01-01

    A concept is described for the assembly of the outboard PV modules for Space Station Freedom. Analysis of the on-orbit assembly operations was performed using CADAM design graphics software. A scenario for assembly using the various assembly equipment, as currently defined, is described in words, tables and illustrations. This work is part of ongoing studies in the area of space station assembly. The outboard PV module and the assembly equipment programs are all in definition and preliminary design phases. An input is provided to the design process of assembly equipment programs. It is established that the outboard PV module assembly operations can be performed using the assembly equipment currently planned in the Space Station Freedom Program.

  9. Computational System For Rapid CFD Analysis In Engineering

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barson, Steven L.; Ascoli, Edward P.; Decroix, Michelle E.; Sindir, Munir M.

    1995-01-01

    Computational system comprising modular hardware and software sub-systems developed to accelerate and facilitate use of techniques of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in engineering environment. Addresses integration of all aspects of CFD analysis process, including definition of hardware surfaces, generation of computational grids, CFD flow solution, and postprocessing. Incorporates interfaces for integration of all hardware and software tools needed to perform complete CFD analysis. Includes tools for efficient definition of flow geometry, generation of computational grids, computation of flows on grids, and postprocessing of flow data. System accepts geometric input from any of three basic sources: computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided engineering (CAE), or definition by user.

  10. Interface design in the process industries

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Beaverstock, M. C.; Stassen, H. G.; Williamson, R. A.

    1977-01-01

    Every operator runs his plant in accord with his own mental model of the process. In this sense, one characteristic of an ideal man-machine interface is that it be in harmony with that model. With this theme in mind, the paper first reviews the functions of the process operator and compares them with human operators involved in control situations previously studied outside the industrial environment (pilots, air traffic controllers, helmsmen, etc.). A brief history of the operator interface in the process industry and the traditional methodology employed in its design is then presented. Finally, a much more fundamental approach utilizing a model definition of the human operator's behavior is presented.

  11. Preliminary low-level waste feed definition guidance - LLW pretreatment interface

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shade, J.W.; Connor, J.M.; Hendrickson, D.W.

    1995-02-01

    The document describes limits for key constituents in the LLW feed, and the bases for these limits. The potential variability in the stream is then estimated and compared to the limits. Approaches for accomodating uncertainty in feed inventory, processing strategies, and process design (melter and disposal system) are discussed. Finally, regulatory constraints are briefly addressed.

  12. 47 CFR 18.107 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... connection with industrial heating operations utilized in a manufacturing or production process. (e) Medical.... (c) Industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment. Equipment or appliances designed to generate... applications in the field of telecommunication. Typical ISM applications are the production of physical...

  13. 23 CFR 971.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... Federal lands pavement management system (PMS) means a systematic process used by the FS, FWS, and NPS that provides information for use in implementing cost-effective pavement reconstruction, rehabilitation, and preventive maintenance programs and policies, and that results in pavement designed to...

  14. 23 CFR 971.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... Federal lands pavement management system (PMS) means a systematic process used by the FS, FWS, and NPS that provides information for use in implementing cost-effective pavement reconstruction, rehabilitation, and preventive maintenance programs and policies, and that results in pavement designed to...

  15. 23 CFR 971.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... Federal lands pavement management system (PMS) means a systematic process used by the FS, FWS, and NPS that provides information for use in implementing cost-effective pavement reconstruction, rehabilitation, and preventive maintenance programs and policies, and that results in pavement designed to...

  16. 23 CFR 971.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... Federal lands pavement management system (PMS) means a systematic process used by the FS, FWS, and NPS that provides information for use in implementing cost-effective pavement reconstruction, rehabilitation, and preventive maintenance programs and policies, and that results in pavement designed to...

  17. 23 CFR 971.104 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... Federal lands pavement management system (PMS) means a systematic process used by the FS, FWS, and NPS that provides information for use in implementing cost-effective pavement reconstruction, rehabilitation, and preventive maintenance programs and policies, and that results in pavement designed to...

  18. Neal-Schuman Electronic Classroom Handbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hinchliffe, Lisa Janicke

    This book discusses planning, designing, and implementing electronic classrooms. Chapters cover: (1) background, including the definition of electronic classrooms, classroom types, and justifications; (2) planning, including planners and the planning process; (3) gathering and analyzing information, including instructional needs assessment,…

  19. 48 CFR 208.7401 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PLANNING REQUIRED SOURCES OF SUPPLIES AND SERVICES Enterprise Software... a contract that is used to acquire designated commercial software or related services such as... Officer to develop processes for DoD-wide software asset management. Software maintenance means services...

  20. The NASA Redox Storage System Development project, 1980

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1982-01-01

    The technical accomplishments pertaining to the development of Redox systems and related technology are outlined in terms of the task elements: prototype systems development, application analyses, and supporting technology. Prototype systems development provides for a major procurement to develop an industrial capability to take the current NASA Lewis technology and go on to the design, development, and commercialization of iron-chromium Redox storage systems. Application analyses provides for the definition of application concepts and technology requirements, specific definition studies, and the identification of market sectors and their penetration potential. Supporting technology includes both in house and contractual efforts that encompass implementation of technology improvements in membranes, electrodes, reactant processing, and system design. The status of all elements is discussed.

  1. The NASA Redox Storage System Development project, 1980

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1982-12-01

    The technical accomplishments pertaining to the development of Redox systems and related technology are outlined in terms of the task elements: prototype systems development, application analyses, and supporting technology. Prototype systems development provides for a major procurement to develop an industrial capability to take the current NASA Lewis technology and go on to the design, development, and commercialization of iron-chromium Redox storage systems. Application analyses provides for the definition of application concepts and technology requirements, specific definition studies, and the identification of market sectors and their penetration potential. Supporting technology includes both in house and contractual efforts that encompass implementation of technology improvements in membranes, electrodes, reactant processing, and system design. The status of all elements is discussed.

  2. Engineering Technical Review Planning Briefing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gardner, Terrie

    2012-01-01

    The general topics covered in the engineering technical planning briefing are 1) overviews of NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), and Engineering, 2) the NASA Systems Engineering(SE) Engine and its implementation , 3) the NASA Project Life Cycle, 4) MSFC Technical Management Branch Services in relation to the SE Engine and the Project Life Cycle , 5) Technical Reviews, 6) NASA Human Factor Design Guidance , and 7) the MSFC Human Factors Team. The engineering technical review portion of the presentation is the primary focus of the overall presentation and will address the definition of a design review, execution guidance, the essential stages of a technical review, and the overall review planning life cycle. Examples of a technical review plan content, review approaches, review schedules, and the review process will be provided and discussed. The human factors portion of the presentation will focus on the NASA guidance for human factors. Human factors definition, categories, design guidance, and human factor specialist roles will be addressed. In addition, the NASA Systems Engineering Engine description, definition, and application will be reviewed as background leading into the NASA Project Life Cycle Overview and technical review planning discussion.

  3. Methodology for the systems engineering process. Volume 1: System functional activities

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nelson, J. H.

    1972-01-01

    Systems engineering is examined in terms of functional activities that are performed in the conduct of a system definition/design, and system development is described in a parametric analysis that combines functions, performance, and design variables. Emphasis is placed on identification of activities performed by design organizations, design specialty groups, as well as a central systems engineering organizational element. Identification of specific roles and responsibilities for doing functions, and monitoring and controlling activities within the system development operation are also emphasized.

  4. Resolving phase ambiguities in the calibration of redundant interferometric arrays: implications for array design

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-11-30

    matrix determinant. This definition is given in many linear algebra texts (see e.g. Bretscher (2001)). Definition 3.1 : Suppose we have an n-by-n...Processing, 2, 767 Blanchard P., Greenaway A., Anderton R., Appleby R., 1996, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 13, 1593 Bretscher O., 2001, Linear Algebra with...frequencies are not co- linear ) and one piston phase. This particular solution will then differ from the true solution by a phase ramp in the Fourier

  5. Exemplar-Based Image Inpainting Using a Modified Priority Definition.

    PubMed

    Deng, Liang-Jian; Huang, Ting-Zhu; Zhao, Xi-Le

    2015-01-01

    Exemplar-based algorithms are a popular technique for image inpainting. They mainly have two important phases: deciding the filling-in order and selecting good exemplars. Traditional exemplar-based algorithms are to search suitable patches from source regions to fill in the missing parts, but they have to face a problem: improper selection of exemplars. To improve the problem, we introduce an independent strategy through investigating the process of patches propagation in this paper. We first define a new separated priority definition to propagate geometry and then synthesize image textures, aiming to well recover image geometry and textures. In addition, an automatic algorithm is designed to estimate steps for the new separated priority definition. Comparing with some competitive approaches, the new priority definition can recover image geometry and textures well.

  6. Exemplar-Based Image Inpainting Using a Modified Priority Definition

    PubMed Central

    Deng, Liang-Jian; Huang, Ting-Zhu; Zhao, Xi-Le

    2015-01-01

    Exemplar-based algorithms are a popular technique for image inpainting. They mainly have two important phases: deciding the filling-in order and selecting good exemplars. Traditional exemplar-based algorithms are to search suitable patches from source regions to fill in the missing parts, but they have to face a problem: improper selection of exemplars. To improve the problem, we introduce an independent strategy through investigating the process of patches propagation in this paper. We first define a new separated priority definition to propagate geometry and then synthesize image textures, aiming to well recover image geometry and textures. In addition, an automatic algorithm is designed to estimate steps for the new separated priority definition. Comparing with some competitive approaches, the new priority definition can recover image geometry and textures well. PMID:26492491

  7. Conceptual IT model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arnaoudova, Kristina; Stanchev, Peter

    2015-11-01

    The business processes are the key asset for every organization. The design of the business process models is the foremost concern and target among an organization's functions. Business processes and their proper management are intensely dependent on the performance of software applications and technology solutions. The paper is attempt for definition of new Conceptual model of IT service provider, it could be examined as IT focused Enterprise model, part of Enterprise Architecture (EA) school.

  8. Regression analysis as a design optimization tool

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Perley, R.

    1984-01-01

    The optimization concepts are described in relation to an overall design process as opposed to a detailed, part-design process where the requirements are firmly stated, the optimization criteria are well established, and a design is known to be feasible. The overall design process starts with the stated requirements. Some of the design criteria are derived directly from the requirements, but others are affected by the design concept. It is these design criteria that define the performance index, or objective function, that is to be minimized within some constraints. In general, there will be multiple objectives, some mutually exclusive, with no clear statement of their relative importance. The optimization loop that is given adjusts the design variables and analyzes the resulting design, in an iterative fashion, until the objective function is minimized within the constraints. This provides a solution, but it is only the beginning. In effect, the problem definition evolves as information is derived from the results. It becomes a learning process as we determine what the physics of the system can deliver in relation to the desirable system characteristics. As with any learning process, an interactive capability is a real attriubute for investigating the many alternatives that will be suggested as learning progresses.

  9. 7 CFR 1208.11 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Information. 1208.11 Section 1208.11 Agriculture..., RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Processed Raspberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1208.11 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase...

  10. 7 CFR 1208.11 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Information. 1208.11 Section 1208.11 Agriculture..., RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Processed Raspberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1208.11 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase...

  11. Safety approach to the selection of design criteria for the CRBRP reactor refueling system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Meisl, C J; Berg, G E; Sharkey, N F

    1979-01-01

    The selection of safety design criteria for Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) refueling systems required the extrapolation of regulations and guidelines intended for Light Water Reactor refueling systems and was encumbered by the lack of benefit from a commercially licensed predecessor other than Fermi. The overall approach and underlying logic are described for developing safety design criteria for the reactor refueling system (RRS) of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant (CRBRP). The complete selection process used to establish the criteria is presented, from the definition of safety functions to the finalization of safety design criteria in the appropriate documents.more » The process steps are illustrated by examples.« less

  12. Software Design Improvements. Part 2; Software Quality and the Design and Inspection Process

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lalli, Vincent R.; Packard, Michael H.; Ziemianski, Tom

    1997-01-01

    The application of assurance engineering techniques improves the duration of failure-free performance of software. The totality of features and characteristics of a software product are what determine its ability to satisfy customer needs. Software in safety-critical systems is very important to NASA. We follow the System Safety Working Groups definition for system safety software as: 'The optimization of system safety in the design, development, use and maintenance of software and its integration with safety-critical systems in an operational environment. 'If it is not safe, say so' has become our motto. This paper goes over methods that have been used by NASA to make software design improvements by focusing on software quality and the design and inspection process.

  13. Common modular avionics - Partitioning and design philosophy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Scott, D. M.; Mulvaney, S. P.

    The design objectives and definition criteria for common modular hardware that will perform digital processing functions in multiple avionic subsystems are examined. In particular, attention is given to weapon system-level objectives, such as increased supportability, reduced life cycle costs, and increased upgradability. These objectives dictate the following overall modular design goals: reduce test equipment requirements; have a large number of subsystem applications; design for architectural growth; and standardize for technology transparent implementations. Finally, specific partitioning criteria are derived on the basis of the weapon system-level objectives and overall design goals.

  14. What is mental health? Evidence towards a new definition from a mixed methods multidisciplinary international survey

    PubMed Central

    Manwell, Laurie A; Barbic, Skye P; Roberts, Karen; Durisko, Zachary; Lee, Cheolsoon; Ware, Emma; McKenzie, Kwame

    2015-01-01

    Objective Lack of consensus on the definition of mental health has implications for research, policy and practice. This study aims to start an international, interdisciplinary and inclusive dialogue to answer the question: What are the core concepts of mental health? Design and participants 50 people with expertise in the field of mental health from 8 countries completed an online survey. They identified the extent to which 4 current definitions were adequate and what the core concepts of mental health were. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted of their responses. The results were validated at a consensus meeting of 58 clinicians, researchers and people with lived experience. Results 46% of respondents rated the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC, 2006) definition as the most preferred, 30% stated that none of the 4 definitions were satisfactory and only 20% said the WHO (2001) definition was their preferred choice. The least preferred definition of mental health was the general definition of health adapted from Huber et al (2011). The core concepts of mental health were highly varied and reflected different processes people used to answer the question. These processes included the overarching perspective or point of reference of respondents (positionality), the frameworks used to describe the core concepts (paradigms, theories and models), and the way social and environmental factors were considered to act. The core concepts of mental health identified were mainly individual and functional, in that they related to the ability or capacity of a person to effectively deal with or change his/her environment. A preliminary model for the processes used to conceptualise mental health is presented. Conclusions Answers to the question, ‘What are the core concepts of mental health?’ are highly dependent on the empirical frame used. Understanding these empirical frames is key to developing a useful consensus definition for diverse populations. PMID:26038353

  15. Space Station Furnace Facility. Volume 1: Requirements definition and conceptual design study, executive summary

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1992-01-01

    The Space Station Freedom Furnace (SSFF) Study was awarded on June 2, 1989, to Teledyne Brown Engineering (TBE) to define an advanced facility for materials research in the microgravity environment of Space Station Freedom (SSF). The SSFF will be designed for research in the solidification of metals and alloys, the crystal growth of electronic and electro-optical materials, and research in glasses and ceramics. The SSFF is one of the first 'facility' class payloads planned by the Microgravity Science and Applications Division (MSAD) of the Office of Space Science and Applications of NASA Headquarters. This facility is planned for early deployment during man-tended operations of the SSF with continuing operations through the Permanently Manned Configuration (PMC). The SSFF will be built around a general 'Core' facility which provides common support functions not provided by SSF, common subsystems which are best centralized, and common subsystems which are best distributed with each experiment module. The intent of the facility approach is to reduce the overall cost associated with implementing and operating a variety of experiments. This is achieved by reducing the launch mass and simplifying the hardware development and qualification processes associated with each experiment. The Core will remain on orbit and will require only periodic maintenance and upgrading while new Furnace Modules, samples, and consumables are developed, qualified, and transported to the SSF. The SSFF Study was divided into two phases: phase 1, a definition study phase, and phase 2, a design and development phase. The definition phase 1 is addressed. Phase 1 was divided into two parts. In the first part, the basic part of the effort, covered the preliminary definition and assessment of requirements; conceptual design of the SSFF; fabrication of mockups; and the preparation for and support of the Conceptual Design Review (CoDR). The second part, the option part, covered requirements update and documentation; refinement of the selected conceptual design through additional trades and analyses; design, fabrication, and test of the Development Model; and design, fabrication, and test of the Interrack Demonstration Unit; and support of the requirements definition review (RDR). The purpose of part 2 was to prove concept feasibility.

  16. Investigating Cognitive Processes within a Practical Art Context: A Phenomenological Case Study Focusing on Three Adolescents

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hickman, Richard; Kiss, Lauren

    2013-01-01

    A phenomenological approach was employed in order to record and present the lived experiences of three students during a five-hour art-making activity. Theoretical definitions of cognitive processes pertinent to art and design were compared with the descriptions gathered from the students. The research was intended to portray as accurately as…

  17. Overview of the Integrated Programs for Aerospace Vehicle Design (IPAD) project

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Venneri, S. L.

    1983-01-01

    To respond to national needs for improved productivity in engineering design and manufacturing, a NASA supported joint industry/government project is underway denoted Integrated Programs for Aerospace Vehicle Design (IPAD). The objective is to improve engineering productivity through better use of computer technology. It focuses on development of data base management technology and associated software for integrated company wide management of engineering and manufacturing information. Results to date on the IPAD project include an in depth documentation of a representative design process for a large engineering project, the definition and design of computer aided design software needed to support that process, and the release of prototype software to manage engineering information. This paper provides an overview of the IPAD project and summarizes progress to date and future plans.

  18. The Pasm Parallel Processing System: Design, Simulation, and Image Processing Applications. Volume 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-12-31

    was not funded and the author and other members of the PASM group turned their attention to related studies such as the further definition of the... Four such quadrants comprise the set of MCs and PEs. The logical PE i within each MC group is serviced by MSU i. Figure 1.9.3 shows that the MSUs are...instead of four Data Input Queues and with a 4-by-4 instead of a 2-by-2 crossbar switch could be designed. Studies indicate that the perfor- mance of a

  19. Power management and distribution considerations for a lunar base

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kenny, Barbara H.; Coleman, Anthony S.

    1991-01-01

    Design philosophies and technology needs for the power management and distribution (PMAD) portion of a lunar base power system are discussed. A process is described whereby mission planners may proceed from a knowledge of the PMAD functions and mission performance requirements to a definition of design options and technology needs. Current research efforts at the NASA LRC to meet the PMAD system needs for a Lunar base are described. Based on the requirements, the lunar base PMAD is seen as best being accomplished by a utility like system, although with some additional demands including autonomous operation and scheduling and accurate, predictive modeling during the design process.

  20. 40 CFR 63.681 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... drain system, a gravity-operated conveyor (such as a chute), and a mechanically-powered conveyor (such... features permanently integrated into the design of the unit. Emission point means an individual tank, surface impoundment, container, oil-water or organic-water separator, transfer system, process vent, or...

  1. 7 CFR 1218.10 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Information. 1218.10 Section 1218.10 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1218.10 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  2. 7 CFR 1216.13 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Information. 1216.13 Section 1216.13 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Peanut Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1216.13 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  3. 7 CFR 1216.13 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Information. 1216.13 Section 1216.13 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Peanut Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1216.13 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  4. 7 CFR 1216.13 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Information. 1216.13 Section 1216.13 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Peanut Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1216.13 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  5. 7 CFR 1218.10 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Information. 1218.10 Section 1218.10 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1218.10 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  6. 7 CFR 1218.10 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Information. 1218.10 Section 1218.10 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1218.10 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  7. 7 CFR 1218.10 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Information. 1218.10 Section 1218.10 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1218.10 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  8. 7 CFR 1216.13 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Information. 1216.13 Section 1216.13 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Peanut Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1216.13 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  9. 7 CFR 3431.3 - Definitions and acronyms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Designation of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431... veterinarian, or equivalent, who will be responsible for nominating and certifying veterinarian shortage... process in subpart A of this part, determines has a shortage of veterinarians: (1) Geographical areas that...

  10. 7 CFR 3431.3 - Definitions and acronyms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Designation of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431... veterinarian, or equivalent, who will be responsible for nominating and certifying veterinarian shortage... process in subpart A of this part, determines has a shortage of veterinarians: (1) Geographical areas that...

  11. 7 CFR 3431.3 - Definitions and acronyms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Designation of Veterinarian Shortage Situations § 3431... veterinarian, or equivalent, who will be responsible for nominating and certifying veterinarian shortage... process in subpart A of this part, determines has a shortage of veterinarians: (1) Geographical areas that...

  12. Conceptualising Intercultural Effectiveness for University Teaching

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stone, Nick

    2006-01-01

    This article focuses on one specific aspect of internationalisation in higher education: better understanding intercultural effectiveness so that university teachers can facilitate related student learning. It adopts an "actionable" definition of internationalisation to suggest ways to improve processes associated with the design, delivery,…

  13. 40 CFR 63.681 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... drain system, a gravity-operated conveyor (such as a chute), and a mechanically-powered conveyor (such... features permanently integrated into the design of the unit. Emission point means an individual tank, surface impoundment, container, oil-water or organic-water separator, transfer system, process vent, or...

  14. 40 CFR 63.681 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... drain system, a gravity-operated conveyor (such as a chute), and a mechanically-powered conveyor (such... features permanently integrated into the design of the unit. Emission point means an individual tank, surface impoundment, container, oil-water or organic-water separator, transfer system, process vent, or...

  15. 7 CFR 1216.13 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Information. 1216.13 Section 1216.13 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Peanut Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1216.13 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  16. 7 CFR 1218.10 - Information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Information. 1218.10 Section 1218.10 Agriculture... INFORMATION ORDER Blueberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1218.10 Information. Information means information and programs that are designed to increase efficiency in processing and to...

  17. 38 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  18. 40 CFR 30.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  19. 38 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  20. 38 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  1. 10 CFR 600.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also... Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant...

  2. 10 CFR 600.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also... Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant...

  3. 2 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  4. 40 CFR 30.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  5. System Engineering Concept Demonstration, Effort Summary. Volume 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-12-01

    involve only the system software, user frameworks and user tools. U •User Tool....s , Catalyst oExternal 00 Computer Framwork P OSystems • •~ Sysytem...analysis, synthesis, optimization, conceptual design of Catalyst. The paper discusses the definition, design, test, and evaluation; operational concept...This approach will allow system engineering The conceptual requirements for the Process Model practitioners to recognize and tailor the model. This

  6. Systematic Model-in-the-Loop Test of Embedded Control Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krupp, Alexander; Müller, Wolfgang

    Current model-based development processes offer new opportunities for verification automation, e.g., in automotive development. The duty of functional verification is the detection of design flaws. Current functional verification approaches exhibit a major gap between requirement definition and formal property definition, especially when analog signals are involved. Besides lack of methodical support for natural language formalization, there does not exist a standardized and accepted means for formal property definition as a target for verification planning. This article addresses several shortcomings of embedded system verification. An Enhanced Classification Tree Method is developed based on the established Classification Tree Method for Embeded Systems CTM/ES which applies a hardware verification language to define a verification environment.

  7. Mesogondolella and Jinogondolella (Conodonta): Multielement definition of the taxa that bracket the basal Guadalupian (Middle Permian Series) GSSP

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Lambert, L.L.; Wardlaw, B.R.; Henderson, C.M.

    2007-01-01

    Multielement definitions are presented here for Mesogondolella and Jinogondolella based on species that bracket the basal Guadalupian (Middle Permian Series) GSSP. Distinctive apparatus characters that appear with the first Jinogondolella include several details of P2 element dimorphism and process bifurcation in S3 elements. The sequential expression of these multielement characters is traced through M. idahoensis, M. lamberti, and J. nankingensis. The resulting multielement definition of Jinogondolella serves to distinguish it from all other closely related genera. Mesogondolella lamberti is recognized as a distinct species, and J. serrata is formally designated a junior synonym of J. nankingensis. ?? 2007 Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS.

  8. Space station systems analysis study. Part 2, volume 3: Appendixes, Book 2: Supporting data (7 through 18)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1977-01-01

    Topics discussed include: (1) design considerations for a MARS sample return laboratory module for space station investigations; (2) crew productivity as a function of work shift arrangement; (3) preliminary analysis of the local logistics problem on the space construction base; (4) mission hardware construction operational flows and timelines; (5) orbit transfer vehicle concept definition; (6) summary of results and findings of space processing working review; (7) crew and habitability subsystem (option L); (8) habitability subsystem considerations for shuttle tended option L; (9) orbiter utilization in manned sortie missions; (10) considerations in definition of space construction base standard module configuration (option L); (11) guidance, control, and navigation subsystems; and (12) system and design tradeoffs.

  9. Study of Design Knowledge Capture (DKC) schemes implemented in magnetic bearing applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1990-01-01

    A design knowledge capture (DKC) scheme was implemented using frame-based techniques. The objective of such a system is to capture not only the knowledge which describes a design, but also that which explains how the design decisions were reached. These knowledge types were labelled definitive and explanatory, respectively. Examination of the design process helped determine what knowledge to retain and at what stage that knowledge is used. A discussion of frames resulted in the recognition of their value to knowledge representation and organization. The FORMS frame system was used as a basis for further development, and for examples using magnetic bearing design. The specific contributions made by this research include: determination that frame-based systems provide a useful methodology for management and application of design knowledge; definition of specific user interface requirements, (this consists of a window-based browser); specification of syntax for DKC commands; and demonstration of the feasibility of DKC by applications to existing designs. It was determined that design knowledge capture could become an extremely valuable engineering tool for complicated, long-life systems, but that further work was needed, particularly the development of a graphic, window-based interface.

  10. Masters Athletes: Exemplars of Successful Aging?

    PubMed

    Geard, David; Reaburn, Peter R J; Rebar, Amanda L; Dionigi, Rylee A

    2017-07-01

    Global population aging has raised academic interest in successful aging to a public policy priority. Currently there is no consensus regarding the definition of successful aging. However, a synthesis of research shows successful aging can be defined as a late-life process of change characterized by high physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning. Masters athletes systematically train for, and compete in, organized forms of team and individual sport specifically designed for older adults. Masters athletes are often proposed as exemplars of successful aging. However, their aging status has never been examined using a comprehensive multidimensional successful aging definition. Here, we examine the successful aging literature, propose a successful aging definition based on this literature, present evidence which suggests masters athletes could be considered exemplars of successful aging according to the proposed definition, and list future experimental research directions.

  11. Onboard experiment data support facility. Task 2 report: Definition of onboard processing requirements

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1976-01-01

    The onboard experiment data support facility (OEDSF) will provide data processing support to various experiment payloads on board the space shuttle. The OEDSF study will define the conceptual design and generate specifications for an OEDSF which will meet the following objectives: (1) provide a cost-effective approach to end-to-end processing requirements, (2) service multiple disciplines (3) satisfy user needs, (4) reduce the amount and improve the quality of data collected, stored and processed, and (5) embody growth capacity.

  12. Space processes for extended low-G testing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Steurer, W. H.; Kaye, S.; Gorham, D. J.

    1973-01-01

    Results of an investigation of verifying the capabilities of space processes in ground based experiments at low-g periods are presented. Limited time experiments were conducted with the processes. A valid representation of the complete process cycle was achieved at low-g periods ranging from 40 to 390 seconds. A minimum equipment inventory, is defined. A modular equipment design, adopted to assure low cost and high program flexibility, is presented as well as procedures and data established for the synthesis and definition of dedicated and mixed rocket payloads.

  13. ESS Cryogenic System Process Design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arnold, P.; Hees, W.; Jurns, J.; Su, X. T.; Wang, X. L.; Weisend, J. G., II

    2015-12-01

    The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron-scattering facility funded and supported in collaboration with 17 European countries in Lund, Sweden. Cryogenic cooling at ESS is vital particularly for the linear accelerator, the hydrogen target moderators, a test stand for cryomodules, the neutron instruments and their sample environments. The paper will focus on specific process design criteria, design decisions and their motivations for the helium cryoplants and auxiliary equipment. Key issues for all plants and their process concepts are energy efficiency, reliability, smooth turn-down behaviour and flexibility. The accelerator cryoplant (ACCP) and the target moderator cryoplant (TMCP) in particular need to be prepared for a range of refrigeration capacities due to the intrinsic uncertainties regarding heat load definitions. Furthermore the paper addresses questions regarding process arrangement, 2 K cooling methodology, LN2 precooling, helium storage, helium purification and heat recovery.

  14. 7 CFR 1208.24 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Research. 1208.24 Section 1208.24 Agriculture..., RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Processed Raspberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1208.24 Research. Research means any type of test, study, or analysis designed to advance the image...

  15. 7 CFR 1208.24 - Research.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Research. 1208.24 Section 1208.24 Agriculture..., RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Processed Raspberry Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1208.24 Research. Research means any type of test, study, or analysis designed to advance the image...

  16. 36 CFR 1210.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act (31 U...

  17. 34 CFR 74.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term “research..., where the Secretary has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and...

  18. 41 CFR 105-72.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  19. 43 CFR 12.902 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  20. 34 CFR 74.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term “research..., where the Secretary has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and...

  1. 41 CFR 105-72.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  2. 41 CFR 105-72.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

  3. 32 CFR 32.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... used in those parts. For example, “suspension” is defined in this section to mean temporary withdrawal...

  4. 34 CFR 74.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term “research..., where the Secretary has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and...

  5. Instructional System Development.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Department of the Air Force, Washington, DC.

    The manual presents a technology of instructional design and a model for developing and conducting efficient and cost effective Air Force instructional systems. Chapter 1 provides an overview of Instructional System Development (ISD). Chapters 2-6 each focus on a step of the process: analysis of system requirements; definition of…

  6. 9 CFR 78.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... designed by the herd owner, the owner's veterinarian if so requested, and a State representative or APHIS... handling facility for a maximum of 7 days and may not change ownership during this time. No cattle or bison... reinstated without repeating the certification process if epidemiological studies and bacteriological...

  7. A Survey of Research Methods to Study Design

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-06-01

    Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Definition Languages (IDEFO, IDEF 1, and IDEF 2) Nijssen’s Information Analysis Method (NIAM) * Michael ... Jackson Diagrams 1I-1 • Warnier-Orr Di.grams Hierarchical Input Process Output (HIPO) charts * Nassi Schneiderman Charts. These techniques were intended

  8. Integrating Multibody Simulation and CFD: toward Complex Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pieri, Stefano; Poloni, Carlo; Mühlmeier, Martin

    This paper describes the use of integrated multidisciplinary analysis and optimization of a race car model on a predefined circuit. The objective is the definition of the most efficient geometric configuration that can guarantee the lowest lap time. In order to carry out this study it has been necessary to interface the design optimization software modeFRONTIER with the following softwares: CATIA v5, a three dimensional CAD software, used for the definition of the parametric geometry; A.D.A.M.S./Motorsport, a multi-body dynamic simulation software; IcemCFD, a mesh generator, for the automatic generation of the CFD grid; CFX, a Navier-Stokes code, for the fluid-dynamic forces prediction. The process integration gives the possibility to compute, for each geometrical configuration, a set of aerodynamic coefficients that are then used in the multiboby simulation for the computation of the lap time. Finally an automatic optimization procedure is started and the lap-time minimized. The whole process is executed on a Linux cluster running CFD simulations in parallel.

  9. MEMS product engineering: methodology and tools

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ortloff, Dirk; Popp, Jens; Schmidt, Thilo; Hahn, Kai; Mielke, Matthias; Brück, Rainer

    2011-03-01

    The development of MEMS comprises the structural design as well as the definition of an appropriate manufacturing process. Technology constraints have a considerable impact on the device design and vice-versa. Product design and technology development are therefore concurrent tasks. Based on a comprehensive methodology the authors introduce a software environment that links commercial design tools from both area into a common design flow. In this paper emphasis is put on automatic low threshold data acquisition. The intention is to collect and categorize development data for further developments with minimum overhead and minimum disturbance of established business processes. As a first step software tools that automatically extract data from spreadsheets or file-systems and put them in context with existing information are presented. The developments are currently carried out in a European research project.

  10. A status of the Turbine Technology Team activities

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Griffin, Lisa W.

    1992-01-01

    The recent activities of the Turbine Technology Team of the Consortium for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Application in Propulsion Technology is presented. The team consists of members from the government, industry, and universities. The goal of this team is to demonstrate the benefits to the turbine design process attainable through the application of CFD. This goal is to be achieved by enhancing and validating turbine design tools for improved loading and flowfield definition and loss prediction, and transferring the advanced technology to the turbine design process. In order to demonstrate the advantages of using CFD early in the design phase, the Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) turbines for the National Launch System (NLS) were chosen on which to focus the team's efforts. The Turbine Team activities run parallel to the STME design work.

  11. A quality by design study applied to an industrial pharmaceutical fluid bed granulation.

    PubMed

    Lourenço, Vera; Lochmann, Dirk; Reich, Gabriele; Menezes, José C; Herdling, Thorsten; Schewitz, Jens

    2012-06-01

    The pharmaceutical industry is encouraged within Quality by Design (QbD) to apply science-based manufacturing principles to assure quality not only of new but also of existing processes. This paper presents how QbD principles can be applied to an existing industrial pharmaceutical fluid bed granulation (FBG) process. A three-step approach is presented as follows: (1) implementation of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) monitoring tools at the industrial scale process, combined with multivariate data analysis (MVDA) of process and PAT data to increase the process knowledge; (2) execution of scaled-down designed experiments at a pilot scale, with adequate PAT monitoring tools, to investigate the process response to intended changes in Critical Process Parameters (CPPs); and finally (3) the definition of a process Design Space (DS) linking CPPs to Critical to Quality Attributes (CQAs), within which product quality is ensured by design, and after scale-up enabling its use at the industrial process scale. The proposed approach was developed for an existing industrial process. Through enhanced process knowledge established a significant reduction in product CQAs, variability already within quality specifications ranges was achieved by a better choice of CPPs values. The results of such step-wise development and implementation are described. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Guidelines for Processing and Cataloging Computer Software for Schools and Area Education Agencies. Suggestions to Aid Schools and AEAs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martin, Elizabeth; And Others

    Based on definitions of a machine-readable data file (MRDF) taken from the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, second edition (AACR2) and Standards for Cataloging Nonprint Materials, the following recommendations for processing items of computer software are provided: (1) base main and added entry determination on AACR2; (2) place designation of form…

  13. Research and Design on a Product Data Definition System of Semiconductor Packaging Industry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Jinfei; Ma, Qingyao; Zhou, Yifan; Chen, Ruwen

    2017-12-01

    This paper develops a product data definition (PDD) system for a semiconductor packaging and testing company with independent intellectual property rights. The new PDD system can solve the problems such as, the effective control of production plans, the timely feedback of production processes, and the efficient schedule of resources. Firstly, this paper introduces the general requirements of the PDD system and depicts the operation flow and the data flow of the PDD system. Secondly, the overall design scheme of the PDD system is put forward. After that, the physical data model is developed using the Power Designer15.0 tool, and the database system is built. Finally, the function realization and running effects of the PDD system are analysed. The successful operation of the PDD system can realize the information flow among various production departments of the enterprise to meet the standard of the enterprise manufacturing integration and improve the efficiency of production management.

  14. Parametric and Generative Design Techniques for Digitalization in Building Industry: the Case Study of Glued- Laminated-Timber Industry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pasetti Monizza, G.; Matt, D. T.; Benedetti, C.

    2016-11-01

    According to Wortmann classification, the Building Industry (BI) can be defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) industry: the engineering-process starts only when an order is acquired. This definition implies that every final product (building) is almost unique’ and processes cannot be easily standardized or automated. Because of this, BI is one of the less efficient industries today’ mostly leaded by craftsmanship. In the last years’ several improvements in process efficiency have been made focusing on manufacturing and installation processes only. In order to improve the efficiency of design and engineering processes as well, the scientific community agrees that the most fruitful strategy should be Front-End Design (FED). Nevertheless, effective techniques and tools are missing. This paper discusses outcomes of a research activity that aims at highlighting whether Parametric and Generative Design techniques allow reducing wastes of resources and improving the overall efficiency of the BI, by pushing the Digitalization of design and engineering processes of products. Focusing on the Glued-Laminated-Timber industry, authors will show how Parametric and Generative Design techniques can be introduced in a standard supply-chain system, highlighting potentials and criticism on the supply-chain system as a whole.

  15. Robustness. [in space systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ryan, Robert

    1993-01-01

    The concept of rubustness includes design simplicity, component and path redundancy, desensitization to the parameter and environment variations, control of parameter variations, and punctual operations. These characteristics must be traded with functional concepts, materials, and fabrication approach against the criteria of performance, cost, and reliability. The paper describes the robustness design process, which includes the following seven major coherent steps: translation of vision into requirements, definition of the robustness characteristics desired, criteria formulation of required robustness, concept selection, detail design, manufacturing and verification, operations.

  16. Design and Development of a User Interface for the Dynamic Model of Software Project Management.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-03-01

    rectory of the user’s choice for future...the last choice selected. Let us assume for the sake of this tour that the user has selected all eight choices . ESTIMATED ACTUAL PROJECT SIZE DEFINITION...manipulation of varaibles in the * •. TJin~ca model "h ... ser Inter ace for the Dynamica model was designed b in iterative process of prototyping

  17. A methodology for the environmental assessment of advanced coal extraction systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sullivan, P. J.; Hutchinson, C. F.; Makihara, J.; Evensizer, J.

    1980-01-01

    Procedures developed to identify and assess potential environment impacts of advanced mining technology as it moves from a generic concept to a more systems definition are described. Two levels of assessment are defined in terms of the design stage of the technology being evaluated. The first level of analysis is appropriate to a conceptual design. At this level it is assumed that each mining process has known and potential environmental impacts that are generic to each mining activity. By using this assumption, potential environmental impacts can be identified for new mining systems. When two or more systems have been assessed, they can be evaluated comparing potential environmental impacts. At the preliminary stage of design, a systems performance can be assessed again with more precision. At this level of systems definition, potential environmental impacts can be analyzed and their significane determined in a manner to facilitate comparisons between systems. At each level of analysis, suggestions calculated to help the designer mitigate potentially harmful impacts are provided.

  18. Proposed primary endpoints for use in clinical trials that compare treatment options for bloodstream infection in adults: a consensus definition.

    PubMed

    Harris, P N A; McNamara, J F; Lye, D C; Davis, J S; Bernard, L; Cheng, A C; Doi, Y; Fowler, V G; Kaye, K S; Leibovici, L; Lipman, J; Llewelyn, M J; Munoz-Price, S; Paul, M; Peleg, A Y; Rodríguez-Baño, J; Rogers, B A; Seifert, H; Thamlikitkul, V; Thwaites, G; Tong, S Y C; Turnidge, J; Utili, R; Webb, S A R; Paterson, D L

    2017-08-01

    To define standardized endpoints to aid the design of trials that compare antibiotic therapies for bloodstream infections (BSI). Prospective studies, randomized trials or registered protocols comparing antibiotic therapies for BSI, published from 2005 to 2016, were reviewed. Consensus endpoints for BSI studies were defined using a modified Delphi process. Different primary and secondary endpoints were defined for pilot (small-scale studies designed to evaluate protocol design, feasibility and implementation) and definitive trials (larger-scale studies designed to test hypotheses and influence clinical practice), as well as for Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative BSI. For pilot studies of S. aureus BSI, a primary outcome of success at day 7 was defined by: survival, resolution of fever, stable/improved Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and clearance of blood cultures, with no microbiologically confirmed failure up to 90 days. For definitive S. aureus BSI studies, a primary outcome of success at 90 days was defined by survival and no microbiologically confirmed failure. For pilot studies of Gram-negative BSI, a primary outcome of success at day 7 was defined by: survival, resolution of fever and symptoms related to BSI source, stable or improved SOFA score and negative blood cultures. For definitive Gram-negative BSI studies, a primary outcome of survival at 90 days supported by a secondary outcome of success at day 7 (as previously defined) was agreed. These endpoints provide a framework to aid future trial design. Further work will be required to validate these endpoints with respect to patient-centred clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. All rights reserved.

  19. 40 CFR 60.671 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... washing process which is designed and operated at all times such that the product is saturated with water. ... series of idlers and routed around a pulley at each end. Bucket elevator means a conveying device of... (screens) in series, and retaining oversize material on the mesh surfaces (screens). Grizzly feeders...

  20. 40 CFR 60.671 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... washing process which is designed and operated at all times such that the product is saturated with water. ... series of idlers and routed around a pulley at each end. Bucket elevator means a conveying device of... (screens) in series, and retaining oversize material on the mesh surfaces (screens). Grizzly feeders...

  1. 40 CFR 60.671 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... washing process which is designed and operated at all times such that the product is saturated with water. ... series of idlers and routed around a pulley at each end. Bucket elevator means a conveying device of... (screens) in series, and retaining oversize material on the mesh surfaces (screens). Grizzly feeders...

  2. 40 CFR 60.671 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... washing process which is designed and operated at all times such that the product is saturated with water. ... series of idlers and routed around a pulley at each end. Bucket elevator means a conveying device of... (screens) in series, and retaining oversize material on the mesh surfaces (screens). Grizzly feeders...

  3. 40 CFR 60.671 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... washing process which is designed and operated at all times such that the product is saturated with water. ... series of idlers and routed around a pulley at each end. Bucket elevator means a conveying device of... (screens) in series, and retaining oversize material on the mesh surfaces (screens). Grizzly feeders...

  4. Designing K-2 Formative Assessment Tasks

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reed, Kristen E.; Goldenberg, E. Paul

    2016-01-01

    Formative assessment is a process used by teachers and students during instruction that provides feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to improve students' achievements of intended instructional outcomes. Formative assessment means assessment embedded in instruction. That definition was adopted in 2006 by the Council of Chief State…

  5. Fundraising for Early Childhood Programs: Getting Started and Getting Results.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Finn, Matia

    Designed to assist practitioners serving young children and their families, this book contains information about methods of raising money and managing nonprofit organizations. Following the first chapter's introductory definition of important terms associated with the fundraising process, chapter 2 discusses some prerequisite steps required before…

  6. 7 CFR 3019.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... Research Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (as amended by the Food Security Act (7 U.S.C. 3318...

  7. 7 CFR 3019.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... Research Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (as amended by the Food Security Act (7 U.S.C. 3318...

  8. 7 CFR 3019.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... Research Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (as amended by the Food Security Act (7 U.S.C. 3318...

  9. 7 CFR 3019.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... Research Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (as amended by the Food Security Act (7 U.S.C. 3318...

  10. 21 CFR 113.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... processing and packaging means the filling of a commercially sterilized cooled product into pre-sterilized... production of foods that are to be used in market or consumer tests are also included. (e) Commercial... the inside surface of the lid. (j) Hermetically sealed container means a container that is designed...

  11. 9 CFR 78.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... designed by the herd owner, the owner's veterinarian if so requested, and a State representative or APHIS... handling facility for a maximum of 7 days and may not change ownership during this time. No cattle or bison... process if epidemiological studies and bacteriological cultures conducted by an APHIS representative or...

  12. Alternative Teacher Certification--An Update. ERIC Digest.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Otuya, Ebo

    This digest reviews alternative certification on the basis of educational quality and the need to fill teacher shortages. Following a definition of traditional certification, the alternative certification route is described as a process designed to certify candidates who have subject-matter competencies, without going through formal teacher…

  13. Experimental verification of an indefinite causal order

    PubMed Central

    Rubino, Giulia; Rozema, Lee A.; Feix, Adrien; Araújo, Mateus; Zeuner, Jonas M.; Procopio, Lorenzo M.; Brukner, Časlav; Walther, Philip

    2017-01-01

    Investigating the role of causal order in quantum mechanics has recently revealed that the causal relations of events may not be a priori well defined in quantum theory. Although this has triggered a growing interest on the theoretical side, creating processes without a causal order is an experimental task. We report the first decisive demonstration of a process with an indefinite causal order. To do this, we quantify how incompatible our setup is with a definite causal order by measuring a “causal witness.” This mathematical object incorporates a series of measurements that are designed to yield a certain outcome only if the process under examination is not consistent with any well-defined causal order. In our experiment, we perform a measurement in a superposition of causal orders—without destroying the coherence—to acquire information both inside and outside of a “causally nonordered process.” Using this information, we experimentally determine a causal witness, demonstrating by almost 7 SDs that the experimentally implemented process does not have a definite causal order. PMID:28378018

  14. Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1991-01-01

    This report summarizes work performed in support of the development and demonstration of a structural ceramic technology for automotive gas turbine engines. The AGT101 regenerated gas turbine engine developed under the previous DOE/NASA Advanced Gas Turbine (AGT) program is being utilized for verification testing of the durability of next-generation ceramic components and their suitability for service at reference powertrain design conditions. Topics covered in this report include ceramic processing definition and refinement, design improvements to the test bed engine and test rigs, and design methodologies related to ceramic impact and fracture mechanisms. Appendices include reports by ATTAP subcontractors addressing the development of silicon nitride and silicon carbide families of materials and processes.

  15. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hugo, Jacques Victor; Gertman, David Ira

    The new generation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) will likely make use of state-of-the-art technologies in many areas of the plant. The analysis, design, and selection of advanced human–system interfaces (HSIs) constitute an important part of power plant engineering. Designers need to consider the new capabilities afforded by these technologies in the context of current regulations and new operational concepts, which is why they need a more rigorous method by which to plan the introduction of advanced HSIs in NPP work areas. Much of current human factors research stops at the user interface and fails to provide a definitive processmore » for integration of end user devices with instrumentation and control (I&C) and operational concepts. The current lack of a clear definition of HSI technology, including the process for integration, makes characterization and implementation of new and advanced HSIs difficult. This paper describes how new design concepts in the nuclear industry can be analyzed and how HSI technologies associated with new industrial processes might be considered. Furthermore, it also describes a basis for an understanding of human as well as technology characteristics that could be incorporated into a prioritization scheme for technology selection and deployment plans.« less

  16. Task Management in the New ATLAS Production System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    De, K.; Golubkov, D.; Klimentov, A.; Potekhin, M.; Vaniachine, A.; Atlas Collaboration

    2014-06-01

    This document describes the design of the new Production System of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC [1]. The Production System is the top level workflow manager which translates physicists' needs for production level processing and analysis into actual workflows executed across over a hundred Grid sites used globally by ATLAS. As the production workload increased in volume and complexity in recent years (the ATLAS production tasks count is above one million, with each task containing hundreds or thousands of jobs) there is a need to upgrade the Production System to meet the challenging requirements of the next LHC run while minimizing the operating costs. In the new design, the main subsystems are the Database Engine for Tasks (DEFT) and the Job Execution and Definition Interface (JEDI). Based on users' requests, DEFT manages inter-dependent groups of tasks (Meta-Tasks) and generates corresponding data processing workflows. The JEDI component then dynamically translates the task definitions from DEFT into actual workload jobs executed in the PanDA Workload Management System [2]. We present the requirements, design parameters, basics of the object model and concrete solutions utilized in building the new Production System and its components.

  17. Defining "adverse environmental impact" and making paragraph 316(b) decisions: a fisheries management approach.

    PubMed

    Bailey, David E; Bulleit, Kristy A N

    2002-05-17

    The electric utility industry has developed an approach for decisionmaking that includes a definition of Adverse Environmental Impact (AEI) and an implementation process. The definition of AEI is based on lessons from fishery management science and analysis of the statutory term "adverse environmental impact" and is consistent with current natural resource management policy. The industry has proposed a definition focusing on "unacceptable risk to the population"s ability to sustain itself, to support reasonably anticipated commercial or recreational harvests, or to perform its normal ecological function." This definition focuses not on counting individual fish or eggs cropped by the various uses of a water body, but on preserving populations of aquatic organisms and their functions in the aquatic community. The definition recognizes that assessment of AEI should be site-specific and requires both a biological decision and a balancing of diverse societal values. The industry believes that the definition of AEI should be implemented in a process that will maximize the overall societal benefit of the paragraph 316(b) decision by considering the facility"s physical location, design, and operation, as well as the local biology. The approach considers effects on affected fish and shellfish populations and the benefits of any necessary best technology available (BTA) alternatives. This is accomplished through consideration of population impacts, which conversely allows consideration of the benefits of any necessary BTA modifications. This in turn allows selection of BTAs that will protect potentially affected populations in a cost-effective manner. The process also employs risk assessment with stakeholder participation, in accordance with EPA's Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. The information and tools are now available to make informed decisions about site-specific impacts that will ensure protection of aquatic ecosystems and best serve the public interest.

  18. For Performance through Learning, Knowledge Management Is Critical Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gorelick, Carol; Tantawy-Monsou, Brigitte

    2005-01-01

    Purpose: This paper proposes that knowledge management is a system that integrates people, process and technology for sustainable results by increasing performance through learning. Definitions of knowledge, knowledge management and performance serve as a foundation. Design/methodology/approach: The model for the knowledge era proposed in this…

  19. 40 CFR 63.742 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... commercial or military service in the capacity for which it was designed. Carbon adsorber means one vessel in a series of vessels in a carbon adsorption system that contains carbon and is used to remove gaseous... process that removes permanent coating in small sections at a time and maintains a continuous vacuum...

  20. 40 CFR 63.742 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... commercial or military service in the capacity for which it was designed. Carbon adsorber means one vessel in a series of vessels in a carbon adsorption system that contains carbon and is used to remove gaseous... process that removes permanent coating in small sections at a time and maintains a continuous vacuum...

  1. 29 CFR 1926.751 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... process of erection. Steel joist means an open web, secondary load-carrying member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or... structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists. Steel joist girder means an open web, primary load-carrying... structural steel trusses. Steel truss means an open web member designed of structural steel components by the...

  2. 29 CFR 1926.751 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... process of erection. Steel joist means an open web, secondary load-carrying member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or... structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists. Steel joist girder means an open web, primary load-carrying... structural steel trusses. Steel truss means an open web member designed of structural steel components by the...

  3. Analyzing the Effects of Context-Aware Mobile Design Principles on Student Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Seneca, Eric

    2014-01-01

    The adoption of mobile technology is rapidly transforming how individuals obtain information. Learning occurs when content is accessed in a recursive process of awareness, exploration, reflection and resolution within one's social context. Specifically, the most visible, current definitions of mobile learning provide an overview of the learning…

  4. 14 CFR § 1245.102 - Definitions and terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... arrangement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) or another Government agency on NASA... thereunder, and including NASA grants awarded under the authority of 42 U.S.C. 1891-1893. (b) Contractor... includes any art, method, process, machine, manufacture, design, or composition or matter, or any new and...

  5. 14 CFR 1245.102 - Definitions and terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... arrangement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) or another Government agency on NASA... thereunder, and including NASA grants awarded under the authority of 42 U.S.C. 1891-1893. (b) Contractor... includes any art, method, process, machine, manufacture, design, or composition or matter, or any new and...

  6. 14 CFR 1245.102 - Definitions and terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... arrangement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) or another Government agency on NASA... thereunder, and including NASA grants awarded under the authority of 42 U.S.C. 1891-1893. (b) Contractor... includes any art, method, process, machine, manufacture, design, or composition or matter, or any new and...

  7. 14 CFR 1245.102 - Definitions and terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... arrangement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) or another Government agency on NASA... thereunder, and including NASA grants awarded under the authority of 42 U.S.C. 1891-1893. (b) Contractor... includes any art, method, process, machine, manufacture, design, or composition or matter, or any new and...

  8. 40 CFR 63.12005 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... allowable working pressure of the process component. Conservation vents must be designed to open only when... constituents that approach the limits of solubility for scrubbing media, the highest or lowest HAP mass loading rate of constituents that approach limits of solubility for scrubbing media. Maximum true vapor...

  9. 40 CFR 63.12005 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... allowable working pressure of the process component. Conservation vents must be designed to open only when... constituents that approach the limits of solubility for scrubbing media, the highest or lowest HAP mass loading rate of constituents that approach limits of solubility for scrubbing media. Maximum true vapor...

  10. The Relevance and Efficacy of Metacognition for Instructional Design in the Domain of Mathematics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baten, Elke; Praet, Magda; Desoete, Annemie

    2017-01-01

    The efficacy of metacognition as theory-based instructional principle or technique in general, and particularly in mathematics, is explored. Starting with an overview of different definitions, conceptualizations, assessment and training models originating from cognitive information processing theory, the role of metacognition in teaching and…

  11. 40 CFR 1601.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... overhead expenses, such as the cost of space and heating or lighting of the facility in which the records... FOIA request. Such copies can take the form of, among other things, paper copy, microform, audio-visual... operates a program of scholarly research. FOIA Officer means the person designated to process requests for...

  12. 40 CFR 1601.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... overhead expenses, such as the cost of space and heating or lighting of the facility in which the records... FOIA request. Such copies can take the form of, among other things, paper copy, microform, audio-visual... operates a program of scholarly research. FOIA Officer means the person designated to process requests for...

  13. 40 CFR 1601.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... overhead expenses, such as the cost of space and heating or lighting of the facility in which the records... FOIA request. Such copies can take the form of, among other things, paper copy, microform, audio-visual... operates a program of scholarly research. FOIA Officer means the person designated to process requests for...

  14. 40 CFR 1601.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... overhead expenses, such as the cost of space and heating or lighting of the facility in which the records... FOIA request. Such copies can take the form of, among other things, paper copy, microform, audio-visual... operates a program of scholarly research. FOIA Officer means the person designated to process requests for...

  15. Incremental Inductive Learning in a Constructivist Agent

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perotto, Filipo Studzinski; Älvares, Luís Otávio

    The constructivist paradigm in Artificial Intelligence has been definitively inaugurated in the earlier 1990's by Drescher's pioneer work [10]. He faces the challenge of design an alternative model for machine learning, founded in the human cognitive developmental process described by Piaget [x]. His effort has inspired many other researchers.

  16. 40 CFR 63.742 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... commercial or military service in the capacity for which it was designed. Carbon adsorber means one vessel in a series of vessels in a carbon adsorption system that contains carbon and is used to remove gaseous... process that removes permanent coating in small sections at a time and maintains a continuous vacuum...

  17. 40 CFR 63.742 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... commercial or military service in the capacity for which it was designed. Carbon adsorber means one vessel in a series of vessels in a carbon adsorption system that contains carbon and is used to remove gaseous... process that removes permanent coating in small sections at a time and maintains a continuous vacuum...

  18. 40 CFR 63.742 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... commercial or military service in the capacity for which it was designed. Carbon adsorber means one vessel in a series of vessels in a carbon adsorption system that contains carbon and is used to remove gaseous... process that removes permanent coating in small sections at a time and maintains a continuous vacuum...

  19. 49 CFR 1007.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Officer refers to the individual designated to process requests and handle various other matters relating... finger or voice print or a photograph. Statistical Record means a record in a system of records maintained for statistical research or reporting purposes only and not used in whole or in part in making any...

  20. SCHOOL DROPOUTS--A COMMENTARY AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    MILLER, S.M.; AND OTHERS

    RESEARCH ON SCHOOL DROPOUTS IS HANDICAPPED IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS--DEFINITION OF THE DROPOUT POPULATION, INCONSISTENT METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION, INADEQUATE RESEARCH DESIGNS, COMMUNITY VARIATION, VARIATION IN TYPE OF DROPOUT, AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE PROCESS OF DROPPING OUT. DROPOUT GROUPS SHOULD BE CLEARLY DEFINED, AND VARIATION IN THESE GROUPS…

  1. 7 CFR 1421.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... such system; or (3) Other such acceptable evidence of title, as determined by CCC. Wool means the fiber... bundled peanut MALs and LDPs to a DMA. In the absence of a centralized MAL and LDP processing system for... accounting systems. Designated Marketing Association (DMA) means an entity, or a subsidiary thereof, that...

  2. 7 CFR 1421.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... such system; or (3) Other such acceptable evidence of title, as determined by CCC. Wool means the fiber... bundled peanut MALs and LDPs to a DMA. In the absence of a centralized MAL and LDP processing system for... accounting systems. Designated Marketing Association (DMA) means an entity, or a subsidiary thereof, that...

  3. 50 CFR 17.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... a result of the hydrodynamic forces on a water vehicle's hull, sponsons, foils, or other surfaces. A... plane; in the process of coming up on or coming off of plane; or creating an excessive wake. A water... creating an excessive wake; Slow speed (channel exempt) means that the slow-speed designation does not...

  4. 50 CFR 17.102 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... a result of the hydrodynamic forces on a water vehicle's hull, sponsons, foils, or other surfaces. A... plane; in the process of coming up on or coming off of plane; or creating an excessive wake. A water... creating an excessive wake; Slow speed (channel exempt) means that the slow-speed designation does not...

  5. Preparing Contracts and Negotiating with Library Automation Vendors.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Walton, Robert A.

    This continuing education curriculum and related materials are designed to provide library professionals with a general orientation to the issues and process of negotiating and successfully securing an automation contract. The course syllabus includes the following topics: (1) definition and objectives of a contract; (2) why vendors typically have…

  6. Definition and Classification of Assisted Living

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zimmerman, Sheryl; Sloane, Philip D.

    2007-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this article is to discuss the benefits and limitations of, and considerations in, developing a typology of assisted living (AL). Design and Methods: We conducted a review and comparison of nine AL typologies drawn from the literature. Results: Typologies addressed matters related to the structure, process, population, and…

  7. Objective Criteria for the Selection of Software.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Burk, Laurena

    The seven stages in the system development process are discussed in the context of implementing basic arithmetic drill and practice exercises on a computer-based system: (1) feasibility study; (2) requirements definition; (3) alternative specifications; (4) evaluation and selection of an alternative; (5) system design; (6) development and testing;…

  8. Defining Advance Care Planning for Adults: A Consensus Definition from a Multidisciplinary Delphi Panel

    PubMed Central

    Sudore, Rebecca L.; Lum, Hillary D.; You, John J.; Hanson, Laura C.; Meier, Diane E.; Pantilat, Steven Z.; Matlock, Daniel D.; Rietjens, Judith A. C.; Korfage, Ida J.; Ritchie, Christine S.; Kutner, Jean S.; Teno, Joan M.; Thomas, Judy; McMahan, Ryan D.; Heyland, Daren K.

    2017-01-01

    Background Despite increasing interest in advance care planning (ACP) and prior ACP descriptions, a consensus definition does not yet exist to guide clinical, research, and policy initiatives. Objective To develop a consensus definition of ACP for adults. Design Delphi Panel Setting/Participants Participants included a multidisciplinary panel of international ACP experts consisting of 52 clinicians, researchers, and policy leaders from 4 countries, and a patient/surrogate advisory committee. Measurements We conducted 10 rounds of a modified Delphi method and qualitatively analyzed panelists’ input. Panelists identified several themes lacking consensus, and iteratively discussed and developed a final consensus definition. Results Panelists identified several tensions concerning ACP concepts such as whether the definition should focus on conversations vs. written advance directives; patients’ values vs. treatment preferences; current shared decision making vs. future medical decisions; and who should be included in the process. The panel achieved a final consensus one-sentence definition and accompanying goals statement: “Advance care planning is a process that supports adults at any age or stage of health in understanding and sharing their personal values, life goals, and preferences regarding future medical care. The goal of advance care planning is to help ensure that people receive medical care that is consistent with their values, goals and preferences during serious and chronic illness.” The panel also described strategies to best support adults in ACP. Conclusions A multidisciplinary Delphi panel developed a consensus definition for ACP for adults that can be used to inform implementation and measurement of ACP clinical, research, and policy initiatives. PMID:28062339

  9. PEP solar array definition study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1979-01-01

    The conceptual design of a large, flexible, lightweight solar array is presented focusing on a solar array overview assessment, solar array blanket definition, structural-mechanical systems definition, and launch/reentry blanket protection features. The overview assessment includes a requirements and constraints review, the thermal environment assessment on the design selection, an evaluation of blanket integration sequence, a conceptual blanket/harness design, and a hot spot analysis considering the effects of shadowing and cell failures on overall array reliability. The solar array blanket definition includes the substrate design, hinge designs and blanket/harness flexibility assessment. The structural/mechanical systems definition includes an overall loads and deflection assessment, a frequency analysis of the deployed assembly, a components weights estimate, design of the blanket housing and tensioning mechanism. The launch/reentry blanket protection task includes assessment of solar cell/cover glass cushioning concepts during ascent and reentry flight condition.

  10. Implementing Target Value Design.

    PubMed

    Alves, Thais da C L; Lichtig, Will; Rybkowski, Zofia K

    2017-04-01

    An alternative to the traditional way of designing projects is the process of target value design (TVD), which takes different departure points to start the design process. The TVD process starts with the client defining an allowable cost that needs to be met by the design and construction teams. An expected cost in the TVD process is defined through multiple interactions between multiple stakeholders who define wishes and others who define ways of achieving these wishes. Finally, a target cost is defined based on the expected profit the design and construction teams are expecting to make. TVD follows a series of continuous improvement efforts aimed at reaching the desired goals for the project and its associated target value cost. The process takes advantage of rapid cycles of suggestions, analyses, and implementation that starts with the definition of value for the client. In the traditional design process, the goal is to identify user preferences and find solutions that meet the needs of the client's expressed preferences. In the lean design process, the goal is to educate users about their values and advocate for a better facility over the long run; this way owners can help contractors and designers to identify better solutions. This article aims to inform the healthcare community about tools and techniques commonly used during the TVD process and how they can be used to educate and support project participants in developing better solutions to meet their needs now as well as in the future.

  11. Gaining the Competitive Edge: Design for Manufacturing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Batill, Stephen M.; Pinkelman, Jim; Sellar, Richard

    1993-01-01

    The successful design of a commercial aircraft which is intended to be in direct competition with existing aircraft requires a market analysis to establish design requirements, the development of a concept to achieve those goals. and the ability to economically manufacture the aircraft. It is often the case that an engineer designs system components with only the perspective of a particular discipline. The relationship of that component to the entire system is often a minor consideration. In an effort to highlight the interaction that is necessary during the design process, the students were organized into design/build teams and required to integrate aspects of market analysis, engineering design, production and economics into their concepts. In order to facilitate this process a hypothetical "Aeroworld" was established. Having been furnished relevant demographic and economic data for "Aeroworld". students were given the task of designing and building an aircraft for a specific market while achieving an economically competitive design. Involvement of the team in the evolution of the design from market definition to technical development to manufacturing allowed the students to identify critical issues in the design process and to encounter many of the conflicting requirements which arise in an aerospace systems design.

  12. Fracture-related infection: A consensus on definition from an international expert group.

    PubMed

    Metsemakers, W J; Morgenstern, M; McNally, M A; Moriarty, T F; McFadyen, I; Scarborough, M; Athanasou, N A; Ochsner, P E; Kuehl, R; Raschke, M; Borens, O; Xie, Z; Velkes, S; Hungerer, S; Kates, S L; Zalavras, C; Giannoudis, P V; Richards, R G; Verhofstad, M H J

    2018-03-01

    Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a common and serious complication in trauma surgery. Accurately estimating the impact of this complication has been hampered by the lack of a clear definition. The absence of a working definition of FRI renders existing studies difficult to evaluate or compare. In order to address this issue, an expert group comprised of a number of scientific and medical organizations has been convened, with the support of the AO Foundation, in order to develop a consensus definition. The process that led to this proposed definition started with a systematic literature review, which revealed that the majority of randomized controlled trials in fracture care do not use a standardized definition of FRI. In response to this conclusion, an international survey on the need for and key components of a definition of FRI was distributed amongst all registered AOTrauma users. Approximately 90% of the more than 2000 surgeons who responded suggested that a definition of FRI is required. As a final step, a consensus meeting was held with an expert panel. The outcome of this process led to a consensus definition of FRI. Two levels of certainty around diagnostic features were defined. Criteria could be confirmatory (infection definitely present) or suggestive. Four confirmatory criteria were defined: Fistula, sinus or wound breakdown; Purulent drainage from the wound or presence of pus during surgery; Phenotypically indistinguishable pathogens identified by culture from at least two separate deep tissue/implant specimens; Presence of microorganisms in deep tissue taken during an operative intervention, as confirmed by histopathological examination. Furthermore, a list of suggestive criteria was defined. These require further investigations in order to look for confirmatory criteria. In the current paper, an overview is provided of the proposed definition and a rationale for each component and decision. The intention of establishing this definition of FRI was to offer clinicians the opportunity to standardize clinical reports and improve the quality of published literature. It is important to note that the proposed definition was not designed to guide treatment of FRI and should be validated by prospective data collection in the future. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  13. 78 FR 9815 - Final Priorities, Requirements, Definitions, and Selection Criteria-Supporting Effective Educator...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-12

    ... that can demonstrate impact through other methodological approaches such as a quasi-experimental design... definition of ``relevant outcome.'' Lastly, quasi-experimental designs are already included in the definition... paragraph (b) of this definition, provided they are rigorous and comparable across schools. (b) For non...

  14. Applied Integrated Design in Composite UAV Development

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vasić, Zoran; Maksimović, Stevan; Georgijević, Dragutin

    2018-04-01

    This paper presents a modern approach to integrated development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle made of laminated composite materials from conceptual design, through detail design, strength and stiffness analyses, definition and management of design and production data, detailed tests results and other activities related to development of laminated composite structures with main of its particularities in comparison to metal structures. Special attention in this work is focused to management processes of product data during life cycle of an UAV and experimental tests of its composite wing. Experience shows that the automation management processes of product data during life cycle, as well as processes of manufacturing, are inevitable if a company wants to get cheaper and quality composite aircraft structures. One of the most effective ways of successful management of product data today is Product Life cycle Management (PLM). In terms of the PLM, a spectrum of special measures and provisions has to be implemented when defining fiber-reinforced composite material structures in comparison to designing with metals which is elaborated in the paper.

  15. Guidelines of the Design of Electropyrotechnic Firing Circuit for Unmanned Flight and Ground Test Projects

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gonzalez, Guillermo A.; Lucy, Melvin H.; Massie, Jeffrey J.

    2013-01-01

    The NASA Langley Research Center, Engineering Directorate, Electronic System Branch, is responsible for providing pyrotechnic support capabilities to Langley Research Center unmanned flight and ground test projects. These capabilities include device selection, procurement, testing, problem solving, firing system design, fabrication and testing; ground support equipment design, fabrication and testing; checkout procedures and procedure?s training to pyro technicians. This technical memorandum will serve as a guideline for the design, fabrication and testing of electropyrotechnic firing systems. The guidelines will discuss the entire process beginning with requirements definition and ending with development and execution.

  16. Optimal Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms using Subdivision and Commercial FEA (DETC2004-57497)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hull, Patrick V.; Canfield, Stephen

    2004-01-01

    The field of distributed-compliance mechanisms has seen significant work in developing suitable topology optimization tools for their design. These optimal design tools have grown out of the techniques of structural optimization. This paper will build on the previous work in topology optimization and compliant mechanism design by proposing an alternative design space parameterization through control points and adding another step to the process, that of subdivision. The control points allow a specific design to be represented as a solid model during the optimization process. The process of subdivision creates an additional number of control points that help smooth the surface (for example a C(sup 2) continuous surface depending on the method of subdivision chosen) creating a manufacturable design free of some traditional numerical instabilities. Note that these additional control points do not add to the number of design parameters. This alternative parameterization and description as a solid model effectively and completely separates the design variables from the analysis variables during the optimization procedure. The motivation behind this work is to create an automated design tool from task definition to functional prototype created on a CNC or rapid-prototype machine. This paper will describe the proposed compliant mechanism design process and will demonstrate the procedure on several examples common in the literature.

  17. Workflow management systems in radiology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wendler, Thomas; Meetz, Kirsten; Schmidt, Joachim

    1998-07-01

    In a situation of shrinking health care budgets, increasing cost pressure and growing demands to increase the efficiency and the quality of medical services, health care enterprises are forced to optimize or complete re-design their processes. Although information technology is agreed to potentially contribute to cost reduction and efficiency improvement, the real success factors are the re-definition and automation of processes: Business Process Re-engineering and Workflow Management. In this paper we discuss architectures for the use of workflow management systems in radiology. We propose to move forward from information systems in radiology (RIS, PACS) to Radiology Management Systems, in which workflow functionality (process definitions and process automation) is implemented through autonomous workflow management systems (WfMS). In a workflow oriented architecture, an autonomous workflow enactment service communicates with workflow client applications via standardized interfaces. In this paper, we discuss the need for and the benefits of such an approach. The separation of workflow management system and application systems is emphasized, and the consequences that arise for the architecture of workflow oriented information systems. This includes an appropriate workflow terminology, and the definition of standard interfaces for workflow aware application systems. Workflow studies in various institutions have shown that most of the processes in radiology are well structured and suited for a workflow management approach. Numerous commercially available Workflow Management Systems (WfMS) were investigated, and some of them, which are process- oriented and application independent, appear suitable for use in radiology.

  18. Collaborative engineering-design support system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lee, Dong HO; Decker, D. Richard

    1994-01-01

    Designing engineering objects requires many engineers' knowledge from different domains. There needs to be cooperative work among engineering designers to complete a design. Revisions of a design are time consuming, especially if designers work at a distance and with different design description formats. In order to reduce the design cycle, there needs to be a sharable design describing the engineering community, which can be electronically transportable. Design is a process of integrating that is not easy to define definitively. This paper presents Design Script which is a generic engineering design knowledge representation scheme that can be applied in any engineering domain. The Design Script is developed through encapsulation of common design activities and basic design components based on problem decomposition. It is implemented using CLIPS with a Windows NT graphical user interface. The physical relationships between engineering objects and their subparts can be constructed in a hierarchical manner. The same design process is repeatedly applied at each given level of hierarchy and recursively into lower levels of the hierarchy. Each class of the structure can be represented using the Design Script.

  19. Applying the Ottawa Charter to inform health promotion programme design.

    PubMed

    Fry, Denise; Zask, Avigdor

    2017-10-01

    There is evidence of a correlation between adoption of the Ottawa Charter's framework of five action areas and health promotion programme effectiveness, but the Charter's framework has not been as fully implemented as hoped, nor is generally used by formal programme design models. In response, we aimed to translate the Charter's framework into a method to inform programme design. Our resulting design process uses detailed definitions of the Charter's action areas and evidence of predicted effectiveness to prompt greater consideration and use of the Charter's framework. We piloted the process by applying it to the design of four programmes of the Healthy Children's Initiative in New South Wales, Australia; refined the criteria via consensus; and made consensus decisions on the extent to which programme designs reflected the Charter's framework. The design process has broad potential applicability to health promotion programmes; facilitating greater use of the Ottawa Charter framework, which evidence indicates can increase programme effectiveness. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  20. Business Performer-Centered Design of User Interfaces

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sousa, Kênia; Vanderdonckt, Jean

    Business Performer-Centered Design of User Interfaces is a new design methodology that adopts business process (BP) definition and a business performer perspective for managing the life cycle of user interfaces of enterprise systems. In this methodology, when the organization has a business process culture, the business processes of an organization are firstly defined according to a traditional methodology for this kind of artifact. These business processes are then transformed into a series of task models that represent the interactive parts of the business processes that will ultimately lead to interactive systems. When the organization has its enterprise systems, but not yet its business processes modeled, the user interfaces of the systems help derive tasks models, which are then used to derive the business processes. The double linking between a business process and a task model, and between a task model and a user interface model makes it possible to ensure traceability of the artifacts in multiple paths and enables a more active participation of business performers in analyzing the resulting user interfaces. In this paper, we outline how a human-perspective is used tied to a model-driven perspective.

  1. Space construction system analysis. Part 2: Platform definition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hart, R. J.; Myers, H. L.; Abramson, R. D.; Dejong, P. N.; Donavan, R. D.; Greenberg, H. S.; Indrikis, J.; Jandrasi, J. S.; Manoff, M.; Mcbaine, C. K.

    1980-01-01

    The top level system requirements are summarized and the accompanying conceptual design for an engineering and technology verification platform (ETVP) system is presented. An encompassing statement of the system objectives which drive the system requirements is presented and the major mission and subsystem requirements are described with emphasis on the advanced communications technology mission payload. The platform design is defined and used as a reference configuration for an end to space construction analyses. The preferred construction methods and processes, the important interactions between the platform design and the construction system design and operation, and the technology development efforts required to support the design and space construction of the ETVP are outlined.

  2. Earth Observatory Satellite system definition study. Report no. 5: System design and specifications. Part 2: Ground system element specifications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    The Ground System requirements for the Land Resources Management (LRM) type-A and type-B missions of the Earth Observatory Satellite (EOS) program are presented. Specifications for the Thematic Mapper data processing are provided (LRM A mission). The specifications also cover the R and D instruments (Thematic Mapper and High Resolution Pointable Imager) data processing for the LRM type-B mission.

  3. Bio-jETI: a service integration, design, and provisioning platform for orchestrated bioinformatics processes.

    PubMed

    Margaria, Tiziana; Kubczak, Christian; Steffen, Bernhard

    2008-04-25

    With Bio-jETI, we introduce a service platform for interdisciplinary work on biological application domains and illustrate its use in a concrete application concerning statistical data processing in R and xcms for an LC/MS analysis of FAAH gene knockout. Bio-jETI uses the jABC environment for service-oriented modeling and design as a graphical process modeling tool and the jETI service integration technology for remote tool execution. As a service definition and provisioning platform, Bio-jETI has the potential to become a core technology in interdisciplinary service orchestration and technology transfer. Domain experts, like biologists not trained in computer science, directly define complex service orchestrations as process models and use efficient and complex bioinformatics tools in a simple and intuitive way.

  4. [Research advances in secondary development of Chinese patent medicines based on quality by design concept].

    PubMed

    Gong, Xing-Chu; Chen, Teng; Qu, Hai-Bin

    2017-03-01

    Quality by design (QbD) concept is an advanced pharmaceutical quality control concept. The application of QbD concept in the research and development of pharmaceutical processes of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) mainly contains five parts, including the definition of critical processes and their evaluation criteria, the determination of critical process parameters and critical material attributes, the establishment of quantitative models, the development of design space, as well as the application and continuous improvement of control strategy. In this work, recent research advances in QbD concept implementation methods in the secondary development of Chinese patent medicines were reviewed, and five promising fields of the implementation of QbD concept were pointed out, including the research and development of TCM new drugs and Chinese medicine granules for formulation, modeling of pharmaceutical processes, development of control strategy based on industrial big data, strengthening the research of process amplification rules, and the development of new pharmaceutical equipment.. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

  5. Negligible senescence: how will we know it when we see it?

    PubMed

    Heward, Christopher B

    2006-01-01

    The recent public claim that "SENS is a practical, foreseeable approach to curing aging" has stirred considerable controversy among bio-gerontologists. Testing this hypothesis will not only require precise definitions for the somewhat subjective terms "practical," "foreseeable," and "curing," it will require a precise definition of the term "aging." To facilitate proper experimental design, this definition must focus on the nature of aging itself, not its causes or consequences. Aging in mammals is a process that begins early in adult life and continues steadily thereafter until death. It is manifested by a decline in the functional capacity (or, more precisely, reserve capacity) of a variety of vital physiologic systems leading to increasing risk of morbidity and mortality over time. Aging, however, cannot be measured by simply monitoring morbidity and/or mortality. Aging can only be measured by monitoring the decline of global functional capacity itself. This, in turn, will require an operational definition of aging expressed as a rate function (i.e., it will have units expressing aging as an overall rate of functional change per unit time). Widespread acceptance of such global indexes of aging rate in animal models and humans will greatly facilitate research activity specifically designed to increase the understanding of aging mechanisms and antiaging interventions.

  6. Application of a Design Morphology to the MX/OCC Definition of a Fault Detection and Dispatch System.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-09-01

    morphology appears to be effective on an unstructured problem and provides a useful vehicle for clearly defining the functions and tasks that meet the needs...approach used is a structured decision process which was successfully demonstrated in FY 78 on relatively simple mechanical equipment and has now been...including achievement of practical conclusions from the large scale optimization procedures. This design morphology provided a useful vehicle for

  7. SRP engineering and design history, Vol III, 200 F and H Areas

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Banick, C.J.

    2000-04-17

    This volume combines the record of events relating to the development of design for both the 200-F and H Areas. Chronologically, the definition of plant facilities was first established for the 200-F Area. The second area, 200-H, was projected initially to be a supplementary plutonium separations facility. This history explains the differences in character and capacity of the manufacturing facilities in both areas as production requirements and experience with separations processes advanced.

  8. Assessing pine regeneration for the South Central United States

    Treesearch

    William H. McWilliams

    1990-01-01

    Poor regeneration of pine following harvest on nonindustrial timberland has been identified as a major cause for loss of pine forests and slowdown of softwood growth in the Southern United States.Developing a strategy for regeneration assessment requires clear definition of sampling objectives, sampling design, and analytical processes. It is important that...

  9. Cost Finding Principles and Procedures. Preliminary Field Review Edition. Technical Report 26.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ziemer, Gordon; And Others

    This report is part of the Larger Cost Finding Principles Project designed to develop a uniform set of standards, definitions, and alternative procedures that will use accounting and statistical data to find the full cost of resources utilized in the process of producing institutional outputs. This technical report describes preliminary procedures…

  10. The Theoretical Principles of the Organization of Information Systems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kulikowski, Juliusz Lech

    A survey of the theoretical problems connected with the organization and design of systems for processing and transmitting information is presented in this article. It gives a definition of Information Systems (IS) and classifies them from various points of view. It discusses briefly the most important aspects of the organization of IS, such as…

  11. Integrated landscape/hydrologic modeling tool for semiarid watersheds

    Treesearch

    Mariano Hernandez; Scott N. Miller

    2000-01-01

    An integrated hydrologic modeling/watershed assessment tool is being developed to aid in determining the susceptibility of semiarid landscapes to natural and human-induced changes across a range of scales. Watershed processes are by definition spatially distributed and are highly variable through time, and this approach is designed to account for their spatial and...

  12. Developing High-Quality Assessments that Align with Instructional Video Games. CRESST Report 774

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vendlinski, Terry P.; Delacruz, Girlie C.; Buschang, Rebecca E.; Chung, Gregory K. W. K.; Baker, Eva L.

    2010-01-01

    The evaluation of educational interventions requires assessments that consistently (reliably) produce data from which accurate (valid) inferences about the test subjects can be made for some stated purpose. Despite codified definitions of all these terms, there remains vibrant debate about the assessment design process and how measures of…

  13. Analytic Networks in Music Task Definition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Piper, Richard M.

    For a student to acquire the conceptual systems of a discipline, the designer must reflect that structure or analytic network in his curriculum. The four networks identified for music and used in the development of the Southwest Regional Laboratory (SWRL) Music Program are the variable-value, the whole-part, the process-stage, and the class-member…

  14. 45 CFR 205.35 - Mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems; definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... software and hardware used: (1) To introduce, control and account for data items in providing public... undertaken, and the resources required to complete the project; (2) The preparation of an APD; (3) The preparation of a detailed project plan describing when and how the computer system will be designed and...

  15. Development of Lightweight Material Composites to Insulate Cryogenic Tanks for 30-Day Storage in Outer Space

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Krause, D. R.

    1972-01-01

    A conceptual design was developed for an MLI system which will meet the design constraints of an ILRV used for 7- to 30-day missions. The ten tasks are briefly described: (1) material survey and procurement, material property tests, and selection of composites to be considered; (2) definition of environmental parameters and tooling requirements, and thermal and structural design verification test definition; (3) definition of tanks and associated hardware to be used, and definition of MLI concepts to be considered; (4) thermal analyses, including purge, evacuation, and reentry repressurization analyses; (5) structural analyses (6) thermal degradation tests of composite and structural tests of fastener; (7) selection of MLI materials and system; (8) definition of a conceptual MLI system design; (9) evaluation of nondestructive inspection techniques and definition of procedures for repair of damaged areas; and (10) preparation of preliminary specifications.

  16. Established Designs For Advanced Ground Based Astronomical Telescopes In The 1-meter To 4-meter Domain

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hull, Anthony B.; Barentine, J.; Legters, S.

    2012-01-01

    The same technology and analytic approaches that led to cost-effective unmitigated successes for the spaceborne Kepler and WISE telescopes are now being applied to meter-class to 4-meter-class ground telescopes, providing affordable solutions to ground astronomy, with advanced features as needed for the application. The range of optical and mechanical performance standards and features that can be supplied for ground astronomy shall be described. Both classical RC designs, as well as unobscured designs are well represented in the IOS design library, allowing heritage designs for both night time and day time operations, the latter even in the proximity of the sun. In addition to discussing this library of mature features, we will also describe a process for working with astronomers early in the definition process to provide the best-value solution. Solutions can include remote operation and astronomical data acquisition and transmission.

  17. Some trends and proposals for the inclusion of sustainability in the design of manufacturing process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fradinho, J.; Nedelcu, D.; Gabriel-Santos, A.; Gonçalves-Coelho, A.; Mourão, A.

    2015-11-01

    Production processes are designed to meet requirements of three different natures, quality, cost and time. Environmental concerns have expanded the field of conceptual design through the introduction of sustainability requirements that are driven by the growing societal thoughtfulness about environmental issues. One could say that the major concern has been the definition of metrics or indices for sustainability. However, those metrics usually have some lack of consistency. More than ever, there is a need for an all-inclusive view at any level of decision-making, from the establishing of the design requirements to the implementation of the solutions. According to the Axiomatic Design Theory, sustainable designs are usually coupled designs that should be avoided. This raises a concern related to the very nature of sustainability: the cross effects between the actions that should be considered in the attempt to decouple the design solutions. In terms of production, one should clarify the characterization of the sustainability of production systems. The objectives of this paper are: i) to analyse some trends for approaching the sustainability of the production processes; ii) to define sustainability in terms of requirements for the design of the production processes; iii) to make some proposals based on the Axiomatic Design Theory, in order to establish the principles with which the guidelines for designing production processes must comply; iv) to discuss how to introduce this matter in teaching both manufacturing technology and design of production systems.

  18. Pre-PDK block-level PPAC assessment of technology options for sub-7nm high-performance logic

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liebmann, L.; Northrop, G.; Facchini, M.; Riviere Cazaux, L.; Baum, Z.; Nakamoto, N.; Sun, K.; Chanemougame, D.; Han, G.; Gerousis, V.

    2018-03-01

    This paper describes a rigorous yet flexible standard cell place-and-route flow that is used to quantify block-level power, performance, and area trade-offs driven by two unique cell architectures and their associated design rule differences. The two architectures examined in this paper differ primarily in their use of different power-distribution-networks to achieve the desired circuit performance for high-performance logic designs. The paper shows the importance of incorporating block-level routability experiments in the early phases of design-technology co-optimization by reviewing a series of routing trials that explore different aspects of the technology definition. Since the electrical and physical parameters leading to critical process assumptions and design rules are unique to specific integration schemes and design objectives, it is understood that the goal of this work is not to promote one cell-architecture over another, but rather to convey the importance of exploring critical trade-offs long before the process details of the technology node are finalized to a point where a process design kit can be published.

  19. Guiding bioprocess design by microbial ecology.

    PubMed

    Volmer, Jan; Schmid, Andreas; Bühler, Bruno

    2015-06-01

    Industrial bioprocess development is driven by profitability and eco-efficiency. It profits from an early stage definition of process and biocatalyst design objectives. Microbial bioprocess environments can be considered as synthetic technical microbial ecosystems. Natural systems follow Darwinian evolution principles aiming at survival and reproduction. Technical systems objectives are eco-efficiency, productivity, and profitable production. Deciphering technical microbial ecology reveals differences and similarities of natural and technical systems objectives, which are discussed in this review in view of biocatalyst and process design and engineering strategies. Strategies for handling opposing objectives of natural and technical systems and for exploiting and engineering natural properties of microorganisms for technical systems are reviewed based on examples. This illustrates the relevance of considering microbial ecology for bioprocess design and the potential for exploitation by synthetic biology strategies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. We get the algorithms of our ground truths: Designing referential databases in digital image processing

    PubMed Central

    Jaton, Florian

    2017-01-01

    This article documents the practical efforts of a group of scientists designing an image-processing algorithm for saliency detection. By following the actors of this computer science project, the article shows that the problems often considered to be the starting points of computational models are in fact provisional results of time-consuming, collective and highly material processes that engage habits, desires, skills and values. In the project being studied, problematization processes lead to the constitution of referential databases called ‘ground truths’ that enable both the effective shaping of algorithms and the evaluation of their performances. Working as important common touchstones for research communities in image processing, the ground truths are inherited from prior problematization processes and may be imparted to subsequent ones. The ethnographic results of this study suggest two complementary analytical perspectives on algorithms: (1) an ‘axiomatic’ perspective that understands algorithms as sets of instructions designed to solve given problems computationally in the best possible way, and (2) a ‘problem-oriented’ perspective that understands algorithms as sets of instructions designed to computationally retrieve outputs designed and designated during specific problematization processes. If the axiomatic perspective on algorithms puts the emphasis on the numerical transformations of inputs into outputs, the problem-oriented perspective puts the emphasis on the definition of both inputs and outputs. PMID:28950802

  1. Case Definitions for Conditions Identified by Newborn Screening Public Health Surveillance.

    PubMed

    Sontag, Marci K; Sarkar, Deboshree; Comeau, Anne M; Hassell, Kathryn; Botto, Lorenzo D; Parad, Richard; Rose, Susan R; Wintergerst, Kupper A; Smith-Whitley, Kim; Singh, Sikha; Yusuf, Careema; Ojodu, Jelili; Copeland, Sara; Hinton, Cynthia F

    2018-01-01

    Newborn screening (NBS) identifies infants with rare conditions to prevent death or the onset of irreversible morbidities. Conditions on the Health and Human Services Secretary's Recommended Uniform Screening Panel have been adopted by most state NBS programs, providing a consistent approach for identification of affected newborns across the United States. Screen-positive newborns are identified and referred for confirmatory diagnosis and follow-up. The designation of a clinically significant phenotype precursor to a clinical diagnosis may vary between clinical specialists, resulting in diagnostic variation. Determination of disease burden and birth prevalence of the screened conditions by public health tracking is made challenging by these variations. This report describes the development of a core group of new case definitions, along with implications, plans for their use, and links to the definitions that were developed by panels of clinical experts. These definitions have been developed through an iterative process and are piloted in NBS programs. Consensus public health surveillance case definitions for newborn screened disorders will allow for consistent categorization and tracking of short- and long-term follow-up of identified newborns at the local, regional, and national levels.

  2. Case Definitions for Conditions Identified by Newborn Screening Public Health Surveillance

    PubMed Central

    Sontag, Marci K.; Sarkar, Deboshree; Comeau, Anne M.; Hassell, Kathryn; Botto, Lorenzo D.; Parad, Richard; Rose, Susan R.; Wintergerst, Kupper A.; Smith-Whitley, Kim; Singh, Sikha; Yusuf, Careema; Ojodu, Jelili; Copeland, Sara; Hinton, Cynthia F.

    2018-01-01

    Newborn screening (NBS) identifies infants with rare conditions to prevent death or the onset of irreversible morbidities. Conditions on the Health and Human Services Secretary’s Recommended Uniform Screening Panel have been adopted by most state NBS programs, providing a consistent approach for identification of affected newborns across the United States. Screen-positive newborns are identified and referred for confirmatory diagnosis and follow-up. The designation of a clinically significant phenotype precursor to a clinical diagnosis may vary between clinical specialists, resulting in diagnostic variation. Determination of disease burden and birth prevalence of the screened conditions by public health tracking is made challenging by these variations. This report describes the development of a core group of new case definitions, along with implications, plans for their use, and links to the definitions that were developed by panels of clinical experts. These definitions have been developed through an iterative process and are piloted in NBS programs. Consensus public health surveillance case definitions for newborn screened disorders will allow for consistent categorization and tracking of short- and long-term follow-up of identified newborns at the local, regional, and national levels.

  3. A method to select human-system interfaces for nuclear power plants

    DOE PAGES

    Hugo, Jacques Victor; Gertman, David Ira

    2015-10-19

    The new generation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) will likely make use of state-of-the-art technologies in many areas of the plant. The analysis, design, and selection of advanced human–system interfaces (HSIs) constitute an important part of power plant engineering. Designers need to consider the new capabilities afforded by these technologies in the context of current regulations and new operational concepts, which is why they need a more rigorous method by which to plan the introduction of advanced HSIs in NPP work areas. Much of current human factors research stops at the user interface and fails to provide a definitive processmore » for integration of end user devices with instrumentation and control (I&C) and operational concepts. The current lack of a clear definition of HSI technology, including the process for integration, makes characterization and implementation of new and advanced HSIs difficult. This paper describes how new design concepts in the nuclear industry can be analyzed and how HSI technologies associated with new industrial processes might be considered. Furthermore, it also describes a basis for an understanding of human as well as technology characteristics that could be incorporated into a prioritization scheme for technology selection and deployment plans.« less

  4. Ares Launch Vehicles Lean Practices Case Study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Doreswamy, Rajiv; Self, Timothy A.

    2007-01-01

    The Ares launch vehicles team, managed by the Ares Projects Office (APO) at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, has completed the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle System Requirements Review and System Definition Review and early design work for the Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle. This paper provides examples of how Lean Manufacturing, Kaizen events, and Six Sigma practices are helping APO deliver a new space transportation capability on time and within budget, while still meeting stringent technical requirements. For example, Lean philosophies have been applied to numerous process definition efforts and existing process improvement activities, including the Ares I-X test flight Certificate of Flight Readiness (CoFR) process, risk management process, and review board organization and processes. Ares executives learned Lean practices firsthand, making the team "smart buyers" during proposal reviews and instilling the team with a sense of what is meant by "value-added" activities. Since the goal of the APO is to field launch vehicles at a reasonable cost and on an ambitious schedule, adopting Lean philosophies and practices will be crucial to the Ares Project's long-term SUCCESS.

  5. Post-test navigation data analysis techniques for the shuttle ALT

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1975-01-01

    Postflight test analysis data processing techniques for shuttle approach and landing tests (ALT) navigation data are defined. Postfight test processor requirements are described along with operational and design requirements, data input requirements, and software test requirements. The postflight test data processing is described based on the natural test sequence: quick-look analysis, postflight navigation processing, and error isolation processing. Emphasis is placed on the tradeoffs that must remain open and subject to analysis until final definition is achieved in the shuttle data processing system and the overall ALT plan. A development plan for the implementation of the ALT postflight test navigation data processing system is presented. Conclusions are presented.

  6. Jupiter Europa Orbiter Architecture Definition Process

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rasmussen, Robert; Shishko, Robert

    2011-01-01

    The proposed Jupiter Europa Orbiter mission, planned for launch in 2020, is using a new architectural process and framework tool to drive its model-based systems engineering effort. The process focuses on getting the architecture right before writing requirements and developing a point design. A new architecture framework tool provides for the structured entry and retrieval of architecture artifacts based on an emerging architecture meta-model. This paper describes the relationships among these artifacts and how they are used in the systems engineering effort. Some early lessons learned are discussed.

  7. Expanding color design methods for architecture and allied disciplines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Linton, Harold E.

    2002-06-01

    The color design processes of visual artists, architects, designers, and theoreticians included in this presentation reflect the practical role of color in architecture. What the color design professional brings to the architectural design team is an expertise and rich sensibility made up of a broad awareness and a finely tuned visual perception. This includes a knowledge of design and its history, expertise with industrial color materials and their methods of application, an awareness of design context and cultural identity, a background in physiology and psychology as it relates to human welfare, and an ability to problem-solve and respond creatively to design concepts with innovative ideas. The broadening of the definition of the colorists's role in architectural design provides architects, artists and designers with significant opportunities for continued professional and educational development.

  8. Major Design Drivers for LEO Space Surveillance in Europe and Solution Concepts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krag, Holger; Flohrer, Tim; Klinkrad, Heiner

    Europe is preparing for the development of an autonomous system for space situational aware-ness. One important segment of this new system will be dedicated to surveillance and tracking of space objects in Earth orbits. First concept and capability analysis studies have led to a draft system proposal. This proposal foresees, in a first deployment step, a groundbased system consisting of radar sensors and a network of optical telescopes. These sensors will be designed to have the capability of building up and maintaining a catalogue of space objects. A number of related services will be provided, including collision avoidance and the prediction of uncontrolled reentry events. Currently, the user requirements are consolidated, defining the different services, and the related accuracy and timeliness of the derived products. In this consolidation process parameters like the lower diameter limit above which catalogue coverage is to be achieved, the degree of population coverage in various orbital regions and the accuracy of the orbit data maintained in the catalogue are important design drivers for the selection of number and location of the sensors, and the definition of the required sensor performance. Further, the required minimum time for the detection of a manoeuvre, a newly launched object or a fragmentation event, significantly determines the required surveillance performance. In the requirement consolidation process the performance to be specified has to be based on a careful analysis which takes into account accuracy constraints of the services to be provided, the technical feasibility, complexity and costs. User requirements can thus not be defined with-out understanding the consequences they would pose on the system design. This paper will outline the design definition process for the surveillance and tracking segment of the European space situational awareness system. The paper will focus on the low-Earth orbits (LEO). It will present the core user requirements and the definition of the derived services. The de-sired performance parameters will be explained together with presenting their rationale and justification. This will be followed by an identification of the resulting major design drivers. The influence of these drivers on the system design will be analysed, including limiting object diameter, population coverage, orbit maintenance accuracy, and the minimum time to detect events like manoeuvres or breakups. The underlying simulation and verification concept will be explained. Finally, a first compilation of performance parameters for the surveillance and tracking segment will be presented and discussed.

  9. The Design and Analysis of Transposon-Insertion Sequencing Experiments

    PubMed Central

    Chao, Michael C.; Abel, Sören; Davis, Brigid M.; Waldor, Matthew K.

    2016-01-01

    Preface Transposon-insertion sequencing (TIS) is a powerful approach that can be widely applied to genome-wide definition of loci that are required for growth in diverse conditions. However, experimental design choices and stochastic biological processes can heavily influence the results of TIS experiments and affect downstream statistical analysis. Here, we discuss TIS experimental parameters and how these factors relate to the benefits and limitations of the various statistical frameworks that can be applied to computational analysis of TIS data. PMID:26775926

  10. Definition of smolder experiments for Spacelab

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Summerfield, M.; Messina, N. A.; Ingram, L. S.

    1979-01-01

    The feasibility of conducting experiments in space on smoldering combustion was studied to conceptually design specific smoldering experiments to be conducted in the Shuttle/Spacelab System. Design information for identified experiment critical components is provided. The analytical and experimental basis for conducting research on smoldering phenomena in space was established. Physical descriptions of the various competing processes pertaining to smoldering combustion were identified. The need for space research was defined based on limitations of existing knowledge and limitations of ground-based reduced-gravity experimental facilities.

  11. Engine dynamic analysis with general nonlinear finite element codes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Adams, M. L.; Padovan, J.; Fertis, D. G.

    1991-01-01

    A general engine dynamic analysis as a standard design study computational tool is described for the prediction and understanding of complex engine dynamic behavior. Improved definition of engine dynamic response provides valuable information and insights leading to reduced maintenance and overhaul costs on existing engine configurations. Application of advanced engine dynamic simulation methods provides a considerable cost reduction in the development of new engine designs by eliminating some of the trial and error process done with engine hardware development.

  12. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Tools to Support the Human Factors Design Teams

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Null, Cynthia H.; Jackson, Mariea D.; Perry, Trey; Quick, Jason C.; Stokes, Jack W.

    2014-01-01

    The scope of this assessment was to develop a library of basic 1-Gravity (G) human posture and motion elements used to construct complex virtual simulations of ground processing and maintenance tasks for spaceflight vehicles, including launch vehicles, crewed spacecraft, robotic spacecraft, satellites, and other payloads. The report herein describes the task, its purpose, performance, findings, NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) recommendations, and conclusions in the definition and assemblage of the postures and motions database (PMD).

  13. Solving a product safety problem using a recycled high density polyethylene container

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Liu, Ping; Waskom, T. L.

    1993-01-01

    The objectives are to introduce basic problem-solving techniques for product safety including problem identification, definition, solution criteria, test process and design, and data analysis. The students are given a recycled milk jug made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) by blow molding. The objectives are to design and perform proper material test(s) so they can evaluate the product safety if the milk jug is used in a certain way which is specified in the description of the procedure for this investigation.

  14. Unstructured Grids for Sonic Boom Analysis and Design

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Campbell, Richard L.; Nayani, Sudheer N.

    2015-01-01

    An evaluation of two methods for improving the process for generating unstructured CFD grids for sonic boom analysis and design has been conducted. The process involves two steps: the generation of an inner core grid using a conventional unstructured grid generator such as VGRID, followed by the extrusion of a sheared and stretched collar grid through the outer boundary of the core grid. The first method evaluated, known as COB, automatically creates a cylindrical outer boundary definition for use in VGRID that makes the extrusion process more robust. The second method, BG, generates the collar grid by extrusion in a very efficient manner. Parametric studies have been carried out and new options evaluated for each of these codes with the goal of establishing guidelines for best practices for maintaining boom signature accuracy with as small a grid as possible. In addition, a preliminary investigation examining the use of the CDISC design method for reducing sonic boom utilizing these grids was conducted, with initial results confirming the feasibility of a new remote design approach.

  15. A Rapid, Flexible Approach to Conceptual Space Mission Tradespace Definition and Exploration

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Girerd, Andre R.

    2005-01-01

    This paper provides an overview of the Mission Tradespace Tool (MTT), a methodology and software framework developed to improve JPL's early design process by offering a rapid, structured, and inexpensive way to identify feasible design architectures from a wide array of candidate architectures. There has been a growing consensus at JPL that to improve the quality of service offered to design customers it is desirable to explore a wide tradespace of candidate architectures prior to forming a conceptual design baseline. This paper describes the rationale behind the MTT's approach to meet this need. Notable features of the framework are introduced and explained.

  16. Technology-design-manufacturing co-optimization for advanced mobile SoCs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Da; Gan, Chock; Chidambaram, P. R.; Nallapadi, Giri; Zhu, John; Song, S. C.; Xu, Jeff; Yeap, Geoffrey

    2014-03-01

    How to maintain the Moore's Law scaling beyond the 193 immersion resolution limit is the key question semiconductor industry needs to answer in the near future. Process complexity will undoubtfully increase for 14nm node and beyond, which brings both challenges and opportunities for technology development. A vertically integrated design-technologymanufacturing co-optimization flow is desired to better address the complicated issues new process changes bring. In recent years smart mobile wireless devices have been the fastest growing consumer electronics market. Advanced mobile devices such as smartphones are complex systems with the overriding objective of providing the best userexperience value by harnessing all the technology innovations. Most critical system drivers are better system performance/power efficiency, cost effectiveness, and smaller form factors, which, in turns, drive the need of system design and solution with More-than-Moore innovations. Mobile system-on-chips (SoCs) has become the leading driver for semiconductor technology definition and manufacturing. Here we highlight how the co-optimization strategy influenced architecture, device/circuit, process technology and package, in the face of growing process cost/complexity and variability as well as design rule restrictions.

  17. 36 CFR 1220.18 - What definitions apply to the regulations in subchapter B?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... designed to furnish the information necessary to protect the legal and financial rights of the Government... time in the future. Disposition means those actions taken regarding records no longer needed for the... processing of records which need to be preserved for varying periods of time and need not be retained in...

  18. 36 CFR 1220.18 - What definitions apply to the regulations in Subchapter B?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... designed to furnish the information necessary to protect the legal and financial rights of the Government... time in the future. Disposition means those actions taken regarding records no longer needed for the... processing of records which need to be preserved for varying periods of time and need not be retained in...

  19. Cost effective technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Miller, S. C.

    1989-09-01

    With relation to advanced technology for gas turbines, the overall process of product definition and development, concentrating particularly on the integration of activities between engineering design and manufacturing, is surveyed. The development of new philosophies in each of these spheres of activity is concluded to be cost effective technology and to make a highly significant contribution to the competitiveness and profitability of the industry.

  20. Handling Qualities of Large Rotorcraft in Hover and Low Speed

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-03-01

    stability derivative terms (e.g., ). These gravitational and inertial Coriolis effects are accounted for separately in the blocks labeled...dynamic effects and output them as part of its linearization routines. Although the analytical process omitted certain effects to make the definition and... Effect of Pilot Longitudinal Position Offset in ACAH ................................................................ 54 Control System Design

  1. Metrication. A Guide for Consumers. Consumer Research Report No. 2. Third Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Consumer and Corporate Affairs Dept., Ottawa (Ontario).

    Designed to introduce the metric system to consumers, this guide, developed in Canada, offers a brief definition and history of the metric system and rationale for change. The conversion experiences of other countries are described, and questions about learning the new system and problems involved with the conversion process are also considered.…

  2. Reed-Solomon decoder

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lahmeyer, Charles R. (Inventor)

    1987-01-01

    A Reed-Solomon decoder with dedicated hardware for five sequential algorithms was designed with overall pipelining by memory swapping between input, processing and output memories, and internal pipelining through the five algorithms. The code definition used in decoding is specified by a keyword received with each block of data so that a number of different code formats may be decoded by the same hardware.

  3. An Annotated Bibliography of Current Literature Dealing with the Effective Teaching of Computer Programming in High Schools.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Taylor, Karen A.

    This review of the literature and annotated bibliography summarizes the available research relating to teaching programming to high school students. It is noted that, while the process of programming a computer could be broken down into five steps--problem definition, algorithm design, code writing, debugging, and documentation--current research…

  4. Toward Development of a Generalized Instrument to Measure Andragogy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Holton, Elwood F., III; Wilson, Lynda Swanson; Bates, Reid A.

    2009-01-01

    Andragogy has emerged as one of the dominant frameworks for teaching adults during the past 40 years. A major and glaring gap in andragogy research is the lack of a measurement instrument that adequately measures both andragogical principles and process design elements. As a result, no definitive empirical test of the theory has been possible. The…

  5. Definition and fabrication of an airborne scatterometer radar signal processor

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1976-01-01

    A hardware/software system which incorporates a microprocessor design and software for the calculation of normalized radar cross section in real time was developed. Interface is provided to decommutate the NASA ADAS data stream for aircraft parameters used in processing and to provide output in the form of strip chart and pcm compatible data recording.

  6. Information Integration for Concurrent Engineering (IICE) IDEF3 Process Description Capture Method Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-05-01

    methodology, knowledge acquisition, 140 requirements definition, information systems, information engineering, 16. PRICE CODE systems engineering...and knowledge resources. Like manpower, materials, and machines, information and knowledge assets are recognized as vital resources that can be...evolve towards an information -integrated enterprise. These technologies are designed to leverage information and knowledge resources as the key

  7. Bio-jETI: a service integration, design, and provisioning platform for orchestrated bioinformatics processes

    PubMed Central

    Margaria, Tiziana; Kubczak, Christian; Steffen, Bernhard

    2008-01-01

    Background With Bio-jETI, we introduce a service platform for interdisciplinary work on biological application domains and illustrate its use in a concrete application concerning statistical data processing in R and xcms for an LC/MS analysis of FAAH gene knockout. Methods Bio-jETI uses the jABC environment for service-oriented modeling and design as a graphical process modeling tool and the jETI service integration technology for remote tool execution. Conclusions As a service definition and provisioning platform, Bio-jETI has the potential to become a core technology in interdisciplinary service orchestration and technology transfer. Domain experts, like biologists not trained in computer science, directly define complex service orchestrations as process models and use efficient and complex bioinformatics tools in a simple and intuitive way. PMID:18460173

  8. 76 FR 16263 - Revision to Electric Reliability Organization Definition of Bulk Electric System

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-23

    ...'s Reliability Standards Development Process, to revise its definition of the term ``bulk electric... definition of ``bulk electric system'' through the NERC Standards Development Process to address the... undertake the process of revising the bulk electric system definition to address the Commission's concerns...

  9. Marshall Space Flight Center Electromagnetic Compatibility Design and Interference Control (MEDIC) handbook

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Clark, T. L.; McCollum, M. B.; Trout, D. H.; Javor, K.

    1995-06-01

    The purpose of the MEDIC Handbook is to provide practical and helpful information in the design of electrical equipment for electromagnetic compatibility (EMS). Included is the definition of electromagnetic interference (EMI) terms and units as well as an explanation of the basic EMI interactions. An overview of typical NASA EMI test requirements and associated test setups is given. General design techniques to minimize the risk of EMI and EMI suppression techniques at the board and equipment interface levels are presented. The Handbook contains specific EMI test compliance design techniques and retrofit fixes for noncompliant equipment. Also presented are special tests that are useful in the design process or in instances of specification noncompliance.

  10. Lift/cruise fan V/STOL technology aircraft design definition study. Volume 2: Propulsion transmission system design

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Obrien, W. J.

    1976-01-01

    Two types of lift/cruise fan technology aircraft were conceptually designed. One aircraft used turbotip fans pneumatically interconnected to three gas generators, and the other aircraft used variable pitch fans mechanically interconnected to three turboshaft engines. The components of each propulsion transmission system were analyzed and designed to the depth necessary to determine areas of risk, development methods, performance, weights and costs. The types of materials and manufacturing processes were identified to show that the designs followed a low cost approach. The lift/cruise fan thrust vectoring hoods, which are applicable to either aircraft configuration, were also evaluated to assure a low cost/low risk approach.

  11. Reusable Launch Vehicle Tank/Intertank Sizing Trade Study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dorsey, John T.; Myers, David E.; Martin, Carl J.

    2000-01-01

    A tank and intertank sizing tool that includes effects of major design drivers, and which allows parametric studies to be performed, has been developed and calibrated against independent representative results. Although additional design features, such as bulkheads and field joints, are not currently included in the process, the improved level of fidelity has allowed parametric studies to be performed which have resulted in understanding of key tank and intertank design drivers, design sensitivities, and definition of preferred design spaces. The sizing results demonstrated that there were many interactions between the configuration parameters of internal/external payload, vehicle fineness ratio (half body angle), fuel arrangement (LOX-forward/LOX-aft), number of tanks, and tank shape/arrangement (number of lobes).

  12. Marshall Space Flight Center Electromagnetic Compatibility Design and Interference Control (MEDIC) handbook

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clark, T. L.; Mccollum, M. B.; Trout, D. H.; Javor, K.

    1995-01-01

    The purpose of the MEDIC Handbook is to provide practical and helpful information in the design of electrical equipment for electromagnetic compatibility (EMS). Included is the definition of electromagnetic interference (EMI) terms and units as well as an explanation of the basic EMI interactions. An overview of typical NASA EMI test requirements and associated test setups is given. General design techniques to minimize the risk of EMI and EMI suppression techniques at the board and equipment interface levels are presented. The Handbook contains specific EMI test compliance design techniques and retrofit fixes for noncompliant equipment. Also presented are special tests that are useful in the design process or in instances of specification noncompliance.

  13. Natural environment design criteria for the Space Station definition and preliminary design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vaughan, W. W.; Green, C. E.

    1985-03-01

    The natural environment design criteria for the Space Station Program (SSP) definition and preliminary design are presented. Information on the atmospheric, dynamic and thermodynamic environments, meteoroids, radiation, magnetic fields, physical constants, etc. is provided with the intension of enabling all groups involved in the definition and preliminary design studies to proceed with a common and consistent set of natural environment criteria requirements. The space station program elements (SSPE) shall be designed with no operational sensitivity to natural environment conditions during assembly, checkout, stowage, launch, and orbital operations to the maximum degree practical.

  14. Natural environment design criteria for the Space Station definition and preliminary design

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vaughan, W. W.; Green, C. E.

    1985-01-01

    The natural environment design criteria for the Space Station Program (SSP) definition and preliminary design are presented. Information on the atmospheric, dynamic and thermodynamic environments, meteoroids, radiation, magnetic fields, physical constants, etc. is provided with the intension of enabling all groups involved in the definition and preliminary design studies to proceed with a common and consistent set of natural environment criteria requirements. The space station program elements (SSPE) shall be designed with no operational sensitivity to natural environment conditions during assembly, checkout, stowage, launch, and orbital operations to the maximum degree practical.

  15. LAMMR: A new generation satellite microwave radiometer - Its concepts and capabilities. [Large Antenna Multichannel Microwave Radiometer

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Walton, W. T.; Wilheit, T. T.

    1981-01-01

    Definition studies and baseline design are summarized for the proposed, and now discontinued, LAMMR. The instrument is an offset parabolic reflector with Cassegrain feeds. The three-meter aperture reflector, to be constructed using graphite-epoxy technology, rotates continuously at 0.833 rps. The scan drive subsystem includes momentum compensation for the rotating mass which includes the reflector, the support arm and Cassegrain subreflector, feed horns and radiometer. Two total power radiometers are recommended for each frequency, one each for horizontal and vertical polarizations. The selection plan, definition study specifications, LAMMR performance specifications, and predicted accuracies and resolutions after processing are shown.

  16. Critical thinking in nursing: an integrated review.

    PubMed

    Brunt, Barbara A

    2005-01-01

    Critical thinking skills are essential to function in today's complex health care environment and to ensure continuing competence for the future. This article provides a review of various definitions and research studies related to critical thinking. Educators and researchers need to clearly define critical thinking, because there has been wide variation in definitions and descriptions of critical thinking. Research studies have shown inconsistent findings, and many have used a one-group pretest-posttest design over a single course or during the length of a nursing program. Studies have not shown an association between critical thinking and competence; rigorous research studies are needed to understand the process of critical thinking.

  17. TOMS Near Realtime System design document

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Puccinelli, E. F.

    1981-01-01

    The System Design Document for the TOMS (Total Mapping Spectrometer) Near Realtime System provides detailed definition of the system functions and records the system history from a data processing and development point-of-view. The system was designed to produce map products displaying ozone concentrations over the United States as measured by the TOMS flown on the NIMBUS 7 satellite. The maps were produced and delivered to the user within six hours of round receipt of the satellite data for the period March 1, 1981 through May 15, 1981 on a daily basis. Sample system products are shown and data archival locations are listed.

  18. Polymer Waveguide Fabrication Techniques

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ramey, Delvan A.

    1985-01-01

    The ability of integrated optic systems to compete in signal processing aplications with more traditional analog and digital electronic systems is discussed. The Acousto-Optic Spectrum Analyzer is an example which motivated the particular work discussed herein. Provided real time processing is more critical than absolute accuracy, such integrated optic systems fulfill a design need. Fan-out waveguide arrays allow crosstalk in system detector arrays to be controlled without directly limiting system resolution. A polyurethane pattern definition process was developed in order to demonstrate fan-out arrays. This novel process is discussed, along with further research needs. Integrated optic system market penetration would be enhanced by development of commercial processes of this type.

  19. Specializing architectures for the type 2 diabetes mellitus care use cases with a focus on process management.

    PubMed

    Uribe, Gustavo A; Blobel, Bernd; López, Diego M; Ruiz, Alonso A

    2015-01-01

    The development of software supporting inter-disciplinary systems like the type 2 diabetes mellitus care requires the deployment of methodologies designed for this type of interoperability. The GCM framework allows the architectural description of such systems and the development of software solutions based on it. A first step of the GCM methodology is the definition of a generic architecture, followed by its specialization for specific use cases. This paper describes the specialization of the generic architecture of a system, supporting Type 2 diabetes mellitus glycemic control, for a pharmacotherapy use case. It focuses on the behavioral aspect of the system, i.e. the policy domain and the definition of the rules governing the system. The design of this architecture reflects the inter-disciplinary feature of the methodology. Finally, the resulting architecture allows building adaptive, intelligent and complete systems.

  20. 77 FR 36409 - ``Specially Designed'' Definition

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-19

    ... Regulations (ITAR). The term ``specially designed'' is used widely in the Commerce Control List (CCL) and...) controls ``[c]omponents, parts, accessories, attachments and associated equipment specifically designed or... and, in order to avoid a definitional loop, do not use ``specially designed'' as a control criterion...

  1. IPAD project overview

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fulton, R. E.

    1980-01-01

    To respond to national needs for improved productivity in engineering design and manufacturing, a NASA supported joint industry/government project is underway denoted Integrated Programs for Aerospace-Vehicle Design (IPAD). The objective is to improve engineering productivity through better use of computer technology. It focuses on development of technology and associated software for integrated company-wide management of engineering information. The project has been underway since 1976 under the guidance of an Industry Technical Advisory Board (ITAB) composed of representatives of major engineering and computer companies and in close collaboration with the Air Force Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) program. Results to date on the IPAD project include an in-depth documentation of a representative design process for a large engineering project, the definition and design of computer-aided design software needed to support that process, and the release of prototype software to integrate selected design functions. Ongoing work concentrates on development of prototype software to manage engineering information, and initial software is nearing release.

  2. Allergen Challenge Chamber: an innovative solution in allergic rhinitis diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Krzych-Fałta, Edyta; Sowa, Jerzy; Wojas, Oksana; Piekarska, Barbara; Sybilski, Adam; Samoliński, Bolesław

    2015-12-01

    The Allergen Challenge Chamber (ACC) is definitely a serious challenge on the one hand and an innovative solution in allergic rhinitis diagnosis on the other. The gradual validation of the chamber (according to the test protocol) will allow for standardisation, which is a process undertaken by centres worldwide. The process of designing a consistent system that allows for creating conditions as those in the case of natural inhalation took into account all the aspects (technical specification) necessary to ensure appropriate inhalation.

  3. Space Shuttle aerothermodynamic data report, phase C

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1985-01-01

    Space shuttle aerothermodynamic data, collected from a continuing series of wind tunnel tests, are permanently stored with the Data Management Services (DMS) system. Information pertaining to current baseline configuration definition is also stored. Documentation of DMS processed data arranged sequentially and by space shuttle configuration are included. An up-to-date record of all applicable aerothermodynamic data collected, processed, or summarized during the space shuttle program is provided. Tables are designed to provide suvery information to the various space shuttle managerial and technical levels.

  4. Aerothermodynamic Data Base

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1984-01-01

    Space shuttle aerothermodynamic data, collected from a continuing series of wind tunnel tests, are permanently stored with the Data Management Services (DMS) system. Information pertaining to current baseline configuration definition is also stored. A list of documentation of DMS processed data arranged sequentially and by space shuttle configuration is presented. The listing provides an up to date record of all applicable aerothermodynamic data collected, processed, or summarized during the space shuttle program. Tables are designed to provide survey information to the various space shuttle managerial and technical levels.

  5. Zero Gravity Research Facility User's Guide

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thompson, Dennis M.

    1999-01-01

    The Zero Gravity Research Facility (ZGF) is operated by the Space Experiments Division of the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center (GRC) for investigators sponsored by the Microgravity Science and Applications Division of NASA Headquarters. This unique facility has been utilized by scientists and engineers for reduced gravity experimentation since 1966. The ZGF has provided fundamental scientific information, has been used as an important test facility in the space flight hardware design, development, and test process, and has also been a valuable source of data in the flight experiment definition process. The purpose of this document is to provide information and guidance to prospective researchers regarding the design, buildup, and testing of microgravity experiments.

  6. Earth Observatory Satellite system definition study. Report no. 3: Design/cost tradeoff studies. Appendix D: EOS configuration design data. Part 2: Data management system configuration

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    The Earth Observatory Satellite (EOS) data management system (DMS) is discussed. The DMS is composed of several subsystems or system elements which have basic purposes and are connected together so that the DMS can support the EOS program by providing the following: (1) payload data acquisition and recording, (2) data processing and product generation, (3) spacecraft and processing management and control, and (4) data user services. The configuration and purposes of the primary or high-data rate system and the secondary or local user system are explained. Diagrams of the systems are provided to support the systems analysis.

  7. A natural language query system for Hubble Space Telescope proposal selection

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hornick, Thomas; Cohen, William; Miller, Glenn

    1987-01-01

    The proposal selection process for the Hubble Space Telescope is assisted by a robust and easy to use query program (TACOS). The system parses an English subset language sentence regardless of the order of the keyword phases, allowing the user a greater flexibility than a standard command query language. Capabilities for macro and procedure definition are also integrated. The system was designed for flexibility in both use and maintenance. In addition, TACOS can be applied to any knowledge domain that can be expressed in terms of a single reaction. The system was implemented mostly in Common LISP. The TACOS design is described in detail, with particular attention given to the implementation methods of sentence processing.

  8. System Definition of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lundquist, Ray; Aymergen, Cagatay; VanCampen, Julie; Abell, James; Smith, Miles; Driggers, Phillip

    2008-01-01

    The Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides the critical functions and the environment for the four science instruments on JWST. This complex system development across many international organizations presents unique challenges and unique solutions. Here we describe how the requirement flow has been coordinated through the documentation system, how the tools and processes are used to minimize impact to the development of the affected interfaces, how the system design has matured, how the design review process operates, and how the system implementation is managed through reporting to ensure a truly world class scientific instrument compliment is created as the final product.

  9. Custom CAD-CAM healing abutment and impression coping milled from a poly(methyl methacrylate) block and bonded to a titanium insert.

    PubMed

    Proussaefs, Periklis

    2016-11-01

    This article describes a technique in which a custom-made computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) healing abutment milled from a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block is fabricated and bonded to a titanium metal insert. An impression is made during dental implant surgery, and the CAD-CAM custom-made healing abutment is fabricated before second-stage surgery while appropriate healing time is allowed for the dental implant to osseointegrate. The contours of the healing abutment are based on the contours of a tentatively designed definitive prosthesis. The healing tissue obtains contours that will be compatible with the contours of the definitive prosthesis. After the milling process is complete, a titanium metal insert is bonded to the healing abutment. Placement of the custom-made CAD-CAM healing abutment at second-stage surgery allows the tissue to obtain contours similar to those of the definitive prosthesis. A custom-made CAD-CAM impression coping milled from a PMMA block and with a titanium insert is used for the definitive impression after the soft tissue has healed. This technique allows guided soft tissue healing by using a custom-made CAD-CAM healing abutment and impression coping. Copyright © 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. 24 CFR 945.105 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... DESIGNATED HOUSING-PUBLIC HOUSING DESIGNATED FOR OCCUPANCY BY DISABLED, ELDERLY, OR DISABLED AND ELDERLY FAMILIES General § 945.105 Definitions. The terms Department, Elderly person, HUD, NAHA, Public Housing.... Designated family means the category of family for whom the project is designated (e. g., elderly family in a...

  11. Making the Case for a Model-Based Definition of Engineering Materials (Postprint)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-09-12

    MBE relies on digi- tal representations, or a model-based definition (MBD), to define a product throughout design , manufacturing and sus- tainment...discovery through development, scale-up, product design and qualification, manufacture and sustainment have changed little over the past decades. This...testing data provided a certifiable material definition, so as to minimize risk and simplify procurement of materials during the design , manufacture , and

  12. General Definitions of Work and Heat in Thermodynamic Processes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gislason, Eric A.; Craig, Norman C.

    1987-01-01

    Argues that previous definitions of work and heat are inappropriate. Presents new definitions that are formulated using experimental quantities, claiming that they apply equally well to reversible and irreversible processes. Indicates some of the problems with earlier definitions and applies the new definitions to the First Law of thermodynamics.…

  13. Satellite Power Systems (SPS) concept definition study. Volume 4: SPS point design definition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hanley, G.

    1978-01-01

    The satellite power systems point design concept is described. The concept definition includes satellite, ground and space systems, and their relationships. Emphasis is placed on the definition of the GaAlAs photovoltaic satellite system. The major subsystems of the satellite system including power conversion, power distribution and control, microwave, attitude control and stationkeeping, thermal control, structures, and information management and control are discussed.

  14. Vers l'elimination des dessins d'ingenierie des processus de modification d'ingenierie en aeronautique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Quintana, Virgilio

    For many years, 3D models and 2D drawings have been the main basic elements that together form and carry a product's definition throughout its lifecycle. With the advent of the Digital Product Definition trend, the Aerospace and Automotive industries have been very interested in adopting a Model-based Definition (MBD) approach that promises reduced time-to-market and improved product quality. Its main purpose is to improve and accelerate the design, manufacturing and inspection processes by integrating drawing annotations directly onto a 3D model, thereby minimizing the need to generate engineering drawings. Even though CAD tools and international standards support the MBD concept, its implementation throughout the whole product lifecycle has not yet been fully adopted; traditional engineering drawings still play an essential part in the capture and distribution of non-geometric data (tolerances, notes, etc.), in the long-term storage of product definitions, as well as in the management of engineering changes. This is especially so within the Engineering Change Management (ECM) process, which involves the study, review, annotation, validation, approval and release of engineering drawings. The exploration of alternatives to reengineer the ECM process in the absence of drawings is therefore a necessary step before the MBD approach can be broadly accepted. The objective of this research project was to propose a solution to conduct the ECM process in a drawing-less environment and to quantify its potential gains. Two Canadian aerospace companies participated in this project. First, the main barriers to be overcome in order to fully implement the MBD initiative were identified. Our observations were based on forty-one interviews conducted within the Engineering, Drafting, Configuration Management, Airworthiness, Certification, Manufacturing, Inspection and Knowledge Management departments from the two participating companies. The results indicated that there is a need to define how the Product Definition will be carried in this drawing-less environment while supporting all of the downstream users' specific requirements. Next, a solution to conduct an MBD-driven Engineering Change Management Process (ECM) was developed and evaluated based on the process requirements from both companies. The solution consists of the definition of a dataset composed of the MBD model (generated by the CAD system) and a lightweight distribution file (generated and exploited by the visualization application). The ECM process was then reengineered to support its execution when working with MBD datasets. Finally, the gains from administering the MBD-driven ECM process were determined using empirical and experimental data within a discrete-event simulation approach. Based on a case study conducted in a Canadian aerospace company, our results show that a reduction of about 11% can be achieved in both the average overall processing time and in the average cost.

  15. Planetary gear profile modification design based on load sharing modelling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Iglesias, Miguel; Fernández Del Rincón, Alfonso; De-Juan, Ana Magdalena; Garcia, Pablo; Diez, Alberto; Viadero, Fernando

    2015-07-01

    In order to satisfy the increasing demand on high performance planetary transmissions, an important line of research is focused on the understanding of some of the underlying phenomena involved in this mechanical system. Through the development of models capable of reproduce the system behavior, research in this area contributes to improve gear transmission insight, helping developing better maintenance practices and more efficient design processes. A planetary gear model used for the design of profile modifications ratio based on the levelling of the load sharing ratio is presented. The gear profile geometry definition, following a vectorial approach that mimics the real cutting process of gears, is thoroughly described. Teeth undercutting and hypotrochoid definition are implicitly considered, and a procedure for the incorporation of a rounding arc at the tooth tip in order to deal with corner contacts is described. A procedure for the modeling of profile deviations is presented, which can be used for the introduction of both manufacturing errors and designed profile modifications. An easy and flexible implementation of the profile deviation within the planetary model is accomplished based on the geometric overlapping. The contact force calculation and dynamic implementation used in the model are also introduced, and parameters from a real transmission for agricultural applications are presented for the application example. A set of reliefs is designed based on the levelling of the load sharing ratio for the example transmission, and finally some other important dynamic factors of the transmission are analyzed to assess the changes in the dynamic behavior with respect to the non-modified case. Thus, the main innovative aspect of the proposed planetary transmission model is the capacity of providing a simulated load sharing ratio which serves as design variable for the calculation of the tooth profile modifications.

  16. Building Bridge between Learning and Positive Emotion: How to Apply Emotional Factor in Instructional Designing Process?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Park, Sanghoon

    2004-01-01

    For millennia, emotional states have been viewed as avoidable impediments to rational thinking (Ellis & Newton, 2000). Several reasons have been pointed out. The lack of consensus of the definition on emotion that tend to conflict with each other was suggested as a main reason (Price, 1998). Also the difficulty of research methodology such as…

  17. 40 CFR 1037.801 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... resistance tire means a tire on a vocational vehicle with a TRRL at or below of 7.7 kg/metric ton, a steer tire on a tractor with a TRRL at or below 7.7 kg/metric ton, or a drive tire on a tractor with a TRRL at or below 8.1 kg/metric ton. Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing...

  18. Model building techniques for analysis.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Walther, Howard P.; McDaniel, Karen Lynn; Keener, Donald

    2009-09-01

    The practice of mechanical engineering for product development has evolved into a complex activity that requires a team of specialists for success. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has product engineers, mechanical designers, design engineers, manufacturing engineers, mechanical analysts and experimentalists, qualification engineers, and others that contribute through product realization teams to develop new mechanical hardware. The goal of SNL's Design Group is to change product development by enabling design teams to collaborate within a virtual model-based environment whereby analysis is used to guide design decisions. Computer-aided design (CAD) models using PTC's Pro/ENGINEER software tools are heavily relied upon in the productmore » definition stage of parts and assemblies at SNL. The three-dimensional CAD solid model acts as the design solid model that is filled with all of the detailed design definition needed to manufacture the parts. Analysis is an important part of the product development process. The CAD design solid model (DSM) is the foundation for the creation of the analysis solid model (ASM). Creating an ASM from the DSM currently is a time-consuming effort; the turnaround time for results of a design needs to be decreased to have an impact on the overall product development. This effort can be decreased immensely through simple Pro/ENGINEER modeling techniques that summarize to the method features are created in a part model. This document contains recommended modeling techniques that increase the efficiency of the creation of the ASM from the DSM.« less

  19. A system-of-systems modeling methodology for strategic general aviation design decision-making

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Won, Henry Thome

    General aviation has long been studied as a means of providing an on-demand "personal air vehicle" that bypasses the traffic at major commercial hubs. This thesis continues this research through development of a system of systems modeling methodology applicable to the selection of synergistic product concepts, market segments, and business models. From the perspective of the conceptual design engineer, the design and selection of future general aviation aircraft is complicated by the definition of constraints and requirements, and the tradeoffs among performance and cost aspects. Qualitative problem definition methods have been utilized, although their accuracy in determining specific requirement and metric values is uncertain. In industry, customers are surveyed, and business plans are created through a lengthy, iterative process. In recent years, techniques have developed for predicting the characteristics of US travel demand based on travel mode attributes, such as door-to-door time and ticket price. As of yet, these models treat the contributing systems---aircraft manufacturers and service providers---as independently variable assumptions. In this research, a methodology is developed which seeks to build a strategic design decision making environment through the construction of a system of systems model. The demonstrated implementation brings together models of the aircraft and manufacturer, the service provider, and most importantly the travel demand. Thus represented is the behavior of the consumers and the reactive behavior of the suppliers---the manufacturers and transportation service providers---in a common modeling framework. The results indicate an ability to guide the design process---specifically the selection of design requirements---through the optimization of "capability" metrics. Additionally, results indicate the ability to find synergetic solutions, that is solutions in which two systems might collaborate to achieve a better result than acting independently. Implementation of this methodology can afford engineers a more autonomous perspective in the concept exploration process, providing dynamic feedback about a design's potential success in specific market segments. The method also has potential to strengthen the connection between design and business departments, as well as between manufacturers, service providers, and infrastructure planners---bringing information about how the respective systems interact, and what might be done to improve synergism of systems.

  20. Space station data system analysis/architecture study. Task 4: System definition report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1985-01-01

    Functional/performance requirements for the Space Station Data System (SSDS) are analyzed and architectural design concepts are derived and evaluated in terms of their performance and growth potential, technical feasibility and risk, and cost effectiveness. The design concepts discussed are grouped under five major areas: SSDS top-level architecture overview, end-to-end SSDS design and operations perspective, communications assumptions and traffic analysis, onboard SSDS definition, and ground SSDS definition.

  1. Closed Loop Requirements and Analysis Management

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lamoreaux, Michael; Verhoef, Brett

    2015-01-01

    Effective systems engineering involves the use of analysis in the derivation of requirements and verification of designs against those requirements. The initial development of requirements often depends on analysis for the technical definition of specific aspects of a product. Following the allocation of system-level requirements to a product's components, the closure of those requirements often involves analytical approaches to verify that the requirement criteria have been satisfied. Meanwhile, changes that occur in between these two processes need to be managed in order to achieve a closed-loop requirement derivation/verification process. Herein are presented concepts for employing emerging Team center capabilities to jointly manage requirements and analysis data such that analytical techniques are utilized to effectively derive and allocate requirements, analyses are consulted and updated during the change evaluation processes, and analyses are leveraged during the design verification process. Recommendations on concept validation case studies are also discussed.

  2. 7 CFR 868.251 - Definition of brown rice for processing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definition of brown rice for processing. 868.251... REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Brown Rice for Processing Terms Defined § 868.251 Definition of brown rice for processing. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) which...

  3. 7 CFR 868.251 - Definition of brown rice for processing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definition of brown rice for processing. 868.251... REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Brown Rice for Processing Terms Defined § 868.251 Definition of brown rice for processing. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) which...

  4. Vestibular Function Research (VFR) experiment. Phase B: Design definition study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1978-01-01

    The Vestibular Functions Research (VFR) Experiment was established to investigate the neurosensory and related physiological processes believed to be associated with the space flight nausea syndrome and to develop logical means for its prediction, prevention and treatment. The VFR Project consists of ground and spaceflight experimentation using frogs as specimens. The phase B Preliminary Design Study provided for the preliminary design of the experiment hardware, preparation of performance and hardware specification and a Phase C/D development plan, establishment of STS (Space Transportation System) interfaces and mission operations, and the study of a variety of hardware, experiment and mission options. The study consist of three major tasks: (1) mission mode trade-off; (2) conceptual design; and (3) preliminary design.

  5. Gas-Grain Simulation Facility (GGSF). Volume 2: Conceptual design definition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zamel, James M.

    1993-01-01

    This document is Volume 2 of the Final Report for the Phase A Study of the Gas-Grain Simulation Facility (GGSF), and presents the GGSF Conceptual Design. It is a follow-on to the Volume 1 Facility Definition Study, NASA report CR 177606. The development of a conceptual design for a Space Station Freedom (SSF) facility that will be used for investigating particle interactions in varying environments, including various gas mixtures, pressures, and temperatures is delineated. It's not possible to study these experiments on earth due to the long reaction times associated with this type of phenomena, hence the need for extended periods of microgravity. The particle types will vary in composition (solids and liquids), sizes (from submicrons to centimeters), and concentrations (from single particles to 10(exp 10) per cubic centimeter). The results of the experiments pursued in the GGSF will benefit a variety of scientific inquiries. These investigations span such diverse topics as the formation of planets and planetary rings, cloud and haze processes in planetary atmospheres, the composition and structure of astrophysical objects, and the viability of airborne microbes (e.g., in a manned spacecraft).

  6. A Quality Function Deployment Method Applied to Highly Reusable Space Transportation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zapata, Edgar

    2016-01-01

    This paper will describe a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) currently in work the goal of which is to add definition and insight to the development of long term Highly Reusable Space Transportation (HRST). The objective here is twofold. First, to describe the process, the actual QFD experience as applies to the HRST study. Second, to describe the preliminary results of this process, in particular the assessment of possible directions for future pursuit such as promising candidate technologies or approaches that may finally open the space frontier. The iterative and synergistic nature of QFD provides opportunities in the process for the discovery of what is key in so far as it is useful, what is not, and what is merely true. Key observations on the QFD process will be presented. The importance of a customer definition as well as the similarity of the process of developing a technology portfolio to product development will be shown. Also, the relation of identified cost and operating drivers to future space vehicle designs that are robust to an uncertain future will be discussed. The results in particular of this HRST evaluation will be preliminary given the somewhat long term (or perhaps not?) nature of the task being considered.

  7. Dependency, self-criticism and negative affective responses following imaginary rejection and failure threats: meaning-making processes as moderators or mediators.

    PubMed

    Besser, Avi; Priel, Beatriz

    2011-01-01

    This study evaluated the intervening role of meaning-making processes in emotional responses to negative life events based on Blatt's (1974, 2004) formulations concerning the role of personality predispositions in depression. In a pre/post within-subject study design, a community sample of 233 participants reacted to imaginary scenarios of interpersonal rejection and achievement failure. Meaning-making processes relating to threats to self-definition and interpersonal relatedness were examined following the exposure to the scenarios. The results indicated that the personality predisposition of Dependency, but not Self-Criticism predicted higher levels of negative affect following the interpersonal rejection event, independent of baseline levels of negative affect. This effect was mediated by higher levels of negative meaning-making processes related to the effect of the interpersonal rejection scenario on Dependent individuals' senses of interpersonal relatedness and self-worth. In addition, both Self-Criticism and Dependency predicted higher levels of negative affect following the achievement failure event, independent of baseline levels of negative affect. Finally, the effect of Self-Criticism was mediated by higher levels of negative meaning-making processes related to the effect of the achievement failure scenario on self-critical individuals' senses of self-definition.

  8. Testing the Digital Thread in Support of Model-Based Manufacturing and Inspection

    PubMed Central

    Hedberg, Thomas; Lubell, Joshua; Fischer, Lyle; Maggiano, Larry; Feeney, Allison Barnard

    2016-01-01

    A number of manufacturing companies have reported anecdotal evidence describing the benefits of Model-Based Enterprise (MBE). Based on this evidence, major players in industry have embraced a vision to deploy MBE. In our view, the best chance of realizing this vision is the creation of a single “digital thread.” Under MBE, there exists a Model-Based Definition (MBD), created by the Engineering function, that downstream functions reuse to complete Model-Based Manufacturing and Model-Based Inspection activities. The ensemble of data that enables the combination of model-based definition, manufacturing, and inspection defines this digital thread. Such a digital thread would enable real-time design and analysis, collaborative process-flow development, automated artifact creation, and full-process traceability in a seamless real-time collaborative development among project participants. This paper documents the strengths and weaknesses in the current, industry strategies for implementing MBE. It also identifies gaps in the transition and/or exchange of data between various manufacturing processes. Lastly, this paper presents measured results from a study of model-based processes compared to drawing-based processes and provides evidence to support the anecdotal evidence and vision made by industry. PMID:27325911

  9. CMLLite: a design philosophy for CML

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    CMLLite is a collection of definitions and processes which provide strong and flexible validation for a document in Chemical Markup Language (CML). It consists of an updated CML schema (schema3), conventions specifying rules in both human and machine-understandable forms and a validator available both online and offline to check conformance. This article explores the rationale behind the changes which have been made to the schema, explains how conventions interact and how they are designed, formulated, implemented and tested, and gives an overview of the validation service. PMID:21999395

  10. 47 CFR 90.1021 - Definitions concerning competitive bidding process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions concerning competitive bidding process. 90.1021 Section 90.1021 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY... 220 MHz Service § 90.1021 Definitions concerning competitive bidding process. (a) Scope. The...

  11. Optical design and evaluation of a 4 mm cost-effective ultra-high-definition arthroscope.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Dewen; Wang, Yongtian; Yu, Lu; Liu, Xiaohua

    2014-08-01

    High definition and magnification rigid endoscope plays an important role in modern minimally invasive medical surgery and diagnosis. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation methods of a high definition rigid endoscope, specifically an arthroscope, with a large depth of field (DOF). The incident heights and exit angles of the sampled rays on the relay lens are controlled during the optimization process to ensure an effective field view (70°) and a normal ray path within the limited lens diameter of 2.7 mm. The lens is set up as a multi-configuration system with two extreme and one middle object distances to cover a large DOF. As a result, an entrance pupil of 0.3 mm is achieved for the first time, to bring the theoretical resolution to 23.1 lps/mm in the object space at a working distance of 20 mm, with the wavelength of 0.532 um. The modulation transfer function (MTF) curves approach diffraction limit, and the values are all higher than 0.3 at 160 line pairs/mm (lps/mm) in the image space. Meanwhile, stray light caused by total internal reflection on the inner wall of the rod lenses and the objective lens is eliminated. The measured resolution in the object space at a 20 mm working distance is 22.3 lps/mm, and test results show that other performance characteristics also fulfill design requirements. The relay lenses are designed with only one type of the spacer and two types of lenses to greatly reduce the fabrication and assembly cost. The design method has important research and application values for lens systems used in modern minimally invasive medical surgery and industrial non-destructive testing area.

  12. UML activity diagrams in requirements specification of logic controllers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grobelna, Iwona; Grobelny, Michał

    2015-12-01

    Logic controller specification can be prepared using various techniques. One of them is the wide understandable and user-friendly UML language and its activity diagrams. Using formal methods during the design phase increases the assurance that implemented system meets the project requirements. In the approach we use the model checking technique to formally verify a specification against user-defined behavioral requirements. The properties are usually defined as temporal logic formulas. In the paper we propose to use UML activity diagrams in requirements definition and then to formalize them as temporal logic formulas. As a result, UML activity diagrams can be used both for logic controller specification and for requirements definition, what simplifies the specification and verification process.

  13. Automated Extraction of Secondary Flow Features

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dorney, Suzanne M.; Haimes, Robert

    2005-01-01

    The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become standard practice in the design and development of the major components used for air and space propulsion. To aid in the post-processing and analysis phase of CFD many researchers now use automated feature extraction utilities. These tools can be used to detect the existence of such features as shocks, vortex cores and separation and re-attachment lines. The existence of secondary flow is another feature of significant importance to CFD engineers. Although the concept of secondary flow is relatively understood there is no commonly accepted mathematical definition for secondary flow. This paper will present a definition for secondary flow and one approach for automatically detecting and visualizing secondary flow.

  14. Embedded real-time operating system micro kernel design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cheng, Xiao-hui; Li, Ming-qiang; Wang, Xin-zheng

    2005-12-01

    Embedded systems usually require a real-time character. Base on an 8051 microcontroller, an embedded real-time operating system micro kernel is proposed consisting of six parts, including a critical section process, task scheduling, interruption handle, semaphore and message mailbox communication, clock managent and memory managent. Distributed CPU and other resources are among tasks rationally according to the importance and urgency. The design proposed here provides the position, definition, function and principle of micro kernel. The kernel runs on the platform of an ATMEL AT89C51 microcontroller. Simulation results prove that the designed micro kernel is stable and reliable and has quick response while operating in an application system.

  15. Do individual differences in children's curiosity relate to their inquiry-based learning?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    van Schijndel, Tessa J. P.; Jansen, Brenda R. J.; Raijmakers, Maartje E. J.

    2018-06-01

    This study investigates how individual differences in 7- to 9-year-olds' curiosity relate to the inquiry-learning process and outcomes in environments differing in structure. The focus on curiosity as individual differences variable was motivated by the importance of curiosity in science education, and uncertainty being central to both the definition of curiosity and the inquiry-learning environment. Curiosity was assessed with the Underwater Exploration game (Jirout, J., & Klahr, D. (2012). Children's scientific curiosity: In search of an operational definition of an elusive concept. Developmental Review, 32, 125-160. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2012.04.002), and inquiry-based learning with the newly developed Scientific Discovery task, which focuses on the principle of designing informative experiments. Structure of the inquiry-learning environment was manipulated by explaining this principle or not. As intelligence relates to learning and possibly curiosity, it was taken into account. Results showed that children's curiosity was positively related to their knowledge acquisition, but not to their quality of exploration. For low intelligent children, environment structure positively affected their quality of exploration, but not their knowledge acquisition. There was no interaction between curiosity and environment structure. These results support the existence of two distinct inquiry-based learning processes - the designing of experiments, on the one hand, and the reflection on performed experiments, on the other - and link children's curiosity to the latter process.

  16. Identification of emergent off-nominal operational requirements during conceptual architecting of the more electric aircraft

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Armstrong, Michael James

    Increases in power demands and changes in the design practices of overall equipment manufacturers has led to a new paradigm in vehicle systems definition. The development of unique power systems architectures is of increasing importance to overall platform feasibility and must be pursued early in the aircraft design process. Many vehicle systems architecture trades must be conducted concurrent to platform definition. With an increased complexity introduced during conceptual design, accurate predictions of unit level sizing requirements must be made. Architecture specific emergent requirements must be identified which arise due to the complex integrated effect of unit behaviors. Off-nominal operating scenarios present sizing critical requirements to the aircraft vehicle systems. These requirements are architecture specific and emergent. Standard heuristically defined failure mitigation is sufficient for sizing traditional and evolutionary architectures. However, architecture concepts which vary significantly in terms of structure and composition require that unique failure mitigation strategies be defined for accurate estimations of unit level requirements. Identifying of these off-nominal emergent operational requirements require extensions to traditional safety and reliability tools and the systematic identification of optimal performance degradation strategies. Discrete operational constraints posed by traditional Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) are replaced by continuous relationships between function loss and operational hazard. These relationships pose the objective function for hazard minimization. Load shedding optimization is performed for all statistically significant failures by varying the allocation of functional capability throughout the vehicle systems architecture. Expressing hazards, and thereby, reliability requirements as continuous relationships with the magnitude and duration of functional failure requires augmentations to the traditional means for system safety assessment (SSA). The traditional two state and discrete system reliability assessment proves insufficient. Reliability is, therefore, handled in an analog fashion: as a function of magnitude of failure and failure duration. A series of metrics are introduced which characterize system performance in terms of analog hazard probabilities. These include analog and cumulative system and functional risk, hazard correlation, and extensions to the traditional component importance metrics. Continuous FHA, load shedding optimization, and analog SSA constitute the SONOMA process (Systematic Off-Nominal Requirements Analysis). Analog system safety metrics inform both architecture optimization (changes in unit level capability and reliability) and architecture augmentation (changes in architecture structure and composition). This process was applied for two vehicle systems concepts (conventional and 'more-electric') in terms of loss/hazard relationships with varying degrees of fidelity. Application of this process shows that the traditional assumptions regarding the structure of the function loss vs. hazard relationship apply undue design bias to functions and components during exploratory design. This bias is illustrated in terms of inaccurate estimations of the system and function level risk and unit level importance. It was also shown that off-nominal emergent requirements must be defined specific to each architecture concept. Quantitative comparisons of architecture specific off-nominal performance were obtained which provide evidence to the need for accurate definition of load shedding strategies during architecture exploratory design. Formally expressing performance degradation strategies in terms of the minimization of a continuous hazard space enhances the system architects ability to accurately predict sizing critical emergent requirements concurrent to architecture definition. Furthermore, the methods and frameworks generated here provide a structured and flexible means for eliciting these architecture specific requirements during the performance of architecture trades.

  17. Remedial action plan and site design for stabilization of the inactive Uranium Mill Tailing site Maybell, Colorado. Attachment 3, ground water hydrology report, Attachment 4, water resources protection strategy. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1994-06-01

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established health and environmental regulations to correct and prevent ground water contamination resulting from former uranium processing activities at inactive uranium processing sites (40 CFR Part 192 (1993)) (52 FR 36000 (1978)). According to the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) of 1978 (42 USC {section} 7901 et seq.), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for assessing the inactive uranium processing sites. The DOE has decided that each assessment will include information on hydrogeologic site characterization. The water resources protection strategy that describes the proposed action compliance with the EPAmore » ground water protection standards is presented in Attachment 4, Water Resources Protection Strategy. Site characterization activities discussed in this section include the following: (1) Definition of the hydrogeologic characteristics of the environment, including hydrostratigraphy, aquifer parameters, areas of aquifer recharge and discharge, potentiometric surfaces, and ground water velocities. (2) Definition of background ground water quality and comparison with proposed EPA ground water protection standards. (3) Evaluation of the physical and chemical characteristics of the contaminant source and/or residual radioactive materials. (4) Definition of existing ground water contamination by comparison with the EPA ground water protection standards. (5) Description of the geochemical processes that affect the migration of the source contaminants at the processing site. (6) Description of water resource use, including availability, current and future use and value, and alternate water supplies.« less

  18. Computer program to perform cost and weight analysis of transport aircraft. Volume 1: Summary

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1973-01-01

    A digital computer program for evaluating the weight and costs of advanced transport designs was developed. The resultant program, intended for use at the preliminary design level, incorporates both batch mode and interactive graphics run capability. The basis of the weight and cost estimation method developed is a unique way of predicting the physical design of each detail part of a vehicle structure at a time when only configuration concept drawings are available. In addition, the technique relies on methods to predict the precise manufacturing processes and the associated material required to produce each detail part. Weight data are generated in four areas of the program. Overall vehicle system weights are derived on a statistical basis as part of the vehicle sizing process. Theoretical weights, actual weights, and the weight of the raw material to be purchased are derived as part of the structural synthesis and part definition processes based on the computed part geometry.

  19. Gaps Analysis of Integrating Product Design, Manufacturing, and Quality Data in The Supply Chain Using Model-Based Definition.

    PubMed

    Trainer, Asa; Hedberg, Thomas; Feeney, Allison Barnard; Fischer, Kevin; Rosche, Phil

    2016-01-01

    Advances in information technology triggered a digital revolution that holds promise of reduced costs, improved productivity, and higher quality. To ride this wave of innovation, manufacturing enterprises are changing how product definitions are communicated - from paper to models. To achieve industry's vision of the Model-Based Enterprise (MBE), the MBE strategy must include model-based data interoperability from design to manufacturing and quality in the supply chain. The Model-Based Definition (MBD) is created by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools. This information is then shared with the supplier so that they can manufacture and inspect the physical parts. Today, suppliers predominantly use Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) models for these tasks. Traditionally, the OEM has provided design data to the supplier in the form of two-dimensional (2D) drawings, but may also include a three-dimensional (3D)-shape-geometry model, often in a standards-based format such as ISO 10303-203:2011 (STEP AP203). The supplier then creates the respective CAM and CMM models and machine programs to produce and inspect the parts. In the MBE vision for model-based data exchange, the CAD model must include product-and-manufacturing information (PMI) in addition to the shape geometry. Today's CAD tools can generate models with embedded PMI. And, with the emergence of STEP AP242, a standards-based model with embedded PMI can now be shared downstream. The on-going research detailed in this paper seeks to investigate three concepts. First, that the ability to utilize a STEP AP242 model with embedded PMI for CAD-to-CAM and CAD-to-CMM data exchange is possible and valuable to the overall goal of a more efficient process. Second, the research identifies gaps in tools, standards, and processes that inhibit industry's ability to cost-effectively achieve model-based-data interoperability in the pursuit of the MBE vision. Finally, it also seeks to explore the interaction between CAD and CMM processes and determine if the concept of feedback from CAM and CMM back to CAD is feasible. The main goal of our study is to test the hypothesis that model-based-data interoperability from CAD-to-CAM and CAD-to-CMM is feasible through standards-based integration. This paper presents several barriers to model-based-data interoperability. Overall, the project team demonstrated the exchange of product definition data between CAD, CAM, and CMM systems using standards-based methods. While gaps in standards coverage were identified, the gaps should not stop industry's progress toward MBE. The results of our study provide evidence in support of an open-standards method to model-based-data interoperability, which would provide maximum value and impact to industry.

  20. 23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

  1. 23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

  2. 23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

  3. 23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

  4. 23 CFR 172.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., design, engineering, surveying, mapping, or architectural related services with respect to a construction... DESIGN RELATED SERVICE CONTRACTS § 172.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Audit means a review to test... individual or firm providing engineering and design related services as a party to the contract. Contracting...

  5. Compiler writing system detail design specification. Volume 2: Component specification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Arthur, W. J.

    1974-01-01

    The logic modules and data structures composing the Meta-translator module are desribed. This module is responsible for the actual generation of the executable language compiler as a function of the input Meta-language. Machine definitions are also processed and are placed as encoded data on the compiler library data file. The transformation of intermediate language in target language object text is described.

  6. Design Considerations for Remotely Operated Welding in Space: Task Definition and Visual Weld Monitoring Experiment

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-05-01

    processes [48] ................ 91 Figure 4.14 Energy effectiveness comparison between EBW, GMAW , and PAW [48...1 10 Figure 5.2 The spectrum of control modes [76] ................. 112 Figure 5.3 Levels of control for GMAW [26...vehicular activity FTS Flight Telerobotic Servicer GMAW Gas metal arc welding GTAW Gas tungsten arc welding LEO Low-earth orbit NDT Non-destructive test

  7. National Reading Tests in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden: A Comparison of Construct Definitions, Cognitive Targets, and Response Formats

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tengberg, Michael

    2017-01-01

    Reading comprehension tests are often assumed to measure the same, or at least similar, constructs. Yet, reading is not a single but a multidimensional form of processing, which means that variations in terms of reading material and item design may emphasize one aspect of the construct at the cost of another. The educational systems in Denmark,…

  8. Concepts for on-board satellite image registration. Volume 2: IAS prototype performance evaluation standard definition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Daluge, D. R.; Ruedger, W. H.

    1981-06-01

    Problems encountered in testing onboard signal processing hardware designed to achieve radiometric and geometric correction of satellite imaging data are considered. These include obtaining representative image and ancillary data for simulation and the transfer and storage of a large quantity of image data at very high speed. The high resolution, high speed preprocessing of LANDSAT-D imagery is considered.

  9. Facilitator's Guide to Staff Training for the Rural America Series. Module VIII: Placement. Research and Development Series No. 149I.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Altschuld, James W.; And Others

    The eighth module of the Rural America staff training series is designed to help individuals gain a better understanding of the placement process. The module begins with a brief introduction to placement in terms of definitions and the current status of placement in the participants' schools, addressing questions of who provides leadership for…

  10. Satellite Power Systems (SPS) concept definition study, exhibit C. Volume 7: System/subsystem requirements data book

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hanley, G. M.

    1979-01-01

    Volume 7 of the Satellite Power Systems (SPS) Concept Definition Study final report summarizes the basic requirements used as a guide to systems analysis and is a basis for the selection of candidate SPS point design(s). Initially, these collected data reflected the level of definition resulting from the evaluation of a broad spectrum of SPS concepts. As the various concepts matured these requirements were updated to reflect the requirements identified for the projected satellite system/subsystem point design(s). The identified subsystem/systems requirements are defined, and where appropriate, recommendations for alternate approaches which may represent improved design features are presented. A more detailed discussion of the selected point design(s) will be found in Volume 2 of this report.

  11. Crew interface specification development study for in-flight maintenance and stowage functions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carl, J. G.

    1971-01-01

    The need and potential solutions for an orderly systems engineering approach to the definition, management and documentation requirements for in-flight maintenance, assembly, servicing, and stowage process activities of the flight crews of future spacecraft were investigated. These processes were analyzed and described using a new technique (mass/function flow diagramming), developed during the study, to give visibility to crew functions and supporting requirements, including data products. This technique is usable by NASA for specification baselines and can assist the designer in identifying both upper and lower level requirements associated with these processes. These diagrams provide increased visibility into the relationships between functions and related equipments being utilized and managed and can serve as a common communicating vehicle between the designer, program management, and the operational planner. The information and data product requirements to support the above processes were identified along with optimum formats and contents of these products. The resulting data product concepts are presented to support these in-flight maintenance and stowage processes.

  12. A Study of Technical Engineering Peer Reviews at NASA

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Chao, Lawrence P.; Tumer, Irem Y.; Bell, David G.

    2003-01-01

    This report describes the state of practices of design reviews at NASA and research into what can be done to improve peer review practices. There are many types of reviews at NASA: required and not, formalized and informal, programmatic and technical. Standing project formal reviews such as the Preliminary Design Review and Critical Design Review are a required part of every project and mission development. However, the technical, engineering peer reviews that support teams' work on such projects are informal, some times ad hoc, and inconsistent across the organization. The goal of this work is to identify best practices and lessons learned from NASA's experience, supported by academic research and methodologies to ultimately improve the process. This research has determined that the organization, composition, scope, and approach of the reviews impact their success. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) can identify key areas of concern before or in the reviews. Product definition tools like the Project Priority Matrix, engineering-focused Customer Value Chain Analysis (CVCA), and project or system-based Quality Function Deployment (QFD) help prioritize resources in reviews. The use of information technology and structured design methodologies can strengthen the engineering peer review process to help NASA work towards error-proofing the design process.

  13. Life sciences payload definition and integration study, task C and D. Volume 2: Payload definition, integration, and planning studies

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1973-01-01

    The Life Sciences Payload Definition and Integration Study was composed of four major tasks. Tasks A and B, the laboratory definition phase, were the subject of prior NASA study. The laboratory definition phase included the establishment of research functions, equipment definitions, and conceptual baseline laboratory designs. These baseline laboratories were designated as Maxi-Nom, Mini-30, and Mini-7. The outputs of Tasks A and B were used by the NASA Life Sciences Payload Integration Team to establish guidelines for Tasks C and D, the laboratory integration phase of the study. A brief review of Tasks A and B is presented provide background continuity. The tasks C and D effort is the subject of this report. The Task C effort stressed the integration of the NASA selected laboratory designs with the shuttle sortie module. The Task D effort updated and developed costs that could be used by NASA for preliminary program planning.

  14. Process and system - A dual definition, revisited with consequences in metrology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ruhm, K. H.

    2010-07-01

    Lets assert that metrology life could be easier scientifically as well as technologically, if we, intentionally, would make an explicit distinction between two outstanding domains, namely the given, really existent domain of processes and the just virtually existent domain of systems, the latter of which is designed and used by the human mind. The abstract domain of models, by which we map the manifold reality of processes, is itself part of the domain of systems. Models support comprehension and communication, although they are normally extreme simplifications of properties and behaviour of a concrete reality. So, systems and signals represent processes and quantities, which are described by means of Signal and System Theory as well as by Stochastics and Statistics. The following presentation of this new, demanding and somehow irritating definition of the terms process and system as a dual pair is unusual indeed, but it opens the door widely to a better and more consistent discussion and understanding of manifold scientific tools in many areas. Metrology [4] is one of the important fields of concern due to many reasons: One group of the soft and hard links between the domain of processes and the domain of systems is realised by concepts of measurement science on the one hand and by instrumental tools of measurement technology on the other hand.

  15. Natural environment design criteria for the space station program definition phase

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vaughan, W. W.

    1984-01-01

    The natural environment design criteria requirements for use in the Space Station and its Elements (SSPE) definition phase studies are presented. The atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic environments, meteoroids, radiation, physical constants are addressed. It is intended to enable all groups involved in the definition phase studies to proceed with a common and consistent set of natural environment criteria requirements.

  16. Manufacturability: from design to SPC limits through "corner-lot" characterization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hogan, Timothy J.; Baker, James C.; Wesneski, Lisa; Black, Robert S.; Rothenbury, Dave

    2004-12-01

    Texas Instruments" Digital Micro-mirror Device, is used in a wide variety of optical display applications ranging from fixed and portable projectors to high-definition television (HDTV) to digital cinema projection systems. A new DMD pixel architecture, called "FTP", was designed and qualified by Texas Instruments DLPTMTM Group in 2003 to meet increased performance objectives for brightness and contrast ratio. Coordination between design, test and fabrication groups was required to balance pixel performance requirements and manufacturing capability. "Corner Lot" designed experiments (DOE) were used to verify "fabrication space" available for the pixel design. The corner lot technique allows confirmation of manufacturability projections early in the design/qualification cycle. Through careful design and analysis of the corner-lot DOE, a balance of critical dimension (cd) "budgets" is possible so that specification and process control limits can be established that meet both customer and factory requirements. The application of corner-lot DOE is illustrated in a case history of the DMD "FTP" pixel. The process for balancing test parameter requirements with multiple critical dimension budgets is shown. MEMS/MOEMS device design and fabrication can use similar techniques to achieve agressive design-to-qualification goals.

  17. Manufacturability: from design to SPC limits through "corner-lot" characterization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hogan, Timothy J.; Baker, James C.; Wesneski, Lisa; Black, Robert S.; Rothenbury, Dave

    2005-01-01

    Texas Instruments" Digital Micro-mirror Device, is used in a wide variety of optical display applications ranging from fixed and portable projectors to high-definition television (HDTV) to digital cinema projection systems. A new DMD pixel architecture, called "FTP", was designed and qualified by Texas Instruments DLPTMTM Group in 2003 to meet increased performance objectives for brightness and contrast ratio. Coordination between design, test and fabrication groups was required to balance pixel performance requirements and manufacturing capability. "Corner Lot" designed experiments (DOE) were used to verify "fabrication space" available for the pixel design. The corner lot technique allows confirmation of manufacturability projections early in the design/qualification cycle. Through careful design and analysis of the corner-lot DOE, a balance of critical dimension (cd) "budgets" is possible so that specification and process control limits can be established that meet both customer and factory requirements. The application of corner-lot DOE is illustrated in a case history of the DMD "FTP" pixel. The process for balancing test parameter requirements with multiple critical dimension budgets is shown. MEMS/MOEMS device design and fabrication can use similar techniques to achieve agressive design-to-qualification goals.

  18. Application of quality by design principles to the development and technology transfer of a major process improvement for the manufacture of a recombinant protein.

    PubMed

    Looby, Mairead; Ibarra, Neysi; Pierce, James J; Buckley, Kevin; O'Donovan, Eimear; Heenan, Mary; Moran, Enda; Farid, Suzanne S; Baganz, Frank

    2011-01-01

    This study describes the application of quality by design (QbD) principles to the development and implementation of a major manufacturing process improvement for a commercially distributed therapeutic protein produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture. The intent of this article is to focus on QbD concepts, and provide guidance and understanding on how the various components combine together to deliver a robust process in keeping with the principles of QbD. A fed-batch production culture and a virus inactivation step are described as representative examples of upstream and downstream unit operations that were characterized. A systematic approach incorporating QbD principles was applied to both unit operations, involving risk assessment of potential process failure points, small-scale model qualification, design and execution of experiments, definition of operating parameter ranges and process validation acceptance criteria followed by manufacturing-scale implementation and process validation. Statistical experimental designs were applied to the execution of process characterization studies evaluating the impact of operating parameters on product quality attributes and process performance parameters. Data from process characterization experiments were used to define the proven acceptable range and classification of operating parameters for each unit operation. Analysis of variance and Monte Carlo simulation methods were used to assess the appropriateness of process design spaces. Successful implementation and validation of the process in the manufacturing facility and the subsequent manufacture of hundreds of batches of this therapeutic protein verifies the approaches taken as a suitable model for the development, scale-up and operation of any biopharmaceutical manufacturing process. Copyright © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).

  19. Space Station Furnace Facility Core. Requirements definition and conceptual design study. Volume 2: Technical report. Appendix 6: Technical summary reports

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1992-01-01

    The Space Station Furnace Facility (SSFF) is a modular facility for materials research in the microgravity environment of the Space Station Freedom (SSF). The SSFF is designed for crystal growth and solidification research in the fields of electronic and photonic materials, metals and alloys, and glasses and ceramics and will allow for experimental determination of the role of gravitational forces in the solidification process. The facility will provide a capability for basic scientific research and will evaluate the commercial viability of low-gravity processing of selected technologically important materials. The facility is designed to support a complement of furnace modules as outlined in the Science Capabilities Requirements Document (SCRD). The SSFF is a three rack facility that provides the functions, interfaces, and equipment necessary for the processing of the furnaces and consists of two main parts: the SSFF Core Rack and the two Experiment Racks. The facility is designed to accommodate two experimenter-provided furnace modules housed within the two experiment racks, and is designed to operate these two furnace modules simultaneously. The SCRD specifies a wide range of furnace requirements and serves as the basis for the SSFF conceptual design. SSFF will support automated processing during the man-tended operations and is also designed for crew interface during the permanently manned configuration. The facility is modular in design and facilitates changes as required, so the SSFF is adept to modifications, maintenance, reconfiguration, and technology evolution.

  20. Integration of Engine, Plume, and CFD Analyses in Conceptual Design of Low-Boom Supersonic Aircraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Li, Wu; Campbell, Richard; Geiselhart, Karl; Shields, Elwood; Nayani, Sudheer; Shenoy, Rajiv

    2009-01-01

    This paper documents an integration of engine, plume, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses in the conceptual design of low-boom supersonic aircraft, using a variable fidelity approach. In particular, the Numerical Propulsion Simulation System (NPSS) is used for propulsion system cycle analysis and nacelle outer mold line definition, and a low-fidelity plume model is developed for plume shape prediction based on NPSS engine data and nacelle geometry. This model provides a capability for the conceptual design of low-boom supersonic aircraft that accounts for plume effects. Then a newly developed process for automated CFD analysis is presented for CFD-based plume and boom analyses of the conceptual geometry. Five test cases are used to demonstrate the integrated engine, plume, and CFD analysis process based on a variable fidelity approach, as well as the feasibility of the automated CFD plume and boom analysis capability.

  1. An integrative discourse perspective on positive leadership in public health care.

    PubMed

    Pietiläinen, Ville; Salmi, Ilkka

    2017-02-06

    Purpose This study aims to take a discursive view on positive leadership (PL). A positive approach has gained momentum in recent years as appropriate leadership practices are implemented in organizations. Despite the turn toward discursive approaches in organization studies, there is insufficient evidence supporting PL as a socially constructed experience. Design/methodology/approach The present study addresses an integrative discourse perspective for capturing the PL concept as a social process within the public health-care context. Findings Four meanings of PL are highlighted: role-taking, servicing, balancing and deciphering. Research limitations/implications The meanings shift the emphasis of certain PL definitions to a contextual interpretation. For scholars, the perspective demonstrates a multidimensional process approach in the desired organizational context as a counterbalance to one unanimously agreed-upon PL definition. Practical implications For leaders, an integrative discourse perspective offers tools for comprehending PL as a process: how to identify, negotiate and reconcile various PL meanings. Originality/value An integrative discourse perspective provides a novel perspective capturing the PL concept within the public health-care field.

  2. Earth Observatory Satellite system definition study. Report 5: System design and specifications. Volume 6: Specification for EOS Central Data Processing Facility (CDPF)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    The specifications and functions of the Central Data Processing (CDPF) Facility which supports the Earth Observatory Satellite (EOS) are discussed. The CDPF will receive the EOS sensor data and spacecraft data through the Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN) and the Operations Control Center (OCC). The CDPF will process the data and produce high density digital tapes, computer compatible tapes, film and paper print images, and other data products. The specific aspects of data inputs and data processing are identified. A block diagram of the CDPF to show the data flow and interfaces of the subsystems is provided.

  3. ExpertEyes: open-source, high-definition eyetracking.

    PubMed

    Parada, Francisco J; Wyatte, Dean; Yu, Chen; Akavipat, Ruj; Emerick, Brandi; Busey, Thomas

    2015-03-01

    ExpertEyes is a low-cost, open-source package of hardware and software that is designed to provide portable high-definition eyetracking. The project involves several technological innovations, including portability, high-definition video recording, and multiplatform software support. It was designed for challenging recording environments, and all processing is done offline to allow for optimization of parameter estimation. The pupil and corneal reflection are estimated using a novel forward eye model that simultaneously fits both the pupil and the corneal reflection with full ellipses, addressing a common situation in which the corneal reflection sits at the edge of the pupil and therefore breaks the contour of the ellipse. The accuracy and precision of the system are comparable to or better than what is available in commercial eyetracking systems, with a typical accuracy of less than 0.4° and best accuracy below 0.3°, and with a typical precision (SD method) around 0.3° and best precision below 0.2°. Part of the success of the system comes from a high-resolution eye image. The high image quality results from uncasing common digital camcorders and recording directly to SD cards, which avoids the limitations of the analog NTSC format. The software is freely downloadable, and complete hardware plans are available, along with sources for custom parts.

  4. Mine wastes and human health

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Morman, Suzette A.

    2011-01-01

    Historical mining and mineral processing have been linked definitively to health problems resulting from occupational and environmental exposures to mine wastes. Modern mining and processing methods, when properly designed and implemented, prevent or greatly reduce potential environmental health impacts. However, particularly in developing countries, there are examples of health problems linked to recent mining. In other cases, recent mining has been blamed for health problems but no clear links have been found. The types and abundances of potential toxicants in mine wastes are predictably influenced by the geologic characteristics of the deposit being mined. Hence, Earth scientists can help understand, anticipate, and mitigate potential health issues associated with mining and mineral processing.

  5. The TMIS life-cycle process document, revision A

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1991-01-01

    The Technical and Management Information System (TMIS) Life-Cycle Process Document describes the processes that shall be followed in the definition, design, development, test, deployment, and operation of all TMIS products and data base applications. This document is a roll out of TMIS Standards Document (SSP 30546). The purpose of this document is to define the life cycle methodology that the developers of all products and data base applications and any subsequent modifications shall follow. Included in this methodology are descriptions of the tasks, deliverables, reviews, and approvals that are required before a product or data base application is accepted in the TMIS environment.

  6. The metabolic syndrome: validity and utility of clinical definitions for cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk prediction.

    PubMed

    Cameron, Adrian

    2010-02-01

    The purpose of clinical definitions of the metabolic syndrome is frequently misunderstood. While the metabolic syndrome as a physiological process describes a clustering of numerous age-related metabolic abnormalities that together increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, clinical definitions include obesity which is thought to be a cause rather than a consequence of metabolic disturbance, and several elements that are routinely measured in clinical practice, including high blood pressure, high blood glucose and dyslipidaemia. Obesity is frequently a central player in the development of the metabolic syndrome and should be considered a key component of clinical definitions. Previous clinical definitions have differed in the priority given to obesity. Perhaps more importantly than its role in a clinical definition, however, is obesity in isolation before the hallmarks of metabolic dysfunction that typify the syndrome have developed. This should be treated seriously as an opportunity to prevent the consequences of the global diabetes epidemic now apparent. Clinical definitions were designed to identify a population at high lifetime CVD and type 2 diabetes risk, but in the absence of several major risk factors for each condition, are not optimal risk prediction devices for either. Despite this, the metabolic syndrome has several properties that make it a useful construct, in conjunction with short-term risk prediction algorithms and sound clinical judgement, for the identification of those at high lifetime risk of CVD and diabetes. A recently published consensus definition provides some much needed clarity about what a clinical definition entails. Even this, however, remains a work in progress until more evidence becomes available, particularly in the area of ethnicity-specific waist cut-points. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Revised definitions of women's sexual dysfunction.

    PubMed

    Basson, Rosemary; Leiblum, Sandra; Brotto, Lori; Derogatis, Leonard; Fourcroy, Jean; Fugl-Meyer, Kerstin; Graziottin, Alessandra; Heiman, Julia R; Laan, Ellen; Meston, Cindy; Schover, Leslie; van Lankveld, Jacques; Schultz, Willibrord Weijmar

    2004-07-01

    Existing definitions of women's sexual disorders are based mainly on genitally focused events in a linear sequence model (desire, arousal and orgasm). To revise definitions based on an alternative model reflecting women's reasons/incentives for sexual activity beyond any initial awareness of sexual desire. An International Definitions Committee of 13 experts from seven countries repeatedly communicated, proposed new definitions and presented at the 2nd International Consultation on Sexual Medicine in Paris July 2003. Expert opinions/recommendations are based on a process that involved review of evidence-based medical literature, extensive internal committee discussion, informal testing and re-testing of drafted definitions in various clinical settings, public presentation and deliberation. Women have many reasons/incentives for sexual activity. Desire may be experienced once sexual stimuli have triggered arousal. Arousal and desire co-occur and reinforce each other. Women's subjective arousal may be minimally influenced by genital congestion. An absence of desire any time during the sexual experience designates disorder. Arousal disorder subtypes are proposed that separate an absence of subjective arousal from all types of sexual stimulation, from an absence of subjective arousal when the only stimulus is genital. A new arousal disorder has provisionally been suggested, namely that of persistent genital arousal. Orgasm disorder is limited to absence of orgasm despite high subjective arousal. Dyspareunia includes partial painful vaginal entry attempts as well as pain with intercourse. Variable reflex muscle tightening around the vagina and an absence of abnormal physical findings are noted in the definition of vaginismus. Women's sexuality is highly contextual and descriptors are recommended re past psychosexual development, current context, as well as medical status. Diagnosing sexual disorders need not imply intrinsic dysfunction of the woman's own sex response system. The International Definitions Committee has recommended a number of fundamental changes to the existing definitions of women's sexual disorders.

  8. Early Impacts of a Human-in-the-Loop Evaluation in a Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Byrne, Vicky; Vos, Gordon; Whitmore, Mihriban

    2008-01-01

    The development of a new space vehicle, the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), provides Human Factors engineers an excellent opportunity to have an impact early in the design process. This case study highlights a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) evaluation conducted in a Space Vehicle Mock-Up Facility and will describe the human-centered approach and how the findings are impacting design and operational concepts early in space vehicle design. The focus of this HITL evaluation centered on the activities that astronaut crewmembers would be expected to perform within the functional internal volume of the Crew Module (CM) of the space vehicle. The primary objective was to determine if there are aspects of a baseline vehicle configuration that would limit or prevent the performance of dynamically volume-driving activities (e.g. six crewmembers donning their suits in an evacuation scenario). A second objective was to step through concepts of operations for known systems and evaluate them in integrated scenarios. The functional volume for crewmember activities is closely tied to every aspect of system design (e.g. avionics, safety, stowage, seats, suits, and structural support placement). As this evaluation took place before the Preliminary Design Review of the space vehicle with some designs very early in the development, it was not meant to determine definitely that the crewmembers could complete every activity, but rather to provide inputs that could improve developing designs and concepts of operations definition refinement.

  9. Orbital transfer vehicle concept definition and system analysis study. Volume 2: OTV concept definition and evaluation. Book 1: Mission and system requirements

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kofal, Allen E.

    1987-01-01

    The mission and system requirements for the concept definition and system analysis of the Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV) are established. The requirements set forth constitute the single authority for the selection, evaluation, and optimization of the technical performance and design of the OTV. This requirements document forms the basis for the Ground and Space Based OTV concept definition analyses and establishes the physical, functional, performance and design relationships to STS, Space Station, Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV), and payloads.

  10. Innovative vitrification for soil remediation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jetta, N.W.; Patten, J.S.; Hart, J.G.

    1995-12-01

    The objective of this DOE demonstration program is to validate the performance and operation of the Vortec Cyclone Melting System (CMS{trademark}) for the processing of LLW contaminated soils found at DOE sites. This DOE vitrification demonstration project has successfully progressed through the first two phases. Phase 1 consisted of pilot scale testing with surrogate wastes and the conceptual design of a process plant operating at a generic DOE site. The objective of Phase 2, which is scheduled to be completed the end of FY 95, is to develop a definitive process plant design for the treatment of wastes at amore » specific DOE facility. During Phase 2, a site specific design was developed for the processing of LLW soils and muds containing TSCA organics and RCRA metal contaminants. Phase 3 will consist of a full scale demonstration at the DOE gaseous diffusion plant located in Paducah, KY. Several DOE sites were evaluated for potential application of the technology. Paducah was selected for the demonstration program because of their urgent waste remediation needs as well as their strong management and cost sharing financial support for the project. During Phase 2, the basic nitrification process design was modified to meet the specific needs of the new waste streams available at Paducah. The system design developed for Paducah has significantly enhanced the processing capabilities of the Vortec vitrification process. The overall system design now includes the capability to shred entire drums and drum packs containing mud, concrete, plastics and PCB`s as well as bulk waste materials. This enhanced processing capability will substantially expand the total DOE waste remediation applications of the technology.« less

  11. An industrial perspective on the design and development of medicines for older patients.

    PubMed

    Page, Sharon; Coupe, Alastair; Barrett, Andrew

    2016-10-30

    An increasing elderly population is leading to a change in the global demographics. This presents a new challenge to society and the pharmaceutical industry. This demographic shift is providing an opportunity for the pharmaceutical industry to meet the specific needs of the changing patient population. One issue that has been identified is defining what is meant by "an older patient", since this definition cannot be simply limited to chronological age. The fundamental purpose of the design and development process is to create a product that can be used by the patient group in a safe and efficacious manner. In the pharmaceutical industry ICH Q8 is used to guide the design and development of medicines. The process leads to the definition of the Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) for a specific drug product and patient population. One can imagine a product with various presentations described in the QTPP which suit paediatrics, adults and older patients. It is recognised that designing medicines for smaller population groups will result in multiple presentations that could lead to smaller manufacturing batch sizes. In the short to medium term; dose flexibility, easy-to-swallow formulations, and easier access packaging are all factors under consideration. Dose flexibility could be achieved with various dosage forms such as oral liquids, mini-tablets, or multi-particulates. Whilst patient dosage preferences are beginning to be understood, further investigation is needed to balance the needs of the patient, care giver, prescriber, and payer. There also remain a number of challenges with the engineering solutions and delivery device for mini-tablets and multi-particulates (aside from filled capsules) to accurately and robustly deliver the dose, and issues with handling the device and the packaging for an older patient. It is also recognised that there are numerous challenges, not least of which is the definition of the older patient and a generic QTPP for an older patients' drug product. It is likely that there will be no simple solution or 'one-size-fits-all' approach in drug product development to resolve the complex issues presented by the ageing population. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Health perceptions of Mexican American women.

    PubMed

    Mendelson, Cindy

    2002-07-01

    This article describes the health perceptions of a sample of moderately to highly acculturated Mexican American women. Using an ethnographic design, the author interviewed 13 women to determine their health perceptions. The interviews were guided by the domains of health described in the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of health. Three broad categories of health perceptions were identified: the physical body, the emotional component, and finding balance. With the addition of a spiritual component, the WHO definition was a useful tool for uncovering health perceptions. The process of in-depth ethnographic interviewing provided a contextual view of health in which the complexity of intrafamilial relationships was revealed, as were the importance of spirituality as a coping mechanism and the perception of health as an integrated, holistic experience.

  13. WIS Implementation Study Report. Volume 2. Resumes.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-10-01

    WIS modernization that major attention be paid to interface definition and design, system integra- tion and test , and configuration management of the...Estimates -- Computer Corporation of America -- 155 Test Processing Systems -- Newburyport Computer Associates, Inc. -- 183 Cluster II Papers-- Standards...enhancements of the SPL/I compiler system, development of test systems for the verification of SDEX/M and the timing and architecture of the AN/U YK-20 and

  14. Amoeba behavior of UO/sub 2/ coated particle fuel

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wagner-Loeffler, M.

    1977-09-01

    The data extracted from numerous irradiation tests were used to derive amoeba endurance parameters for UO/sub 2/. The data do not yet allow an unambiguous definition of the controlling mechanism, which may be due to either gaseous or solid-state diffusion processes. Adequate data on the amoeba effect are available for design of a steam-raising high-temperature gas-cooled reactor using UO/sub 2/ fuel.

  15. Concepts for on-board satellite image registration. Volume 2: IAS prototype performance evaluation standard definition. [NEEDS Information Adaptive System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Daluge, D. R.; Ruedger, W. H.

    1981-01-01

    Problems encountered in testing onboard signal processing hardware designed to achieve radiometric and geometric correction of satellite imaging data are considered. These include obtaining representative image and ancillary data for simulation and the transfer and storage of a large quantity of image data at very high speed. The high resolution, high speed preprocessing of LANDSAT-D imagery is considered.

  16. Advanced High-Definition Video Cameras

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Glenn, William

    2007-01-01

    A product line of high-definition color video cameras, now under development, offers a superior combination of desirable characteristics, including high frame rates, high resolutions, low power consumption, and compactness. Several of the cameras feature a 3,840 2,160-pixel format with progressive scanning at 30 frames per second. The power consumption of one of these cameras is about 25 W. The size of the camera, excluding the lens assembly, is 2 by 5 by 7 in. (about 5.1 by 12.7 by 17.8 cm). The aforementioned desirable characteristics are attained at relatively low cost, largely by utilizing digital processing in advanced field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to perform all of the many functions (for example, color balance and contrast adjustments) of a professional color video camera. The processing is programmed in VHDL so that application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) can be fabricated directly from the program. ["VHDL" signifies VHSIC Hardware Description Language C, a computing language used by the United States Department of Defense for describing, designing, and simulating very-high-speed integrated circuits (VHSICs).] The image-sensor and FPGA clock frequencies in these cameras have generally been much higher than those used in video cameras designed and manufactured elsewhere. Frequently, the outputs of these cameras are converted to other video-camera formats by use of pre- and post-filters.

  17. 77 FR 36428 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Definition for “Specially Designed”

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-19

    ...: Specially Designed Definition. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC... Designed'' Although one of the goals of the ECR Initiative is to describe USML controls without using design intent criteria, a few of the controls in the proposed revision nonetheless use the term...

  18. 23 CFR 636.103 - What are the definitions of terms used in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.103 What are the definitions of terms... is designed to foster an impartial and comprehensive evaluation of offerors' proposals, leading to... agency awarding and administering a design-build contract. The contracting agency may be the STD or...

  19. 23 CFR 636.103 - What are the definitions of terms used in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.103 What are the definitions of terms... is designed to foster an impartial and comprehensive evaluation of offerors' proposals, leading to... agency awarding and administering a design-build contract. The contracting agency may be the STD or...

  20. 40 CFR 1048.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    .... 7401-7671q. Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design that someone can adjust... design function is to decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the environment... engine that is designed to run using an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do...

  1. 23 CFR 636.103 - What are the definitions of terms used in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.103 What are the definitions of terms... is designed to foster an impartial and comprehensive evaluation of offerors' proposals, leading to... agency awarding and administering a design-build contract. The contracting agency may be the STD or...

  2. 23 CFR 636.103 - What are the definitions of terms used in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.103 What are the definitions of terms... is designed to foster an impartial and comprehensive evaluation of offerors' proposals, leading to... agency awarding and administering a design-build contract. The contracting agency may be the STD or...

  3. 23 CFR 636.103 - What are the definitions of terms used in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.103 What are the definitions of terms... is designed to foster an impartial and comprehensive evaluation of offerors' proposals, leading to... agency awarding and administering a design-build contract. The contracting agency may be the STD or...

  4. 40 CFR 1048.801 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... 7401-7671q. Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design that someone can adjust... design function is to decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the environment... engine that is designed to run using an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do...

  5. 10 CFR 431.82 - Definitions concerning commercial packaged boilers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) For service water heating in buildings but does not meet the definition of “hot water supply boiler... capable of supplying either steam or hot water, and designed to operate under the conditions in paragraphs... that is designed to be capable of supplying either steam or hot water, and designed to operate under...

  6. 75 FR 57481 - Statutorily Mandated Designation of Difficult Development Areas and Qualified Census Tracts for 2011

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-21

    ... makes new DDA designations annually for purposes of the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) under... questions on how areas are designated and on geographic definitions, contact Michael K. Hollar, Senior... Budget (OMB) first published new metropolitan area definitions incorporating 2000 Census data in OMB...

  7. 77 FR 69507 - Proposed Model Safety Evaluation for Plant-Specific Adoption of Technical Specifications Task...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-19

    ..., ``Revise Shutdown Margin Definition To Address Advanced Fuel Designs'' AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory... Shutdown Margin Definition to Address Advanced Fuel Designs.'' DATES: Comment period expires on December 19... address newer BWR fuel designs, which may be more reactive at shutdown temperatures above 68[emsp14][deg]F...

  8. Parametric design and gridding through relational geometry

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Letcher, John S., Jr.; Shook, D. Michael

    1995-01-01

    Relational Geometric Synthesis (RGS) is a new logical framework for building up precise definitions of complex geometric models from points, curves, surfaces and solids. RGS achieves unprecedented design flexibility by supporting a rich variety of useful curve and surface entities. During the design process, many qualitative and quantitative relationships between elementary objects may be captured and retained in a data structure equivalent to a directed graph, such that they can be utilized for automatically updating the complete model geometry following changes in the shape or location of an underlying object. Capture of relationships enables many new possibilities for parametric variations and optimization. Examples are given of panelization applications for submarines, sailing yachts, offshore structures, and propellers.

  9. Seal material development test program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1971-01-01

    A program designed to characterize an experimental fluoroelastomer material designated AF-E-124D, is examined. Tests conducted include liquid nitrogen load compression tests, flexure tests and valve seal tests, ambient and elevated temperature compression set tests, and cleaning and flushing fluid exposure tests. The results of these tests indicate the AF-E-124D is a good choice for a cryogenic seal, since it exhibits good low temperature sealing characteristics and resistance to permanent set. The status of this material as an experimental fluorelastomer is stressed and recommended. Activity includes definition and control of critical processing to ensure consistent material properties. Design, fabrication and test of this and other materials is recommended in valve and static seal applications.

  10. High-pressure cryogenic valves for the Vulcain rocket motor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Garceau, P.; Meyer, F.

    The high-pressure valve developed to control the flow of liquid oxygen or hydrogen into the gas generator of the ESA Vulcain rocket motor is described. The spherical ball-seal design employed provides high reliability over a service lifetime of 5000 on-off actuations at temperatures 20-350 K and pressures up to 200 bar. Leakage is limited to a few cu cm/sec of hydrogen at 20 K. The steps in the development process, from the definition of the valve specifications to the fabrication and testing phase are reviewed, and the final design is shown in drawings, diagrams, and photographs.

  11. Principle and design of small-sized and high-definition x-ray machine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Anqing

    2010-10-01

    The paper discusses the circuit design and working principles of VMOS PWM type 75KV10mA high frequency X-ray machine. The system mainly consists of silicon controlled rectifier, VMOS tube PWM type high-frequency and highvoltage inverter circuit, filament inverter circuit, high-voltage rectifier filter circuit and as X-ray tube. The working process can be carried out under the control of a single-chip microcomputer. Due to the small size and high resolution in imaging, the X-ray machine is mostly adopted for emergent medical diagnosis and specific circumstances where nondestructive tests are conducted.

  12. One Small Step for Creo Modelers, One Giant Leap for "Grey Beards": Using MBD Methodologies to Launch Astronauts and Hardware to Near-Earth Objects such as Asteroids, the Moon and Mars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jones, Corey; LaPha, Steven

    2013-01-01

    This presentation will focus on the modernization of design and engineering practices through the use of Model Based Definition methodology. By gathering important engineering data into one 3D digital data set, applying model annotations, and setting up model view states directly in the 3D CAD model, model-specific information can be published to Windchill and CreoView for use during the Design Review Process. This presentation will describe the methods that have been incorporated into the modeling.

  13. Approach to an Affordable and Sustainable Space Transportation System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    McCleskey, Caey M.; Rhodes, R. E.; Robinson, J. W.; Henderson, E. M.

    2012-01-01

    This paper describes an approach and a general procedure for creating space transportation architectural concepts that are at once affordable and sustainable. Previous papers by the authors and other members of the Space Propulsion Synergy Team (SPST) focused on a functional system breakdown structure for an architecture and definition of high-payoff design techniques with a technology integration strategy. This paper follows up by using a structured process that derives architectural solutions focused on achieving life cycle affordability and sustainability. Further, the paper includes an example concept that integrates key design techniques discussed in previous papers. !

  14. Collecting urban health indicators from routinely available sources: development and piloting of a tool for the collection of existing data for EURO-URHIS 2.

    PubMed

    Higgerson, James; Pope, Dan; Birt, Christopher A; van Ameijden, Erik; Verma, Arpana

    2017-05-01

    EURO-URHIS 2 aimed to collect comparable health indicators across a large number of urban areas (UAs) across Europe and Vietnam using four data collection tools. This paper outlines the process for the selection of indicators to be collected from routinely available sources, and the piloting of the data collection tool. A long-list of indicators potentially collectable from routinely available sources was generated by the EURO-URHIS 2 consortium. Key contacts from each UA completed an e-mail survey reporting for each indicator whether it could be collected using the given definition, an alternative definition or not at all. Additionally participants listed the 20 leading causes of death for their UAs from the Eurostat 65. Results were compiled to inform indicator selection for the main data collection phase. Responses were received for 25 of 28 eligible UAs. Of the 29 proposed indicators, 55.1% ( n = 16) were accepted without change, 24.1% ( n = 7) were re-allocated to other data collection tools and 17.2% ( n = 5) were accepted after a modification of the EURO-URHIS 2 definition. This scoping exercise and piloting phase for the 'existing data tool' for the project was useful and informative. It provided detailed information on what could be collected, and an opportunity to modify indicator definitions to maximize response rates. These results are only applicable to those UAs returning results and cannot be generalized. Detailed interrogation of definitions is essential to this sort of data collection, and the process described was designed with cross-national comparability in mind. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

  15. Development of Cold-Formed Steel Seismic Design Recommendations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-08-01

    applied loads, so the impact on design would be minimal. However, had the test been carried out to larger panel deformations without loss of capacity... test shear panels and development of preliminary design recommendations 6. Definition of material properties and coupon test results 7. Pretest of...predicted panel response based on preliminary design model and coupon test results 8. Definition of test configuration, procedures, and

  16. Integrated risk management

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hunsucker, J. L.

    1993-01-01

    The purpose of this report is to first present a basis or foundation for the building of an integrated risk management plan and them to present the plan. The integration referred to is across both the temporal and the hierarchical dimensions. Complexity, consequence, and credibility seem to be driving the need for the consideration of risk. Reduction of personal bias and reproducibility of the decision making process seem to be driving the consideration of a formal risk plan. While risk can be used as either a selection tool or a control tool, this paper concentrates on the selection usage. Risk relies on stated purpose. The tightness of the definition of purpose and success is directly reflected in the definition and control of risk. Much of a risk management plan could be designed by the answers to the questions of why, what, who, when, and where. However, any plan must provide the following information about a threat or risk: likelihood, consequence, predictability, reliability, and reproducibility. While the environment at NASA is seen as warm, but not hot, for the introduction of a risk program, some encouragement is seen if the following problems are addressed: no champion, no commitment of resource, confused definitions, lack of direction and focus, a hard sell, NASA culture, many choices of assessment methods, and cost. The plan is designed to follow the normal method of doing work and is structured to follow either the work break down structure or a functional structure very well. The parts of the plan include: defining purpose and success, initial threat assessment, initial risk assessment, reconciling threats and parameters, putting part of the information down and factoring the information back into the decision process as it comes back up, and developing inferences. Two major suggestions are presented. One is to build an office of risk management to be used as a resource by managers in doing the risk process. Another is to form a pilot program to try out the details in the plan and modify the method where needed.

  17. Propulsion/flight control integration technology (PROFIT) software system definition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carlin, C. M.; Hastings, W. J.

    1978-01-01

    The Propulsion Flight Control Integration Technology (PROFIT) program is designed to develop a flying testbed dedicated to controls research. The control software for PROFIT is defined. Maximum flexibility, needed for long term use of the flight facility, is achieved through a modular design. The Host program, processes inputs from the telemetry uplink, aircraft central computer, cockpit computer control and plant sensors to form an input data base for use by the control algorithms. The control algorithms, programmed as application modules, process the input data to generate an output data base. The Host program formats the data for output to the telemetry downlink, the cockpit computer control, and the control effectors. Two applications modules are defined - the bill of materials F-100 engine control and the bill of materials F-15 inlet control.

  18. Defining competency-based evaluation objectives in family medicine

    PubMed Central

    Lawrence, Kathrine; Allen, Tim; Brailovsky, Carlos; Crichton, Tom; Bethune, Cheri; Donoff, Michel; Laughlin, Tom; Wetmore, Stephen; Carpentier, Marie-Pierre; Visser, Shaun

    2011-01-01

    Abstract Objective To develop key features for priority topics previously identified by the College of Family Physicians of Canada that, together with skill dimensions and phases of the clinical encounter, broadly describe competence in family medicine. Design Modified nominal group methodology, which was used to develop key features for each priority topic through an iterative process. Setting The College of Family Physicians of Canada. Participants An expert group of 7 family physicians and 1 educational consultant, all of whom had experience in assessing competence in family medicine. Group members represented the Canadian family medicine context with respect to region, sex, language, community type, and experience. Methods The group used a modified Delphi process to derive a detailed operational definition of competence, using multiple iterations until consensus was achieved for the items under discussion. The group met 3 to 4 times a year from 2000 to 2007. Main findings The group analyzed 99 topics and generated 773 key features. There were 2 to 20 (average 7.8) key features per topic; 63% of the key features focused on the diagnostic phase of the clinical encounter. Conclusion This project expands previous descriptions of the process of generating key features for assessment, and removes this process from the context of written examinations. A key-features analysis of topics focuses on higher-order cognitive processes of clinical competence. The project did not define all the skill dimensions of competence to the same degree, but it clearly identified those requiring further definition. This work generates part of a discipline-specific, competency-based definition of family medicine for assessment purposes. It limits the domain for assessment purposes, which is an advantage for the teaching and assessment of learners. A validation study on the content of this work would ensure that it truly reflects competence in family medicine. PMID:21998245

  19. SemanticSCo: A platform to support the semantic composition of services for gene expression analysis.

    PubMed

    Guardia, Gabriela D A; Ferreira Pires, Luís; da Silva, Eduardo G; de Farias, Cléver R G

    2017-02-01

    Gene expression studies often require the combined use of a number of analysis tools. However, manual integration of analysis tools can be cumbersome and error prone. To support a higher level of automation in the integration process, efforts have been made in the biomedical domain towards the development of semantic web services and supporting composition environments. Yet, most environments consider only the execution of simple service behaviours and requires users to focus on technical details of the composition process. We propose a novel approach to the semantic composition of gene expression analysis services that addresses the shortcomings of the existing solutions. Our approach includes an architecture designed to support the service composition process for gene expression analysis, and a flexible strategy for the (semi) automatic composition of semantic web services. Finally, we implement a supporting platform called SemanticSCo to realize the proposed composition approach and demonstrate its functionality by successfully reproducing a microarray study documented in the literature. The SemanticSCo platform provides support for the composition of RESTful web services semantically annotated using SAWSDL. Our platform also supports the definition of constraints/conditions regarding the order in which service operations should be invoked, thus enabling the definition of complex service behaviours. Our proposed solution for semantic web service composition takes into account the requirements of different stakeholders and addresses all phases of the service composition process. It also provides support for the definition of analysis workflows at a high-level of abstraction, thus enabling users to focus on biological research issues rather than on the technical details of the composition process. The SemanticSCo source code is available at https://github.com/usplssb/SemanticSCo. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Transforming BIM to BEM: Generation of Building Geometry for the NASA Ames Sustainability Base BIM

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    O'Donnell, James T.; Maile, Tobias; Rose, Cody

    Typical processes of whole Building Energy simulation Model (BEM) generation are subjective, labor intensive, time intensive and error prone. Essentially, these typical processes reproduce already existing data, i.e. building models already created by the architect. Accordingly, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) developed a semi-automated process that enables reproducible conversions of Building Information Model (BIM) representations of building geometry into a format required by building energy modeling (BEM) tools. This is a generic process that may be applied to all building energy modeling tools but to date has only been used for EnergyPlus. This report describes and demonstrates each stage inmore » the semi-automated process for building geometry using the recently constructed NASA Ames Sustainability Base throughout. This example uses ArchiCAD (Graphisoft, 2012) as the originating CAD tool and EnergyPlus as the concluding whole building energy simulation tool. It is important to note that the process is also applicable for professionals that use other CAD tools such as Revit (“Revit Architecture,” 2012) and DProfiler (Beck Technology, 2012) and can be extended to provide geometry definitions for BEM tools other than EnergyPlus. Geometry Simplification Tool (GST) was used during the NASA Ames project and was the enabling software that facilitated semi-automated data transformations. GST has now been superseded by Space Boundary Tool (SBT-1) and will be referred to as SBT-1 throughout this report. The benefits of this semi-automated process are fourfold: 1) reduce the amount of time and cost required to develop a whole building energy simulation model, 2) enable rapid generation of design alternatives, 3) improve the accuracy of BEMs and 4) result in significantly better performing buildings with significantly lower energy consumption than those created using the traditional design process, especially if the simulation model was used as a predictive benchmark during operation. Developing BIM based criteria to support the semi-automated process should result in significant reliable improvements and time savings in the development of BEMs. In order to define successful BIMS, CAD export of IFC based BIMs for BEM must adhere to a standard Model View Definition (MVD) for simulation as provided by the concept design BIM MVD (buildingSMART, 2011). In order to ensure wide scale adoption, companies would also need to develop their own material libraries to support automated activities and undertake a pilot project to improve understanding of modeling conventions and design tool features and limitations.« less

  1. Translating Vision into Design: A Method for Conceptual Design Development

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carpenter, Joyce E.

    2003-01-01

    One of the most challenging tasks for engineers is the definition of design solutions that will satisfy high-level strategic visions and objectives. Even more challenging is the need to demonstrate how a particular design solution supports the high-level vision. This paper describes a process and set of system engineering tools that have been used at the Johnson Space Center to analyze and decompose high-level objectives for future human missions into design requirements that can be used to develop alternative concepts for vehicles, habitats, and other systems. Analysis and design studies of alternative concepts and approaches are used to develop recommendations for strategic investments in research and technology that support the NASA Integrated Space Plan. In addition to a description of system engineering tools, this paper includes a discussion of collaborative design practices for human exploration mission architecture studies used at the Johnson Space Center.

  2. Clinical Definitions of Melioidosis

    PubMed Central

    Cheng, Allen C.; Currie, Bart J.; Dance, David A. B.; Funnell, Simon G. P.; Limmathurotsakul, Direk; Simpson, Andrew J. H.; Peacock, Sharon J.

    2013-01-01

    Clinical definitions of melioidosis and inhalation-acquired melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei infection) are described together with the evidence used to develop these definitions. Such definitions support accurate public health reporting, preparedness planning for deliberate B. pseudomallei release, design of experimental models, and categorization of naturally acquired melioidosis. PMID:23468355

  3. 49 CFR 569.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION REGROOVED TIRES § 569.3 Definitions. (a) Statutory definitions. All terms used... regard to the applicability of a standard in which a definition is contained. (c) Regroovable tire means a tire, either original tread or retread, designed and constructed with sufficient tread material to...

  4. LTCC Thick Film Process Characterization

    DOE PAGES

    Girardi, M. A.; Peterson, K. A.; Vianco, P. T.

    2016-05-01

    Low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology has proven itself in military/space electronics, wireless communication, microsystems, medical and automotive electronics, and sensors. The use of LTCC for high frequency applications is appealing due to its low losses, design flexibility and packaging and integration capability. Moreover, we summarize the LTCC thick film process including some unconventional process steps such as feature machining in the unfired state and thin film definition of outer layer conductors. The LTCC thick film process was characterized to optimize process yields by focusing on these factors: 1) Print location, 2) Print thickness, 3) Drying of tapes and panels,more » 4) Shrinkage upon firing, and 5) Via topography. Statistical methods were used to analyze critical process and product characteristics in the determination towards that optimization goal.« less

  5. Tailoring Systems Engineering Processes in a Conceptual Design Environment: A Case Study at NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center's ACO

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mulqueen, John; Maples, C. Dauphne; Fabisinski, Leo, III

    2012-01-01

    This paper provides an overview of Systems Engineering as it is applied in a conceptual design space systems department at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Spaceflight Center (MSFC) Advanced Concepts Office (ACO). Engineering work performed in the NASA MFSC's ACO is targeted toward the Exploratory Research and Concepts Development life cycle stages, as defined in the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) System Engineering Handbook. This paper addresses three ACO Systems Engineering tools that correspond to three INCOSE Technical Processes: Stakeholder Requirements Definition, Requirements Analysis, and Integration, as well as one Project Process Risk Management. These processes are used to facilitate, streamline, and manage systems engineering processes tailored for the earliest two life cycle stages, which is the environment in which ACO engineers work. The role of systems engineers and systems engineering as performed in ACO is explored in this paper. The need for tailoring Systems Engineering processes, tools, and products in the ever-changing engineering services ACO provides to its customers is addressed.

  6. Range Process Simulation Tool

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Phillips, Dave; Haas, William; Barth, Tim; Benjamin, Perakath; Graul, Michael; Bagatourova, Olga

    2005-01-01

    Range Process Simulation Tool (RPST) is a computer program that assists managers in rapidly predicting and quantitatively assessing the operational effects of proposed technological additions to, and/or upgrades of, complex facilities and engineering systems such as the Eastern Test Range. Originally designed for application to space transportation systems, RPST is also suitable for assessing effects of proposed changes in industrial facilities and large organizations. RPST follows a model-based approach that includes finite-capacity schedule analysis and discrete-event process simulation. A component-based, scalable, open architecture makes RPST easily and rapidly tailorable for diverse applications. Specific RPST functions include: (1) definition of analysis objectives and performance metrics; (2) selection of process templates from a processtemplate library; (3) configuration of process models for detailed simulation and schedule analysis; (4) design of operations- analysis experiments; (5) schedule and simulation-based process analysis; and (6) optimization of performance by use of genetic algorithms and simulated annealing. The main benefits afforded by RPST are provision of information that can be used to reduce costs of operation and maintenance, and the capability for affordable, accurate, and reliable prediction and exploration of the consequences of many alternative proposed decisions.

  7. Damage Tolerance Applied to Design of Mid-Size Aircraft

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chaves, Carlos Eduardo

    Most of the mid-size aircraft are certified according to FAA Part 25 requirements, and in order to comply with these requirements the majority of the aircraft structure must be damage tolerant. To assure damage tolerance, despite the overall structural behavior, one should look at the details. There is a great amount of analysis tasks and tests that must be carried out in order to guarantee the aircraft structural integrity. This paper presents an overview of Embraer experience with design and analysis for damage tolerance during the last 30 years. Aspects like DT analysis for metallic and composite structures, selection of appropriate materials, loads, definition of limits of validity and definition of inspection intervals will be addressed along this work. Selected structural tests that have been performed for validation of modeling predictions will be presented. Some aspects to be discussed are related to the design differences between commercial jets, which are usually subjected to high usage conditions, business jets and military aircraft. Further, the application of future technologies, such as structural health monitoring, and also of new materials and manufacturing processes that have been evaluated in order to improve the damage tolerance capability of the aircraft structures will be discussed.

  8. Stakeholder participation in comparative effectiveness research: defining a framework for effective engagement

    PubMed Central

    Deverka, Patricia A; Lavallee, Danielle C; Desai, Priyanka J; Esmail, Laura C; Ramsey, Scott D; Veenstra, David L; Tunis, Sean R

    2012-01-01

    Aims Stakeholder engagement is fundamental to comparative effectiveness research (CER), but lacks consistent terminology. This paper aims to define stakeholder engagement and present a conceptual model for involving stakeholders in CER. Materials & methods The definitions and model were developed from a literature search, expert input and experience with the Center for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Cancer Genomics, a proof-of-concept platform for stakeholder involvement in priority setting and CER study design. Results Definitions for stakeholder and stakeholder engagement reflect the target constituencies and their role in CER. The ‘analytic-deliberative’ conceptual model for stakeholder engagement illustrates the inputs, methods and outputs relevant to CER. The model differentiates methods at each stage of the project; depicts the relationship between components; and identifies outcome measures for evaluation of the process. Conclusion While the definitions and model require testing before being broadly adopted, they are an important foundational step and will be useful for investigators, funders and stakeholder groups interested in contributing to CER. PMID:22707880

  9. Stakeholder participation in comparative effectiveness research: defining a framework for effective engagement.

    PubMed

    Deverka, Patricia A; Lavallee, Danielle C; Desai, Priyanka J; Esmail, Laura C; Ramsey, Scott D; Veenstra, David L; Tunis, Sean R

    2012-03-01

    AIMS: Stakeholder engagement is fundamental to comparative effectiveness research (CER), but lacks consistent terminology. This paper aims to define stakeholder engagement and present a conceptual model for involving stakeholders in CER. MATERIALS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; METHODS: The definitions and model were developed from a literature search, expert input and experience with the Center for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Cancer Genomics, a proof-of-concept platform for stakeholder involvement in priority setting and CER study design. RESULTS: Definitions for stakeholder and stakeholder engagement reflect the target constituencies and their role in CER. The 'analytic-deliberative' conceptual model for stakeholder engagement illustrates the inputs, methods and outputs relevant to CER. The model differentiates methods at each stage of the project; depicts the relationship between components; and identifies outcome measures for evaluation of the process. CONCLUSION: While the definitions and model require testing before being broadly adopted, they are an important foundational step and will be useful for investigators, funders and stakeholder groups interested in contributing to CER.

  10. Phosphoric and electric utility fuel cell technology development

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Breault, R. D.; Briggs, T. A.; Congdon, J. V.; Demarche, T. E.; Gelting, R. L.; Goller, G. J.; Luoma, W. I.; McCloskey, M. W.; Mientek, A. P.; Obrien, J. J.

    1984-01-01

    The advancement of electric utility cell stack technology and reduction of cell stack cost was initiated. The cell stack has a nominal 10 ft (2) active area and operates at 120 psia/405(0)F. The program comprises six parallel phases, which culminate in a full height, 10-ft(2) stack verification test: (1) provides the information and services needed to manage the effort, including definition of the prototype commercial power plant; (2) develops the technical base for long term improvements to the cell stack; (3) develops materials and processing techniques for cell stack components incorporating the best available technology; (4) provides the design of hardware and conceptual processing layouts, and updates the power plant definition of Phase 1 to reflect the results of Phases 2 and 3; Phase 5 manufactures the hardware to verify the achievements of Phases 2 and 3, and analyzes the cost of this hardware; and Phase 6 tests the cell stacks assembled from the hardware of Phase 5 to assess the state of development.

  11. Solar array flight dynamic experiment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schock, R. W.

    1986-01-01

    The purpose of the Solar Array Flight Dynamic Experiment (SAFDE) is to demonstrate the feasibility of on-orbit measurement and ground processing of large space structures dynamic characteristics. Test definition or verification provides the dynamic characteristic accuracy required for control systems use. An illumination/measurement system was developed to fly on space shuttle flight STS-31D. The system was designed to dynamically evaluate a large solar array called the Solar Array Flight Experiment (SAFE) that had been scheduled for this flight. The SAFDE system consisted of a set of laser diode illuminators, retroreflective targets, an intelligent star tracker receiver and the associated equipment to power, condition, and record the results. In six tests on STS-41D, data was successfully acquired from 18 retroreflector targets and ground processed, post flight, to define the solar array's dynamic characteristic. The flight experiment proved the viability of on-orbit test definition of large space structures dynamic characteristics. Future large space structures controllability should be greatly enhanced by this capability.

  12. Solar array flight dynamic experiment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schock, Richard W.

    1986-01-01

    The purpose of the Solar Array Flight Dynamic Experiment (SAFDE) is to demonstrate the feasibility of on-orbit measurement and ground processing of large space structures dynamic characteristics. Test definition or verification provides the dynamic characteristic accuracy required for control systems use. An illumination/measurement system was developed to fly on Space Shuttle flight STS-31D. The system was designed to dynamically evaluate a large solar array called the Solar Array Flight Experiment (SAFE) that had been scheduled for this flight. The SAFDE system consisted of a set of laser diode illuminators, retroreflective targets, an intelligent star tracker receiver and the associated equipment to power, condition, and record the results. In six tests on STS-41D, data was successfully acquired from 18 retroreflector targets and ground processed, post flight, to define the solar array's dynamic characteristic. The flight experiment proved the viability of on-orbit test definition of large space structures dynamic characteristics. Future large space structures controllability should be greatly enhanced by this capability.

  13. Solar array flight dynamic experiment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schock, Richard W.

    1987-01-01

    The purpose of the Solar Array Flight Dynamic Experiment (SAFDE) is to demonstrate the feasibility of on-orbit measurement and ground processing of large space structures' dynamic characteristics. Test definition or verification provides the dynamic characteristic accuracy required for control systems use. An illumination/measurement system was developed to fly on space shuttle flight STS-41D. The system was designed to dynamically evaluate a large solar array called the Solar Array Flight Experiment (SAFE) that had been scheduled for this flight. The SAFDE system consisted of a set of laser diode illuminators, retroreflective targets, an intelligent star tracker receiver and the associated equipment to power, condition, and record the results. In six tests on STS-41D, data was successfully acquired from 18 retroreflector targets and ground processed, post flight, to define the solar array's dynamic characteristic. The flight experiment proved the viability of on-orbit test definition of large space structures dynamic characteristics. Future large space structures controllability should be greatly enhanced by this capability.

  14. An ASM/ADM model interface for dynamic plant-wide simulation.

    PubMed

    Nopens, Ingmar; Batstone, Damien J; Copp, John B; Jeppsson, Ulf; Volcke, Eveline; Alex, Jens; Vanrolleghem, Peter A

    2009-04-01

    Mathematical modelling has proven to be very useful in process design, operation and optimisation. A recent trend in WWTP modelling is to include the different subunits in so-called plant-wide models rather than focusing on parts of the entire process. One example of a typical plant-wide model is the coupling of an upstream activated sludge plant (including primary settler, and secondary clarifier) to an anaerobic digester for sludge digestion. One of the key challenges when coupling these processes has been the definition of an interface between the well accepted activated sludge model (ASM1) and anaerobic digestion model (ADM1). Current characterisation and interface models have key limitations, the most critical of which is the over-use of X(c) (or lumped complex) variable as a main input to the ADM1. Over-use of X(c) does not allow for variation of degradability, carbon oxidation state or nitrogen content. In addition, achieving a target influent pH through the proper definition of the ionic system can be difficult. In this paper, we define an interface and characterisation model that maps degradable components directly to carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (and their soluble analogues), as well as organic acids, rather than using X(c). While this interface has been designed for use with the Benchmark Simulation Model No. 2 (BSM2), it is widely applicable to ADM1 input characterisation in general. We have demonstrated the model both hypothetically (BSM2), and practically on a full-scale anaerobic digester treating sewage sludge.

  15. The Specific Features of design and process engineering in branch of industrial enterprise

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sosedko, V. V.; Yanishevskaya, A. G.

    2017-06-01

    Production output of industrial enterprise is organized in debugged working mechanisms at each stage of product’s life cycle from initial design documentation to product and finishing it with utilization. The topic of article is mathematical model of the system design and process engineering in branch of the industrial enterprise, statistical processing of estimated implementation results of developed mathematical model in branch, and demonstration of advantages at application at this enterprise. During the creation of model a data flow about driving of information, orders, details and modules in branch of enterprise groups of divisions were classified. Proceeding from the analysis of divisions activity, a data flow, details and documents the state graph of design and process engineering was constructed, transitions were described and coefficients are appropriated. To each condition of system of the constructed state graph the corresponding limiting state probabilities were defined, and also Kolmogorov’s equations are worked out. When integration of sets of equations of Kolmogorov the state probability of system activity the specified divisions and production as function of time in each instant is defined. On the basis of developed mathematical model of uniform system of designing and process engineering and manufacture, and a state graph by authors statistical processing the application of mathematical model results was carried out, and also advantage at application at this enterprise is shown. Researches on studying of loading services probability of branch and third-party contractors (the orders received from branch within a month) were conducted. The developed mathematical model of system design and process engineering and manufacture can be applied to definition of activity state probability of divisions and manufacture as function of time in each instant that will allow to keep account of loading of performance of work in branches of the enterprise.

  16. What is a Planet?-Categorizing Objects

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lebofsky, Larry A.

    2009-05-01

    Observing, communicating, comparing, organizing, relating, and inferring are fundamental to scientific thinking processes. Teaching this way, rather than just teaching "the facts,” is also important for developing the critical thinking skills of our future generations of a scientifically literate society. Since the IAU started its discussions on a definition of a planet in 2005, I have been presenting a hands-on activity called "What is a Planet?” at the annual meeting of the DPS. This activity has been designed for short (20 minute) to long (two hour) presentations depending on the venue and the audience. This has been presented to elementary-grade students, middle school students, K-12 teachers, and scientists and educators. Depending on the amount of time available, I show students how people, as well as scientists group or categorize things such as plants and animals, cats and dog, etc. The students are then broken up into groups. Science is usually done by teams of scientists working together, not as individuals working alone. I assess their prior knowledge (how many planets, their names, their properties, etc.). They also do a hands-on group activity where they group/categorize ten spheres by their properties (size, color, etc.). Finally we discuss the process by which the IAU came up with a definition of a planet. I then discuss with them why some scientists, including myself, do not agree with this definition: as with the spheres, there may be more than one "right” answer. There are many ways to look at the properties of objects in the Solar System and group them into planets and other designations. This is the way that science should be done, to look at all of the properties of an object and categorize them in a meaningful way. There may be more than one right answer.

  17. 10 CFR 830.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 830.3 Section 830.3 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NUCLEAR SAFETY MANAGEMENT § 830.3 Definitions. (a) The following definitions apply to this part.... Critical assembly means special nuclear devices designed and used to sustain nuclear reactions, which may...

  18. VSCE technology definition study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Howlett, R. A.; Hunt, R. B.

    1979-01-01

    Refined design definition of the variable stream control engine (VSCE) concept for advanced supersonic transports is presented. Operating and performance features of the VSCE are discussed, including the engine components, thrust specific fuel consumption, weight, noise, and emission system. A preliminary engine design is presented.

  19. Life sciences payload definition and integration study. Volume 1: Executive summary. [carry-on laboratory for Spacelab

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    The definition and integration tasks involved in the development of design concepts for a carry-on laboratory (COL), to be compatible with Spacelab operations, were divided into the following study areas: (1) identification of research and equipment requirements of the COL; (2) development of a number of conceptual layouts for COL based on the defined research of final conceptual designs; and (4) development of COL planning information for definition of COL/Spacelab interface data, cost data, and program cost schedules, including design drawings of a selected COL to permit fabrication of a functional breadboard.

  20. Systems-level study of a nonsurvivable Jupiter turbopause probe. Volume 1: Summary

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wiltshire, R. S.

    1972-01-01

    The design of a space probe to explore the atmosphere of the planet Jupiter is discussed. Five major areas were considered: (1) definition of science requirements, (2) mission evaluation, (3) definition of probe system, (4) definition of spacecraft support requirements, and (5) nonequilibrium flow field analysis for communications blackout evaluation. The overall mission and system design are emphasized. The integration of the various technologies into complete systems designs is described. Results showed that a nonsurvivable turbopause probe mission to Jupiter with adequate data return to meet the science objectives is feasible and practical.

  1. Functional definition and design of a USDA system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Evans, S. M.; Dario, E. R.; Dickinson, G. L. (Principal Investigator)

    1979-01-01

    The fundamental definition and design of a U.S.D.A. system utilizing the LACIE technology avaliable as of June 1976, is discussed. The organization and methods described are focused on LACIE technology in terms of its transfer for use applications. The simulation of a feasible system design provided timely answers to system design questions, such as the ability of a minicomputer to handle the proposed geometrical correction of MSS data.

  2. Toward a functional definition of a "rare disease" for regulatory authorities and funding agencies.

    PubMed

    Clarke, Joe T R; Coyle, Doug; Evans, Gerald; Martin, Janet; Winquist, Eric

    2014-12-01

    The designation of a disease as "rare" is associated with some substantial benefits for companies involved in new drug development, including expedited review by regulatory authorities and relaxed criteria for reimbursement. How "rare disease" is defined therefore has major financial implications, both for pharmaceutical companies and for insurers or public drug reimbursement programs. All existing definitions are based, somewhat arbitrarily, on disease incidence or prevalence. What is proposed here is a functional definition of rare based on an assessment of the feasibility of measuring the efficacy of a new treatment in conventional randomized controlled trials, to inform regulatory authorities and funding agencies charged with assessing new therapies being considered for public funding. It involves a five-step process, involving significant negotiations between patient advocacy groups, pharmaceutical companies, physicians, and public drug reimbursement programs, designed to establish the feasibility of carrying out a randomized controlled trial with sufficient statistical power to show a clinically significant treatment effect. The steps are as follows: 1) identification of a specific disease, including appropriate genetic definition; 2) identification of clinically relevant outcomes to evaluate efficacy; 3) establishment of the inherent variability of measurements of clinically relevant outcomes; 4) calculation of the sample size required to assess the efficacy of a new treatment with acceptable statistical power; and 5) estimation of the difficulty of recruiting an adequate sample size given the estimated prevalence or incidence of the disorder in the population and the inclusion criteria to be used. Copyright © 2014 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. A review and analysis of the use of 'habit' in understanding, predicting and influencing health-related behaviour.

    PubMed

    Gardner, Benjamin

    2015-01-01

    The term 'habit' is widely used to predict and explain behaviour. This paper examines use of the term in the context of health-related behaviour, and explores how the concept might be made more useful. A narrative review is presented, drawing on a scoping review of 136 empirical studies and 8 literature reviews undertaken to document usage of the term 'habit', and methods to measure it. A coherent definition of 'habit', and proposals for improved methods for studying it, were derived from findings. Definitions of 'habit' have varied in ways that are often implicit and not coherently linked with an underlying theory. A definition is proposed whereby habit is a process by which a stimulus generates an impulse to act as a result of a learned stimulus-response association. Habit-generated impulses may compete or combine with impulses and inhibitions arising from other sources, including conscious decision-making, to influence responses, and need not generate behaviour. Most research on habit is based on correlational studies using self-report measures. Adopting a coherent definition of 'habit', and a wider range of paradigms, designs and measures to study it, may accelerate progress in habit theory and application.

  4. Implementation of a Goal-Based Systems Engineering Process Using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Patterson, Jonathan D.; Breckenridge, Jonathan T.; Johnson, Stephen B.

    2013-01-01

    Building upon the purpose, theoretical approach, and use of a Goal-Function Tree (GFT) being presented by Dr. Stephen B. Johnson, described in a related Infotech 2013 ISHM abstract titled "Goal-Function Tree Modeling for Systems Engineering and Fault Management", this paper will describe the core framework used to implement the GFTbased systems engineering process using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). These two papers are ideally accepted and presented together in the same Infotech session. Statement of problem: SysML, as a tool, is currently not capable of implementing the theoretical approach described within the "Goal-Function Tree Modeling for Systems Engineering and Fault Management" paper cited above. More generally, SysML's current capabilities to model functional decompositions in the rigorous manner required in the GFT approach are limited. The GFT is a new Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach to the development of goals and requirements, functions, and its linkage to design. As a growing standard for systems engineering, it is important to develop methods to implement GFT in SysML. Proposed Method of Solution: Many of the central concepts of the SysML language are needed to implement a GFT for large complex systems. In the implementation of those central concepts, the following will be described in detail: changes to the nominal SysML process, model view definitions and examples, diagram definitions and examples, and detailed SysML construct and stereotype definitions.

  5. Architecting Systems for Human Space Flight

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wocken, Gerald

    2002-01-01

    Human-system interactions have been largely overlooked in the traditional systems engineering process. Awareness of human factors (HF) has increased in the past few years, but the involvement of HF specialists is still often too little and too late. In systems involving long-duration human space flight, it is essential that the human component be properly considered in the initial architectural definition phase, as well as throughout the system design process. HF analysis must include not only the strengths and limitations of humans in general, but the variability between individuals and within an individual over time, and the dynamics of group interactions.

  6. Biostereometric Data Processing In ERGODATA: Choice Of Human Body Models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pineau, J. C.; Mollard, R.; Sauvignon, M.; Amphoux, M.

    1983-07-01

    The definition of human body models was elaborated with anthropometric data from ERGODATA. The first model reduces the human body into a series of points and lines. The second model is well adapted to represent volumes of each segmentary element. The third is an original model built from the conventional anatomical points. Each segment is defined in space by a tri-angular plane located with its 3-D coordinates. This new model can answer all the processing possibilities in the field of computer-aided design (C.A.D.) in ergonomy but also biomechanics and orthopaedics.

  7. Extending the boundaries of reverse engineering

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lawrie, Chris

    2002-04-01

    In today's market place the potential of Reverse Engineering as a time compression tool is commonly lost under its traditional definition. The term Reverse Engineering was coined way back at the advent of CMM machines and 3D CAD systems to describe the process of fitting surfaces to captured point data. Since these early beginnings, downstream hardware scanning and digitising systems have evolved in parallel with an upstream demand, greatly increasing the potential of a point cloud data set within engineering design and manufacturing processes. The paper will discuss the issues surrounding Reverse Engineering at the turn of the millennium.

  8. DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) for advanced physical-chemical life support systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rudokas, Mary R.; Cantwell, Elizabeth R.; Robinson, Peter I.; Shenk, Timothy W.

    1989-01-01

    This paper reports the results of a project supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (NASA-OAST) under the Advanced Life Support Development Program. It is an initial attempt to integrate artificial intelligence techniques (via expert systems) with conventional quantitative modeling tools for advanced physical-chemical life support systems. The addition of artificial intelligence techniques will assist the designer in the definition and simulation of loosely/well-defined life support processes/problems as well as assist in the capture of design knowledge, both quantitative and qualitative. Expert system and conventional modeling tools are integrated to provide a design workstation that assists the engineer/scientist in creating, evaluating, documenting and optimizing physical-chemical life support systems for short-term and extended duration missions.

  9. 24 CFR 598.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Definitions. 598.3 Section 598.3... COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General Provisions § 598.3 Definitions. In addition to the definitions of “HUD” and “Secretary” found in 24 CFR 5.100, the following...

  10. 24 CFR 598.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 598.3 Section 598.3... COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General Provisions § 598.3 Definitions. In addition to the definitions of “HUD” and “Secretary” found in 24 CFR 5.100, the following...

  11. 24 CFR 598.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 598.3 Section 598.3... COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General Provisions § 598.3 Definitions. In addition to the definitions of “HUD” and “Secretary” found in 24 CFR 5.100, the following...

  12. 24 CFR 598.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Definitions. 598.3 Section 598.3... COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General Provisions § 598.3 Definitions. In addition to the definitions of “HUD” and “Secretary” found in 24 CFR 5.100, the following...

  13. 24 CFR 598.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Definitions. 598.3 Section 598.3... COMMUNITY FACILITIES URBAN EMPOWERMENT ZONES: ROUND TWO AND THREE DESIGNATIONS General Provisions § 598.3 Definitions. In addition to the definitions of “HUD” and “Secretary” found in 24 CFR 5.100, the following...

  14. Increasing patient safety and efficiency in transfusion therapy using formal process definitions.

    PubMed

    Henneman, Elizabeth A; Avrunin, George S; Clarke, Lori A; Osterweil, Leon J; Andrzejewski, Chester; Merrigan, Karen; Cobleigh, Rachel; Frederick, Kimberly; Katz-Bassett, Ethan; Henneman, Philip L

    2007-01-01

    The administration of blood products is a common, resource-intensive, and potentially problem-prone area that may place patients at elevated risk in the clinical setting. Much of the emphasis in transfusion safety has been targeted toward quality control measures in laboratory settings where blood products are prepared for administration as well as in automation of certain laboratory processes. In contrast, the process of transfusing blood in the clinical setting (ie, at the point of care) has essentially remained unchanged over the past several decades. Many of the currently available methods for improving the quality and safety of blood transfusions in the clinical setting rely on informal process descriptions, such as flow charts and medical algorithms, to describe medical processes. These informal descriptions, although useful in presenting an overview of standard processes, can be ambiguous or incomplete. For example, they often describe only the standard process and leave out how to handle possible failures or exceptions. One alternative to these informal descriptions is to use formal process definitions, which can serve as the basis for a variety of analyses because these formal definitions offer precision in the representation of all possible ways that a process can be carried out in both standard and exceptional situations. Formal process definitions have not previously been used to describe and improve medical processes. The use of such formal definitions to prospectively identify potential error and improve the transfusion process has not previously been reported. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of formally defining processes and to describe how formal definitions of blood transfusion processes can be used to detect and correct transfusion process errors in ways not currently possible using existing quality improvement methods.

  15. Rainfall-ground movement modelling for natural gas pipelines through landslide terrain

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    O`Neil, G.D.; Simmonds, G.R.; Grivas, D.A.

    1996-12-31

    Perhaps the greatest challenge to geotechnical engineers is to maintain the integrity of pipelines at river crossings where landslide terrain dominates the approach slopes. The current design process at NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) has developed to the point where this impact can be reasonably estimated using in-house models of pipeline-soil interaction. To date, there has been no method to estimate ground movements within unexplored slopes at the outset of the design process. To address this problem, rainfall and slope instrumentation data have been processed to derive rainfall-ground movement relationships. Early results indicate that the ground movements exhibit two components:more » a steady, small rate of movement independent of the rainfall, and, increased rates over short periods of time following heavy amounts of rainfall. Evidence exists of a definite threshold value of rainfall which has to be exceeded before any incremental movement is induced. Additional evidence indicates a one-month lag between rainfall and ground movement. While these models are in the preliminary stage, results indicate a potential to estimate ground movements for both initial design and planned maintenance actions.« less

  16. What is the Final Verification of Engineering Requirements?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Poole, Eric

    2010-01-01

    This slide presentation reviews the process of development through the final verification of engineering requirements. The definition of the requirements is driven by basic needs, and should be reviewed by both the supplier and the customer. All involved need to agree upon a formal requirements including changes to the original requirements document. After the requirements have ben developed, the engineering team begins to design the system. The final design is reviewed by other organizations. The final operational system must satisfy the original requirements, though many verifications should be performed during the process. The verification methods that are used are test, inspection, analysis and demonstration. The plan for verification should be created once the system requirements are documented. The plan should include assurances that every requirement is formally verified, that the methods and the responsible organizations are specified, and that the plan is reviewed by all parties. The options of having the engineering team involved in all phases of the development as opposed to having some other organization continue the process once the design has been complete is discussed.

  17. Gaps Analysis of Integrating Product Design, Manufacturing, and Quality Data in The Supply Chain Using Model-Based Definition

    PubMed Central

    Trainer, Asa; Hedberg, Thomas; Feeney, Allison Barnard; Fischer, Kevin; Rosche, Phil

    2017-01-01

    Advances in information technology triggered a digital revolution that holds promise of reduced costs, improved productivity, and higher quality. To ride this wave of innovation, manufacturing enterprises are changing how product definitions are communicated – from paper to models. To achieve industry's vision of the Model-Based Enterprise (MBE), the MBE strategy must include model-based data interoperability from design to manufacturing and quality in the supply chain. The Model-Based Definition (MBD) is created by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools. This information is then shared with the supplier so that they can manufacture and inspect the physical parts. Today, suppliers predominantly use Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) models for these tasks. Traditionally, the OEM has provided design data to the supplier in the form of two-dimensional (2D) drawings, but may also include a three-dimensional (3D)-shape-geometry model, often in a standards-based format such as ISO 10303-203:2011 (STEP AP203). The supplier then creates the respective CAM and CMM models and machine programs to produce and inspect the parts. In the MBE vision for model-based data exchange, the CAD model must include product-and-manufacturing information (PMI) in addition to the shape geometry. Today's CAD tools can generate models with embedded PMI. And, with the emergence of STEP AP242, a standards-based model with embedded PMI can now be shared downstream. The on-going research detailed in this paper seeks to investigate three concepts. First, that the ability to utilize a STEP AP242 model with embedded PMI for CAD-to-CAM and CAD-to-CMM data exchange is possible and valuable to the overall goal of a more efficient process. Second, the research identifies gaps in tools, standards, and processes that inhibit industry's ability to cost-effectively achieve model-based-data interoperability in the pursuit of the MBE vision. Finally, it also seeks to explore the interaction between CAD and CMM processes and determine if the concept of feedback from CAM and CMM back to CAD is feasible. The main goal of our study is to test the hypothesis that model-based-data interoperability from CAD-to-CAM and CAD-to-CMM is feasible through standards-based integration. This paper presents several barriers to model-based-data interoperability. Overall, the project team demonstrated the exchange of product definition data between CAD, CAM, and CMM systems using standards-based methods. While gaps in standards coverage were identified, the gaps should not stop industry's progress toward MBE. The results of our study provide evidence in support of an open-standards method to model-based-data interoperability, which would provide maximum value and impact to industry. PMID:28691120

  18. Framework for Computer Assisted Instruction Courseware: A Case Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Betlach, Judith A.

    1987-01-01

    Systematically investigates, defines, and organizes variables related to production of internally designed and implemented computer assisted instruction (CAI) courseware: special needs of users; costs; identification and definition of realistic training needs; CAI definition and design methodology; hardware and software requirements; and general…

  19. THE DEFINITION AND INTERPRETATION OF TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT DESIGN INPUTS FOR VEHICLE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Johnson, Dale L.; Keller, Vernon W.; Vaughan, William W.

    2005-01-01

    The description and interpretation of the terrestrial environment (0-90 km altitude) is an important driver of aerospace vehicle structural, control, and thermal system design. NASA is currently in the process of reviewing the meteorological information acquired over the past decade and producing an update to the 1993 Terrestrial Environment Guidelines for Aerospace Vehicle Design and Development handbook. This paper addresses the contents of this updated handbook, with special emphasis on new material being included in the areas of atmospheric thermodynamic models, wind dynamics, atmospheric composition, atmospheric electricity, cloud phenomena, atmospheric extremes, sea state, etc. In addition, the respective engineering design elements will be discussed relative to the importance and influence of terrestrial environment inputs that require consideration and interpretation for design applications. Specific lessons learned that have contributed to the advancements made in the acquisition, interpretation, application and awareness of terrestrial environment inputs for aerospace engineering applications are discussed.

  20. Working with Policy and Regulatory Factors to Implement Universal Design in the Built Environment: The Australian Experience.

    PubMed

    Larkin, Helen; Hitch, Danielle; Watchorn, Valerie; Ang, Susan

    2015-07-15

    Built environments that are usable by all provide opportunities for engagement in meaningful occupations. However, enabling them in day to day design processes and practice is problematic for relevant professions. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain greater understanding of the policy and regulatory influences that promote or hinder the uptake of universal design in built environments, to inform better future design. Focus groups or telephone interviews were undertaken with 28 key building industry and disability stakeholders in Australia. Four themes were identified: the difficulties of definition; the push or pull of regulations and policy; the role of formal standards; and, shifting the focus of design thinking. The findings highlight the complexity of working within policy and regulatory contexts when implementing universal design. Occupational therapists working with colleagues from other professions must be aware of these influences, and develop the skills to work with them for successful practice.

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