Correlation between radiation dose and histopathological findings in patients with gliblastoma treated with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).

PubMed

Kageji, T; Mizobuchi, Y; Nagahiro, S; Nakagawa, Y; Kumada, H

2014-06-01

The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between the radiation dose and histopathological findings in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Histopathological studies were performed on specimens from 8 patients, 3 had undergone salvage surgery and 5 were autopsied. For histopathological cure of GBM at the primary site, the optimal minimal dose to the gross tumor volume (GTV) and the clinical target volume (CTV) were 68Gy(w) and 44Gy(w), respectively. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Histopathologic lesions in conventional pigs experimentally infected with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5.

PubMed

Palzer, A; Austin-Busse, R-L; Ladinig, A; Balka, G; Zoels, S; Ritzmann, M

2015-01-01

In the present study various tissues of pigs were investigated for the presence of histopathologic lesions after an experimental infection with Haemophilus (H.) parasuis serovar 5. Conventional pigs (n = 36) were divided into a control group B (n = 9) and a challenge group A (n = 27), which was infected intratracheally. Pigs that did not die prior to study termination were euthanized on day 14 post inoculation. Postmortem samples of the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, left tarsal joint capsule and brain were collected. All but one pig with detectable histopathologic lesions (n = 11) showed typical macroscopic changes. Histopathologic examination of all tissue samples identified pyelitis (n = 10), synovitis (n = 7) and meningitis (n = 7) and all those animals were euthanized prior to study termination. No histopathologic lesions were found in pigs of the control group. The correlations between pyelitis and meningitis, pyelitis and synovitis and synovitis and meningitis were significant (p < 0.001). No significant correlation could be observed between the histopathologic and the clinical examination of the joints. The investigation of samples from the joints by PCR was not significantly correlated with the observed synovitis. The clinical observation of neurologic signs was significantly correlated with meningitis (p = 0.03). A significant correlation (p < 0.001) could be detected between meningitis and the detection of H. parasuis by PCR in brain samples. H. parasuis constantly causes clinical signs and pathologic lesions as soon as it infects the brain while it can infect the joints without causing histopathologic lesions. Pigs with histopathologic lesions do not always show typical clinical signs. Only few studies described the finding of kidney lesions in pigs with Glässer's disease and this is the first study to describe a pyelitis in pigs experimentally infected with H. parasuis. The observed pyelitis mainly occurred in acute cases.

Volumetric Optical Frequency Domain Imaging of Pulmonary Pathology With Precise Correlation to Histopathology

PubMed Central

Hariri, Lida P.; Applegate, Matthew B.; Mino-Kenudson, Mari; Mark, Eugene J.; Medoff, Benjamin D.; Luster, Andrew D.; Bouma, Brett E.; Tearney, Guillermo J.

2013-01-01

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Radiology and bronchoscopy techniques do not have the necessary resolution to evaluate lung lesions on the microscopic scale, which is critical for diagnosis. Bronchial biopsy specimens can be limited by sampling error and small size. Optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) provides volumetric views of tissue microstructure at near-histologic resolution and may be useful for evaluating pulmonary lesions to increase diagnostic accuracy. Bronchoscopic OFDI has been evaluated in vivo, but a lack of correlated histopathology has limited the ability to develop accurate image interpretation criteria. Methods: We performed OFDI through two approaches (airway-centered and parenchymal imaging) in 22 ex vivo lung specimens, using tissue dye to precisely correlate imaging and histology. Results: OFDI of normal airway allowed visualization of epithelium, lamina propria, cartilage, and alveolar attachments. Carcinomas exhibited architectural disarray, loss of normal airway and alveolar structure, and rapid light attenuation. Squamous cell carcinomas showed nested architecture. Atypical glandular formation was appreciated in adenocarcinomas, and uniform trabecular gland formation was seen in salivary gland carcinomas. Mucinous adenocarcinomas showed alveolar wall thickening with intraalveolar mucin. Interstitial fibrosis was visualized as signal-dense tissue, with an interstitial distribution in mild interstitial fibrotic disease and a diffuse subpleural pattern with cystic space formation in usual interstitial pneumonitis. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first demonstration of volumetric OFDI with precise correlation to histopathology in lung pathology. We anticipate that OFDI may play a role in assessing airway and parenchymal pathology, providing fresh insights into the volumetric features of pulmonary disease. PMID:22459781

Primary Acquired Melanosis: Clinical, Histopathologic and Optical Coherence Tomographic Correlation

PubMed Central

Alzahrani, Yahya A.; Kumar, Smita; Abdul Aziz, Hassan; Plesec, Thomas; Singh, Arun D.

2016-01-01

Aim To assess the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an adjuvant diagnostic tool in primary acquired melanosis (PAM) by correlating clinical, histopathologic and anterior segment OCT findings. Methods Twenty-four patients (24 eyes) with PAM of the conjunctiva, cornea or both were imaged with an anterior segment OCT device (RTVue, model-RT100; Optovue Inc., Fremont, Calif., USA). Results Histopathologic diagnosis following excisional or incisional biopsy was confirmed in 13 out of 24 patients (54.6%). OCT images showed a characteristic uniformly thick basal epithelial hyperreflective band (about 20 μm thick) and normal thickness of the overlying epithelial layer in all patients (100%). The hyperreflective band on OCT correlated with the basal epithelial melanocytic pigmentation noted on histopathologic examination but did not vary in thickness between cases with or without atypia. Conclusions The characteristic basal epithelial hyperreflective band with normal overlying epithelium in the absence of cysts observed in all cases by anterior segment OCT correlated with clinical and histopathologic features of conjunctival and corneal PAM. Anterior segment OCT may be helpful as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for PAM. Improvement in resolution is necessary to detect melanocytic hyperplasia and aytpia suggestive of malignant potential. PMID:27390743

Swept-source optical coherence tomography of lower limb wound healing with histopathological correlation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barui, Ananya; Banerjee, Provas; Patra, Rusha; Das, Raunak Kumar; Dhara, Santanu; Dutta, Pranab K.; Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy

2011-02-01

Direct noninvasive visualization of wound bed with depth information is important to understand the tissue repair. We correlate skin swept-source-optical coherence tomography (OCT) with histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation on traumatic lower limb wounds under honey dressing to compare and assess the tissue repair features acquired noninvasively and invasively. Analysis of optical biopsy identifies an uppermost brighter band for stratum corneum with region specific thickness (p < 0.0001) and gray-level intensity (p < 0.0001) variation. Below the stratum corneum, variation in optical intensities is remarkable in different regions of the wound bed. Correlation between OCT and microscopic observations are explored especially in respect to progressive growth and maturation of the epithelial and subepithelial components. Characteristic transition of uniform hypolucid band in OCT image for depigmented zone to wavy highly lucid band in the pigmented zone could be directly correlated with the microscopic findings. The transformation of prematured epithelium of depigmented area, with low expression of E-cadherin, to matured epithelium with higher E-cadherin expression in pigmented zone, implicated plausible change in their optical properties as depicted in OCT. This correlated evaluation of multimodal images demonstrates applicability of swept-source-OCT in wound research and importance of integrated approach in validation of new technology.

The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology in Colombia: Correlation with histopathological diagnoses in oncology and non-oncology institutions

PubMed Central

Melo-Uribe, Mario Alexander; Sanabria, Álvaro; Romero-Rojas, Alfredo; Pérez, Gabriel; Vargas, Elga Johanna; Abaúnza, María Claudia; Gutiérrez, Víctor

2015-01-01

Aim: To determine the correlation between the results of thyroid fine-needle aspirations interpreted using the Bethesda system and final histopathological reports for patients at an oncology hospital (OH) and non-oncology hospitals (NOHs). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed to compare the cytology and histopathology results for patients with thyroid nodules in three Colombian hospitals. The final correlation of diagnoses between the two methods is reported. In Colombia, the health system provides the existence of general care hospitals and hospitals specializing in care of patients with cancer. Results: A total of 196 reports were reviewed, of which 53% were from OH and 47% were from NOHs. A greater proportion of category V (37.5%) was diagnosed at the OH, whereas NOHs diagnosed a greater proportion of category II (42.3%). The global correlation between diagnoses made using cytology and histopathology was 93.3% for categories V and VI (based on the final malignant diagnosis) and 86.9% for benign category II. Significant differences between institution types were observed when category IV and V and malignant histopathology were compared (56.3% OH vs. 23.5% NOH; P = 0.05 for category IV, 97.4% OH vs. 82.3% NOH; P = 0.03 for category V), while no significant difference between institution types was observed when category II and final benign diagnosis were compared (P = 0.6). Conclusions: The Bethesda system for thyroid cytology correlates adequately with final histopathological diagnosis in Colombia. Significant differences were identified in the diagnostic correlation for malignant lesions between the OH and NOHs in categories IV and V caused by selection bias of the population. PMID:25948937

Ex-vivo Assessment of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Correlation with Histopathology

PubMed Central

Gomes, Everli P. S. Gonçalves; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo; Azevedo, Clerio F.; Lemos, Pedro A.; Gutierrez, Paulo Sampaio; César, Luiz Antonio M.

2014-01-01

Introduction: In recent years, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a very promising technique for studying atherosclerotic disease in humans. Aim: In the present study we sought to determine whether MRI allowed for the morphological characterization of the coronary vessel wall and atherosclerotic plaques using histopathological assessment as the reference standard. Methods: The study population consisted of 13 patients who died of acute myocardial infarction and underwent autopsy. The proximal portions of the coronary arteries were excised and were evaluated both by MRI and by histopathology. For each arterial segment, the following parameters were calculated through manual planimetry: 1. total vessel area (TVA); 2. luminal area (LA) and 3. plaque area (PA). Results: A total of 207 coronary artery cross-sections were found to be suitable for analysis by both MRI and histopathology and were included in the final analyses. Both methods demonstrated moderate to good agreement for the quantification of TVA (mean difference = 2.4±2.4 mm2, 95‰ limits of agreement from -2.4 to +7.2 mm2; CCC = 0.69, 95‰ CI from 0.63 to 0.75), LA (mean difference = 0.0±1.7 mm2, 95‰ limits of agreement from -3.3 to + 3.3 mm2; CCC = 0.84, 95‰ CI from 0.80 to 0.88) and PA (mean difference = 2.4±2.4 mm2, 95‰ limits of agreement from -2.3 to + 7.1 mm2; CCC = 0.64, 95‰ CI from 0.58 to 0.71). Conclusion: In this ex vivo experimental model we demonstrated good agreement between coronary artery morphometrical measurements obtained by high-resolution MRI and by histopathology. PMID:24847387

Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans: Correlation Between Histopathology and MRI.

PubMed

Zbojniewicz, Andrew M; Stringer, Keith F; Laor, Tal; Wall, Eric J

2015-07-01

The objective of our study was to correlate specimens of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the knee to MRI examinations to elucidate the histopathologic basis of characteristic imaging features. Five children (three boys and two girls; age range, 12-13 years old) who underwent transarticular biopsy of juvenile OCD lesions of the knee were retrospectively included in this study. Two radiologists reviewed the MRI examinations and a pathologist reviewed the histopathologic specimens and recorded characteristic features. Digital specimen photographs were calibrated to the size of the respective MR image with the use of a reference scale. Photographs were rendered semitransparent and over-laid onto the MR image with the location chosen on the basis of the site of the prior biopsy. A total of seven biopsy specimens were included. On MRI, all lesions showed cystlike foci in the subchondral bone, bone marrow edema pattern on proton density-or T2-weighted images, and relatively thick unossified epiphyseal cartilage. In four patients, a laminar signal intensity pattern was seen, and two patients had multiple breaks in the subchondral bone plate. Fibrovascular tissue was found at histopathology in all patients. Cleft spaces near the cartilage-bone interface and were seen in all patients while chondrocyte cloning was present in most cases. Focal bone necrosis and inflammation were infrequent MRI findings. Precise correlation of the MRI appearance to the histopathologic overlays consistently was found. A direct correlation exists between the histopathologic findings and the MRI features in patients with juvenile OCD. Additional studies are needed to correlate these MRI features with juvenile OCD healing success rates.

Comparative Confocal and Histopathological Study of Corneal Changes in Multiple Myeloma.

PubMed

Micali, Antonio; Roszkowska, Anna M; Postorino, Elisa I; Rania, Laura; Aragona, Emanuela; Wylegala, Edward; Nowinska, Anna; Ieni, Antonio; Calimeri, Sebastiano; Pisani, Antonina; Aragona, Pasquale; Puzzolo, Domenico

2017-01-01

Corneal opacities rarely occur in multiple myeloma (MM). Our study correlates the findings of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), a useful diagnostic tool, with histopathological features of corneal opacities appearing in a patient with MM. Case report. A 53-year-old man developed corneal opacities in both eyes, more pronounced in the left eye. After IVCM examination, he underwent penetrating keratoplasty in the left eye, and the button was processed for light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis of MM was made, as confirmed by the elevation of IgGk light chains. IVCM demonstrated hyperreflective areas at the epithelial level, hyperreflective keratocytes of dendritic and lamellar morphology in whole stroma, and hyperreflective endothelial cells. Histopathological examination disclosed many vacuoles in the epithelial cell cytoplasm and a homogenous granular material in the Bowman layer. In stroma, keratocytes of different shape and size, with vesicles laden with an abnormal material, were evident. In Descemet membrane, the posterior nonbanded zone had a honeycomb appearance because of the presence of many roundish spaces among wide-spaced collagen fibers. Endothelial cells demonstrated vesicles filled with a material of uneven electron density. Immunohistochemical analysis showed strong positivity for IgGk light chains in keratocytes and among stromal lamellae. This is the first study describing a correspondence between IVCM features and histopathological alterations observed in corneal opacities in MM. The results of this study improve the current understanding of the pictures obtained by IVCM studies.

[Gallbladder polyps: correlation between ultrasonographic and histopathological findings].

PubMed

Escalona, Alex; León, Francisca; Bellolio, Felipe; Pimentel, Fernando; Guajardo, Matías; Gennero, Rubén; Cruz, Juan Pablo; Viviani, Paola; Ibáñez, Luis

2006-10-01

Gallbladder polyps are becoming a common finding. The management of these polyps is complicated considering that they can bear malignant lesions. To analyze the ultrasonographic and histopathologic findings of patients operated due to gallbladder polyps. The records of patients with ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder polyp and that underwent cholecystectomy in a thirteen years period were reviewed, collecting their demographic, ultrasonographic and histopathological data. One hundred and twenty three patients were operated. The mean age was 44+/-13 years, and 69% were women. The mean size of polyps in ultrasonography was 7.3+/-5 mm. Histopathology confirmed the presence of polyps in 79% of patients, with a mean size and number of lesions of 5.1+/-3.8 mm and 2.1+/-2, respectively. Nine percent of polyps were greater than 10 mm, and single polyps were significantly larger than the multiple ones (p =0.003). Four cases of adenoma (3.2%) were diagnosed; one of them had in situ carcinoma. All were single and larger than 10 mm. We found a significant correlation between ultrasonographic and histopathological polyp size determination (r =0.47; p =0.002). Polyp size was also a predictor of the presence of adenoma (p =0.043; confidence intervals: 1.006-1.424). There is a good correlation between the size of the gallbladder polyp in ultrasonography and the size in the histopathology report. Gallbladder adenoma is uncommon and it correlates with the size of the polyp. In this series, size was the only predictor of the presence of adenoma.

Feasibility of in situ, high-resolution correlation of tracer uptake with histopathology by quantitative autoradiography of biopsy specimens obtained under 18F-FDG PET/CT guidance.

PubMed

Fanchon, Louise M; Dogan, Snjezana; Moreira, Andre L; Carlin, Sean A; Schmidtlein, C Ross; Yorke, Ellen; Apte, Aditya P; Burger, Irene A; Durack, Jeremy C; Erinjeri, Joseph P; Maybody, Majid; Schöder, Heiko; Siegelbaum, Robert H; Sofocleous, Constantinos T; Deasy, Joseph O; Solomon, Stephen B; Humm, John L; Kirov, Assen S

2015-04-01

Core biopsies obtained using PET/CT guidance contain bound radiotracer and therefore provide information about tracer uptake in situ. Our goal was to develop a method for quantitative autoradiography of biopsy specimens (QABS), to use this method to correlate (18)F-FDG tracer uptake in situ with histopathology findings, and to briefly discuss its potential application. Twenty-seven patients referred for a PET/CT-guided biopsy of (18)F-FDG-avid primary or metastatic lesions in different locations consented to participate in this institutional review board-approved study, which complied with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Autoradiography of biopsy specimens obtained using 5 types of needles was performed immediately after extraction. The response of autoradiography imaging plates was calibrated using dummy specimens with known activity obtained using 2 core-biopsy needle sizes. The calibration curves were used to quantify the activity along biopsy specimens obtained with these 2 needles and to calculate the standardized uptake value, SUVARG. Autoradiography images were correlated with histopathologic findings and fused with PET/CT images demonstrating the position of the biopsy needle within the lesion. Logistic regression analysis was performed to search for an SUVARG threshold distinguishing benign from malignant tissue in liver biopsy specimens. Pearson correlation between SUVARG of the whole biopsy specimen and average SUVPET over the voxels intersected by the needle in the fused PET/CT image was calculated. Activity concentrations were obtained using autoradiography for 20 specimens extracted with 18- and 20-gauge needles. The probability of finding malignancy in a specimen is greater than 50% (95% confidence) if SUVARG is greater than 7.3. For core specimens with preserved shape and orientation and in the absence of motion, one can achieve autoradiography, CT, and PET image registration with spatial accuracy better than 2 mm. The correlation coefficient between the mean specimen SUVARG and SUVPET was 0.66. Performing QABS on core-biopsy specimens obtained using PET/CT guidance enables in situ correlation of (18)F-FDG tracer uptake and histopathology on a millimeter scale. QABS promises to provide useful information for guiding interventional radiology procedures and localized therapies and for in situ high-spatial-resolution validation of radiopharmaceutical uptake. © 2015 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

Oral submucous fibrosis: A clinico-histopathological correlational study.

PubMed

Biradar, Sudharani Basawaraj; Munde, Anita Dnyanoba; Biradar, Basawaraj Chanabasappa; Shaik, Safia Shoeb; Mishra, Shweta

2018-01-01

The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical staging (clinical severity) with the histopathological staging (histopathological changes) of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients, which would further assist the clinicians to formulate a definite treatment plan. The study group consisted of 50 subjects who were clinically and histologically diagnosed as OSF. Detailed information was gathered in a pretested proforma with emphasis on the various addictions. The clinical findings were noted; punch biopsy was performed followed by histological examination. Clinical and histological staging were divided into four stages, as Stages I-IV according to Khanna and Andrade classification. The 50 subjects were in the age range of 18-70 years, of which 20 patients were in clinical Group III, 15 were in histopathological stage III, 2, 1, and 2 in Stage II, Stage I, and Stage IV, respectively, out of 5 patients in clinical Group IV, 4 were in histopathological staging IV and 1 was in Stage III, out of 5 patients in clinical Group I, 3 and 2 were in histologic Stages II and I, respectively. Statistical analysis with Chi-square test showed high significance with P < 0.001. The correlation of clinical and histopathological staging was found to be highly significant, thus suggesting that the subject with clinically advanced OSF had extensive fibrosis histologically.

Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Masquerading Cns Lymphoma on FDG PET-CT in Post Renal Transplant Patient

PubMed Central

Mukherjee, Anirban; Bal, Chandrasekhar; Tripathi, Madhavi; Das, Chandan Jyoti; Shamim, Shamim Ahmed

2017-01-01

20 year old post renal transplant patient developed recurrent episodes of seizure. MRI revealed focal lesion in right parieto-occipital lobe with perilesional edema. FDG PET-CT revealed multiple hypermetabolic lesions in bilateral cerebral hemisphere. Subsequent biopsy from the lesion demonstrated bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii with inflammatory cells and thereby, a confirmatory diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis was made. This case demonstrates the fact that increased FDG uptake in cerebral lesions in post transplant patient should be interpreted with caution and confirmed with histopathological correlation. PMID:28533649

Reflectance confocal microscopy of cutaneous melanoma. Correlation with dermoscopy and histopathology*

PubMed Central

Rstom, Silvia Arroyo; Libório, Lorena Silva; Paschoal, Francisco Macedo

2015-01-01

In vivo Confocal Microscopy is a method for non-invasive, real-time visualization of microscopic structures and cellular details of the epidermis and dermis, which has a degree of resolution similar to that obtained with histology. We present a case of cutaneous melanoma in which diagnosis was aided by confocal microscopy examination. We also correlate the observed features with the dermoscopic and histopathological findings. Confocal microscopy proved to be an useful adjunct to dermoscopy, playing an important role as a method 'between clinical evaluation and histopathology'. PMID:26131877

Correlation between clinical and histopathological diagnoses in periapical inflammatory lesions.

PubMed

Diegues, Liliane Lopes; Colombo Robazza, Carlos Roberto; Costa Hanemann, João Adolfo; Costa Pereira, Alessandro Antônio; Silva, Cléverson O

2011-08-01

  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of periapical inflammatory lesions, focusing mainly on cystic conditions.   Files dating from 1998 to 2006 at the Oral Pathology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Alfenas Federal University, Brazil, were reviewed to identify cases with histopathological diagnoses of periapical inflammatory lesions. A total of 1788 files were analyzed, and 255 cases were identified with clinical diagnoses of periapical inflammatory lesions.   The most prevalent clinical diagnosis was apical periodontal cyst (59%), followed by periapical granuloma (20%), and dentoalveolar abscess (2%). After histopathological analysis, 53% of the cases represented apical periodontal cyst, 42% periapical granuloma, and 5% dentoalveolar abscess.   The outcomes of the present study show a high prevalence of periapical cysts among periapical inflammatory lesions. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of histopathological evaluation for the correct diagnosis of periapical inflammatory lesions. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Correlation between preoperative tomographic staging and definitive histopathologic results in gastric cancer at the Hospital Central Militar.

PubMed

López-Ramírez, M A; Lever-Rosas, C D; Motta-Ramírez, G A; Rebollo-Hurtado, V; Guzmán-Bárcenas, J; Fonseca-Morales, J V; Carreño-Lomeli, M A

In relation to the number of new cases diagnosed, gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide, and the second cause of cancer death. The development of multidetector tomography has improved the preoperative staging of gastric cancer. To correlate preoperative tomographic studies with the definitive pathologic results according to the TNM staging system. A retrospective, cross-sectional study within the time frame of January 2009 to December 2013 was conducted that included the case records of 67 patients. They all had upper endoscopy and preoperative multidetector tomography examinations, underwent surgical resection, and had the corresponding histopathology study. Statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS version 15.0 software and the sensitivity and specificity calculations were made using the Excel 2011 program for Mac. The majority of the patients included in the case series had clinical stage iii and iv disease. When compared with the histopathologic result, the overall accuracy of multidetector CT was 83% (T0 96%, T1 94%, T2 93%, T3 67%, and T4 67%) for tumor size (T) and was 70% (N0 72%, N1 73%, N2 70%, and N3 66%) for lymph node involvement (N). Overall sensitivity was 48% (T0 100%, T1 0%, T2 33%, T3 44%, and T4 65%) for T and was 41% (N0 58%, N1 56%, N2 15%, and N3 35%) for N. A strong association between the multidetector CT results and the pathology results was demonstrated through the Spearman's correlation, especially in T4 and N3. Multidetector computed tomography showed greater congruency in detecting stages T4, N0, and N3 in gastric cancer, when compared with the definitive histopathologic results. Copyright © 2017 Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. Publicado por Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Clinico-pathological study to evaluate oral lichen planus for the establishment of clinical and histopathological diagnostic criteria.

PubMed

Hiremath, Santhosh; Kale, Alka D; Hallikerimath, Seema

2015-01-01

Lichen planus and lichenoid lesions affecting the oral cavity show similar clinico-pathological features creating a diagnostic dilemma. Hence, the aim of the present study was to establish a clinical and histopathological correlation in the diagnosis of oral lichen planus, based on the modified WHO diagnostic criteria of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions proposed by Van der Meij and Van der Waal in 2003. In the present study, 100 cases of oral lichen planus were clinically and histopathologically analyzed. Out of the 100 cases, 50 were prospective and 50 were retrospective cases. Prospective cases were collected based on the clinical diagnosis of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesion. Retrospective cases were collected based on the histopathological diagnosis of oral lichen planus. Both the clinical and histopathological analyses were performed based on a proposal for a set of modified diagnostic criteria of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesion. A final diagnosis of oral lichen planus was made only after the correlation of the clinical diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis. The interobserver agreement among three observers for both prospective and retrospective cases in the final diagnosis of oral lichen planus was found to be "good" to "very good" indicating high reproducibility. However, the final diagnoses of true oral lichen planus after clinico-pathological correlation in prospective and retrospective study groups appeared to be 38.0% and 54.0% respectively. The results of the present study revealed mild to moderate clinico-pathological correlation in the final diagnosis of oral lichen planus for the prospective and retrospective study groups respectively.

Precise correlation of histopathological and fluorescein angiographic morphology using retinal vascular casting.

PubMed

Bek, T; Prause, J U

1996-12-01

The histopathology of three eyes obtained post mortem from 2 patients with age-related macular degeneration was correlated with the pre mortem fluorescein angiographic morphology. A precise point-by-point correlation between histopathology and the corresponding angiographic appearance was ensured by using the cast retinal vascular system as a pattern of reference. The study showed that both the photoreceptors, the pigment epithelium, and substances accumulated between the retinal and the choroidal vascular systems, may have a blocking effect on choroidal background fluorescence as seen on fluorescein angiograms. Furthermore, it is confirmed that fluorescein angiographic hyperfluorescence may be due to a lack of blocking of the choroidal fluorescence because of a window defect in the retinal photoreceptor layer and/or the pigment epithelium.

Clinicopathologic Correlation of Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Lesions: A Preliminary Study

PubMed Central

Mravak-Stipetić, Marinka; Lončar-Brzak, Božana; Bakale-Hodak, Iva; Seiwerth, Sven; Majstorović, Martina; Grce, Magdalena

2014-01-01

Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are clinically and histologically similar lesions but their treatment planning and prognosis are different. The review of the literature indicates numerous criteria to distinguish these two lesions; however there is a lot of inconsistency. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the correlation of histopathology and clinical OLP and OLL diagnosis and to clarify which histopathologic criteria could best distinguish these two diagnoses. A retrospective study showed that clinically diagnosed 92 OLPs and 14 OLLs have been confirmed histopathologically in 52.2% and 42.9% of cases, respectively. In addition, histopathology showed statistically significant more eosinophils (P < 0.0005), plasma cells (P < 0.0005), and granulocytes (P < 0.05) in OLL than OLP. To establish histopathological diagnosis of OLP and OLL it should be mandatory to define the type of cells in mononuclear infiltrate, which can be associated more accurately with clinical feature and patient history. Therefore, currently accepted diagnostic criteria for OLP and OLL should be modified and validated on a larger number of patients taking into account particular distinguishing histopathological features. PMID:25531004

In Vivo High-Frequency, Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of Uveal Melanoma in Mice: Imaging Features and Histopathologic Correlations

PubMed Central

Zhang, Qing; Yang, Hua; Kang, Shin J.; Wang, Yanggan; Wang, Geoffrey D.; Coulthard, Tonya

2011-01-01

Purpose. To evaluate the usefulness of in vivo imaging of uveal melanoma in mice using high-frequency contrast-enhanced ultrasound (HF-CE-US) with 2D or 3D modes and to correlate the sonographic findings with histopathologic characteristics. Methods. Fourteen 12-week-old C57BL6 mice were inoculated into their right eyes with aliquots of 5 × 105/2.5 μL B16LS9 melanoma cells and were randomly assigned to either of two groups. At 7 days after inoculation, tumor-bearing eyes in group 1 (n = 8) were imaged using HF-CE-US to determine the 2D tumor size and relative blood volume; eyes in group 2 (n = 6) were imaged by 3D microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and the tumor volume was determined. Histologic tumor burden was quantified in enucleated eyes by image processing software, and microvascular density was determined by counting von Willebrand factor-positive vascular channels. Ultrasound images were evaluated and compared with histopathologic findings. Results. Using HF-CE-US, melanomas were visualized as relatively hyperechoic regions. The intraobserver variability of sonographic measurements was 9.65% ± 7.89%, and the coefficient of variation for multiple measurements was 7.33% ± 5.71%. The correlation coefficient of sonographic volume or size and histologic area was 0.71 (P = 0.11) and 0.79 (P = 0.32). The relative blood volume within the tumor demonstrated sonographically correlated significantly with histologic tumor vascularity (r = 0.83; P < 0.001). Conclusions. There was a positive linear correlation between sonographic tumor measurements and histologic tumor burden in the mouse ocular melanoma model. Contrast-enhanced intensity corresponded with microvascular density and blood volume. HF-CE-US is a real-time, noninvasive, reliable method for in vivo evaluation of experimental intraocular melanoma tumor area and relative blood volume. PMID:21245408

Specificity of the histopathological triad for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis: polymerase chain reaction study.

PubMed

Lin, M H; Kuo, T T

2001-08-01

Toxoplasmosis is a common cause of lymphadenopathy, but toxoplasmic cysts are not usually found in histological sections used for establishing diagnosis, except on extremely rare occasions. The histopathological triad of florid reactive follicular hyperplasia, clusters of epithelioid histiocytes, and focal sinusoidal distention by monocytoid B cells has been considered to be diagnostic of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis, but the validity of the histopathological triad is based indirectly on serological correlation only. The demonstration of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in lymph nodes displaying the histopathological triad will indicate the validity of the histopathological triad as the criterion for the histopathological diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis. We used frozen tissues of 12 lymph nodes with the histopathological triad and tissues of 27 lymph nodes from patients with various other conditions (including 13 cases of follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, FLH; three cases of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, DPL; two cases of plasmacytosis; two cases of Castleman's disease; two cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma; and five cases of lymphoma) to detect T. gondii DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Ten out of 12 lymph nodes with the triad and six out of 27 lymph nodes without the triad were positive for T. gondii DNA. Thus, the sensitivity of the triad was 62.5% (10/16) and the specificity was 91.3% (21/23). The predictive value of positive tests was 83.3% (10/12) and the predictive value of negative tests was 77.7% (21/27). The six cases positive for T. gondii DNA without the triad were four cases of FLH, one case of DPL, and one case of plasmacytosis. None of the neoplastic diseases was positive. The false positive and negative cases could be due to sampling problems or past T. gondii infection. The results confirm that the histopathological triad is highly specific for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis and can be used confidently.

The metaplastic variant of Warthin tumor of the parotid gland: dynamic multislice computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings with histopathologic correlation in a case.

PubMed

Yerli, Hasan; Avci, Suat; Aydin, Erdinc; Arikan, Unser

2010-03-01

Metaplastic Warthin tumor is a rarely seen subtype of Warthin tumor. It can resemble squamous carcinomas histopathologically, because it contains atypical squamous cells on the necrotic surface. Making a diagnosis can become easier by knowing this entity of Warthin tumor well and by correlating the radiologic findings with pathology. In this case presentation, imaging features of a metaplastic Warthin tumor are presented together with its histopathologic findings. When a solid mass with peripheral enhancing cystic-necrotic component and well defined contour and capsule that shows early enhancement and washout is identified with imaging methods in parotid gland, metaplastic Warthin tumor should be indicated in the differential diagnosis before the histopathologic evaluation. Copyright 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Magnetic resonance imaging-based cerebral tissue classification reveals distinct spatiotemporal patterns of changes after stroke in non-human primates.

PubMed

Bouts, Mark J R J; Westmoreland, Susan V; de Crespigny, Alex J; Liu, Yutong; Vangel, Mark; Dijkhuizen, Rick M; Wu, Ona; D'Arceuil, Helen E

2015-12-15

Spatial and temporal changes in brain tissue after acute ischemic stroke are still poorly understood. Aims of this study were three-fold: (1) to determine unique temporal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns at the acute, subacute and chronic stages after stroke in macaques by combining quantitative T2 and diffusion MRI indices into MRI 'tissue signatures', (2) to evaluate temporal differences in these signatures between transient (n = 2) and permanent (n = 2) middle cerebral artery occlusion, and (3) to correlate histopathology findings in the chronic stroke period to the acute and subacute MRI derived tissue signatures. An improved iterative self-organizing data analysis algorithm was used to combine T2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps across seven successive timepoints (1, 2, 3, 24, 72, 144, 240 h) which revealed five temporal MRI signatures, that were different from the normal tissue pattern (P < 0.001). The distribution of signatures between brains with permanent and transient occlusions varied significantly between groups (P < 0.001). Qualitative comparisons with histopathology revealed that these signatures represented regions with different histopathology. Two signatures identified areas of progressive injury marked by severe necrosis and the presence of gitter cells. Another signature identified less severe but pronounced neuronal and axonal degeneration, while the other signatures depicted tissue remodeling with vascular proliferation and astrogliosis. These exploratory results demonstrate the potential of temporally and spatially combined voxel-based methods to generate tissue signatures that may correlate with distinct histopathological features. The identification of distinct ischemic MRI signatures associated with specific tissue fates may further aid in assessing and monitoring the efficacy of novel pharmaceutical treatments for stroke in a pre-clinical and clinical setting.

Grover Disease With Epidermal Dysmaturation Pattern: a Common Histopathologic Finding.

PubMed

Aljarbou, Ohoud Z; Asgari, Masoud; Al-Saidi, Nagla; Silloca-Cabana, Elizabeth O; Alathamneh, Mamoun; Sangueza, Omar

2018-02-06

Grover disease is an entity whose diagnosis is based on clinicopathologic correlation. Histopathologically, focal acantholysis is the most common finding. In some cases, there is prominent squamous atypia which can prove to be very challenging and the lesion may be confused with an epidermal neoplasm. To report on atypical histopathological changes in Grover disease and to provide helpful clues to differentiate between the epidermal atypia seen in some cases of Grover disease and epithelial neoplasms. We analyzed 33 cases of Grover disease histologically diagnosed at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, NC, between 2011 and 2017. Atypical changes in keratinocytes were defined as epithelial buds, nuclear pleomorphism, and dyskeratosis in all layers of epidermis or altered granular layer. Twenty cases (64%) showed foci with alteration of the normal keratinocytic maturation, whereas 18 cases demonstrated nuclear pleomorphism. Buds of epithelial cells emanating from the basal layer of the epidermis and granular cell alteration was present in 19 cases. The findings especially the presence of an altered granular layer may represent a diagnostic clue in cases of Grover disease with atypical changes.

Clinico-Histopathological Spectrum of Infectious Granulomatous Dermatoses in Western India- A Representative Study from Mumbai.

PubMed

Grover, Sumit; Agale, Shubhangi Vinayak; D'Costa, Grace F; Valand, Arvind G; Gupta, Vikram Kumar

2016-04-01

Infectious Granulomatous Dermatoses (IGDS) have various aetiological factors with a considerable overlap in the histopathological and clinical features, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma for dermatologists and pathologists. We aimed at determining the histopathological profile of IGDS correlating it with clinical features with an attempt to find the aetiology. In a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary referral center of Mumbai over two years, out of 1872 skin biopsies received, 239 histopathologically diagnosed cases of IGDS were studied for histopathological features of granuloma. A clinico-histopathological correlation was attempted. Chi-square test was used for comparison of proportions of different groups. Leprosy (211 cases) and tuberculosis (28 cases) were the commonest histopathologically diagnosed IGDS. Leprosy spectrum included BT (30.33% cases), followed by TT (21.32%), BL and LL and 21.79% cases of lepra reactions. Skin TB biopsies on histopathology showed lupus vulgaris (53.85% cases), scrofuloderma (15.38%), TBVC and papulonecrotic tuberculid (11.54% each). In leprosy maximum clinico-pathological agreement was seen at tuberculoid pole (TT 72.7% and BT 56.6%). Among tuberculosis cases, scrofuloderma (100%) and lupus vulgaris (53.8%) showed maximum agreement. Leprosy and skin TB are the commonest IGDS in Mumbai region though difficult to diagnose and subcategorize with certainty during initial stages. Histopathology plays the important role to elucidate the dilemma. This being a single center study, more such studies with a larger sample size are recommended to get more elaborate data and regional prevalence of these IGDS for a better overall approach to prevention, treatment and control.

Paratesticular Liposarcoma: A Radiologic Pathologic Correlation

PubMed Central

Pergel, Ahmet; Yucel, Ahmet Fikret; Aydin, Ibrahim; Sahin, Dursun Ali; Gucer, Hasan; Kocakusak, Ahmet

2011-01-01

Spermatic cord liposarcoma is an uncommon paratesticular tumor. Patients usually present with a painless scrotal or inguinal mass, mimicking inguinal hernia. Clinical examination suggested an inguinal hernia. Computed tomography demonstrated a fat-containing mass in the right inguinal region. The mass was surgically removed, along with the right testis and spermatic cord. Histopathological examination revealed a well-differentiated liposarcoma. No evidence of recurrence or metastases has been noted during the two-year follow-up with postoperative adjuvant therapy. PMID:22267992

Paratesticular liposarcoma: a radiologic pathologic correlation.

PubMed

Pergel, Ahmet; Yucel, Ahmet Fikret; Aydin, Ibrahim; Sahin, Dursun Ali; Gucer, Hasan; Kocakusak, Ahmet

2011-01-01

Spermatic cord liposarcoma is an uncommon paratesticular tumor. Patients usually present with a painless scrotal or inguinal mass, mimicking inguinal hernia. Clinical examination suggested an inguinal hernia. Computed tomography demonstrated a fat-containing mass in the right inguinal region. The mass was surgically removed, along with the right testis and spermatic cord. Histopathological examination revealed a well-differentiated liposarcoma. No evidence of recurrence or metastases has been noted during the two-year follow-up with postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Histopathology of the Exanthema in DRESS Is Not Specific but May Indicate Severity of Systemic Involvement.

PubMed

Gonçalo, Margarida M; Cardoso, José C; Gouveia, Miguel P; Coutinho, Inês; Gameiro, Ana R; Brites, Maria M; Tellechea, Óscar E

2016-06-01

Exanthema in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) has no specific clinical diagnostic hallmark and there are few histopathologic studies. The aim of this study was to describe dermal-epidermal histopathologic features in DRESS and correlate them with the culprit drug, viral reactivation, or systemic organ involvement. Skin biopsies were independently evaluated by 2 dermatopathologists who characterized the main histological patterns and scored dermal and epidermal changes, which were further correlated with clinical and laboratorial data. In 15 DRESS patients (9 male/6 female patients, mean age 53.3 years), the main observation was lymphocyte exocytosis (1.87 ± 1.25), spongiosis (0.93 ± 0.94), scattered keratinocyte necrosis (1.70 ± 1.44), basal cell vacuolization (2.13 ± 1.42), lymphocyte infiltration around dermal vessels (2.93 ± 0.92) or at the dermal-epidermal junction (2.07 ± 1.12), often with eosinophils and extravasated erythrocytes, swollen endothelial cells, and intravascular neutrophils but no vasculitis. Histopathologic patterns were classified mainly as spongiotic (5), erythema multiforme-like (3), or lichenoid (2). There was a significant positive correlation between the intensity of lymphocyte infiltration and the severity of hepatic cytolysis (r = 0.51; P < 0.05) and eosinophilia (r = 0.51; P < 0.05). No correlation was observed between the intensity and type of dermal inflammation and the degree of epidermal damage or the culprit drug. Human herpes virus type 6-positive patients had a pseudolymphomatous reaction or a perifollicular localization of the infiltrate. Histopathology in DRESS is variable with no specific diagnostic aspect, but there is a possible correlation between the intensity of the lymphocyte infiltrate and DRESS severity, namely, liver cytolysis.

Histopathological Evaluation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

PubMed

Mont, Michael A; Elmallah, Randa K; Cherian, Jeffrey J; Banerjee, Samik; Kapadia, Bhaveen H

2016-01-01

This study assessed gross and histopathological ACL changes in arthritic knees (n=174) undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Histopathological changes were assessed and graded as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or marked (3). These were correlated to demographic and clinical factors, and radiographic evaluations. The ACL was intact in 43, frayed in 85, torn in 15, and absent in 31 knees. Eighty-five percent had histological changes. Overall, there were significant associations between greater age and BMI, and histological changes. Grade IV knees had significantly greater calcium pyrophosphate deposits, microcyst formation, and number of pathologic changes. These correlations may aid decision-making when determining suitability for unicompartmental or bicruciate-retaining arthroplasties, though further studies should correlate these histological findings to mechanical and functional knee status. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diffusion weighted MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy findings of central neurocytoma with pathological correlation.

PubMed

Tlili-Graiess, Kalthoum; Mama, Nadia; Arifa, Nadia; Kadri, Khaled; Hasni, Ibtissem; Krifa, Hedi; Mokni, Moncef

2014-10-01

Three cases of histopathologically confirmed central neurocytoma (CN) are presented, emphasizing diagnostic imaging issues: conventional magnetic resonance imaging with Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings of CN. Patients age ranged from 17 to 32 years, Imaging include a CT scan and MR examination with DWI and proton MRS on a 1.5-T system. DWI and subsequent apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were obtained in all. Single voxel MRS was performed prior to surgery using a point resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) with short 35 ms and long echotime (TE) 144 ms, associated with a two-dimensional chemical Shift Imaging (2D-CSI) with 144 ms TE (one case). Histopathological examination included immunostaining with synaptophysin. With the long TE, a variable amount of glycine with markedly increased choline, very small to almost complete loss of N-acetylaspartate and creatine, and inverted triplet of alanine-lactate were observed in all three patients. Increased glutamate and glutamine complex (Glx) was also observed in all with short TE. DWI demonstrated variable low ADC which appeared well correlated with the tumor signal intensity and cell density: the most homogeneous and highly dense cellular tumor with increased nucleus to cytoplasm ratio demonstrated the lower ADC. Histological pattern was typical in two cases and demonstrated an oligodendroglioma-like pattern in one case. Positivity for synaptophysin confirmed the neuronal origin in all. The demonstration within an intraventricular tumor of both glycine and alanine on MRS along with high choline, bulky Glx and restricted diffusion appear diagnostic of CN. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Clinico-biochemical correlation to histological findings in alcoholic liver disease: a single centre study from eastern India.

PubMed

Ray, Sayantan; Khanra, Dibbendhu; Sonthalia, Nikhil; Kundu, Supratip; Biswas, Kaushik; Talukdar, Arunansu; Saha, Manjari; Bera, Himel

2014-10-01

Alcoholism is a health problem not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. Cirrhosis due to alcohol is a common cause of death among individuals abusing alcohol. A better knowledge of the spectrum of alcoholic liver diseases, its clinical, biochemical and histopathological features could result in early detection and prevention of alcoholic liver diseases before it's catastrophic and life threatening effects. A total of 200 patients with alcoholic liver diseases were studied with respect to alcohol consumption, clinical features, biochemical and histopathological changes. The clinical features, biochemical parameters, and histopathology of liver including Ishak's modified histological activity index (HAI) were correlated with the amount and duration of alcohol consumed. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 40-49 years and all the cases were males. Majority consumed alcohol of about 75-90 grams per day for a duration of 10-12 years. Anorexia and jaundice were the most common symptom and clinical finding respectively. Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia were the most common abnormalities observed in liver function tests. Advanced HAI stages with features of cirrhosis were most frequent histo-pathological finding noted in this study. Clinico-biochemical profile was significantly correlated with degree of alcohol ingestion as well as with liver histopathology. The wide prevalence of alcoholic liver disease including cirrhosis among Indian males was noted with significantly lower quantity and duration of alcohol ingestion. The severity of liver damage is directly proportional to the quantity and duration of alcohol consumed. Clinical features and biochemical changes may forecast the liver histopathology among the patients of alcoholic liver disease.

The first study on therapeutic efficacies of a vascular disrupting agent CA4P among primary hepatocellular carcinomas with a full spectrum of differentiation and vascularity: Correlation of MRI-microangiography-histopathology in rats.

PubMed

Liu, Yewei; De Keyzer, Frederik; Wang, Yixing; Wang, Fengna; Feng, Yuanbo; Chen, Feng; Yu, Jie; Liu, Jianjun; Song, Shaoli; Swinnen, Johan; Bormans, Guy; Oyen, Raymond; Huang, Gang; Ni, Yicheng

2018-04-29

To better inform the next clinical trials of vascular disrupting agent Combretastatin-A4-phosphate (CA4P) in patients with hepatic malignancies, this preclinical study aimed at evaluating CA4P therapeutic efficacy in rats with primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) of a full spectrum of differentiation and vascularity by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), microangiography and histopathology. Ninety-six HCCs were raised in 25 rats by diethylnitrosamine gavage. Tumor growth was monitored by T2-/T1-weighted-MRI (T2WI, T1WI) using a 3.0T scanner. Early vascular response and later intratumoral necrosis were detected by dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI) before, 1h and 12h after CA4P iv-administration. In-vivo MRI-findings were validated by postmortem-techniques. Multi-parametric MRI revealed rapid CA4P-induced tumor vascular shutdown within 1h, followed by variable intratumoral necrosis at 12h. Tumor volumes decreased by 10% at 1h (P<0.05), but resumed at 12h. Correlations of semi-quantitative DCE parameter initial-area-under-the-gadolinium-curve (IAUGC30) with histopathology proved partial vascular closure and compensational reopening (P<0.05). The higher grades of vascularity prevented those residual tumor tissues from CA4P-caused ischemic necrosis. By histopathology using a 4-scale cellular-differentiation criteria and a 4-grade tumor-vascularity classification, percentage of CA4P-induced necrosis negatively correlated with HCC differentiation (r=-0.404, P<0.001) and tumor vascularity (r=-0.370, P<0.001). Ordinal-logistic-regression helped to predict early tumor responses to CA4P in terms of tumoral differentiation and vascularity. This study demonstrated that CA4P could induce vascular shutdown in primary HCCs within 1h, resulting in various degrees of tumor necrosis at 12h. MRI as a real-time imaging biomarker may help to define tumor vascularity and differentiation and further to predict CA4P therapeutic outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2018 UICC.

Florid cemento osseous dysplasia in association with dentigerous cyst.

PubMed

Sanjai, Karpagaselvi; Kumarswamy, Jayalakshmi; Kumar, Vinod K; Patil, Archana

2010-07-01

We present a case of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia occurring in a 20-year-old Indian woman. The subject presented with three lesions involving the maxillary right quadrant, maxillary left quadrant and mandibular left quadrant. The mandibular left quadrant also demonstrated a cyst.The diagnosis was made by correlating the clinical presentation with that of the radiological and histopathological findings. This is a rare entity because of an unusual combination of Asian race along with the association of dentigerous cyst.

Comparison between nonspecific and necrosis-avid gadolinium contrast agents in vascular disrupting agent-induced necrosis of rodent tumors at 3.0T.

PubMed

Wang, Huaijun; Miranda Cona, Marlein; Chen, Feng; Li, Junjie; Yu, Jie; Feng, Yuanbo; Peeters, Ronald; De Keyzer, Frederik; Marchal, Guy; Ni, Yicheng

2011-09-01

: To compare a commercial contrast agent (CA) Dotarem and a necrosis-avid CA (NACA) for their ability to evaluate the therapeutic necrosis with a vascular disrupting agent (VDA) on magnetic resonance imaging in rodent liver tumors to determine which could better correlate with the histopathologic outcome. : After the VDA treatment, 16 rats with 32 liver rhabdomyosarcomas were randomized into Dotarem and NACA groups (n = 8 per group) for both interindividual and intraindividual comparisons. T2-weighted imaging, T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI), and diffusion-weighted imaging were performed at baseline, after VDA treatment and CA injections. The enhancing efficacy of CAs at immediate and delayed enhancement on CE-T1WI in viable tumor and necrosis was compared. Tumor necrosis ratios calculated from NACA and Dotarem were compared and correlated with gold-standard histopathology. : On the immediate CE-T1WI, viable tumor was enhanced by either CA. On the delayed CE-T1WI at 30 minutes, both CAs failed to demarcate viable tumor from necrosis. At 24 hours post-NACA, the necrosis was clearly distinguished from viable tumor and thus derived necrosis ratio matched that from histopathology (P = 0.99); necrosis ratio from Dotarem was significantly lower than that from NACA and histopathology (P < 0.05, both), with a higher correlation of NACA than that of Dotarem with histopathology (r = 0.99 vs. r = 0.82). : NACA better evaluated VDA-induced tumor necrosis than nonspecific CA on T1WI in tumor models of rat liver. NACA showed a closer correlation with histopathology than nonspecific CA for the delineation of true necrosis. Delayed enhancement on T1WI with nonspecific CA is not suitable for the assessment of VDA-induced tumor necrosis.

A histological study on the effect of pressure therapy on the activities of myofibroblasts and keratinocytes in hypertrophic scar tissues after burn.

PubMed

Li-Tsang, Cecilia W P; Feng, Beibei; Huang, Lin; Liu, Xusheng; Shu, Bin; Chan, Yvonne T Y; Cheung, Kwok-Kuen

2015-08-01

Although pressure therapy (PT) has been widely used as the first-line treatment for hypertrophic scars (HS), the histopathological changes involved have seldom been studied. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal effect of PT on the histopathological changes in HS. Ten scar samples were selected from six patients with HS after burn and they were given a standardized PT intervention for 3 months while 16 scar samples were obtained on those without PT. The scar biopsies were collected pre-treatment, 1 and 3 months post-intervention for both clinical and histopathological examinations. Clinical assessments demonstrated significant improvement in the thickness and redness of the scars after PT. Histological examination revealed that cell density in the dermal layer was markedly reduced in the 3-months post-pressurized scar tissues, while the arrangement of the collagen fiber was changed from nodular to wave-like pattern. The α-smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity was significantly decreased after 1-month pressure treatment. There was a significant reduction of myofibroblasts population and a concomitant increase in the apoptotic index in the dermal layer in the 3-months' post-pressurized scars. A significant negative correlation was found between the myofibroblasts population and the apoptotic index. The keratinocyte proliferation was found inhibited after PT. Results demonstrated that PT appeared to promote HS maturation by inhibiting the keratinocyte proliferation and suppressing myofibroblasts population, the latter possibly via apoptosis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Alcohol and the pancreas. II. Pancreatic morphology of advanced alcoholic pancreatitis.

PubMed

Noronha, M; Bordalo, O; Dreiling, D A

1981-08-01

The histopathology of advanced chronic alcoholic pancreatitis is dominated by cellular degeneration, atrophy and fibrosis. Sequential changes in the histopathology of alcoholic pancreatic disease has been defined and traced from initial injury to end-stage disease. These sequential histopathologies have been correlated with clinical syndrome and secretory patterns. The data are more consistent with a toxic-metabolic pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis than the previous Big Duct and Small Duct hypotheses.

Can Imaging Parameters Provide Information Regarding Histopathology in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Surov, Alexey; Meyer, Hans Jonas; Wienke, Andreas

2018-04-01

Our purpose was to provide data regarding relationships between different imaging and histopathological parameters in HNSCC. MEDLINE library was screened for associations between different imaging parameters and histopathological features in HNSCC up to December 2017. Only papers containing correlation coefficients between different imaging parameters and histopathological findings were acquired for the analysis. Associations between 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) and KI 67 were reported in 8 studies (236 patients). The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.20 (95% CI = [-0.04; 0.44]). Furthermore, in 4 studies (64 patients), associations between 18 F-fluorothymidine PET and KI 67 were analyzed. The pooled correlation coefficient between SUV max and KI 67 was 0.28 (95% CI = [-0.06; 0.94]). In 2 studies (23 patients), relationships between KI 67 and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were reported. The pooled correlation coefficient between K trans and KI 67 was -0.68 (95% CI = [-0.91; -0.44]). Two studies (31 patients) investigated correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and KI 67. The pooled correlation coefficient was -0.61 (95% CI = [-0.84; -0.38]). In 2 studies (117 patients), relationships between 18 F-FDG PET and p53 were analyzed. The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.0 (95% CI = [-0.87; 0.88]). There were 3 studies (48 patients) that investigated associations between ADC and tumor cell count in HNSCC. The pooled correlation coefficient was -0.53 (95% CI = [-0.74; -0.32]). Associations between 18 F-FDG PET and HIF-1α were investigated in 3 studies (72 patients). The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.44 (95% CI = [-0.20; 1.08]). ADC may predict cell count and proliferation activity, and SUV max may predict expression of HIF-1α in HNSCC. SUV max cannot be used as surrogate marker for expression of KI 67 and p53. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ductal carcinoma of breast: nuclear grade as a predictor of S-phase fraction.

PubMed

Dabbs, D J

1993-06-01

Nuclear grade (NG) and S-phase fraction (SPF) are established independent prognostic variables for ductal breast carcinomas. Nuclear grade can be assigned by a pathologist in a simple fashion during histopathologic evaluation of the tumor, while SPF requires flow cytometric evaluation of tumor samples. This prospective study was undertaken to determine whether elevated SPF could be predicted from NG alone and how NG and SPF correlate with c-erbB-2 expression. Eighty-two breast carcinomas of ductal type were assigned an NG of low (grade 1 or grade 2) or high (grade 3). S-phase fraction was recorded initially from fresh-frozen tissue samples and was designated as either low SPF (below the value designated as the cutoff for elevated SPF) or high SPF (a value at or greater than the cutoff value). On fresh tissue the NG predicted the range of SPF (low or high) in 89% of cases. Four percent of the cases that did not correlate could definitely be attributed to sample error. The remaining 7% that did not correlate could have been due to sample error, specimen quality, or tumor heterogeneity, as demonstrated by reversal of SPF range as performed on paraffin blocks of tumor. Eighty-eight percent of the tumors positive for c-erbB-2 were NG 3 and 12% were NG 2. All c-erbB-2 tumors were aneuploid. This study demonstrates the importance of carefully assigning NGs on tissue and indicates the importance of reviewing flow cytometric data side by side with histopathologic parameters to detect discrepancies between these two modalities. Careful nuclear grading assignment can accurately predict the range of SPF.

Abundance of the benign melanocytic universe: Dermoscopic-histopathological correlation in nevi.

PubMed

Woltsche, Nora; Schmid-Zalaudek, Karin; Deinlein, Teresa; Rammel, Katrin; Hofmann-Wellenhof, Rainer; Zalaudek, Iris

2017-05-01

The broad universe of "melanocytic nevi" includes a variety of different subtypes, which can be classified either due to their morphology, epidemiology, genetic alterations or risk for developing melanoma. Regarding morphology, on the one hand macroscopic/clinical and on the other hand histopathological appearance were used to subdivide in the past, often resulting in confusion and poor interobserver agreement, while nowadays dermoscopy presents the clinician's precious bridge between naked-eye examination and histopathological diagnostics, allowing prediction of the lesions' histopathology, follow up and monitoring over time without need of excision. The non-invasive dermoscopic examination relies on the assessment of colors, patterns and the distribution of both within a cutaneous lesion. Until today, the correspondence of certain dermoscopic colors and patterns to certain histopathological correlates has been reported for a huge amount of different cutaneous lesions. Moreover, the correspondence of certain dermoscopic features to certain body sites, age groups and pigmentary traits, but also to specific genetic alterations in lesions, has been broadly investigated. Dermoscopy has led us to a new understanding of melanocytic nevi's biology and evolution and, last but not least, to a new classification system, which we want to present herein. © 2017 Japanese Dermatological Association.

Differentiation among prostate cancer patients with Gleason score of 7 using histopathology whole-slide image and genomic data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Jian; Karagoz, Kubra; Gatza, Michael; Foran, David J.; Qi, Xin

2018-03-01

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin related cancer affecting 1 in 7 men in the United States. Treatment of patients with prostate cancer still remains a difficult decision-making process that requires physicians to balance clinical benefits, life expectancy, comorbidities, and treatment-related side effects. Gleason score (a sum of the primary and secondary Gleason patterns) solely based on morphological prostate glandular architecture has shown as one of the best predictors of prostate cancer outcome. Significant progress has been made on molecular subtyping prostate cancer delineated through the increasing use of gene sequencing. Prostate cancer patients with Gleason score of 7 show heterogeneity in recurrence and survival outcomes. Therefore, we propose to assess the correlation between histopathology images and genomic data with disease recurrence in prostate tumors with a Gleason 7 score to identify prognostic markers. In the study, we identify image biomarkers within tissue WSIs by modeling the spatial relationship from automatically created patches as a sequence within WSI by adopting a recurrence network model, namely long short-term memory (LSTM). Our preliminary results demonstrate that integrating image biomarkers from CNN with LSTM and genomic pathway scores, is more strongly correlated with patients recurrence of disease compared to standard clinical markers and engineered image texture features. The study further demonstrates that prostate cancer patients with Gleason score of 4+3 have a higher risk of disease progression and recurrence compared to prostate cancer patients with Gleason score of 3+4.

Correlation between transvaginal ultrasound measured endometrial thickness and histopathological findings in Turkish women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

PubMed

Ozer, Alev; Ozer, Serdar; Kanat-Pektas, Mine

2016-05-01

The present study aims to determine how transvaginal ultrasonography and histopathological examination findings are correlated in a cohort of premenopausal and postmenopausal Turkish women with abnormal uterine bleeding. This is a retrospective review of 350 Turkish women who underwent transvaginal ultrasonography and suction curettage as a result of abnormal uterine bleeding. Sonographic appearance of the endometrium was normal in 244 patients (69.7%), while homogeneous thickening was detected in 47 patients (13.4%) and cystic thickening in 21 patients (6.0%). A sonographic diagnosis of endometrial polyp was made in 38 patients (10.9%). Histopathological analysis of endometrial samplings revealed proliferative endometrium (36%), secretory endometrium (24.6%), decidualization (10.9%), endometrial polyp (8.3%), endometritis (6.8%), endometrial hyperplasia (4.6%), irregular shedding (3.7%), atrophic endometrium (3.1%), endometrial cancer (1.1%) and placental retention (0.9%). The sonographic and histopathological findings correlated significantly (χ(2) = 122 768, P = 0.001; r = 0.215, P = 0.001). Approximately 51% of the women with homogeneous endometrial thickening had proliferative endometrium. Only 44.7% of the women with ultrasonographically visualized endometrial polyps had histopathologically diagnosed endometrial polyps. Nearly 57% of the women with cystic endometrial thickening had proliferative endometrium. If there is no facility for hysteroscopy or hysteroscopy-guided endometrial biopsy for women with abnormal uterine bleeding, transvaginal ultrasonography findings can be efficiently used to make a preliminary diagnosis and, thus, notify the pathologists. © 2016 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Utility of texture analysis for quantifying hepatic fibrosis on proton density MRI.

PubMed

Yu, HeiShun; Buch, Karen; Li, Baojun; O'Brien, Michael; Soto, Jorge; Jara, Hernan; Anderson, Stephan W

2015-11-01

To evaluate the potential utility of texture analysis of proton density maps for quantifying hepatic fibrosis in a murine model of hepatic fibrosis. Following Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval, a dietary model of hepatic fibrosis was used and 15 ex vivo murine liver tissues were examined. All images were acquired using a 30 mm bore 11.7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner with a multiecho spin-echo sequence. A texture analysis was employed extracting multiple texture features including histogram-based, gray-level co-occurrence matrix-based (GLCM), gray-level run-length-based features (GLRL), gray level gradient matrix (GLGM), and Laws' features. Texture features were correlated with histopathologic and digital image analysis of hepatic fibrosis. Histogram features demonstrated very weak to moderate correlations (r = -0.29 to 0.51) with hepatic fibrosis. GLCM features correlation and contrast demonstrated moderate-to-strong correlations (r = -0.71 and 0.59, respectively) with hepatic fibrosis. Moderate correlations were seen between hepatic fibrosis and the GLRL feature short run low gray-level emphasis (SRLGE) (r = -0. 51). GLGM features demonstrate very weak to weak correlations with hepatic fibrosis (r = -0.27 to 0.09). Moderate correlations were seen between hepatic fibrosis and Laws' features L6 and L7 (r = 0.58). This study demonstrates the utility of texture analysis applied to proton density MRI in a murine liver fibrosis model and validates the potential utility of texture-based features for the noninvasive, quantitative assessment of hepatic fibrosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Correlation Filters for Detection of Cellular Nuclei in Histopathology Images.

PubMed

Ahmad, Asif; Asif, Amina; Rajpoot, Nasir; Arif, Muhammad; Minhas, Fayyaz Ul Amir Afsar

2017-11-21

Nuclei detection in histology images is an essential part of computer aided diagnosis of cancers and tumors. It is a challenging task due to diverse and complicated structures of cells. In this work, we present an automated technique for detection of cellular nuclei in hematoxylin and eosin stained histopathology images. Our proposed approach is based on kernelized correlation filters. Correlation filters have been widely used in object detection and tracking applications but their strength has not been explored in the medical imaging domain up till now. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme gives state of the art accuracy and can learn complex nuclear morphologies. Like deep learning approaches, the proposed filters do not require engineering of image features as they can operate directly on histopathology images without significant preprocessing. However, unlike deep learning methods, the large-margin correlation filters developed in this work are interpretable, computationally efficient and do not require specialized or expensive computing hardware. A cloud based webserver of the proposed method and its python implementation can be accessed at the following URL: http://faculty.pieas.edu.pk/fayyaz/software.html#corehist .

Ultrasound and MRI predictors of surgical bowel resection in pediatric Crohn disease.

PubMed

Rosenbaum, Daniel G; Conrad, Maire A; Biko, David M; Ruchelli, Eduardo D; Kelsen, Judith R; Anupindi, Sudha A

2017-01-01

Imaging predictors for surgery in children with Crohn disease are lacking. To identify imaging features of the terminal ileum on short-interval bowel ultrasound (US) and MR enterography (MRE) in children with Crohn disease requiring surgical bowel resection and those managed by medical therapy alone. This retrospective study evaluated patients 18 years and younger with Crohn disease undergoing short-interval bowel US and MRE (within 2 months of one another), as well as subsequent ileocecectomy or endoscopy within 3 months of imaging. Appearance of the terminal ileum on both modalities was compared between surgical patients and those managed with medical therapy, with the following parameters assessed: bowel wall thickness, mural stratification, vascularity, fibrofatty proliferation, abscess, fistula and stricture on bowel US; bowel wall thickness, T2 ratio, enhancement pattern, mesenteric edema, fibrofatty proliferation, abscess, fistula and stricture on MRE. A two-sided t-test was used to compare means, a Mann-Whitney U analysis was used for non-parametric parameter scores, and a chi-square or two-sided Fisher exact test compared categorical variables. Imaging findings in surgical patients were correlated with location-matched histopathological scores of inflammation and fibrosis using a scoring system adapted from the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn Disease, and a Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to compare inflammation and fibrosis on histopathology. Twenty-two surgical patients (mean age: 16.5 years; male/female: 13/9) and 20 nonsurgical patients (mean age: 14.8; M/F: 8/12) were included in the final analysis. On US, the surgical group demonstrated significantly increased mean bowel wall thickness (6.1 mm vs. 4.7 mm for the nonsurgical group; P = 0.01), loss of mural stratification (odds ratio [OR] = 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-28.4; P = 0.02) and increased fibrofatty proliferation (P = 0.04). On MRE, the surgical group showed increased mean bowel wall thickness (9.1 mm vs. 7.2 mm for the nonsurgical group; P = 0.02), increased mean T2 ratio (4.6 vs. 3.6 for the nonsurgical group; P = 0.03), different enhancement patterns (P = 0.03), increased mesenteric edema (P = 0.001) and increased stricture formation (OR = 8.2; 95% CI: 1.8-36.4; P = 0.005). Nineteen of 22 ileocecectomy specimens showed severe inflammation and 21/22 showed severe fibrosis, with significant correlation between inflammation and fibrosis scores (ρ = 0.55; P = 0.008); however, correlation with imaging findings was limited by the uniformity of findings on histopathology. Children with terminal ileal Crohn disease requiring surgical bowel resection demonstrate more severe manifestations of imaging features traditionally associated with both active inflammation and chronic fibrosis than those managed medically on US and MRE, findings that are corroborated by histopathology. These features may potentially serve as imaging biomarkers indicating the necessity for surgical intervention.

Bone marrow edema pattern in advanced hip osteoarthritis: quantitative assessment with magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with clinical examination, radiographic findings, and histopathology.

PubMed

Taljanovic, Mihra S; Graham, Anna R; Benjamin, James B; Gmitro, Arthur F; Krupinski, Elizabeth A; Schwartz, Stephanie A; Hunter, Tim B; Resnick, Donald L

2008-05-01

To correlate the amount of bone marrow edema (BME) calculated by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) with clinical findings, histopathology, and radiographic findings, in patients with advanced hip osteoarthritis(OA). The study was approved by The Institutional Human Subject Protection Committee. Coronal MRI of hips was acquired in 19 patients who underwent hip replacement. A spin echo (SE) sequence with four echoes and separate fast spin echo (FSE) proton density (PD)-weighted SE sequences of fat (F) and water (W) were acquired with water and fat suppression, respectively. T2 and water:fat ratio calculations were made for the outlined regions of interest. The calculated MRI values were correlated with the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings. Analyses of variance were done on the MRI data for W/(W + F) and for T2 values (total and focal values) for the symptomatic and contralateral hips. The values were significantly higher in the study group. Statistically significant correlations were found between pain and total W/(W + F), pain and focal T2 values, and the number of microfractures and calculated BME for the focal W/(W + F) in the proximal femora. Statistically significant correlations were found between the radiographic findings and MRI values for total W/(W + F), focal W/(W + F) and focal T2 and among the radiographic findings, pain, and hip movement. On histopathology, only a small amount of BME was seen in eight proximal femora. The amount of BME in the OA hip, as measured by MRI, correlates with the severity of pain, radiographic findings, and number of microfractures.

First clinical experience with a dedicated MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound system for breast cancer ablation.

PubMed

Merckel, Laura G; Knuttel, Floor M; Deckers, Roel; van Dalen, Thijs; Schubert, Gerald; Peters, Nicky H G M; Weits, Teun; van Diest, Paul J; Mali, Willem P Th M; Vaessen, Paul H H B; van Gorp, Joost M H H; Moonen, Chrit T W; Bartels, Lambertus W; van den Bosch, Maurice A A J

2016-11-01

To assess the safety and feasibility of MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) ablation in breast cancer patients using a dedicated breast platform. Patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer underwent partial tumour ablation prior to surgical resection. MR-HIFU ablation was performed using proton resonance frequency shift MR thermometry and an MR-HIFU system specifically designed for breast tumour ablation. The presence and extent of tumour necrosis was assessed by histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between sonication parameters, temperature increase and size of tumour necrosis at histopathology. Ten female patients underwent MR-HIFU treatment. No skin redness or burns were observed in any of the patients. No correlation was found between the applied energy and the temperature increase. In six patients, tumour necrosis was observed with a maximum diameter of 3-11 mm. In these patients, the number of targeted locations was equal to the number of areas with tumour necrosis. A good correlation was found between the applied energy and the size of tumour necrosis at histopathology (Pearson = 0.76, p = 0.002). Our results show that MR-HIFU ablation with the dedicated breast system is safe and results in histopathologically proven tumour necrosis. • MR-HIFU ablation with the dedicated breast system is safe and feasible • In none of the patients was skin redness or burns observed • No correlation was found between the applied energy and the temperature increase • The correlation between applied energy and size of tumour necrosis was good.

Shear-wave elastographic features of breast cancers: comparison with mechanical elasticity and histopathologic characteristics.

PubMed

Lee, Su Hyun; Moon, Woo Kyung; Cho, Nariya; Chang, Jung Min; Moon, Hyeong-Gon; Han, Wonshik; Noh, Dong-Young; Lee, Jung Chan; Kim, Hee Chan; Lee, Kyoung-Bun; Park, In-Ae

2014-03-01

The objective of this study was to compare the quantitative and qualitative shear-wave elastographic (SWE) features of breast cancers with mechanical elasticity and histopathologic characteristics. This prospective study was conducted with institutional review board approval, and written informed consent was obtained. Shear-wave elastography was performed for 30 invasive breast cancers in 30 women before surgery. The mechanical elasticity of a fresh breast tissue section, correlated with the ultrasound image, was measured using an indentation system. Quantitative (maximum, mean, minimum, and standard deviation of elasticity in kilopascals) and qualitative (color heterogeneity and presence of signal void areas in the mass) SWE features were compared with mechanical elasticity and histopathologic characteristics using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Maximum SWE values showed a moderate correlation with maximum mechanical elasticity (r = 0.530, P = 0.003). There were no significant differences between SWE values and mechanical elasticity in histologic grade I or II cancers (P = 0.268). However, SWE values were significantly higher than mechanical elasticity in histologic grade III cancers (P < 0.001), which have low amounts of fibrosis, high tumor cellularity, and intratumoral necrosis. In addition, color heterogeneity was correlated with intratumoral heterogeneity of mechanical elasticity (r = 0.469, P = 0.009). Signal void areas in the masses were present in 43% of breast cancers (13 of 30) and were correlated with dense collagen depositions (n = 11) or intratumoral necrosis (n = 2). Quantitative and qualitative SWE features reflect both the mechanical elasticity and histopathologic characteristics of breast cancers.

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pancreatic Cancer: Characteristics and Correlation With Histopathologic Parameters.

PubMed

Ma, Wanling; Li, Na; Zhao, Weiwei; Ren, Jing; Wei, Mengqi; Yang, Yong; Wang, Yingmei; Fu, Xin; Zhang, Zhuoli; Larson, Andrew C; Huan, Yi

2016-01-01

To clarify diffusion and perfusion abnormalities and evaluate correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), MR perfusion and histopathologic parameters of pancreatic cancer (PC). Eighteen patients with PC underwent diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Parameters of DCE-MRI and ADC of cancer and non-cancerous tissue were compared. Correlation between the rate constant that represents transfer of contrast agent from the arterial blood into the extravascular extracellular space (K, volume of the extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue (Ve), and ADC of PC and histopathologic parameters were analyzed. The rate constant that represents transfer of contrast agent from the extravascular extracellular space into blood plasma, K, tissue volume fraction occupied by vascular space, and ADC of PC were significantly lower than nontumoral pancreases. Ve of PC was significantly higher than that of nontumoral pancreas. Apparent diffusion coefficient and K values of PC were negatively correlated to fibrosis content and fibroblast activation protein staining score. Fibrosis content was positively correlated to Ve. Apparent diffusion coefficient values and parameters of DCE-MRI can differentiate PC from nontumoral pancreases. There are correlations between ADC, K, Ve, and fibrosis content of PC. Fibroblast activation protein staining score of PC is negatively correlated to ADC and K. Apparent diffusion coefficient, K, and Ve may be feasible to predict prognosis of PC.

Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Skin and Superficial Soft Tissue Lesions: A Study of 510 Cases.

PubMed

Bhowmik, Abhijit; Mallick Sinha, Mamata Guha; Barman, Dilip Chandra

2015-01-01

Diseases of the skin and superficial subcutaneous soft tissues present with a wide array of lesions ranging from nonspecific dermatoses and inflammatory lesions to frank neoplasms. Though cytopathology is an excellent diagnostic tool in routine dermatologic practice, studies relating to histopathological and cytological correlation are sparse. The aim of this study was to analyze the concordance rate between cytological and histopathological diagnosis of skin and superficial soft tissue lesions. We retrospectively studied 510 consecutive fine needle aspiration cytology findings of cases from North Bengal Medical College and Hospital and correlated their diagnoses based upon cytological and histopathological grounds. Out of the 510 cases studied, 253 were non neoplastic lesions and 257 were neoplastic. A high degree of concordance was observed (100% for malignant and 96.15% for benign lesions) when these two diagnostic modalities were compared. Histopathological correlation was possible in all malignant, 52/189 (27.51%) of benign and 27/253 (10.67%) of non-neoplastic lesions. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnoses were 95.31% and 97.6%, respectively. It can be safely concluded that fine needle aspiration cytology is a rapid, reliable and fairly accurate tool for initial triage and treatment of skin and superficial soft tissue lesions.

A Study on Postmortem Wound Dating by Gross and Histopathological Examination of Abrasions.

PubMed

Vinay, Javaregowda; Harish, Sathyanarayana; Mangala, Gouri S R; Hugar, Basappa S

2017-06-01

Abrasions are the most common blunt force injuries. The precise dating of injury is extremely important in forensic medicine practice. As we know, the wound healing occurs in well-orchestrated sequence, consisting of inflammation, proliferation, and maturation.A study of occurrence of such phases will help in understanding the sequence of events in wound healing. In this context, this study of wound dating from gross and microscopic level was taken. Postmortem study of wound dating by gross and histopathological examination of abrasions was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine, in M.S. Ramaiah Medical College. A total of 101 abrasions were correlated to time frame the occurrence of different gross changes and microscopic changes that follow the blunt trauma. Abrasions ranging from 0 hour to a maximum of 45 days were studied. The gross changes of abrasions were in correlation with the microscopic changes; however, the role of the comorbid conditions is significant because the results showed variations with respect to healing process. This study signifies that, if naked eye examination is studied along with histopathological examination, the reliability and accuracy of dating of wound increase. Whenever accurate determination of age is required, the autopsy surgeon can subject the samples for histopathological examination and correlate before opining the age of injury.

Utility of Bacillary Index in Slit Skin Smears in Correlation with Clinical and Histopathological Alterations in Hansen's Disease: An Attempt to Revive a Simple Useful Procedure.

PubMed

Premalatha, P; Renuka, I V; Meghana, A; Devi, S I; Charyulu, Pavk; Sampoorna, G

2016-01-01

Leprosy, a relatively common chronic contagious disease having diverse modes of clinical presentation, can mimic a variety of unrelated diseases. For proper and adequate treatment, the diagnosis must be made accurately with subtyping which should be done with the help of bacillary index, histopathological features, and clinical correlation. This is extremely important in patient care as paucibacillary and multibacillary types have different modes of treatment. Our aim is to categorize leprosy into various types based on bacillary index, morphological findings both in slit skin smears, and biopsy along with clinical correlation.

Molecular Histopathology Using Gold Nanorods and Optical Coherence Tomography

PubMed Central

Prabhulkar, Shradha; Matthews, Jared; Rawal, Siddarth; Awdeh, Richard M.

2013-01-01

Purpose. To examine the novel application of a commercially available optical coherence tomography (OCT) system toward molecular histopathology using gold nanorod (GNR) linked antibodies as a functionalized contrast agent to evaluate ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Methods. GNRs were synthesized and covalently attached to anti–glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) antibodies via carbodiimide chemistry. Three specimens from each of three distinct categories of human conjunctival tissue were selected for analysis, including conjunctiva without epithelial atypia (controls); conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS); and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tissue sections were incubated initially with GNR tagged anti–GLUT-1 antibodies and then with a fluorescent-tagged secondary antibody. Immunofluorescence and OCT imaging of the tissue was performed and the results were correlated to the light microscopic findings on traditional hemotoxyin and eosin stained sections. Results. No binding of the functionalized GNRs was observed within the epithelium of three normal conjunctiva controls. While immunofluorescence disclosed variable binding of the functionalized GNRs to atypical epithelial cells in all six cases of OSSN, the enhancement of the OCT signal in three cases of CIS was insufficient to distinguish these specimens from normal controls. In two of three cases of SCC, binding of functionalized GNRs was sufficient to produce an increased scattering effect on OCT in areas correlating to atypical epithelial cells which stained intensely on immunofluorescence imaging. Binding of functionalized GNRs was sufficient to produce an increased scattering effect on OCT in areas correlating to regions of erythrocytes and hemorrhage which stained intensely on immunofluorescence imaging within all nine tested samples. Conclusions. We have demonstrated the use of OCT for molecular histopathology using functionalized gold nanorods in the setting of OSSN. Our results suggest a threshold concentration of functionalized GNRs within tissue is required to achieve a detectable enhancement in scattering of the OCT signal. PMID:23307958

Learning reflectance confocal microscopy of melanocytic skin lesions through histopathologic transversal sections.

PubMed

Braga, Juliana Casagrande Tavoloni; Macedo, Mariana Petaccia; Pinto, Clovis; Duprat, João; Begnami, Maria Dirlei; Pellacani, Giovanni; Rezze, Gisele Gargantini

2013-01-01

Histopathologic interpretation of dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of cutaneous melanoma was timidly carried out using perpendicular histologic sections, which does not mimic the same plane of the image achieved at both techniques (horizontal plane). The aim of this study was to describe the transverse histologic sections research technique and correlate main dermoscopic features characteristic of cutaneous melanoma (atypical network, irregular globules and pseudopods) with RCM and histopathology in perpendicular and transverse sections in order to offer a more precise interpretation of in vivo detectable features. Four melanomas and 2 nevi with different dermoscopic clues have been studied. Lesion areas that showed characteristic dermoscopic features were imaged by dermoscopy and confocal microscopy and directly correlated with histopathology in perpendicular and transverse sections. We presented the possibility to perform transverse sections as a new approach to understand RCM features. Atypical network showed different aspects in the 2 melanomas: in one case it was characterized by pleomorphic malignant melanocytes with tendency to form aggregates, whereas in the other elongated dendritic cells crowded around dermal papillae, some of them forming bridges that resembled the mitochondrial aspect at confocal and histopathology transversal sections. Pigment globules in melanomas and nevi differed for the presence of large atypical cells in the former, and pseudopods showed up as elongated nests protruded toward the periphery of the lesion. Transverse histologic research sections have a consistent dermoscopic and confocal correlate, and it may represent an help in confocal feature interpretation and an advance in improving melanoma diagnosis and knowledge of the biology of melanocytic lesions.

Evaluation of multifunctional imaging parameters in gastro-oesophageal cancer using F-18-FDG-PET/CT with integrated perfusion CT.

PubMed

Sah, Bert-Ram; Leissing, Christian A; Delso, Gaspar; Ter Voert, Edwin E; Krieg, Stefan; Leibl, Sebastian; Schneider, Paul M; Reiner, Cäcilia S; Hüllner, Martin W; Veit-Haibach, Patrick

2018-05-10

Positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) is among the most frequently used imaging modalities for initial staging of gastro-oesophageal (GE) cancer, whereas CT-perfusion (CTP) provides different multiparametric information. This proof of concept study compares CTP- and PET-parameters in patients with GE cancer to evaluate correlations and a possible prognostic value of a combined PET/CTP imaging procedure. A total of 31 patients with F-18-FDG-PET/CT and CTP studies were prospectively analysed. Patients had adenocarcinoma (n = 22) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 9). Imaging was performed before start of treatment. CTP parameters [blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT)] and metabolic parameters [(maximum and mean standardised uptake values and standard deviation (SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVsd), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and tumour lesion glycolysis (TLG)], as well as flow metabolic product [FMP (BF × SUVmax)] were determined and their relationship was compared. Additionally their association to clinical parameters (differentiation grading, staging, HER2-status, follow-up status) and to histopathological regression (post-neoadjuvant regression grading) was evaluated. Correlation between parameters of both modalities was significant between MTT and MTV (r = 0.375, p = 0.038); no other significant correlation was found. Patients with complete histopathological regression showed significantly lower BF and BV than patients with nearly complete or partial response. TLG and regression grading showed significant correlation with staging. All other quantitative parameters for CTP and PET data did not correlate significantly with histopathological regression grading, differentiation or staging. The combination of PET and CTP parameters (FMP) showed no significant prognostic value. Significant correlations were only found between MTT and MTV, which indicates a possible perfusional/metabolic coupling. Therefore, pre-therapeutic CTP and PET- parameters provide complementary information about the pre-therapeutic tumour status and are not interchangeable. Only CTP parameters might be able to predict complete histopathological regression. On the other hand, only PET parameters are correlated with staging.

Evaluation of placenta in foetal demise and foetal growth restriction.

PubMed

Ch, Ujwala; Guruvare, Shyamala; Bhat, Sudha S; Rai, Lavanya; Rao, Sugandhi

2013-11-01

The study objective was to evaluate the pathological changes of the placenta in foetal death and foetal growth restriction and to find correlation of the findings with clinical causes. Prospective study at a tertiary care hospital. Gross and histopathological examinations of the placentae were carried out in pregnancies with foetal demise (IUD) and Foetal Growth Restriction (FGR). SPSS, version 11.5. Placentae of twenty seven women with foetal demise and of equal number of women with foetal growth restriction were studied. Placental weight was less than 10(th) percentile in 61.5% women in IUD group and in 93% women in the FGR group. Gross examination of placentae showed abnormalities in 12 (44%) women of IUD group and in 16 (59%) women of FGR group. Histopathological abnormalities were observed in 74.1% women of the IUD group and in 66.7% women of FGR group. Placental histopathology correlated with clinical risk factors in 60% women of IUD group and in 40% women of FGR group. Among the women with no clinically explainable cause for IUD and FGR, 86% and 57% had placental histopathological abnormalities respectively. The histopathological abnormalities of the placenta can be used to document the clinical causes of foetal demise and growth restriction; it may explain the causes in cases of clinically unexplained foetal demise and foetal growth restriction.

3D chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model as an in vivo model to study morphological and histopathological features of feline fibrosarcomas.

PubMed

Zabielska-Koczywąs, Katarzyna; Wojtkowska, Agata; Dolka, Izabella; Małek, Anna; Walewska, Magdalena; Wojtalewicz, Anna; Żbikowski, Artur; Lechowski, Roman

2017-06-26

The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model is well described in human medicine as a cost-effective, easy to perform preclinical oncological model for observing pro- and antiangiogenic response, tumor biology and metastasis. The main objective of this article was to present the modification of the CAM assay in order to evaluate tumor growth from two feline fibrosarcoma cell lines (FFS1, FFS3) and describe their morphological and histopathological features. The authors described morphological and histopathological features of two feline fibrosarcoma cell lines (FFS1 and FFS3) grown on the CAM. Tumors from the FFS1 cell line showed high malignancy (grade III), while tumors from the FFS3 cell line were grade II. Proliferation markers (Ki-67 and PCNA) were determined and the positive correlation between PCNA and tumor grade (r = 0.8247; p < 0.001) was demonstrated, as opposed to Ki-67. The results obtained indicate that PCNA may be helpful to evaluate the tumor grade, better than Ki-67, for feline fibrosarcomas. However, further investigations of proliferation marker, in bigger number of feline spontaneous fibrosarcomas and feline fibrosarcomas grown on the CAM from different cell lines, are needed to confirm these observations.

Detection of Prostate Cancer: Quantitative Multiparametric MR Imaging Models Developed Using Registered Correlative Histopathology.

PubMed

Metzger, Gregory J; Kalavagunta, Chaitanya; Spilseth, Benjamin; Bolan, Patrick J; Li, Xiufeng; Hutter, Diane; Nam, Jung W; Johnson, Andrew D; Henriksen, Jonathan C; Moench, Laura; Konety, Badrinath; Warlick, Christopher A; Schmechel, Stephen C; Koopmeiners, Joseph S

2016-06-01

Purpose To develop multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging models to generate a quantitative, user-independent, voxel-wise composite biomarker score (CBS) for detection of prostate cancer by using coregistered correlative histopathologic results, and to compare performance of CBS-based detection with that of single quantitative MR imaging parameters. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Patients with a diagnosis of prostate cancer underwent multiparametric MR imaging before surgery for treatment. All MR imaging voxels in the prostate were classified as cancer or noncancer on the basis of coregistered histopathologic data. Predictive models were developed by using more than one quantitative MR imaging parameter to generate CBS maps. Model development and evaluation of quantitative MR imaging parameters and CBS were performed separately for the peripheral zone and the whole gland. Model accuracy was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and confidence intervals were calculated with the bootstrap procedure. The improvement in classification accuracy was evaluated by comparing the AUC for the multiparametric model and the single best-performing quantitative MR imaging parameter at the individual level and in aggregate. Results Quantitative T2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), volume transfer constant (K(trans)), reflux rate constant (kep), and area under the gadolinium concentration curve at 90 seconds (AUGC90) were significantly different between cancer and noncancer voxels (P < .001), with ADC showing the best accuracy (peripheral zone AUC, 0.82; whole gland AUC, 0.74). Four-parameter models demonstrated the best performance in both the peripheral zone (AUC, 0.85; P = .010 vs ADC alone) and whole gland (AUC, 0.77; P = .043 vs ADC alone). Individual-level analysis showed statistically significant improvement in AUC in 82% (23 of 28) and 71% (24 of 34) of patients with peripheral-zone and whole-gland models, respectively, compared with ADC alone. Model-based CBS maps for cancer detection showed improved visualization of cancer location and extent. Conclusion Quantitative multiparametric MR imaging models developed by using coregistered correlative histopathologic data yielded a voxel-wise CBS that outperformed single quantitative MR imaging parameters for detection of prostate cancer, especially when the models were assessed at the individual level. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

The quality of tumor size assessment by contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and the benefit of additional breast MRI.

PubMed

Lobbes, Marc B I; Lalji, Ulrich C; Nelemans, Patty J; Houben, Ivo; Smidt, Marjolein L; Heuts, Esther; de Vries, Bart; Wildberger, Joachim E; Beets-Tan, Regina G

2015-01-01

Background - Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a promising new breast imaging modality that is superior to conventional mammography for breast cancer detection. We aimed to evaluate correlation and agreement of tumor size measurements using CESM. As additional analysis, we evaluated whether measurements using an additional breast MRI exam would yield more accurate results. Methods - Between January 1(st) 2013 and April 1(st) 2014, 87 consecutive breast cancer cases that underwent CESM were collected and data on maximum tumor size measurements were gathered. In 57 cases, tumor size measurements were also available for breast MRI. Histopathological results of the surgical specimen served as gold standard in all cases. Results - The Pearson's correlation coefficients (PCC) of CESM versus histopathology and breast MRI versus histopathology were all >0.9, p<0.0001. For the agreement between measurements, the mean difference between CESM and histopathology was 0.03 mm. The mean difference between breast MRI and histopathology was 2.12 mm. Using a 2x2 contingency table to assess the frequency distribution of a relevant size discrepancy of >1 cm between the two imaging modalities and histopathological results, we did not observe any advantage of performing an additional breast MRI after CESM in any of the cases. Conclusion - Quality of tumor size measurement using CESM is good and matches the quality of these measurement assessed by breast MRI. Additional measurements using breast MRI did not improve the quality of tumor size measurements.

The Quality of Tumor Size Assessment by Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography and the Benefit of Additional Breast MRI

PubMed Central

Lobbes, Marc B.I.; Lalji, Ulrich C.; Nelemans, Patty J.; Houben, Ivo; Smidt, Marjolein L.; Heuts, Esther; de Vries, Bart; Wildberger, Joachim E.; Beets-Tan, Regina G.

2015-01-01

Background - Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a promising new breast imaging modality that is superior to conventional mammography for breast cancer detection. We aimed to evaluate correlation and agreement of tumor size measurements using CESM. As additional analysis, we evaluated whether measurements using an additional breast MRI exam would yield more accurate results. Methods - Between January 1st 2013 and April 1st 2014, 87 consecutive breast cancer cases that underwent CESM were collected and data on maximum tumor size measurements were gathered. In 57 cases, tumor size measurements were also available for breast MRI. Histopathological results of the surgical specimen served as gold standard in all cases. Results - The Pearson's correlation coefficients (PCC) of CESM versus histopathology and breast MRI versus histopathology were all >0.9, p<0.0001. For the agreement between measurements, the mean difference between CESM and histopathology was 0.03 mm. The mean difference between breast MRI and histopathology was 2.12 mm. Using a 2x2 contingency table to assess the frequency distribution of a relevant size discrepancy of >1 cm between the two imaging modalities and histopathological results, we did not observe any advantage of performing an additional breast MRI after CESM in any of the cases. Conclusion - Quality of tumor size measurement using CESM is good and matches the quality of these measurement assessed by breast MRI. Additional measurements using breast MRI did not improve the quality of tumor size measurements. PMID:25561979

Histopathological and immunohistochemical profile in anaplastic gangliogliomas.

PubMed

Romero-Rojas, Alfredo E; Diaz-Perez, Julio A; Chinchilla-Olaya, Sandra I; Amaro, Deirdre; Lozano-Castillo, Alfonso; Restrepo-Escobar, Ligia I

2013-01-01

The anaplastic ganglioglioma (AG) is the high-grade counterpart of ganglioglioma, a rare mixed tumor composed of neuronal/ganglion and glial cells. We describe the histopathology and immunohistochemistry in 7 cases of AG and correlate them with the clinical and radiological features. Our AG patients correspond to 2.5% of the central nervous system tumor patients evaluated in our institution. The mean age at presentation was 25.7 years, with a male predominance. The most common clinical presentation was generalized tonic-clonic seizures (3/7 cases), in correlation with frequent cortical/subcortical location (6/7 cases). Histopathologically, all our cases showed high-grade features in glial (glial fibrillary acid protein-positive) and neuron-ganglion cells (synaptophysin, PGP-9.5, neurofilament, NSE and CD56-positive), as well as moderate cellularity, frequent mitotic figures and a Ki-67 labeling index >5%. All our patients had poor survival. We found that a typical histopathological and immunohistochemical profile is constant and can be useful in early diagnosis of these aggressive neoplasms. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Merkel cell carcinoma: histopathologic and prognostic features according to the immunohistochemical expression of Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen correlated with viral load.

PubMed

Leroux-Kozal, Valérie; Lévêque, Nicolas; Brodard, Véronique; Lesage, Candice; Dudez, Oriane; Makeieff, Marc; Kanagaratnam, Lukshe; Diebold, Marie-Danièle

2015-03-01

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a neuroendocrine skin malignancy frequently associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), which is suspected to be oncogenic. In a series of MCC patients, we compared clinical, histopathologic, and prognostic features according to the expression of viral large T antigen (LTA) correlated with viral load. We evaluated the LTA expression by immunohistochemistry using CM2B4 antibody and quantified viral load by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples (n = 36) and corresponding fresh-frozen biopsies when available (n = 12), of the primary tumor and/or metastasis from 24 patients. MCPyV was detected in 88% and 58% of MCC patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relevance of viral load measurements was demonstrated by the strong consistency of viral load level between FFPE and corresponding frozen tissues as well as between primary tumor and metastases. From FFPE samples, 2 MCC subgroups were distinguished based on a viral load threshold defined by the positivity of CM2B4 immunostaining. In the LTA-negative subgroup with no or low viral load (nonsignificant), tumor cells showed more anisokaryosis (P = .01), and a solar elastosis around the tumor was more frequently observed (P = .03). LTA-positive MCCs with significant viral load had a lower proliferation index (P = .03) and a longer survival of corresponding patients (P = .008). Depending on MCPyV involvement, 2 MCC subgroups can be distinguished on histopathologic criteria, and the CM2B4 antibody is able to differentiate them reliably. Furthermore, the presence of a significant viral load in tumors is predictive of better prognosis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

FDG-PET/CT Imaging Predicts Histopathologic Treatment Responses after Neoadjuvant Therapy in Adult Primary Bone Sarcomas

DOE PAGES

Benz, Matthias R.; Czernin, Johannes; Tap, William D.; ...

2010-01-01

Purpose . Tmore » he aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether FDG-PET allows an accurate assessment of histopathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment in adult patients with primary bone sarcomas. Methods . Twelve consecutive patients with resectable, primary high grade bone sarcomas were enrolled prospectively. FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed prior to the initiation and after completion of neoadjuvant treatment. Imaging findings were correlated with histopathologic response. Results . Histopathologic responders showed significantly more pronounced decreases in tumor FDG-SUVmax from baseline to late follow up than non-responders ( 64 ± 19 % versus 29 ± 30 %, resp.; P = .03 ). Using a 60% decrease in tumor FDG-uptake as a threshold for metabolic response correctly classified 3 of 4 histopathologic responders and 7 of 8 histopathologic non-responders as metabolic responders and non-responders, respectively (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 88%). Conclusion . These results suggest that changes in FDG-SUVmax at the end of neoadjuvant treatment can identify histopathologic responders and non-responders in adult primary bone sarcoma patients.« less

Pancreatic cancer ascites xenograft–an expeditious model mirroring advanced therapeutic resistant disease

PubMed Central

Schvimer, Michael; Atias, Dikla; Halperin, Sharon; Buzhor, Ella; Raitses-Gurevich, Maria; Cohen, Keren; Pri-Chen, Sara; Wilson, Julie; Denroche, Robert E.; Lungu, Ilinca; Bartlett, John M.S.; Mbabaali, Faridah; Yarden, Yosef; Nataraj, Nishanth Belugali; Gallinger, Steven; Berger, Raanan

2017-01-01

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has limited treatment options. There is an urgent need for developing appropriate pre-clinical models recapitulating metastatic disease, the most common clinical scenario at presentation. Ascites accumulation occurs in up to 20–30% of patients with pancreatic cancer; this milieu represents a highly cellular research resource of metastatic peritoneal spread. In this study, we utilized pancreatic ascites/pleural effusion cancer cells to establish patient derived xenografts. Ascites/pleural effusion-patient derived xenografts were established from twelve independent cases. Xenografts were serially passed in nude mice and tissue bio-specimen banking has been established. Histopathology of emergent tumors demonstrates poorly to moderately differentiated, glandular and mucin producing tumors, mirroring morphology of primary pancreatic cancer tumors. Whole genome sequencing of six patient derived xenografts samples demonstrates common mutations and structural variations similar to those reported in primary pancreatic cancer. Xenograft tumors were dissociated to single-cells and in-vitro drug sensitivity screen assays demonstrated chemo-resistance, correlating with patient clinical scenarios, thus serving as a platform for clinically relevant translational research. Therefore, establishment of this novel ascites/pleural effusion patient derived xenograft model, with extensive histopathology and genomic characterization, opens an opportunity for the study of advanced aggressive pancreatic cancer. Characterization of metastatic disease and mechanisms of resistance to therapeutics may lead to the development of novel drug combinations. PMID:28489577

Contrast-enhanced CT features of hepatoblastoma: Can we predict histopathology?

PubMed

Baheti, Akshay D; Luana Stanescu, A; Li, Ning; Chapman, Teresa

Hepatoblastoma is the most common hepatic malignancy occurring in the pediatric population. Intratumoral cellular behavior varies, and the small-cell undifferentiated histopathology carries a poorer prognosis than other tissue subtypes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for this tumor subtype prior to surgical resection in most cases. Early identification of tumors with poor prognosis could have a significant clinical impact. Objective The aim of this work was to identify imaging features of small-cell undifferentiated subtype hepatoblastoma that can help distinguish this subtype from more favorable tumors and potentially guide the clinical management. We also sought to characterize contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) features of hepatoblastoma that correlate with metastatic disease and patient outcome. Our study included 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with a mean age of 16months (range: 0-46months) with surgically confirmed hepatoblastoma and available baseline abdominal imaging by CECT. Clinical data and CT abdominal images were retrospectively analyzed. Five tumors with small-cell undifferentiated components were identified. All of these tumors demonstrated irregular margins on CT imaging. Advanced PRETEXT stage, vascular invasion and irregular margins were associated with metastatic disease and decreased survival. Capsular retraction was also significantly associated with decreased survival. Irregular tumor margins demonstrated statistically significant association with the presence of small-cell undifferentiated components. No other imaging feature showed statistically significant association. Tumor margin irregularity, vascular invasion, capsular retraction, and PRETEXT stage correlate with worse patient outcomes. Irregular tumor margin was the only imaging feature significantly associated with more aggressive tumor subtype. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Study on Postmortem Wound Dating by Gross and Histopathological Examination of Abrasions

PubMed Central

Vinay, Javaregowda; Harish, Sathyanarayana; Mangala, Gouri S.R.; Hugar, Basappa S.

2017-01-01

Introduction Abrasions are the most common blunt force injuries. The precise dating of injury is extremely important in forensic medicine practice. As we know, the wound healing occurs in well-orchestrated sequence, consisting of inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. A study of occurrence of such phases will help in understanding the sequence of events in wound healing. In this context, this study of wound dating from gross and microscopic level was taken. Materials and Methods Postmortem study of wound dating by gross and histopathological examination of abrasions was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine, in M.S. Ramaiah Medical College. A total of 101 abrasions were correlated to time frame the occurrence of different gross changes and microscopic changes that follow the blunt trauma. Abrasions ranging from 0 hour to a maximum of 45 days were studied. Results The gross changes of abrasions were in correlation with the microscopic changes; however, the role of the comorbid conditions is significant because the results showed variations with respect to healing process. Conclusions This study signifies that, if naked eye examination is studied along with histopathological examination, the reliability and accuracy of dating of wound increase. Whenever accurate determination of age is required, the autopsy surgeon can subject the samples for histopathological examination and correlate before opining the age of injury. PMID:28418938

Correlation between 18F-FDG Positron-Emission Tomography 18F-FDG Uptake Levels at Diagnosis and Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer

PubMed Central

Uğurluer, Gamze; Yavuz, Sinan; Çalıkuşu, Züleyha; Seyrek, Ertuğrul; Kibar, Mustafa; Serin, Meltem; Ersöz, Canan; Demircan, Orhan

2016-01-01

Objective In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation between pretreatment-staging 18F-FDG total body positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) levels and histopathologic and immunohistochemical predictive and prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods One hundred thirty-nine women with breast cancer who were treated between 2009 and 2015 at our hospital and who had pretreatment-staging PET/CT were included in the study. SUVmax levels and histopathologic and immunohistochemical results were compared. Results The median age was 48 years (range, 29–79 years). The mean tumor diameter was 33.4 mm (range, 7–120 mm). The histology was invasive ductal carcinoma in 80.6% of the patients. In the univariate analysis, SUVmax levels were significantly higher in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma; in patients with a maximum tumor diameter more than 2 cm; patients who were estrogen, progesterone, and combined hormone receptor-negative, triple-negative patients, and in tumors with higher grades (p<0.05). In HER2-positive patients, SUVmax levels were higher even if it was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between lymph node metastases and pathologic stage. In multivariate analysis, tumor diameter was an independent factor. Conclusion SUVmax levels are correlated with known histopathologic and immunohistochemical prognostic factors. PET/CT could be useful in preoperative evaluation of patients with breast cancer to predict biologic characteristics of tumors and prognosis. PMID:28331746

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT vs. mpMRI for locoregional prostate cancer staging: correlation with final histopathology.

PubMed

Berger, I; Annabattula, C; Lewis, J; Shetty, D V; Kam, J; Maclean, F; Arianayagam, M; Canagasingham, B; Ferguson, R; Khadra, M; Ko, R; Winter, M; Loh, H; Varol, C

2018-06-01

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to locate lesions based on PSMA avidity, however guidelines on its use are limited by its infancy. We aimed to compare multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and PSMA PET/CT to prostatectomy histopathology. We conducted a chart review from February 2015 to January 2017 of 50 male patients staged for prostate cancer using PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI who then underwent radical prostatectomy. Pre-operative PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI were paired with corresponding histopathology. Correlations, sensitivity, and specificity were used for comparisons. A total of 81 lesions were confirmed by histopathology. Fifty index lesions were detected by histopathology, all of which were detected by PSMA PET/CT (100% detection), and 47 by mpMRI (94% detection). Thirty-one histologically confirmed secondary lesions were detected, 29 of which were detected by PSMA PET/CT (93.5% detection), and 16 by mpMRI (51.6% detection). PSMA had better sensitivity for index lesion localization than mpMRI (81.1 vs. 64.8%). Specificity was similar for PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI (84.6 vs. 82.7%). SUV max of index lesions ranged from 2.9 to 39.6 (M = 9.27 ± 6.41). Index lesion SUV max was positively correlated with PSA (rho = 0.48, p < 0.001) and ISUP grade (rho = 0.51, p < 0.001). PSMA-PET/CT provided superior detection of prostate cancer lesions with better sensitivity than mpMRI. PSMA-PET/CT can be used to enhance locoregional mpMRI to provide improved detection and characterization of lesions.

Evaluation of T1/T2 ratios in a pilot study as a potential biomarker of biopsy: proven benign and malignant breast lesions in correlation with histopathological disease stage.

PubMed

Malikova, Marina A; Tkacz, Jaroslaw N; Slanetz, Priscilla J; Guo, Chao-Yu; Aakil, Adam; Jara, Hernan

2017-08-01

Early breast cancer detection is important for intervention and prognosis. Advances in treatment and outcome require diagnostic tools with highly positive predictive value. To study the potential role of quantitative MRI (qMRI) using T1/T2 ratios to differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions. A cross-sectional study of 69 women with 69 known or suspicious breast lesions were scanned with mixed-turbo spin echo pulse sequence. Patients were grouped according to histopathological assessment of disease stage: untreated malignant tumor, treated malignancy and benign disease. Elevated T1/T2 means were observed for biopsy-proven malignant lesions and for malignant lesions treated prior to qMRI with chemotherapy and/or radiation, as compared with benign lesions. The qMRI-obtained T1/T2 ratios correlated with histopathology. Analysis revealed correlation between elevated T1/T2 ratio and disease stage. This could provide valuable complementary information on tissue properties as an additional diagnostic tool.

Histogram analysis parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can predict histopathological findings including proliferation potential, cellularity, and nucleic areas in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Surov, Alexey; Meyer, Hans Jonas; Leifels, Leonard; Höhn, Anne-Kathrin; Richter, Cindy; Winter, Karsten

2018-04-20

Our purpose was to analyze possible associations between histogram analysis parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging DCE MRI and histopathological findings like proliferation index, cell count and nucleic areas in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). 30 patients (mean age 57.0 years) with primary HNSCC were included in the study. In every case, histogram analysis parameters of K trans , V e , and K ep were estimated using a mathlab based software. Tumor proliferation index, cell count, and nucleic areas were estimated on Ki 67 antigen stained specimens. Spearman's non-parametric rank sum correlation coefficients were calculated between DCE and different histopathological parameters. KI 67 correlated with K trans min ( p = -0.386, P = 0.043) and s K trans skewness ( p = 0.382, P = 0.045), V e min ( p = -0.473, P = 0.011), Ve entropy ( p = 0.424, P = 0.025), and K ep entropy ( p = 0.464, P = 0.013). Cell count correlated with K trans kurtosis ( p = 0.40, P = 0.034), V e entropy ( p = 0.475, P = 0.011). Total nucleic area correlated with V e max ( p = 0.386, P = 0.042) and V e entropy ( p = 0.411, P = 0.030). In G1/2 tumors, only K trans entropy correlated well with total ( P =0.78, P =0.013) and average nucleic areas ( p = 0.655, P = 0.006). In G3 tumors, KI 67 correlated with Ve min ( p = -0.552, P = 0.022) and V e entropy ( p = 0.524, P = 0.031). Ve max correlated with total nucleic area ( p = 0.483, P = 0.049). Kep max correlated with total area ( p = -0.51, P = 0.037), and K ep entropy with KI 67 ( p = 0.567, P = 0.018). We concluded that histogram-based parameters skewness, kurtosis and entropy of K trans , V e , and K ep can be used as markers for proliferation activity, cellularity and nucleic content in HNSCC. Tumor grading influences significantly associations between perfusion and histopathological parameters.

MR Enterography of the Ileoanal Pouch: Descriptive Radiologic Analysis With Endoscopic and Pathologic Correlation.

PubMed

Sahi, Kamaldeep Singh; Lee, Karen S; Moss, Alan; Yee, Eric; Allard, Felicia; Brook, Alexander; Mortele, Koenraad J

2015-11-01

The purpose of this study was to describe the MR enterography (MRE) appearance of inflammation of the ileoanal pouch after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery and to correlate it with pouch endoscopic and histopathologic findings. All MRE studies performed between October 1, 2007, and September 30, 2013, for patients who had previously undergone IPAA (n = 54) were retrieved. After review of medical records, the patients who underwent MRE, pouch endoscopy, and biopsy within 90 days (14 men, 14 women; mean age, 42.2 years; range, 24-67 years) were selected for inclusion in the study. Two blinded MRI radiologists in consensus retrospectively evaluated MRE studies for multiple MRI features. Two MRI scores were then calculated: an active and a composite inflammation score. A gastroenterologist retrospectively reviewed the pouch endoscopic images, and a pathologist reviewed the slides; both of these investigators were blinded. Both MRI scores were correlated with the pouch endoscopic and histopathologic findings. The composite MRI score had strong positive correlation with the endoscopic score (r = 0.61; p = 0.0005) but weak positive correlation with the histopathologic score (r = 0.31; p = 0.10, not statistically significant). The active inflammation MRI score had moderate positive correlation with the endoscopic score (r = 0.57; p = 0.0017) and weak positive correlation with the histopathologic score (r = 0.20; p = 0.31, not statistically significant). An MRI score ≥ 4 indicated the best results, with sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 79%, positive predictive value of 80%, negative predictive value of 85%, and accuracy of 82% for pouch inflammation. A positive likelihood ratio of 4.00 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.18 were obtained. In patients who have undergone IPAA surgery, the MRE findings strongly correlate with the pouch endoscopic findings with high sensitivity and positive predictive value for pouch inflammation. Therefore, MRE is a useful noninvasive test performed without ionizing radiation that can be used to evaluate patients with clinical symptoms and possibly alleviate the need for endoscopy in a select patient population.

Frequency of histopathological changes in Howler monkeys ( Alouatta sp.) naturally infected with yellow fever virus in Brazil.

PubMed

Leal, Silvana Gomes; Romano, Alessandro Pecego Martins; Monteiro, Rafael Veríssimo; Melo, Cristiano Barros de; Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa; Castro, Márcio Botelho de

2016-02-01

Due to the importance that Howler monkeys have on the yellow fever (YF) epidemiological sylvatic cycle in Brazil, more accurate morphological diagnostic criteria needs to be established, especially considering the differences that may exist between the genera of Brazilian non-human primates (NHPs) involved in yellow fever virus (YFV) epizootics. Records of YF epizootics in NHPs in Brazil between 2007 and 2009 were obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health database to select YF positive (n=98) Howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.) for this study. The changes described in the histopathological reports were categorized by organ and their frequencies calculated. The most frequent lesions observed in the animals with YF were hepatocyte apoptosis (Councilman body formation), midzonal hepatocyte necrosis, steatosis, liver hemorrhage, inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration of the liver, renal acute tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis. Midzonal hepatocyte necrosis, steatosis and hemorrhage presented positive correlations with apoptosis of hepatocytes, suggesting strong YFV pathogenic effect association; they were also the main histopathological changes in the Alouatta sp. A pronounced negative correlation between apoptosis of hepatocytes and hepatic mononuclear cell infiltration pointed to significant histopathological differences between YFV infection in Howler monkeys and humans. The results warn that NHPs may exhibit different response patterns following YFV infection and require a more careful diagnosis. Presumptive diagnosis based on primate histopathological lesions may contribute to public health service control.

Identification of sperm mRNA biomarkers associated with testis injury during preclinical testing of pharmaceutical compounds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dere, Edward

The human testis is sensitive to toxicant-induced injury but current methods for detecting adverse effects are limited, insensitive and unreliable. Animal studies use sensitive histopathological endpoints to assess toxicity, but require testicular tissue that is not available during human clinical trials. More sensitive and reliable molecular biomarkers of testicular injury are needed to better monitor testicular toxicity in both clinical and preclinical. Adult male Wistar Han rats were exposed for 4 weeks to compounds previously associated with testicular injury, including cisplatin (0, 0.2, 0.3, or 0.4 mg/kg/day), BI665915 (0, 20, 70, 100 mg/kg/d), BI665636 (0, 20, 100 mg/kg/d) or BI163538more » (0, 70, 150, 300 mg/kg/d) to evaluate reproductive toxicity and assess changes in sperm mRNA levels. None of the compounds resulted in any significant changes in body, testis or epididymis weights, nor were there decreases in testicular homogenization resistant spermatid head counts. Histopathological evaluation found that only BI665915 treatment caused any testicular effects, including minor germ cell loss and disorganization of the seminiferous tubule epithelium, and an increase in the number of retained spermatid heads. A custom PCR-array panel was used to assess induced changes in sperm mRNA. BI665915 treatment resulted in a significant increase in clusterin (Clu) levels and decreases in GTPase, IMAP family member 4 (Gimap4), prostaglandin D2 synthase (Ptgds) and transmembrane protein with EGF like and two follistatin like domains 1 (Tmeff1) levels. Correlation analysis between transcript levels and quantitative histopathological endpoints found a modest association between Clu with retained spermatid heads. These results demonstrate that sperm mRNA levels are sensitive molecular indicators of testicular injury that can potentially be translated into a clinical setting. - Highlights: • Testing of pharmaceutical compounds identified altered sperm mRNA transcripts. • Altered sperm mRNAs correlated with changes in testicular histopathology. • Sperm mRNAs can potentially be used as surrogates to assess testis injury.« less

Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque detection by resonance Raman spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Cheng-hui; Boydston-White, Susie; Weisberg, Arel; Wang, Wubao; Sordillo, Laura A.; Perotte, Adler; Tomaselli, Vincent P.; Sordillo, Peter P.; Pei, Zhe; Shi, Lingyan; Alfano, Robert R.

2016-12-01

A clear correlation has been observed between the resonance Raman (RR) spectra of plaques in the aortic tunica intimal wall of a human corpse and three states of plaque evolution: fibrolipid plaques, calcified and ossified plaques, and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (VPs). These three states of atherosclerotic plaque lesions demonstrated unique RR molecular fingerprints from key molecules, rendering their spectra unique with respect to one another. The vibrational modes of lipids, cholesterol, carotenoids, tryptophan and heme proteins, the amide I, II, III bands, and methyl/methylene groups from the intrinsic atherosclerotic VPs in tissues were studied. The salient outcome of the investigation was demonstrating the correlation between RR measurements of VPs and the thickness measurements of fibrous caps on VPs using standard histopathology methods, an important metric in evaluating the stability of a VP. The RR results show that VPs undergo a structural change when their caps thin to 66 μm, very close to the 65-μm empirical medical definition of a thin cap fibroatheroma plaque, the most unstable type of VP.

Intraoperative optical biopsy for brain tumors using spectro-lifetime properties of intrinsic fluorophores

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasefi, Fartash; Kittle, David S.; Nie, Zhaojun; Falcone, Christina; Patil, Chirag G.; Chu, Ray M.; Mamelak, Adam N.; Black, Keith L.; Butte, Pramod V.

2016-04-01

We have developed and tested a system for real-time intra-operative optical identification and classification of brain tissues using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS). A supervised learning algorithm using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) employing selected intrinsic fluorescence decay temporal points in 6 spectral bands was employed to maximize statistical significance difference between training groups. The linear discriminant analysis on in vivo human tissues obtained by TRFS measurements (N = 35) were validated by histopathologic analysis and neuronavigation correlation to pre-operative MRI images. These results demonstrate that TRFS can differentiate between normal cortex, white matter and glioma.

MRI appearance of massive renal replacement lipomatosis in the absence of renal calculus disease

PubMed Central

Fitzgerald, E; Melamed, J; Taneja, S S; Rosenkrantz, A B

2011-01-01

Renal replacement lipomatosis is a rare benign entity in which extensive fibrofatty proliferation of the renal sinus is associated with marked renal atrophy. In this report, we present a case of massive renal replacement lipomatosis demonstrated on MRI. The presentation was atypical given an absence of associated renal calculus disease, and an initial CT scan was interpreted as suspicious for a liposarcoma. The differential diagnosis and key MRI findings that served to establish this specific diagnosis are reviewed. Histopathological correlation is also presented, as the patient underwent nephroureterectomy. PMID:21257835

An open label trial of folate receptor-targeted intraoperative molecular imaging to localize pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas

PubMed Central

Predina, Jarrod D.; Newton, Andrew D.; Xia, Leilei; Corbett, Christopher; Connolly, Courtney; Shin, Michael; Sulyok, Lydia Frezel; Litzky, Leslie; Deshpande, Charuhas; Nie, Shuming; Kularatne, Sumith A.; Low, Philip S.; Singhal, Sunil

2018-01-01

Background Clinical applicability of folate receptor-targeted intraoperative molecular imaging (FR-IMI) has been established for surgically resectable pulmonary adenocarcinoma. A role for FR-IMI in other lung cancer histologies has not been studied. In this study, we evaluate feasibility of FR-IMI in patients undergoing pulmonary resection for squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Methods In a human clinical trial (NCT02602119), twelve subjects with pulmonary SCCs underwent FR-IMI with a near-infrared contrast agent that targets the folate receptor-α (FRα), OTL38. Near-infrared signal from tumors and benign lung was quantified to calculate tumor-to-background ratios (TBR). Folate receptor-alpha expression was characterized, and histopathologic correlative analyses were performed to evaluate patterns of OTL38 accumulation. An exploratory analysis was performed to determine patient and histopathologic variables that predict tumor fluorescence. Results 9 of 13 SCCs (in 9 of 12 of subjects) displayed intraoperative fluorescence upon NIR evaluation (median TBR, 3.9). OTL38 accumulated within SCCs in a FRα-dependent manner. FR-IMI was reliable in localizing nodules as small as 1.1 cm, and prevented conversion to thoracotomy for nodule localization in three subjects. Upon evaluation of patient and histopathologic variables, in situ fluorescence was associated with distance from the pleural surface, and was independent of alternative variables including tumor size and metabolic activity. Conclusions This work demonstrates that FR-IMI is potentially feasible in 70% of SCC patients, and that molecular imaging can improve localization during minimally invasive pulmonary resection. These findings complement previous data demonstrating that ∼98% of pulmonary adenocarcinomas are localized during FR-IMI and suggest broad applicability for NSCLC patients undergoing resection. PMID:29568374

The potential risk of vessel infiltration and cervical lymph node metastasis in hypopharyngeal superficial squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective observational study.

PubMed

Ebisumoto, Koji; Okami, Kenji; Sakai, Akihiro; Ogura, Go; Sugimoto, Ryousuke; Saito, Kosuke; Komita, Kaoru; Nakamura, Naoya; Iida, Masahiro

2015-07-01

The depth of hypopharyngeal superficial cancer may predict vessel infiltration and potential risk of cervical lymph node metastasis. To elucidate the histopathological predictors of vessel infiltration and the risk of regional lymph node metastasis in hypopharyngeal superficial cancer. This study included 31 lesions from 30 patients who had undergone transoral en bloc resection in the hospital. Patients with intraepithelial neoplasia or muscular invasion were excluded. Patient characteristics, nodal status, state of vessel infiltration, state of perineural invasion, histopathological parameters, and post-operative cervical lymph node recurrence were retrospectively examined. The histopathological parameters measured were tumor diameter and the following three parameters: tumor thickness, depth from the mucosal surface, and depth from the basement membrane. Correlations between histopathological parameters and state of vessel infiltration were statistically analyzed. Of the 31 lesions examined, four had vessel infiltration. Three of the four lesions with vessel infiltration had regional lymph node metastasis as well as subsequent lymph node metastasis. Lesions with vessel infiltration were significantly deeper than those without. In contrast, there was no significant difference in lesion diameters. In addition, there was no correlation between the depth and the diameter of the lesion.

Correlation of pancreatic histopathologic findings and islet yield in children with chronic pancreatitis undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation.

PubMed

Kobayashi, Takashi; Manivel, Juan C; Bellin, Melena D; Carlson, Annelisa M; Moran, Antoinette; Freeman, Martin L; Hering, Bernhard J; Sutherland, David E R

2010-01-01

The probability of insulin independence after intraportal islet autotransplantation (IAT) for chronic pancreatitis (CP) treated by total pancreatectomy (TP) relates to the number of islets isolated from the excised pancreas. Our goal was to correlate the islet yield with the histopathologic findings and the clinical parameters in pediatric (age, <19 years) CP patients undergoing TP-IAT. Eighteen pediatric CP patients aged 5 to 18 years (median, 15.6 years) who underwent TP-IAT were studied. Demographics and clinical history came from medical records. Histopathologic specimens from the pancreas were evaluated for presence and severity of fibrosis, acinar cell atrophy, inflammation, and nesidioblastosis by a surgical pathologist blinded to clinical information. Fibrosis and acinar atrophy negatively correlated with islet yield (P = 0.02, r = -0.50), particularly in hereditary CP (P = 0.01). Previous duct drainage surgeries also had a strong negative correlation (P = 0.01). Islet yield was better in younger (preteen) children (P = 0.02, r = -0.61) and in those with pancreatitis of shorter duration (P = 0.04, r = -0.39). For preserving beta cell mass, it is best to perform TP-IAT early in the course of CP in children, and prior drainage procedures should be avoided to maximize the number of islets available, especially in hereditary disease.

Somatostatin receptor immunohistochemistry in neuroendocrine tumors: comparison between manual and automated evaluation

PubMed Central

Daniel, Kaemmerer; Maria, Athelogou; Amelie, Lupp; Isabell, Lenhardt; Stefan, Schulz; Luisa, Peter; Merten, Hommann; Vikas, Prasad; Gerd, Binnig; Paul, Baum Richard

2014-01-01

Background: Manual evaluation of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a time-consuming and cost-intensive procedure. Aim of the study was to compare manual evaluation of SSTR subtype IHC to an automated software-based analysis, and to in-vivo imaging by SSTR-based PET/CT. Methods: We examined 25 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NET) patients and correlated their in-vivo SSTR-PET/CT data (determined by the standardized uptake values SUVmax,-mean) with the corresponding ex-vivo IHC data of SSTR subtype (1, 2A, 4, 5) expression. Exactly the same lesions were imaged by PET/CT, resected and analyzed by IHC in each patient. After manual evaluation, the IHC slides were digitized and automatically evaluated for SSTR expression by Definiens XD software. A virtual IHC score “BB1” was created for comparing the manual and automated analysis of SSTR expression. Results: BB1 showed a significant correlation with the corresponding conventionally determined Her2/neu score of the SSTR-subtypes 2A (rs: 0.57), 4 (rs: 0.44) and 5 (rs: 0.43). BB1 of SSTR2A also significantly correlated with the SUVmax (rs: 0.41) and the SUVmean (rs: 0.50). Likewise, a significant correlation was seen between the conventionally evaluated SSTR2A status and the SUVmax (rs: 0.42) and SUVmean (rs: 0.62).Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the evaluation of the SSTR status by automated analysis (BB1 score), using digitized histopathology slides (“virtual microscopy”), corresponds well with the SSTR2A, 4 and 5 expression as determined by conventional manual histopathology. The BB1 score also exhibited a significant association to the SSTR-PET/CT data in accordance with the high affinity profile of the SSTR analogues used for imaging. PMID:25197368

Radiologic and histopathologic review of rare benign and malignant breast diseases

PubMed Central

Dağıstan, Emine; Kızıldağ, Betül; Gürel, Safiye; Barut, Yüksel; Paşaoğlu, Esra

2017-01-01

High social awareness of breast diseases and the rise in breast imaging facilities have led to an increase in the detection of even rare benign and malignant breast lesions. Breast lesions are associated with a broad spectrum of imaging characteristics, and each radiologic imaging technique reflects different characteristics of them. We aimed to increase familiarity of the radiologist with these uncommon lesions as well as correlate histopathologic findings with the radiologic imaging features of the tumors. Histopathologic examination is necessary in the evaluation of such breast lesions, particularly when radiologic images are not definitive for a specific diagnosis. PMID:28508760

Mastitis, a Radiographic, Clinical, and Histopathologic Review.

PubMed

Cheng, Lin; Reddy, Vijaya; Solmos, Gene; Watkins, Latanja; Cimbaluk, David; Bitterman, Pincas; Ghai, Ritu; Gattuso, Paolo

2015-01-01

Mastitis is a benign inflammatory process of the breast with heterogeneous histopathological findings, which clinically and radiographically may mimic a mammary carcinoma. We undertook a retrospective study on 37 cases of mastitis in our institution to correlate the radiographic imaging features and the clinical presentation with the histopathological findings. Histologically, there were 21 granulomatous, 7 fibrous, 3 plasma cell, 3 lupus, 2 lymphocytic, and 1 case of acute mastitis. Radiographically, 16/25 (64%) patients with ultrasound studies showed irregular hypoechoic masses suspicious for malignancy. Clinically, 38% of patients had an associated systemic disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Protective Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on Experimental Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Ovary.

PubMed

Bakacak, Murat; Bostanci, Mehmet Suhha; İnanc, Fatma; Yaylali, Asli; Serin, Salih; Attar, Rukset; Yildirim, Gazi; Yildirim, Ozge Kizilkale

2016-01-01

Ovarian torsion is a common cause of local ischemic damage, reduced follicular activity and infertility. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains growth factors with demonstrated cytoprotective properties; so we evaluated PRP efficacy in a rat ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. Sixty adult female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups of 8 animals each: Sham, Ischemia, I/R, Sham + PRP, I + PRP and I/R + PRP; and the remaining 12 used to prepare PRP. Ischemia groups were subjected to bilateral adnexal torsion for 3 h, while I/R and I/R + PRP groups received subsequent detorsion for 3 h. Intraperitoneal PRP was administered 30 min prior to ischemia (Ischemia + PRP) or reperfusion (I/R + PRP). Total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and total ovarian histopathological scores were higher in Ischemia and I/R groups than in the Sham group (p < 0.05). PRP decreased mean TOS, OSI and histopathological scores in I + PRP and I/R + PRP groups compared to the corresponding Ischemia and I/R groups (p < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between total histopathological score and OSI (r = 0.877, p < 0.001). Peritoneal vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly higher in PRP-treated groups than corresponding untreated groups (p < 0.05). PRP is effective for the prevention of ischemia and reperfusion damage in rat ovary. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Evaluation of Rosemont criteria for non-calcific chronic pancreatitis (NCCP) based on histopathology - A retrospective study.

PubMed

Trikudanathan, Guru; Munigala, Satish; Barlass, Usman; Malli, Ahmad; Han, Yusheng; Sekulic, Miroslav; Bellin, Melena; Chinnakotla, Srinath; Dunn, Ty; Pruett, Timothy; Beilman, Gregory; Peralta, Jose-Vega; Arain, Mustafa; Amateau, Stuart; Mallery, Shawn; Freeman, Martin L; Attam, Rajeev

Rosemont classification for chronic pancreatitis has not been evaluated specifically in non-calcific chronic pancreatitis (NCCP) patients and to this date, it has not been correlated with the gold standard namely histopathology. To assess the correlation of EUS Rosemont criteria for NCCP with histopathology from surgical specimens and evaluate the impact of age, sex, BMI, smoking and alcohol on Rosemont classification. Adult patients undergoing TPIAT for NCCP between July 2009 and January 2013 were identified from our institutional database. The presence or absence of standard and Rosemont (major and minor) criteria were determined by expert endosonographers using linear endosonography. Patients were categorized into normal, indeterminate and suggestive with CP based on Rosemont classification. Histology was obtained at time of TPIAT from the resected pancreas by wedge biopsy of head, body and tail. All histopathology were re-reviewed by a GI pathologist blinded to endosonographic features and clinical outcomes. Available pancreatic tissue was graded for severity of intralobular and perilobular pancreatic fibrosis by the Ammann classification system. 50 patients with NCCP (42 females, mean age± SD = 37.9 ± 10.8) underwent TPIAT with preoperative EUS during the study period. Univariate analysis of features such as age, sex, BMI, smoking and alcohol history showed no significant difference between patients identified as normal and those identified as indeterminate/suggestive (p > 0.05). Rosemont "Normal" was poor in excluding CP as 5/9 patients (55.5%) had CP on histopathology. 25/26 patients (96.2%) with features "suggestive" of CP had evidence of CP on histopathology. 12/15 patients (80.0%) with "indeterminate" features had CP on histopathology. Rosemont classification can be used independent of patient characteristics (age, sex and BMI) and environmental factors (smoking and alcohol exposure). In our cohort, Rosemont classification was strongly predictive of CP in patients with features "suggestive" of CP. However, "normal" Rosemont classification had poor correlation in this study. This is maybe due to lack of true comparator "normal" pancreas which cannot be obtained reasonably. The strength of agreement for diagnosis of CP was substantial between the standard and Rosemont criteria. Copyright © 2016 IAP and EPC. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Monitoring impacts of air pollution: PIXE analysis and histopathological modalities in evaluating relative risks of elemental contamination.

PubMed

Ejaz, Sohail; Camer, Gerry Amor; Anwar, Khaleeq; Ashraf, Muhammad

2014-04-01

Environmental toxicants invariably affect all biological organisms resulting to sufferings ranging from subclinical to debilitating clinical conditions. This novel research aimed to determine the toxic burdens of increased environmental elements in some vital organs/tissues of the wild animals (starling, owl, crow and pigeon), exposed to air polluted environment were assessed using particle induced X-ray emission and histopathological approaches. The presence of significantly elevated amounts of elemental toxicants namely: Aluminum (Al), Chlorine (Cl), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Silicon (Si) and Vanadium (V) from the skin, muscle, lungs, liver and kidney of sampled animals were in concurrence with the observed histopathological changes. The skin of sampled starling, owl, pigeon and crow spotlighted highly significant increase (P < 0.001) in Al, Cl, Mg and Si. Muscle samples with myodegenerative lesions and mineral depositions highlighted substantial augmentation (P < 0.001) in the amount of Al, Fe, Mn, Si and V. The lungs of starling, owl, and pigeon were severely intoxicated (P < 0.001) with increased amount of Al, Fe, K, Mn and Si producing pulmonary lesions of congestion, edema, pneumonitis and mineral debris depositions. Liver samples revealed that the sampled animals were laden with Cl, Fe, Mg, Mn and V with histopathological profound degenerative changes and hepatic necrosis. Kidney sections presented severe tubular degenerative and necrotic changes that may be attributed to increased amounts of Cl and Fe. These current findings implied that the environmental/elemental toxicants and the accompanying lesions that were discerned in the organs/tissues of sampled birds may as well be afflicting people living within the polluted area. Further assessment to more conclusively demonstrate correlations of current findings to those of the populace within the area is encouraged.

Histopathological image analysis of chemical-induced hepatocellular hypertrophy in mice.

PubMed

Asaoka, Yoshiji; Togashi, Yuko; Mutsuga, Mayu; Imura, Naoko; Miyoshi, Tomoya; Miyamoto, Yohei

2016-04-01

Chemical-induced hepatocellular hypertrophy is frequently observed in rodents, and is mostly caused by the induction of phase I and phase II drug metabolic enzymes and peroxisomal lipid metabolic enzymes. Liver weight is a sensitive and commonly used marker for detecting hepatocellular hypertrophy, but is also increased by a number of other factors. Histopathological observations subjectively detect changes such as hepatocellular hypertrophy based on the size of a hepatocyte. Therefore, quantitative microscopic observations are required to evaluate histopathological alterations objectively. In the present study, we developed a novel quantitative method for an image analysis of hepatocellular hypertrophy using liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and demonstrated its usefulness for evaluating hepatocellular hypertrophy induced by phenobarbital (a phase I and phase II enzyme inducer) and clofibrate (a peroxisomal enzyme inducer) in mice. The algorithm of this imaging analysis was designed to recognize an individual hepatocyte through a combination of pixel-based and object-based analyses. Hepatocellular nuclei and the surrounding non-hepatocellular cells were recognized by the pixel-based analysis, while the areas of the recognized hepatocellular nuclei were then expanded until they ran against their expanding neighboring hepatocytes and surrounding non-hepatocellular cells by the object-based analysis. The expanded area of each hepatocellular nucleus was regarded as the size of an individual hepatocyte. The results of this imaging analysis showed that changes in the sizes of hepatocytes corresponded with histopathological observations in phenobarbital and clofibrate-treated mice, and revealed a correlation between hepatocyte size and liver weight. In conclusion, our novel image analysis method is very useful for quantitative evaluations of chemical-induced hepatocellular hypertrophy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA PET/CT Versus Histopathology in Primary Localized Prostate Cancer: A Voxel-Wise Comparison

PubMed Central

Zamboglou, Constantinos; Schiller, Florian; Fechter, Tobias; Wieser, Gesche; Jilg, Cordula Annette; Chirindel, Alin; Salman, Nasr; Drendel, Vanessa; Werner, Martin; Mix, Michael; Meyer, Philipp Tobias; Grosu, Anca Ligia

2016-01-01

Purpose: We performed a voxel-wise comparison of 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA PET/CT with prostate histopathology to evaluate the performance of 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA for the detection and delineation of primary prostate cancer (PCa). Methodology: Nine patients with histopathological proven primary PCa underwent 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA PET/CT followed by radical prostatectomy. Resected prostates were scanned by ex-vivo CT in a special localizer and histopathologically prepared. Histopathological information was matched to ex-vivo CT. PCa volume (PCa-histo) and non-PCa tissue in the prostate (NPCa-histo) were processed to obtain a PCa-model, which was adjusted to PET-resolution (histo-PET). Each histo-PET was coregistered to in-vivo PSMA-PET/CT data. Results: Analysis of spatial overlap between histo-PET and PSMA PET revealed highly significant correlations (p < 10-5) in nine patients and moderate to high coefficients of determination (R²) from 42 to 82 % with an average of 60 ± 14 % in eight patients (in one patient R2 = 7 %). Mean SUVmean in PCa-histo and NPCa-histo was 5.6 ± 6.1 and 3.3 ± 2.5 (p = 0.012). Voxel-wise receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses comparing the prediction by PSMA-PET with the non-smoothed tumor distribution from histopathology yielded an average area under the curve of 0.83 ± 0.12. Absolute and relative SUV (normalized to SUVmax) thresholds for achieving at least 90 % sensitivity were 3.19 ± 3.35 and 0.28 ± 0.09, respectively. Conclusions: Voxel-wise analyses revealed good correlations of 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA PET/CT and histopathology in eight out of nine patients. Thus, PSMA-PET allows a reliable detection and delineation of PCa as basis for PET-guided focal therapies. PMID:27446496

Histopathologic correlation of magnetic resonance imaging signal patterns in a spinal cord injury model.

PubMed

Weirich, S D; Cotler, H B; Narayana, P A; Hazle, J D; Jackson, E F; Coupe, K J; McDonald, C L; Langford, L A; Harris, J H

1990-07-01

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a noninvasive method of monitoring the pathologic response to spinal cord injury. Specific MR signal intensity patterns appear to correlate with degrees of improvement in the neurologic status in spinal cord injury patients. Histologic correlation of two types of MR signal intensity patterns are confirmed in the current study using a rat animal model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent spinal cord trauma at the midthoracic level using a weight-dropping technique. After laminectomy, 5- and 10-gm brass weights were dropped from designated heights onto a 0.1-gm impounder placed on the exposed dura. Animals allowed to regain consciousness demonstrated variable recovery of hind limb paraplegia. Magnetic resonance images were obtained from 2 hours to 1 week after injury using a 2-tesla MRI/spectrometer. Sacrifice under anesthesia was performed by perfusive fixation; spinal columns were excised en bloc, embedded, sectioned, and observed with the compound light microscope. Magnetic resonance axial images obtained during the time sequence after injury demonstrate a distinct correlation between MR signal intensity patterns and the histologic appearance of the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging delineates the pathologic processes resulting from acute spinal cord injury and can be used to differentiate the type of injury and prognosis.

Measurement of the perfusion fraction in brain tumors with intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging: validation with histopathological vascular density in meningiomas.

PubMed

Togao, Osamu; Hiwatashi, Akio; Yamashita, Koji; Kikuchi, Kazufumi; Momosaka, Daichi; Yoshimoto, Koji; Kuga, Daisuke; Mizoguchi, Masahiro; Suzuki, Satoshi O; Iwaki, Toru; Van Cauteren, Marc; Iihara, Koji; Honda, Hiroshi

2018-05-01

To evaluate the quantification performance of the perfusion fraction (f) measured with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging in a comparison with the histological vascular density in meningiomas. 29 consecutive patients with meningioma (59.0 ± 16.8 years old, 8 males and 21 females) who underwent a subsequent surgical resection were examined with both IVIM imaging and a histopathological analysis. IVIM imaging was conducted using a single-shot SE-EPI sequence with 13 b-factors (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 100, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1000 s mm - 2 ) at 3T. The perfusion fraction (f) was calculated by fitting the IVIM bi-exponential model. The 90-percentile f-value in the tumor region-of-interest (ROI) was defined as the maximum f-value (f-max). Histopathological vascular density (%Vessel) was measured on CD31-immunostainted histopathological specimens. The correlation and agreement between the f-values and %Vessel was assessed. The f-max (15.5 ± 5.5%) showed excellent agreement [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.754] and a significant correlation (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001) with the %Vessel (12.9 ± 9.4%) of the tumors. The Bland-Altman plot analysis showed excellent agreement between the f-max and %Vessel (bias, -2.6%; 95% limits of agreement, from -16.0 to 10.8%). The f-max was not significantly different among the histological subtypes of meningioma. An excellent agreement and a significant correlation were observed between the f-values and %Vessel. The f-value can be used as a noninvasive quantitative imaging measure to directly assess the vascular volume fraction in brain tumors. Advances in knowledge: The f-value measured by IVIM imaging showed a significant correlation and an excellent agreement with the histological vascular density in the meningiomas. The f-value can be used as a noninvasive and quantitative imaging measure to directly assess the volume fraction of capillaries in brain tumors.

Vascular perfusion kinetics by contrast-enhanced ultrasound are related to synovial microvascularity in the joints of psoriatic arthritis.

PubMed

Fiocco, Ugo; Stramare, Roberto; Coran, Alessandro; Grisan, Enrico; Scagliori, Elena; Caso, Francesco; Costa, Luisa; Lunardi, Francesca; Oliviero, Francesca; Bianchi, Fulvia Chieco; Scanu, Anna; Martini, Veronica; Boso, Daniele; Beltrame, Valeria; Vezzù, Maristella; Cozzi, Luisella; Scarpa, Raffaele; Sacerdoti, David; Punzi, Leonardo; Doria, Andrea; Calabrese, Fiorella; Rubaltelli, Leopoldo

2015-11-01

The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship of the continuous mode contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound (CEUS) imaging with the histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) quantitative estimation of microvascular proliferation on synovial samples of patients affected by sustained psoriatic arthritis (PsA). A dedicated linear transducer was used in conjunction with a specific continuous mode contrast enhanced harmonic imaging technology with a second-generation sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubbles C-agent. The examination was carried out within 1 week before arthroscopic biopsies in 32 active joints. Perfusional parameters were analyzed including regional blood flow (RBF); peak (PEAK) of the C-signal intensity, proportional to the regional blood volume (RBV); beta (β) perfusion frequency; slope (S), representing the inclination of the tangent in the origin; and the refilling time (RT), the reverse of beta. Arthroscopic synovial biopsies were targeted in the hypervascularity areas, as in the same knee recesses assessed by CEUS; the synovial cell infiltrate and vascularity (vessel density) was evaluated by IHC staining of CD45 (mononuclear cell) and CD31, CD105 (endothelial cell) markers, measured by computer-assisted morphometric analysis. In the CEUS area examined, the corresponding time-intensity curves demonstrated a slow rise time. Synovial histology showed slight increased layer lining thickness, perivascular lymphomonocyte cell infiltration, and microvascular remodeling, with marked vessel wall thickening with reduction of the vascular lumen. A significant correlation was found between RT and CD31+ as PEAK and CD105+ vessel density; RT was inversely correlated to RBF, PEAK, S, and β. The study demonstrated the association of the CEUS perfusion kinetics with the histopathological quantitative and morphologic estimation of synovial microvascular proliferation, suggesting that a CEUS imaging represents a reliable tool for the estimate of the synovial hypervascularity in PsA.

Histological Value of Duodenal Biopsies

PubMed Central

Gupta, Limci; B., Hamid

2005-01-01

This study was performed to see the value of histopathological diagnosis in management of patients with duodenal biopsies; to look for correlation of histology and serology in suspected cases of coeliac disease; the reasons for taking duodenal biopsies and whether proper adequate histories are provided on the forms sent with request for histopathological view on duodenal biopsies. Here are the observations of the study followed by the discussion. PMID:15915293

Role of Macrophage-Induced Inflammation in Mesothelioma

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-01

in human mesothelioma tumors and correlate immune cell infiltration with histopathologic subtype (months 1-6). Using tumor tissue microarrays of... histopathologic subtype (months 1-6). • Acquired 71 fixed and paraffin-embedded mesothelioma tumor samples • Prepared mesothelioma tumor tissue...Biol., 2008. 84: p. 1-8. 5. Dave, S.S., et al., Prediction of survival in follicular lymphoma based on molecular features of tumor-infiltrating

Cut-point for Ki-67 proliferation index as a prognostic marker for glioblastoma.

PubMed

Wong, Eugene; Nahar, Najmun; Hau, Eric; Varikatt, Winny; Gebski, Val; Ng, Thomas; Jayamohan, Jayasingham; Sundaresan, Puma

2018-01-16

Ki-67 proliferation index (Ki-67 index) is used to quantify cell proliferation during histopathological assessment of various tumors including glioblastoma (GB). We aimed to assess correlation between Ki-67 index and overall survival in patients with GB and determine a cut-point for Ki-67 index that predicts for poorer survival. Records of adult patients diagnosed with GB on histopathological specimens at a tertiary cancer center in Sydney between 1 January 2002 and 30 July 2012 were retrieved. Specimens of these patients were examined for quantification of Ki-67 staining by two independent pathologists. Patient, disease, treatment, and survival data were collected from hospital and cancer care service records. Statistical analysis was performed using proportional hazards models, Kaplan-Meier curves, and the minimum P-value approach. Of the eligible 71 patients, 58% were males with median age of 58 (range 18-87). Seventy-three percent of patients were of ECOG performance status 0-1. There was a statistically significant correlation between Ki-67 index and overall survival. In patients with Ki-67 > 22% (n = 36), 5-year survival was approximately 30% compared to 5% in those with Ki-67 ≤ 22% (n = 35; log-rank P-value = 0.04; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.53; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.29-0.97). This study demonstrates a positive correlation between Ki-67 index and overall survival in patients with GB. Percentage staining of Ki-67 < 22% appears to predict for poorer survival in GB. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Prevalence of herpes simplex, Epstein Barr and human papilloma viruses in oral lichen planus.

PubMed

Yildirim, Benay; Sengüven, Burcu; Demir, Cem

2011-03-01

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of Herpes Simplex virus, Epstein Barr virus and Human Papilloma virus -16 in oral lichen planus cases and to evaluate whether any clinical variant, histopathological or demographic feature correlates with these viruses. The study was conducted on 65 cases. Viruses were detected immunohistochemically. We evaluated the histopathological and demographic features and statistically analysed correlation of these features with Herpes Simplex virus, Epstein Barr virus and Human Papilloma virus-16 positivity. Herpes Simplex virus was positive in six (9%) cases and this was not statistically significant. The number of Epstein Barr virus positive cases was 23 (35%) and it was statistically significant. Human Papilloma virus positivity in 14 cases (21%) was statistically significant. Except basal cell degeneration in Herpes Simplex virus positive cases, we did not observe any significant correlation between virus positivity and demographic or histopathological features. However an increased risk of Epstein Barr virus and Human Papilloma virus infection was noted in oral lichen planus cases. Taking into account the oncogenic potential of both viruses, oral lichen planus cases should be detected for the presence of these viruses.

Practical protocols for fast histopathology by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keith, Frances N.; Reddy, Rohith K.; Bhargava, Rohit

2008-02-01

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging is an emerging technique that combines the molecular selectivity of spectroscopy with the spatial specificity of optical microscopy. We demonstrate a new concept in obtaining high fidelity data using commercial array detectors coupled to a microscope and Michelson interferometer. Next, we apply the developed technique to rapidly provide automated histopathologic information for breast cancer. Traditionally, disease diagnoses are based on optical examinations of stained tissue and involve a skilled recognition of morphological patterns of specific cell types (histopathology). Consequently, histopathologic determinations are a time consuming, subjective process with innate intra- and inter-operator variability. Utilizing endogenous molecular contrast inherent in vibrational spectra, specially designed tissue microarrays and pattern recognition of specific biochemical features, we report an integrated algorithm for automated classifications. The developed protocol is objective, statistically significant and, being compatible with current tissue processing procedures, holds potential for routine clinical diagnoses. We first demonstrate that the classification of tissue type (histology) can be accomplished in a manner that is robust and rigorous. Since data quality and classifier performance are linked, we quantify the relationship through our analysis model. Last, we demonstrate the application of the minimum noise fraction (MNF) transform to improve tissue segmentation.

Application of Synchrotron Radiation Imaging for Non-destructive Monitoring of Mouse Rheumatoid Arthritis Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Choi, Chang-Hyuk; Kim, Hong-Tae; Choe, Jung-Yoon

This study was performed to observe microstructures of the rheumatoid arthritis induced mouse feet using a synchrotron radiation beam and to compare findings with histological observations. X-ray refraction images from ex-vivo rheumatoid arthritis induced mouse feet were obtained with an 8KeV white (unmonochromatic) beam and 20 micron thick CsI(Tl) scintillation crystal. The visual image was magnified using a x 10 microscope objective and captured using digital CCD camera. Experiments were performed at 1B2 bending magnet beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) in Korea. Obtained images were compared with histopathologic findings from same sample. Cartilage destruction and thickened joint capsulemore » with joint space narrowing were clearly identified at each grade of rheumatoid model with spatial resolution of as much as 1.2 micron and these findings were directly correlated with histopathologic findings. The results suggest that x-ray microscopy study of the rheumatoid arthritis model using synchrotron radiation demonstrates the potential for clinically relevant micro structure of mouse feet without sectioning and fixation.« less

Histopathological changes in rat pancreas after fasting and cassava feeding.

PubMed

Geldof, A A; Becking, J L; de Vries, C D; van der Veen, E A

1992-01-01

Histopathological changes in rat pancreas were induced by cyclic periods of experimental malnutrition or by cassava (manioc) feeding for 11 weeks. Decline of body weight was correlated with decrease in testicular fat pad weight as a measure of body fat stores. A marked decrease in pancreatic weight in the cassava-fed group was correlated with shrinkage of acinar structures and degenerative features in exocrine pancreas. In the malnutrition group vacuolisation and loss of tissue architecture were observed in some parts of the organ. No signs of ductal obstruction as a tentative cause of pancreatic pathology after malnutrition could be detected. Loss of islets tissue was occasionally seen in degenerative areas. It is concluded that histopathological changes in exocrine pancreas result from malnutrition and cassava feeding differentially and precede ultimate degenerative processes of pancreas endocrine tissue. Tropical malnutrition type diabetes and low protein related diabetes may in their etiology be different entities, but may coincide in practice and aggravate each other to yield severe and irreversible morbidity.

Prognostic value of contrast-enhanced MR mammography in patients with breast cancer.

PubMed

Fischer, U; Kopka, L; Brinck, U; Korabiowska, M; Schauer, A; Grabbe, E

1997-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of contrast-enhanced MR mammography in patients with breast cancer. A total of 190 patients with breast cancer (37 noninvasive carcinomas, 153 invasive carcinomas) underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MR mammography preoperatively. Using 1.5-T unit, T1-weighted sequences (2D FLASH) were obtained repeatedly one time before and five times after IV administration of 0.1 mmol gadopentetate-dimeglumine per kilogram body weight. The findings on MR imaging were correlated with histopathologically defined prognostic factors (histological type, tumor size, tumor grading, metastasis in lymph nodes). In addition, immunohistochemically defined prognostic factors (c-erbB-1, c-erbB-2, p53, Ki-67) were correlated with the signal increase on MR mammogram in 40 patients. There was no significant correlation between the findings on MR mammography and the histopathological type of carcinoma, the grading, and the lymphonodular status. Noninvasive carcinomas showed a higher rate of moderate (38 %) or low (27 %) enhancement on MR imaging than invasive carcinomas (6 and 3 %). The results on MR mammography and the results of immunohistochemical stainings did not correlate significantly. Noninvasive carcinomas showed significantly lower enhancement than invasive carcinomas. However, the signal behavior of contrast-enhanced MR mammography is not related to established histopathological prognostic parameters as subtyping, grading, nodal status, and the expression of certain oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes.

Comparison of Oncotype DX® Recurrence Score® with other risk assessment tools including the Nottingham Prognostic Index in the identification of patients with low-risk invasive breast cancer.

PubMed

Cotter, Maura Bríd; Dakin, Alex; Maguire, Aoife; Walshe, Janice M; Kennedy, M John; Dunne, Barbara; Riain, Ciarán Ó; Quinn, Cecily M

2017-09-01

Oncotype DX® is a gene expression assay that quantifies the risk of distant recurrence in patients with hormone receptor positive early breast cancer, publicly funded in Ireland since 2011. The aim of this study was to correlate Oncotype DX® risk groupings with traditional histopathological parameters and the results of other risk assessment tools including Recurrence Score-Pathology-Clinical (RSPC), Adjuvant Risk Index (Adj RI), Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) and the Adjuvant! Online 10-year score (AO). Patients were retrospectively identified from the histopathology databases of two Irish hospitals and patient and tumour characteristics collated. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated with Pearson's chi-square test. Correlations were calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficient and concordance using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 22.0.In our 300 patient cohort, Oncotype DX® classified 59.7% (n = 179) as low, 30% (n = 90) as intermediate, and 10.3% (n = 31) as high risk. Overall concordance between the RS and RSPC, Adj RI, NPI, and AO was 67.3% (n = 202), 56.3% (n = 169), 59% (n = 177), and 36.3% (n = 109), respectively. All risk assessment tools classified the majority of patients as low risk apart from the AO 10-year score, with RSPC classifying the highest number of patients as low risk. This study demonstrates that there is good correlation between the RS and scores obtained using alternative risk tools. Concordance with NPI is strong, particularly in the low-risk group. NPI, calculated from traditional clinicopathological characteristics, is a reliable alternative to Oncotype DX® in the identification of low-risk patients who may avoid adjuvant chemotherapy.

Incidental non-benign gallbladder histopathology after cholecystectomy in an United Kingdom population: Need for routine histological analysis?

PubMed Central

Patel, Krashna; Dajani, Khaled; Iype, Satheesh; Chatzizacharias, Nikolaos A; Vickramarajah, Saranya; Singh, Prateush; Davies, Susan; Brais, Rebecca; Liau, Siong S; Harper, Simon; Jah, Asif; Praseedom, Raaj K; Huguet, Emmanuel L

2016-01-01

AIM To analyse the range of histopathology detected in the largest published United Kingdom series of cholecystectomy specimens and to evaluate the rational for selective histopathological analysis. METHODS Incidental gallbladder malignancy is rare in the United Kingdom with recent literature supporting selective histological assessment of gallbladders after routine cholecystectomy. All cholecystectomy gallbladder specimens examined by the histopathology department at our hospital during a five year period between March 2008 and March 2013 were retrospectively analysed. Further data was collected on all specimens demonstrating carcinoma, dysplasia and polypoid growths. RESULTS The study included 4027 patients. The majority (97%) of specimens exhibited gallstone or cholecystitis related disease. Polyps were demonstrated in 44 (1.09%), the majority of which were cholesterol based (41/44). Dysplasia, ranging from low to multifocal high-grade was demonstrated in 55 (1.37%). Incidental primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma was detected in 6 specimens (0.15%, 5 female and 1 male), and a single gallbladder revealed carcinoma in situ (0.02%). This large single centre study demonstrated a full range of gallbladder disease from cholecystectomy specimens, including more than 1% neoplastic histology and two cases of macroscopically occult gallbladder malignancies. CONCLUSION Routine histological evaluation of all elective and emergency cholecystectomies is justified in a United Kingdom population as selective analysis has potential to miss potentially curable life threatening pathology. PMID:27830040

Histopathology of lung disease in the connective tissue diseases.

PubMed

Vivero, Marina; Padera, Robert F

2015-05-01

The pathologic correlates of interstitial lung disease (ILD) secondary to connective tissue disease (CTD) comprise a diverse group of histologic patterns. Lung biopsies in patients with CTD-associated ILD tend to demonstrate simultaneous involvement of multiple anatomic compartments of the lung. Certain histologic patterns tend to predominate in each defined CTD, and it is possible in many cases to confirm connective tissue-associated lung disease and guide patient management using surgical lung biopsy. This article will cover the pulmonary pathologies seen in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, myositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, and mixed CTD. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

3.0 Tesla breast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with nipple discharge when mammography and ultrasound fail.

PubMed

Lubina, Nóra; Schedelbeck, Ulla; Roth, Anne; Weng, Andreas Max; Geissinger, Eva; Hönig, Arnd; Hahn, Dietbert; Bley, Thorsten Alexander

2015-05-01

To compare 3.0 Tesla breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with galactography for detection of benign and malignant causes of nipple discharge in patients with negative mammography and ultrasound. We prospectively evaluated 56 breasts of 50 consecutive patients with nipple discharge who had inconspicuous mammography and ultrasound, using 3.0 Tesla breast MRI with a dedicated 16-channel breast coil, and then compared the results with galactography. Histopathological diagnoses and follow-ups were used as reference standard. Lesion size estimated on MRI was compared with the size at histopathology. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI vs. galactography for detecting pathologic findings were 95.7 % vs. 85.7 % and 69.7 % vs. 33.3 %, respectively. For the supposed concrete pathology based on MRI findings, the specificity was 67.6 % and the sensitivity 77.3 % (PPV 60.7 %, NPV 82.1 %). Eight malignant lesions were detected (14.8 %). The estimated size at breast MRI showed excellent correlation with the size at histopathology (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.95, p < 0.0001). MRI of the breast at 3.0 Tesla is an accurate imaging test and can replace galactography in the workup of nipple discharge in patients with inconspicuous mammography and ultrasound. • Breast MRI is an excellent diagnostic tool for patients with nipple discharge. • MRI of the breast reveals malignant lesions despite inconspicuous mammography and ultrasound. • MRI of the breast has greater sensitivity and specificity than galactography. • Excellent correlation of lesion size measured at MRI and histopathology was found.

MR elastography to measure the effects of cancer and pathology fixation on prostate biomechanics, and comparison with T 1, T 2 and ADC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McGrath, Deirdre M.; Lee, Jenny; Foltz, Warren D.; Samavati, Navid; van der Kwast, Theo; Jewett, Michael A. S.; Chung, Peter; Ménard, Cynthia; Brock, Kristy K.

2017-02-01

MRI is under evaluation for image-guided intervention for prostate cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI parameters is determined via correlation with the gold-standard of histopathology. Whole-mount histopathology of prostatectomy specimens can be digitally registered to in vivo imaging for correlation. When biomechanical-based deformable registration is employed to account for deformation during histopathology processing, the ex vivo biomechanical properties are required. However, these properties are altered by pathology fixation, and vary with disease. Hence, this study employs magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to measure ex vivo prostate biomechanical properties before and after fixation. A quasi-static MRE method was employed to measure high resolution maps of Young’s modulus (E) before and after fixation of canine prostate and prostatectomy specimens (n  =  4) from prostate cancer patients who had previously received radiation therapy. For comparison, T 1, T 2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured in parallel. E (kPa) varied across clinical anatomy and for histopathology-identified tumor: peripheral zone: 99(±22), central gland: 48(±37), tumor: 85(±53), and increased consistently with fixation (factor of 11  ±  5 p  <  0.02). T 2 decreased consistently with fixation, while changes in T 1 and ADC were more complex and inconsistent. The biomechanics of the clinical prostate specimens varied greatly with fixation, and to a lesser extent with disease and anatomy. The data obtained will improve the precision of prostate pathology correlation, leading to more accurate disease detection and targeting.

Comparative evaluation of methylene blue and demeclocycline for enhancing optical contrast of brain neoplasms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wirth, Dennis J.

Brain tumors cause significant morbidity and mortality even when benign. Completeness of resection of brain tumors has been associated with better quality of life. However, that is often difficult to accomplish. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using contrast enhanced multimodal confocal imaging for intraoperative detection of brain neoplasms. Different types of benign and malignant, primary and metastatic brain tumors, stained with Methylene Blue (MB) as a contrast agent, were imaged. MB is a traditional histopathologic stain that absorbs light in the red spectral range and fluoresces in the near infrared. It is FDA-approved for in vivo staining of human skin and breast tissue. Optical images showed good correlation with histopathology, demonstrating the potential of contrast enhanced multimodal confocal imaging for intraoperative detection of brain neoplasms ex vivo. However, the safety of MB for staining human brain in vivo is questionable. Demeclocycline (DMN), an antibiotic of the tetracycline family, has shown to be effective in differentiating normal from cancerous tissue in various organs. DMN is a fluorophore, which absorbs light in the violet spectral range and has a broad emission band covering green and yellow wavelengths. It is commonly used to treat infection and inflammatory disorders, and could provide a safer alternative to MB. To test this hypothesis, fresh excess human brain tissues were bisected and stained with aqueous solutions of either MB or DMN and then imaged. Reflectance and fluorescence images acquired from tissues stained with the two dyes were compared, and correlated with processed H&E histopathology. Comparison showed similar staining patterns and contrast of diagnostic features in glioblastomas, stained using either MB or DMN. The results show potential of both MB and DMN for the intraoperative detection of microscopic nests of brain neoplasms. Further studies will establish safety and efficacy of these agents in vivo.

Histopathological subgroups in knee osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Wyatt, L A; Moreton, B J; Mapp, P I; Wilson, D; Hill, R; Ferguson, E; Scammell, B E; Walsh, D A

2017-01-01

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous, multi-tissue disease. We hypothesised that different histopathological features characterise different stages during knee OA progression, and that discrete subgroups can be defined based on validated measures of OA histopathological features. Medial tibial plateaux and synovium were from 343 post-mortem (PM) and 143 OA arthroplasty donations. A 'chondropathy/osteophyte' group (n = 217) was classified as PM cases with osteophytes or macroscopic medial tibiofemoral chondropathy lesions ≥grade 3 to represent pre-surgical (early) OA. 'Non-arthritic' controls (n = 48) were identified from the remaining PM cases. Mankin histopathological scores were subjected to Rasch analysis and supplemented with histopathological scores for subchondral bone marrow replacement and synovitis. Item weightings were derived by principle components analysis (PCA). Histopathological subgroups were sought using latent class analysis (LCA). Chondropathy, synovitis and osteochondral pathology were each associated with OA at arthroplasty, but each was also identified in some 'non-arthritic' controls. Tidemark breaching in the chondropathy/osteophyte group was greater than in non-arthritic controls. Three histopathological subgroups were identified, characterised as 'mild OA', or 'severe OA' with mild or moderate/severe synovitis. Presence and severity of synovitis helps define distinct histopathological OA subgroups. The absence of a discrete 'normal' subgroup indicates a pathological continuum between normality and OA status. Identifying specific pathological processes and their clinical correlates in OA subgroups has potential to accelerate the development of more effective therapies. Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A report on the clinical-pathological correlations of 788 gingival lesion

PubMed Central

Carbone, Mario; Broccoletti, Roberto; Carcieri, Paola; Conrotto, Davide; Carrozzo, Marco; Arduino, Paolo G.

2017-01-01

Background The diagnosis and treatment of a variety of non-plaque related gingival diseases have become an integrated aspect of everyday dentistry. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between clinical appearance and histopathological features of gingival lesions in a large Northern Italian population. Material and Methods A retrospective study of 788 cases of gingival and alveolar mucosal biopsies was set up. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (C.I.), in order to assess the degree of association between the clinical parameters considered (primary lesions) and the single pathologies, statistically evaluated by Mantel-Haenszel tests. The correlation between clinical and histological diagnosis was classified as follow: 1) expected data (ED): provisional clinical diagnosis; 2) real data (RD): final histopathology diagnosis; 3) concordant data (CD): correspondence between the expected data and real data. The correlation was calculated as follow: CC (complete concordance) = CD x 100 / ED, this expressing the percentage in which the clinical and the histological diagnosis overlapped. Results The most frequently observed and biopsied primary lesions resulted to be exophytic, followed by mucosal colour changes and finally by losses of substance. The statistically significant association between primary lesion and their manifestation in gingival pathologies was reported. Volume increases, for instance, were positively correlated to plasma cell epulis, pyogenic granuloma, fibrous reactive hyperplasia and hemangioma. Verrucous-papillary lesions were most often seen in verrucous carcinoma, verrucous leukoplakia and mild dysplasia. White lesion resulted to be related to leukoplakia or oral lichen planus. Red lesions resulted to be related only oral lichen planus. Erosive vesicle-bullous lesions were linked to disimmune pathologies. Ulcerative lesions were positively associated to oral squamous cell cancer. Finally, potentially malignant disorders have the most percentage high concordance. Among the malignant lesions, the correlation increased up to the squamous cell carcinoma and leukaemia. Conclusions This article presented the frequency and the clinico-pathological concordance of all primary lesions and the histopathological diagnosis of gingival lesions. For every primary lesion, it is possible to correlate a specific histopathological diagnosis in a statistical manner. This can be a valuable aid for not specialist clinicians who daily observe mucosae and have the opportunity to intercept major diseases. Key words:Gingival lesions; clinical appearance; histological analysis; clinico-pathological correlation. PMID:29053652

Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of apoptosis in the cerebellum of rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia with or without alcoholism model.

PubMed

Carvalho, Camila Albuquerque Melo de; Tirapelli, Daniela Pretti da Cunha; Rodrigues, Andressa Romualdo; Lizarte, Fermino Sanches; Novais, Paulo Cézar; Silva, Jairo Pinheiro; Carlotti, Carlos Gilberto; Colli, Benedicto Oscar; Tirapelli, Luís Fernando

2016-09-01

To evaluated histopathological changes, morphometric and expression of proteins CASPASE-3, BCL-2 and XIAP related to apoptosis in the cerebellum after induction of temporary focal cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion, with or without a model of chronic alcoholism. Fifty Wistar rats were used and divided into: control group (C), sham group (S), ischemic group (I), alcoholic group (A), and ischemic and alcoholic group (IA). The cerebellum samples collected were stained for histopathological and morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry study. Histopathological changes were observed a greater degree in animals in groups A and IA. The morphometric study showed no difference in the amount of cells in the granular layer of the cerebellum between the groups. The expression of CASPASE-3 was higher than BCL-2 and XIAP in the groups A and IA. We observed correlation between histopathological changes and the occurrence of apoptosis in cerebellar cortex.

Correlations between pathologic subtypes/immunohistochemical implication and CT characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma ≤ 1 cm with ground-glass opacity.

PubMed

Wu, Fang; Cai, Zu-long; Tian, Shu-ping; Jin, Xin; Jing, Rui; Yang, Yue-qing; Li, Ying-na; Zhao, Shao-hong

2015-04-01

To discuss the correlation of pathologic subtypes and immunohistochemical implication with CT features of lung adenocarcinoma 1 cm or less in diameter with focal ground-glass opacity (fGGO). CT appearances of 59 patients who underwent curative resection of lung adenocarcinoma ≤ 1 cm with fGGO were analyzed in terms of lesion location, size, density, shape (round, oval, polygonal, irregular), margin (smooth, lobular, spiculated, lobular and spiculated), bubble-like sign, air bronchogram, pleural tag, and tumor-lung interface. Histopathologic subtypes were classified according to International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/ American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification of lung adenocarcinoma. Common molecular markers in immunohistochemical study included human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-1,HER-2,Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and DNA topoisomerase 2Α.Patients' age and lesions' size and density were compared with pathologic subtypes using analysis of variance or nonparametric Wilcoxon tests. Patients' gender, lesion location, shape and margin, bubble-like sign, air bronchogram, pleural tag, and tumor-lung interface were compared with histopathologic subtypes and immunohistochemical implication using ψ² test or Fisher's exact test. The patients' gender, age, lesion location, shape, air bronchogram, pleural tag, and tumor-lung interface were not significantly different among different histopathologic subtypes (P=0.194, 0.126, 0.609, 0.678, 0.091, 0.374, and 0.339, respectively), whereas the lesion size,density,bubble-like sign, and margin showed significant differences (P=0.028, 0.002, 0.003, 0.046, respectively). The expression of Ki-67 significantly differed among nodules with different shapes(P=0.015). Statistically significant difference also existed between tumor-lung interface and HER-1 expression (P=0.019) and between bubble sign and HER-2 expression (P=0.049). Of lung adenocarcinoma ≤ 1 cm with fGGO,bubble-like sign occurs more frequently in invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma and less frequently in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. In addition, preinvasive lesions (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ) more frequently demonstrates smooth margin,while invasive lesions (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma) more frequently demonstrates lobular and spiculated margin. Some CT features are associated with immunohistochemical implication of lung adenocarcinoma ≤ 1 cm with fGGO.

Ex vivo tissue imaging of human glioblastoma using a small bore 7T MRI and correlation with digital pathology and proteomics profiling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsuda, Kant M.; Lopes-Calcas, Ana; Magyar, Thalia; O'Brien-Moran, Zoe; Buist, Richard; Martin, Melanie

2017-03-01

Recent advancement in MRI established multi-parametric imaging for in vivo characterization of pathologic changes in brain cancer, which is expected to play a role in imaging biomarker development. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a prime example, which has been deployed for assessment of therapeutic response via analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) / mean diffusivity (MD) values. They have been speculated to reflect apoptosis/necrosis. As newer medical imaging emerges, it is essential to verify that apparent abnormal features in imaging correlate with histopathology. Furthermore, the feasibility of imaging correlation with molecular profile should be explored in order to enhance the potential of biomedical imaging as a reliable biomarker. We focus on glioblastoma, which is an aggressive brain cancer. Despite the increased number of studies involving DTI in glioblastoma; however, little has been explored to bridge the gap between the molecular biomarkers and DTI data. Due to spatial heterogeneity in, MRI signals, pathologic change and protein expression, precise correlation is required between DTI, pathology and proteomics data in a histoanatomically identical manner. The challenge is obtaining an identical plane from in vivo imaging data that exactly matches with histopathology section. Thus, we propose to incorporate ex vivo tissue imaging to bridge between in vivo imaging data and histopathology. With ex vivo scan of removed tissue, it is feasible to use high-field 7T MRI scanner, which can achieve microscopic resolution. Once histology section showing the identical plane, it is feasible to correlate protein expression by a unique technology, "multiplex tissue immunoblotting".

Ultrasound, histopathological, and genetic features of uveal melanoma in a Mexican-Mestizo population.

PubMed

Delgado, S; Rodriguez Reyes, A; Mora Rios, L; Dueñas-González, A; Taja-Chayeb, L; Moragrega Adame, E

2018-01-01

To describe the ultrasound, histopathological and genetic characteristics of uveal melanoma in a Mexican-Mestizo population. A total of 39 enucleated eyes with a histopathological diagnosis of uveal melanoma were assessed by describing the clinical findings, and ultrasound, histopathological and genetic features. A high correlation was observed between tumour height measurement using ultrasound and histopathology. In our cases, tumour size and reflectivity were higher compared with those reported in the literature. The preliminary data on the molecular assessment of the tumours show the presence of an unreported polymorphism (T>C IVS5+34) and one sample with GNAQ mutation (A>C CAA>CCA Gln 209 Pro). Ultrasound is a reliable method to identify the size of the tumour. Furthermore, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms promises new perspectives for the development of new targeted therapeutics. Fortunately this leads to progress in the treatment of patients with metastatic disease or prevents it in those at high risk. Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Technical Note: Method to correlate whole-specimen histopathology of radical prostatectomy with diagnostic MR imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGrath, Deirdre M., E-mail: d.mcgrath@sheffield.ac.uk; Lee, Jenny; Foltz, Warren D.

Purpose: Validation of MRI-guided tumor boundary delineation for targeted prostate cancer therapy is achieved via correlation with gold-standard histopathology of radical prostatectomy specimens. Challenges to accurate correlation include matching the pathology sectioning plane with the in vivo imaging slice plane and correction for the deformation that occurs between in vivo imaging and histology. A methodology is presented for matching of the histological sectioning angle and position to the in vivo imaging slices. Methods: Patients (n = 4) with biochemical failure following external beam radiotherapy underwent diagnostic MRI to confirm localized recurrence of prostate cancer, followed by salvage radical prostatectomy. High-resolutionmore » 3-D MRI of the ex vivo specimens was acquired to determine the pathology sectioning angle that best matched the in vivo imaging slice plane, using matching anatomical features and implanted fiducials. A novel sectioning device was developed to guide sectioning at the correct angle, and to assist the insertion of reference dye marks to aid in histopathology reconstruction. Results: The percentage difference in the positioning of the urethra in the ex vivo pathology sections compared to the positioning in in vivo images was reduced from 34% to 7% through slicing at the best match angle. Reference dye marks were generated, which were visible in ex vivo imaging, in the tissue sections before and after processing, and in histology sections. Conclusions: The method achieved an almost fivefold reduction in the slice-matching error and is readily implementable in combination with standard MRI technology. The technique will be employed to generate datasets for correlation of whole-specimen prostate histopathology with in vivo diagnostic MRI using 3-D deformable registration, allowing assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of MRI parameters for prostate cancer. Although developed specifically for prostate, the method is readily adaptable to other types of whole tissue specimen, such as mastectomy or liver resection.« less

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and regulatory t cells in intestinal mucosa in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

PubMed

Sznurkowska, K; Żawrocki, A; Sznurkowski, J; Iżycka-Świeszewska, E; Landowski, P; Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, A; Plata-Nazar, K; Kamińska, B

2017-01-01

Impaired immune regulation has been suggested as an underlying mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and regulatory T cells expressing FOXP3 are crucial elements of immune regulation. Conversion of FOXP3- lymphocytes to Tregs is one of the functions of IDO. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of cells expressing FOXP3 and IDO in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa and to evaluate correlations between these parameters and disease activity. Sixty-six children newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (41 patients with ulcerative colitis and 25 patients with Crohn’s disease) were included in the study. Clinical activity of the disease was assessed by the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index and the Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index. Histopathological activity was scored according to the system described by Geboes. The infiltration of FOXP3+ and IDO+ cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Sixteen patients with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) served as a control group. Lamina propria demonstrated a significantly higher infiltration of FOXP3+ and IDO+ cells in inflammatory bowel disease compared to the control group (p=0.001, p=0.004, respectively). The number of IDO+ and FOXP3+ cells correlated with clinical and histopathologic activity of Crohn’s disease. A positive correlation between the number of IDO+ and FOXP3+ cells was found in both types of inflammatory disease but not in patients with IBS. We conclude that indoleamine dioxygenase and FOXP3+ cells are upregulated in the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease. IDO mediated conversion of FOXP3 -T cells to Tregs predominantly occurs in inflammation.

Increased pCREB expression and the spontaneous epileptiform activity in a BCNU-treated rat model of cortical dysplasia.

PubMed

Pennacchio, Paolo; Noé, Francesco; Gnatkovsky, Vadym; Moroni, Ramona Frida; Zucca, Ileana; Regondi, Maria Cristina; Inverardi, Francesca; de Curtis, Marco; Frassoni, Carolina

2015-09-01

Cortical dysplasias (CDs) represent a wide range of cortical abnormalities that closely correlate with intractable epilepsy. Rats prenatally exposed to 1-3-bis-chloroethyl-nitrosurea (BCNU) represent an injury-based model that reproduces many histopathologic features of human CD. Previous studies reported in vivo hyperexcitability in this model, but in vivo epileptogenicity has not been confirmed. To determine whether cortical and hippocampal lesions lead to epileptiform discharges and/or seizures in the BCNU model, rats at three different ages (3, 5, and 9 months old) were implanted for long-term video electroencephalographic recording. At the end of the recording session, brain tissue was processed for histologic and immunohistochemical investigation including cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, as a biomarker of epileptogenicity. BCNU-treated rats showed spontaneous epileptiform activity (67%) in the absence of a second seizure-provoking hit. Such activity originated mainly from one hippocampus and propagated to the ipsilateral neocortex. No epileptiform activity was found in age-matched control rats. The histopathologic investigation revealed that all BCNU rats with epileptiform activity showed neocortical and hippocampal abnormalities; the presence and the severity of these lesions did not correlate consistently with the propensity to generate epileptiform discharges. Epileptiform activity was found only in cortical areas of BCNU-treated rats in which a correlation between brain abnormalities and increased pCREB expression was observed. This study demonstrates the in vivo occurrence of spontaneous epileptiform discharges in the BCNU model and shows that increased pCREB expression can be utilized as a reliable biomarker of epileptogenicity. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 International League Against Epilepsy.

Atypical feline sporotrichosis resembling vaccine-induced sarcoma: clinical and histopathological aspects.

PubMed

dos Santos, Isabele Barbieri; Quintella, Leonardo Pereira; de Miranda, Luisa Helena Monteiro; de Sousa Trotte, Marcele Nogueira; Schubach, Tânia Maria Pacheco; Tortelly, Rogerio

2013-06-01

A 7-year-old Siamese cat presenting with three ulcerated cutaneous nodules in the lumbosacral region was seen at the Laboratory for Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Histopathological analysis showed that the lesions consisted of polyhedral and spindle-shaped voluminous mononuclear cells with loose chromatin and clearly visible nucleoli, few giant cells, and foci of coagulative and caseous necrosis -- findings suggestive of a vaccine-induced sarcoma. No significant mitotic rate, cytological atypias or asteroid bodies were observed. Special histopathological staining with periodic acid-Schiff and Grocott's silver stain demonstrated the presence of small yeast cells characterized by simple and narrow-base budding compatible with Sporothrix schenckii. Mycological culture grew S schenckii. Cytopathology was negative for yeast cells. These atypical clinical and histopathological signs support the importance of histopathological analysis with special staining techniques, in addition to mycological culture in the diagnosis of feline sporotrichosis.

Comparative Study of Clinical Staging of Oral Submucous Fibrosis with Qualitative Analysis of Collagen Fibers Under Polarized Microscopy.

PubMed

Modak, Neha; Tamgadge, Sandhya; Tamgadge, Avinash; Bhalerao, Sudhir

2015-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a condition where excessive deposition of dense collagen fibers occurred in the connective tissue of oral mucosa. An alteration of collagen necessitates an in depth understanding of collagen in oral tissues as no breakthrough studies have been reported. T herefore the aim was to correlate the clinical, functional and histopathological staging and to analyze the polarization colors and thickness of the collagen fibers in different stages of OSMF using picrosirius red stain under polarizing microscopy so as to assess the severity of disease. The study was conducted in the department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at Padm. Dr. D. Y Patil Dental and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India (2012-13). A sample size was of a total 40 subjects, of which 30 patients had OSMF, and 10 were in control group. Clinical, functional and histopathological staging were done depending upon definite criteria. Collagen fibers were analyzed for polarizing colors and thickness. Further clinical, functional and histopathological stages as well as qualitative parameters of collagen fibers were compared. The correlation between clinical and functional staging was not significant ( P >0.05) whereas the comparison of the functional staging with histopathological staging was more reliable ( P <0.01) as an indication to the severity of the disease rather than clinical staging. One-way ANOVA analysis showed highly significant correlation between functional staging and polarization colors and thickness of collagen fibers ( P <0.001). The qualitative change in the collagen fibers of OSMF patients using polarized microscopy would help to assess its role in diagnostic evaluation, to determine the prognosis of the disease as well as to provide useful predictive treatment modalities to them.

Assessing tumor extent on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography versus full-field digital mammography and ultrasound.

PubMed

Patel, Bhavika K; Garza, Sandra Alheli; Eversman, Sarah; Lopez-Alvarez, Yania; Kosiorek, Heidi; Pockaj, Barbara A

To compare breast cancer size measurements on full-field digital mammography (FFDM), contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CEDM), and ultrasound (US), with histologic tumor size used as the reference standard. Material and methods The HIPAA complaint, IRB approved study comprised 88 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer who underwent FFDM and CEDM;74 also had US. Breast density, histologic subtype, and maximum tumor measurements were recorded. Pearson correlation coefficients for FFDM, US, and CEDM vs histopathology were 0.598, 0.639, and 0.859, respectively (P<0.001). The following correlation coefficients were calculated for dense breasts (n=48): histopathology vs FFDM (0.555), US (0.633), and CEDM (0.843) (P<0.001); for nondense breasts (n=40), they were FFDM (0.618), US (0.512), and CEDM (0.885) (P<0.001). For size difference, the mean (SD) for histopathology vs FFDM, US, and CEDM was -1.3 (11.9) mm, -2.8 (11.1) mm, and 2.9 (9.5) mm, respectively. Limits of agreement were -24.8 to 22.0mm, -24.5 to 18.8mm, and -15.6 to 21.4mm, respectively. In patients with biopsy-proven malignancy, size measurements correlated well with histopathologic size, and were higher on CEDM than those for FFDM and US in patients with dense or nondense breasts. The added value of CEDM as a supplement to FFDM in determining tumor size, however, was greater in patients with dense breasts. CEDM may be a promising alternative preoperative measurement tool for breast cancer patients with dense breasts and/or limited access or contraindications to MRI. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Radiation-Induced Liver Damage: Correlation of Histopathology with Hepatobiliary Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a Feasibility Study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seidensticker, Max, E-mail: max.seidensticker@med.ovgu.de; Burak, Miroslaw; Kalinski, Thomas

PurposeRadiotherapy of liver malignancies shows promising results (radioembolization, stereotactic irradiation, interstitial brachytherapy). Regardless of the route of application, a certain amount of nontumorous liver parenchyma will be collaterally damaged by radiation. The functional reserve may be significantly reduced with an impact on further treatment planning. Monitoring of radiation-induced liver damage by imaging is neither established nor validated. We performed an analysis to correlate the histopathological presence of radiation-induced liver damage with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing hepatobiliary contrast media (Gd-BOPTA).MethodsPatients undergoing local high-dose-rate brachytherapy for whom a follow-up hepatobiliary MRI within 120 days after radiotherapy as well as an evaluablemore » liver biopsy from radiation-exposed liver tissue within 7 days before MRI were retrospectively identified. Planning computed tomography (CT)/dosimetry was merged to the CT-documentation of the liver biopsy and to the MRI. Presence/absence of radiation-induced liver damage (histopathology) and Gd-BOPTA uptake (MRI) as well as the dose applied during brachytherapy at the site of tissue sampling was determined.ResultsFourteen biopsies from eight patients were evaluated. In all cases with histopathological evidence of radiation-induced liver damage (n = 11), no uptake of Gd-BOPTA was seen. In the remaining three, cases no radiation-induced liver damage but Gd-BOPTA uptake was seen. Presence of radiation-induced liver damage and absence of Gd-BOPTA uptake was correlated with a former high-dose exposition.ConclusionsAbsence of hepatobiliary MRI contrast media uptake in radiation-exposed liver parenchyma may indicate radiation-induced liver damage. Confirmatory studies are warranted.« less

Role of docosahexaenoic acid treatment in improving liver histology in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

PubMed

Nobili, Valerio; Carpino, Guido; Alisi, Anna; De Vito, Rita; Franchitto, Antonio; Alpini, Gianfranco; Onori, Paolo; Gaudio, Eugenio

2014-01-01

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality in children. Recently, we have reported the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in children with NAFLD. DHA exerts a potent anti-inflammatory activity through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)120. Our aim was to investigate in pediatric NAFLD the mechanisms underlying the effects of DHA administration on histo-pathological aspects, GPR120 expression, hepatic progenitor cell activation and macrophage pool. 20 children with untreated NAFLD were included. Children were treated with DHA for 18 months. Liver biopsies before and after the treatment were analyzed. Hepatic progenitor cell activation, macrophage pool and GPR120 expression were evaluated and correlated with clinical and histo-pathological parameters. GPR120 was expressed by hepatocytes, liver macrophages, and hepatic progenitor cells. After DHA treatment, the following modifications were present: i) the improvement of histo-pathological parameters such as NAFLD activity score, ballooning, and steatosis; ii) the reduction of hepatic progenitor cell activation in correlation with histo-pathological parameters; iii) the reduction of the number of inflammatory macrophages; iv) the increase of GPR120 expression in hepatocytes; v) the reduction of serine-311-phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation in hepatocytes and macrophages in correlation with serum inflammatory cytokines. DHA could modulate hepatic progenitor cell activation, hepatocyte survival and macrophage polarization through the interaction with GPR120 and NF-κB repression. In this scenario, the modulation of GPR120 exploits a novel crucial role in the regulation of the cell-to-cell cross-talk that drives inflammatory response, hepatic progenitor cell activation and hepatocyte survival.

Advances in the processing of policromat images as diagnostic method to determine white spot syndrome virus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chavez-Sanchez, Cristina M.; Alvarez-Borrego, Josue; Montoya-Rodriguez, L.; Garcia-Gasca, A.; Fajer Avila, Emma J.; Pacheco-Marges, R.

2004-10-01

White spot syndrome (WSSV) is a viral disease which affects many crustacean species including commercial shrimps. Adequate, precise and quick methods to diagnose on time the presence of the disease in order to apply different strategies to avoid the dispersion and to reduce mortalities is necessary. Histopathology is an important diagnostic method. However, histopathology has the problem that requires time to prepare the histological slides and time to arrive to some diagnosis because this depend on the nature of the tissues, the pathogen(s) to find, the number of organisms, number of slides to analyze and the skill of the technician. This paper try to demonstrate the sensibility of one digital system of processing and recognition of images using color correlation with phase filters, to identify inclusion bodies of WSSV. Infected tissues were processed to obtain histological slides and to verify that the inclusion bodies observed were of WSV, in situ hybridization were carried out. The sensibility results of the recognition of the inclusion bodies of WSSV with the color correlation program was 86.1%. The highest percentage of recognition was in nervous system and tegument glands with 100%. The values in the stomach epithelium and heart tissue was 78.45% of recognition. Tissues with the lowest recognition values were lymphoid organ and hematopoietic tissue. It is necessary further studies to increase the sensibility and to obtain the specificity.

Glut-1 as a prognostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma

PubMed Central

Harshani, Jyotsna M; Yeluri, Sivaranjani; Guttikonda, Venkateswara Rao

2014-01-01

Introduction: Glut-1 is a glucose transporter protein, the expression of which is upregulated in malignant cells which show increased glucose uptake. Alterations in expression of Glut-1 have been reported in several pre-malignant and malignant lesions. The objectives of the present study were to compare the expression of Glut-1 in normal persons and in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to correlate the expression of Glut-1 with respect to clinical staging of OSCC and to evaluate the expression of Glut-1 with respect to different histopathological grades of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of OSCC were staged clinically and graded histopathologically. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Glut-1 in OSCC and the same was compared with the normal subjects. The scores were compared using the chi-square test. Results: Glut-1 expression was detected in all grades of OSCC. A significant correlation with a P value of 0.00004 was found in immunostaining between normal and OSCC. The expression of Glut-1 was significant when compared with different clinical stages with significant P value of 0.0004 and in different histopathological grades of OSCC with a P value of 0.00001. Conclusion: Higher immunohistochemical staining scores were obtained with increased clinical staging and histopathological grades of OSCC. High expression of Glut-1 may be related to poor prognosis in OSCC. PMID:25948991

In vivo features of melanocytic lesions: multimode hyperspectral dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, and histopathologic correlates (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasefi, Fartash; MacKinnon, Nicholas B.; Jain, Manu; Cordova, Miguel A.; Kose, Kivanc; Rajadhyaksha, Milind; Halpern, Allan C.; Farkas, Daniel L.

2017-02-01

Motivation and background: Melanoma, the fastest growing cancer worldwide, kills more than one person every hour in the United States. Determining the depth and distribution of dermal melanin and hemoglobin adds physio-morphologic information to the current diagnostic standard, cellular morphology, to further develop noninvasive methods to discriminate between melanoma and benign skin conditions. Purpose: To compare the performance of a multimode dermoscopy system (SkinSpect), which is designed to quantify and map in three dimensions, in vivo melanin and hemoglobin in skin, and to validate this with histopathology and three dimensional reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging. Methods: Sequentially capture SkinSpect and RCM images of suspect lesions and nearby normal skin and compare this with histopathology reports, RCM imaging allows noninvasive observation of nuclear, cellular and structural detail in 1-5 μm-thin optical sections in skin, and detection of pigmented skin lesions with sensitivity of 90-95% and specificity of 70-80%. The multimode imaging dermoscope combines polarization (cross and parallel), autofluorescence and hyperspectral imaging to noninvasively map the distribution of melanin, collagen and hemoglobin oxygenation in pigmented skin lesions. Results: We compared in vivo features of ten melanocytic lesions extracted by SkinSpect and RCM imaging, and correlated them to histopathologic results. We present results of two melanoma cases (in situ and invasive), and compare with in vivo features from eight benign lesions. Melanin distribution at different depths and hemodynamics, including abnormal vascularity, detected by both SkinSpect and RCM will be discussed. Conclusion: Diagnostic features such as dermal melanin and hemoglobin concentration provided in SkinSpect skin analysis for melanoma and normal pigmented lesions can be compared and validated using results from RCM and histopathology.

Congenital bronchopulmonary malformation: CT histopathological correlation.

PubMed

Kyncl, Martin; Koci, Martin; Ptackova, Lea; Hornofova, Ludmila; Ondrej, Fabian; Snajdauf, Jiri; Pychova, Marcela

2016-12-01

This study evaluated the accuracy of postnatal computed tomography (CT) imaging in the identification of congenital bronchopulmonary malformation (BPM) in comparison with histopathological analysis. CT scans of prenatally diagnosed BPMs from 24 patients with available histology were analysed retrospectively. The CT images were reviewed blinded to histological findings by two radiologists. Specific diagnosis was assigned based on predetermined criteria. The accuracy of CT was evaluated. The agreement rate in CT diagnosis between two radiologists was 100%. In 75% the lesions were located in the lower lobes. An overlap of 71% in CT and histopathological diagnoses was reached. The least matching diagnosis was type 2 CPAM. Contrast enhanced chest CT is very accurate in characterizing the BPM spectrum and provides important information on lesion type and structure.

Role of Treg and TH17 cells of the gastric mucosa in children with Helicobacter pylori gastritis.

PubMed

Gil, Joo Hyun; Seo, Jeong Wan; Cho, Min-Sun; Ahn, Jung-Hyuck; Sung, Hye Youn

2014-02-01

The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of FOXP3, interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, IL-17A, and T helper 17 (TH17) cells/FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells balance in the gastric mucosa of children with Helicobacter pylori infection, in relation to the gastric histopathology. Antral mucosal biopsies were obtained from 20 children with H pylori(+) gastritis and 20 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Histopathology was assessed by the updated Sydney classification. Gene expression of FOXP3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining for FOXP3+ Treg and TH17 cells was performed. The gene expression levels of FOXP3, TGF-β1, and IL-10 messenger RNA (mRNA) and the number of FOXP3+ Treg were significantly higher in the H pylori(+) gastritis group than in the control group (P < 0.01). FOXP3 mRNA levels were correlated positively with TGF-β1 and IL-10 mRNA levels in the H pylori(+) gastritis group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, FOXP3 mRNA levels were correlated positively with the bacterial density, infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells, and mononuclear cells in the H pylori(+) gastritis group (P < 0.05). The number of TH17 cells was significantly higher in the H pylori(+) gastritis group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the number of TH17 cells was correlated negatively with the bacterial density and positively with the inflammatory scores of polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear cells in the H pylori(+) gastritis group (P < 0.05). A negative correlation between the TH17 cells/FOXP3+ Treg ratio and the bacterial density was demonstrated in the H pylori(+) gastritis group (P < 0.05). This study suggested that a TH17/Treg balance toward a Treg-biased response favors the persistence of bacteria, causing chronic active gastritis.

Clinical and Histopathological Investigation of Seborrheic Keratosis

PubMed Central

Roh, Nam Kyung; Hahn, Hyung Jin; Lee, Yang Won; Choe, Yong Beom

2016-01-01

Background Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is one of the most common epidermal tumors of the skin. However, only a few large-scale clinicohistopathological investigations have been conducted on SK or on the possible correlation between histopathological SK subtype and location. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and histopathological features of a relatively large number of cases of diagnosed SK. Methods Two hundred and seventy-one pathology slides of skin tissue from patients with clinically diagnosed SK and 206 cases of biopsy-proven SK were analyzed. The biopsy-proven cases of SK were assessed for histopathological subclassification. The demographic, clinical, and histopathological data of the patients were collected for analysis of associated factors. Results The most frequent histopathological subtype was the acanthotic type, followed by mixed, hyperkeratotic, melanoacanthoma, clonal, irritated, and adenoid types; an unexpectedly high percentage (9.2%) of the melanoacanthoma variant was observed. The adenoid type was more common in sun-exposed sites than in sun-protected sites (p=0.028). Premalignant and malignant entities together represented almost one-quarter (24.2%) of the clinicopathological mismatch cases (i.e., mismatch between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses). Regarding the location of SK development, the frequency of mismatch for the sun-exposed areas was significantly higher than that for sun-protected areas (p=0.043). Conclusion The adenoid type was more common in sun-exposed sites. Biopsy sampling should be performed for lesions situated in sun-exposed areas to exclude other premalignant or malignant diseases. PMID:27081260

Immunohistopathological Findings of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Diagnosis of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions should involve immunohistopathological examination, which gives insight into the pathomechanisms of these disorders. The characteristic histological findings of erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) provide conclusive evidence demonstrating that SJS/TEN can be distinguished from EM. Established SJS/TEN shows full-thickness, extensive keratinocyte necrosis that develops into subepidermal bullae. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) and exanthema in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) each display a variety of histopathological findings, which may partly correlate with the clinical manifestations. Although the histopathology of DRESS is nonspecific, the association of two or more of the four patterns—eczematous changes, interface dermatitis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis- (AGEP-) like patterns, and EM-like patterns—might appear in a single biopsy specimen, suggesting the diagnosis and severe cutaneous manifestations of DRESS. Cutaneous dendritic cells may be involved in the clinical course. AGEP typically shows spongiform superficial epidermal pustules accompanied with edema of the papillary dermis and abundant mixed perivascular infiltrates. Mutations in IL36RN may have a definite effect on pathological similarities between AGEP and generalized pustular psoriasis. PMID:29226159

Development of Raman microspectroscopy for automated detection and imaging of basal cell carcinoma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larraona-Puy, Marta; Ghita, Adrian; Zoladek, Alina; Perkins, William; Varma, Sandeep; Leach, Iain H.; Koloydenko, Alexey A.; Williams, Hywel; Notingher, Ioan

2009-09-01

We investigate the potential of Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) for automated evaluation of excised skin tissue during Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). The main aim is to develop an automated method for imaging and diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) regions. Selected Raman bands responsible for the largest spectral differences between BCC and normal skin regions and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are used to build a multivariate supervised classification model. The model is based on 329 Raman spectra measured on skin tissue obtained from 20 patients. BCC is discriminated from healthy tissue with 90+/-9% sensitivity and 85+/-9% specificity in a 70% to 30% split cross-validation algorithm. This multivariate model is then applied on tissue sections from new patients to image tumor regions. The RMS images show excellent correlation with the gold standard of histopathology sections, BCC being detected in all positive sections. We demonstrate the potential of RMS as an automated objective method for tumor evaluation during MMS. The replacement of current histopathology during MMS by a ``generalization'' of the proposed technique may improve the feasibility and efficacy of MMS, leading to a wider use according to clinical need.

Confocal endomicroscopy: Is it time to move on?

PubMed

Robles-Medranda, Carlos

2016-01-10

Confocal laser endomicroscopy permits in-vivo microscopy evaluation during endoscopy procedures. It can be used in all the parts of the gastrointestinal tract and includes: Esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, biliary tract through and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and pancreas through needles during endoscopic ultrasound procedures. Many researches demonstrated a high correlation of results between confocal laser endomicroscopy and histopathology in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions; with accuracy in about 86% to 96%. Moreover, in spite that histopathology remains the gold-standard technique for final diagnosis of any diseases; a considerable number of misdiagnosis rate could be present due to many factors such as interpretation mistakes, biopsy site inaccuracy, or number of biopsies. Theoretically; with the diagnostic accuracy rates of confocal laser endomicroscopy could help in a daily practice to improve diagnosis and treatment management of the patients. However, it is still not routinely used in the clinical practice due to many factors such as cost of the procedure, lack of codification and reimbursement in some countries, absence of standard of care indications, availability, physician image-interpretation training, medico-legal problems, and the role of the pathologist. These limitations are relative, and solutions could be found based on new researches focused to solve these barriers.

Diffusion, Perfusion, and Histopathologic Characteristics of Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma.

PubMed

Ho, Chang Y; Gener, Melissa; Bonnin, Jose; Kralik, Stephen F

2016-07-01

We present a case series of a rare tumor, the desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIG) with MRI diffusion and perfusion imaging quantification as well as histopathologic characterization. Four cases with pathologically-proven DIG had diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and two of the four had dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging. All four tumors demonstrate DWI findings compatible with low-grade pediatric tumors. For the two cases with perfusion imaging, a higher relative cerebral blood volume was associated with higher proliferation index on histopathology for one of the cases. Our results are discussed in conjunction with a literature review.

Diffusion, Perfusion, and Histopathologic Characteristics of Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma

PubMed Central

Ho, Chang Y; Gener, Melissa; Bonnin, Jose; Kralik, Stephen F

2016-01-01

We present a case series of a rare tumor, the desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIG) with MRI diffusion and perfusion imaging quantification as well as histopathologic characterization. Four cases with pathologically-proven DIG had diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and two of the four had dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging. All four tumors demonstrate DWI findings compatible with low-grade pediatric tumors. For the two cases with perfusion imaging, a higher relative cerebral blood volume was associated with higher proliferation index on histopathology for one of the cases. Our results are discussed in conjunction with a literature review. PMID:27761184

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of experimentally collagen-induced arthritis in rats using the nonspecific dye tetrasulfocyanine in comparison with gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and clinical score

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gemeinhardt, Ines; Puls, Dorothee; Gemeinhardt, Ole; Taupitz, Matthias; Wagner, Susanne; Schnorr, Beatrix; Licha, Kai; Schirner, Michael; Ebert, Bernd; Petzelt, Diethard; Macdonald, Rainer; Schnorr, Jörg

2012-10-01

Using 15 rats with collagen-induced arthritis (30 joints) and 7 control rats (14 joints), we correlated the intensity of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) of the nonspecific dye tetrasulfocyanine (TSC) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathology, and clinical score. Fluorescence images were obtained in reflection geometry using a NIRF camera system. Normalized fluorescence intensity (INF) was determined after intravenous dye administration on different time points up to 120 min. Contrast-enhanced MRI using gadodiamide was performed after NIRF imaging. Analyses were performed in a blinded fashion. Histopathological and clinical scores were determined for each ankle joint. INF of moderate and high-grade arthritic joints were significantly higher (p<0.005) than the values of control and low-grade arthritic joints between 5 and 30 min after TSC-injection. This result correlated well with post-contrast MRI signal intensities at about 5 min after gadodiamide administration. Furthermore, INF and signal increase on contrast-enhanced MRI showed high correlation with clinical and histopathological scores. Sensitivities and specificities for detection of moderate and high-grade arthritic joints were slightly lower for NIRF imaging (89%/81%) than for MRI (100%/91%). NIRF imaging using TSC, which is characterized by slower plasma clearance compared to indocyanine green (ICG), has the potential to improve monitoring of inflamed joints.

Correlation of serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor with tumor grading and staging in breast cancer patients.

PubMed

Haghi, Alireza Rastgoo; Vahedi, Amir; Shekarchi, Ali Akbar; Kamran, Aziz

2017-01-01

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. There are several prognostic factors for this disease. The aim of this article is to explore the correlation of serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) with tumor, node, metastasis staging and grading of breast cancer. Serum samples of 51 patients with breast cancer were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the level of VEGF and ICAM1 preoperatively. After the operation, histopathologic specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin were evaluated for tumor size, histopathologic subtype, grade, lymph node, vascular and lymphatic involvement. Then, the correlation of tumor stage and grade and serum level of markers was analyzed. There was no significant correlation between serum level of markers with vascular invasions, lymph node involvement, and menstruation. There was a weak correlation between tumor size and serum level of ICAM1 with Pearson score correlation, but there was no significant correlation with VEGF. There was no significant correlation between tumor grading and staging with the level of markers. There was a significant correlation between the level of VEGF and ICAM1 and histologic type of tumors in invasive through in situ tumors. Levels of VEGF and ICAM1 can be used as a predictor of tumor invasion and also for target therapy.

Optical Imaging with a High Resolution Microendoscope to Identify Cholesteatoma of the Middle Ear

PubMed Central

Levy, Lauren L.; Jiang, Nancy; Smouha, Eric; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca; Sikora, Andrew G.

2013-01-01

Objective High resolution optical imaging is an imaging modality which allows visualization of structural changes in epithelial tissue in real time. Our prior studies using contrast-enhanced microendoscopy to image squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck demonstrated that the contrast agent, proflavine, has high affinity for keratinized tissue. Thus, high-resolution microendoscopy with proflavine provides a potential mechanism to identify ectopic keratin production, such as that associated with cholesteatoma formation and distinguish between uninvolved mucosa and residual keratin at the time of surgery. Study Design Ex vivo imaging of histopathologically-confirmed samples of cholesteatoma and uninvolved middle-ear epithelium. Methods Seven separate specimens collected from patients who underwent surgical treatment for cholesteatoma were imaged ex vivo with the fiberoptic endoscope after surface staining with proflavine. Following imaging, the specimens were submitted for hematoxylin &eosin staining to allow histopathological correlation. Results Cholesteatoma and surrounding middle ear epithelium have distinct imaging characteristics. Keratin-bearing areas of cholesteatoma lack nuclei and appear as confluent hyperfluorescence, while nuclei are easily visualized in specimens containing normal middle ear epithelium. Hyperfluorescence and loss of cellular detail is the imaging hallmark of keratin allowing for discrimination of cholesteatoma from normal middle ear epithelium. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of high-resolution optical imaging to discriminate cholesteatoma from uninvolved middle ear mucosa, based on the unique staining properties of keratin. Use of real-time imaging may facilitate more complete extirpation of cholesteatoma by identifying areas of residual disease. PMID:23299781

Computed tomography detection of extracapsular spread of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in metastatic cervical lymph nodes.

PubMed

Carlton, Joshua A; Maxwell, Adam W; Bauer, Lyndsey B; McElroy, Sara M; Layfield, Lester J; Ahsan, Humera; Agarwal, Ajay

2017-06-01

Background and purpose In patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), extracapsular spread (ECS) of metastases in cervical lymph nodes affects prognosis and therapy. We assessed the accuracy of intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and the utility of imaging criteria for preoperative detection of ECS in metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with HNSCC. Materials and methods Preoperative intravenous contrast-enhanced neck CT images of 93 patients with histopathological HNSCC metastatic nodes were retrospectively assessed by two neuroradiologists for ECS status and ECS imaging criteria. Radiological assessments were compared with histopathological assessments of neck dissection specimens, and interobserver agreement of ECS status and ECS imaging criteria were measured. Results Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy for overall ECS assessment were 57%, 81%, 82% and 67% for observer 1, and 66%, 76%, 80% and 70% for observer 2, respectively. Correlating three or more ECS imaging criteria with histopathological ECS increased specificity and positive predictive value, but decreased sensitivity and accuracy. Interobserver agreement for overall ECS assessment demonstrated a kappa of 0.59. Central necrosis had the highest kappa of 0.74. Conclusion CT has moderate specificity for ECS assessment in HNSCC metastatic cervical nodes. Identifying three or more ECS imaging criteria raises specificity and positive predictive value, therefore preoperative identification of multiple criteria may be clinically useful. Interobserver agreement is moderate for overall ECS assessment, substantial for central necrosis. Other ECS CT criteria had moderate agreement at best and therefore should not be used individually as criteria for detecting ECS by CT.

Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection Using Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Lung Transplant Recipients: a Prospective, Multicenter Trial.

PubMed

Keller, Cesar A; Khoor, Andras; Arenberg, Douglas A; Smith, Michael A; Islam, Shaheen U

2018-05-29

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) in lung transplant recipients requires demonstration of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in alveolar tissue samples from transbronchial biopsies (TBBs). Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) allows in vivo observation of alveolar, vascular, and cellular microstructures in the lung with potential to identify ACR. The objective of our prospective, blinded, multicenter observational study was to identify pCLE findings in patients with ACR diagnosed histopathologically by TBB. Lung transplant recipients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopies within 1 year posttransplant for suspected ACR had pCLE video imaging obtained immediately prior to tissue sampling via TBB. Findings of 2 pCLE criteria, abundant alveolar cellularity and perivascular cellularity (PVC), were assessed by 4 investigators familiar with pCLE and compared to histopathologic criteria of ACR to derive sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and accuracy. Interobserver agreement was assessed by calculating intraclass coefficient and Fleiss κ. Findings were analyzed before and after a consensus meeting of investigators on interpreting images. Thirty pCLE procedures were performed on 24 patients, 8 showing ACR in TBB. Diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement using pCLE to identify PVC were significantly higher than those of abundant alveolar cellularity (P<.01). The number of blood vessels identified with PVC on pCLE was significantly correlated with histopathologic activity grading of ACR (P<.01). PVC agreement among investigators significantly improved after consensus meeting (P<.01) CONCLUSIONS: When found on pCLE, PVC is a feasible and reproducible criterion for assessment of ACR in vivo, but there is a learning curve for image interpretation.

Histological Spectrum of Idiopathic Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in Liver Biopsies From Dialysis Patients.

PubMed

Lee, Hwajeong; Ainechi, Sanaz; Singh, Mandeep; Ells, Peter F; Sheehan, Christine E; Lin, Jingmei

2015-09-01

Liver biopsy is performed for various indications in dialysis patients. Being a less-common subset, the hepatic pathology in renal dialysis is not well documented. Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH) is a clinical entity associated with unexplained portal hypertension and/or a spectrum of histopathological vascular changes in the liver. After encountering INCPH and vascular changes of INCPH in 2 renal dialysis patients, we sought to further investigate this noteworthy association. A random search for patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis with liver biopsy was performed. Hematoxylin and eosin, reticulin, trichrome, and CK7 stains were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Histopathological features were reviewed, and the results were correlated with clinical findings. In all, 13 liver biopsies were retrieved. The mean cumulative duration of dialysis was 50 months (range = 17 months to 11 years). All patients had multiple comorbidities. Indications for biopsy were a combination of abnormal liver function tests (6), portal hypertension (4), ascites (3), and possible cirrhosis (3). Two patients with portal hypertension underwent multiple liver biopsies for diagnostic purposes. All (100%) biopsies showed some histological features of INCPH, including narrowed portal venous lumen (9), increased portal vascular channels (8), shunt vessels (3), dilated sinusoids (9), regenerative nodule (5), and features of venous outflow obstruction (3). No cirrhosis was identified. Liver biopsies from patients on dialysis demonstrate histopathological vascular changes of INCPH. Some (31%) patients present with portal hypertension without cirrhosis. The histological changes may be reflective of underlying risk factors for INCPH in this group. © The Author(s) 2015.

Power Doppler ultrasonography and synovitis: correlating ultrasound imaging with histopathological findings and evaluating the performance of ultrasound equipments.

PubMed

Koski, J M; Saarakkala, S; Helle, M; Hakulinen, U; Heikkinen, J O; Hermunen, H

2006-12-01

To examine the validity of power Doppler ultrasound imaging to identify synovitis, using histopathology as gold standard, and to assess the performance of ultrasound equipments. 44 synovial sites in small and large joints, bursae and tendon sheaths were depicted with ultrasound. A synovial biopsy was performed on the site depicted and a synovial sample was taken for histopathological evaluation. The performance of three ultrasound devices was tested using flow phantoms. A positive Doppler signal was detected in 29 of 35 (83%) of the patients with active histological inflammation. In eight additional samples, histological examination showed other pathological synovial findings and a Doppler signal was detected in five of them. No significant correlation was found between the amount of Doppler signal and histological synovitis score (r = 0.239, p = NS). The amount of subsynovial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and surface fibrin correlated significantly with the amount of power Doppler signal: r = 0.397 (p<0.01) and 0.328 (p<0.05), respectively. The ultrasound devices differed in showing the smallest detectable flow. A negative Doppler signal does not exclude the possibility of synovitis. A positive Doppler signal in the synovium is an indicator of an active synovial inflammation in patients. A Doppler signal does not correlate with the extent of the inflammation and it can also be seen in other synovial reactions. It is important that the quality measurements of ultrasound devices are reported, because the results should be evaluated against the quality of the device used.

Expression of GLUT-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma in tobacco and non-tobacco users

PubMed Central

Azad, Neha; Kumari Maurya, Malti; Kar, Meenakshi; Goel, Madhu Mati; Singh, Ajay Kumar; Sagar, Mala; Mehrotra, Divya; Kumar, Vijay

2016-01-01

Background GLUTs are a family of proteins that mediate glucose transport through the membrane, expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. GLUT-1 positivity in malignant cells indicates increased proliferative activity, energy requirements, aggressive behaviour and poor radiation response. Aim To observe the expression of GLUT-1 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma in tobacco and non-tobacco users and to correlate the expression with histopathological grading and pathological staging. Methods 50 cases (25 tobacco and 25 non-tobacco) of oral squamous cell carcinoma, selected during period of August 2014 to July 2015. Histopathological grading, TNM and staging were done. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using standard protocol for paraffin embedded sections. Analysis was performed on SPSS software (Windows version 17.0). Results Significant association of GLUT-1 expression was found with history of tobacco (p < 0.001), Bryne's grade (p < 0.001), tumour size (p = 0.001), nodal metastasis (p = 0.022) and stage (p < 0.001). Higher GLUT-1 expression in stage II, stage III and stage IV was found as compared to stage I. GLUT-1 immunoexpression also shows progressive switch from membranous to cytoplasmic to combined location correlating with histopathologic grade and pTNM stage. Conclusion GLUT-1 expression correlates significantly with histological grade and pTNM staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It also significantly correlates with tobacco addiction. Thus, GLUT-1 expression may serve as a biomarker for patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID:26937365

Maximized Inter-Class Weighted Mean for Fast and Accurate Mitosis Cells Detection in Breast Cancer Histopathology Images.

PubMed

Nateghi, Ramin; Danyali, Habibollah; Helfroush, Mohammad Sadegh

2017-08-14

Based on the Nottingham criteria, the number of mitosis cells in histopathological slides is an important factor in diagnosis and grading of breast cancer. For manual grading of mitosis cells, histopathology slides of the tissue are examined by pathologists at 40× magnification for each patient. This task is very difficult and time-consuming even for experts. In this paper, a fully automated method is presented for accurate detection of mitosis cells in histopathology slide images. First a method based on maximum-likelihood is employed for segmentation and extraction of mitosis cell. Then a novel Maximized Inter-class Weighted Mean (MIWM) method is proposed that aims at reducing the number of extracted non-mitosis candidates that results in reducing the false positive mitosis detection rate. Finally, segmented candidates are classified into mitosis and non-mitosis classes by using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in accuracy of mitosis cells detection in different grades of breast cancer histopathological images.

Neoadjuvant radiation in primary extremity liposarcoma: correlation of MRI features with histopathology.

PubMed

Wortman, Jeremy R; Tirumani, Sree Harsha; Tirumani, Harika; Shinagare, Atul B; Jagannathan, Jyothi P; Hornick, Jason L; Ramaiya, Nikhil H

2016-05-01

To evaluate MRI features of response of primary extremity liposarcoma (LPS) to neoadjuvant radiation therapy (RT) with histopathologic correlation. In this IRB-approved study including 125 patients with extremity LPS treated with neoadjuvant RT from 2000 to 2013, MRI of the primary tumour in 18 patients (5 pleomorphic LPS, 13 myxoid LPS) before and after RT were reviewed by two radiologists by consensus. Histopathology of the surgical specimens was reviewed by a pathologist with expertise in sarcomas. In the pleomorphic LPS cohort, 3/5 tumours increased in size; 3/5 decreased in enhancing component; and 3/5 increased in peritumoral oedema, intratumoral haemorrhage, and necrosis. In the myxoid LPS cohort, 12/13 tumours decreased in size, 8/13 decreased in enhancing component, and 5/13 increased in internal fat following RT. Histopathology showed ≥50% residual tumour in 1/5 pleomorphic LPS and 2/13 myxoid LPS. Hyalinization/necrosis of ≥75% was noted in 4/5 pleomorphic LPS and 11/13 myxoid LPS. Cytodifferentiation was noted in 1/5 pleomorphic and 9/13 myxoid LPS. While pleomorphic LPS showed an increase in size, peritumoral oedema, intratumoral haemorrhage, and necrosis on MRI following neoadjuvant RT, myxoid LPS showed a decrease in size and enhancement with an increase in internal fat. • Pleomorphic LPS commonly increase in size and necrosis on MRI following RT. • Myxoid LPS commonly decrease in size and enhancement on MRI following RT. • Myxoid LPS often increase in fatty component on MRI following RT.

No correlation between initial arterial carboxyhemoglobin level and degree of lung injury following ovine burn and smoke inhalation.

PubMed

Lange, Matthias; Cox, Robert A; Traber, Daniel L; Hamahata, Atsumori; Nakano, Yoshimitsu; Traber, Lillian D; Enkhbaatar, Perenlei

2014-04-01

Fire victims often suffer from burn injury and concomitant inhalation trauma, the latter significantly contributing to the morbidity and mortality in these patients. Measurement of blood carboxyhemoglobin levels has been proposed as a diagnostic marker to verify and, perhaps, quantify the degree of lung injury following inhalation trauma. However, this correlation has not yet been sufficiently validated. A total of 77 chronically instrumented sheep received sham injury, smoke inhalation injury, or combined burn and inhalation trauma following an established protocol. Arterial carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were determined directly after injury and correlated to several clinical and histopathological determinants of lung injury that were detected 48 hours post-injury. The injury induced severe impairment of pulmonary gas exchange and increases in transvascular fluid flux, lung water content, and airway obstruction scores. No significant correlations were detected between initial carboxyhemoglobin levels and all measured clinical and histopathological determinants of lung injury. In conclusion, the amount of arterial carboxyhemoglobin concentration cannot predict the degree of lung injury at 48 hours after ovine burn and smoke inhalation trauma.

Utility of Fite-Faraco stain for both mast cell count and bacillary index in skin biopsies of leprosy patients.

PubMed

Chatura, K R; Sangeetha, S

2012-01-01

To assess the utility of a single stain for both mast cell count and bacillary index (BI), 50 skin-biopsie patients were stained with Fite-Faraco (FF) stain, viewed under oil immersion and BI calculated using the Ridley's logarithmic scale, and mast cells counted as the number of cells per mm2. Mean mast cell count per mm2 at the tuberculoid pole was lowest in TT 7.9 and highest in BT 14.23. At the lepromatous end, it was highest in BL 9.21, while in LL it was 8.23. Highest counts were seen in the borderline types overall. The correlation coefficient between histopathological diagnosis and BI is 0.822 which is a positive correlation to a significant degree. The correlation coefficient between histopathological diagnosis and mast cell count was found to be -0.17, which is a negative correlation but not to a significant degree. FF stain was utilised to visualise both bacilli for estimation of BI and mast cells for mast cell count, a seldom attempted feature in literature.

Predictive role of arterial carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in ovine burn and smoke inhalation-induced lung injury.

PubMed

Lange, Matthias; Cox, Robert A; Enkhbaatar, Perenlei; Whorton, Elbert B; Nakano, Yoshimitsu; Hamahata, Atsumori; Jonkam, Collette; Esechie, Aimalohi; von Borzyskowski, Sanna; Traber, Lillian D; Traber, Daniel L

2011-05-01

Inhalation injury frequently occurs in burn patients and contributes to the morbidity and mortality of these injuries. Arterial carboxyhemoglobin has been proposed as an indicator of the severity of inhalation injury; however, the interrelation between arterial carboxyhemoglobin and histological alterations has not yet been investigated. Chronically instrumented sheep were subjected to a third degree burn of 40% of the total body surface area and inhalation of 48 breaths of cotton smoke. Carboxyhemoglobin was measured immediately after injury and correlated to clinical parameters of pulmonary function as well as histopathology scores from lung tissue harvested 24 hours after the injury. The injury was associated with a significant decline in pulmonary oxygenation and increases in pulmonary shunting, lung lymph flow, wet/dry weight ratio, congestion score, edema score, inflammation score, and airway obstruction scores. Carboxyhemoglobin was negatively correlated to pulmonary oxygenation and positively correlated to pulmonary shunting, lung lymph flow, and lung wet/dry weight ratio. No significant correlations could be detected between carboxyhemoglobin and histopathology scores and airway obstruction scores. Arterial carboxyhemoglobin in sheep with combined burn and inhalation injury are correlated with the degree of pulmonary failure and edema formation, but not with certain histological alterations including airway obstruction scores.

Histologic, Serologic, and Molecular Analysis of Persistent Ehrlichiosis in a Murine Model

PubMed Central

Olano, Juan P.; Wen, Gary; Feng, Hui-Min; McBride, Jere W.; Walker, David H.

2004-01-01

Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis was reported in 1987. An animal model to study acute fatal ehrlichiosis in mice that has been developed closely resembles the fatal form of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. However, animal models for persistent infection in the genus Ehrlichia in immunocompetent mice have not been characterized. We report the histopathological progression of Ehrlichia muris infection in immunocompetent mice (AKR and C57BL/6 strains) correlated with their antibody response determined by indirect immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting, and the distribution and quantity of the ehrlichial load by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR in lungs, liver, and spleen. Mild to moderate correlation was observed between histopathological grading in these organs and relative ehrlichial loads. The highest ehrlichial loads were present between days 4 and 14 after infection. E. muris was detected in tissues examined up to 150 days after infection by real-time PCR. Analysis of the serological response revealed several immunodominant antigens, including 200-, 180-, 100-, 73/75-, 45-, and 28-kd proteins. In conclusion, we have provided for the first time a complete histopathological, serological, immunohistochemical, and quantitative analysis of an animal model for the study of persistent ehrlichial infection. PMID:15331423

Clinicopathologic assessment of Candida colonization of oral leukoplakia.

PubMed

Sarkar, Reena; Rathod, G P

2014-01-01

Leukoplakia is the most common premalignant lesion of the oral mucosa. We studied the colonization of Candida in oral leukoplakia using direct microscopy, culture and histopathology to determine if there is a statistical correlation between Candida invasion and the clinical appearance and presence of epithelial dysplasia in leukoplakia. Samples were collected from 40 patients with oral leukoplakia and 21 controls. The swabs collected were used to inoculate Sabouraud's dextrose agar slant and for direct microscopy with Gram's stain. Culture growths were subjected to germ tube and corn meal agar tests to differentiate between Candida albicans and non-albicans groups. Biopsies were also done in all patients for histopathological confirmation; Gomori's methanamine silver stain was used to identify fungal invasion of lesional epithelium. Nineteen cases of leukoplakia showed Candida on direct smears, compared to 3 controls. Eighteen cases and one control showed growth of Candida on culture. Non-homogenous leukoplakia showed a higher positivity rate on microscopy and culture than homogenous lesions. All these correlations were statistically significant. Forty percent of leukoplakia cases were simultaneously positive for Candida on direct microscopy, culture and histopathologic evaluation. No significant difference was found between non-dysplastic and distinctly dysplastic lesions with respect to Candida detection on microscopy or culture.

Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath: A 10-year study from a tertiary care centre.

PubMed

Kumar, R; Bharani, V; Gupta, N; Gupta, K; Dey, P; Srinivasan, R; Rajwanshi, A

2018-06-01

Cytology of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (GCTTS) is often sufficient to diagnose this lesion and has been previously described in small series. The present study was undertaken to evaluate detailed cytomorphological features and differential diagnostic entities and pitfalls in the diagnosis. All the cases of GCTTS reported on FNAC were retrieved from July 2007 to June 2017. The cases were reviewed for various cytomorphological features, which were correlated with follow-up histopathology wherever available. A total of 72 cases of GCTTS were retrieved, follow-up histopathology was available in 20 cases. The common sites of involvement were fingers and palm followed by wrists, elbow, knee, ankle and shoulder. The characteristic cytomorphology consisted of mononuclear cells, multinucleated giant cells and pigment laden macrophages in variable numbers. There were four discordant cases that were confirmed on histopathology as sarcoidosis, melanoma, fibrous histiocytoma and eumycetoma. GCTTS can be confused cytologically with giant cell rich lesions of bone and soft tissue and pigment containing lesions including melanoma. Ladybird cell is a characteristic feature seen in this lesion. Proper clinicoradiological correlation is essential before offering a diagnosis of GCTTS on cytology. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Correlation of cervical cytology with high-risk HPV molecular diagnosis, genotypes, and histopathology--A four year study from the UAE.

PubMed

Krishnan, Kavita; Thomas, Antony

2016-02-01

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the world and in the Middle East. Its prevention and screening strategies assume great importance especially in view of the ability to identify the illness at an early stage and disrupt its progression toward neoplasia. Cervical cancer screening program of our center in UAE as well as this study is oriented in this direction. Cervical cytology data encompassing 4 years (2011-2014) was compiled and analyzed for 14,950 cases to assess the abnormal smear reporting pattern, correlation with biopsy histopathology, HPV high-risk screening data, and HPV genotype prevalence among patients with abnormal smear test, as well as in relation to the respective nationalities of patients. Abnormal smear rates as well as HPV high-risk positivity correlated well with established data. Cytology-histology correlation was good. HPV high-risk type 16 was the commonest, type 18 which is the second common type worldwide was less frequently detected, several other high risk subtypes such as 51, 31 as well as rare types such as 66, 56, and 59 were detected in a significant number of patients. Assessment of cervical cytology reporting pattern, correlation of cervical cytology with HPV molecular diagnosis, and biopsy histopathology is a useful way to audit our work and a good quality control practice. Higher prevalence of HPV HR types such as type 51, 31 as well as 66, 56, and 59 found in the present as well as many similar other studies apart from the commonest subtype 16 may imply necessity for development of more targeted and multivalent anti-HPV vaccines for protection of women in our region. HPV genotypes correlation with the nationalities of patients is useful from an epidemiological standpoint to plan preventive strategies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparative evaluation of immunohistochemistry, histopathology and conventional radiography in differentiating periapical lesions.

PubMed

Saraf, Prahlad A; Kamat, Sharad; Puranik, R S; Puranik, Surekha; Saraf, Suma P; Singh, Bhanu Pratap

2014-03-01

Periapical lesions often present differently on the radiograph resulting in a dilemma in the mind of the dentist to arrive at a final diagnosis. Although, histopathologic diagnosis has been used for confirmation of the true nature of periapical lesion, the concept of transformation of periapical granulomas containing epithelium without cystification into cyst remains controversial. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of conventional radiography and histopathology in differentiating periapical lesions in adjunct with immunohistochemical analysis. Periapical lesions often present differently on the radiograph resulting in a dilemma in the mind of the dentist to arrive at a final diagnosis. Although, histopathologic diagnosis has been used for confirmation of the true nature of periapical lesion, the concept of transformation of periapical granulomas containing epithelium without cystification into cyst remains controversial. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of conventional radiography and histopathology in differentiating periapical lesions in adjunct with immunohistochemical analysis. Thirty patients having large periapical radiolucency that do not heal successfully with routine endodontic therapy in relation to either maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth were selected for the study. Intraoral periapical radiographs were obtained and provisional diagnosis of the apical areas were made. Endodontic surgery was performed to enable histopathogical investigation. The histopathological interpretation was done to arrive at a final diagnosis and selected questionable granulomas were subjected for cytokeratin (CK-14) stain. The histopathological profile of lesions consisted of 66.66% periapical granulomas, 10% cysts, 6.67% abscess and 16.67% granulomas with cystic potential. The radiographic and histopathologic correlation was found in only 30% of these cases. Strong CK-14 expression was observed in all five cases of periapical granuloma with cystic potential. The radiographic diagnosis of periapical lesions remains inconclusive. Although histopathologic examination of periapical lesions gives true nature, the precise nature of subsets of periapical granulomas may be achieved with adjunct use of immunohistochemical markers.

Comparative evaluation of immunohistochemistry, histopathology and conventional radiography in differentiating periapical lesions

PubMed Central

Saraf, Prahlad A; Kamat, Sharad; Puranik, R S; Puranik, Surekha; Saraf, Suma P; Singh, Bhanu Pratap

2014-01-01

Background and Aim: Periapical lesions often present differently on the radiograph resulting in a dilemma in the mind of the dentist to arrive at a final diagnosis. Although, histopathologic diagnosis has been used for confirmation of the true nature of periapical lesion, the concept of transformation of periapical granulomas containing epithelium without cystification into cyst remains controversial. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of conventional radiography and histopathology in differentiating periapical lesions in adjunct with immunohistochemical analysis. Aim: Periapical lesions often present differently on the radiograph resulting in a dilemma in the mind of the dentist to arrive at a final diagnosis. Although, histopathologic diagnosis has been used for confirmation of the true nature of periapical lesion, the concept of transformation of periapical granulomas containing epithelium without cystification into cyst remains controversial. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of conventional radiography and histopathology in differentiating periapical lesions in adjunct with immunohistochemical analysis. Materials and Method: Thirty patients having large periapical radiolucency that do not heal successfully with routine endodontic therapy in relation to either maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth were selected for the study. Intraoral periapical radiographs were obtained and provisional diagnosis of the apical areas were made. Endodontic surgery was performed to enable histopathogical investigation. The histopathological interpretation was done to arrive at a final diagnosis and selected questionable granulomas were subjected for cytokeratin (CK-14) stain. Results: The histopathological profile of lesions consisted of 66.66% periapical granulomas, 10% cysts, 6.67% abscess and 16.67% granulomas with cystic potential. The radiographic and histopathologic correlation was found in only 30% of these cases. Strong CK-14 expression was observed in all five cases of periapical granuloma with cystic potential. Conclusion: The radiographic diagnosis of periapical lesions remains inconclusive. Although histopathologic examination of periapical lesions gives true nature, the precise nature of subsets of periapical granulomas may be achieved with adjunct use of immunohistochemical markers. PMID:24778515

Apparent diffusion coefficient as it relates to histopathology findings in post-chemotherapy nephroblastoma: a feasibility study.

PubMed

Littooij, Annemieke S; Nikkels, Peter G; Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, Christina A; van de Ven, Cees P; van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Marry M; Olsen, Øystein E

2017-11-01

Nephroblastomas represent a group of heterogeneous tumours with variable proportions of distinct histopathological components. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether direct comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements with post-resection histopathology subtypes is feasible and whether ADC metrics are related to histopathological components. Twenty-three children were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study. All children had MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) after preoperative chemotherapy, just before tumour resection. A pathologist and radiologist identified corresponding slices at MRI and postoperative specimens using tumour morphology, the upper/lower calyx and hilar vessels as reference points. An experienced reader performed ADC measurements, excluding non-enhancing areas. A pathologist reviewed the corresponding postoperative slides according to the international standard guidelines. We tested potential associations with the Spearman rank test. Side-by-side comparison of MRI-DWI with corresponding histopathology slides was feasible in 15 transverse slices in 9 lesions in 8 patients. Most exclusions were related to extensive areas of necrosis/haemorrhage. In one lesion correlation was not possible because of the different orientation of sectioning of the specimen and MRI slices. The 25% ADC showed a strong relationship with percentage of blastema (Spearman rho=-0.71, P=0.003), whereas median ADC was strongly related to the percentage stroma (Spearman rho=0.74, P=0.002) at histopathology. Side-by-side comparison of MRI-DWI and histopathology is feasible in the majority of patients who do not have massive necrosis and hemorrhage. Blastemal and stromal components have a strong linear relationship with ADC markers.

Histopathologic analysis of atrial tissue in patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison between patients with atrial septal defect and patients with mitral valvular heart disease.

PubMed

Kwak, Jae Gun; Seo, Jeong-Wook; Oh, Sam Se; Lee, Sang Yun; Ham, Eui Keun; Kim, Woong-Han; Kim, Soo-Jin; Bae, Eun Jung; Lim, Cheoung; Lee, Chang-Ha; Lee, Cheul

2014-01-01

Atrial fibrillation (AF) in adult patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) accompanies an enlarged right atrium (RA) with a less enlarged left atrium (LA), which is the opposite situation in patients with AF and mitral valvular disease. This study was to compare the histopathological change in the atrium of patients with AF of two different etiologies: ASD and mitral disease. Twenty-four patients were enrolled. Group 1 included patients with ASD (8), Group 2 included patients with ASD with AF (6), and Group 3 included patients with mitral disease with AF (10). Preoperative atrial volumes were measured. Atrial tissues were obtained during surgical procedures and stained with periodic acid-Schiff, smooth muscle actin, Sirius red, and Masson's trichrome to detect histopathologic changes compatible with AF. The severity of histopathological changes was represented with "positivity" and "strong positivity" after analyzing digitalized images of the staining. We investigated the relationship between the degree of atrial dilatation and severity of histopathological changes according to the groups and tissues. Group 2 and Group 3 patients showed a tendency toward an enlarged RA volume and enlarged LA volume, respectively, compared with each others. However, in the histopathologic analysis, "positivity" and "strong positivity" showed no significant positive correlations with the degree of atrial volume in special staining. A similar degree of histopathologic changes was observed in both atria in patients with AF (Group 2 and 3) regardless of the degree of dilatation of atrial volume and disease entities. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Epidermal growth factor receptor and v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogen homologue-specific amino acid substitutions are associated with different histopathological prognostic factors in resected non-small-cell lung cancer.

PubMed

Seitlinger, Joseph; Renaud, Stéphane; Falcoz, Pierre-Emmanuel; Schaeffer, Mickaël; Olland, Anne; Reeb, Jérémie; Santelmo, Nicola; Legrain, Michèle; Voegeli, Anne-Claire; Weingertner, Noëlle; Chenard, Marie-Pierre; Beau-Faller, Michèle; Massard, Gilbert

2016-12-01

Epidermal growth factor receptor (mEGFR) and v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogen homologue (mKRAS) mutations are the two main oncogenic drivers in resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between histopathological prognostic factors and these mutations in resected NSCLC. We retrospectively reviewed data from 841 patients who underwent a surgical resection with a curative intent for NSCLC between 2007 and 2012. KRAS mutations were observed in 255 patients (32%) and mEGFR in 103 patients (12%). A correlation was observed between mKRAS patients and lymph node involvement [Cramer's V: 0.451, P < 0.001, OR: 7.5 (95% CI: 5.3-10.7), P < 0.001]. Otherwise, a correlation was observed between mKRAS and the risk of harbouring 2 N2 stations [Cramer's V: 0.235, P = 0.02, OR: 3.04 (95% CI: 1.5-6.3), P = 0.004]. High lymph node ratio and angioinvasion were also significantly more frequent in mKRAS [Cramer's V: 0.373, P < 0.001, OR: 6.37 (95% CI: 3.9-10.5), P < 0.001; and Cramer's V: 0.269, P < 0.001, OR: 3.25 (95% CI: 2.4-4.4), P < 0.001, respectively]. Skip N2 and microscopic N2 were significantly more frequent in mEGFR [Cramer's V: 0.459, P < 0.001, OR: 18 (95% CI: 5.6-57.8), P < 0.001; and (Cramer's V: 0.45, P < 0.001 OR: 21.14 (95% CI: 9.2-48.3), P < 0.001, respectively]. We observed a correlation between mKRAS and negative histopathological prognostic factors and between mEGFR and positive prognostic factors. One can wonder whether histopathological prognostic factors are only clinical reflections of molecular alterations. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

A new approach for measuring the work and quality of histopathology reporting.

PubMed

Sharma, Vijay; Davey, Jonathan G N; Humphreys, Catherine; Johnston, Peter W

2013-07-01

Cancer datasets drive report quality, but require more work to inform compliant reports. The aim of this study was to correlate the number of words with measures of quality, to examine the impact of the drive for improved quality on the workload of histopathology reporting over time. We examined the first 10 reports of colon, breast, renal, lung and ovarian carcinoma, melanoma resection, nodal lymphoma appendicitis and seborrhoeic keratosis (SK) issued in 1991, 2001 and 2011. Correlations were analysed using Pearson's partial correlation coefficients. Word count increased significantly over time for most specimen types examined. Word count almost always correlated with units of information, indicating that the word count was a good measure of the amount of information contained within the reports; this correlation was preserved following correction for the effect of time. A good correlation with compliance with cancer datasets was also observed, but was weakened or lost following correction for the increase in word count and units of information that occurred between time points. These data indicate that word count could potentially be used as a measure of information content if its integrity and usefulness are continuously validated. Further prospective studies are required to assess and validate this approach. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Intravascular laser speckle imaging for the mechanical analysis of coronary plaques (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosoda, Masaki; Wang, Jing; Tsikudi, Diane; Nadkarni, Seemantini

2016-02-01

Acute myocardial infarction is frequently caused by the rupture of coronary plaques with severely compromised viscoelastic properties. We have developed a new optical technology termed intravascular laser speckle imaging (ILSI) that evaluates plaque viscoelastic properties, by measuring the time scale (time constant, τ) of temporally evolving laser speckle fluctuations. To enable coronary evaluation in vivo, an optical ILSI catheter has been developed that accomplishes omni-directional illumination and viewing of the entire coronary circumference without the need for mechanical rotation. Here, we describe the capability of ILSI for evaluating human coronary atherosclerosis in cadaveric hearts. ILSI was conducted in conjunction with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in five human cadaveric hearts. The left coronary artery (LCA), left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCx), and right coronary artery (RCA) segments were resected and secured on custom-developed coronary holders to enable accurate co-registration between ILSI, OCT, and histopathology. Speckle time constants, τ, calculated from each ILSI section were compared with lipid and collagen content measured from quantitative Histopathological analysis of the corresponding Oil Red O and Picrosirius Red stained sections. Because the presence of low viscosity lipid elicits rapid speckle fluctuations, we observed an inverse correlation between τ measured by ILSI and lipid content (R= -0.64, p< 0.05). In contrast, the higher viscoelastic modulus of fibrous regions resulted in a positive correlation between τ and collagen content (R= 0.54, p< 0.05). These results demonstrate the feasibility of conducting ILSI evaluation of arterial mechanical properties using a miniaturized omni-directional catheter.

Petrous apex cholesterol granuloma: maintenance of drainage pathway, the histopathology of surgical management and histopathologic evidence for the exposed marrow theory.

PubMed

Hoa, Michael; House, John W; Linthicum, Fred H

2012-08-01

(1) To assess the maintenance of drainage pathway patency in patients who undergo surgical management of cholesterol granulomas, (2) to review the histopathologic and radiologic changes associated with surgical drainage of petrous apex (PA) cholesterol granulomas, and (3) to provide histopathologic evidence regarding the exposed marrow theory of PA cholesterol granulomas. Retrospective case review and histopathologic analysis. Tertiary referral center. Records of 17 patients with surgically managed PA cholesterol granulomas were reviewed. Histopathologic analysis was performed on temporal bones of 11 patients with PA cholesterol granulomas from the Temporal Bone repository at the House Research Institute. Surgical drainage of PA cholesterol granulomas; follow-up radiologic imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging), when available. Primary outcome is demonstrated maintenance of a PA outflow drainage pathway after the surgical drainage procedure as assessed by radiologic imaging, available histopathology, and/or recurrence of symptoms indicating failure of maintenance. Other measures include need for revision surgery and histopathology findings. A majority (65%) of patients exhibited maintenance of their PA drainage pathway. Histopathologic evidence suggests that the PA drainage pathway can be maintained for many years after surgical drainage. Recurrence of symptoms was related to obstruction of the drainage pathway by fibrous tissue and/or granulomatous tissue. Placement of a stent improved the patient's chance of remaining symptom-free, with recurrence of symptoms and revision surgery required in only 2 stent cases (18%) as compared with 83% of those with no stent (p ≤ 0.035). Histopathologic evidence for the exposed marrow theory of PA cholesterol granulomas was found. The majority of patients who undergo surgical drainage of PA cholesterol granulomas remain symptom-free after surgical drainage. Histopathologic analysis of temporal bone specimens provides evidence supporting the exposed marrow theory of PA cholesterol granuloma formation. Loss of patency of the PA drainage pathway may be an important predictor for symptomatic recurrence of PA cholesterol granulomas. Placement of a stent may decrease the likelihood of symptomatic recurrence.

The Acute Gastrointestinal Syndrome in High-Dose Irradiated Mice

PubMed Central

Booth, Catherine; Tudor, Gregory; Tudor, Julie; Katz, Barry P; MacVittie, Thomas

2012-01-01

The most detailed reports of the response of the gastrointestinal system to high dose acute radiation have focused mainly on understanding the histopathology. However, to enable medical countermeasure assessment under the animal rule criteria, it is necessary to have a robust model in which the relationship between radiation dose and intestinal radiation syndrome incidence, timing and severity are established and correlated with histopathology. Although many mortality studies have been published, they have used a variety of mouse strains, ages, radiation sources and husbandry conditions, all of which influence the dose response. Further, it is clear that the level of bone marrow irradiation and supportive care can influence endpoints. In order to create robust baseline data we have generated dose response data in adult male mice, maintained under identical conditions, and exposed to either total or partial-body irradiation. Partial-body irradiation includes both extensive (40%) and minimal (5%) bone marrow sparing models, the latter designed to correlate with an established primate model and allow assessment of effects of any medical countermeasure on all three major radiation syndromes (intestinal, bone marrow and lung) in the surviving mice. Lethal dose (LD30, LD50 and LD70) data are described in the various models, along with the impact of enteric flora and response to supportive care. Correlation with diarrhea severity and histopathology are also described. This data can be used to aid the design of good laboratory practice (GLP) compliant Animal Rule studies that are reflective of the conditions following accidental radiation exposure. PMID:23091876

Semi-automated and automated glioma grading using dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI relative cerebral blood volume measurements.

PubMed

Friedman, S N; Bambrough, P J; Kotsarini, C; Khandanpour, N; Hoggard, N

2012-12-01

Despite the established role of MRI in the diagnosis of brain tumours, histopathological assessment remains the clinically used technique, especially for the glioma group. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) is a dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI parameter that has been shown to correlate to tumour grade, but assessment requires a specialist and is time consuming. We developed analysis software to determine glioma gradings from perfusion rCBV scans in a manner that is quick, easy and does not require a specialist operator. MRI perfusion data from 47 patients with different histopathological grades of glioma were analysed with custom-designed software. Semi-automated analysis was performed with a specialist and non-specialist operator separately determining the maximum rCBV value corresponding to the tumour. Automated histogram analysis was performed by calculating the mean, standard deviation, median, mode, skewness and kurtosis of rCBV values. All values were compared with the histopathologically assessed tumour grade. A strong correlation between specialist and non-specialist observer measurements was found. Significantly different values were obtained between tumour grades using both semi-automated and automated techniques, consistent with previous results. The raw (unnormalised) data single-pixel maximum rCBV semi-automated analysis value had the strongest correlation with glioma grade. Standard deviation of the raw data had the strongest correlation of the automated analysis. Semi-automated calculation of raw maximum rCBV value was the best indicator of tumour grade and does not require a specialist operator. Both semi-automated and automated MRI perfusion techniques provide viable non-invasive alternatives to biopsy for glioma tumour grading.

Correlational study of impacted and non-functional lower third molar position with occurrence of pathologies.

PubMed

Camargo, Igor Batista; Sobrinho, João Batista; Andrade, Emanuel Sávio de Souza; Van Sickels, Joseph E

2016-12-01

Lower third molar (M3) eruption is unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to correlate radiographic position of M3 on a preexistent film with the current clinical, histopathological, and radiographic findings. A retrospective cohort study was performed. The sample was collected from a database of patients covered by Medical Fund of Brazilian Army. Radiographs were obtained a minimum of 5 years prior to the presurgical visit and after their clinical exam. The primary outcome variables were the teeth positions using Pell and Gregory/Winter classifications on panoramic X-rays. Those variables were analyzed at both the beginning (T0) and end of the study (T1). Clinical assessments and histopathological study of the thirds that were extracted were performed only at T1. Correlation between the teeth positions were related to the clinical, histopathological, and radiographic parameters using statistical analysis tests with significance set at p < 0.05. Twenty-six patients with 49 M3 were assessed over 10 months. Mean age was 14.92 years at T0 and 21.87 years at T1. The average time between T0 and T1 was 6.77 years. A significant relationship (p = 0.024) was found between the presences of root resorption on the second molar if M3 presented in an IB horizontal position at T1. There was also a significant correlation (p = 0.039) between dental crowding of the anterior lower teeth with IIIB position at T0 and if the patient finished orthodontic treatment without lingual retainers. Lower M3 in position IIIB seen in a teenager and IB seen in an adult is more likely to have negative consequences and should be followed closely.

Histopathology-like categories based on endometrial imprint cytology in dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

PubMed

Baxi, Seema N; Panchal, Nirav S

2015-01-01

Cytology of the endometrium is an underused technique in diagnostic pathology. It has been used in the past for endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Only few studies have used cytology in the diagnosis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). Endometrial imprint cytology has been rarely used except for application of immunocytochemistry in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether it is possible to assign histopathology-like diagnosis by imprint cytology and also to evaluate its usefulness in the assessment of patients of dysfunctional uterine bleeding of low clinical suspicion. Imprint smears were made from 93 curettage materials during a study of DUB. Blinded analysis of imprint smears was performed by using McKenzie's criteria and some criteria devised for the requirements of this study. Results of cytology were correlated with histopathology. Statistical analysis was carried out by GraphpadInStat Demo. Majority of the patterns classifiable in histopathology could also be classified in this study on imprint cytology. The overall sensitivity and specificity of cytology in the detection of endometrial patterns in DUB patients were 91.23% and 83.87%, respectively, although the sensitivities and specificities differ according to the phase of endometrium. Histopathology-like categories can be assigned on imprint smears in the diagnosis of DUB. Endometrial imprint cytology can be helpful in centers where histopathology laboratories are not available and even in well-established institutes. It is possible to improve the sensitivity and specificity with better imprinting techniques.

[MRT of the liver in Wilson's disease].

PubMed

Vogl, T J; Steiner, S; Hammerstingl, R; Schwarz, S; Kraft, E; Weinzierl, M; Felix, R

1994-01-01

To show that Wilson's disease is one likely cause of multiple low-intensity nodules of the liver we obtained MR images in 16 patients with clinically and histopathologically confirmed Wilson's disease. Corresponding to morphological changes MRI enabled the subdivision of the patients into two groups. Using a T2-weighted spin-echo sequence (TR/TE = 2000/45-90) liver parenchyma showed multiple tiny low-intensity-nodules surrounded by high-intensity septa in 10 out of 16 patients. 5 patients had also low-intensity nodules in T1-weighted images (TR/TE = 600/20). In patients of this group histopathology revealed liver cirrhosis (n = 7) and fibrosis (n = 2). Common feature of this patient group was marked inflammatory cell infiltration into fibrous septa, increase of copper concentration in liver parenchyma and distinct pathological changes of laboratory data. In the remaining 6 patients no pathological change of liver morphology was demonstrated by MRI corresponding to slight histopathological changes of parenchyma and normal laboratory data. As low-intensity nodules surrounded by high intensity septa can be demonstrated in patients with marked inflammatory infiltration of liver parenchyma MRI may help to define Wilson patients with poorer prognosis. In patients with low-intensity nodules of the liver and unknown cause of liver cirrhosis laboratory data and histopathology should be checked when searching for disorders of copper metabolism.

Neuroradiology and histopathology in two cases of adult medulloblastoma.

PubMed

Romero-Rojas, Alfredo E; Diaz-Perez, Julio A; Raju, Sharat; Lozano-Castillo, Alfonso

2014-04-01

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common central nervous system neoplasm in children and only rarely presents in the adult population. Recent molecular biology findings have characterized MB as a heterogeneous neoplasm distinguished by well-defined tumour subsets each with specific histologic and molecular features. Available immunohistochemical stains can now be used to differentiate the distinct molecular types of MB. This report analyzed the histopathologic and neuroradiologic features of two new cases of adult MB. Imaging studies in these patients revealed the morphological appearance of high-grade, well-circumscribed heterogeneous tumours with necrosis, located laterally within the posterior cranial fossa. Histopathology of resected samples demonstrated high-grade tumours (WHO grade IV) containing sheets of undifferentiated neural cells with high mitotic activity and evidence of necrosis. The histopathologic and molecular characteristics of these cases of MB are reviewed for potential applications in new molecular methods of imaging.

A survey of spontaneous occurrence of ochratoxin A residues in chicken tissues and concurrence with histopathological changes in liver and kidneys

USGS Publications Warehouse

Milicevic, Dragan; Jovanovic, Milijan; Matekalosverak, Vesna; Radicevic, Tatjana; Petrovic, Milan M.; Lilic, Slobodan

2011-01-01

Toxicological and histopathological investigations of tissues of commercially slaughtered chickens were carried out to provide a preliminary evaluation of the incidence of occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in chicken sold in Serbian retail market. In addition, the etiology of nephropathies of these chickens was elucidated. The majority of these tissue samples were not found to contain measurable amounts of OTA. Moreover, the OTA levels found in analyzed tissues were generally low and there was no positive correlation between the presence of OTA and the frequency of histopathological changes. Histopathological changes such as degenerative changes in the kidneys and liver differed from the classical description of the mycotoxic nephropathy, indicating that the chicken nephropathy observed in Serbia may have a multitoxic etiology with possible synergistic effect between microorganisms and natural toxins, usually present in low concentrations. The low OTA results also suggested that chicken meat available in the retail market in Serbia are unlikely to pose any significant adverse health risk to the consumers with respect to OTA toxicity.

Histopathologic aid to diagnosis of sarcoidosis: report of 8 cases.

PubMed

Manonukul, Jane; Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima; Wisuthsarewong, Wanee; Thirapote, Panitta

2006-06-01

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology. The disease is common in blacks and is very rare in Thailand. It presents as one of the most variable manifestations usually affecting the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. Other organs such as liver, spleen, joints and eyes including skin are also involved The common cutaneous lesions are maculopapular, erythematous plaque, subcutaneous nodule, scar and lupus pernio. No reliable indicator is useful for diagnosis except the histopathologic change which is the only way for approaching this disease. Sarcoidosis is the disease of exclusion. Various infections producing granulomas should be excluded histologically. The ultimate diagnosis requires clinical correlation, laboratory investigations, chest X-ray as well as available tissue culture. Herein, the authors reported eight cases of sarcoidosis by retrospective study primarily diagnosed by histopathological findings at Siriraj Hospital from January, 1997 to December, 2004 with many different clinical presentations. Despite the diverse clinical pictures, interestingly, the presented patients almost had the same histopathologic findings as small, uniform, discrete naked granulomas usually without necrosis. These findings act as a hallmark for diagnosis of this disease.

Histopathology of a functioning mitomycin-C trabeculectomy.

PubMed

Liang, Steve Y-W; Lee, Graham A; Whitehead, Kevin

2009-04-01

The ideal trabeculectomy bleb is diffuse, normally vascularized and characterized by microcystic change in the overlying conjunctiva. We compare and contrast the histopathology of a normally functioning mitomycin-C trabeculectomy site obtained from an eye enucleated for iris melanoma with abnormal blebs discussed in the literature. Representative sections of the normally functioning bleb were examined under the light microscope. The conjunctiva is composed of a uniform three-layered non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium overlying a single layer of oedematous basal cells. The conjunctival stroma consisted of loose connective tissue, traversed by capillaries and scattered small cystic spaces lined by endothelial cells. There were no goblet cells and few inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. The scleral trapdoor was evident as a cleft in the scleral wall in communication with the anterior chamber at the surgically created sclerostomy. Because the histopathological findings in our case correlate well with this clinical appearance, we conclude that whereas augmentation with anti-metabolites, such as mitomycin-C, can be associated with significantly altered conjunctival histopathology and consequent hypotony, but, if used carefully, normal architecture is conserved.

Can Contrast-Enhanced Sonography Detect Bowel Wall Fibrosis in Mixed Inflammatory and Fibrotic Crohn Disease Lesions in an Animal Model?

PubMed

Dillman, Jonathan R; Rubin, Jonathan M; Johnson, Laura A; Moons, David S; Higgins, Peter D R

2017-03-01

To determine whether contrast-enhanced sonographic quantitative perfusion parameters can detect bowel wall fibrosis in the setting of mixed inflammatory and fibrotic lesions in a Crohn disease animal model. This study was approved by the institutional Committee on the Use and Care of Animals. Multiple (range, 1-5) 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-ethanol enemas were used to create intestinal inflammatory lesions with variable fibrosis in female Lewis rats. Low-mechanical index contrast-enhanced sonography was performed 3 days after the final enema using a 0.2-mL bolus of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles injected through a tail vein. Contrast-enhanced sonographic data were analyzed with software that converts video data into echo-power (linearized) data. Colorectal lesions were scored for histopathologic inflammation and fibrosis; bowel wall collagen was quantified by Western blotting. The Spearman correlation was used to assess associations between contrast-enhanced sonographic quantitative parameters and bowel wall collagen; the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare continuous results between histopathologic groups. Thirty-one animals were included in our analysis. Animals were placed into 3 histopathologic cohorts: (1) severe bowel wall inflammation/minimal or no fibrosis (n = 11); (2) severe bowel wall inflammation/moderate fibrosis (n = 9); and (3) severe bowel wall inflammation/severe fibrosis (n = 11). Western blotting showed a significant difference in bowel wall collagen between histopathologic cohorts (P = .0001). There was no correlation between any contrast-enhanced sonographic quantitative parameter and bowel wall collagen (P > .05). There was no difference between histopathologic cohorts for any contrast-enhanced sonographic quantitative parameter (P > .05). Contrast-enhanced sonographic quantitative perfusion parameters failed to effectively detect bowel wall fibrosis in the setting of superimposed inflammation in a Crohn disease animal model. © 2017 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography for the assessment of histopathological response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Shimomura, Hiroyuki; Sasahira, Tomonori; Yamanaka, Yasutsugu; Kurihara, Miyako; Imai, Yuichiro; Tamaki, Shigehiro; Yamakawa, Nobuhiro; Shirone, Norihisa; Hasegawa, Masatoshi; Kuniyasu, Hiroki; Kirita, Tadaaki

2015-04-01

[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is widely used to evaluate tumor metabolic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of FDG-PET in assessing the histopathological response to preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Forty-five patients with resectable advanced OSCC who had received preoperative CRT followed by tumor ablative surgery between January 2004 and December 2011 were included in the study. All patients underwent FDG-PET before and after preoperative CRT. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) before (pre-SUV) and after preoperative CRT (post-SUV) and the SUVmax reduction rate (ΔSUV %) were used to evaluate the response to preoperative CRT. Correlations among SUVmax, histopathological response, and expression of cancer antigen Ki-67 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were analyzed. Preoperative CRT significantly reduced intratumoral FDG uptake (P < 0.001). The pre-SUV and post-SUV were significantly lower in patients with a pathological complete response (pCR) than in those with a non-pCR (pre-SUV P = 0.037; post-SUV P = 0.001). ΔSUV % was higher in patients with pCR than in those with non-pCR (P = 0.029). The pre-SUV was significantly correlated with Ki-67 and HIF-1α expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens (Ki-67 P = 0.046, R = 0.292; HIF-1α P = 0.007, R = 0.385). The expression of both Ki-67 and HIF-1α was significantly lower in patients with pCR than in those with non-pCR (Ki-67 P < 0.001; HIF-1α P < 0.001). Low pre-SUV and post-SUV and high ΔSUV % may predict a good histopathological response to preoperative CRT. Ki-67 and HIF-1α expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens were predictors of histopathological response to preoperative CRT.

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of carotid atherosclerotic plaques - a correlation study with histopathology.

PubMed

Xia, Zhangyong; Yang, Hua; Yuan, Xiaochun; Wang, Jiyue; Zhang, Shigang; Zhang, Liyong; Qu, Yang; Chen, Jun; Jiao, Liqun; Wang, Le-Xin; Du, Yifeng

2017-07-01

This study aimed to utilize high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the characteristics of stable and vulnerable carotid arteriosclerotic plaques, with correlations to histopathological findings. High-resolution MRI was performed in 817 patients, using three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography. Plaque composition was evaluated by measuring the areas occupied by calcification, a lipid-rich necrotic core, intra-plaque haemorrhage, and fibrous cap rupture. Plaque morphology was analysed by measuring vessel wall area, thickness, and luminal area at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Plaque tissues were sampled during carotid endarterectomy and examined using haematoxylin-eosin, Oil Red O, Masson trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical staining for CD68. Patients were divided into stable plaque group (n = 462) and vulnerable plaque group (n = 355), based on intraoperative observations and postoperative histopathological findings. Compared to the stable plaque group, the vulnerable plaque group exhibited increased vessel wall areas and thickness, and decreased mean luminal areas (P < 0.001). The vulnerable plaque group also had a lower collagen content, a higher lipid content, and higher CD68 expression in plaque tissues on histological examinations (P < 0.01). Incidences of lipid-rich necrotic core (38.1 % vs. 34.3 %), intra-plaque haemorrhage (26.9 % vs. 22.8 %), plaque calcification (45.2 % vs. 40.9 %), and fibrous cap rupture (36.0 % vs 39.8 %) in the plaques were concordant with MRI observations and histopathological findings (p > 0.05). Stable and vulnerable carotid plaques had different morphologies and compositions. High-resolution MRI can assess such differences qualitatively and quantitatively in vivo and provide guidance for risk stratification and management.

Histopathology of type C liver disease for determining hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors.

PubMed

Matsumura, Hiroshi; Nirei, Kazushige; Nakamura, Hitomi; Higuchi, Teruhisa; Arakawa, Yasuo; Ogawa, Masahiro; Tanaka, Naohide; Moriyama, Mitsuhiko

2013-08-14

To evaluate the histopathological findings of type C liver disease to determine risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We studied 232 patients, who underwent liver biopsy for type C chronic liver disease between 1992 and 2009, with sustained virological response (SVR) after interferon therapy. The patients were divided into two groups according to the F stage 0 + 1 + 2 group (n = 182) and F3 + 4 group (n = 50). We prospectively observed and compared the incidence of HCC of the patients with SVR in the F0 + 1 + 2 and F3 + 4 groups. Then, the background factors and liver histopathological findings, including the degree of fibrosis, F stage, inflammation, necrosis, bile duct obstruction, fat deposition, and degree of irregular regeneration (IR) of hepatocytes, were correlated with the risk of developing HCC. HCC developed in three of 182 (1.6%) patients in the F0 + 1 + 2 group, and four of 50 (8.0%) in the F3 + 4 group. The cumulative incidence of HCC in the former group was found to be significantly lower than in the F3 + 4 group (log rank test P = 0.0224). The presence of atypical hepatocytes among IR of hepatocytes in the F3 + 4 group resulted in a higher cumulative incidence of HCC, and was significantly correlated with risk of HCC development (RR = 20.748, 95%CI: 1.335-322.5, P = 0.0303). Atypical hepatocytes among the histopathological findings of type C liver disease may be an important risk factor for HCC development along with progression of liver fibrosis.

The prevalence of gastric heterotopia of the proximal esophagus is underestimated, but preneoplasia is rare - correlation with Barrett's esophagus.

PubMed

Peitz, Ulrich; Vieth, Michael; Evert, Matthias; Arand, Jovana; Roessner, Albert; Malfertheiner, Peter

2017-07-12

The previously reported prevalence of gastric heterotopia in the cervical esophagus, also termed inlet patch (IP), varies substantially, ranging from 0.18 to 14%. Regarding cases with adenocarcinoma within IP, some experts recommend to routinely obtain biopsies from IP for histopathology. Another concern is the reported relation to Barrett's esophagus. The objectives of the study were to prospectively determine the prevalence of IP and of preneoplasia within IP, and to investigate the association between IP and Barrett's esophagus. 372 consecutive patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy were carefully searched for the presence of IP. Biopsies for histopathology were targeted to the IP, columnar metaplasia of the lower esophagus, gastric corpus and antrum. Different definitions of Barrett's esophagus were tested for an association with IP. At least one IP was endoscopically identified in 53 patients (14.5%). Histopathology, performed in 46 patients, confirmed columnar epithelium in 87% of cases, which essentially presented corpus and/or cardia-type mucosa. Intestinal metaplasia was detected in two cases, but no neoplasia. A previously reported association of IP with Barrett's esophagus was weak, statistically significant only when short segments of cardia-type mucosa of the lower esophagus were included in the definition of Barrett's esophagus. The prevalence of IP seems to be underestimated, but preneoplasia within IP is rare, which does not support the recommendation to regularly obtain biopsies for histopathology. Biopsies should be targeted to any irregularities within the heterotopic mucosa. The correlation of IP with Barrett's esophagus hints to a partly common pathogenesis.

Histologic and Molecular Correlation in Shelter Cats with Acute Upper Respiratory Infection ▿

PubMed Central

Burns, Rachel E.; Wagner, Denae C.; Leutenegger, Christian M.; Pesavento, Patricia A.

2011-01-01

This is a descriptive study designed to correlate diagnostic real-time PCR results with histopathologic lesions in cats with clinical signs of upper respiratory infection (URI). The study occurred over a 9-month period in a single open-intake animal shelter. Cats that were selected for euthanasia by the shelter staff and additionally had URI were included in the study, for a total of 22 study cats. Combined conjunctival and oropharyngeal swab specimens were tested by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), Mycoplasma felis, Chlamydophila felis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Necropsy was performed on all cats, and a complete set of respiratory tract tissues was examined by histopathology. Among 22 cats, 20 were qPCR positive for FHV-1, 7 for M. felis, 5 for FCV, 1 for C. felis, and 0 for B. bronchiseptica. Nine cats were positive for two or more pathogens. Histopathologic lesions were present in all cats, with consistent lesions in the nasal cavity, including acute necroulcerative rhinitis in 16 cats. Histologic or antigenic detection of FHV-1 was seen in 18 of 20 cats positive for FHV-1 by qPCR. No lesions that could be specifically attributed to FCV, M. felis, or C. felis were seen, although interpretation in this cohort could be confounded by coinfection with FHV-1. A significant agreement was found between the amount of FHV-1 DNA determined by qPCR and the presence of specific histopathologic lesions for FHV-1 but not for the other respiratory pathogens. PMID:21562109

Histologic and molecular correlation in shelter cats with acute upper respiratory infection.

PubMed

Burns, Rachel E; Wagner, Denae C; Leutenegger, Christian M; Pesavento, Patricia A

2011-07-01

This is a descriptive study designed to correlate diagnostic real-time PCR results with histopathologic lesions in cats with clinical signs of upper respiratory infection (URI). The study occurred over a 9-month period in a single open-intake animal shelter. Cats that were selected for euthanasia by the shelter staff and additionally had URI were included in the study, for a total of 22 study cats. Combined conjunctival and oropharyngeal swab specimens were tested by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), Mycoplasma felis, Chlamydophila felis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Necropsy was performed on all cats, and a complete set of respiratory tract tissues was examined by histopathology. Among 22 cats, 20 were qPCR positive for FHV-1, 7 for M. felis, 5 for FCV, 1 for C. felis, and 0 for B. bronchiseptica. Nine cats were positive for two or more pathogens. Histopathologic lesions were present in all cats, with consistent lesions in the nasal cavity, including acute necroulcerative rhinitis in 16 cats. Histologic or antigenic detection of FHV-1 was seen in 18 of 20 cats positive for FHV-1 by qPCR. No lesions that could be specifically attributed to FCV, M. felis, or C. felis were seen, although interpretation in this cohort could be confounded by coinfection with FHV-1. A significant agreement was found between the amount of FHV-1 DNA determined by qPCR and the presence of specific histopathologic lesions for FHV-1 but not for the other respiratory pathogens.

Adrenocortical adenoma and carcinoma: histopathological and molecular comparative analysis.

PubMed

Stojadinovic, Alexander; Brennan, Murray F; Hoos, Axel; Omeroglu, Atilla; Leung, Denis H Y; Dudas, Maria E; Nissan, Aviram; Cordon-Cardo, Carlos; Ghossein, Ronald A

2003-08-01

We compared histomorphological features and molecular expression profiles of adrenocortical adenomas (ACAd) and carcinomas (ACCa). A critical histopathological review (mean, 11 slides per patient) was conducted of 37 ACAd and 67 ACCa. Paraffin-embedded tissue cores of ACAd (n = 33) and ACCa (n = 38) were arrayed in triplicate on tissue microarrays. Expression profiles of p53, mdm-2, p21, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, p27, and Ki-67 were investigated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with histopathology and patient outcome using standard statistical methodology. Median follow-up period was 5 years. Tumor necrosis, atypical mitoses, and >1 mitosis per 50 high-power fields were factors that were highly specific for ACCa (P <.001). Number (0 to 4) of unfavorable markers [Ki-67 (+), p21 (+), p27 (+), mdm-2(-)] expressed was significantly associated with mitotic activity and morphologic index (i.e., number of adverse morphologic features) and highly predictive of malignancy (P <.001). Ki-67 overexpression occurred in 0 ACAd and 36% ACCa (P <.001) and was significantly associated with mitotic rate and unfavorable morphologic index (P <.001). Tumor necrosis, atypical mitoses, >5 mitoses per 50 high-power fields, sinusoidal invasion, histologic index of >5, and presence of more than two unfavorable molecular markers were associated significantly with metastasis in ACCa. Well-established histopathologic criteria and Ki-67 can specifically distinguish ACCAd from ACCa. Tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67) correlates with mitotic activity and morphologic index. Tumor morphology is a better predictor of metastatic risk in ACCa than current immunohistochemistry-detected cell cycle regulatory and proliferation-associated proteins.

CDK4/6 dual inhibitor abemaciclib demonstrates compelling preclinical activity against esophageal adenocarcinoma: a novel therapeutic option for a deadly disease.

PubMed

Kosovec, Juliann E; Zaidi, Ali H; Omstead, Ashten N; Matsui, Daisuke; Biedka, Mark J; Cox, Erin J; Campbell, Patrick T; Biederman, Robert W W; Kelly, Ronan J; Jobe, Blair A

2017-11-21

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a deadly disease with limited therapeutic options. In the present study, we determined the preclinical efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib for treatment of EAC. In vitro , apoptosis, proliferation, and pathway regulation were evaluated in OE19, OE33, and FLO1 EAC cell lines. In vivo , esophagojejunostomy was performed on rats to induce EAC. At 36 weeks post-surgery, MRI and endoscopic biopsy established baseline tumor volume and molecular correlates, respectively. Next, the study animals were randomized to 26mg/kg intraperitoneal abemaciclib treatment or vehicle control for 28 days. Pre and post treatment MRIs, histopathology, and qRT-PCR were utilized to determine response. Our results demonstrated treatment with abemaciclib lead to increased apoptosis, and decreased proliferation in OE19 (p=0.185), OE33 (p=0.048), and FLO1 (p=0.043) with anticipated downstream molecular inhibition. In vivo , 78.9% of treatment animals demonstrated >20% tumor volume decrease (placebo 0%). Mean tumor volume changed in the treatment arm by -65.5% (placebo +133.5%) (p<0.01), and prevalence changed by -37.5% (placebo +16.7%) (p<0.01). Pre vs post treatment qRT-PCR demonstrated significant inhibition of all downstream molecular correlates. Overall our findings suggest potent antitumor efficacy of abemaciclib against EAC with evident molecular pathway inhibition and reasonable safety, establishing the rationale for future clinical development.

Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Scores (PEESS® v2.0) identify histologic and molecular correlates of the key clinical features of disease

PubMed Central

Martin, Lisa J.; Franciosi, James P.; Collins, Margaret H.; Abonia, J. Pablo; Lee, James J.; Hommel, Kevin A.; Varni, James W.; Grotjan, J. Tommie; Eby, Michael; He, Hua; Marsolo, Keith; Putnam, Philip E.; Garza, Jose M.; Kaul, Ajay; Wen, Ting; Rothenberg, Marc E.

2015-01-01

Background The Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score (PEESS® v2.0) measures patient-relevant outcomes. However, whether patient-identified domains (dysphagia, gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD), nausea/vomiting, and pain) align with clinical symptomology and histopathologic and molecular features of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical features of EoE, measured through the PEESS® v2.0, associate with histopathologic and molecular features of EoE. This represents a novel approach for analysis of allergic diseases, given the availability of allergic tissue biopsy specimens. Methods We systematically recruited treated and untreated, pediatric patients with EoE (aged 2–18 years) and examined parent proxy–reported symptoms using the PEESS® v2.0. Clinical symptomology was collected by questionnaire. Esophageal biopsy samples were quantified for levels of eosinophils, eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) immunohistochemical staining, and mast cells. Molecular features were assessed by the EoE Diagnostic Panel (94 EoE-related gene transcripts). Associations between domain scores and clinical symptoms and biologic features were analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Spearman correlation. Results The PEESS® v2.0 domains correlated to specific parent-reported symptoms: dysphagia (p = 0.0012), GERD (p = 0.0001), and nausea/vomiting (p < 0.0001). Pain correlated with multiple symptoms (p < 0.0005). Dysphagia correlated most strongly with overall histopathology, particularly in the proximal esophagus (p ≤ 0.0049). Markers of esophageal activity (EPX) were significantly associated with dysphagia (strongest r = .37; p = 0.02). Eosinophil levels were more associated with pain (r = 0.27; p=0.06) than for dysphagia (r = 0.24; p = 0.13). The dysphagia domain correlated the most with esophageal gene transcript levels, predominantly with mast cell–specific genes. Conclusion We have 1) established a validated, parent proxy–report measure for pediatric EoE — the PEESS® v2.0; 2) verified that parent-proxy effectively captures symptoms; 3) determined that the dysphagia domain most closely aligns with symptoms and tissue-based molecular biomarkers; 4) established that symptoms correlate EPX staining; and 5) observed association between mast cells and dysphagia. PMID:26051952

Optical imaging with a high-resolution microendoscope to identify cholesteatoma of the middle ear.

PubMed

Levy, Lauren L; Jiang, Nancy; Smouha, Eric; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca; Sikora, Andrew G

2013-04-01

High-resolution optical imaging is an imaging modality that allows visualization of structural changes in epithelial tissue in real time. Our prior studies using contrast-enhanced microendoscopy to image squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck demonstrated that the contrast agent, proflavine, has high affinity for keratinized tissue. Thus, high-resolution microendoscopy with proflavine provides a potential mechanism to identify ectopic keratin production, such as that associated with cholesteatoma formation, and distinguish between uninvolved mucosa and residual keratin at the time of surgery. Ex vivo imaging of histopathologically confirmed samples of cholesteatoma and uninvolved middle ear epithelium. Seven separate specimens collected from patients who underwent surgical treatment for cholesteatoma were imaged ex vivo with the fiberoptic endoscope after surface staining with proflavine. Following imaging, the specimens were submitted for hematoxylin and eosin staining to allow histopathological correlation. Cholesteatoma and surrounding middle ear epithelium have distinct imaging characteristics. Keratin-bearing areas of cholesteatoma lack nuclei and appear as confluent hyperfluorescence, whereas nuclei are easily visualized in specimens containing normal middle ear epithelium. Hyperfluorescence and loss of cellular detail is the imaging hallmark of keratin, allowing for discrimination of cholesteatoma from normal middle ear epithelium. This study demonstrates the feasibility of high-resolution optical imaging to discriminate cholesteatoma from uninvolved middle ear mucosa based on the unique staining properties of keratin. Use of real-time imaging may facilitate more complete extirpation of cholesteatoma by identifying areas of residual disease. Laryngoscope, 2012. Copyright © 2013 The American Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Society, Inc.

Adrenocortical tumours: high CT attenuation value correlates with eosinophilia but does not discriminate lipid-poor adenomas from malignancy.

PubMed

Pennanen, Mirkka; Raade, Merja; Louhimo, Johanna; Sane, Timo; Heiskanen, Ilkka; Arola, Johanna; Haglund, Caj

2013-12-01

Characterisation of adrenal tumours is an important clinical problem. Unenhanced CT is the primary imaging modality to assess the nature of these lesions. To study the correlation between unenhanced CT attenuation value and the specific histopathology, as well as the proportion of lipid-poor eosinophilic cells in adrenocortical tumours. We studied retrospectively primary adrenocortical tumours that had been operated on at Helsinki University Central Hospital between 2002 and 2008. Of 171 tumours, 79 had appropriate preoperative CT scans and were included in the study. We evaluated the unenhanced CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units, HU) of these tumours and determined their histopathological diagnosis by the Weiss scoring system. We also assessed the proportion of lipid-poor eosinophilic cells for each tumour. Unenhanced CT attenuation value (HU) in adrenocortical tumours correlated well with the proportion of lipid-poor eosinophilic cells (rs=0.750, p<0.001). HU and Weiss score also had a correlation (rs=0.582, p<0.001). Unenhanced CT attenuation value correlates well with the percentage of lipid-poor eosinophilic cells, but unenhanced CT attenuation value fails to differentiate between benign lipid-poor adenomas and malignant adrenocortical tumours. All adrenocortical tumours with unenhanced CT attenuation value ≤10 HU are histologically benign lipid-rich tumours.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the kidney: radiologic-pathological correlations.

PubMed

Chea, Y W; Agrawal, Rashi; Poh, Angeline C C

2008-06-01

A primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the kidney is a rare malignancy. We report the computed tomographic features and the histopathological correlation of such a tumour occurring in a middle-aged man. Although the radiological appearance has significant overlap with other renal tumours, this tumour should be included in the differential diagnosis of a large renal mass in younger patients.

Infrapatellar fat pad features in osteoarthritis: a histopathological and molecular study.

PubMed

Favero, Marta; El-Hadi, Hamza; Belluzzi, Elisa; Granzotto, Marnie; Porzionato, Andrea; Sarasin, Gloria; Rambaldo, Anna; Iacobellis, Claudio; Cigolotti, Augusto; Fontanella, Chiara Giulia; Natali, Arturo; Ramonda, Roberta; Ruggieri, Pietro; De Caro, Raffaele; Vettor, Roberto; Rossato, Marco; Macchi, Veronica

2017-10-01

The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is considered a local producer of adipocytokines, suggesting a potential role in OA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological and molecular characteristics of OA IFPs compared with controls. The histopathological characteristics of IFPs were evaluated in patients undergoing total knee replacements and in control patients (without OA), considering the following parameters: presence of inflammatory cells, vascularization, adipose lobules dimension and thickness of the interlobular septa. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate VEGF, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and IL-6 proteins. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression levels of adipocytokines in the OA IFPs. OA IFPs showed an increase in inflammatory infiltration, vascularization and thickness of the interlobular septa compared with controls. VEGF, MCP-1 and IL-6 proteins were higher in OA IFPs compared with in controls. Inflammatory infiltration, hyperplasia, vascularization and fibrosis were increased in OA IFP synovial membranes compared with in those of controls. VEGF protein levels were associated with an increased number of vessels in the OA IFPs, while MCP-1 and IL-6 protein levels were associated with higher grades of inflammatory infiltration. Leptin levels were positively correlated with adiponectin and MCP-1expression, while adiponectin positively correlated with peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma, MCP-1 and IFP vascularity. MCP-1 showed a positive correlation with peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma. IFP lobules dimensions were positively correlated with IL-6 expression and negatively with thickness of interlobular septa. VEGF mRNA levels were positively correlated with increased synovial vascularity. OA IFPs and synovial membranes are more inflamed, vascularized and fibrous compared with those of control patients (without OA). © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Physico-chemical properties of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract and its effect on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological changes over a period of 90 days.

PubMed

Shara, Michael; Ohia, Sunny E; Schmidt, Robert E; Yasmin, Taharat; Zardetto-Smith, Andrea; Kincaid, Anthony; Bagchi, Manashi; Chatterjee, Archana; Bagchi, Debasis; Stohs, Sidney J

2004-05-01

Garcinia cambogia-derived (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a popular and natural supplement for weight management. HCA is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATP citrate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of citrate and coenzyme A to oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in the cytosol. Acetyl CoA is used in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides, and in the synthesis of acetylcholine in the central nervous system. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a novel 60% calcium-potassium salt of HCA derived from Garcinia cambogia (HCA-SX, Super CitriMax) in weight management. Results have shown that HCA-SX promotes fat oxidation, enhances serotonin release and availability in the brain cortex, normalizes lipid profiles, and lowers serum leptin levels in obese subjects. Acute oral, acute dermal, primary dermal irritation and primary eye irritation toxicity, as well as Ames bacterial reverse mutation studies and mouse lymphoma tests have demonstrated the safety of HCA-SX. However, no detailed long-term safety of HCA-SX or any other HCA extract has been previously assessed. We evaluated the dose- and time-dependent effects of HCA-SX in Sprague-Dawley rats on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry over a period of 90 days. Furthermore, a 90-day histopathological evaluation was conducted. The animals were treated with 0, 0.2, 2.0 and 5.0% HCA-SX of feed intake and were sacrificed on 30, 60 or 90 days of treatment. The body weight and selected organ weights were assessed and correlated as a % of body weight and brain weight at 90 days of treatment. A significant reduction in body weight was observed in treated rats as compared to control animals. An advancing age-induced marginal increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed in both male and female rats, while no such difference in hepatic DNA fragmentation was observed as compared to the control animals. Furthermore, selected organ weights individually and as a % of body weight and brain weight at 90 days of treatment exhibited no significant difference between the groups. No difference was observed in hematology and clinical chemistry or the histopathological evaluation. Taken together, these results show that 90 day treatment of HCA-SX results in a reduction in body weight, and does not cause any changes in major organs or in hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology.

Basal Cell Carcinoma: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Histopathology, and Management

PubMed Central

Marzuka, Alexander G.; Book, Samuel E.

2015-01-01

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy. Exposure to sunlight is the most important risk factor. Most, if not all, cases of BCC demonstrate overactive Hedgehog signaling. A variety of treatment modalities exist and are selected based on recurrence risk, importance of tissue preservation, patient preference, and extent of disease. The pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, histopathology, and management of BCC will be discussed in this review. PMID:26029015

Use of shear wave elastography to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions.

PubMed

Çebi Olgun, Deniz; Korkmazer, Bora; Kılıç, Fahrettin; Dikici, Atilla Süleyman; Velidedeoğlu, Mehmet; Aydoğan, Fatih; Kantarcı, Fatih; Yılmaz, Mehmet Halit

2014-01-01

We aimed to determine the correlations between the elasticity values of solid breast masses and histopathological findings to define cutoff elasticity values differentiating malignant from benign lesions. A total of 115 solid breast lesions of 109 consecutive patients were evaluated prospectively using shear wave elastography (SWE). Two orthogonal elastographic images of each lesion were obtained. Minimum, mean, and maximum elasticity values were calculated in regions of interest placed over the stiffest areas on the two images; we also calculated mass/fat elasticity ratios. Correlation of elastographic measurements with histopathological results were studied. Eighty-three benign and thirty-two malignant lesions were histopathologically diagnosed. The minimum, mean, and maximum elasticity values, and the mass/fat elasticity ratios of malignant lesions, were significantly higher than those of benign lesions. The cutoff value was 45.7 kPa for mean elasticity (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 95%), 54.3 kPa for maximum elasticity (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 94%), 37.1 kPa for minimum elasticity (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 95%), and 4.6 for the mass/fat elasticity ratio (sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 95%). SWE yields additional valuable quantitative data to ultrasonographic examination on solid breast lesions. SWE may serve as a complementary tool for diagnosis of breast lesions. Long-term clinical studies are required to accurately select lesions requiring biopsy.

Transesophageal echocardiographic strain imaging predicts aortic biomechanics: Beyond diameter.

PubMed

Emmott, Alexander; Alzahrani, Haitham; Alreishidan, Mohammed; Therrien, Judith; Leask, Richard L; Lachapelle, Kevin

2018-03-11

Clinical guidelines recommend resection of ascending aortic aneurysms at diameters 5.5 cm or greater to prevent rupture or dissection. However, approximately 40% of all ascending aortic dissections occur below this threshold. We propose new transesophageal echocardiography strain-imaging moduli coupled with blood pressure measurements to predict aortic dysfunction below the surgical threshold. A total of 21 patients undergoing aortic resection were recruited to participate in this study. Transesophageal echocardiography imaging of the aortic short-axis and invasive radial blood pressure traces were taken for 3 cardiac cycles. By using EchoPAC (GE Healthcare, Madison, Wis) and postprocessing in MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, Mass), circumferential stretch profiles were generated and combined with the blood pressure traces. From these data, 2 in vivo stiffness moduli were calculated: the Cardiac Cycle Pressure Modulus and Cardiac Cycle Stress Modulus. From the resected aortic ring, testing squares were isolated for ex vivo mechanical analysis and histopathology. Each square underwent equibiaxial tensile testing to generate stress-stretch profiles for each patient. Two ex vivo indices were calculated from these profiles (energy loss and incremental stiffness) for comparison with the Cardiac Cycle Pressure Modulus and Cardiac Cycle Stress Modulus. The echo-derived stiffness moduli demonstrate positive significant covariance with ex vivo tensile biomechanical indices: energy loss (vs Cardiac Cycle Pressure Modulus: R 2  = 0.5873, P < .0001; vs Cardiac Cycle Stress Modulus: R 2  = 0.6401, P < .0001) and apparent stiffness (vs Cardiac Cycle Pressure Modulus: R 2  = 0.2079, P = .0378; vs Cardiac Cycle Stress Modulus: R 2  = 0.3575, P = .0042). Likewise, these transesophageal echocardiography-derived moduli are highly predictive of the histopathologic composition of collagen and elastin (collagen/elastin ratio vs Cardiac Cycle Pressure Modulus: R 2  = 0.6165, P < .0001; vs Cardiac Cycle Stress Modulus: R 2  = 0.6037, P < .0001). Transesophageal echocardiography-derived stiffness moduli correlate strongly with aortic wall biomechanics and histopathology, which demonstrates the added benefit of using simple echocardiography-derived biomechanics to stratify patient populations. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

CT imaging of malignant metastatic hemangiopericytoma of the parotid gland with histopathological correlation

PubMed Central

Khoo, James B.; Sittampalam, Kesavan; Chee, Soo K.

2008-01-01

Abstract We report an extremely rare case of malignant hemangiopericytoma (HPC) of the parotid gland and its metastatic spread to lung, liver, and skeletal muscle. Computed tomography (CT) imaging, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were employed to study the features of malignant HPC and its metastases. CT imaging was helpful to determine the exact location, involvement of adjacent structures and vascularity, as well as evaluating pulmonary, hepatic, peritoneal, and muscular metastases. Immunohistochemical and histopatholgical features of the primary tumor as well as the metastases were consistent with the diagnosis of malignant HPC. PMID:18940737

Evaluation of breast tissue with confocal strip-mosaicking microscopy: a test approach emulating pathology-like examination

PubMed Central

Abeytunge, Sanjee; Larson, Bjorg; Peterson, Gary; Morrow, Monica; Rajadhyaksha, Milind

2017-01-01

Abstract. Confocal microscopy is an emerging technology for rapid imaging of freshly excised tissue without the need for frozen- or fixed-section processing. Initial studies have described imaging of breast tissue using fluorescence confocal microscopy with small regions of interest, typically 750×750  μm2. We present exploration with a microscope, termed confocal strip-mosaicking microscope (CSM microscope), which images an area of 2×2  cm2 of tissue with cellular-level resolution in 10 min of excision. Using the CSM microscope, we imaged 34 fresh, human, large breast tissue specimens from 18 patients, blindly analyzed by a board-certified pathologist and subsequently correlated with the corresponding standard fixed histopathology. Invasive tumors and benign tissue were clearly identified in CSM strip-mosaic images. Thirty specimens were concordant for image-to-histopathology correlation while four were discordant. PMID:28327961

Atypical language representation in children with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.

PubMed

Maulisova, Alice; Korman, Brandon; Rey, Gustavo; Bernal, Byron; Duchowny, Michael; Niederlova, Marketa; Krsek, Pavel; Novak, Vilem

2016-05-01

This study evaluated language organization in children with intractable epilepsy caused by temporal lobe focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) alone or dual pathology (temporal lobe FCD and hippocampal sclerosis, HS). We analyzed clinical, neurological, fMRI, neuropsychological, and histopathologic data in 46 pediatric patients with temporal lobe lesions who underwent excisional epilepsy surgery. The frequency of atypical language representation was similar in both groups, but children with dual pathology were more likely to be left-handed. Atypical receptive language cortex correlated with lower intellectual capacity, verbal abstract conceptualization, receptive language abilities, verbal working memory, and a history of status epilepticus but did not correlate with higher seizure frequency or early seizure onset. Histopathologic substrate had only a minor influence on neuropsychological status. Greater verbal comprehension deficits were noted in children with atypical receptive language representation, a risk factor for cognitive morbidity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of AKT Protein Activation in Canine Mast Cell Tumours

PubMed Central

Rodriguez, S.; Fadlalla, K.; Graham, T.; Tameru, B.; Fermin, C. D.; Samuel, T.

2011-01-01

Summary The pathogenesis of canine mast cell tumour (MCT) remains unknown. Moreover, therapeutic options are limited and resistance to targeted drugs and recurrences are common, necessitating the identification of additional cellular targets for therapy. In this study we investigated the expression of phosphorylated AKT protein in 25 archival canine MCT samples by immunohistochemistry and examined the correlation between the immunohistochemical scores and histopathological tumour grades. AKT protein was detected in all of the samples and 24 of the 25 samples expressed the phosphorylated form of the protein, albeit with variable intensity. However, when the immunohistochemical scores of weak, intermediate and strong labelling were compared with the histopathological grades of I to III, there was no strong correlation. This study suggests that canine MCT cells have activated AKT and indicates the need for further research on the role of the AKT protein and the possibility of targeting the AKT signalling pathway in MCTs. PMID:22289273

In Vivo Dark-Field Radiography for Early Diagnosis and Staging of Pulmonary Emphysema.

PubMed

Hellbach, Katharina; Yaroshenko, Andre; Meinel, Felix G; Yildirim, Ali Ö; Conlon, Thomas M; Bech, Martin; Mueller, Mark; Velroyen, Astrid; Notohamiprodjo, Mike; Bamberg, Fabian; Auweter, Sigrid; Reiser, Maximilian; Eickelberg, Oliver; Pfeiffer, Franz

2015-07-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of in vivo x-ray dark-field radiography for early-stage diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema in mice. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze how the dark-field signal correlates with morphological changes of lung architecture at distinct stages of emphysema. Female 8- to 10-week-old C57Bl/6N mice were used throughout all experiments. Pulmonary emphysema was induced by orotracheal injection of porcine pancreatic elastase (80-U/kg body weight) (n = 30). Control mice (n = 11) received orotracheal injection of phosphate-buffered saline. To monitor the temporal patterns of emphysema development over time, the mice were imaged 7, 14, or 21 days after the application of elastase or phosphate-buffered saline. X-ray transmission and dark-field images were acquired with a prototype grating-based small-animal scanner. In vivo pulmonary function tests were performed before killing the animals. In addition, lungs were obtained for detailed histopathological analysis, including mean cord length (MCL) quantification as a parameter for the assessment of emphysema. Three blinded readers, all of them experienced radiologists and familiar with dark-field imaging, were asked to grade the severity of emphysema for both dark-field and transmission images. Histopathology and MCL quantification confirmed the introduction of different stages of emphysema, which could be clearly visualized and differentiated on the dark-field radiograms, whereas early stages were not detected on transmission images. The correlation between MCL and dark-field signal intensities (r = 0.85) was significantly higher than the correlation between MCL and transmission signal intensities (r = 0.37). The readers' visual ratings for dark-field images correlated significantly better with MCL (r = 0.85) than visual ratings for transmission images (r = 0.36). Interreader agreement and the diagnostic accuracy of both quantitative and visual assessment were significantly higher for dark-field imaging than those for conventional transmission images. X-ray dark-field radiography can reliably visualize different stages of emphysema in vivo and demonstrates significantly higher diagnostic accuracy for early stages of emphysema than conventional attenuation-based radiography.

Micronuclei: An essential biomarker in oral exfoliated cells for grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Jadhav, Kiran; Gupta, Nidhi; Ahmed, Mujib Br

2011-01-01

Micronuclei in exfoliated oral epithelial cells have been shown in some studies to correlate with severity of this genotoxic damage. This severity can be measured in terms of grading of the lesions. To correlate frequency of micronuclei (MN) in oral exfoliated cells in clinically diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) followed by a histopathological grading. The study subjects consisted of clinically diagnosed cases of OSCC. Healthy subjects without any tobacco consumption habits formed the control group. The cytosmears from both groups were stained with rapid Papanicolaou stain. MN were identified according to the criteria given by Countryman and Heddle with some modifications. The frequency of MN was three to four times higher in patients with OSCC as compared to patients in the control group and the difference was found to be highly significant. In 75% cases, the cytological grade as determined by the frequency of micronuclei correlated with the histopathological grade and this observation was statistically significant. MN can be a candidate to serve as a biomarker for prediction of the grade of OSCC.

Histopathologic grading of anaplasia in retinoblastoma.

PubMed

Mendoza, Pia R; Specht, Charles S; Hubbard, G Baker; Wells, Jill R; Lynn, Michael J; Zhang, Qing; Kong, Jun; Grossniklaus, Hans E

2015-04-01

To determine whether the degree of tumor anaplasia has prognostic value by evaluating its correlation with high-risk histopathologic features and clinical outcomes in a series of retinoblastoma patients. Retrospective clinicopathologic study. The clinical and pathologic findings in 266 patients who underwent primary enucleation for retinoblastoma were reviewed. The histologic degree of anaplasia was graded as retinocytoma, mild, moderate, or severe as defined by increasing cellular pleomorphism, number of mitoses, nuclear size, and nuclear hyperchromatism. Nuclear morphometric characteristics were measured. The clinical and pathologic data of 125 patients were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival. Fisher exact test and multivariate regression were used to analyze the association between anaplasia grade and high-risk histologic features. Increasing grade of anaplasia was associated with decreased overall survival (P = .003) and increased risk of metastasis (P = .0007). Histopathologic features that were associated with anaplasia included optic nerve invasion (P < .0001), choroidal invasion (P < .0001), and anterior segment invasion (P = .04). Multivariate analysis considering high-risk histopathology and anaplasia grading as predictors of distant metastasis and death showed that high-risk histopathology was statistically significant as an independent predictor (P = .01 for metastasis, P = .03 for death) but anaplasia was not (P = .63 for metastasis, P = .30 for death). In the absence of high-risk features, however, severe anaplasia identified an additional risk for metastasis (P = .0004) and death (P = .01). Grading of anaplasia may be a useful adjunct to standard histopathologic criteria in identifying retinoblastoma patients who do not have high-risk histologic features but still have an increased risk of metastasis and may need adjuvant therapy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Histopathological changes in the liver of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) persistently infected with hepatitis B virus.

PubMed

Ruan, Ping; Yang, Chun; Su, Jianjia; Cao, Ji; Ou, Chao; Luo, Chengpiao; Tang, Yanping; Wang, Qi; Yang, Fang; Shi, Junlin; Lu, Xiaoxu; Zhu, Linqun; Qin, Hong; Sun, Wen; Lao, Yuanzhi; Li, Yuan

2013-11-12

An animal model for HBV that more closely approximates the disease in humans is needed. The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) is closely related to primates and susceptible to HBV. We previously established that neonatal tree shrews can be persistently infected with HBV in vivo, and here present a six year follow-up histopathological study of these animals. Group A consists of six tree shrews with persistent HBV infection, group B consists of three tree shrews with suspected persistent HBV infection, while group C consists of four tree shrews free of HBV infection. Serum and liver tissues samples were collected periodically from all animals. HBV antigen and HBV antibodies were detected by ELISA and/or TRFIA. HBV DNA in serum and in liver biopsies was measured by FQ-PCR. Liver biopsies were applied for general histopathologic observation and scoring, immunohistochemical detections of HBsAg and HBcAg, and ultrastructural observation with electron microscope technique. Hydropic, fatty and eosinophilic degeneration of hepatocytes, lymphocytic infiltration and hyperplasia of small bile ducts in the portal area were observed in group A. One animal infected with HBV for over six years showed multiple necrotic areas which had fused to form bridging necrosis and fibrosis, and megalocytosis. The hepatic histopathological scores of group A were higher than those of group B and C. The histopathological score correlated positively with the duration of infection. Hepatic histopathological changes observed in chronically HBV-infected tree shrews are similar to those observed in HBV-infected humans. The tree shrew may represent a novel animal model for HBV infection.

The importance of consumption of the epidermis in malignant melanoma and correlation with clinicopathological prognostic parameters.

PubMed

Seçkin, Selda; Ozgũn, Elmas

2011-01-01

The aim of the study was to investigate the importance of consumption of the epidermis as an additional diagnostic criteria for malignant melanoma and to evaluate its relationship to clinicopathological findings. The age, gender, localization of the lesion and the histopathological parameters such as tumor type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, Clark's level, mitosis/mm2, lymphocytic infiltration were noted in 40 malignant melanoma cases. Consumption of the epidermis was evaluated in tumor sections. Consumption of the epidermis (COE) due to thinning of the epidermis and loss of rete ridges was noted as (+) or (-). Furthermore, COE was compared with clinical and histopathological parameters. The Shapiro Wilk and Logistic Regression tests were used for statistical analysis. The results were accepted as significant if the p value was < 0.05. COE was detected in 60% (24/40) of malignant melanoma cases. A positive correlation was present between COE and head and neck localization (p = 0,698), superficial spreading melanoma (p = 0,341), ulceration (p = 0,097) and brisk lymphocytic infiltration (p = 0,200) but the results were not statistically significant. COE was frequently detected in males but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.796). There was no correlation or significant statistical association between COE and age, Breslow thickness, Clark's level or the mitotic index. The detection of COE in most of the patients suggests that COE could be a histopathological criterion in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. The frequent association between COE and the presence of ulceration could also direct attention to COE as regards prognostic importance.

NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase as inflammatory markers in cattle naturally infected by Eurytrema coelomaticum.

PubMed

Fávero, Juscivete F; Schwertz, Claiton I; Doleski, Pedro H; Leal, Daniela B R; Machado, Gustavo; Manzoni, Alessandra G; da Silva, Ester S; Gabriel, Mateus E; Stedille, Fernanda A; Christ, Ricardo; Stefani, Lenita M; Mendes, Ricardo E; da Silva, Aleksandro S

2016-10-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate seric NTPDase and 5'nucleotidase activities of cattle naturally infected by Eurytrema coelomanticum, as well as to correlate them to histopathological lesions in the pancreas and the degree of parasitism. Blood samples and pancreas of 51 bovines were collected on a slaughterhouse in Southern Brazil: 33 from cattle naturally infected by E. coelomanticum (the Group A), and 18 from uninfected animals (the Group B). Infected animals showed an average of 532 parasites per pancreas. In the pancreatic histology, ducts displayed hyperplasia, stenosis, proliferation of fibrous tissue, and interstitial inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes. The serum from infected animals showed an increase in NTPDase activity when ATP was used as substrate (P<0.001). For the ADP substrate, there was no difference between groups regarding NTPDase activity (P=0.37), as well as 5'-nucleotidase activity (P=0.27). Correlating NTPDase activity (ATP substrate) with the degree of histopathological lesions (rho=0.66, P<0.001) and the parasitic load on the pancreas (rho=0.65, P<0.001), a positive correlation was observed. Similar results were found between the degree of histopathological lesions and NTPDase activity (ADP substrate; rho=0.29, P=0.03), and 5'nucleotidase activity (rho=0.35, P=0.01). Based on the results of NTPDase and 5'nucleotidase enzymes in cattle naturally infected by E. coleomanticum, it is possible to suggest that these enzymes are involved in the modulation of inflammation, and they can act as markers of inflammatory response. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wound Healing Potential of Intermittent Negative Pressure under Limited Access Dressing in Burn Patients: Biochemical and Histopathological Study

PubMed Central

Muguregowda, Honnegowda Thittamaranahalli; Kumar, Pramod; Govindarama, Padmanabha Udupa Echalasara

2018-01-01

BACKGROUND Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an oxidant that causes damage to membranes, DNA, proteins, and lipids at the cellular level. Antioxidants minimize the effects of oxidants and thus help in formation of healthy granulation tissues with higher level of hydroxyproline and total protein. This study compared the effect of limited access dressing (LAD) with conventional closed dressing biochemically and histopathologically. METHODS Seventy-two 12-65 years old burn patients with mean wound size of 14 cm2 were divided to two groups of LAD (n=37), and conventional dressing groups (n=35). Various biochemical parameters were measured in granulation tissue. Histopathological analysis of the granulation tissue was studied too. RESULTS LAD group showed significant increase in hydroxyproline, total protein, GSH, and GPx and decrease in MDA levels compared to conventional dressing group. A significant negative correlation between GSH and MDA was noted in LAD group, but in conventional dressing group there was no significant correlation. A significant negative correlation between GPx and MDA was noticed in LAD group, but in conventional dressing group was not significant. There was a histologically fewer inflammatory cells, increased and well organized extracellular matrix deposit, more angiogenesis in LAD group after 10 days while the difference was significant between the groups. CONCLUSION Our study showed a significant reduction in oxidative stress biomarker of MDA, increase in hydroxyproline, total protein, antioxidants and amount of ECM deposition, number of blood vessels and a decrease in the amount of inflammatory cells and necrotic tissues in LAD group indicating the better healing effect of burn wounds. PMID:29651393

Label-free and highly sensitive optical imaging of detailed microcirculation within meninges and cortex in mice with the cranium left intact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Yali; An, Lin; Wang, Ruikang K.

2010-05-01

We demonstrate for the first time that the detailed blood flow distribution within intracranial dura mater and cortex can be visualized by an ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG). The study uses an UHS-OMAG system operating at 1310 nm with an imaging speed at 150 frames per second that requires ~10 s to complete one 3-D scan of ~2.5×2.5 mm2. The system is sensitive to blood flow with a velocity ranging from ~4 μm/s to ~23 mm/s. We show superior performance of UHS-OMAG in providing functional images of capillary level microcirculation within meninges in mice with the cranium left intact, the results of which correlate well with the standard dural histopathology.

Clinicopathological correlates in HIV seropositive tuberculosis cases presenting with jaundice after initiating antiretroviral therapy with a structured review of the literature.

PubMed

Barr, David A; Ramdial, Pravistadevi K

2012-10-14

The development of jaundice after initiation of HAART in HIV-TB co-infected patients is a challenging presentation in resource constrained settings, and is often attributed to drug induced liver injury (DILI).Some investigators have described hepatic tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (TB-IRIS) as a cause of liver disease in patients initiating HAART, which could also cause jaundice. We report the clinical and histopathological features of five HIV-TB co-infected patients presenting with a syndrome of jaundice, tender hepatomegaly, bile canalicular enzyme rise and return of constitutional symptoms within 8 weeks of initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for advanced HIV infection at a rural clinic in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.All five patients had been diagnosed with tuberculosis infection prior to HAART initiation and were on antituberculous medication at time of developing jaundice. There was evidence of multiple aetiologies of liver injury in all patients. However, based on clinical course and pathological findings, predominant hepatic injury was thought to be drug induced in one case and hepatic tuberculosis associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in the other four.In these later 4 patients, liver biopsy findings included necrotising and non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation in the lobules and portal tracts. The granulomas demonstrated - in addition to epithelioid histiocytes and Langhans giant cells - neutrophils, plasma cells and large numbers of lymphocytes, which are not features of a conventional untreated tuberculous response. In this high TB prevalent, low resource setting, TB-IRIS may be an important cause of jaundice post-HAART initiation. Clinicopathological correlation is essential for optimal diagnosis. Further multi-organ based histopathological studies in the context of immune reconstitution would be useful to clinicians in low resource settings dealing with this challenging presentation.

Evaluation of Masood’s and Modified Masood’s Scoring Systems in the Cytological Diagnosis of Palpable Breast Lump Aspirates

PubMed Central

Chithrabhanu, Savithri Moothiringode

2017-01-01

Introduction Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) has a leading role in the assessment of breast lesions. Masood’s Scoring Index (MSI) and its modification (Modified Masood’s scoring index; MMSI) has been proposed to aid in sub-grouping breast lesions and to help in subsequent management. Aim To assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of MSI and MMSI by subsequent correlation with histopathology. Materials and Methods The study was cross-sectional in nature and was conducted in a tertiary care setting. The study included 207 cases presenting as palpable breast lump, which had undergone FNAC and subsequent excision biopsy for histopathology. Statistical Analysis The cases were grouped into four categories as suggested by Masood et al., (MSI) and Nandini et al., (MMSI) and concordance analysis with reference to histopathological diagnosis was done. Results In comparison to MSI, MMSI showed better concordance with histopathological diagnosis and superior diagnostic accuracy in non-proliferative breast disease category (p-value = 0.046) as well as in proliferative breast disease without atypia category. The overall diagnostic accuracy of the cytological scoring was 97.5%, with 94.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusion Though both MSI and MMSI were found effective in subcategorizing breast lesions, MMSI was found to have better concordance with histopathology. Inclusion of cellular pattern and background material may further help in increasing the accuracy. PMID:28571141

Association between culture results of corneal scrapings and culture and histopathology results of corneal tissues in therapeutic keratoplasty.

PubMed

Das, Sujata; Sharma, Savitri; Priyadarshini, Omega; Sahu, Srikant K; Kar, Sarita; Vemuganti, Geeta K

2011-09-01

To correlate the culture results of corneal scrapings with culture and histopathology results of corneal tissues in therapeutic keratoplasty. A retrospective analysis of the culture results of corneal scrapings and corneal tissues of eyes that received therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty at a tertiary eye care center between December 2006 and November 2008 was conducted. As per the preferred practice, those cases that did not respond to appropriate antimicrobial therapy and/or presented with a large infiltrate/perforation received therapeutic keratoplasty. The microbiology and histopathology findings of the corneal tissues were compared. Thirty-eight therapeutic keratoplasties were performed on 36 patients. Although all cases had histopathology and culture of the corneal tissue, corneal scrapings were not performed in 4 cases. Corneal scrapings and corneal tissues were culture-positive in 76% (26 of 34) and 60% (23 of 38) of cases, respectively. In 8 cases, the corneal scrapings and corneal tissues yielded identical organisms, whereas different organisms grew in 4 cases. In 6 cases, the corneal tissues were culture-positive but the corneal scrapings were sterile. In 20 cases, the corneal tissues were culture-positive for fungus and also showed fungal filaments in their corresponding histopathology specimens. Corneal tissue culture can provide additional information in cases undergoing therapeutic keratoplasty. It helps to determine the management of patients after keratoplasty.

Automated multimodal spectral histopathology for quantitative diagnosis of residual tumour during basal cell carcinoma surgery.

PubMed

Boitor, Radu; Kong, Kenny; Shipp, Dustin; Varma, Sandeep; Koloydenko, Alexey; Kulkarni, Kusum; Elsheikh, Somaia; Schut, Tom Bakker; Caspers, Peter; Puppels, Gerwin; van der Wolf, Martin; Sokolova, Elena; Nijsten, T E C; Salence, Brogan; Williams, Hywel; Notingher, Ioan

2017-12-01

Multimodal spectral histopathology (MSH), an optical technique combining tissue auto-fluorescence (AF) imaging and Raman micro-spectroscopy (RMS), was previously proposed for detection of residual basal cell carcinoma (BCC) at the surface of surgically-resected skin tissue. Here we report the development of a fully-automated prototype instrument based on MSH designed to be used in the clinic and operated by a non-specialist spectroscopy user. The algorithms for the AF image processing and Raman spectroscopy classification had been first optimised on a manually-operated laboratory instrument and then validated on the automated prototype using skin samples from independent patients. We present results on a range of skin samples excised during Mohs micrographic surgery, and demonstrate consistent diagnosis obtained in repeat test measurement, in agreement with the reference histopathology diagnosis. We also show that the prototype instrument can be operated by clinical users (a skin surgeon and a core medical trainee, after only 1-8 hours of training) to obtain consistent results in agreement with histopathology. The development of the new automated prototype and demonstration of inter-instrument transferability of the diagnosis models are important steps on the clinical translation path: it allows the testing of the MSH technology in a relevant clinical environment in order to evaluate its performance on a sufficiently large number of patients.

Correlation of Culture with Histopathology in Fungal Burn Wound Colonization and Infection

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

Echinocandin Anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin Candidal yeasts and Aspergillus Zygomycetes, Cryptococcus , Trichosporon, Fusarium Candida...less common moulds, as well as Cryptococcus and Trichosporon species. Of the currently approved agents, only amphotericin B has proven efficacy

Quantitative analysis of collagen change between normal and cancerous thyroid tissues based on SHG method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xiwen; Huang, Zufang; Xi, Gangqin; Chen, Yongjian; Lin, Duo; Wang, Jing; Li, Zuanfang; Sun, Liqing; Chen, Jianxin; Chen, Rong

2012-03-01

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is proved to be a high spatial resolution, large penetration depth and non-photobleaching method. In our study, SHG method was used to investigate the normal and cancerous thyroid tissue. For SHG imaging performance, system parameters were adjusted for high-contrast images acquisition. Each x-y image was recorded in pseudo-color, which matches the wavelength range in the visible spectrum. The acquisition time for a 512×512-pixels image was 1.57 sec; each acquired image was averaged four frames to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Our results indicated that collagen presence as determined by counting the ratio of the SHG pixels over the whole pixels for normal and cancerous thyroid tissues were 0.48+/-0.05, 0.33+/-0.06 respectively. In addition, to quantitatively assess collagen-related changes, we employed GLCM texture analysis to the SHG images. Corresponding results showed that the correlation both fell off with distance in normal and cancerous group. Calculated value of Corr50 (the distance where the correlation crossed 50% of the initial correlation) indicated significant difference. This study demonstrates that SHG method can be used as a complementary tool in thyroid histopathology.

Quantifying expert diagnosis variability when grading tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toro, Paula; Corredor, Germán.; Wang, Xiangxue; Arias, Viviana; Velcheti, Vamsidhar; Madabhushi, Anant; Romero, Eduardo

2017-11-01

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have proved to play an important role in predicting prognosis, survival, and response to treatment in patients with a variety of solid tumors. Unfortunately, currently, there are not a standardized methodology to quantify the infiltration grade. The aim of this work is to evaluate variability among the reports of TILs given by a group of pathologists who examined a set of digitized Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer samples (n=60). 28 pathologists answered a different number of histopathological images. The agreement among pathologists was evaluated by computing the Kappa index coefficient and the standard deviation of their estimations. Furthermore, TILs reports were correlated with patient's prognosis and survival using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. General results show that the agreement among experts grading TILs in the dataset is low since Kappa values remain below 0.4 and the standard deviation values demonstrate that in none of the images there was a full consensus. Finally, the correlation coefficient for each pathologist also reveals a low association between the pathologists' predictions and the prognosis/survival data. Results suggest the need of defining standardized, objective, and effective strategies to evaluate TILs, so they could be used as a biomarker in the daily routine.

Histopathological study of the outer membrane of the dura mater in chronic sub dural hematoma: Its clinical and radiological correlation

PubMed Central

Bokka, Sriharsha; Trivedi, Adarsh

2016-01-01

Background: A chronic subdural hematoma is an old clot of blood on the surface of the brain between dura and arachnoid membranes. These liquefied clots most often occur in patients aged 60 and older with brain atrophy. When the brain shrinks inside the skull over time, minor head trauma can cause tearing of blood vessels over the brain surface, resulting in a slow accumulation of blood over several days to weeks. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the role of membrane in hematoma evaluation and to correlate its histopathology with clinic-radiological aspects of the condition and overall prognosis of patients. Material and Methods: The study incorporated all cases of chronic SDH admitted to the Neurosurgery department of JLN Hospital and Research Centre, Bhilai, between November 2011 and November 2013. All such cases were analyzed clinically, radiologically like site, size, thickness in computed tomography, the attenuation value, midline shift and histopathological features were recorded. Criteria for Inclusion: All cases of chronic subdural haematoma irrespective of age and sex were incorporated into the study. Criteria for Exclusion: All cases of acute subdural haematoma and cases of chronic sub dural hematoma which were managed conservatively irrespective of age and sex were excluded from the study Results: In our series of cases, the most common histopathological type of membrane was the inflammatory membrane (Type II) seen in 42.30% of cases followed by hemorrhagic inflammatory membrane (Type III) seen in 34.62% of cases while scar inflammatory type of membrane (Type IV) was seen in 23.08% of cases. No case with noninflammatory type (Type I) was encountered. PMID:26889276

Will oncotype DX DCIS testing guide therapy? A single-institution correlation of oncotype DX DCIS results with histopathologic findings and clinical management decisions.

PubMed

Lin, Chieh-Yu; Mooney, Kelly; Choy, Winward; Yang, Soo-Ryum; Barry-Holson, Keegan; Horst, Kathleen; Wapnir, Irene; Allison, Kimberly

2018-04-01

Given the increased detection rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and the limited overall survival benefit from adjuvant breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery, there is interest in identifying subsets of patients who have low rates of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence such that they might safely forgo radiation. The Oncotype DCIS score is a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)-based assay that was validated to predict which DCIS cases are most likely to recur. Clinically, these results may be used to assist in selecting which patients with DCIS might safely forgo radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery; however, little is currently published on how this test is being used in practice. Our study examines traditional histopathologic features used in predicting DCIS risk with Oncotype DCIS results and how these results affect clinical decision-making at our academic institution. Histopathologic features and management decisions for 37 cases with Oncotype DCIS results over the past 4 years were collected. Necrosis, high nuclear grade, biopsy site change, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity <90% on immunohistochemistry, and Van Nuys Prognostic Index score of 8 or greater were significant predictors of an intermediate-high recurrence score on multivariate regression analysis (P<0.02). Low Oncotype DCIS scores and low nuclear grade were associated with lower rate of radiation therapy (P<0.008). There were seven cases (19%) with Oncotype DCIS results that we considered unexpected in relation to the histopathologic findings (ie, high nuclear grade with comedonecrosis and a low Oncotype score, or hormone receptor discrepancies). Overall, pathologic features correlate with Oncotype DCIS scores but unexpected results do occur, making individual recommendations sometimes challenging.

Endrin-induced histopathological changes and lipid peroxidation in livers and kidneys of rats, mice, guinea pigs and hamsters.

PubMed

Hassan, M Q; Numan, I T; al-Nasiri, N; Stohs, S J

1991-01-01

Endrin toxicity may be due to an oxidative stress associated with increased lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione content, and inhibition of glutathione peroxidase activity. Extensive interspecies variability exists in sensitivity towards endrin. Therefore, histopathological changes and lipid peroxidation in the livers and kidneys of rats, mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs were examined 24 hr after the administration of 4 mg endrin/kg body weight orally in corn oil. Degeneration and necrotic changes with inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in livers and kidneys, and interspecies variability occurred. Fatty changes in the form of hepatic foam cells with cytoplasmic vacuolation were present. Lipofuscin pigments, associated with lipid peroxidation, were observed in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. These histopathological conditions were prevented in rats which had been pretreated with butylated hydroxyanisole, vitamins E and C, or cysteine, antioxidants and free radical scavengers which have previously been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation. The extent of endrin-induced lipid peroxidation correlated well with the degree of histopathological changes. Thus, histological changes consistent with the induction of an oxidative stress were observed following the administration of endrin to various animal species.

Influence of the Bottom Sediment Characteristics on the Bivalve Mollusk Anadara kagoshimensis Histopathology's Variability in the Northeastern Coast of the Black Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolyuchkina, G. A.; Budko, D. F.; Chasovnikov, V. K.; Chzhu, V. P.

2017-11-01

With increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, investigations of organism's response to the contamination of natural habitats, are especially relevant. In the present study, we sought to identify the correlation between the bottom sediments and local variability in histopathology of Anadara kagoshimensis (Bivalvia) in four sites of the north-eastern coast of the Black Sea. Bottom sediment grain size, redox potential of pore water, heavy metals, benzo-α-pyrene and DDT concentrations have been used as characteristics of bottom sediments. Analysis of the data revealed differences in the geochemical background of the studied sites and the histopathological state of the molluscs from these areas. Among the 10 studied elements as well as benzo-α-pyrene and DDT, only Ni has shown an exceedance of statutory limits of concentration in bottom sediments. The study reveals a relationship between Ni concentration in the bottom sediments and frequency of heavy histopathologies in the molluscs. In addition to causes directly related to pollution, mild pathology may be influenced by "natural" causes; in particular, the high content of brown cells in the connective tissue of the digestive gland may be due to the age of molluscs.

Immunopathology of recurrent uveitis in spontaneously diseased horses.

PubMed

Deeg, C A; Ehrenhofer, M; Thurau, S R; Reese, S; Wildner, G; Kaspers, B

2002-08-01

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is the most serious eye disease in horses worldwide. Despite the fact that ERU is generally considered to be immune mediated, a detailed description of the histopathology of the posterior part of ERU eyes is lacking. Here, we examined sections of paraffin-embedded eyes using histological and immunhistological methods. Twenty seven eyes of 20 horses with ERU and 30 eyes of 15 healthy control horses were included in this study. We could consistently demonstrate an involvement of the retina and the choroid in all examined eyes of horses with spontaneous ERU. In eyes with minimal histopathological changes, the infiltrates consisted almost exclusively of T-cells. Histopathological changes start with the destruction of the photoreceptor outer segments, which often leads to focal retinal detachment. In more severely affected eyes, there is additional disintegration of the ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer. In almost all examined eyes, lymphoid follicle formation could be demonstrated. Typical localizations of these follicles were the iris stroma and the choroid underneath the transition zone of the retina without photoreceptor cells to the region containing photoreceptor cells. These follicles consist of a T-cell rich periphery with a small center of CD3-negative lymphocytes. In cases with extreme histopathological changes, the retinal architecture is widely disintegrated with massive infiltration of the retina, the choroid, and the ciliary body by several types of inflammatory cells. Necrotic remnants of the retina are end-stage findings and there is only a minor inflammatory infiltration left. This study provides clear evidence that the retina is involved in all stages of ERU. Inflammation is mainly driven by T-cells as T-cells were demonstrated in mild stages of the disease and are also the predominating cell type in all other stages of ERU.

Mercury and drought along the Lower Carson River, Nevada: III. effects on blood and organ biochemistry and histopathology of snowy egrets and black-crowned night-herons on Lahontan Reservoir, 2002-2006

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hoffman, David J.; Henny, Charles J.; Hill, Elwood F.; Grove, Robert A.; Kaiser, James L.; Stebbins, Katherine R.

2009-01-01

A 10-year study (1997-2006) was conducted to evaluate reproduction and health of aquatic birds in the Carson River Basin of northwestern Nevada (on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Natural Priorities List) due to high mercury (Hg) concentrations from past mining activities. This part of the study evaluated physiological associations with blood Hg in young snowy egrets (Egretta thula) and black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), and organ biochemistry and histopathological effects in snowy egrets on Lahontan Reservoir (LR) from the period 2002-2006. LR snowy egret geometric mean total Hg concentrations (μg/g ww) ranged from 1.5 to 4.8 for blood, 2.4 to 3.1 liver, 1.8 to 2.5 kidneys, 1.7 to 2.4 brain, and 20.5 to 36.4 feathers over these years. For night-herons, mean Hg for blood ranged from 1.6 to 7.4. Significant positive correlations were found between total Hg in blood and five plasma enzyme activities of snowy egrets suggesting hepatic stress. Histopathological findings revealed vacuolar changes in hepatocytes in LR snowy egrets as well as correlation of increased liver inflammation with increasing blood and tissue Hg. Hepatic oxidative effects were manifested by decreased hepatic total thiol concentration and glutathione reductase activity and elevated hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), a measure of lipid peroxidation. However, other hepatic changes indicated compensatory mechanisms in response to oxidative stress, including decreased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentration and decreased ratio of GSSG to reduced glutathione. In young black-crowned night-herons, fewer correlations were apparent. In both species, positive correlations between blood total Hg and plasma uric acid and inorganic phosphorus were suggestive of renal stress, which was supported by histopathological findings. Both oxidative effects and adaptive responses to oxidative stress were apparent in kidneys and brain. Vacuolar change and inflammation in peripheral nerves were found to correlate with blood and tissue Hg. Hg-associated effects related to the immune system included alterations in specific white blood cells and lymphoid depletion in the bursa that were correlated with blood and tissue Hg. When the number of plasma variables that differed between young snowy egrets from the LR site and the reference site were compared between wet and drought years, over twice as many variables were affected during drought years. This resulted in many more variables correlating with blood total Hg during dry than during wet years, suggesting the combination of drought and Hg was more stressful than Hg alone. Drought may have exacerbated Hg-related effects as reported previously for overall productivity. This relationship was not evident in black-crowned night-herons, although data were more limited.

Contrast improvement of terahertz images of thin histopathologic sections

PubMed Central

Formanek, Florian; Brun, Marc-Aurèle; Yasuda, Akio

2011-01-01

We present terahertz images of 10 μm thick histopathologic sections obtained in reflection geometry with a time-domain spectrometer, and demonstrate improved contrast for sections measured in paraffin with water. Automated segmentation is applied to the complex refractive index data to generate clustered terahertz images distinguishing cancer from healthy tissues. The degree of classification of pixels is then evaluated using registered visible microscope images. Principal component analysis and propagation simulations are employed to investigate the origin and the gain of image contrast. PMID:21326635

Contrast improvement of terahertz images of thin histopathologic sections.

PubMed

Formanek, Florian; Brun, Marc-Aurèle; Yasuda, Akio

2010-12-03

We present terahertz images of 10 μm thick histopathologic sections obtained in reflection geometry with a time-domain spectrometer, and demonstrate improved contrast for sections measured in paraffin with water. Automated segmentation is applied to the complex refractive index data to generate clustered terahertz images distinguishing cancer from healthy tissues. The degree of classification of pixels is then evaluated using registered visible microscope images. Principal component analysis and propagation simulations are employed to investigate the origin and the gain of image contrast.

In Vivo High-Frequency Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of Choroidal Melanoma in Rabbits: Imaging Features and Histopathologic Correlations

PubMed Central

Kang, Shin J.; Zhang, Qing; Patel, Samirkumar R.; Berezovsky, Damian; Yang, Hua; Wang, Yanggan; Grossniklaus, Hans E.

2013-01-01

Purpose To evaluate the utility of in vivo imaging of rabbit model of choroidal melanoma utilizing high-frequency contrast-enhanced ultrasound (HF-CE-US) with 2-or 3-dimensional modes, and to correlate the sonographic findings with histopathologic characteristics. Methods Five New Zealand white rabbits which were immunosuppressed with daily cyclosporin A were inoculated into their right eyes with aliquots of 1.5×106 / 50 µL of 92.1 human uveal melanoma cells cultured in RPMI. At week 4, the tumor-bearing eyes were imaged using high-frequency ultrasound with microbubble contrast agent to determine the 2-dimensional tumor size and relative blood volume and by 3-dimensional mode to determine tumor volume. Histologic tumor burden was quantified in enucleated eyes by ImageJ software, and microvascular density (MVD) was determined by counting vascular channels in PAS without hematoxylin sections. Results Utilizing HF-CE-US, melanomas were visualized as relatively hyperechoic regions in the images. The correlation coefficients of sonographic size or volume compared with histologic area were 0.72 and 0.70, respectively. The sonographic tumor relative blood volume correlated with the histologic tumor vascularity (R2=0.92, P=0.04) Conclusions There is a positive correlation between in vivo sonographic tumor volume/size and histologic tumor size in our rabbit choroidal melanoma model. HF-CE-US corresponds to microvascular density and blood volume. PMID:23645822

Chronic Liver Diseases in Children: Clinical Profile and Histology.

PubMed

Dhole, Sachin Devidas; Kher, Archana S; Ghildiyal, Radha G; Tambse, Manjusha P

2015-07-01

The main aim of the study is to study the clinical profile of disorders of the liver and hepatobiliary system in paediatric patients and to correlate the histopathology findings of liver biopsy in chronic liver disease. Another aim being to assess the prognosis and to know the outcome and the effects of treatment in chronic liver diseases in paediatric age group. It was a prospective study, included the clinical profile of Chronic Liver Diseases (CLD) in children and the histopathological correlation. A total of 55 children were thoroughly investigated by doing relevant investigations and liver biopsy. A male predominance (60%) was noted with maximum incidence in the age group of 6-12 years. The incidence of CLD was 1.1% of total admissions. The most common presenting complaint was jaundice and abdominal distension. Hepatic encephalopathy was noted in 29% patients. Hepatomegaly was seen in 63% patients and spleenomegaly was seen in 60% patients. The incidence of cirrhosis on liver biopsy was 42% (23cases) in CLD patients. The most common diagnosis on histopathology was Wilson's disease (22%), followed by hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis. The predominant spectrum of CLD was metabolic liver disease and also the predominant cause of death. As the incidence of CLD is quite low, a very high index of suspicion is required for its diagnosis. Some uncommon causes of CLD in children were seen in our study like neutral lipid storage disease, α1-Antitrypsin deficiency disease, lupus hepatitis, Alagille syndrome and Budd-Chiari syndrome. A patient of CLD with jaundice and hepatomegaly should be treated aggressively as those are the poor prognostic indicators of the disease. Hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhosis are also associated with poor outcome in patients with CLD. Liver biopsy histopathology by an expert and its correlation with laboratory investigations plays an important role in the diagnosis of CLD. The major cause of deaths in patients with CLD is due to end stage liver disease and fulminant hepatic failure and the only way to prevent and treat these patients is by liver transplantation.

Acute liver allograft antibody-mediated rejection: an inter-institutional study of significant histopathological features.

PubMed

O'Leary, Jacqueline G; Michelle Shiller, S; Bellamy, Christopher; Nalesnik, Michael A; Kaneku, Hugo; Jennings, Linda W; Isse, Kumiko; Terasaki, Paul I; Klintmalm, Göran B; Demetris, Anthony J

2014-10-01

Acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occurs in a small minority of sensitized liver transplant recipients. Although histopathological characteristics have been described, specific features that could be used (1) to make a generalizable scoring system and (2) to trigger a more in-depth analysis are needed to screen for this rare but important finding. Toward this goal, we created training and validation cohorts of putative acute AMR and control cases from 3 high-volume liver transplant programs; these cases were evaluated blindly by 4 independent transplant pathologists. Evaluations of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections were performed alone without knowledge of either serum donor-specific human leukocyte antigen alloantibody (DSA) results or complement component 4d (C4d) stains. Routine histopathological features that strongly correlated with severe acute AMR included portal eosinophilia, portal vein endothelial cell hypertrophy, eosinophilic central venulitis, central venulitis severity, and cholestasis. Acute AMR inversely correlated with lymphocytic venulitis and lymphocytic portal inflammation. These and other characteristics were incorporated into models created from the training cohort alone. The final acute antibody-mediated rejection score (aAMR score)--the sum of portal vein endothelial cell hypertrophy, portal eosinophilia, and eosinophilic venulitis divided by the sum of lymphocytic portal inflammation and lymphocytic venulitis--exhibited a strong correlation with severe acute AMR in the training cohort [odds ratio (OR) = 2.86, P < 0.001] and the validation cohort (OR = 2.49, P < 0.001). SPSS tree classification was used to select 2 cutoffs: one that optimized specificity at a score > 1.75 (sensitivity = 34%, specificity = 86%) and another that optimized sensitivity at a score > 1.0 (sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 71%). In conclusion, the routine histopathological features of the aAMR score can be used to screen patients for acute AMR via routine H&E staining of indication liver transplant biopsy samples; however, a definitive diagnosis requires substantiation by DSA testing, diffuse C4d staining, and the exclusion of other insults. © 2014 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

The diagnostic value and histologic correlate of distinct patterns of shiny white streaks for the diagnosis of melanoma: A retrospective, case-control study.

PubMed

Verzi, Anna Eliza; Quan, Victor L; Walton, Kara E; Martini, Mary C; Marghoob, Ashfaq A; Garfield, Erin M; Kong, Betty Y; Isales, Maria Cristina; VandenBoom, Timothy; Zhang, Bin; West, Dennis P; Gerami, Pedram

2018-05-01

Shiny white streaks (SWSs) are best visualized with polarized dermoscopy and correlate with dermal fibroplasia histopathologically. SWSs have been described at higher frequencies in melanomas than in benign nevi. We assessed the diagnostic value of different patterns of SWSs and their histologic correlate in melanocytic lesions. Polarized dermoscopic images of 1507 histopathologically diagnosed melanocytic neoplasms were analyzed for presence and pattern of SWSs. Histology was also reviewed for correlation. Among 1507 melanocytic neoplasms, SWSs were observed in 31 of 144 melanomas (22%) and 22 of 1363 benign neoplasms (1.6%) (P < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of SWSs for melanoma were 22% and 98%, respectively. Diffuse SWSs exhibited the greatest diagnostic value for melanoma, with sensitivity of 11.8% and specificity of 99.5%. Focal central and peripheral SWSs were comparable in diagnostic significance. The presence of SWSs was highly uncommon in dysplastic nevi, whereas in certain benign subgroups of nevi such as Spitz nevi and atypical genital special site nevi, SWSs were not uncommon. Diffuse SWSs correlated with greater breadth of deep fibroplasia than focal SWSs (P = .009), and SWSs correlated with greater Breslow depth among melanomas (P = .007). This study was retrospective. Polarized dermoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool in the identification of SWSs, a feature that is highly specific for melanoma. Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Fluorescence Is a Powerful Intraoperative Marker for Precise Histopathological Grading of Gliomas with Non-Significant Contrast-Enhancement

PubMed Central

Widhalm, Georg; Kiesel, Barbara; Woehrer, Adelheid; Traub-Weidinger, Tatjana; Preusser, Matthias; Marosi, Christine; Prayer, Daniela; Hainfellner, Johannes A.; Knosp, Engelbert; Wolfsberger, Stefan

2013-01-01

Background Intraoperative identification of anaplastic foci in diffusely infiltrating gliomas (DIG) with non-significant contrast-enhancement on MRI is indispensible to avoid histopathological undergrading and subsequent treatment failure. Recently, we found that 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence can visualize areas with increased proliferative and metabolic activity in such gliomas intraoperatively. As treatment of DIG is predominantely based on histopathological World Health Organisation (WHO) parameters, we analyzed whether PpIX fluorescence can detect anaplastic foci according to these criteria. Methods We prospectively included DIG patients with non-significant contrast-enhancement that received 5-ALA prior to resection. Intraoperatively, multiple samples from PpIX positive and negative intratumoral areas were collected using a modified neurosurgical microscope. In all samples, histopathological WHO criteria and proliferation rate were assessed and correlated to the PpIX fluorescence status. Results A total of 215 tumor specimens were collected in 59 patients. Of 26 WHO grade III gliomas, 23 cases (85%) showed focal PpIX fluorescence, whereas 29 (91%) of 33 WHO grade II gliomas were PpIX negative. In intratumoral areas with focal PpIX fluorescence, mitotic rate, cell density, nuclear pleomorphism, and proliferation rate were significantly higher than in non-fluorescing areas. The positive predictive value of focal PpIX fluorescence for WHO grade III histology was 85%. Conclusions Our study indicates that 5-ALA induced PpIX fluorescence is a powerful marker for intraoperative identification of anaplastic foci according to the histopathological WHO criteria in DIG with non-significant contrast-enhancement. Therefore, application of 5-ALA optimizes tissue sampling for precise histopathological diagnosis independent of brain-shift. PMID:24204718

Histopathologic Grading of Anaplasia in Retinoblastoma

PubMed Central

Mendoza, Pia R.; Specht, Charles S.; Hubbard, G. Baker; Wells, Jill R.; Lynn, Michael J.; Zhang, Qing; Kong, Jun; Grossniklaus, Hans E.

2014-01-01

Purpose To determine whether the degree of tumor anaplasia has prognostic value by evaluating its correlation with high-risk histopathologic features and clinical outcomes in a series of retinoblastoma patients. Design Retrospective clinicopathologic study. Methods The clinical and pathologic findings in 266 patients who underwent primary enucleation for retinoblastoma were reviewed. The histologic degree of anaplasia was graded as retinocytoma, mild, moderate, or severe as defined by increasing cellular pleomorphism, number of mitoses, nuclear size, and nuclear hyperchromatism. Nuclear morphometric characteristics were measured. The clinical and pathologic data of 125 patients were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival. Fisher's exact test and multivariate regression were used to analyze the association between anaplasia grade and high-risk histologic features. Results Increasing grade of anaplasia was associated with decreased overall survival (p=0.003) and increased risk of metastasis (p=0.0007). Histopathologic features that were associated with anaplasia included optic nerve invasion (p<0.0001), choroidal invasion (p=<0.0001), and anterior segment invasion (p=0.04). Multivariate analysis considering high-risk histopathology and anaplasia grading as predictors of distant metastasis and death showed that high-risk histopathology was statistically significant as an independent predictor (p=0.01 for metastasis, p=0.03 for death) but anaplasia was not (p=0.63 for metastasis, p=0.30 for death). In the absence of high-risk features, however, severe anaplasia identified an additional risk for metastasis (p=0.0004) and death (p=0.01). Conclusion Grading of anaplasia may be a useful adjunct to standard histopathologic criteria in identifying retinoblastoma patients who do not have high-risk histologic features but still have an increased risk of metastasis and may need adjuvant therapy. PMID:25528954

5-Aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence is a powerful intraoperative marker for precise histopathological grading of gliomas with non-significant contrast-enhancement.

PubMed

Widhalm, Georg; Kiesel, Barbara; Woehrer, Adelheid; Traub-Weidinger, Tatjana; Preusser, Matthias; Marosi, Christine; Prayer, Daniela; Hainfellner, Johannes A; Knosp, Engelbert; Wolfsberger, Stefan

2013-01-01

Intraoperative identification of anaplastic foci in diffusely infiltrating gliomas (DIG) with non-significant contrast-enhancement on MRI is indispensible to avoid histopathological undergrading and subsequent treatment failure. Recently, we found that 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence can visualize areas with increased proliferative and metabolic activity in such gliomas intraoperatively. As treatment of DIG is predominantely based on histopathological World Health Organisation (WHO) parameters, we analyzed whether PpIX fluorescence can detect anaplastic foci according to these criteria. We prospectively included DIG patients with non-significant contrast-enhancement that received 5-ALA prior to resection. Intraoperatively, multiple samples from PpIX positive and negative intratumoral areas were collected using a modified neurosurgical microscope. In all samples, histopathological WHO criteria and proliferation rate were assessed and correlated to the PpIX fluorescence status. A total of 215 tumor specimens were collected in 59 patients. Of 26 WHO grade III gliomas, 23 cases (85%) showed focal PpIX fluorescence, whereas 29 (91%) of 33 WHO grade II gliomas were PpIX negative. In intratumoral areas with focal PpIX fluorescence, mitotic rate, cell density, nuclear pleomorphism, and proliferation rate were significantly higher than in non-fluorescing areas. The positive predictive value of focal PpIX fluorescence for WHO grade III histology was 85%. Our study indicates that 5-ALA induced PpIX fluorescence is a powerful marker for intraoperative identification of anaplastic foci according to the histopathological WHO criteria in DIG with non-significant contrast-enhancement. Therefore, application of 5-ALA optimizes tissue sampling for precise histopathological diagnosis independent of brain-shift.

Reevaluating cathepsin D as a biomarker for breast cancer: serum activity levels versus histopathology.

PubMed

Abbott, Daniel E; Margaryan, Naira V; Jeruss, Jacqueline S; Khan, Seema; Kaklamani, Virginia; Winchester, David J; Hansen, Nora; Rademaker, Alfred; Khalkhali-Ellis, Zhila; Hendrix, Mary J C

2010-01-01

Cathepsin D is a lysosomal hydrolase involved in intra- and extracellular proteolysis. This enzyme is aberrantly produced and processed in malignancy, and most notably is over-secreted into the tumor cell microenvironment. This hyper-secretion may lead to excessive degradation of the extracellular matrix, and contribute to tumor progression and metastases. These phenomena have been established in vitro, and there is evidence that Cathepsin D is similarly dysregulated in human breast cancer patients. Because breast cancer lacks an effective screening or surveillance biomarker, here we address the hypothesis that serum Cathepsin D activity may be useful to assess the presence or progression of breast cancer in females. While representative histologic sections from various disease-specific cohorts confirm previous findings that increased Cathepsin D production and secretion correlate with tumor progression, we report no difference in serum Cathepsin D activity between patients who are disease free, patients with pre-invasive or limited invasive disease, and patients with metastatic disease. Furthermore, in patients with known metastatic disease, there were no clinical variables associated with significantly different serum Cathepsin D activity. However, the immunohistochemical localization of Cathepsin D expression in histopathologic sections from breast cancer patients correlates with disease progression. Based on the serum results, and in contradistinction to Cathepsin D localization in breast cancer tissues, our findings support using Cathepsin D as a reliable histopathology biomarker for disease progression, but not for serum screening.

Diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid gland lesions: A study of 200 cases in Himalayan belt.

PubMed

Sharma, Reetika; Verma, Neelam; Kaushal, Vijay; Sharma, Dev Raj; Sharma, Dhruv

2017-01-01

The study is undertaken to correlate the fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings with histopathology in a spectrum of thyroid lesions and to find the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) so that unnecessary thyroidectomies can be avoided in benign lesions. This study was carried out over the period of 1-year (May 1, 2012-April, 30 2013). FNA specimens obtained from 200 patients were analyzed. Of these, only 40 patients underwent surgery and their thyroid specimens were subjected to histopathological examination. The age of the patients ranged from 9 to 82 years with mean age being 43 years. There was female preponderance, with male to female ratio being 1:7. On cytology out of 200 cases, 148 (74%) were benign, 25 (12.5%) were malignant, 16 (8%) were indeterminate, and 11 (5.5%) were nondiagnostic. Only 40 patients underwent surgery. On histopathology, 21 (52.5%) cases were benign and 19 (47.5%) were malignant. The statistical analysis of cytohistological correlation for both benign and malignant lesions revealed sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 84%, 100% and 90%, respectively. FNAC is a minimally invasive, highly accurate and cost-effective procedure for the assessment of patients with thyroid lesions and has high -sensitivity and specificity. It acts as a good screening test and avoids unnecessary thyroidectomies.

Use of shear wave elastography to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions

PubMed Central

Olgun, Deniz Çebi; Korkmazer, Bora; Kılıç, Fahrettin; Dikici, Atilla Süleyman; Velidedeoğlu, Mehmet; Aydoğan, Fatih; Kantarcı, Fatih; Yılmaz, Mehmet Halit

2014-01-01

PURPOSE We aimed to determine the correlations between the elasticity values of solid breast masses and histopathological findings to define cutoff elasticity values differentiating malignant from benign lesions. MATERIALS and METHODS A total of 115 solid breast lesions of 109 consecutive patients were evaluated prospectively using shear wave elastography (SWE). Two orthogonal elastographic images of each lesion were obtained. Minimum, mean, and maximum elasticity values were calculated in regions of interest placed over the stiffest areas on the two images; we also calculated mass/fat elasticity ratios. Correlation of elastographic measurements with histopathological results were studied. RESULTS Eighty-three benign and thirty-two malignant lesions were histopathologically diagnosed. The minimum, mean, and maximum elasticity values, and the mass/fat elasticity ratios of malignant lesions, were significantly higher than those of benign lesions. The cutoff value was 45.7 kPa for mean elasticity (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 95%), 54.3 kPa for maximum elasticity (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 94%), 37.1 kPa for minimum elasticity (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 95%), and 4.6 for the mass/fat elasticity ratio (sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 95%). CONCLUSION SWE yields additional valuable quantitative data to ultrasonographic examination on solid breast lesions. SWE may serve as a complementary tool for diagnosis of breast lesions. Long-term clinical studies are required to accurately select lesions requiring biopsy. PMID:24509183

[Prostate histopathology of NIH category IV prostatitis detected by sextant prostate needle biopsy from the patients with high prostatic specific antigen].

PubMed

Shimomura, Tatsuya; Kiyota, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Hiroyuki; Madarame, Jun; Kimura, Takahiro; Onodera, Shouichi

2003-08-01

Asymptomatic prostatitis is classified as category IV in NIH classification of prostatitis syndrome (1999). No report concerning this category has been present. We investigated this category histopathologically and clinically, in order to clarify the histopathological distribution and its correlation to the clinical features, in this study. Among 785 patients who were suspected prostate cancer because of their high prostatic specific antigen (PSA) values and to have a sextant prostate needle biopsy was performed between January, 1996 and December, 2000, 88 patients (11.2%) were diagnosed as NIH category IV prostatitis (asymptomatic prostatitis). We observed all pathological specimens stained with Hematoxylin-Eosine, and classified them into subtypes according to the classification criteria for prostatitis defined by True et al. (1999). We also investigated the relationship between histopathological distribution and clinical features such as PSA values, PSA density, the incidence of pyuria or bacteriuria. In the histopathological study, grade distributions were 12.5% (11/88) in mild, 71.6% (63/88) in moderate, and 15.9% (14/88) in severe. Location distributions were 2.3% (2/88) in glandular, 68.2% (60/88) in periglandular, and 29.5% (26/88) in stromal. No relationship between these subtypes and clinical features was recognized statistically. However, 7 patients (7.95%) were diagnosed as prostate cancers, later. Pyuria was found in 29.1% (23/79). Bacteriuria was present in 14.3% (11/77). Isolated bacteria were 4 strains of Enterococcus faccalis, 2 strains of each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and one strain of each of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Gram positive rod, and Candida sp. No relationship between these subtypes and bacterial species was recognized. These results indicated that the incidence of NIII category IV prostatits was not low without correlation to any clinical features. However, we should pay attention to the presence of prostate cancer, because a small number of the patients were diagnosed as prostate cancer, later.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided core needle breast biopsies resulting in high-risk histopathologic findings: upstage frequency and lesion characteristics.

PubMed

Weinfurtner, R Jared; Patel, Bhavika; Laronga, Christine; Lee, Marie C; Falcon, Shannon L; Mooney, Blaise P; Yue, Binglin; Drukteinis, Jennifer S

2015-06-01

Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging-guided breast biopsies yielding high-risk histopathologic features at a single institution found an overall upstage rate to malignancy of 14% at surgical excision. All upstaged lesions were associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia. Flat epithelial atypia and atypical lobular hyperplasia alone or with lobular carcinoma in situ were not associated with an upstage to malignancy. The purpose of the present study w as to determine the malignancy upstage rates and imaging features of high-risk histopathologic findings resulting from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided core needle breast biopsies. These features include atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), flat epithelial atypia (FEA), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). A retrospective medical record review was performed on all MRI-guided core needle breast biopsies at a single institution from June 1, 2007 to December 1, 2013 to select biopsies yielding high-risk histopathologic findings. The patient demographics, MRI lesion characteristics, and histopathologic features at biopsy and surgical excision were analyzed. A total of 257 MRI-guided biopsies had been performed, and 50 yielded high-risk histopathologic features (19%). Biopsy site and surgical excision site correlation was confirmed in 29 of 50 cases. Four of 29 lesions (14%) were upstaged: 1 case to invasive ductal carcinoma and 3 cases to ductal carcinoma in situ. ADH alone had an overall upstage rate of 7% (1 of 14), mixed ADH/ALH a rate of 75% (3 of 4), ALH alone or with LCIS a rate of 0% (0 of 7), and FEA a rate of 0% (0 of 4). Only mixed ADH/ALH had a statistically significant upstage rate to malignancy compared with the other high-risk histopathologic subtypes combined. No specific imaging characteristics on MRI were associated with an upstage to malignancy on the statistical analysis. MRI-guided breast biopsies yielding high-risk histopathologic features were associated with an overall upstage to malignancy rate of 14% at surgical excision. All upstaged lesions were associated with ADH. FEA and ALH alone or with LCIS were not associated with an upstage to malignancy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of a Reference Image Collection Library for Histopathology Image Processing, Analysis and Decision Support Systems Research.

PubMed

Kostopoulos, Spiros; Ravazoula, Panagiota; Asvestas, Pantelis; Kalatzis, Ioannis; Xenogiannopoulos, George; Cavouras, Dionisis; Glotsos, Dimitris

2017-06-01

Histopathology image processing, analysis and computer-aided diagnosis have been shown as effective assisting tools towards reliable and intra-/inter-observer invariant decisions in traditional pathology. Especially for cancer patients, decisions need to be as accurate as possible in order to increase the probability of optimal treatment planning. In this study, we propose a new image collection library (HICL-Histology Image Collection Library) comprising 3831 histological images of three different diseases, for fostering research in histopathology image processing, analysis and computer-aided diagnosis. Raw data comprised 93, 116 and 55 cases of brain, breast and laryngeal cancer respectively collected from the archives of the University Hospital of Patras, Greece. The 3831 images were generated from the most representative regions of the pathology, specified by an experienced histopathologist. The HICL Image Collection is free for access under an academic license at http://medisp.bme.teiath.gr/hicl/ . Potential exploitations of the proposed library may span over a board spectrum, such as in image processing to improve visualization, in segmentation for nuclei detection, in decision support systems for second opinion consultations, in statistical analysis for investigation of potential correlations between clinical annotations and imaging findings and, generally, in fostering research on histopathology image processing and analysis. To the best of our knowledge, the HICL constitutes the first attempt towards creation of a reference image collection library in the field of traditional histopathology, publicly and freely available to the scientific community.

Fast evaluation of 69 basal cell carcinomas with ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy: criteria description, histopathological correlation, and interobserver agreement.

PubMed

Bennàssar, Antoni; Carrera, Cristina; Puig, Susana; Vilalta, Antoni; Malvehy, Josep

2013-07-01

Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) represents a first step toward a rapid "bedside pathology" in the Mohs surgery setting and in other fields of general pathology. To describe and validate FCM criteria for the main basal cell carcinoma (BCC) subtypes and to demonstrate the overall agreement with classic pathologic analysis of hematoxylin-eosin-stained samples. DESIGN A total of 69 BCCs from 66 patients were prospectively imaged using ex vivo FCM. Confocal mosaics were evaluated in real time and compared with classic pathologic analysis. Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, between November 2010 and July 2011. Patients with BCC attending the Mohs Surgery Unit. Presence or absence of BCC and histological subtype (superficial, nodular, and infiltrating) in the confocal mosaics. Eight criteria for BCC were described, evaluated, and validated. Although there were minor differences among BCC subtypes, the most BCC-defining criteria were peripheral palisading, clefting, nuclear pleomorphism, and presence of stroma. These criteria were validated with independent observers (κ values >0.7 [corrected] for most criteria). We herein propose, describe, and validate FCM criteria for BCC diagnosis. Fluorescence confocal microscopy is an attractive alternative to histopathologic analysis of frozen sections during Mohs surgery because large areas of freshly excised tissue can be assessed in real time without the need for tissue processing while minimizing labor and costs.

Pathogenesis of spring viremia of carp virus in emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque and white sucker Catostomus commersonii (Lacepede).

PubMed

Misk, E; Garver, K; Nagy, E; Isaac, S; Tubbs, L; Huber, P; Al-Hussinee, L; Lumsden, J S

2016-06-01

Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is a reportable disease to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) as it is known to cause significant international economic impact. In Canada, the first and only isolation of SVC virus (SVCV) was in 2006, from common carp Cyprinus carpio L., at Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario. The susceptibility of fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque and white sucker Catostomus commersonii (Lacepede) to intraperitoneal injection of the Canadian isolate (HHOcarp06) was evaluated using experimental infection, virus isolation, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Emerald shiner and fathead minnow were most susceptible with 43 and 53% cumulative mortality, respectively, compared with koi at 33%. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that koi had high viral loads throughout the experiment. At 34 days post-infection, SVCV was detected from sampled emerald shiner and white sucker in very low titre and was not detected from fathead minnow. Koi, fathead minnow and emerald shiner had gross lesions typical of SVC disease. The histopathological picture was mostly dominated by necrotic changes in kidney, spleen, liver, pancreas and intestine. IHC further confirmed SVCV infection, and staining was largely correlated with histological lesions. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Transverse Colectomy is as Safe as an Extended Right or Left Colectomy for Mid-Transverse Colon Cancer.

PubMed

Leijssen, Lieve G J; Dinaux, Anne M; Amri, Ramzi; Kunitake, Hiroko; Bordeianou, Liliana G; Berger, David L

2018-03-19

Although extended colectomy is often chosen for patients with transverse colon cancer, the optimal surgical approach for mid-transverse colon cancer has not been established. We identified patients who underwent a transverse (TC) or an extended colectomy (EC) for mid-transverse colon cancer between 2004 and 2014. To adjust for potential selection bias between the groups, a propensity score matching analysis was performed. A total of 103 patients were included, of whom 63% underwent EC (right 47%, left 17%) and 37% TC. EC patients tend to have worse short-term outcomes. Although fewer lymph nodes were harvested after TC, 5-year overall (OS) ad disease-free survival (DFS) was comparable between the groups. When comparing long-term outcomes stage-by-stage, worse OS and DFS were seen in stage-II. All stage-II patients died of a non-cancer-related cause and recurrence occurred in pT4 TC patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy. The propensity-matched cohort demonstrated similar postoperative morbidity, but more laparoscopic procedures in EC. Additionally, TC tumors were correlated with poorer histopathological features and disease recurrence was only seen after TC. Our study underlines the oncological safety of a transverse colectomy for mid-transverse colon cancer. Although TC tumors were associated with poorer histopathological features, survival rates were comparable.

Tumor Infiltration in Enhancing and Non-Enhancing Parts of Glioblastoma: A Correlation with Histopathology.

PubMed

Eidel, Oliver; Burth, Sina; Neumann, Jan-Oliver; Kieslich, Pascal J; Sahm, Felix; Jungk, Christine; Kickingereder, Philipp; Bickelhaupt, Sebastian; Mundiyanapurath, Sibu; Bäumer, Philipp; Wick, Wolfgang; Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter; Kiening, Karl; Unterberg, Andreas; Bendszus, Martin; Radbruch, Alexander

2017-01-01

To correlate histopathologic findings from biopsy specimens with their corresponding location within enhancing areas, non-enhancing areas and necrotic areas on contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI scans (cT1). In 37 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma who underwent stereotactic biopsy, we obtained a correlation of 561 1mm3 biopsy specimens with their corresponding position on the intraoperative cT1 image at 1.5 Tesla. Biopsy points were categorized as enhancing (CE), non-enhancing (NE) or necrotic (NEC) on cT1 and tissue samples were categorized as "viable tumor cells", "blood" or "necrotic tissue (with or without cellular component)". Cell counting was done semi-automatically. NE had the highest content of tissue categorized as viable tumor cells (89% vs. 60% in CE and 30% NEC, respectively). Besides, the average cell density for NE (3764 ± 2893 cells/mm2) was comparable to CE (3506 ± 3116 cells/mm2), while NEC had a lower cell density with 2713 ± 3239 cells/mm2. If necrotic parts and bleeds were excluded, cell density in biopsies categorized as "viable tumor tissue" decreased from the center of the tumor (NEC, 5804 ± 3480 cells/mm2) to CE (4495 ± 3209 cells/mm2) and NE (4130 ± 2817 cells/mm2). The appearance of a glioblastoma on a cT1 image (circular enhancement, central necrosis, peritumoral edema) does not correspond to its diffuse histopathological composition. Cell density is elevated in both CE and NE parts. Hence, our study suggests that NE contains considerable amounts of infiltrative tumor with a high cellularity which might be considered in resection planning.

Development of a Comprehensive Osteochondral Allograft MRI Scoring System (OCAMRISS) With Histopathologic, Micro–Computed Tomography, and Biomechanical Validation

PubMed Central

Pallante-Kichura, Andrea L.; Bae, Won C.; Du, Jiang; Statum, Sheronda; Wolfson, Tanya; Gamst, Anthony C.; Cory, Esther; Amiel, David; Bugbee, William D.; Sah, Robert L.; Chung, Christine B.

2014-01-01

Objective: To describe and apply a semiquantitative MRI scoring system for multifeature analysis of cartilage defect repair in the knee by osteochondral allografts and to correlate this scoring system with histopathologic, micro–computed tomography (µCT), and biomechanical reference standards using a goat repair model. Design: Fourteen adult goats had 2 osteochondral allografts implanted into each knee: one in the medial femoral condyle and one in the lateral trochlea. At 12 months, goats were euthanized and MRI was performed. Two blinded radiologists independently rated 9 primary features for each graft, including cartilage signal, fill, edge integration, surface congruity, calcified cartilage integrity, subchondral bone plate congruity, subchondral bone marrow signal, osseous integration, and presence of cystic changes. Four ancillary features of the joint were also evaluated, including opposing cartilage, meniscal tears, synovitis, and fat-pad scarring. Comparison was made with histologic and µCT reference standards as well as biomechanical measures. Interobserver agreement and agreement with reference standards was assessed. Cohen’s κ, Spearman’s correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used as appropriate. Results: There was substantial agreement (κ > 0.6, P < 0.001) for each MRI feature and with comparison against reference standards, except for cartilage edge integration (κ = 0.6). There was a strong positive correlation between MRI and reference standard scores (ρ = 0.86, P < 0.01). Osteochondral allograft MRI scoring system was sensitive to differences in outcomes between the types of allografts. Conclusions: We have described a comprehensive MRI scoring system for osteochondral allografts and have validated this scoring system with histopathologic and µCT reference standards as well as biomechanical indentation testing. PMID:24489999

The diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography needs to be considered when managing gallbladder polyps.

PubMed

French, Daniel G; Allen, Philippe D; Ellsmere, James C

2013-11-01

Transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) is the most commonly used modality to diagnose gallbladder (GB) disease. GB polyps are reported in 1-5.6 % of TAUS studies. Histopathologic studies suggest that there is a relationship between GB polyps and GB cancer. Previous literature suggests GB polyps reported on TAUS do not correlate well with histological findings. There have been recent advances in TAUS technology. We hypothesize the recent advances in TAUS technology have improved the accuracy of TAUS for diagnosing GB polyps. Radiology and pathology databases at our tertiary care center were retrospectively searched between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010. Ultrasound reports that suggested a GB polyp was present on TAUS were correlated to histopathology in cases where a cholecystectomy was performed. The pathology reports where a GB polyp was found were correlated with preoperative TAUS reports. There were 102,740 TAUS reports referring to the GB, of which 6,612 (6.4 %) contained search terms suggesting a GB polyp was present. There were 13,278 cholecystectomy pathology reports, of which 159 (1.2 %) included a diagnosis of GB polyp. TAUS detected only 50 % of the polyps identified on histopathology. The sensitivity and specificity of TAUS for diagnosing GB polyps were 50.0 and 98.3 %, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 10.5 and 99.8 %. Despite improvement in TAUS technology, the accuracy for GB polyps remains poor. This needs to be considered when managing patients with TAUS-detected GB polyps. We recommend that the decision to operate on TAUS-detected GB polyps be largely based on symptoms, and following GB polyps with TAUS should be discouraged.

Urinary and faecal N-methylhistamine concentrations do not serve as markers for mast cell activation or clinical disease activity in dogs with chronic enteropathies.

PubMed

Anfinsen, Kristin P; Berghoff, Nora; Priestnall, Simon L; Suchodolski, Jan S; Steiner, Jörg M; Allenspach, Karin

2014-12-21

This study sought to correlate faecal and urinary N-methylhistamine (NMH) concentrations with resting versus degranulated duodenal mast cell numbers in dogs with chronic enteropathies (CE), and investigate correlations between intestinal mast cell activation and clinical severity of disease as assessed by canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI), and between urinary and faecal NMH concentrations, mast cell numbers, and histopathological scores. Twenty-eight dogs with CE were included. Duodenal biopsies were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), toluidine blue, and by immunohistochemical labelling for tryptase. Duodenal biopsies were assigned a histopathological severity score, and duodenal mast cell numbers were counted in five high-power fields after metachromatic and immunohistochemical staining. Faecal and urinary NMH concentrations were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. There was no correlation between the CCECAI and faecal or urinary NMH concentrations, mast cell numbers, or histopathological score - or between faecal or urinary NMH concentration and mast cell numbers. Post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in toluidine blue positive mast cells between two treatment groups (exclusion diet with/without metronidazole versus immunosuppression (IS)), with higher numbers among dogs not requiring IS. Faecal and urinary NMH concentrations and duodenal mast cell numbers were not useful indicators of severity of disease as assessed by the CCECAI or histological evaluation. The number of duodenal mast cells was higher in dogs that did not need IS, i.e. in dogs responding to an exclusion diet (with/without metronidazole), than in dogs requiring IS. Further studies comparing the role of mast cells in dogs with different forms of CE are needed.

Dose- and time-dependent effects of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and histopathological data over a period of 90 days.

PubMed

Shara, Michael; Ohia, Sunny E; Yasmin, Taharat; Zardetto-Smith, Andrea; Kincaid, Anthony; Bagchi, Manashi; Chatterjee, Archana; Bagchi, Debasis; Stohs, Sidney J

2003-12-01

(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), a natural extract from the dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia (family Guttiferae), is a popular supplement for weight management. The dried fruit rind has been used for centuries as a condiment in Southeastern Asia to make food more filling and satisfying. A significant number of studies highlight the efficacy of Super CitriMax (HCA-SX, a novel 60% calcium-potassium salt of HCA derived from Garcinia cambogia) in weight management. These studies also demonstrate that HCA-SX promotes fat oxidation, inhibits ATP-citrate lyase (a building block for fat synthesis), and lowers the level of leptin in obese subjects. Acute oral, acute dermal, primary dermal irritation and primary eye irritation toxicity studies have demonstrated the safety of HCA-SX. However, no long-term safety of HCA-SX or any other (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract has been previously assessed. In this study, we have evaluated the dose- and time-dependent effects of HCA-SX in Sprague-Dawley rats on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, liver and testis weight, expressed as such and as a % of body weight and brain weight, and histopathological changes over a period of 90 days. The animals were treated with 0, 0.2, 2.0 and 5.0% HCA-SX as feed intake and the animals were sacrificed on 30, 60 or 90 days of treatment. The feed and water intake were assessed and correlated with the reduction in body weight. HCA-SX supplementation demonstrated a reduction in body weight in both male and female rats over a period of 90 days as compared to the corresponding control animals. An advancing age-induced marginal increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed in both male and female rats as compared to the corresponding control animals. However, no such difference in hepatic DNA fragmentation and testicular lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation was observed. Furthermore, liver and testis weight, expressed as such and as a percentage of body weight and brain weight, at 30, 60 and 90 days of treatment, exhibited no significant difference between the four groups. Taken together, these results indicate that treatment of HCA-SX over a period of 90 days results in a reduction in body weight, but did not cause any changes in hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, or histopathological changes.

Biologically distinct subsets of nevi

PubMed Central

ROGERS, Tova; MARINO, Maria L.; RACITI, Patricia; JAIN, Manu; BUSAM, Klaus J.; MARCHETTI, Michael A.; MARGHOOB, Ashfaq A.

2017-01-01

Melanocytic nevi (MN) encompass a range of benign tumors with varying microscopic and macroscopic features. Their development is a multifactorial process under genetic and environmental influences. The clinical importance of MN lies in distinguishing them from melanoma and in recognizing their associations with melanoma risk and cancer syndromes. Historically, the distinction between the different types of MN, as well as between MN and melanoma, was based on clinical history, gross morphology, and histopathological features. While histopathology with clinical correlation remains the gold standard for differentiating and diagnosing melanocytic lesions, in some cases, this may not be possible. The use of dermoscopy has allowed for the assessment of subsurface skin structures and has contributed to the clinical evaluation and classification of MN. Genetic profiling, while still in its early stages, has the greatest potential to refine the classification of MN by clarifying their developmental processes, biological behaviors, and relationships to melanoma. Here we review the most salient clinical, dermoscopic, histopathological, and genetic features of different MN subgroups. PMID:27119653

Histopathology of cutaneous sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro: a series of 119 consecutive cases.

PubMed

Quintella, Leonardo Pereira; Passos, Sonia Regina Lambert; do Vale, Antônio Carlos Francesconi; Galhardo, Maria Clara Gutierrez; Barros, Monica Bastos De Lima; Cuzzi, Tullia; Reis, Rosani Dos Santos; de Carvalho, Maria Helena Galdino Figueiredo; Zappa, Mônica Barbato; Schubach, Armando De Oliveira

2011-01-01

Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis in Rio de Janeiro. Histopathological examination reveals diffuse granulomatous and suppurative dermatitis, and the fungus is rarely identifiable in tissue. We describe the histopathological features of cutaneous sporotrichosis, and investigate the association between them and the lack of visualization of the fungus. A total of 119 samples of confirmed sporotrichosis cases were studied. The characteristics of the inflammatory infiltrate, the presence of epidermal changes, necrosis and fibrosis, and the parasite burden were analyzed. The association between histopathological changes and the lack of visualization of the fungus was evaluated using prevalence ratios. Granulomas were observed in all samples, suppurative granulomas in 100 (84%) and diffuse dermatitis in 114 (95.8%). Liquefaction and caseous necrosis were present in 78 (65.5%) and 52 (43.7%) samples, respectively. The fungus was not seen in 77 (64.7%) samples. Epithelioid, tuberculoid or foreign-body-type granulomas, caseous, fibrinoid or absent necrosis, predominance of lymphocytes among nonphagocytic cells and fibrosis were associated with the lack of visualization of the fungus. The histopathological characteristics of sporotrichosis were variable when the causative fungus was not seen. In a proper context, the diagnosis of sporotrichosis remains a potential consideration even in the absence of demonstrable yeast. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Label-free and highly sensitive optical imaging of detailed microcirculation within meninges and cortex in mice with the cranium left intact.

PubMed

Jia, Yali; An, Lin; Wang, Ruikang K

2010-01-01

We demonstrate for the first time that the detailed blood flow distribution within intracranial dura mater and cortex can be visualized by an ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG). The study uses an UHS-OMAG system operating at 1310 nm with an imaging speed at 150 frames per second that requires approximately 10 s to complete one 3-D scan of approximately 2.5 x 2.5 mm(2). The system is sensitive to blood flow with a velocity ranging from approximately 4 microms to approximately 23 mms. We show superior performance of UHS-OMAG in providing functional images of capillary level microcirculation within meninges in mice with the cranium left intact, the results of which correlate well with the standard dural histopathology.

Label-free and highly sensitive optical imaging of detailed microcirculation within meninges and cortex in mice with the cranium left intact

PubMed Central

Jia, Yali; An, Lin; Wang, Ruikang K.

2010-01-01

We demonstrate for the first time that the detailed blood flow distribution within intracranial dura mater and cortex can be visualized by an ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG). The study uses an UHS-OMAG system operating at 1310 nm with an imaging speed at 150 frames per second that requires ∼10 s to complete one 3-D scan of ∼2.5×2.5 mm2. The system is sensitive to blood flow with a velocity ranging from ∼4 μm∕s to ∼23 mm∕s. We show superior performance of UHS-OMAG in providing functional images of capillary level microcirculation within meninges in mice with the cranium left intact, the results of which correlate well with the standard dural histopathology. PMID:20614993

Micronuclei: An essential biomarker in oral exfoliated cells for grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma

PubMed Central

Jadhav, Kiran; Gupta, Nidhi; Ahmed, Mujib BR

2011-01-01

Background: Micronuclei in exfoliated oral epithelial cells have been shown in some studies to correlate with severity of this genotoxic damage. This severity can be measured in terms of grading of the lesions. Aim: To correlate frequency of micronuclei (MN) in oral exfoliated cells in clinically diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) followed by a histopathological grading. Materials and Methods: The study subjects consisted of clinically diagnosed cases of OSCC. Healthy subjects without any tobacco consumption habits formed the control group. The cytosmears from both groups were stained with rapid Papanicolaou stain. MN were identified according to the criteria given by Countryman and Heddle with some modifications. Results: The frequency of MN was three to four times higher in patients with OSCC as compared to patients in the control group and the difference was found to be highly significant. In 75% cases, the cytological grade as determined by the frequency of micronuclei correlated with the histopathological grade and this observation was statistically significant. Conclusions: MN can be a candidate to serve as a biomarker for prediction of the grade of OSCC. PMID:21552400

Anaplasia is rare and does not influence prognosis in adult medulloblastoma.

PubMed

Giordana, Maria Teresa; D'Agostino, Carla; Pollo, Bianca; Silvani, Antonio; Ferracini, Romano; Paiolo, Anna; Ghiglione, Paolo; Chiò, Adriano

2005-10-01

Histopathologic grading based on increasing anaplasia predicts clinical behavior of pediatric medulloblastomas. The present study was aimed at grading 86 medulloblastomas of adult patients (aged 18 and older) by anaplasia and analyzing the predictive power. Nodularity, desmoplasia, nuclear size, nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, and endothelial proliferations have been evaluated. Morphometric analysis of nuclear size was performed using the Eclipse Net program. Patients treated with standard postoperative radiotherapy (35 Gy to craniospinal axis and 50 Gy to posterior fossa) were considered for correlation with survival. Pathologic data and total survival were compared by Kaplan-Meier and logrank analysis. No correlation was found between total survival duration and individual pathologic features. Cooccurrence of nuclear pleomorphism, large nuclear diameter, microvascular proliferations, and necroses did not predict outcome. Severe nuclear pleomorphism was found in 4 of 86 cases; the only large-cell medulloblastoma was from an 18-year-old patient. Histopathologic factors have no clinical use for stratification of patients in risk groups. The histologic spectrum of medulloblastoma in adults is different from that in children.

Magnetic resonance imaging detection of early experimental periostitis. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and plain radiography with histopathologic correlation.

PubMed

Spaeth, H J; Chandnani, V P; Beltran, J; Lucas, J G; Ortiz, I; King, M A; Bennett, W F; Bova, J G; Mueller, C F; Shaffer, P B

1991-04-01

This study characterizes the appearance of periosteal reaction by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and evaluates the efficacy of MRI versus computed tomography (CT), and plain film radiography (PF) in detecting early, experimentally induced periostitis. Acute Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis was induced in 30 legs of 20 New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were then imaged with MR, contrast-unenhanced CT, and PF 4 days after infection. Histologically, periosteal elevation was present in 27 cases. Periosteal ossification was seen in 23 cases, and cellular reaction without ossification in 4 cases. Periosteal reaction was demonstrated by PF in 21 (78%) and by CT in 20 (74%) cases. Evidence of periostitis was seen by MR in all 27% (100%) cases. MR resulted in two false-positive diagnoses. Multiple concentric, alternating high and low signal arcs demonstrated by MR in 19 (70%) cases represented periosteal ossification surrounded by fibrous or granulation tissue. These findings demonstrate the ability of MR to detect periostitis despite the absence of periosteal ossification. MR was more sensitive than CT (P less than .05) or PF (P less than .05) in the detection of experimentally induced periostitis.

Post-therapy lesions in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by 18F-FDG PET/CT-guided biopsy using automated robotic biopsy arm.

PubMed

Radhakrishnan, Renjith K; Mittal, Bhagwant R; Basher, Rajender K; Prakash, Gaurav; Malhotra, Pankaj; Kalra, Naveen; Das, Ashim

2018-01-01

The aim of this study was to analyse the positive predictive value (PPV) of post-therapy fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT performed for response or recurrence evaluation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to appraise the diagnostic utility of F-FDG PET/CT-guided biopsy in this setting. A total of 17 patients with NHL showing F-FDG avid lesions in F-FDG PET/CT performed for response or recurrence assessment underwent F-FDG PET/CT-guided biopsy using automated robotic biopsy arm needle navigation technique. The objectives were analysed in reference to histopathology. In all, 15 of the 17 (88.5%) procedures yielded adequate representative tissue samples. Nine out of 15 lesions were positive for residual disease and the remaining revealed benign findings on histopathology. One patient with inconclusive biopsy underwent surgical resection and histopathology confirmed the presence of residual disease. PPV of theF-FDG PET/CT was observed to be 62.5% (10/16). F-FDG PET/CT for response evaluation in NHL possesses a low PPV and hence warrants histopathological correlation when F-FDG PET/CT findings influence management decision. Diagnostic yield of F-FDG PET/CT-guided biopsy is high and has the potential to reduce sampling errors.

Histopathological Audit of 373 Nononcological Hysterectomies in a Teaching Hospital

PubMed Central

Tiwana, Kanwardeep Kaur; Nibhoria, Sarita; Monga, Tanvi; Phutela, Richa

2014-01-01

Hysterectomy, the most common gynecological surgery, provides a definitive cure to various diseases like DUB (dysfunctional uterine bleeding), leiomyoma, adenomyosis, chronic pelvic pain, prolapse, and malignancy. However, with advent of effective medical and conservative treatment modalities for nononcological causes it is now posing question mark on justification of hysterectomy. Therefore, an audit is required to assess the correlation between preoperative diagnosis and histopathological examination of specimen for justification of the procedure. In this study over period of one year (April 2013 to March 2014) 373 hysterectomies specimens were received in the department of pathology for nononcological causes. The age of patients ranged from 22 to 85 years with mean 45 ± 9.2 years. All cases were divided into five categories on the basis of age and audit was done. In this study the most common finding was leiomyoma (43.7%) followed by adenomyosis (19.3%). Almost 50% of hysterectomies causes were justified as preoperative diagnosis matched with histopathology. Cohen kappa statistics were used to measure agreement between preoperative and postoperative histopathological diagnosis which was found to be fair with κ value being 0.36. This study highlights that regular audit of surgeries can help improve quality of health care services and provide safe conservative option to patients. PMID:25295217

Constrained Deep Weak Supervision for Histopathology Image Segmentation.

PubMed

Jia, Zhipeng; Huang, Xingyi; Chang, Eric I-Chao; Xu, Yan

2017-11-01

In this paper, we develop a new weakly supervised learning algorithm to learn to segment cancerous regions in histopathology images. This paper is under a multiple instance learning (MIL) framework with a new formulation, deep weak supervision (DWS); we also propose an effective way to introduce constraints to our neural networks to assist the learning process. The contributions of our algorithm are threefold: 1) we build an end-to-end learning system that segments cancerous regions with fully convolutional networks (FCNs) in which image-to-image weakly-supervised learning is performed; 2) we develop a DWS formulation to exploit multi-scale learning under weak supervision within FCNs; and 3) constraints about positive instances are introduced in our approach to effectively explore additional weakly supervised information that is easy to obtain and enjoy a significant boost to the learning process. The proposed algorithm, abbreviated as DWS-MIL, is easy to implement and can be trained efficiently. Our system demonstrates the state-of-the-art results on large-scale histopathology image data sets and can be applied to various applications in medical imaging beyond histopathology images, such as MRI, CT, and ultrasound images.

Direct comparison between confocal and multiphoton microscopy for rapid histopathological evaluation of unfixed human breast tissue.

PubMed

Yoshitake, Tadayuki; Giacomelli, Michael G; Cahill, Lucas C; Schmolze, Daniel B; Vardeh, Hilde; Faulkner-Jones, Beverly E; Connolly, James L; Fujimoto, James G

2016-12-01

Rapid histopathological examination of surgical specimen margins using fluorescence microscopy during breast conservation therapy has the potential to reduce the rate of positive margins on postoperative histopathology and the need for repeat surgeries. To assess the suitability of imaging modalities, we perform a direct comparison between confocal fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy for imaging unfixed tissue and compare to paraffin-embedded histology. An imaging protocol including dual channel detection of two contrast agents to implement virtual hematoxylin and eosin images is introduced that provides high quality imaging under both one and two photon excitation. Corresponding images of unfixed human breast tissue show that both confocal and multiphoton microscopy can reproduce the appearance of conventional histology without the need for physical sectioning. We further compare normal breast tissue and invasive cancer specimens imaged at multiple magnifications, and assess the effects of photobleaching for both modalities using the staining protocol. The results demonstrate that confocal fluorescence microscopy is a promising and cost-effective alternative to multiphoton microscopy for rapid histopathological evaluation of ex vivo breast tissue.

Direct comparison between confocal and multiphoton microscopy for rapid histopathological evaluation of unfixed human breast tissue

PubMed Central

Yoshitake, Tadayuki; Giacomelli, Michael G.; Cahill, Lucas C.; Schmolze, Daniel B.; Vardeh, Hilde; Faulkner-Jones, Beverly E.; Connolly, James L.; Fujimoto, James G.

2016-01-01

Abstract. Rapid histopathological examination of surgical specimen margins using fluorescence microscopy during breast conservation therapy has the potential to reduce the rate of positive margins on postoperative histopathology and the need for repeat surgeries. To assess the suitability of imaging modalities, we perform a direct comparison between confocal fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy for imaging unfixed tissue and compare to paraffin-embedded histology. An imaging protocol including dual channel detection of two contrast agents to implement virtual hematoxylin and eosin images is introduced that provides high quality imaging under both one and two photon excitation. Corresponding images of unfixed human breast tissue show that both confocal and multiphoton microscopy can reproduce the appearance of conventional histology without the need for physical sectioning. We further compare normal breast tissue and invasive cancer specimens imaged at multiple magnifications, and assess the effects of photobleaching for both modalities using the staining protocol. The results demonstrate that confocal fluorescence microscopy is a promising and cost-effective alternative to multiphoton microscopy for rapid histopathological evaluation of ex vivo breast tissue. PMID:28032121

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of Hashimoto thyroiditis.

PubMed

Amani, H Kazem

2011-01-01

Intrathyroid lymphoid tissue is accrued in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). Histologically, this acquired lymphoid tissue bears a close resemblance to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and can evolve to lymphoma. To demonstrate the morphological, and immunohistochemical profiles of Hashimoto thyroiditis and to ascertain the importance of light chain restriction in distinguishing HT with extensive lymphoplasmacytoid infiltrate from MALT lymphoma. We studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically (CD20, CD3, Igk, Igl and cytokeratin) 30 cases of HT for evaluation of the lymphoid infiltrate and the presence of lymphoepithelial lesions (LELs). Distinguishing between early thyroid lymphoma and HT was evaluated by light chain restriction. These findings were compared with two cases of primary thyroid lymphoma. The histopathological findings were characteristic of HT. Immunohistochemistry confirmed inconspicuous, rare B-cell LELs as well as a prominent T-lymphocyte population. Testing for light chain restriction showed polyclonal population of plasma cells. The cases of MALT lymphoma had distinct destructive lymphoepithelial lesions, B-cell immunophenotyping and showed kappa light chain restriction in the plasmacytoid population. Hashimoto thyroiditis differs both histopathologically and immunohistochemically from thyroid lymphoma. In suspicious cases, immunohistochemistry could be helpful in reaching a definitive diagnosis.

Histopathologic changes in punctal stenosis.

PubMed

Port, Alexander D; Chen, Yao-Tseng; Lelli, Gary J

2013-01-01

To describe the pathologic changes in punctal stenosis by reporting the histopathologic findings in a series of punctoplasty specimens. Observational retrospective chart review. Electronic health records of all patients having punctoplasty over a 2-year period at an academic oculoplastic practice were examined. All patients whose records included pathology reports were entered into a database. Twenty-four patients, representing 30 eyes, had pathology records in the electronic health records. Patients were 75% women and had an average age of 65 (19-88) years. Associated conditions included blepharitis (71%), dry eye syndrome, or Meibomian gland dysfunction (63%). Histopathologic examination demonstrated chronic inflammation in 11 eyes (36.7%), fibrosis in 7 eyes (23.3%), chronic inflammation and fibrosis in 4 eyes (13.3%), squamous metaplasia in 3 eyes (10%), normal conjunctival mucosa in 3 eyes (10%), and Actinomyces israelii canaliculitis in 2 eyes (6.7%). Nearly all histopathologic specimens revealed findings consistent with inflammation, fibrosis, or both. These findings provide evidence to support the hypothesis that the many etiologic causes of punctal stenosis are linked by a common pathophysiologic mechanism involving inflammation.

Direct comparison between confocal and multiphoton microscopy for rapid histopathological evaluation of unfixed human breast tissue

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshitake, Tadayuki; Giacomelli, Michael G.; Cahill, Lucas C.; Schmolze, Daniel B.; Vardeh, Hilde; Faulkner-Jones, Beverly E.; Connolly, James L.; Fujimoto, James G.

2016-12-01

Rapid histopathological examination of surgical specimen margins using fluorescence microscopy during breast conservation therapy has the potential to reduce the rate of positive margins on postoperative histopathology and the need for repeat surgeries. To assess the suitability of imaging modalities, we perform a direct comparison between confocal fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy for imaging unfixed tissue and compare to paraffin-embedded histology. An imaging protocol including dual channel detection of two contrast agents to implement virtual hematoxylin and eosin images is introduced that provides high quality imaging under both one and two photon excitation. Corresponding images of unfixed human breast tissue show that both confocal and multiphoton microscopy can reproduce the appearance of conventional histology without the need for physical sectioning. We further compare normal breast tissue and invasive cancer specimens imaged at multiple magnifications, and assess the effects of photobleaching for both modalities using the staining protocol. The results demonstrate that confocal fluorescence microscopy is a promising and cost-effective alternative to multiphoton microscopy for rapid histopathological evaluation of ex vivo breast tissue.

Chrysalis and negative pigment network in Spitz nevi.

PubMed

Botella-Estrada, Rafael; Requena, Celia; Traves, Victor; Nagore, Eduardo; Guillen, Carlos

2012-04-01

Chrysalis, also named shiny white streaks, are white, linear structures only visible with polarized dermoscopy. They have been reported in several tumors included melanomas and Spitz nevi, and their histological substrate is believed to be dermal fibrosis. We have performed a correlation study between the dermoscopic and the histopathological features of 9 Spitz nevi. Chrysalis were present in 4 Spitz nevi (44%) and in all of them there was a high degree of fibroplasia. In one case, chrysalis, evident at the center of the lesion, progressively merged with negative pigment network at the periphery. We suggest that chrysalis and negative pigment network are manifestations of the same histopathological finding: increased collagen occurring at different levels of the dermis.

Unusual Metastasis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma to the Breast: A Cytological and Histopathological Correlation

PubMed Central

Tanwar, Parul; Gandhi, Jatin S; Sharma, Anila; Gupta, Manoj; Choudhary, Partha S

2018-01-01

Breast metastases are a relatively rare condition and account for approximately 0.5–2% of all breast tumors. Recognition of metastatic tumors in the breast is important because it would prevent unnecessary mutilating surgery and would lead to appropriate treatment of the primary tumor. Breast metastases from medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) are very rare with only 21 reported cases in the literature. Some MTCs mimic primary invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast histopathologically and radiologically, making the distinction between the two diagnostically challenging. We present the case of a 45-year-old female presenting with a lump breast, which was later found out to be metastasis from medullary carcinoma thyroid. PMID:29643661

A domain-knowledge-inspired mathematical framework for the description and classification of H&E stained histopathology images.

PubMed

Massar, Melody L; Bhagavatula, Ramamurthy; Ozolek, John A; Castro, Carlos A; Fickus, Matthew; Kovačević, Jelena

2011-10-19

We present the current state of our work on a mathematical framework for identification and delineation of histopathology images-local histograms and occlusion models. Local histograms are histograms computed over defined spatial neighborhoods whose purpose is to characterize an image locally. This unit of description is augmented by our occlusion models that describe a methodology for image formation. In the context of this image formation model, the power of local histograms with respect to appropriate families of images will be shown through various proved statements about expected performance. We conclude by presenting a preliminary study to demonstrate the power of the framework in the context of histopathology image classification tasks that, while differing greatly in application, both originate from what is considered an appropriate class of images for this framework.

The reliability of Cavalier's principle of stereological method in determining volumes of enchondromas using the computerized tomography tools.

PubMed

Acar, Nihat; Karakasli, Ahmet; Karaarslan, Ahmet; Mas, Nermin Ng; Hapa, Onur

2017-01-01

Volumetric measurements of benign tumors enable surgeons to trace volume changes during follow-up periods. For a volumetric measurement technique to be applicable, it should be easy, rapid, and inexpensive and should carry a high interobserver reliability. We aimed to assess the interobserver reliability of a volumetric measurement technique using the Cavalier's principle of stereological methods. The computerized tomography (CT) of 15 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of enchondroma with variant tumor sizes and localizations was retrospectively reviewed for interobserver reliability evaluation of the volumetric stereological measurement with the Cavalier's principle, V = t × [((SU) × d) /SL]2 × Σ P. The volumes of the 15 tumors collected by the observers are demonstrated in Table 1. There was no statistical significance between the first and second observers ( p = 0.000 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.970) and between the first and third observers ( p = 0.000 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.981). No statistical significance was detected between the second and third observers ( p = 0.000 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.976). The Cavalier's principle with the stereological technique using the CT scans is an easy, rapid, and inexpensive technique in volumetric evaluation of enchondromas with a trustable interobserver reliability.

Protective effect of Azolla microphylla on biochemical, histopathological and molecular changes induced by isoproterenol in rats.

PubMed

Bhaskaran, Sreenath Kunnathupara; Kannappan, Poornima

2017-05-01

Azolla microphylla is an important fast-growing aquatic plant trusted for its agronomic, nutritious and therapeutic uses. The present work is undertaken to investigate the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Azolla microphylla (EAM) against the Isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Rats were pre-treated with EAM (250 and 500mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days along with ISO (85mg/kg; s.c.) on the 29th and 30th days. ISO-induced rats displayed significant diminution in cardiac antioxidant enzymes activities, increased lipid peroxidation and alteration in cardiac marker enzymes. The same group also displayed an increase in levels of serum lipid profiles and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) accompanied with a significant reduction in the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-10). Moreover, the histopathological investigations in the heart tissue of ISO-induced group exhibited myocardial necrosis and inflammation, which correlated with the increased immunoreactivity for Bax/iNOS, whereas an absence of reactivity for Bcl-2 proteins. However, in EAM pre-treated rats, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, cardiac marker enzymes, membrane-bound ATPases together with the levels of lipid profile, non-enzymatic antioxidants, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines were maintained at normalcy that was further supported by improving histopathological changes and myocardial architecture. The IHC results of EAM pre-treated rats indicate up-regulated and down-regulated expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax/iNOS proteins, respectively. Thus, the present study reveals that A. microphylla alleviates myocardial damage in ISO-induced cardiac injury and demonstrates cardioprotective potential which could be attributed to its potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. A possible mechanism for the protective effect is the elevated expression of endogenous antioxidant defense enzymes, anti-inflammatory cytokines, degraded lipid peroxidation products and improved energy metabolism of cardiac mitochondria, thus attenuating necrosis of the myocytes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Effects of Parenteral Papaverine and Piracetam Administration on Cochlea Following Acoustic Trauma

PubMed Central

Yurtsever Kum, Nurcan; Yilmaz, Yavuz F.; Gurgen, Seren G.; Kum, Rauf O.; Ozcan, Muge; Unal, Adnan

2018-01-01

Introduction: Noise exposure, the main cause of hearing loss in countries with lot of industries, may result both in temporary or permanent hearing loss. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of parenteral papaverine and piracetam administration following an acoustic trauma on hearing function with histopathologic correlation. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar albino rats exposed to noise for 8 h in a free environment were included. We divided the study population into three groups, and performed daily intraperitoneal injections of papaverine, piracetam, and saline, respectively, throughout the study. We investigated the histopathologic effects of cellular apoptosis on inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) and compared the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) thresholds among the groups. Results and Discussion: On the 3rd and 7th days, DPOAE thresholds at 8 kHz were significantly higher both in papaverine and piracetam groups compared with the control group (P = 0.004 for 3rd day, P = 0.016 and P = 0.028 for 7th day, respectively). On the 14th day, piracetam group had significantly higher mean thresholds at 8 kHz (P = 0.029); however, papaverine group had similar mean thresholds compared to the control group (P = 0.200). On the 3rd and 7th days following acoustic trauma, both IHC and OHC loss were significantly lower in both papaverine and piracetam groups. On the 7th day, the mean amount of apoptotic IHCs and OHCs identified using Caspase-3 method were significantly lower in both groups, but the mean amount identified using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method were similar in both groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: We demonstrated the effects of papaverine and piracetam on the recovery of cochlear damage due to acoustic trauma on experimental animals using histopathologic and electrophysiologic examinations. PMID:29676295

Effects of parenteral papaverine and piracetam administration on cochlea following acoustic trauma.

PubMed

Kum, Nurcan Yurtsever; Yilmaz, Yavuz F; Gurgen, Seren G; Kum, Rauf O; Ozcan, Muge; Unal, Adnan

2018-01-01

Noise exposure, the main cause of hearing loss in countries with lot of industries, may result both in temporary or permanent hearing loss. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of parenteral papaverine and piracetam administration following an acoustic trauma on hearing function with histopathologic correlation. Eighteen Wistar albino rats exposed to noise for 8 h in a free environment were included. We divided the study population into three groups, and performed daily intraperitoneal injections of papaverine, piracetam, and saline, respectively, throughout the study. We investigated the histopathologic effects of cellular apoptosis on inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) and compared the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) thresholds among the groups. On the 3 rd and 7 th days, DPOAE thresholds at 8 kHz were significantly higher both in papaverine and piracetam groups compared with the control group (P = 0.004 for 3 rd day, P = 0.016 and P = 0.028 for 7 th day, respectively). On the 14 th day, piracetam group had significantly higher mean thresholds at 8 kHz (P = 0.029); however, papaverine group had similar mean thresholds compared to the control group (P = 0.200). On the 3 rd and 7 th days following acoustic trauma, both IHC and OHC loss were significantly lower in both papaverine and piracetam groups. On the 7 th day, the mean amount of apoptotic IHCs and OHCs identified using Caspase-3 method were significantly lower in both groups, but the mean amount identified using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method were similar in both groups compared to the control group. We demonstrated the effects of papaverine and piracetam on the recovery of cochlear damage due to acoustic trauma on experimental animals using histopathologic and electrophysiologic examinations.

Heterogeneous impact of smoking on major salivary gland cancer according to histopathological subtype: A case-control study.

PubMed

Sawabe, Michi; Ito, Hidemi; Takahara, Taishi; Oze, Isao; Kawakita, Daisuke; Yatabe, Yasushi; Hasegawa, Yasuhisa; Murakami, Shingo; Matsuo, Keitaro

2018-01-01

Major salivary gland cancers (M-SGCs) are rare, and have distinct heterogeneous histopathological subtypes. To the authors' knowledge, no consistent evidence of an association between cigarette smoking and the risk of M-SGCs has appeared to date. Furthermore, evidence of potential heterogeneity in the impact of smoking on histopathological subtypes is scarce, despite the fact that the histopathological subtypes of M-SGC exhibit different genetic features. The authors conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between smoking and M-SGC by histopathological subtype. Cases were 81 patients with M-SGCs and the controls were 810 age-matched and sex-matched first-visit outpatients without cancer treated at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital from 1988 to 2005. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed by conditional logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. Smoking was found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of M-SGC overall, with an OR of 3.45 (95% CI, 1.58-7.51; P =.001) for heavy smokers compared with never-smokers. A significant dose-response relationship was observed (P for trend, .001). When stratified by histological subtype, no obvious impact of smoking was observed among patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). In contrast, smoking demonstrated a significantly increased risk of M-SGCs other than MEC, with an OR of 5.15 (95% CI, 2.06-12.87; P<.001) for heavy smokers compared with never-smokers. The authors observed possible heterogeneity with regard to the impact of smoking on risk between MEC and M-SGCs other than MEC (P for heterogeneity, .052). The results of the current study demonstrate a significant positive association between cigarette smoking and the risk of M-SGC overall. However, the impact of smoking appeared to be limited to M-SGCs other than MEC. Cancer 2018;124:118-24. © 2017 American Cancer Society. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

The role of MR imaging in detection of hepatic iron overload in patients with cirrhosis of different origins

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background There are many pathological conditions with hepatic iron overload. Classical definite diagnostic methods of these disorders are invasive and based on a direct tissue biopsy material. For the last years the role of MR imaging in liver diagnostics has been increasing. MRI shows changes of liver intensity in patients with hepatic iron overload. Changes in MR signal are an indirect consequence of change of relaxation times T2 and T2*, that can be directly measured. The purpose of the study was to evaluate usefulness of MR imaging in the detection of hepatic iron overload in patients with cirrhosis of different origins. Methods MR imaging at 1.5T was prospectively performed in 44 patients with liver cirrhosis who had undergone liver biopsy with histopathological assessment of hepatic iron deposits. In all patients the following sequences were used: SE, Express, GRE in T2 and T1-weighted images. Signal intensity (SI) was measured on images obtained with each T2 weighted sequence by means of regions of interest, placed in the liver and paraspinal muscles. The correlation between iron overload, histopathological score, serum ferritin and SI ratio was analyzed. Results In 20 patients with iron overload confirmed by the biopsy, the liver parenchyma demonstrated lower signal intensity than that of paraspinal muscles. This effect was visible only in 8 patients with hepatic iron overload in Express T2-weighted images. Higher signal intensity of liver than that of skeletal muscles on GRE - T2 weighted images was noted in 24 patients with cirrhosis and without elevated hepatic iron concentration. We observed a correlation between low and high iron concentration and liver to muscle SI ratio. Conclusion MR imaging is a useful and fast noninvasive diagnostic tool for the detection of liver iron overload in patients with cirrhosis of different origins. Liver to muscle SI ratio in GRE-T2-weighted sequence facilitates to differentiate patients with low and high degree of hepatic iron overload, which correlates with the origin of liver cirrhosis. PMID:20105330

The role of MR imaging in detection of hepatic iron overload in patients with cirrhosis of different origins.

PubMed

Szurowska, Edyta; Sikorska, Katarzyna; Izycka-Swieszewska, E; Nowicki, Tomasz; Romanowski, Tomasz; Bielawski, Krzysztof P; Studniarek, Michał

2010-01-27

There are many pathological conditions with hepatic iron overload. Classical definite diagnostic methods of these disorders are invasive and based on a direct tissue biopsy material. For the last years the role of MR imaging in liver diagnostics has been increasing. MRI shows changes of liver intensity in patients with hepatic iron overload. Changes in MR signal are an indirect consequence of change of relaxation times T2 and T2*, that can be directly measured. The purpose of the study was to evaluate usefulness of MR imaging in the detection of hepatic iron overload in patients with cirrhosis of different origins. MR imaging at 1.5T was prospectively performed in 44 patients with liver cirrhosis who had undergone liver biopsy with histopathological assessment of hepatic iron deposits. In all patients the following sequences were used: SE, Express, GRE in T2 and T1-weighted images. Signal intensity (SI) was measured on images obtained with each T2 weighted sequence by means of regions of interest, placed in the liver and paraspinal muscles. The correlation between iron overload, histopathological score, serum ferritin and SI ratio was analyzed. In 20 patients with iron overload confirmed by the biopsy, the liver parenchyma demonstrated lower signal intensity than that of paraspinal muscles. This effect was visible only in 8 patients with hepatic iron overload in Express T2-weighted images. Higher signal intensity of liver than that of skeletal muscles on GRE - T2 weighted images was noted in 24 patients with cirrhosis and without elevated hepatic iron concentration. We observed a correlation between low and high iron concentration and liver to muscle SI ratio. MR imaging is a useful and fast noninvasive diagnostic tool for the detection of liver iron overload in patients with cirrhosis of different origins.Liver to muscle SI ratio in GRE-T2-weighted sequence facilitates to differentiate patients with low and high degree of hepatic iron overload, which correlates with the origin of liver cirrhosis.

Demystifying the Enigma of Smoking – An Observational Comparative Study on Tobacco Smoking

PubMed Central

Nallakunta, Rajesh; Reddy, Sudhakara Reddy; Chennoju, Sai Kiran

2016-01-01

Introduction Smoking is a hazardous habit which causes definite changes in the oral cavity, consequently there exist changes in the mucosa when subjected to smoking. Palatal mucosa is first to be affected. The present study determines the palatal status in reverse smokers and conventional smokers. Aim To study and compare the clinical, cytological and histopathological changes in palatal mucosa among reverse and conventional smokers. Materials and Methods Study sample was categorized into two groups. Group 1 comprised of 20 subjects with the habit of reverse smoking and Group 2 comprised of 20 subjects with the habit of conventional smoking. Initially, clinical appearance of the palatal mucosa was recorded, followed by a cytological smear and biopsy of the involved area among all the subjects. The findings were studied clinically, the specimens were analysed cytologically and histopathologically, and compared among the two groups. Results The severity of clinical changes of the palatal mucosa among reverse smokers was statistically significant when compared to those of conventional smokers. There was no statistically significant difference observed in cytological staging between the groups with a p-value of 0.35. The histopathological changes in both the groups showed a significant difference with a p-value of 0.02. A significant positive correlation was observed between the clinical appearance, and cytological, histopathological changes. Conclusion Profound clinically aggressive changes were observed in group I compared to group II. Severity of dysplastic changes have been detected in few subjects through histopathological examination irrespective of no prominent clinical and cytological changes observed among the two groups. PMID:27190962

A clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological study of Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra (DPN) - An Indian perspective.

PubMed

Bhat, Ramesh M; Patrao, Ninon; Monteiro, Rochelle; Sukumar, D

2017-09-01

Dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is a benign cutaneous condition which commonly occurs in dark-skinned people, especially Asians and African Americans. Owing to its benign nature and rarity, very few studies have been conducted to date, and dermoscopic studies are practically nonexistent. To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) and to correlate the clinical findings with dermoscopic and histopathological findings in DPN. A total of 100 patients attending the Dermatology outpatient department at Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India, with clinically diagnosed dermatosis papulosa nigra were included in the study. Histopathology and dermoscopic evaluation of the lesions were done, and the characteristics seen were noted. Earlier onset of lesions was noted in our study, i.e. onset in the 4th decade as compared to the 6th decade in most other studies. A female preponderance, positive family history, history of sun exposure, and involvement of the head and neck were other significant associations. Histopathology revealed an acanthotic variant in all the lesions that were biopsied. The predominant dermoscopic finding was fissures and ridges of the cerebriform pattern followed by comedo-like openings. Dermatosis papulosa nigra is a benign unaesthetic condition seen in Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI. The diagnosis is mainly clinical; however, in a few cases histopathology and dermoscopy aid in differentiating it from other benign and malignant tumors. Dermoscopy, in particular, being a noninvasive investigative moiety is a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool. © 2017 The International Society of Dermatology.

Surgical attitude in premalignant lesions and malignant tumors of the lower lip

PubMed Central

Calcaianu, N; Popescu, SA; Diveica, D; Lascar, I

2015-01-01

Introduction. Malignant tumors of the lower lip may have a variety of histopathology forms. The diagnosis and treatment of premalignant lesions are extremely important to avoid their malignant evolution. The lower lip tumor diagnosis is based on a series of correlations: anamnestic, clinical, laboratory and histopathological (the latter giving the certain diagnose). Material and methods. This study was carried out by selecting the cases with lower lip tumors operated between January 2012 and July 2014, in the Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Clinic of Bucharest Clinical Emergency Hospital. The variables considered in the study were the following: age, gender, exposure to risk factors, diagnosis, and histopathology. Results. The histopathological examination revealed 63% squamous cell carcinoma, 30% basal cell carcinomas, 5% keratoacanthoma and 2% actinic keratosis. Men were the predominantly affected genre, with a percentage of 70%. In the group of patients studied, 66% were smokers. Discussions. The rate of the malignant transformation of premalignant lesion was 32.6% for keratoacanthoma, 16.9% for actinic cheilitis, 10% for actinic keratoses. Conclusions. There were no clinical or laboratory features to plead for the pre-malignant or malignant character of the of a lower lip tumor, consequently histopathological examination was used for the diagnosis of the lesion. Due to the high percentage of malignant transformation of precancerous lesions, particularly in the form of squamous cell carcinoma, the surgical attitude intending to eradicate a lower lip tumor from an oncological point of view was the excision with oncologic safety margins followed by a lip reconstruction. PMID:25914752

Elucidating the Role of Compression Waves and Impact Duration for Generating mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

PubMed Central

Lucke-Wold, Brandon P.; Phillips, Michael; Turner, Ryan C.; Logsdon, Aric F.; Smith, Kelly E.; Huber, Jason D.; Rosen, Charles L.; Regele, Jonathan D.

2016-01-01

3 million concussions occur each year in the United States. The mechanisms linking acute injury to chronic deficits are poorly understood. Mild traumatic brain injury has been described clinically in terms of acute functional deficits, but the underlying histopathologic changes that occur are relatively unknown due to limited high-function imaging modalities. In order to improve our understanding of acute injury mechanisms, appropriately designed preclinical models must be utilized. The clinical relevance of compression wave injury models revolves around the ability to produce consistent histopathologic deficits. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries activate similar neuroinflammatory cascades, cell death markers, and increases in amyloid precursor protein in both humans and rodents. Humans however infrequently succumb to mild traumatic brain injuries and therefore the intensity and magnitude of impacts must be inferred. Understanding compression wave properties and mechanical loading could help link the histopathologic deficits seen in rodents to what might be happening in human brains following repetitive concussions. Advances in mathematical and computer modeling can help characterize the wave properties generated by the compression wave model. While this concept of linking duration and intensity of impact to subsequent histopathologic deficits makes sense, numerical modeling of compression waves has not been performed in this context. In this collaborative interdisciplinary work, numerical simulations were performed to study the creation of compression waves in our experimental model. This work was conducted in conjunction with a repetitive compression wave injury paradigm in rats in order to better understand how the wave generation correlates with validated histopathologic deficits. PMID:27880054

Correlation of standardized uptake value and apparent diffusion coefficient in integrated whole-body PET/MRI of primary and recurrent cervical cancer.

PubMed

Grueneisen, Johannes; Beiderwellen, Karsten; Heusch, Philipp; Buderath, Paul; Aktas, Bahriye; Gratz, Marcel; Forsting, Michael; Lauenstein, Thomas; Ruhlmann, Verena; Umutlu, Lale

2014-01-01

To evaluate a potential correlation of the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) in primary and recurrent cervical cancer based on integrated PET/MRI examinations. 19 consecutive patients (mean age 51.6 years; range 30-72 years) with histopathologically confirmed primary cervical cancer (n = 9) or suspected tumor recurrence (n = 10) were prospectively enrolled for an integrated PET/MRI examination. Two radiologists performed a consensus reading in random order, using a dedicated post-processing software. Polygonal regions of interest (ROI) covering the entire tumor lesions were drawn into PET/MR images to assess SUVmax and into ADC parameter maps to determine ADCmin values. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess a potential correlation between the mean values of ADCmin and SUVmax. In 15 out of 19 patients cervical cancer lesions (n = 12) or lymph node metastases (n = 42) were detected. Mean SUVmax (12.5 ± 6.5) and ADCmin (644.5 ± 179.7 × 10(-5) mm2/s) values for all assessed tumor lesions showed a significant but weak inverse correlation (R = -0.342, p < 0.05). When subdivided in primary and recurrent tumors, primary tumors and associated primary lymph node metastases revealed a significant and strong inverse correlation between SUVmax and ADCmin (R = -0.692, p < 0.001), whereas recurrent cancer lesions did not show a significant correlation. These initial results of this emerging hybrid imaging technique demonstrate the high diagnostic potential of simultaneous PET/MR imaging for the assessment of functional biomarkers, revealing a significant and strong correlation of tumor metabolism and higher cellularity in cervical cancer lesions.

Comparison of high-resolution microendoscope images and histopathological sections in ex vivo middle ear cholesteatomas and surrounding tissue

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bradley, James; Levy, Lauren; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca; Sikora, Andrew G.; Smouha, Eric

2013-03-01

Objective: To investigate the concordance between optical images obtained with high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) and conventional histopathology for ex vivo cholesteatoma specimens and surrounding middle ear epithelium. Methods: After resection of cholesteatoma and surrounding middle ear epithelium from surgical patients, tissues were stained with a contrast agent, proflavine, and the HRME fiberoptic scope was placed directly on each tissue specimen. 4- 10 short movie clips were recorded for both the cholesteatoma and surrounding middle ear epithelium specimens. The imaged areas were sent for standard histopathology, and the stained specimens were correlated with the HRME images. IRB approval was obtained, and each patient was consented for the study. Results: Ten cholesteatoma specimens and 9 middle ear specimens were collected from 10 patients. In each case, cholesteatoma was easily discriminated from normal middle ear epithelium by its hyperfluorescence and loss of cellular detail. Qualitative analysis for concordance between HRME images and histological images from the same surgical specimen yielded a strong correlation between imaging modalities. Conclusions: Keratinizing cholesteatoma and surrounding middle ear epithelium have distinct imaging characteristics. Loss of cellular detail and hyperfluorescence with proflavine are the hallmark characteristics of cholesteatoma which allow for differentiation from normal middle ear epithelium. Real-time optical imaging can potentially improve the results of otologic surgery by allowing for extirpation of cholesteatomas while eliminating residual disease. We anticipate performing an in vivo study to test this hypothesis.

Histopathology of fish. V. Gill disease

USGS Publications Warehouse

1957-01-01

Possibly no single disease accounts for greater annual mortality than gill disease. Apparently endemic in many hatcheries, the disease is characterized by periodic sharp upsurges which are sometimes correlated with rising water temperatures, excessive foreign matter in the water (Wales and Evins 1937), or borderline nutritional conditions.

Renal Collision Tumor in Association with Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis

PubMed Central

Rothschild, Jennifer; Bhatt, Shweta; Dogra, Vikram S.

2011-01-01

Collision tumor is a rare condition in which two neoplasms (usually benign and malignant), both growing in the same general area, collide with each other and become intermingled. We present histopathology and imaging correlation of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis coexistent with squamous cell carcinoma and osteogenic sarcoma of the kidney. PMID:21915390

Lymphadenopathy resulting from acute toxoplasmosis mimicking relapse of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

PubMed

Joshi, Prathamesh; Lele, Vikram; Mahajan, Pravin

2012-01-01

We report a case documenting fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation in cervical, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes resulting from acute toxoplasmosis. A 50-year-old Indian female with history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of left breast, postchemotherapy status, was found to have hypermetabolic right cervical, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes on a surveillance FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan. Her previous two PET/CT scans were unremarkable with no evidence of metabolically active disease. Therefore, a differential diagnosis of relapse of NHL versus infectious/inflammatory pathology was raised in the report. Biopsy of axillary lymph node demonstrated features characteristic of toxoplasmosis. The serological test results were also compatible with acute toxoplasmosis infection. Infective and inflammatory diseases are known to accumulate FDG, resulting in false positives for malignancy. This case demonstrates lymph nodal toxoplasmosis as a potential cause of false positive FDG PET/CT findings in patients with known malignancy and highlights the importance of histopathological and laboratory correlation for the accurate interpretation of FDG PET/CT scans.

Interobserver agreement for post mortem renal histopathology and diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis in critically ill patients.

PubMed

Glassford, Neil J; Skene, Alison; Guardiola, Maria B; Chan, Matthew J; Bagshaw, Sean M; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Solez, Kim

2017-12-01

The renal histopathology of critically ill patients dying with acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care units of high income countries remains uncertain. Retrospective observational assessment of interobserver agreement in the reporting of renal post mortem histopathology, and the ability of pathologists blinded to the clinical context to independently identify the presence of pre-mortem AKI from digital images of histological sections from 34 critically ill patients dying in teaching hospitals in Australia and Canada. We identified a heterogeneous cohort with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range [IQR], 56.5-77), APACHE II score of 27 (IQR, 19-33), and sepsis as the most common admission diagnosis (12/34; 35%). The most common proximate causes of death were cardiovascular (19/34; 56%) and respiratory (7/34; 21%) failure. AKI was common, with 23 patients (68%) developing RIFLE-F AKI, and 21 patients (62%) receiving renal replacement therapy. Structured reporting for tubular inflammation showed excellent agreement (kappa = 1), but no other subdomain demonstrated better than moderate agreement (kappa < 0.6). Only fair agreement (55.9% of cases; kappa = 0.23) was demonstrated on the diagnosis of moderate to severe acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Pathologist A predicted RIFLE-I or worse AKI with the diagnosis of ATN, with an overall accuracy of 61.8%; pathologist B predicted AKI with an accuracy of 35.3%. Post mortem assessment of the renal histopathology in critically ill patients is neither robust nor reproducible; independent pathologists agree poorly on the diagnosis of ATN, and their structural assessment appears dissociated from ante-mortem renal function.

Rapid Screening of Cancer Margins in Tissue with Multimodal Confocal Microscopy

PubMed Central

Gareau, Daniel S.; Jeon, Hana; Nehal, Kishwer S.; Rajadhyaksha, Milind

2012-01-01

Background Complete and accurate excision of cancer is guided by the examination of histopathology. However, preparation of histopathology is labor intensive and slow, leading to insufficient sampling of tissue and incomplete and/or inaccurate excision of margins. We demonstrate the potential utility of multimodal confocal mosaicing microscopy for rapid screening of cancer margins, directly in fresh surgical excisions, without the need for conventional embedding, sectioning or processing. Materials/Methods A multimodal confocal mosaicing microscope was developed to image basal cell carcinoma margins in surgical skin excisions, with resolution that shows nuclear detail. Multimodal contrast is with fluorescence for imaging nuclei and reflectance for cellular cytoplasm and dermal collagen. Thirtyfive excisions of basal cell carcinomas from Mohs surgery were imaged, and the mosaics analyzed by comparison to the corresponding frozen pathology. Results Confocal mosaics are produced in about 9 minutes, displaying tissue in fields-of-view of 12 mm with 2X magnification. A digital staining algorithm transforms black and white contrast to purple and pink, which simulates the appearance of standard histopathology. Mosaicing enables rapid digital screening, which mimics the examination of histopathology. Conclusions Multimodal confocal mosaicing microscopy offers a technology platform to potentially enable real-time pathology at the bedside. The imaging may serve as an adjunct to conventional histopathology, to expedite screening of margins and guide surgery toward more complete and accurate excision of cancer. PMID:22721570

[Effects of nano-selenium on antioxidant capacity and histopathology of Cyprinus carpio liver under fluoride stress].

PubMed

Chen, Jian-Jie; Cao, Jin-Ling; Luo, Yong-Ju; Li, Ju-Yin

2013-10-01

To evaluate the protection effect of nano-selenium (NSe) on the antioxidant capacity and histopathology of Cyprinus carpio liver under fluoride stress, a total of 750 C. carpio individuals were randomly divided into five groups, i. e., no fluoride stress and NSe addition (CK), fluoride (100 mg F- x L(-1))-stressed (FS), and fluoride-stressed plus NSe added with a dosage of 0.1 mg Se x L(-1) (NSe L), 0.5 mg Se x L(-1) (NSe M), and 1.0 mg Se x kg(-1)(NSe H). The NSe was mixed with fish foods, and the fishes of FS and NSe groups were exposed to the fluoride stress for 30 days. As compared with CK, fluoride stress decreased the SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities and increased the MDA content of C. carpio liver, and induced a definite damage on the histopathology of the liver. Compared with FS, NSe increased the liver SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities, decreased the liver MDA content, and mitigated the damage of fluoride stress on the histopathology of the liver. The results demonstrated that in some extent, the addition of NSe into fish foods could alleviate the decline of the antioxidant capacity of C. carpio liver and the damage on the liver histopathology caused by fluoride stress.

Hypopigmented macules secondary to imatinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study.

PubMed

Llamas-Velasco, Mar; Fraga, Javier; Kutzner, Heinz; Steegmann, Juan Luis; García-Diez, Amaro; Requena, Luis

2014-05-01

A few series addressing the cutaneous side effects related to imatinib in the skin have been published, but only one described scarce histopathologic information in seven patients. To characterize these lesions and compare the number of melanocytes between hypopigmented lesions and normal appearing skin. We retrieved clinical data of the patients and performed 24 skin biopsies (13 from hypopigmented skin and 11 from normal-appearing skin) within a cohort of 41 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib. We classified the biopsies into three patterns. About 45% of patients presented with periocular hypopigmentation. Perifollicular fibrosis was observed in hypopigmented skin biopsies (76.9%) and in normal-appearing skin (45.5%). Epidermal melanin, as determined with Masson-Fontana staining, and melanocyte number, as evaluated with MiTF, Melan A and c-kit immunostains, were lower in hypopigmented skin. Histopathologic study of hypopigmented macules demonstrates the presence of melanin with a statistically significant decrease in the number of melanocytes. Therefore, these findings differ from vitiligo, as melanocytes are present. Three histopathological patterns may be found, namely (a) perifollicular fibrosis, (b) lichen planopilaris-like and (c) apparently normal skin. One of the most striking histopathologic finding consisted of the presence of perifollicular fibrosis in both hypopigmented lesions and apparently normal skin. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Parvovirus B19 infection in an adult presenting with connective tissue disease-like symptoms: a report of the clinical and histological findings.

PubMed

Liles, J E; Shalin, S C; White, B A; Trigg, L B; Kaley, J R

2017-06-15

Parvovirus B19 infections in adults are usually associated with nonspecific and mild symptoms. However, cases presenting with a lupus-like syndrome have been described, leading to the hypothesis that parvovirus infection can induce connective tissue disease. Various histopathologic features of cutaneous manifestations of parvovirus have been reported, including features which overlap with those of connective tissue disease. Herein, we discuss an unusual case of Parvovirus  B19 infection in a middle-aged woman. The biopsy results showed granulomatous vasculitis and were consistent with the previously described superantigen id reaction. This case demonstrates that infectious causes should be considered in the differential diagnosis for granulomatous vasculitis and clinicopathologic correlation is required for accurate diagnosis. We also provide a review of the literature highlighting the possible role of parvovirus in induction of a connective tissue disease-like presentation.

Polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation imaging for liver fibrosis assessment without labeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Jian; Pan, Shiying; Zheng, Wei; Huang, Zhiwei

2013-10-01

We apply the polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation (PR-SHG) microscopy to investigate the changes of collagen typings (type I vs type III) and collagen fibril orientations of liver tissue in bile-duct-ligation (BDL) rat models. The PR-SHG results show that the second-order susceptibility tensor ratios (χ31/χ15 and χ33/χ15) of collagen fibers increase with liver fibrotic progression after BDL surgery, reflecting an increase of the type III collagen component with the severity of liver fibrosis; and the square root of the collagen type III to type I ratio linearly correlates (R2 = 0.98) with histopathological scores. Furthermore, the collagen fibril orientations become more random with liver fibrosis transformation as compared to normal liver tissue. This work demonstrates that PR-SHG microscopy has the potential for label-free diagnosis and characterization of liver fibrosis based on quantitative analysis of collagen typings and fibril orientations.

Demyelinating diseases.

PubMed

Love, S

2006-11-01

A diagnosis of demyelination carries important therapeutic and prognostic implications. In most cases the diagnosis is made clinically, and involvement of the histopathologist is largely confined to postmortem confirmation and clinicopathological correlation. However, every now and then, accurate diagnosis of the presence or cause of demyelination before death hinges on the histopathological assessment. Recognition of demyelination depends on an awareness of this as a diagnostic possibility, and on the use of appropriate tinctorial and immunohistochemical stains to identify myelin, axons and inflammatory cells. In biopsy specimens, the critical distinction is usually from ischaemic or neoplastic disease, and the types of demyelinating disease most likely to be encountered are multiple sclerosis, acute-disseminated encephalomyelitis, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and extrapontine myelinolysis. Interpretation of the pathology has to be made in the context of the clinical, radiological and biochemical findings. Freezing of a small amount of fresh tissue allows for later virological studies, and electron microscopy is occasionally helpful for demonstration of viral particles.

Olfactory neuroblastoma in dogs and cats--a histological and immunohistochemical analysis.

PubMed

Brosinski, K; Janik, D; Polkinghorne, A; Von Bomhard, W; Schmahl, W

2012-01-01

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) was identified in 13 dogs and nine cats. The tumours were subjected to microscopical examination and were graded using a human pathological grading system. In the canine and feline tumours there was more necrosis and higher mitotic activity (mitotic index and Ki67 labelling index) than reported in human ONB. Rosettes were a common feature of feline ONBs. A significant correlation was observed between the histological grade and the Ki67 labelling index. The histopathological diagnosis of ONB was confirmed immunohistochemically by demonstration of the neuronal marker neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Two other neuron-specific antibodies specific for microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN) were evaluated. MAP-2 expression proved to have higher specificity than labelling for NSE. NeuN expression was less sensitive and of limited practical value. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interphalangeal Osteoarthritis Radiographic Simplified (iOARS) score: a radiographic method to detect osteoarthritis of the interphalangeal finger joints based on its histopathological alterations.

PubMed

Sunk, Ilse-Gerlinde; Amoyo-Minar, Love; Stamm, Tanja; Haider, Stefanie; Niederreiter, Birgit; Supp, Gabriela; Soleiman, Afschin; Kainberger, Franz; Smolen, Josef S; Bobacz, Klaus

2014-11-01

To develop a radiographic score for assessment of hand osteoarthritis (OA) that is based on histopathological alterations of the distal (DIP) and proximal (PIP) interphalangeal joints. DIP and PIP joints were obtained from corpses (n=40). Plain radiographies of these joints were taken. Joint samples were prepared for histological analysis; cartilage damage was graded according to the Mankin scoring system. A 2×2 Fisher's exact test was applied to define those radiographic features most likely to be associated with histological alterations. Receiver operating characteristic curves were analysed to determine radiographic thresholds. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) estimated intra- and inter-reader variability. Spearman's correlation was applied to examine the relationship between our score and histopathological changes. Differences between groups were determined by a Student's t test. The Interphalangeal Osteoarthritis Radiographic Simplified (iOARS) score is presented. The score is based on histopathological changes of DIP and PIP joints and follows a simple dichotomy whether OA is present or not. The iOARS score relies on three equally ranked radiographic features (osteophytes, joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis). For both DIP and PIP joints, the presence of one x-ray features reflects interphalangeal OA. Sensitivity and specificity for DIP joints were 92.3% and 90.9%, respectively, and 75% and 100% for PIP joints. All readers were able to reproduce their own readings in DIP and PIP joints after 4 weeks. The overall agreement between the three readers was good; ICCs ranged from 0.945 to 0.586. Additionally, outcomes of the iOARS score in a hand OA cohort revealed a higher prevalence of interphalangeal joint OA compared with the Kellgren and Lawrence score. The iOARS score is uniquely based on histopathological alterations of the interphalangeal joints in order to reliably determine OA of the DIP and PIP joints radiographically. Its high specificity and sensitivity together with the dichotomous approach renders the iOARS score reliable, fast to perform and easy to apply. This tool may not only be valuable in daily clinical practice but also in clinical and epidemiological trials. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Visual Pattern Analysis in Histopathology Images Using Bag of Features

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cruz-Roa, Angel; Caicedo, Juan C.; González, Fabio A.

This paper presents a framework to analyse visual patterns in a collection of medical images in a two stage procedure. First, a set of representative visual patterns from the image collection is obtained by constructing a visual-word dictionary under a bag-of-features approach. Second, an analysis of the relationships between visual patterns and semantic concepts in the image collection is performed. The most important visual patterns for each semantic concept are identified using correlation analysis. A matrix visualization of the structure and organization of the image collection is generated using a cluster analysis. The experimental evaluation was conducted on a histopathology image collection and results showed clear relationships between visual patterns and semantic concepts, that in addition, are of easy interpretation and understanding.

High-throughput 3D whole-brain quantitative histopathology in rodents

PubMed Central

Vandenberghe, Michel E.; Hérard, Anne-Sophie; Souedet, Nicolas; Sadouni, Elmahdi; Santin, Mathieu D.; Briet, Dominique; Carré, Denis; Schulz, Jocelyne; Hantraye, Philippe; Chabrier, Pierre-Etienne; Rooney, Thomas; Debeir, Thomas; Blanchard, Véronique; Pradier, Laurent; Dhenain, Marc; Delzescaux, Thierry

2016-01-01

Histology is the gold standard to unveil microscopic brain structures and pathological alterations in humans and animal models of disease. However, due to tedious manual interventions, quantification of histopathological markers is classically performed on a few tissue sections, thus restricting measurements to limited portions of the brain. Recently developed 3D microscopic imaging techniques have allowed in-depth study of neuroanatomy. However, quantitative methods are still lacking for whole-brain analysis of cellular and pathological markers. Here, we propose a ready-to-use, automated, and scalable method to thoroughly quantify histopathological markers in 3D in rodent whole brains. It relies on block-face photography, serial histology and 3D-HAPi (Three Dimensional Histology Analysis Pipeline), an open source image analysis software. We illustrate our method in studies involving mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and show that it can be broadly applied to characterize animal models of brain diseases, to evaluate therapeutic interventions, to anatomically correlate cellular and pathological markers throughout the entire brain and to validate in vivo imaging techniques. PMID:26876372

Feline sporotrichosis: histopathological profile of cutaneous lesions and their correlation with clinical presentation.

PubMed

Miranda, Luisa H M; Conceição-Silva, Fátima; Quintella, Leonardo P; Kuraiem, Bianca P; Pereira, Sandro A; Schubach, Tânia M P

2013-07-01

Cutaneous lesions of feline sporotrichosis show high fungal load and are associated with severe disease and elevated zoonotic potential. The present study describes the histopathology and fungal load of the lesions in different clinical presentations of feline sporotrichosis. Cats with sporotrichosis were separated into groups L1, L2 and L3 (lesions in one, two and three or more locations, respectively) and subjected to skin biopsies for histopathology. Eighty-six cats were included in the study. Lesions were suppurative granulomatous in 84 cases and poorly formed granulomas were predominant. The well-formed granulomas were associated with group L1. The high fungal load was predominant in group L3 and in poorly formed granuloma cases and did not occur in well-formed granulomas cases. The good general condition was associated with low fungal load. These findings suggest that the fungal load control in animals with more localized lesions and well-organized response is linked with the improvement in the outcome of infected cats. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Donor liver histology--a valuable tool in graft selection.

PubMed

Flechtenmacher, Christa; Schirmacher, Peter; Schemmer, Peter

2015-07-01

Due to a tremendous organ shortage, livers from donors with extended criteria are increasingly considered for transplantation. Pathologists are more and more requested to evaluate these livers histopathologically using frozen sections at high urgency for acceptability. This article reviews the current knowledge on pre-transplant histology in liver transplantation. Prerequisites and conditions for proper pre-transplant evaluation of donor liver tissue are discussed as well as frozen section evaluation and reporting. Data sources include the relevant medical literature, web sites specialized in organ transplantation, and the authors' experiences in liver transplant centers. Pre-transplant histopathological evaluation is a time-effective, accurate, and reliable tool to assess liver quality from candidate deceased donors. Pre-transplant biopsies are of value in the selection of donor livers for transplantation, especially in case of extended criteria donors, and should be performed more frequently in order to avoid unnecessary loss of organs suitable for transplantation and transplantation of inappropriate organs. Correlation of histopathological findings with clinical conditions is essential and requires excellent communication between pathologists, surgeons, and the other members of the transplant team.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) induces estrogen receptor-positive mammary neoplasia through an inflammatory and metabolic phenotype linked to mTor activation

PubMed Central

Yuan, Hongyan; Lu, Jin; Xiao, Junfeng; Upadhyay, Geeta; Umans, Rachel; Kallakury, Bhaskar; Yin, Yuhzi; Fant, Michael E.; Kopelovich, Levy; Glazer, Robert I.

2013-01-01

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPARδ) regulates a multitude of physiological processes associated with glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and proliferation. One or more of these processes are potential risk factors for the ability of PPARδ agonists to promote tumorigenesis in the mammary gland. In the present study, we describe a new transgenic mouse model in which activation of PPARδ in the mammary epithelium by endogenous or synthetic ligands resulted in progressive histopathological changes that culminated in the appearance of estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-positive and ErbB2-negative infiltrating ductal carcinomas. Multiparous mice presented with mammary carcinomas after a latency of 12 months, and administration of the PPARδ ligand GW501516 reduced tumor latency to five months. Histopathological changes occurred concurrently with an increase in an inflammatory, invasive, metabolic and proliferative gene signature, including expression of the trophoblast gene, Plac1, beginning one week after GW501516 treatment, and remained elevated throughout tumorigenesis. The appearance of malignant changes correlated with a pronounced increase in phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidic acid metabolites, which coincided with activation of Akt and mTor signaling that were attenuated by treatment with the mTor inhibitor everolimus. Our findings are the first to demonstrate a direct role of PPARδ in the pathogenesis of mammary tumorigenesis, and suggest a rationale for therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat this disease. PMID:23811944

Geographic tongue and psoriasis: clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic correlation - a literature review*

PubMed Central

Picciani, Bruna Lavinas Sayed; Domingos, Tábata Alves; Teixeira-Souza, Thays; dos Santos, Vanessa de Carla Batista; Gonzaga, Heron Fernando de Sousa; Cardoso-Oliveira, Juliana; Gripp, Alexandre Carlos; Dias, Eliane Pedra; Carneiro, Sueli

2016-01-01

Geographic tongue is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated oral lesion of unknown etiology. It is characterized by serpiginous white areas around the atrophic mucosa, which alternation between activity, remission and reactivation at various locations gave the names benign migratory glossitis and wandering rash of the tongue. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with frequent cutaneous involvement and an immunogenetic basis of great importance in clinical practice. The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has been demonstrated in various studies, based on observation of its fundamental lesions, microscopic similarity between the two conditions and the presence of a common genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-C*06. The difficulty however in accepting the diagnosis of geographic tongue as oral psoriasis is the fact that not all patients with geographic tongue present psoriasis. Some authors believe that the prevalence of geographic tongue would be much greater if psoriatic patients underwent thorough oral examination. This study aimed to develop a literature review performed between 1980 and 2014, in which consultation of theses, dissertations and selected scientific articles were conducted through search in Scielo and Bireme databases, from Medline and Lilacs sources, relating the common characteristics between geographic tongue and psoriasis. We observed that the frequency of oral lesions is relatively common, but to establish a correct diagnosis of oral psoriasis, immunohistochemical and genetic histopathological analyzes are necessary, thus highlighting the importance of oral examination in psoriatic patients and cutaneous examination in patients with geographic tongue. PMID:27579734

Oral proliferative verrucous leucoplakia: are there particular features for such an ambiguous entity? A systematic review.

PubMed

Pentenero, M; Meleti, M; Vescovi, P; Gandolfo, S

2014-05-01

Proliferative verrucous leucoplakia (PVL) is a distinct, particularly aggressive form of oral leucoplakia. Given the low prevalence of PVL, data are sparse and are mostly from case reports, case series and only a few case-control studies, meaning that the literature is able to provide only weak evidence. The present systematic literature review aims to collate the available evidence on the following issues: patient demographics, aetiology, lesion location(s), malignant potential, location and histopathological features of transformed lesions, disease-specific survival rates and treatment response. Electronic databases were searched for studies in the English language reporting original data from at least 10 patients with PVL on the target issues of the present review. The retrieved data were merged and a descriptive analysis performed. The 20 studies selected indicated that PVL does not seem to be correlated with the major risk factors for oral carcinoma (tobacco, alcohol and/or areca nut/betel leaf chewing). The disorder affects mainly adult/elderly women and has a very high malignant transformation rate, particular site distribution and particular location and histopathological features of transformed lesions. The present results may be limited by some articles being unintentionally excluded as they were not found during the electronic search, a lack of worldwide accepted diagnostic criteria for PVL, and overlapping data from multiple studies performed in a limited number of centres. Despite these potential drawbacks, the present results demonstrate that PVL does have particular features. © 2014 British Association of Dermatologists.

Multiparametric and semiquantitative scoring systems for the evaluation of mouse model histopathology - a systematic review

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Histopathology has initially been and is still used to diagnose infectious, degenerative or neoplastic diseases in humans or animals. In addition to qualitative diagnoses semiquantitative scoring of a lesion`s magnitude on an ordinal scale is a commonly demanded task for histopathologists. Multiparametric, semiquantitative scoring systems for mouse models histopathology are a common approach to handle these questions and to include histopathologic information in biomedical research. Results Inclusion criteria for scoring systems were a first description of a multiparametric, semiquantiative scoring systems which comprehensibly describe an approach to evaluate morphologic lesion. A comprehensive literature search using these criteria identified 153 originally designed semiquantitative scoring systems for the analysis of morphologic changes in mouse models covering almost all organs systems and a wide variety of disease models. Of these, colitis, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, lupus nephritis and collagen induced osteoarthritis colitis were the disease models with the largest number of different scoring systems. Closer analysis of the identified scoring systems revealed a lack of a rationale for the selection of the scoring parameters or a correlation between scoring parameter value and the magnitude of the clinical symptoms in most studies. Conclusion Although a decision for a particular scoring system is clearly dependent on the respective scientific question this review gives an overview on currently available systems and may therefore allow for a better choice for the respective project. PMID:23800279

Histopathologic findings in uteri and ovaries collected from clinically healthy dogs at elective ovariohysterectomy: a cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

Maya-Pulgarin, Daniel; Gonzalez-Dominguez, María Soledad; Aranzazu-Taborda, Diego; Mendoza, Natalia

2017-01-01

Opinions on ovariohysterectomy (OHE) of bitches vary depending on region and country. In this descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study, uterine tracts and ovaries exhibiting gross pathologic findings (n = 76) were collected post-surgery from a reference population of 3,600 bitches (2.11% incidence) that underwent elective OHE during September to November 2013 and evaluated by histopathology examination. Data were evaluated by using descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests. Bitches were of crossbred background with average age 5 years (range 0.6–8.0 years) and most were nulliparous (69.7%) with no anamnesis of reproductive diseases (81.6%). Frequencies of proestrus, estrus, and diestrus were 42.1%, 6.6%, and 19.7%, respectively. The presence of mammary gland masses (5.3%) significantly correlated with histopathologic findings in ovaries and age of the bitch (p < 0.05). Predominant uterine histopathologies included cystic endometrial hyperplasia, periglandular fibrosis, lymphoplasmocytary endometritis, and adenomyosis (19.7%, 14.5%, 4.0%, and 2.6%, respectively). In ovaries, hyperplasia of rete ovarii, follicular cysts, oophoritis, adenoma of the rete ovarii, cysts of superficial structures, and granulosa cell tumors (10.5%, 10.5%, 7.9%, 4.0%, 2.6%, and 2.6%, respectively) were observed. The results reveal the presence of subclinical pathologies in healthy bitches, suggesting that OHE at an early age is beneficial for prevention of reproductive pathologies. PMID:27515261

Three different clinical faces of the same histopathological entity: hair follicle nevus, trichofolliculoma and accessory tragus*

PubMed Central

Karabulut, Yasemin Yuyucu; Şenel, Engin; Karabulut, Hacı Halil; Dölek, Yasemin

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND Hair follicle nevus is a rare, congenital hamartoma with follicular differentiation characterized histologically by numerous, tiny, mature hair follicles. Trichofolliculoma, the histopathological features of which are quite similar to those of hair follicle nevus, is also a hamartoma that differs from hair follicle. Accessory tragus is a relatively common, benign congenital abnormality of the external ear with an incidence rate of 1 to 10 per 1,000 live births. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to assess the discriminatory value of currently available, histological criteria in the differential diagnosis of hair follicle nevus, accessory tragi and trichofolliculoma. METHODS Twenty-one patients comprising 9 cases of hair follicle nevus, 8 accessory tragi patients and 4 trichofolliculoma cases, were recruited to perform the study. RESULTS There were 10 males and 11 females in the study group. No significant difference was observed between the three study groups in terms of age, gender or histopathological parameters such as density of hair follicles, subcutaneous fat score and presence of connective tissue framework. Cartilaginous component was seen in 8 cases that were diagnosed as accessory tragi, while central cyst and radiating hair follicles were seen in 4 cases which were diagnosed as trichofolliculoma. CONCLUSION The results of our study showed that diagnostic discrimination of these diseases could be made only with the clinicopathologic correlation because of their clinical and histopathological similarities. PMID:26375221

Three different clinical faces of the same histopathological entity: hair follicle nevus, trichofolliculoma and accessory tragus.

PubMed

Karabulut, Yasemin Yuyucu; Şenel, Engin; Karabulut, Hacı Halil; Dölek, Yasemin

2015-01-01

Hair follicle nevus is a rare, congenital hamartoma with follicular differentiation characterized histologically by numerous, tiny, mature hair follicles. Trichofolliculoma, the histopathological features of which are quite similar to those of hair follicle nevus, is also a hamartoma that differs from hair follicle. Accessory tragus is a relatively common, benign congenital abnormality of the external ear with an incidence rate of 1 to 10 per 1,000 live births. This study seeks to assess the discriminatory value of currently available, histological criteria in the differential diagnosis of hair follicle nevus, accessory tragi and trichofolliculoma. Twenty-one patients comprising 9 cases of hair follicle nevus, 8 accessory tragi patients and 4 trichofolliculoma cases, were recruited to perform the study. There were 10 males and 11 females in the study group. No significant difference was observed between the three study groups in terms of age, gender or histopathological parameters such as density of hair follicles, subcutaneous fat score and presence of connective tissue framework. Cartilaginous component was seen in 8 cases that were diagnosed as accessory tragi, while central cyst and radiating hair follicles were seen in 4 cases which were diagnosed as trichofolliculoma. The results of our study showed that diagnostic discrimination of these diseases could be made only with the clinicopathologic correlation because of their clinical and histopathological similarities.

[Medulloblastoma. Pathology].

PubMed

Siegfried, A; Delisle, M-B

2018-04-24

Medulloblastomas, embryonal neuroepithelial tumors developed in the cerebellum or brain stem, are mainly observed in childhood. The treatment of WHO-Grade IV tumors depends on stratifications that are usually based on postoperative data, histopathological subtype, tumor extension and presence of MYC or NMYC amplifications. Recently, molecular biology studies, based on new technologies (i.e. sequencing, transcriptomic, methylomic) have introduced genetic subtypes integrated into the latest WHO-2016 neuropathological classification. According to this classification, the three genetic groups WNT, SHH, with or without mutated TP53 gene, and non-WNT/non-SHH, comprising subgroups 3 and 4, are recalled in this review. The contribution of immunohistochemistry to define these groups is specified. The four histopathological groups are detailed in comparison to the WHO-2007 classification and the molecular data: classic medulloblastoma, desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma, medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity, and large cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma. The groups defined on genetic and histopathological grounds are not strictly concordant. Depending on the age of the patients, their correlations are different, as well as their role in the management and prognosis of these tumors. Other embryonal tumors, for which new classifications are in progress and gliomas may be confused with a medulloblastoma and the elements of the differential diagnosis of these entities are discussed. This evolution in classification fully justifies ongoing structuring procedures such as histopathological review (RENOCLIP) and the organization of molecular biology platforms. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Graph run-length matrices for histopathological image segmentation.

PubMed

Tosun, Akif Burak; Gunduz-Demir, Cigdem

2011-03-01

The histopathological examination of tissue specimens is essential for cancer diagnosis and grading. However, this examination is subject to a considerable amount of observer variability as it mainly relies on visual interpretation of pathologists. To alleviate this problem, it is very important to develop computational quantitative tools, for which image segmentation constitutes the core step. In this paper, we introduce an effective and robust algorithm for the segmentation of histopathological tissue images. This algorithm incorporates the background knowledge of the tissue organization into segmentation. For this purpose, it quantifies spatial relations of cytological tissue components by constructing a graph and uses this graph to define new texture features for image segmentation. This new texture definition makes use of the idea of gray-level run-length matrices. However, it considers the runs of cytological components on a graph to form a matrix, instead of considering the runs of pixel intensities. Working with colon tissue images, our experiments demonstrate that the texture features extracted from "graph run-length matrices" lead to high segmentation accuracies, also providing a reasonable number of segmented regions. Compared with four other segmentation algorithms, the results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective in histopathological image segmentation.

The Age-Related Macular Degeneration Complex: Linking Epidemiology and Histopathology Using the Minnesota Grading System (The Inaugural Frederick C. Blodi Lecture).

PubMed

Olsen, Timothy W; Bottini, Alexander R; Mendoza, Pia; Grossniklausk, Hans E

2015-09-01

To describe the histopathologic findings of the four stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as defined by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) using the Minnesota grading system (MGS). There are no animal models for AMD. Eye banks enable access to human tissue with AMD. The level of AMD (grades 1 through 4) as defined by AREDS is determined ex vivo using the MGS. The AREDS has the largest collection to date of prospectively gathered data on the natural history of AMD. Since the MGS uses the same clinical criteria as AREDS, the addition of histopathologic findings of graded tissue confirms important pathophysiology at each stage of AMD. Four eye bank eyes were graded according to the MGS. Only the right eyes were dissected for phenotype grading. The fellow (left) eyes were fixed for histopathologic study. The eyes were serially sectioned (7 μm) through the macula. Individual slides were examined, and a two-dimensional reconstruction of the topography of the macula was created for each donor. Selected, unstained slides were used for immunohistochemical staining. In one donor, portions of tissue were obtained for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) processing. Donor 1 had a rare hard, nodular druse (MGS1). Donor 2 had intermediate confluent drusen (MGS2). Donor 3 had numerous intermediate drusen (MGS3) in the right eye. Histopathology of the fellow left showed basal laminar deposits (BLamD), soft drusen, and an area of occult choroidal neovascularization underlying the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with endothelial cells (CD31-positive). Donor 4 also had MGS 3 along with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). Histologic and TEM examination demonstrated diffuse BLamD, thickening of Bruch's membrane, hard drusen, and focal nodules underlying the RPE that corresponded to the RPD. EM examination demonstrated both BLamD and electron-dense material located just external to the elastic layer of Bruch's membrane. Eye bank eyes graded using the MGS serve as an important link to the phenotypic and epidemiologic data from the AREDS. Thus, the MGS serves as a system to study the histopathology at each stage of AMD to better understand the relevant pathophysiologic changes in disease progression.

The Age-Related Macular Degeneration Complex: Linking Epidemiology and Histopathology Using the Minnesota Grading System (The Inaugural Frederick C. Blodi Lecture)

PubMed Central

Olsen, Timothy W.; Bottini, Alexander R.; Mendoza, Pia; Grossniklausk, Hans E.

2015-01-01

Purpose To describe the histopathologic findings of the four stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as defined by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) using the Minnesota grading system (MGS). Clinical Relevance There are no animal models for AMD. Eye banks enable access to human tissue with AMD. The level of AMD (grades 1 through 4) as defined by AREDS is determined ex vivo using the MGS. The AREDS has the largest collection to date of prospectively gathered data on the natural history of AMD. Since the MGS uses the same clinical criteria as AREDS, the addition of histopathologic findings of graded tissue confirms important pathophysiology at each stage of AMD. Methods Four eye bank eyes were graded according to the MGS. Only the right eyes were dissected for phenotype grading. The fellow (left) eyes were fixed for histopathologic study. The eyes were serially sectioned (7 μm) through the macula. Individual slides were examined, and a two-dimensional reconstruction of the topography of the macula was created for each donor. Selected, unstained slides were used for immunohistochemical staining. In one donor, portions of tissue were obtained for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) processing. Results Donor 1 had a rare hard, nodular druse (MGS1). Donor 2 had intermediate confluent drusen (MGS2). Donor 3 had numerous intermediate drusen (MGS3) in the right eye. Histopathology of the fellow left showed basal laminar deposits (BLamD), soft drusen, and an area of occult choroidal neovascularization underlying the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with endothelial cells (CD31-positive). Donor 4 also had MGS 3 along with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). Histologic and TEM examination demonstrated diffuse BLamD, thickening of Bruch’s membrane, hard drusen, and focal nodules underlying the RPE that corresponded to the RPD. EM examination demonstrated both BLamD and electron-dense material located just external to the elastic layer of Bruch’s membrane. Conclusion Eye bank eyes graded using the MGS serve as an important link to the phenotypic and epidemiologic data from the AREDS. Thus, the MGS serves as a system to study the histopathology at each stage of AMD to better understand the relevant pathophysiologic changes in disease progression. PMID:27895380

Generating region proposals for histopathological whole slide image retrieval.

PubMed

Ma, Yibing; Jiang, Zhiguo; Zhang, Haopeng; Xie, Fengying; Zheng, Yushan; Shi, Huaqiang; Zhao, Yu; Shi, Jun

2018-06-01

Content-based image retrieval is an effective method for histopathological image analysis. However, given a database of huge whole slide images (WSIs), acquiring appropriate region-of-interests (ROIs) for training is significant and difficult. Moreover, histopathological images can only be annotated by pathologists, resulting in the lack of labeling information. Therefore, it is an important and challenging task to generate ROIs from WSI and retrieve image with few labels. This paper presents a novel unsupervised region proposing method for histopathological WSI based on Selective Search. Specifically, the WSI is over-segmented into regions which are hierarchically merged until the WSI becomes a single region. Nucleus-oriented similarity measures for region mergence and Nucleus-Cytoplasm color space for histopathological image are specially defined to generate accurate region proposals. Additionally, we propose a new semi-supervised hashing method for image retrieval. The semantic features of images are extracted with Latent Dirichlet Allocation and transformed into binary hashing codes with Supervised Hashing. The methods are tested on a large-scale multi-class database of breast histopathological WSIs. The results demonstrate that for one WSI, our region proposing method can generate 7.3 thousand contoured regions which fit well with 95.8% of the ROIs annotated by pathologists. The proposed hashing method can retrieve a query image among 136 thousand images in 0.29 s and reach precision of 91% with only 10% of images labeled. The unsupervised region proposing method can generate regions as predictions of lesions in histopathological WSI. The region proposals can also serve as the training samples to train machine-learning models for image retrieval. The proposed hashing method can achieve fast and precise image retrieval with small amount of labels. Furthermore, the proposed methods can be potentially applied in online computer-aided-diagnosis systems. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clinicopathological correlates in HIV seropositive tuberculosis cases presenting with jaundice after initiating antiretroviral therapy with a structured review of the literature

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The development of jaundice after initiation of HAART in HIV-TB co-infected patients is a challenging presentation in resource constrained settings, and is often attributed to drug induced liver injury (DILI).Some investigators have described hepatic tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (TB-IRIS) as a cause of liver disease in patients initiating HAART, which could also cause jaundice. Case presentations We report the clinical and histopathological features of five HIV-TB co-infected patients presenting with a syndrome of jaundice, tender hepatomegaly, bile canalicular enzyme rise and return of constitutional symptoms within 8 weeks of initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for advanced HIV infection at a rural clinic in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. All five patients had been diagnosed with tuberculosis infection prior to HAART initiation and were on antituberculous medication at time of developing jaundice. There was evidence of multiple aetiologies of liver injury in all patients. However, based on clinical course and pathological findings, predominant hepatic injury was thought to be drug induced in one case and hepatic tuberculosis associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in the other four. In these later 4 patients, liver biopsy findings included necrotising and non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation in the lobules and portal tracts. The granulomas demonstrated – in addition to epithelioid histiocytes and Langhans giant cells – neutrophils, plasma cells and large numbers of lymphocytes, which are not features of a conventional untreated tuberculous response. Conclusion In this high TB prevalent, low resource setting, TB-IRIS may be an important cause of jaundice post-HAART initiation. Clinicopathological correlation is essential for optimal diagnosis. Further multi-organ based histopathological studies in the context of immune reconstitution would be useful to clinicians in low resource settings dealing with this challenging presentation. PMID:23061403

AS30D Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Tumorigenicity and Preliminary Characterization by Imaging, Histopathology, and Immunohistochemistry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thompson, Scott M.; Callstrom, Matthew R.; Knudsen, Bruce

This study was designed to determine the tumorigenicity of the AS30D HCC cell line following orthotopic injection into rat liver and preliminarily characterize the tumor model by both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) as well as histopathology and immunohistochemistry.MaterialsAS30D cell line in vitro proliferation was assessed by using MTT assay. Female rats (N = 5) underwent injection of the AS30D cell line into one site in the liver. Rats subsequently underwent MR imaging at days 7 and 14 to assess tumor establishment and volume. One rat underwent US of the liver at day 7. Rats were euthanized atmore » day 7 or 14 and livers were subjected to gross, histopathologic (H and E), and immunohistochemical (CD31) analysis to assess for tumor growth and neovascularization. AS30D cell line demonstrated an in vitro doubling time of 33.2 {+-} 5.3 h. MR imaging demonstrated hyperintense T2-weighted and hypointense T1-weighted lesions with tumor induction in five of five and three of three sites at days 7 and 14, respectively. The mean (SD) tumor volume was 126.1 {+-} 36.2 mm{sup 3} at day 7 (N = 5). US of the liver demonstrated a well-circumscribed, hypoechoic mass and comparison of tumor dimensions agreed well with MRI. Analysis of H and E- and CD31-stained sections demonstrated moderate-high grade epithelial tumors with minimal tumor necrosis and evidence of diffuse intratumoral and peritumoral neovascularization by day 7. AS30D HCC cell line is tumorigenic following orthotopic injection into rat liver and can be used to generate an early vascularizing, slower-growing rat HCC tumor model.« less

Prospective Analysis of Surgical Bone Margins After Partial Foot Amputation in Diabetic Patients Admitted With Moderate to Severe Foot Infections.

PubMed

Schmidt, Brian M; McHugh, Jonathan B; Patel, Rajiv M; Wrobel, James S

2018-04-01

Osteomyelitis is common in diabetic foot infections and medical management can lead to poor outcomes. Surgical management involves sending histopathologic and microbiologic specimens which guides future intervention. We examined the effect of obtainment of surgical margins in patients undergoing forefoot amputations to identify patient characteristics associated with outcomes. Secondary aims included evaluating interobserver reliability of histopathologic data at both the distal-to and proximal-to surgical bone margin. Data were prospectively collected on 72 individuals and was pooled for analysis. Standardized method to retrieve intraoperative bone margins was established. A univariate analysis was performed. Negative outcomes, including major lower extremity amputation, wound dehiscence, reulceration, reamputation, or death were recorded. Viable proximal margins were obtained in 63 out of 72 cases (87.5%). Strong interobserver reliability of histopathology was recorded. Univariate analysis demonstrated preoperative platelets, albumin, probe-to-bone testing, absolute toe pressures, smaller wound surface area were associated with obtaining viable margins. Residual osteomyelitis resulted in readmission 2.6 times more often and more postoperative complications. Certain patients were significantly different in the viable margin group versus dirty margin group. High interobserver reliability was demonstrated. Obtainment of viable margins resulted in reduced rates of readmission and negative outcomes. Prognostic, Level I: Prospective.

Correlation of brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging of spontaneously lead poisoned bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) with histological lesions: A pilot study.

PubMed

de Francisco, Olga Nicolas; Feeney, Daniel; Armién, Anibal G; Wuenschmann, Arno; Redig, Patrick T

2016-04-01

Six bald eagles with severe, acute lead poisoning based on blood lead values were analyzed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain and histopathology. The aims of the study were to use MRI to locate brain lesions and correlate the changes in MRI signal with the histological character of the lesions at necropsy. All of the bald eagles presented with neurologic and non-neurologic signs suggestive of severe lead poisoning and had blood lead levels in excess of 1.0 ppm. Areas of change in image intensity in the brainstem, midbrain and cerebellum were detected in the MRI scans. Histopathology confirmed the presence of all suspected lesions. The character of the lesions suggested vascular damage as the primary insult. MRI was useful for detecting lesions and defining their three-dimensional distribution and extent. Future studies are needed to evaluate the utility of MRI for detection of lesions in less severely lead poisoned eagles and determining prognosis for treatment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Advanced hip osteoarthritis: magnetic resonance imaging aspects and histopathology correlations.

PubMed

Leydet-Quilici, H; Le Corroller, T; Bouvier, C; Giorgi, R; Argenson, J-N; Champsaur, P; Pham, T; de Paula, A Maues; Lafforgue, P

2010-11-01

To correlate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aspects of the femoral head with histological findings in advanced hip osteoarthritis (OA), with special emphasis on bone marrow edema (BME). MRI was performed in patients with advanced hip OA scheduled for hip arthroplasty. Coronal T1-, fat-suppressed T2-, T1 with gadolinium intravenous injection sequences were obtained on a 1.5 T MR-scanner within 1 month before surgery. Coronal MR images corresponding to the ligamentum teres plane were analyzed by two independent readers blinded to histological data. Normal bone marrow, subchondral cyst, subchondral fracture, edema-like, necrosis-like, and necrosis MR patterns were reported on a synthesis scheme. After surgery, the femoral heads specimens were cut through the ligamentum teres plane and histologically analyzed for correlations. Twenty-three femoral heads were analyzed (female 56.5%, mean age 64.5 years). Edema-like MR pattern was correlated with histological (H) edema (Kappa (K): 0.77). Necrosis-like MR pattern was correlated with H fibrosis (K: 0.49) and with H necrosis (K: 0.24). Cyst MR pattern was correlated with H bone cysts (K: 0.58). Necrosis MR pattern corresponded to a mixture of histological lesions. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI varied from 26% to 80% and from 86% to 95% respectively. In advanced hip OA, the so-called "BME" MR lesion corresponds to a combination of edema, fibrosis, and necrosis at histopathology. When the classical "BME" is more specifically separated into edema-like and necrosis-like MR patterns, MR Imaging and histological findings show substantial agreement, with edema-like MR pattern mainly corresponding to histological edema. Copyright © 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EMMPRIN and its ligand cyclophilin A as novel diagnostic markers in inflammatory cardiomyopathy.

PubMed

Seizer, Peter; Geisler, Tobias; Bigalke, Boris; Schneider, Martin; Klingel, Karin; Kandolf, Reinhard; Stellos, Konstantinos; Schreieck, Jürgen; Gawaz, Meinrad; May, Andreas E

2013-03-10

During inflammatory cardiomyopathy matrix metalloproteinases are crucially involved in cardiac remodeling. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the "extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer" EMMPRIN (CD147) and its ligand Cyclophilin A (CyPA) are upregulated in inflammatory cardiomyopathy and may serve as diagnostic markers. Therefore, a series of 102 human endomyocardial biopsies were analyzed for the expression of EMMPRIN and CyPA and correlated with histological and immunohistological findings. Endomyocardial biopsies were stained for EMMPRIN and CyPA in addition to standard histology (HE, Trichrom) and immunohistological stainings (MHC-II, CD68, CD3). 39 (38.2%) biopsies met the immunohistological criteria of an inflammatory cardiomyopathy. EMMPRIN, which was predominantly expressed on cardiomyocytes, was slightly (but significantly) upregulated in non inflammatory cardiomyopathies compared to normal histopathological findings and highly upregulated in inflammatory cardiomyopathy compared to both non inflammatory cardiomyopathy and normal histopathology. In contrast, CyPA reveals no enhanced expression in non inflammatory cardiomyopathies and a highly enhanced expression in inflammatory cardiomyopathy, where it is closely associated with leucocytes infiltrates. We found a strong correlation between both EMMPRIN and CyPA with the expression of MHC-II molecules (correlation coefficient 0.475 and 0.527, p<0.05). Moreover, we found a correlation for both EMMPRIN and CyPA with CD68 (correlation coefficient 0.393 and 0.387, p<0.05) and CD3 (correlation coefficient 0.360 and 0.235, p<0.05). EMMPRIN is enhanced in both inflammatory and non inflammatory cardiomyopathies and can serve as a marker of myocardial remodeling. CyPA may represent a novel and specific marker for cardiac inflammation. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Histopathology of breast cancer after magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound and radiofrequency ablation.

PubMed

Knuttel, Floortje M; Waaijer, Laurien; Merckel, Laura G; van den Bosch, Maurice A A J; Witkamp, Arjen J; Deckers, Roel; van Diest, Paul J

2016-08-01

Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) ablation and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are being researched as possible substitutes for surgery in breast cancer patients. The histopathological appearance of ablated tissue has not been studied in great detail. This study aimed to compare histopathological features of breast cancer after MR-HIFU ablation and RFA. MR-HIFU ablation and RFA were performed in- and ex-vivo. Tumours in six mastectomy specimens were partially ablated with RFA or MR-HIFU. In-vivo MR-HIFU ablation was performed 3-6 days before excision; RFA was performed in the operation room. Tissue was fixed in formalin and processed to haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and cytokeratin-8 (CK-8)-stained slides. Morphology and cell viability were assessed. Ex-vivo ablation resulted in clear morphological changes after RFA versus subtle differences after MR-HIFU. CK-8 staining was decreased or absent. H&E tended to underestimate the size of thermal damage. In-vivo MR-HIFU resulted in necrotic-like changes. Surprisingly, some ablated lesions were CK-8-positive. Histopathology after in-vivo RFA resembled ex-vivo RFA, with hyper-eosinophilic stroma and elongated nuclei. Lesion borders were sharp after MR-HIFU and indistinct after RFA. Histopathological differences between MR-HIFU-ablated tissue and RF-ablated tissue were demonstrated. CK-8 was more reliable for cell viability assessment than H&E when used directly after ablation, while H&E was more reliable in ablated tissue left in situ for a few days. Our results contribute to improved understanding of histopathological features in breast cancer lesions treated with minimally invasive ablative techniques. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Stacked Sparse Autoencoder (SSAE) for Nuclei Detection on Breast Cancer Histopathology Images.

PubMed

Xu, Jun; Xiang, Lei; Liu, Qingshan; Gilmore, Hannah; Wu, Jianzhong; Tang, Jinghai; Madabhushi, Anant

2016-01-01

Automated nuclear detection is a critical step for a number of computer assisted pathology related image analysis algorithms such as for automated grading of breast cancer tissue specimens. The Nottingham Histologic Score system is highly correlated with the shape and appearance of breast cancer nuclei in histopathological images. However, automated nucleus detection is complicated by 1) the large number of nuclei and the size of high resolution digitized pathology images, and 2) the variability in size, shape, appearance, and texture of the individual nuclei. Recently there has been interest in the application of "Deep Learning" strategies for classification and analysis of big image data. Histopathology, given its size and complexity, represents an excellent use case for application of deep learning strategies. In this paper, a Stacked Sparse Autoencoder (SSAE), an instance of a deep learning strategy, is presented for efficient nuclei detection on high-resolution histopathological images of breast cancer. The SSAE learns high-level features from just pixel intensities alone in order to identify distinguishing features of nuclei. A sliding window operation is applied to each image in order to represent image patches via high-level features obtained via the auto-encoder, which are then subsequently fed to a classifier which categorizes each image patch as nuclear or non-nuclear. Across a cohort of 500 histopathological images (2200 × 2200) and approximately 3500 manually segmented individual nuclei serving as the groundtruth, SSAE was shown to have an improved F-measure 84.49% and an average area under Precision-Recall curve (AveP) 78.83%. The SSAE approach also out-performed nine other state of the art nuclear detection strategies.

Histopathological and immunohistochemical approaches for the diagnosis of Pasteurellosis in swine population of Punjab.

PubMed

Bhat, Payal; Singh, Nittin Dev; Leishangthem, Geeta Devi; Kaur, Amninder; Mahajan, Vishal; Banga, Harmanjit Singh; Brar, Rajinder Singh

2016-09-01

Infectious porcine bronchopneumonia, caused by Pasteurella multocida , is a widespread disease of major economic significance. Thus, the aim of the present study was to diagnose swine Pasteurellosis using gross, histopathological, and immunopathological approaches in the swine population of Punjab and to compare the efficacy of immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques with conventional diagnostic techniques. A total of 71 adult swine lung samples showing gross pneumonic changes were collected along with the associated lymph nodes to carry out the study. The collected samples were then processed for histopathological and IHC studies. Out of the total 71 lung samples, 26 samples were found to be suspected for Pasteurellosis as per the microscopic changes observed, and out of these 26 samples, 16 cases were confirmed to be positive for Pasteurellosis by IHC. Varied macroscopic changes noted in lungs were pneumonic patches with consolidation of many lobes, congestion, and focal hemorrhages. Main lesions associated with lymph nodes were its enlargement and hemorrhages. Histologically, the lung showed fibrinous and suppurative bronchopneumonia, multifocal suppuration, thickening of septa with fibrin combined with cellular infiltration and edema. The higher IHC expression of P. multocida was seen in the bronchial epithelium besides in alveolar and bronchial exudate. Moreover, on comparing the histopathological and IHC scores which were calculated on the basis of characteristic microscopic lesions and number of antigen positive cells, respectively, a significant positive correlation (r=0.4234) was found. It was concluded that swine population of Punjab is having P. multocida infection. The gross and histopathological lesions can be helpful in the preliminary diagnosis of Pasteurellosis but needs to be supplemented by other immunodiagnostic tests. Moreover, IHC technique proved to be a specific, reliable, precise, and rapid technique to supplement these conventional methods of diagnosis for Pasteurellosis.

Histopathological features of coeliac disease in a sample of Sudanese patients.

PubMed

Mokhtar, M A N; Mekki, S O; Mudawi, H M Y; Sulaiman, S H; Tahir, M A; Tigani, M A; Omer, I A; Yousif, B M; Fragalla, I A; Mohammed, Z; Dafaalla, M

2016-12-01

Coeliac disease can occur at any age but is more common in children. Its diagnosis requires correlation between clinical presentations, serological results, endoscopic findings and histopathological classification using the modified Marsh grading system. This study of coeliac disease with biopsies received in the department of histopathology at Soba University Hospital, and Fedail Hospital aimed to gain insight into the demographic profile, clinical presentations and histopathological classification of patients with coeliac disease. This was a descriptive study carried out at Soba University Hospital and Fedail Hospital during the period from January 2010-December 2013. Haematoxylin & Eosin and CD3-stained slides of small intestinal biopsies of coeliac disease patients were reviewed for various histological features (1) intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) count per 100 enterocytes, (2) crypt hyperplasia and (3) degree of villous atrophy. Based on the histopathological findings, the cases were categorized according to the modified Marsh classification. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the patient request forms. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (SPSS). The study included 60 patients. Their age ranged from 2 to 70 years with a mean of 19.5 years (±15.7 SD). The most common age group was below 10 years old (41.6%). Male and female are equally affected. The most common clinical presentation was chronic diarrhoea (55.0%), followed by iron deficiency anemia (41.7%). The degree of villous atrophy ranged from complete atrophy (45.0%), marked atrophy (38.3%) to mild atrophy (16.6%). Marsh grade IIIC was the most common grade. The younger age-groups had a higher prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and higher Marsh grade.

Duodenal histopathology and laboratory deficiencies related to bone metabolism in coeliac disease.

PubMed

Posthumus, Lotte; Al-Toma, Abdul

2017-08-01

Coeliac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated small intestine enteropathy precipitated by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Adult presentation is often atypical and malabsorption of vitamins and minerals is common, with a consequent disturbance of bone metabolism. We aim to evaluate laboratory deficiencies related to bone metabolism and the relationship between severity of histological damage and degree of bone mass loss at diagnosis of CD. A retrospective cross-sectional study of 176 adult coeliac patients was carried out. All patients fulfilled the histopathological criteria for CD. Biochemical data were analysed (calcium/phosphate/alkaline-phosphatase/vitamin D/parathormone). Duodenal histology was classified according to the Marsh classification. Bone mass density (BMD) at the lumbar and femoral regions measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. No correlation was found between the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the Marsh histopathological stage (P>0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was most common (44.5%), whereas only 5.7% had hypocalcaemia. Calcium was lower (P<0.05) and parathormone was higher (P=0.01) in patients with Marsh III. These patients had lower lumbar T-score (P<0.05). Although low BMD occurred in all age groups, most osteoporotic patients were aged 45-49 years (81.8%). A multiple regression analysis showed that the Marsh histopathological stage could be a predictor of lower lumbar BMD (r=0.322, B=-1.146, P<0.05). Laboratory deficiencies and decreased BMD could be severe and unrelated to the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. At diagnosis, the Marsh histopathological stage could predict the occurrence of low BMD, which carries a risk of developing into osteoporosis. In coeliac patients older than 30 years, evaluation of bone biomarkers and dual X-ray absorptiometry examination should be considered.

Enzymatic and histopathologic biomarkers as indicators of contaminant exposure and effect in Asian clam (Potamocorbula amurensis)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Teh, S.J.; Clark, S.L.; Brown, C.L.; Luoma, S.N.; Hinton, D.E.

1999-01-01

Enzymatic and histopathologic alterations of the digestive gland, gill, gonad, and kidney were studied in Asian clam (Potamocorbula amurensis) in April, 1997 from each of four United States Geological Survey (USGS) stations in the San Francisco Estuary. Stations were selected based on differing body burdens of metallic contaminants in clams (Stn 4.1>6.1>8.1>12.5) observed over 7 years. Because no pristine sites are known within the estuary and because no laboratory-reared stocks of P. amurensis were available, clams from station 12.5 served as reference animals. Histopathologic analysis revealed no lesions in clams collected from station 12.5. Mild digestive gland atrophy and moderate distal kidney tubular vacuolation were seen in clams collected from station 8.1. Mild digestive gland atrophy, moderate kidney tubular atrophy, and moderate gill inflammation were seen in clams collected from station 6.1. Lesions found only in clams from station 4.1 were: (1) severe inflammation and moderate atrophy of primary ducts and diverticula, and decreased numbers of heterophagosomes and heterolysosomes in diverticula of the digestive gland; (2) severe gill inflammation; (3) severe kidney tubular atrophy; (4) severe ovarian and testicular inflammation and necrosis (5) decreased numbers of mature ova; and (6) decreased number of glycogen storage cells in the ovary and testis. Localization of specific enzymes including adenosine triphosphatase (ATP), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was performed and correlated, in serial sections with glycogen (PAS) and haematoxylin and eosin stains. Enzymatic analysis revealed: (1) increased digestive diverticula ATP in stations 6.1 and 4.1; (2) decreased digestive diverticula ACP in stations 6.1 and 4.1 and proximal kidney tubular ACP deficiency in station 4.1; (3) no ALKP differences among stations; (4) increased distal kidney tubular GGT at station 12.5 and decreased distal kidney tubular GGT at station 4.1; (5) decreased digestive diverticula G6PDH G6PDH in all stations except 12.5 and decreased proximal kidney tubular G6PDH in stations 8.1 and 6.1. It is possible that other anthropogenic and natural stressors may have affected the results in this study. However, the prevalence and increased severity of lesions in clams with highest metal body burden suggests a contaminant- associated etiology. Enzymatic and histopathologic biomarker alterations identified in this study were positively correlated with the metal body burden. Clams with the higher prevalence of diseases and enzyme alterations also showed a lower condition index and glycogen content in the month when histopathological assessment was performed. Further study will seek to develop enzymatic and histopathologic biomarkers for use in controlled laboratory conditions to help validate the field study.

Limited utility of tissue micro-arrays in detecting intra-tumoral heterogeneity in stem cell characteristics and tumor progression markers in breast cancer.

PubMed

Kündig, Pascale; Giesen, Charlotte; Jackson, Hartland; Bodenmiller, Bernd; Papassotirolopus, Bärbel; Freiberger, Sandra Nicole; Aquino, Catharine; Opitz, Lennart; Varga, Zsuzsanna

2018-05-08

Intra-tumoral heterogeneity has been recently addressed in different types of cancer, including breast cancer. A concept describing the origin of intra-tumoral heterogeneity is the cancer stem-cell hypothesis, proposing the existence of cancer stem cells that can self-renew limitlessly and therefore lead to tumor progression. Clonal evolution in accumulated single cell genomic alterations is a further possible explanation in carcinogenesis. In this study, we addressed the question whether intra-tumoral heterogeneity can be reliably detected in tissue-micro-arrays in breast cancer by comparing expression levels of conventional predictive/prognostic tumor markers, tumor progression markers and stem cell markers between central and peripheral tumor areas. We analyzed immunohistochemical expression and/or gene amplification status of conventional prognostic tumor markers (ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6), tumor progression markers (PTEN, PIK3CA, p53, Ki-67) and stem cell markers (mTOR, SOX2, SOX9, SOX10, SLUG, CD44, CD24, TWIST) in 372 tissue-micro-array samples from 72 breast cancer patients. Expression levels were compared between central and peripheral tumor tissue areas and were correlated to histopathological grading. 15 selected cases additionally underwent RNA sequencing for transcriptome analysis. No significant difference in any of the analyzed between central and peripheral tumor areas was seen with any of the analyzed methods/or results that showed difference. Except mTOR, PIK3CA and SOX9 (nuclear) protein expression, all markers correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with histopathological grading both in central and peripheral areas. Our results suggest that intra-tumoral heterogeneity of stem-cell and tumor-progression markers cannot be reliably addressed in tissue-micro-array samples in breast cancer. However, most markers correlated strongly with histopathological grading confirming prognostic information as expression profiles were independent on the site of the biopsy was taken.

Correlation of hemorrhage, axonal damage, and blood-tissue barrier disruption in brain and retina of Malawian children with fatal cerebral malaria.

PubMed

Greiner, Jesse; Dorovini-Zis, Katerina; Taylor, Terrie E; Molyneux, Malcolm E; Beare, Nicholas A V; Kamiza, Steve; White, Valerie A

2015-01-01

The retinal and brain histopathological findings in children who died from cerebral malaria (CM) have been recently described. Similar changes occur in both structures, but the findings have not been directly compared in the same patients. In this study, we compared clinical retinal findings and retinal and cerebral histopathological changes in a series of patients in Blantyre, Malawi, who died of CM. The features systematically compared in the same patient were: (1) clinical, gross and microscopic retinal hemorrhages with microscopic cerebral hemorrhages, (2) retinal and cerebral hemorrhage-associated and -unassociated axonal damage, and fibrinogen leakage, and (3) differences in the above features between the pathological categories of CM without microvascular pathology (CM1) and CM with microvascular pathology (CM2) in retina and brain. Forty-seven patients were included: seven CM1, 28 CM2, and 12 controls. In the 35 malaria cases retinal and cerebral pathology correlated in all features except for non-hemorrhage associated fibrinogen leakage. Regarding CM1 and CM2 cases, the only differences were in the proportion of patients with hemorrhage-associated cerebral pathology, and this was expected, based on the definitions of CM1 and CM2. The retina did not show this difference. Non-hemorrhage associated pathology was similar for the two groups. As postulated, histopathological features of hemorrhages, axonal damage and non-hemorrhage associated fibrinogen leakage correlated in the retina and brain of individual patients, although the difference in hemorrhages between the CM1 and CM2 groups was not consistently observed in the retina. These results help to underpin the utility of ophthalmoscopic examination and fundus findings to help in diagnosis and assessment of cerebral malaria patients, but may not help in distinguishing between CM1 and CM2 patients during life.

Usefulness of MR imaging of the parotid glands in patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

PubMed

Yokosawa, Masahiro; Tsuboi, Hiroto; Nasu, Katsuhiro; Hagiya, Chihiro; Hagiwara, Shinya; Hirota, Tomoya; Ebe, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Hiroyuki; Asashima, Hiromitsu; Kondo, Yuya; Ogishima, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Takeshi; Minami, Manabu; Bukawa, Hiroki; Matsumoto, Isao; Sumida, Takayuki

2015-05-01

To assess the correlation between MR imaging (MRI) of parotid glands with X-ray sialography, histopathology of the labial salivary glands, and salivary secretion, in patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Non-contrast MRI of the parotid glands was performed in 13 secondary SS patients associated with RA who satisfied the revised Japanese diagnostic criteria for SS (1999), and the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA (2010). The MRI findings were classified according to the degree of high-intensity signal on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) images into five grades (0-4), using the modified Nagasaki University grading method. The results of MRI grading were compared with the Rubin and Holt staging of X-ray sialography (0-4), the Greenspan grading of labial salivary gland histopathology (0-4), and salivary secretion by the gum test (ml/10 min). All 13 patients were females, with a mean age of 50.2 ± 11.3 years. According to the MRI grading, 3 patients were Grade 1, 5 were Grade 2, 5 were Grade 3, and none was Grade 0 or Grade 4. The mean stage by X-ray sialography was 1.7 ± 1.0, the mean grade by histopathology was 2.4 ± 1.2, and the mean volume of salivary secretion was 9.7 ± 3.9 ml. The MRI grading correlated significantly with the Rubin and Holt staging and Greenspan grading (P < 0.01 each, Spearman's rank correlation), and significantly and inversely with the results of the gum test (P < 0.05). The results suggest that MRI of the parotid glands is a useful noninvasive tool for evaluating destruction and inflammation in the salivary glands.

Histopathological Correlates of Global and Segmental Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Experimental Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy.

PubMed

de Oliveira, Luciano Fonseca Lemos; Romano, Minna Moreira Dias; de Carvalho, Eduardo Elias Vieira; Cabeza, Jorge Mejia; Salgado, Hélio Cesar; Fazan Júnior, Rubens; Costa, Renata Sesti; da Silva, João Santana; Higuchi, Maria de Lourdes; Maciel, Benedito Carlos; Cunha-Neto, Edécio; Marin-Neto, José Antônio; Simões, Marcus Vinícius

2016-01-21

Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy in humans is characterized by segmental left ventricular wall motion abnormalities (WMA), mainly in the early stages of disease. This study aimed at investigating the detection of WMA and its correlation with the underlying histopathological changes in a chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy model in hamsters. Female Syrian hamsters (n=34) infected with 3.5×10(4) or 10(5) blood trypomastigote Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain) forms and an uninfected control group (n=7) were investigated. After 6 or 10 months after the infection, the animals were submitted to in vivo evaluation of global and segmental left ventricular systolic function by echocardiography, followed by euthanasia and histological analysis for quantitative assessment of fibrosis and inflammation with tissue sampling in locations coinciding with the left ventricular wall segmentation employed at the in vivo echocardiographic evaluation. Ten of the 34 infected animals (29%) showed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<73%). Left ventricular ejection fraction was more negatively correlated with the intensity of inflammation (r=-0.63; P<0.0001) than with the extent of fibrosis (r=-0.36; P=0.036). Among the 24 animals with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (82.9±5.5%), 8 (33%) showed segmental WMA predominating in the apical, inferior, and posterolateral segments. The segments exhibiting WMA, in comparison to those with normal wall motion, showed a greater extent of fibrosis (9.3±5.7% and 7±6.3%, P<0.0001) and an even greater intensity of inflammation (218.0±111.6 and 124.5±84.8 nuclei/mm², P<0.0001). Isolated WMA with preserved global systolic left ventricular function is frequently found in Syrian hamsters with experimental chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy whose underlying histopathological features are mainly inflammatory. © 2016 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

Using spectral imaging for the analysis of abnormalities for colorectal cancer: When is it helpful?

PubMed

Awan, Ruqayya; Al-Maadeed, Somaya; Al-Saady, Rafif

2018-01-01

The spectral imaging technique has been shown to provide more discriminative information than the RGB images and has been proposed for a range of problems. There are many studies demonstrating its potential for the analysis of histopathology images for abnormality detection but there have been discrepancies among previous studies as well. Many multispectral based methods have been proposed for histopathology images but the significance of the use of whole multispectral cube versus a subset of bands or a single band is still arguable. We performed comprehensive analysis using individual bands and different subsets of bands to determine the effectiveness of spectral information for determining the anomaly in colorectal images. Our multispectral colorectal dataset consists of four classes, each represented by infra-red spectrum bands in addition to the visual spectrum bands. We performed our analysis of spectral imaging by stratifying the abnormalities using both spatial and spectral information. For our experiments, we used a combination of texture descriptors with an ensemble classification approach that performed best on our dataset. We applied our method to another dataset and got comparable results with those obtained using the state-of-the-art method and convolutional neural network based method. Moreover, we explored the relationship of the number of bands with the problem complexity and found that higher number of bands is required for a complex task to achieve improved performance. Our results demonstrate a synergy between infra-red and visual spectrum by improving the classification accuracy (by 6%) on incorporating the infra-red representation. We also highlight the importance of how the dataset should be divided into training and testing set for evaluating the histopathology image-based approaches, which has not been considered in previous studies on multispectral histopathology images.

Using spectral imaging for the analysis of abnormalities for colorectal cancer: When is it helpful?

PubMed Central

Al-Maadeed, Somaya; Al-Saady, Rafif

2018-01-01

The spectral imaging technique has been shown to provide more discriminative information than the RGB images and has been proposed for a range of problems. There are many studies demonstrating its potential for the analysis of histopathology images for abnormality detection but there have been discrepancies among previous studies as well. Many multispectral based methods have been proposed for histopathology images but the significance of the use of whole multispectral cube versus a subset of bands or a single band is still arguable. We performed comprehensive analysis using individual bands and different subsets of bands to determine the effectiveness of spectral information for determining the anomaly in colorectal images. Our multispectral colorectal dataset consists of four classes, each represented by infra-red spectrum bands in addition to the visual spectrum bands. We performed our analysis of spectral imaging by stratifying the abnormalities using both spatial and spectral information. For our experiments, we used a combination of texture descriptors with an ensemble classification approach that performed best on our dataset. We applied our method to another dataset and got comparable results with those obtained using the state-of-the-art method and convolutional neural network based method. Moreover, we explored the relationship of the number of bands with the problem complexity and found that higher number of bands is required for a complex task to achieve improved performance. Our results demonstrate a synergy between infra-red and visual spectrum by improving the classification accuracy (by 6%) on incorporating the infra-red representation. We also highlight the importance of how the dataset should be divided into training and testing set for evaluating the histopathology image-based approaches, which has not been considered in previous studies on multispectral histopathology images. PMID:29874262

The intervention research on treatment by Xianchen to rabbits model of chemotherapeutic phlebitis.

PubMed

Zhang, Jing; Shen, Juan; Yin, Weiwei; Wei, Xiaoyu; Wu, Ligao; Liu, Hao

2016-08-01

To develop a chemotherapeutics induced phlebitis and explore the effects of Xianchen on the phlebitis treatment. Forty-eight rabbits were divided into two series. Phlebitis model induced by vincristine was established at each series. The first series had 24 rabbits, which were divided into four groups (6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours) after vincristine infusion. The grades of phlebitis through visual observation and histopathological examination were observed. The second series had also 24 rabbits. Interventions were performed 12 hours after vincristine infusion. These rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, according to treatment: Hirudoid (bid), Xianchen (daily), Xianchen (tid), Xianchen (five times a day). Four days after intervention, the venous injury through visual observation and histopathological examination were evaluated. Series 1: Phlebitis appeared 12 hours after infusion of vincristine through visual observation. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between 6 hours and 24 hours, 6 hours and 18 hours through visual observation. However, the inflammation happened 6 hours after infusion, the loss of venous endothelial cells demonstrated differences among four groups through histopathological evaluation (p<0.05). There were significant differences (p<0.05) after 4 days among the intervention groups through visual observation, the effects of Xianchen group (five times a day) were better than Xianchen group (tid) (p<0.01). The treatment of edema demonstrated differences among groups through histopathological evaluation (p<0.05), Xianchen (five times a day) better relieved the degree of edema (p<0.05). The study showed that inflammatory reaction of phlebitis appeared early. Xianchen can treat vincristine induced phlebitis, as well as Hirudoid. It is particularly effective in the treatment of edema, and there is a remarkable dose-response relationship.

Sequential changes from minimal pancreatic inflammation to advanced alcoholic pancreatitis.

PubMed

Noronha, M; Dreiling, D A; Bordalo, O

1983-11-01

A correlation of several clinical parameters and pancreatitis morphological alterations observed in chronic alcoholics with and without pancreatic is presented. Three groups of patients were studied: asymptomatic chronic alcoholics (24); non-alcoholic controls (10); and cases with advanced chronic pancreatitis (6). Clinical, biochemical and functional studies were performed. Morphological studies were made on surgical biopsy specimens in light and electron microscopy. The results of this study showed: 1) fat accumulates within pancreatic acinar cells in alcoholics drinking more than 80 g of ethanol per day; 2) ultrastructural changes found in acinar cells of the alcoholics are similar to those described for liver cells; 3) the alterations found in alcoholics without pancreatitis are also observed in those with advanced chronic pancreatitis. An attempt to correlate the sequential changes in the histopathology of alcoholic pancreatic disease with the clinical picture and secretory patterns was made. According to these observations, admitting the ultrastructural similarities between the liver and the pancreas and the recently demonstrated abnormalities of lipid metabolism in pancreatic cells in experimental animal research, the authors postulate a toxic-metabolic mechanism as a likely hypothesis for the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic inflammation of the pancreas.

Clinical studies of pigmented lesions in human skin by using a multiphoton tomograph

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balu, Mihaela; Kelly, Kristen M.; Zachary, Christopher B.; Harris, Ronald M.; Krasieva, Tatiana B.; König, Karsten; Tromberg, Bruce J.

2013-02-01

In vivo imaging of pigmented lesions in human skin was performed with a clinical multiphoton microscopy (MPM)-based tomograph (MPTflex, JenLab, Germany). Two-photon excited fluorescence was used for visualizing endogenous fluorophores such as NADH/FAD, keratin, melanin in the epidermal cells and elastin fibers in the dermis. Collagen fibers were imaged by second harmonic generation. Our study involved in vivo imaging of benign melanocytic nevi, atypical nevi and melanoma. The goal of this preliminary study was to identify in vivo the characteristic features and their frequency in pigmented lesions at different stages (benign, atypical and malignant) and to evaluate the ability of in vivo MPM to distinguish atypical nevi from melanoma. Comparison with histopathology was performed for the biopsied lesions. Benign melanocytic nevi were characterized by the presence of nevus cell nests at the epidermal-dermal junction. In atypical nevi, features such as lentiginous hyperplasia, acanthosis and architectural disorder were imaged. Cytological atypia was present in all the melanoma lesions imaged, showing the strongest correlation with malignancy. The MPM images demonstrated very good correlation with corresponding histological images, suggesting that MPM could be a promising tool for in vivo non-invasive pigmented lesion diagnosis, particularly distinguishing atypical nevi from melanoma.

Comparison of endorectal coil and nonendorectal coil T2W and diffusion-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla for localizing prostate cancer: correlation with whole-mount histopathology.

PubMed

Turkbey, Baris; Merino, Maria J; Gallardo, Elma Carvajal; Shah, Vijay; Aras, Omer; Bernardo, Marcelino; Mena, Esther; Daar, Dagane; Rastinehad, Ardeshir R; Linehan, W Marston; Wood, Bradford J; Pinto, Peter A; Choyke, Peter L

2014-06-01

To compare utility of T2-weighted (T2W) MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) obtained with and without an endorectal coil at 3 Tesla (T) for localizing prostate cancer. This Institutional Review Board-approved study included 20 patients (median prostate-specific antigen, 8.4 ng/mL). Patients underwent consecutive prostate MRIs at 3T, first with a surface coil alone, then with combination of surface, endorectal coils (dual coil) followed by robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. Lesions were mapped at time of acquisition on dual-coil T2W, DWI-MRI. To avoid bias, 6 months later nonendorectal coil T2W, DWI-MRI were mapped. Both MRI evaluations were performed by two readers blinded to pathology with differences resolved by consensus. A lesion-based correlation with whole-mount histopathology was performed. At histopathology 51 cancer foci were present ranging in size from 2 to 60 mm. The sensitivity of the endorectal dual-coil, nonendorectal coil MRIs were 0.76, 0.45, respectively. PPVs for endorectal dual-coil, nonendorectal coil MRI were 0.80, 0.64, respectively. Mean size of detected lesions with nonendorectal coil MRI were larger than those detected by dual-coil MRI (22 mm versus 17.4 mm). Dual-coil prostate MRI detected more cancer foci than nonendorectal coil MRI. While nonendorectal coil MRI is an attractive alternative, physicians performing prostate MRI should be aware of its limitations. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as an experimental model of toxocariasis: histopathological, immunohistochemical, and immunoelectron microscopic findings.

PubMed

da Silva, Ana Maria Gonçalves; Chieffi, Pedro Paulo; da Silva, Wellington Luiz Ferreira; Kanashiro, Edite Hatsumi Yamashiro; Rubinsky-Elefant, Guita; Cunha-Neto, Edécio; Mairena, Eliane Conti; De Brito, Thales

2015-03-01

Toxocariasis is a globally distributed parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Toxocara spp. The typical natural hosts of the parasite are dogs and cats, but humans can be infected by the larval stage of the parasite after ingesting embryonated eggs in soil or from contaminated hands or fomites. The migrating larvae are not adapted to complete their life cycle within accidental or paratenic hosts like humans and laboratory animals, respectively, but they are capable of invading viscera or other tissues where they may survive and induce disease. In order to characterize hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as a model for Toxocara canis infection, histopathological and immunohistochemistry procedures were used to detect pathological lesions and the distribution of toxocaral antigens in the liver, lungs, and kidneys of experimentally infected animals. We also attempted to characterize the immunological parameters of the inflammatory response and correlate them with the histopathological findings. In the kidney, a correlation between glomerular changes and antigen deposits was evaluated using immunoelectron microscopy. The hamster is an adequate model of experimental toxocariasis for short-term investigations and has a good immunological and pathological response to the infection. Lung and liver manifestations of toxocariasis in hamsters approximated those in humans and other experimental animal models. A mixed Th2 immunological response to T. canis infection was predominant. The hamster model displayed a progressive rise of anti-toxocaral antibodies with the formation of immune complexes. Circulating antigens, immunoglobulin, and complement deposits were detected in the kidney without the development of a definite immune complex nephropathy.

Interobserver variability for the WHO classification of pulmonary carcinoids.

PubMed

Swarts, Dorian R A; van Suylen, Robert-Jan; den Bakker, Michael A; van Oosterhout, Matthijs F M; Thunnissen, Frederik B J M; Volante, Marco; Dingemans, Anne-Marie C; Scheltinga, Marc R M; Bootsma, Gerben P; Pouwels, Harry M M; van den Borne, Ben E E M; Ramaekers, Frans C S; Speel, Ernst-Jan M

2014-10-01

Pulmonary carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors histopathologically subclassified into typical (TC; no necrosis, <2 mitoses per 2 mm) and atypical (AC; necrosis or 2 to 10 mitoses per 2 mm). The reproducibility of lung carcinoid classification, however, has not been extensively studied and may be hampered by the presence of pyknotic apoptosis mimicking mitotic figures. Furthermore, prediction of prognosis based on histopathology varies, especially for ACs. We examined the presence of interobserver variation between 5 experienced pulmonary pathologists who reviewed 123 originally diagnosed pulmonary carcinoid cases. The tumors were subsequently redistributed over 3 groups: unanimously classified cases, consensus cases (4/5 pathologists rendered identical diagnosis), and disagreement cases (divergent diagnosis by ≥2 assessors). κ-values were calculated, and results were correlated with clinical follow-up and molecular data. When focusing on the 114/123 cases unanimously classified as pulmonary carcinoids, the interobserver agreement was only fair (κ=0.32). Of these 114 cases, 55% were unanimously classified, 25% reached consensus classification, and for 19% there was no consensus. ACs were significantly more often in the latter category (P=0.00038). The designation of TCs and ACs by ≥3 assessors was not associated with prognosis (P=0.11). However, when disagreement cases were allocated on the basis of Ki-67 proliferative index (<5%; ≥5%) or nuclear orthopedia homeobox immunostaining (+; -), correlation with prognosis improved significantly (P=0.00040 and 0.0024, respectively). In conclusion, there is a considerable interobserver variation in the histopathologic classification of lung carcinoids, in particular concerning ACs. Additional immunomarkers such as Ki-67 or orthopedia homeobox may improve classification and prediction of prognosis.

NA{sup +}, K{sup +}-ATPase, histopathological, and genetic responses of Corbicula fluminea to sediment-associated copper

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, S.

1995-12-31

Time-dependent responses to sediment-associated copper were studies at hierarchical levels of biological organization along an extreme concentration gradient (40 to 40,000 mg/kg total Cu). Laboratory and in situ estimates of molecular to tissue-level responses (Na/K-ATPase activity, DNA content, histopathology) were monitored in Corbicula fluminea (Asiatic clam), and compared with laboratory and field based survival of Corbicula and Elimia teres (an indigenous Gastropoda). Mollusc survival was, in turn, compared with effects on macrobenthic community composition along the stream/[Cu] gradient. Relationships between selected sediment characteristics and the bioavailability and toxicity of sediment associated copper were also investigated. Sediment-associated copper depressed Na/K-ATPase activitymore » and led to histopathological damage of renal and gill epithelia (vacuolization, degeneration), indicating that impaired ion regulation was an important mechanism of toxicity. Concurrent reductions in DNA content were believed to be secondary effects due to cell death, not an indication of genotoxicity. Sublethal responses were significantly correlated with survival in both species; however, while survival in situ was indicative of differences in community structure, laboratory-based survival was not. Copper levels in tissues were indicative of exposure, but were not significantly correlated with adverse effects. Copper levels in sediments, interstitial water, and overlying water varied independently of sediment characteristics except pH. Cu/AVS ratios were predictive of Corbicula and Elimia survival, but were not significantly related to differences in community structure. Instead, macrobenthic community structure was influenced by other sediment factors (grain size, Eh, pH).« less

Correlation of contrast-enhanced MR images with the histopathology of minimally invasive thermal and cryoablation cancer treatments in normal dog prostates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouley, D. M.; Daniel, B.; Butts Pauly, K.; Liu, E.; Kinsey, A.; Nau, W.; Diederich, C. J.; Sommer, G.

2007-02-01

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a promising tool for visualizing the delivery of minimally invasive cancer treatments such as high intensity ultrasound (HUS) and cryoablation. We use an acute dog prostate model to correlate lesion histopathology with contrast-enhanced (CE) T1 weighted MR images, to aid the radiologists in real time interpretation of in vivo lesion boundaries and pre-existing lesions. Following thermal or cryo treatments, prostate glands are removed, sliced, stained with the vital dye triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, photographed, fixed and processed in oversized blocks for routine microscopy. Slides are scanned by Trestle Corporation at .32 microns/pixel resolution, the various lesions traced using annotation software, and digital images compared to CE MR images. Histologically, HUS results in discrete lesions characterized by a "heat-fixed" zone, in which glands subjected to the highest temperatures are minimally altered, surrounded by a rim or "transition zone" composed of severely fragmented, necrotic glands, interstitial edema and vascular congestion. The "heat-fixed" zone is non-enhancing on CE MRI while the "transition zone" appears as a bright, enhancing rim. Likewise, the CE MR images for cryo lesions appear similar to thermally induced lesions, yet the histopathology is significantly different. Glands subjected to prolonged freezing appear totally disrupted, coagulated and hemorrhagic, while less intensely frozen glands along the lesion edge are partially fragmented and contain apoptotic cells. In conclusion, thermal and cryo-induced lesions, as well as certain pre-existing lesions (cystic hyperplasia - non-enhancing, chronic prostatitis - enhancing) have particular MRI profiles, useful for treatment and diagnostic purposes.

Oxidative stress associated with pathological changes in the pancreas of cattle naturally infected by Eurytrema coelomaticum.

PubMed

Schwertz, Claiton I; Gabriel, Mateus E; Henker, Luan C; Bottari, Nathieli B; Carmo, Guilherme do; Guarda, Naiara Dos S; Moresco, Rafael N; Machado, Gustavo; Morsch, Vera M; Schetinger, Maria Rosa C; Stedille, Fernanda A; Baska, Piotr; Mattei, Vanessa; da Silva, Aleksandro S; Mendes, Ricardo E

2016-06-15

Although Eurytrema coelomaticum is considered a parasite with low pathogenicity, it may be associated with mortality and loss of productive performance in animals due to chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of oxidative stress caused by E. coelomaticum in naturally infected cattle, correlating the biochemical findings with the parasite load and histopathological changes. For this study, blood and pancreas samples from 51 cattle were collected, and levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured in the serum and pancreas, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in total blood. Parasite burden was determined opening the pancreatic ducts, and then fragments of pancreas were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed for histopathology. From the 51 collected pancreas, 33 (63.5%) were parasitized. The average parasite burden per pancreas was 532 (12-2,578). TBARS and FRAP showed higher levels in serum and pancreas of infected animals (p<0.05), with a positive correlation between the histopathological changes and the number of parasites. SOD level in blood was 42% higher in parasitized group compared with control group (p<0.05), as well as AOPP in serum. Based on these results, we concluded that in natural infection by E. coelomaticum in cattle, oxidative stress occurs, characterized by the occurrence of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Immunohistochemical localization of human papilloma virus in conjunctival neoplasias: A retrospective study

PubMed Central

Sharma, Anjana; Panda, Anita

2007-01-01

Background: The extent of association of human papilloma virus (HPV) in human conjunctival neoplasias has been debated in studies originating from different parts of the world, but no substantial evidence has been generated on Indian subjects. This prompted us to carry out a retrospective study on conjunctival neoplasias diagnosed over the past 12 years. Materials and Methods: Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 65 specimens of ocular neoplasias and 30 normal controls diagnosed between 1991 and 2002 at a tertiary eye care hospital, was undertaken. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were reviewed for confirming histopathological diagnosis, presence of koilocytosis and changes related to actinic keratosis. Immunohistochemical analysis was done using HPV-specific monoclonal antibodies. Clinicopathological correlation and the association of HPV antigen with the histopathological features were performed. Results: Out of the 65 cases analyzed, 35 were papillomas and 30 were ocular surface squamous neoplasias (OSSN). The mean age was 48 years with a male preponderance. Histologically, koilocytosis was observed in 17.1% of papillomas and 36.6% of OSSN. Actinic keratosis was present in 33% of OSSN. Immunohistochemically 17.1% conjunctival papillomas stained positive for HPV antigen, all cases of OSSN were negative for HPV. There was no correlation between koilocytosis or actinic keratosis and the detection of HPV antigen. Conclusions: The association between HPV and conjunctival neoplasias is variable in different geographical areas and also depends on the methods of detection used. This study warrants the need for applying more advanced techniques at a molecular level to determine the possible etiology of HPV in conjunctival neoplasias among Asian-Indians. PMID:17699945

The Minnesota Grading System Using Fundus Autofluorescence of Eye Bank Eyes: A Correlation To Age-Related Macular Degeneration (An AOS Thesis)

PubMed Central

Olsen, Timothy W.

2008-01-01

Purpose To establish a grading system of eye bank eyes using fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and identify a methodology that correlates FAF to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with clinical correlation to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Methods Two hundred sixty-two eye bank eyes were evaluated using a standardized analysis of FAF. Measurements were taken with the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO). First, high-resolution, digital, stereoscopic, color images were obtained and graded according to AREDS criteria. With the neurosensory retina removed, mean FAF values were obtained from cSLO images using software analysis that excludes areas of atrophy and other artifact, generating an FAF value from a grading template. Age and AMD grade were compared to FAF values. An internal fluorescence reference standard was tested. Results Standardization of the cSLO machine demonstrated that reliable data could be acquired after a 1-hour warm-up. Images obtained prior to 1 hour had falsely elevated levels of FAF. In this initial analysis, there was no statistical correlation of age to mean FAF. There was a statistically significant decrease in FAF from AREDS grade 1, 2 to 3, 4 (P < .0001). An internal fluorescent standard may serve as a quantitative reference. Conclusions The Minnesota Grading System (MGS) of FAF (MGS-FAF) establishes a standardized methodology for grading eye bank tissue to quantify FAF compounds in the retinal pigment epithelium and correlate these findings to the AREDS. Future studies could then correlate specific FAF to the aging process, histopathology AMD phenotypes, and other maculopathies, as well as to analyze the biochemistry of autofluorescent fluorophores. PMID:19277247

The Minnesota Grading System using fundus autofluorescence of eye bank eyes: a correlation to age-related macular degeneration (an AOS thesis).

PubMed

Olsen, Timothy W

2008-01-01

To establish a grading system of eye bank eyes using fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and identify a methodology that correlates FAF to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with clinical correlation to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Two hundred sixty-two eye bank eyes were evaluated using a standardized analysis of FAF. Measurements were taken with the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO). First, high-resolution, digital, stereoscopic, color images were obtained and graded according to AREDS criteria. With the neurosensory retina removed, mean FAF values were obtained from cSLO images using software analysis that excludes areas of atrophy and other artifact, generating an FAF value from a grading template. Age and AMD grade were compared to FAF values. An internal fluorescence reference standard was tested. Standardization of the cSLO machine demonstrated that reliable data could be acquired after a 1-hour warm-up. Images obtained prior to 1 hour had falsely elevated levels of FAF. In this initial analysis, there was no statistical correlation of age to mean FAF. There was a statistically significant decrease in FAF from AREDS grade 1, 2 to 3, 4 (P < .0001). An internal fluorescent standard may serve as a quantitative reference. The Minnesota Grading System (MGS) of FAF (MGS-FAF) establishes a standardized methodology for grading eye bank tissue to quantify FAF compounds in the retinal pigment epithelium and correlate these findings to the AREDS. Future studies could then correlate specific FAF to the aging process, histopathology AMD phenotypes, and other maculopathies, as well as to analyze the biochemistry of autofluorescent fluorophores.

Anetoderma due to secondary syphilis: Report of two cases and discussion of the histopathological findings.

PubMed

Veasey, John V; Lellis, Rute F; Porto, Renê L; Mattei, Gladys Ma

2017-12-01

Anetoderma is a rare benign condition of diverse etiology whose characteristic is the diminution or absence of the dermal elastic fibers. Classified as primary and secondary, the latter associated with tumors, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Although the etiology of the lesions is well described in literature, the pathogenesis is still poorly determined. Anetoderma in syphilis is rare, and occurs even in the most uncommon cutaneous manifestations of the disease, such as the nodular form. In order to better understand the changes that lead to elastolysis, we propose a better correlation with the histopathological findings of the lesions that precede it. We present two cases of anetoderma secondary to syphilis, whose clinical aspects resembled the pattern of their initial secondary syphilis rash.

A review on color normalization and color deconvolution methods in histopathology.

PubMed

Onder, Devrim; Zengin, Selen; Sarioglu, Sulen

2014-01-01

The histopathologists get the benefits of wide range of colored dyes to have much useful information about the lesions and the tissue compositions. Despite its advantages, the staining process comes up with quite complex variations in staining concentrations and correlations, tissue fixation types, and fixation time periods. Together with the improvements in computing power and with the development of novel image analysis methods, these imperfections have led to the emerging of several color normalization algorithms. This article is a review of the currently available digital color normalization methods for the bright field histopathology. We describe the proposed color normalization methodologies in detail together with the lesion and tissue types used in the corresponding experiments. We also present the quantitative validation approaches for each of the proposed methodology where available.

Cytopathology of parasitic dermatitis in dogs.

PubMed

Sood, N K; Mekkib, Berhanu; Singla, L D; Gupta, K

2012-04-01

Out of 44 cases of dermatitis in dogs, 11 cases of parasitic origin were analyzed by cytopathology. Histopathologic examination of punch biopsies was also done for correlation with cytologic findings. Sarcoptic dermatitis was recorded in six cases, wherein, besides sarcoptic mites, neutrophils, macrophages, and plasma cells and keratinizing epithelial cells were also seen. Hematology revealed a relative neutrophilia and mild eosinophilia. Four cases of severe and generalized demodicosis complicated with bacteria and/or Malassezia sp. infection were also recorded. Histopathologically numerous Demodex sp. mites in varying stage of maturation were found damaging the hair follicles along with associated pathological changes and foreign body granulomas in one case. In addition, flea allergy dermatitis was also observed in one dog. In nutshell, cytology was found to be unequivocally effective in diagnosing parasitic dermatitis.

A comparison of tumour size measurements with palpation, ultrasound and mammography in male breast cancer: first results of the prospective register study.

PubMed

Streng, Martin; Ignatov, Atanas; Reinisch, Mattea; Costa, Serban-Dan; Eggemann, Holm

2018-02-01

Precise presurgical diagnosis of tumour size is essential for adequate treatment of male breast cancer (MBC). This study is aimed to compare the accuracy of clinical measurement (CE), ultrasound (US) and mammography (MG) for preoperative estimation of tumour size. This study was conducted as a prospective, multicentre register study. One hundred and twenty-nine male patients with invasive breast cancer were included. CE, US and MG were performed in 107, 110 and 75 patients, respectively, and the estimated tumour size was compared with the histopathological (HP) tumour size. All methods tended to underestimate the HP tumour size. None of the methods were significantly more accurate than the others in determining the maximal tumour diameter. The sensitivity within 5 mm tolerance for US was 65.5%, which was better than for MG (61.3%) and CE (56.6%). In the group of patients with pT2 tumours, MG showed significantly better accuracy than US. The measurements obtained with each method were significantly correlated with the HP measurements. The highest correlation coefficient was observed for MG (0.788), followed by US (0.741) and CE (0.671). Our data demonstrate that MG and US have similar accuracy with regard to tumour size estimation. US assessment showed the highest sensitivity in determining tumour size, followed by MG and CE. However, MG demonstrated a significant advantage for estimating the real tumour size for pT2 tumours compared to US or CE.

Mazabraud's syndrome: case report and literature review

PubMed Central

Munksgaard, Peter Svenssen; Salkus, Giedrius; Iyer, Victor V; Fisker, Rune Vincents

2013-01-01

Mazabraud's syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the association of single or multiple intramuscular myxomas with fibrous dysplasia. Here, we present the first case of Mazabraud's syndrome visualized on 18F-FDG PET/CT with histopathological confirmation of the myxoma. Our case demonstrates a slightly increased FDG uptake (SUVmax 2.1) within the myxomas and a moderately to highly increased tracer uptake (SUVmax 7.0) within the fibrous dysplastic lesions. The typical histological appearance of the intramuscular myxoma confirmed the radiological diagnosis. Further, we discuss the imaging findings and the histopathological features of this rare case with a review of the related literature. PMID:24198959

Adam (MDMA) and Eve (MDEA) misuse: an immunohistochemical study on three fatal cases.

PubMed

Fineschi, V; Centini, F; Mazzeo, E; Turillazzi, E

1999-09-30

Three fatal cases of MDMA/MDEA misuse have been examined. These referred to white males between 19 and 20 years of age, in which post-mortem toxicology showed the presence of MDMA (in one case), MDEA (in one case) and both (in one case). The clinical data were analysed and the histopathological findings were studied following immunohistochemical investigations. A complete immunohistochemical study has made it possible to demonstrate rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria with alterations of the organs typical of a DIC. Clinical, histopathological and toxicological data suggest that severe or fatal complications following ecstasy ingestion could be related to idiosyncratic response.

Histopathology of femoral head donations: a retrospective review of 6161 cases.

PubMed

Mackie, Katherine E; Zhou, Ziqiang; Robbins, Peter; Bulsara, Max; Zheng, Ming H

2011-08-17

Although total hip arthroplasty is one of the most common orthopaedic surgical procedures, it remains unclear whether histopathological examination of the excised femoral head adds to the quality of patient care. We propose that assessment of femoral heads resected during total hip arthroplasty and donated for allograft use may provide a profile of femoral head pathology that benefits total hip arthroplasty patients and bone donors. We retrospectively analyzed the histological findings reported for 6161 femoral heads donated for allograft use between 1993 and 2006. Specimens obtained during total hip arthroplasty and specimens donated at death were reviewed. Follow-up investigations that resulted from abnormal histopathological findings were also reviewed. The Western Australian Cancer Registry was used to determine whether patients with a suspected neoplasm were subsequently diagnosed with such a disease. A retrospective review of the histopathological findings was conducted to evaluate and reclassify all previous observations of abnormalities. One hundred and five femoral heads demonstrated abnormal or reactive histopathological features not reported prior to surgery and were rejected for allograft use. A reactive lymphocytic infiltrate, most likely due to osteoarthritis, was the most commonly identified feature (forty-five cases). Other features observed in twenty-seven cases were also most likely due to the presence of severe osteoarthritis. Ten femoral heads demonstrated plasmacytosis, which may have been related to osteoarthritis. Two patients were diagnosed with Paget's disease, and two, with rheumatoid arthritis. Nineteen patients had a suspected neoplasm. Of these nineteen, eight cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and one case of myelodysplastic syndrome were confirmed on further investigation. One subsequently confirmed malignancy was detected per 770 femoral heads examined. Our findings indicate that, even with a detailed medical history and careful physical examination, clinically important diseases including neoplasms and Paget's disease are observed in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis prior to total hip arthroplasty. Histological examination plays an integral role in quality assurance in femoral head banking, and it also represents a possible early diagnostic test for bone and bone-marrow-related diseases in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.

Intratracheal fiber glass instillation in rats: IL8 and lymphocytes levels in bronchoalveolar lavage, correlation with the histopathological findings

PubMed Central

HANCU, BIANCA DOMOKOS; POP, MONICA

2013-01-01

Introduction Fiberglass (FG) is the largest category of man –made mineral fibers. Many types of FG are manufactured for specific uses building insulation, air handling, and sound absorption. Because of increasing use and potential for widespread human exposure, a chronic toxicity instillation study was conducted in Wistar rats, which were found to be sensitive to the induction of mesotheliomas with another MMVF. Aim The present study is focused on the effect of fiber glass on lung through intratracheal exposure, the analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage and measurement of IL 8 levels, lymphocytes number and histopathological finding after the exposure period. Material and method Four groups of 8 female Wistar rats were included in the study. The animals were divided into three groups of 8 each, exposed to different doses of FG and one control group. The first group (1–8) was exposed to 6 mg dose/0.2 ml saline 5 days/week for 10 weeks, the second (9–16) group was exposed to 10 mg/0.2 ml saline 5 days/week 10 weeks, the third group (17–24) was exposed to 12 mg FG/0.2 ml saline solution 5 days/week 10 weeks and the control group (25–32) was exposed to the same volume of saline. The fibers had been size selected to be rat respirable. At the end of the exposure period of 10 weeks the rats were killed one week after the last exposure. Following preparation of the lungs, they were lavaged with 2x5 ml saline without massage. The lavage fluid was collected in calibrated tubes and harvested volume was recorded. Supernatant was obtained after centrifugation at 1,500 r.p.m for 5 minutes and IL8 levels and lymphocytes number were measured. Results The IL8 levels were found to be dose related; the first group had values ranging from 10 to 19.8 pg/ml and the total lymphocytes number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ranging from 1,500–1,900 and minimal/slight inflammatory lesions. The second group had the IL8 levels ranging between 60.4–80.4 pg/ml, lymphocytes number between 680–881 and moderate to marked inflammatory lesions. For the third group the IL8 values ranged between 88.3–113.2, the lymphocytes number ranged between 241–342 and the histopathological findings were marked and severe including emphysema, lung and pleural fibrosis. The control group had IL8 values between 10–19.4, there were no lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage and no histopathological findings. Conclusion These findings indicate that IL8 levels were dose related and IL8 levels have an inverse correlation with lymphocytes count in BAL, also correlated with the histopathological findings for the studied groups. PMID:26527915

Fruit peel polyphenols demonstrate substantial anti-tumour effects in the model of breast cancer.

PubMed

Kubatka, Peter; Kapinová, Andrea; Kello, Martin; Kruzliak, Peter; Kajo, Karol; Výbohová, Desanka; Mahmood, Silvia; Murin, Radovan; Viera, Tischlerová; Mojžiš, Ján; Zulli, Anthony; Péč, Martin; Adamkov, Marián; Kassayová, Monika; Bojková, Bianka; Stollárová, Nadežda; Dobrota, Dušan

2016-04-01

Fruit and vegetable intake is inversely correlated with cancer; thus, it is proposed that an extract of phytochemicals as present in whole fruits, vegetables, or grains may have anti-carcinogenic properties. Thus, the anti-tumour effects of fruit peel polyphenols (Flavin7) in the chemoprevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats were evaluated. Lyophilized substance of Flavin7 (F7) was administered at two concentrations of 0.3 and 3 % through diet. The experiment was terminated 14 weeks after carcinogen administration, and mammary tumours were removed and prepared for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, using an in vitro cytotoxicity assay, apoptosis and proliferation after F7 treatment in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were performed. High-dose F7 suppressed tumour frequency by 58 % (P < 0.001), tumour incidence by 24 % (P < 0.05), and lengthened latency by 8 days (P > 0.05) in comparison with the control rats, whereas lower dose of F7 was less effective. Histopathological analysis of tumours showed significant decrease in the ratio of high-/low-grade carcinomas after high-dose F7 treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of rat carcinoma cells in vivo found a significant increase in caspase-3 expression and significant decrease in Bcl-2, Ki67, and VEGFR-2 expression in the high-dose group. Both doses demonstrated significant positive effects on plasma lipid metabolism in rats. F7 significantly decreased survival of MCF-7 cells in vitro in MTT assay by dose- and time-dependent manner compared to control. F7 prevented cell cycle progression by significant enrichment in G1 cell populations. Incubation with F7 showed significant increase in the percentage of annexin V-/PI-positive MCF-7 cells and DNA fragmentation. Our results reveal a substantial tumour-suppressive effect of F7 in the breast cancer model. We propose that the effects of phytochemicals present in this fruit extract are responsible for observed potent anti-cancer activities.

Clinicopathological correlates of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka.

PubMed

Selvarajah, M; Weeratunga, P; Sivayoganthan, S; Rathnatunga, N; Rajapakse, S

2016-09-01

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a major healthcare issue in Sri Lanka. This study included 125 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of CKDu undergoing renal biopsy at one hospital from 2008 to 2012. Associations between renal outcome parameters, epidemiological data, and histopathological findings were examined and regression models constructed based on univariate associations with outcome variables as serum creatinine >1.2 and stage of CKD >3. The mean patient age was 46.21 years (standard deviation = 11.64). A marked male predominance was noted. A positive family history of CKD was seen in 35.8%. Prominent histopathological features were glomerular sclerosis (94.8%), interstitial infiltration (76%) with lymphocytic infiltration, interstitial fibrosis (71.2%), and tubular atrophy (70.4%). Importantly, significant histological changes were seen in patients with early CKDu. For CKD stage >3 independent associations were: interstitial fibrosis [P = 0.005; odds ratio (OR) =0.153] and interstitial infiltrate ( P = 0.030; OR = 0.2440. For serum creatinine >1.2, independent predictors were >50% glomerular sclerosis ( P = 0.041; OR = 0.92), tubular atrophy ( P = 0.034; OR = 0.171, and more than 40 residential life years ( P = 0.009; OR = 9.229). Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) appears to be the predominant histopathological finding in patients with CKDu, with significant renal pathology established early on in the course of the disease. Interstitial infiltration appears to be an independent association of advancing CKD, CKDu, histopathology, histology, and TIN.

Clinicopathological correlates of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka

PubMed Central

Selvarajah, M.; Weeratunga, P.; Sivayoganthan, S.; Rathnatunga, N.; Rajapakse, S.

2016-01-01

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a major healthcare issue in Sri Lanka. This study included 125 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of CKDu undergoing renal biopsy at one hospital from 2008 to 2012. Associations between renal outcome parameters, epidemiological data, and histopathological findings were examined and regression models constructed based on univariate associations with outcome variables as serum creatinine >1.2 and stage of CKD >3. The mean patient age was 46.21 years (standard deviation = 11.64). A marked male predominance was noted. A positive family history of CKD was seen in 35.8%. Prominent histopathological features were glomerular sclerosis (94.8%), interstitial infiltration (76%) with lymphocytic infiltration, interstitial fibrosis (71.2%), and tubular atrophy (70.4%). Importantly, significant histological changes were seen in patients with early CKDu. For CKD stage >3 independent associations were: interstitial fibrosis [P = 0.005; odds ratio (OR) =0.153] and interstitial infiltrate (P = 0.030; OR = 0.2440. For serum creatinine >1.2, independent predictors were >50% glomerular sclerosis (P = 0.041; OR = 0.92), tubular atrophy (P = 0.034; OR = 0.171, and more than 40 residential life years (P = 0.009; OR = 9.229). Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) appears to be the predominant histopathological finding in patients with CKDu, with significant renal pathology established early on in the course of the disease. Interstitial infiltration appears to be an independent association of advancing CKD, CKDu, histopathology, histology, and TIN. PMID:27795631

Comorbid Vulvar Lichen Planus and Lichen Sclerosus.

PubMed

Day, Tania; Moore, Sarah; Bohl, Tanja Gizela; Scurry, James

2017-07-01

The aims of the study are to assess the histopathologic characteristics of vulvar biopsies consistent with lichen planus (LP) in women with a previous or concurrent histopathologic diagnosis of vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) and to describe the clinical features of comorbid LP and LS. Patients were included if a diagnosis of LP was confirmed after review of the hematoxylin and eosin slides and the histopathology reporting LS noted a band of abnormal collagen. Data were collected on anatomic site, clinical appearance, histopathology, microbiology, treatment, and follow-up. There were 31 cases with a mean age of 69.5 years. Thirty specimens showed erosive LP, of which 22 were from inner labium minus and 8 from vestibule. There were no significant differences between biopsy site in epithelial thickness, erosion, lymphocytic infiltrate, or basal layer pattern. One third of cases showed a regenerative pattern of LP. Of the 26 patients with clinical records available, erythema at the biopsy site was noted in all cases; in 23 the notes specified central erythema and peripheral pallor. Forty-six percent were prescribed topical corticosteroids before biopsy. All 26 were treated with topical corticosteroids, 23% were prescribed antimycotics, and 38% required other supplemental therapies. Comorbid vulvar LP and LS are not rare; clinicians suspecting one should evaluate for the other and consider separate biopsies of morphologically distinct areas. Clinicopathological correlation is an invaluable tool in assessing biopsies when both diagnoses are suspected, because the regenerative pattern of LP may otherwise be overlooked or misdiagnosed.

Interrater Reliability of the Postoperative Epidural Fibrosis Classification: A Histopathologic Study in the Rat Model.

PubMed

Sae-Jung, Surachai; Jirarattanaphochai, Kitti; Sumananont, Chat; Wittayapairoj, Kriangkrai; Sukhonthamarn, Kamolsak

2015-08-01

Agreement study. To validate the interrater reliability of the histopathological classification of the post-laminectomy epidural fibrosis in an animal model. Epidural fibrosis is a common cause of failed back surgery syndrome. Many animal experiments have been developed to investigate the prevention of epidural fibrosis. One of the common outcome measurements is the epidural fibrous adherence grading, but the classification has not yet been validated. Five identical sets of histopathological digital files of L5-L6 laminectomized adult Sprague-Dawley rats, representing various degrees of postoperative epidural fibrous adherence were randomized and evaluated by five independent assessors masked to the study processes. Epidural fibrosis was rated as grade 0 (no fibrosis), grade 1 (thin fibrous band), grade 2 (continuous fibrous adherence for less than two-thirds of the laminectomy area), or grade 3 (large fibrotic tissue for more than two-thirds of the laminectomy area). A statistical analysis was performed. Four hundred slides were independently evaluated by each assessor. The percent agreement and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between each pair of assessors varied from 73.5% to 81.3% and from 0.81 to 0.86, respectively. The overall ICC was 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.86). The postoperative epidural fibrosis classification showed almost perfect agreement among the assessors. This classification can be used in research involving the histopathology of postoperative epidural fibrosis; for example, for the development of preventions of postoperative epidural fibrosis or treatment in an animal model.

First detection of koi herpesvirus from koi, Cyprinus carpio L. experiencing mass mortalities in Iran: clinical, histopathological and molecular study.

PubMed

Rahmati-Holasoo, H; Zargar, A; Ahmadivand, S; Shokrpoor, S; Ezhari, S; Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H A

2016-10-01

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is the aetiological agent of an emerging disease (KHVD) associated with mass mortalities in koi and common carp and reported from at least 30 countries. We report the first detection of KHV from koi in Iran using clinical, histopathological and molecular studies. KHV-infected fish showed reduced swimming activity, sunken eyes and increased mucus production on skin and fins. On post-mortem examination, gill necrosis was observed in the majority of fish. Histopathologically, the gill showed diffuse necrosis of the branchial epithelial cells. Margination of chromatin was detected in gills, kidney, heart, spleen, intestine and brain. In addition, sequence analyses of the TK gene, ORF 136 and marker I and II, demonstrates that Iranian KHV isolates were identical and classified as variant A1 of TUSMT1 (J strain) and displayed the I(++) II(+) allele of this Asian genotype. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Infrared spectral imaging as a novel approach for histopathological recognition in colon cancer diagnosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nallala, Jayakrupakar; Gobinet, Cyril; Diebold, Marie-Danièle; Untereiner, Valérie; Bouché, Olivier; Manfait, Michel; Sockalingum, Ganesh Dhruvananda; Piot, Olivier

2012-11-01

Innovative diagnostic methods are the need of the hour that could complement conventional histopathology for cancer diagnosis. In this perspective, we propose a new concept based on spectral histopathology, using IR spectral micro-imaging, directly applied to paraffinized colon tissue array stabilized in an agarose matrix without any chemical pre-treatment. In order to correct spectral interferences from paraffin and agarose, a mathematical procedure is implemented. The corrected spectral images are then processed by a multivariate clustering method to automatically recover, on the basis of their intrinsic molecular composition, the main histological classes of the normal and the tumoral colon tissue. The spectral signatures from different histological classes of the colonic tissues are analyzed using statistical methods (Kruskal-Wallis test and principal component analysis) to identify the most discriminant IR features. These features allow characterizing some of the biomolecular alterations associated with malignancy. Thus, via a single analysis, in a label-free and nondestructive manner, main changes associated with nucleotide, carbohydrates, and collagen features can be identified simultaneously between the compared normal and the cancerous tissues. The present study demonstrates the potential of IR spectral imaging as a complementary modern tool, to conventional histopathology, for an objective cancer diagnosis directly from paraffin-embedded tissue arrays.

Histopathological Image Classification using Discriminative Feature-oriented Dictionary Learning

PubMed Central

Vu, Tiep Huu; Mousavi, Hojjat Seyed; Monga, Vishal; Rao, Ganesh; Rao, UK Arvind

2016-01-01

In histopathological image analysis, feature extraction for classification is a challenging task due to the diversity of histology features suitable for each problem as well as presence of rich geometrical structures. In this paper, we propose an automatic feature discovery framework via learning class-specific dictionaries and present a low-complexity method for classification and disease grading in histopathology. Essentially, our Discriminative Feature-oriented Dictionary Learning (DFDL) method learns class-specific dictionaries such that under a sparsity constraint, the learned dictionaries allow representing a new image sample parsimoniously via the dictionary corresponding to the class identity of the sample. At the same time, the dictionary is designed to be poorly capable of representing samples from other classes. Experiments on three challenging real-world image databases: 1) histopathological images of intraductal breast lesions, 2) mammalian kidney, lung and spleen images provided by the Animal Diagnostics Lab (ADL) at Pennsylvania State University, and 3) brain tumor images from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, reveal the merits of our proposal over state-of-the-art alternatives. Moreover, we demonstrate that DFDL exhibits a more graceful decay in classification accuracy against the number of training images which is highly desirable in practice where generous training is often not available. PMID:26513781

Classify epithelium-stroma in histopathological images based on deep transferable network.

PubMed

Yu, X; Zheng, H; Liu, C; Huang, Y; Ding, X

2018-04-20

Recently, the deep learning methods have received more attention in histopathological image analysis. However, the traditional deep learning methods assume that training data and test data have the same distributions, which causes certain limitations in real-world histopathological applications. However, it is costly to recollect a large amount of labeled histology data to train a new neural network for each specified image acquisition procedure even for similar tasks. In this paper, an unsupervised domain adaptation is introduced into a typical deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model to mitigate the repeating of the labels. The unsupervised domain adaptation is implemented by adding two regularisation terms, namely the feature-based adaptation and entropy minimisation, to the object function of a widely used CNN model called the AlexNet. Three independent public epithelium-stroma datasets were used to verify the proposed method. The experimental results have demonstrated that in the epithelium-stroma classification, the proposed method can achieve better performance than the commonly used deep learning methods and some existing deep domain adaptation methods. Therefore, the proposed method can be considered as a better option for the real-world applications of histopathological image analysis because there is no requirement for recollection of large-scale labeled data for every specified domain. © 2018 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2018 Royal Microscopical Society.

Hippocampal atrophy on MRI is predictive of histopathological patterns and surgical prognosis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.

PubMed

Jardim, Anaclara Prada; Corso, Jeana Torres; Garcia, Maria Teresa Fernandes Castilho; Gaça, Larissa Botelho; Comper, Sandra Mara; Lancellotti, Carmen Lúcia Penteado; Centeno, Ricardo Silva; Carrete, Henrique; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão; Scorza, Carla Alessandra; Yacubian, Elza Márcia Targas

2016-12-01

To correlate hippocampal volumes obtained from brain structural imaging with histopathological patterns of hippocampal sclerosis (HS), in order to predict surgical outcome. Patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with HS were selected. Clinical data were assessed pre-operatively and surgical outcome in the first year post surgery. One block of mid hippocampal body was selected for HS classification according to ILAE criteria. NeuN-immunoreactive cell bodies were counted within hippocampal subfields, in four randomly visual fields, and cell densities were transformed into z-score values. FreeSurfer processing of 1.5T brain structural images was used for subcortical and cortical volumetric estimation of the ipsilateral hippocampus. Univariate analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation test were applied for statistical analyses. Sixty-two cases (31 female, 32 right HS) were included. ILAE type 1 HS was identified in 48 patients, type 2 in eight, type 3 in two, and four had no-HS. Better results regarding seizure control, i.e. ILAE 1, were achieved by patients with type 1 HS (58.3%). Patients with types 1 and 2 had smaller hippocampal volumes compared to those with no-HS (p<0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). Positive correlation was encountered between hippocampal volumes and CA1, CA3, CA4, and total estimated neuronal densities. CA2 was the only sector which did not correlate its neuronal density with hippocampal volume (p=0.390). This is the first study correlating hippocampal volume on MRI submitted to FreeSurfer processing with ILAE patterns of HS and neuronal loss within each hippocampal subfield, a fundamental finding to anticipate surgical prognosis for patients with drug-resistant MTLE and HS. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clinical and Histopathologic Ocular Findings in Disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera Infection after Cardiothoracic Surgery.

PubMed

Zweifel, Sandrine A; Mihic-Probst, Daniela; Curcio, Christine A; Barthelmes, Daniel; Thielken, Andrea; Keller, Peter M; Hasse, Barbara; Böni, Christian

2017-02-01

To investigate and characterize clinical and histopathologic ocular findings in patients with disseminated infection with Mycobacterium chimaera, a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), subsequent to cardiothoracic surgery. Observational case series. Five white patients (10 eyes). Analysis of clinical ocular findings, including visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and fluorescein angiography/indocyanine green (ICG) angiography findings, of patients with a disseminated M. chimaera infection. Biomicroscopic and multimodal imaging findings were compared with the histopathology of 1 patient. Clinical and histopathologic ocular findings of M. chimaera. The mean age of the 5 male patients, diagnosed with endocarditis or aortic graft infection, was 57.8 years. Clinical ocular findings included anterior and intermediate uveitis, optic disc swelling, and white-yellowish choroidal lesions. Multifocal choroidal lesions were observed bilaterally in all patients and were hyperfluorescent on fluorescein angiography, hypofluorescent on ICG angiography, and correlated with choroidal lesions on SD OCT. The extent of choroidal lesions varied from few in 2 patients to widespread miliary lesions in 3 patients leading to localized choroidal thickening with elevation of the overlying retinal layers. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography through regressing lesions revealed altered outer retinal layers and choroidal hypertransmission. The ocular findings were correlated with the course of the systemic disease. Patients with few choroidal lesions had a favorable outcome, whereas all patients with widespread chorioretinitis died of systemic complications of M. chimaera infection despite long-term targeted antimicrobial therapy. Ocular tissue was obtained from 1 patient at autopsy. Necropsy of 2 eyes of 1 patient revealed prominent granulomatous lymphohistiocytic choroiditis with giant cells. M. chimaera infection subsequent to cardiothoracic surgery is a novel entity that has been recently described. It involves multiple organ systems and can cause life-threatening disseminated disease. The ocular manifestations documented using multimodal imaging allow us to use the eye as a window to the systemic infection. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced-MR imaging in the inflammation stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice.

PubMed

Yamada, Tomomi; Obata, Atsushi; Kashiwagi, Yuto; Rokugawa, Takemi; Matsushima, Shuuichi; Hamada, Tadateru; Watabe, Hiroshi; Abe, Kohji

2016-07-01

The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the liver kinetics of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) and liver histopathology in a mouse model of NASH by using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Twenty male C57/BL6 mice aged 8weeks were fed a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 2, 4 and 6weeks (MCD groups: MCD 2w, 4w, or 6w). Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of the liver was performed at 2, 4 and 6weeks after the MCD feeding. The signal intensity of the liver was obtained from dynamic MR images and relative enhancement (RE), and the time to maximum RE (Tmax) and half-life of elimination RE (T1/2) were calculated. After MRI scan, histopathological scores of hepatic steatosis and inflammation and blood biochemistry data, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, were obtained. Plasma AST and ALT levels were significantly increased in mice fed MCD. Histopathological scores indicated that steatohepatitis progressed with the MCD feeding period from 2 to 6weeks, but significant fibrosis was observed only in mice fed MCD for 6weeks. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI showed that Tmax was significantly prolonged in the livers of the 6-week group compared to the control group (control, 4.0±0.7min; MCD 6w, 12.1±1.6min), although there was no alteration in the 2- and 4-week groups. T1/2 was significantly prolonged in mice fed MCD for 4 and 6weeks compared to the control group (control, 19.9±2.0min; MCD 4w, 46.7±8.7min; MCD 6w, 65.4±8.8min). The parameters of Gd-EOB-DTPA kinetics (Tmax and T1/2) in the liver were positively correlated with the liver histopathological score (steatosis vs Tmax, rho=0.69, P=0.0007; inflammation vs Tmax, rho=0.66, P=0.00155; steatosis vs T1/2, rho=0.77, P<0.0001; inflammation vs T1/2, rho=0.73, P=0.0003). The liver kinetics of Gd-EOB-DTPA correlated well with the inflammation score in the mouse model of NASH, suggesting the possibility of detecting the steatohepatitis stage without fibrosis by Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparison of semi-quantitative and quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI evaluations of vertebral marrow perfusion in a rat osteoporosis model.

PubMed

Zhu, Jingqi; Xiong, Zuogang; Zhang, Jiulong; Qiu, Yuyou; Hua, Ting; Tang, Guangyu

2017-11-14

This study aims to investigate the technical feasibility of semi-quantitative and quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the assessment of longitudinal changes of marrow perfusion in a rat osteoporosis model, using bone mineral density (BMD) measured by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histopathology as the gold standards. Fifty rats were randomly assigned to the control group (n=25) and ovariectomy (OVX) group whose bilateral ovaries were excised (n=25). Semi-quantitative and quantitative DCE-MRI, micro-CT, and histopathological examinations were performed on lumbar vertebrae at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after operation. The differences between the two groups in terms of semi-quantitative DCE-MRI parameter (maximum enhancement, E max ), quantitative DCE-MRI parameters (volume transfer constant, K trans ; interstitial volume, V e ; and efflux rate constant, K ep ), micro-CT parameter (BMD), and histopathological parameter (microvessel density, MVD) were compared at each of the time points using an independent-sample t test. The differences in these parameters between baseline and other time points in each group were assessed via Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. A Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the relationships between DCE-MRI, micro-CT, and histopathological parameters. In the OVX group, the E max values decreased significantly compared with those of the control group at weeks 6 and 9 (p=0.003 and 0.004, respectively). The K trans values decreased significantly compared with those of the control group from week 3 (p<0.05). However, the V e values decreased significantly only at week 9 (p=0.032), and no difference in the K ep was found between two groups. The BMD values of the OVX group decreased significantly compared with those of the control group from week 3 (p<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy showed tighter gaps between vascular endothelial cells with swollen mitochondria in the OVX group from week 3. The MVD values of the OVX group decreased significantly compared with those of the control group only at week 12 (p=0.023). A weak positive correlation of E max and a strong positive correlation of K trans with MVD were found. Compared with semi-quantitative DCE-MRI, the quantitative DCE-MRI parameter K trans is a more sensitive and accurate index for detecting early reduced perfusion in osteoporotic bone.

How reliable an indicator of inflammation is myeloperoxidase activity?

PubMed

Faith, Minnie; Sukumaran, Abitha; Pulimood, Anna B; Jacob, Molly

2008-10-01

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are often used as markers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether MPO activity is as reliable as IL-6 as an indicator of inflammation. Inflammation was induced in mice, using either turpentine or indomethacin. Duodenal tissue was removed from these animals at various time periods ranging from 6 h to 7 days later. Concentrations of IL-6 and MPO activity were estimated in the tissue. Histopathological examination was also carried out at some of the time periods to determine the presence of neutrophil infiltration in turpentine-treated mice. Concentrations of IL-6 and MPO activity were significantly higher in tissue that had been treated with the agents used, at all the time periods studied, when compared with corresponding control tissue. Fold-increases in MPO activity were higher than fold-increases in IL-6. Concentrations of the 2 parameters showed significant positive correlation. Histopathological examination did not show significantly higher numbers of neutrophils infiltrating the tissue in response to turpentine, at the time periods studied. Estimation of MPO activity is a reliable indicator of inflammation, being more sensitive than histopathological examination of tissue and as good as measurement of IL-6 concentrations.

Permanent alopecia in patients with breast cancer after taxane chemotherapy and adjuvant hormonal therapy: Clinicopathologic findings in a cohort of 10 patients.

PubMed

Fonia, Athina; Cota, Carlo; Setterfield, Jane F; Goldberg, Lynne J; Fenton, David A; Stefanato, Catherine M

2017-05-01

Anagen effluvium with reversible scalp alopecia is a known side effect of chemotherapy. However, there are an increasing number of reports in the literature documenting permanent alopecia in patients treated with taxanes. We sought to describe the clinicopathologic features in breast cancer patients who underwent treatment with taxanes and adjuvant hormonal chemotherapy. We reviewed the clinical and histopathologic information of a cohort of 10 patients treated with taxanes and adjuvant hormonal chemotherapy. We have observed 3 types of clinical patterns of alopecia (types A, B, and C), and have validated the histopathologic features showing alopecia areata-like and female pattern hair loss. The study was based on a small sample size and retrospective retrieval of clinical information and histopathologic review of posttreatment slides. We hypothesize a clinicopathologic model of hair follicle cycle disruption in response to the chemoinflammatory and hormonal insults to the hair follicles resulting in permanent alopecia. Clinicopathologic correlation is paramount to the understanding of the morphobiologic pathways in chemotherapy-induced alopecia caused by taxanes and adjuvant hormonal treatment. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Histopathologic features in actinic cheilitis by the comparison of grading dysplasia systems.

PubMed

Pilati, Sfm; Bianco, B C; Vieira, Dsc; Modolo, F

2017-03-01

This study aimed to determine the histopathologic findings in actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) diagnosed at Federal University of Santa Catarina in order to attempt to predict the evolution from AC to LSCC based on the comparison of two dysplasia classification systems. Histopathologic features were evaluated according to the World Health Organization classification of dysplasia and binary system of classification. Also, in LSCC, pattern, stage of invasion, and degree of keratinization were evaluated. A total of 58 cases of AC and 70 cases of LSCC were studied, and data correlation was performed using statistical analysis. The presence of dyskeratosis and keratin pearls was found to be strongly associated with severe dysplasia and could represent higher proximity between the severe dysplasia in AC and LSCC. Also, changes related to the nuclei, such as hyperchromasia, nuclear pleomorphism, anisonucleosis, increase in the number and size of nucleoli, increased number of mitoses, and atypical mitoses, indicate progression in dysplasia spectrum. Knowledge of clinical and histological features of AC and LSCC leads to better understanding of factors possibly associated with malignant transformation of epithelial dysplasia. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Endoscopic and histopathological analysis of incidental focal colorectal 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in PET/CT scan: Colonoscopic evaluation is warranted.

PubMed

Valente, Michael A

2018-03-01

Unexpected focal colorectal 18  F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake has become a common clinical dilemma. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical significance of incidentally detected colorectal lesions on PET/CT scans by comparing positive PET/CT findings with endoscopic and histopathological analysis. A retrospective analysis of a colonoscopy database was reviewed. All patients that underwent colonoscopy secondary to focal incidental uptake on PET/CT were evaluated. PET/CT findings were correlated with endoscopic and histopathological results. 84 patients underwent colonoscopy secondary to incidental focal colorectal uptake on PET/CT. A total of 63 patients had an endoscopic and histological confirmation of the area of abnormality, for a positive predictive value of 75%. Newly diagnosed colorectal carcinoma was discovered in 13 patients (15.4%) and forty-four patients (52.3%) were discovered to have a premalignant lesion. Incidental focal colorectal uptake of 18  F-fluorodeoxyglucose is associated with a substantial risk of underlying neoplastic colorectal lesions. Early identification of these lesions may alter patient management and treatment plans. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Histopathological vascular investigation of the peritumoral brain zone of glioblastomas.

PubMed

Tamura, Ryota; Ohara, Kentaro; Sasaki, Hikaru; Morimoto, Yukina; Yoshida, Kazunari; Toda, Masahiro

2018-01-01

To date, no histopathological vascular investigation focusing on peritumoral brain zone (PBZ) has been reported for glioblastoma. We analyzed 10 newly diagnosed cases of glioblastomas. For these PBZs, histopathological investigation was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry was analyzed for CD31, CD34, Factor VIII, VEGF, VEGFR-1/2, Ki67, p53 and nestin. Although it was difficult to identify PBZ by H&E, Ki67 and p53 staining, there were apparent differences in nestin staining among PBZ, tumor core (TC), and normal zone (NZ). Therefore, in this study, we divided PBZ from TC and NZ by nestin staining. Differences in histological features, microvessel density, expression of VEGF and its receptors were assessed for PBZ, TC and NZ. The microvessel density, as determined by counting CD31, CD34 and VEGF receptors, and VEGF-A expression were lower in PBZ than TC. The expression patterns for CD31, CD34 and VEGF receptors in vessels show dissociation in PBZ. In addition, the vascular characteristics of the PBZ may correlate with findings of radiographic imaging. We provide the first clinicopathological evidence that PBZ exhibits unique angiogenic characteristics. These in situ observations will help to elucidate the mechanisms of tumor recurrence.

Human papillomavirus prevalence, distribution and correlation to histopathological parameters in a large Swedish cohort of men with penile carcinoma.

PubMed

Kirrander, Peter; Kolaric, Aleksandra; Helenius, Gisela; Windahl, Torgny; Andrén, Ove; Stark, Jennifer Rider; Lillsunde-Larsson, Gabriella; Elgh, Fredrik; Karlsson, Mats

2011-08-01

• To analyse the overall and type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and distribution in penile carcinoma and determine the correlation to histopathological parameters. • In this retrospective study, we analysed HPV status in 241 patients with penile carcinoma, treated at Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden, between 1984 and 2008. Age and date at diagnosis was recorded. • The tumour specimens were categorized according to the UICC 2002 TNM classification. A subset of patients was operatively staged with regard to lymph node status. • A commercially available Real Time PCR was used to detect 13 different types of HPV (6,11,16,18,31,33,35,45,51,52,56,58 and 59). • We excluded 25 patients due to low DNA quality. Of the remaining 216, 179 (82.9%) tumour specimens were HPV infected. The majority of cases positive for HPV (70.4%) were infected by a single-type. The most frequent type was HPV 16 followed by HPV 18. • No significant association between HPV status and pathological tumour stage, grade or lymph node status was found. • The HPV prevalence found is higher than in most other studies, further strengthening HPV as an etiological agent in penile carcinoma. Furthermore, the high prevalence of HPV 16 and 18 raises the question of what potential impact current HPV vaccines that target these specific HPV types might have on penile carcinoma. No significant association between HPV status and histopathological parameters was found in the present study. Additional investigations are needed to draw final conclusions on the prognostic value of HPV status in penile carcinoma. © 2010 THE AUTHORS. BJU INTERNATIONAL © 2010 BJU INTERNATIONAL.

PET/CT with 18F Fluorocholine as an Imaging Biomarker for Chronic Liver Disease: A Preliminary Radiopathologic Correspondence Study in Patients with Liver Cancer.

PubMed

Kwee, Sandi A; Wong, Linda; Chan, Owen T M; Kalathil, Sumodh; Tsai, Naoky

2018-04-01

Purpose To determine the relationship between hepatic uptake at preoperative fluorine 18 ( 18 F) fluorocholine combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) and the histopathologic features of chronic liver disease in patients with Child-Pugh class A or B disease who are undergoing hepatic resection for liver cancer. Materials and Methods Forty-eight patients with resectable liver tumors underwent preoperative 18 F fluorocholine PET/CT. Mean liver standardized uptake value (SUV mean ) measurements were obtained from PET images, while histologic indexes of inflammation and fibrosis were applied to nontumor liver tissue from resection specimens. Effects of histopathologic features on liver SUV mean were examined with analysis of variance. Results Liver SUV mean ranged from 4.3 to 11.6, correlating significantly with Knodell histologic activity index (ρ = -0.81, P < .001) and several clinical indexes of liver disease severity. Liver SUV mean also differed significantly across groups stratified by necroinflammatory severity and Metavir fibrosis stage (P < . 001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 18 F fluorocholine PET/CT detecting Metavir fibrosis stage F1 or higher was 0.89 ± 0.05, with an odds-ratio of 3.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.59, 5.88) and sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 93%, respectively. Conclusion Correlations found in patients undergoing hepatic resection for liver cancer between liver 18 F fluorocholine uptake and histopathologic indexes of liver fibrosis and inflammation support the use of 18 F fluorocholine PET/CT as a potential imaging biomarker for chronic liver disease. © RSNA, 2018.

Does the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 improve accuracy in reporting anterior lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)?

PubMed

Hoffmann, Richard; Logan, Callum; O'Callaghan, Michael; Gormly, Kirsten; Chan, Ken; Foreman, Darren

2018-01-01

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is useful in detecting anterior prostate tumours. Due to the location of anterior tumours, they are often diagnosed with a large size and may be suspicious for extra-prostatic extension (EPE). We aim to evaluate whether PI-RADS v2 is more accurate in assessing anterior prostate lesions identified on mpMRI compared to PI-RADS v1. Patients with anterior prostate lesions diagnosed on mpMRI who proceeded to a cognitive fusion transperineal prostate biopsy were identified. Each mpMRI was blinded and read by two experienced prostate MRI radiologists and assigned a PI-RADS v1 and PI-RADS v2 score, and the presence of EPE was estimated. Correlation was made with transperineal histopathology and, where relevant, radical prostatectomy histopathology. Concordance measures between PI-RADS v1 and PI-RADS v2, and between examiners of the same PI-RADS score were calculated using a weighted kappa. Fifty-eight consecutive men were identified. Concordance between the examiners for PI-RADS v1 and for v2 showed substantial agreement (version 1: weighted kappa 0.71; version 2: weighted kappa 0.69). There was no difference in accuracy when using PI-RADS v1 or PI-RADS v2 to predict clinically significant cancer. There was poor correlation between EPE measured on mpMRI compared with EPE in radical prostatectomy histopathology. PI-RADS v2 is reproducible between radiologists but does not have improved accuracy for diagnosing anterior tumours of the prostate when compared to PI-RADS v1. Multiparametric MRI is accurate at detecting anterior tumours with a sensitivity of 86-88%.

Effect of H. pylori density by histopathology on its complications and eradication therapy.

PubMed

Shah, Dharmesh K; Jain, Samit S; Mohite, Ashok; Amarapurkar, Anjali D; Contractor, Q Q; Rathi, Pravin M

2015-01-01

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes chronic gastritis and is a major risk factor for duodenal and gastric ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and primary gastric lymphoma. Increased gastric bacterial density may lead to increased levels of inflammation and epithelial injury. 1) To study the effect of H. pylori density by histological changes in stomach. 2) To study the effect of H. pylori density on the efficacy of standard triple drug eradication treatment. 3) To study the effect of H. pylori density on the complication related to H. pylori. All the patients visiting gastroenterology OPD with the symptoms of dyspepsia not responding to proton pump inhibitor or having alarm symptoms were subjected to upper GI endoscopy and biopsy. If H. pylori was present they were included in the study. The patients were given standard 14 day triple antibiotic combination for H. pylori eradication. H. pylori eradication was confirmed by urea breath test after six weeks of completion of treatment. Out of 250 patients screened, 120 patients enrolled in the study. On clinical history 41.5% patients had symptoms of heart burn where as 63.3% patients had dyspeptic symptoms. Success rate of anti H. pylori triple drug therapy was 80%. Rate of eradication was significantly lower among the patients with higher H. pylori density (p < 0.05) on histopathology by Sydney classification. Duodenal ulcer, Gastric ulcer and gastric erosion were noted in higher frequencies among the patients with higher H. pylori density (p < 0.05). H. pylori density by histopathology correlates with the complication related to H. pylori i.e. duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis and antral erosions. It also correlates with the success of the standard triple drug eradication treatment.

Accuracy of clinical coding from 1210 appendicectomies in a British district general hospital.

PubMed

Bhangu, Aneel; Nepogodiev, Dmitri; Taylor, Caroline; Durkin, Natalie; Patel, Rajan

2012-01-01

The primary aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of clinical coding in identifying negative appendicectomies. The secondary aim was to analyse trends over time in rates of simple, complex (gangrenous or perforated) and negative appendicectomies. Retrospective review of 1210 patients undergoing emergency appendicectomy during a five year period (2006-2010). Histopathology reports were taken as gold standard for diagnosis and compared to clinical coding lists. Clinical coding is the process by which non-medical administrators apply standardised diagnostic codes to patients, based upon clinical notes at discharge. These codes then contribute to national databases. Statistical analysis included correlation studies and regression analyses. Clinical coding had only moderate correlation with histopathology, with an overall kappa of 0.421. Annual kappa values varied between 0.378 and 0.500. Overall 14% of patients were incorrectly coded as having had appendicitis when in fact they had a histopathologically normal appendix (153/1107), whereas 4% were falsely coded as having received a negative appendicectomy when they had appendicitis (48/1107). There was an overall significant fall and then rise in the rate of simple appendicitis (B coefficient -0.239 (95% confidence interval -0.426, -0.051), p = 0.014) but no change in the rate of complex appendicitis (B coefficient 0.008 (-0.015, 0.031), p = 0.476). Clinical coding for negative appendicectomy was unreliable. Negative rates may be higher than suspected. This has implications for the validity of national database analyses. Using this form of data as a quality indictor for appendicitis should be reconsidered until its quality is improved. Copyright © 2012 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

American tegumentary leishmaniasis: correlations among immunological, histopathological and clinical parameters.

PubMed

Martins, Ana Luiza Grizzo Peres; Barreto, Jaison Antonio; Lauris, José Roberto Pereira; Martins, Ana Claudia Grizzo Peres

2014-01-01

American tegumentary leishmaniasis has an annual incidence of 1 to 1.5 million cases. In some cases, the patient's immune response can eliminate the parasite, and the lesion spontaneously resolves. However, when this does not occur, patients develop the disseminated form of the disease. To investigate the association between clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. A retrospective study of the medical records of 47 patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data were collected, and semi-quantitative histopathological analyses were performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (p <0.05). Mean patient age was 40.5 years. A total of 29.7% individuals were female and 70.2% were male, and 40.4% of the patients were farmers. The ulcerative form was found in 53.2% of patients, of whom 59.6% had lesions in the limbs. The average time to diagnosis was 22.3 months. The following positive correlations were significant: age and duration of the disease, Montenegro reaction, degree of granulomatous transformation and epithelioid cell count; duration of disease, Montenegro reaction and number of lymphocytes; epithelial hyperplasia and edema, hemorrhaging, and epithelial aggression; number of plasmocytes and number of parasites. The main negative correlations found were as follows: age and serology; time and parasite load; epithelial hyperplasia and degree of granulomatous transformation. The long duration of the disease could be explained by the fact that lesions were relatively asymptomatic, and therefore ignored by patients with low literacy levels. Individuals may have simply waited for spontaneous healing, which proved to be dependent on the activation of hypersensitivity mechanisms.

Biochemical Markers of Brain Injury: An Integrated Proteomics-Based Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

levels to track the effects of Dextromethorphan therapy and correlation to histopathology and neurological outcome. 6 First we tested whether...diseases. Neurochem Int. 51:105-111. Shear DA, Williams AJ, Sharrow K, Lu XC and Tortella FC. (2009). Neuroprotective profile of dextromethorphan in...Figure 14. Dextromethorphan decreased GFAP in CSF after PBBI but did not lower other biomarkers. A-H

Immunology and Pathology of Arena Virus Infections.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-15

histopathologic findings; hepatic inflammation, steatosis , lymph node sinus histiocytosis, pneumonitis etc., appeared to be distributed evenly among the two...administration (Tracey, 1988). TNF has been shown to induce hepatic lipogenesis (Feingold, 1987), correlating with the impressive histologic fatty change seen...D. (1990) Lassa Fever. Br. J. Hosp. Med. 43: 186-191. Feingold, K.R., and C. Grunfeld. (1987) Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha stimulates hepatic

Clues in Histopathological Diagnosis of Panniculitis.

PubMed

Llamas Velasco, Mar; Pérez-Gónzalez, Yosmar Carolina; Kempf, Werner; Paredes, Bruno Emilio; Cerroni, Lorenzo; Fernández Figueras, María Teresa

2018-03-01

Panniculitides comprise a group of heterogeneous inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, histopathological study along with clinicopathological correlation usually led to a specific diagnosis. In most textbooks, the first step in the diagnosis is to classify them as mostly septal or lobular depending on where the inflammatory infiltrate is located. The second step is deciding if vasculitis is present or not. Finally, the third step is further characterizing the inflammatory infiltrate. However, in addition to the algorithmic approach to panniculitis diagnosis, some subtle changes may help to the diagnosis. To review some clues in panniculitis dermatopathological diagnosis such as presence of granulation tissue, sclerotic connective tissue septa, small granulomas arranged around a central clear space, so-called ghost adipocytes, needle-shaped crystals, small lobules with a proliferation of capillaries, Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, refractile microspheres, neutrophilic infiltrates, granulomas and fibroplasia or presence of adipose tissue in dermis. We have compiled 12 clues based in our personal experience in this field. Specificity and sensibility of every clue may vary and these clues are a guide to correct diagnoses that should rely in clinicopathological correlation. Knowledge of these 12 clues will help to increase the diagnostic accuracy in panniculitis diagnosis.

F-18 labelled PSMA-1007: biodistribution, radiation dosimetry and histopathological validation of tumor lesions in prostate cancer patients.

PubMed

Giesel, Frederik L; Hadaschik, B; Cardinale, J; Radtke, J; Vinsensia, M; Lehnert, W; Kesch, C; Tolstov, Y; Singer, S; Grabe, N; Duensing, S; Schäfer, M; Neels, O C; Mier, W; Haberkorn, U; Kopka, K; Kratochwil, C

2017-04-01

The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted positron-emitting-tomography (PET) tracer 68 Ga-PSMA-11 shows great promise in the detection of prostate cancer. However, 68 Ga has several shortcomings as a radiolabel including short half-life and non-ideal energies, and this has motivated consideration of 18 F-labelled analogs. 18 F-PSMA-1007 was selected among several 18 F-PSMA-ligand candidate compounds because it demonstrated high labelling yields, outstanding tumor uptake and fast, non-urinary background clearance. Here, we describe the properties of 18 F-PSMA-1007 in human volunteers and patients. Radiation dosimetry of 18 F-PSMA-1007 was determined in three healthy volunteers who underwent whole-body PET-scans and concomitant blood and urine sampling. Following this, ten patients with high-risk prostate cancer underwent 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT (1 h and 3 h p.i.) and normal organ biodistribution and tumor uptakes were examined. Eight patients underwent prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. Uptake in intra-prostatic lesions and lymph node metastases were correlated with final histopathology, including PSMA immunostaining. With an effective dose of approximately 4.4-5.5 mSv per 200-250 MBq examination, 18 F-PSMA-1007 behaves similar to other PSMA-PET agents as well as to other 18 F-labelled PET-tracers. In comparison to other PSMA-targeting PET-tracers, 18 F-PSMA-1007 has reduced urinary clearance enabling excellent assessment of the prostate. Similar to 18 F-DCFPyL and with slightly slower clearance kinetics than PSMA-11, favorable tumor-to-background ratios are observed 2-3 h after injection. In eight patients, diagnostic findings were successfully validated by histopathology. 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT detected 18 of 19 lymph node metastases in the pelvis, including nodes as small as 1 mm in diameter. 18 F-PSMA-1007 performs at least comparably to 68 Ga-PSMA-11, but its longer half-life combined with its superior energy characteristics and non-urinary excretion overcomes some practical limitations of 68 Ga-labelled PSMA-targeted tracers.

The EpiOcular™ Eye Irritation Test is the Method of Choice for the In Vitro Eye Irritation Testing of Agrochemical Formulations: Correlation Analysis of EpiOcular Eye Irritation Test and BCOP Test Data According to the UN GHS, US EPA and Brazil ANVISA Classification Schemes.

PubMed

Kolle, Susanne N; Rey Moreno, Maria Cecilia; Mayer, Winfried; van Cott, Andrew; van Ravenzwaay, Bennard; Landsiedel, Robert

2015-07-01

The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test is commonly used for the identification of severe ocular irritants (GHS Category 1), but it is not recommended for the identification of ocular irritants (GHS Category 2). The incorporation of human reconstructed tissue model-based tests into a tiered test strategy to identify ocular non-irritants and replace the Draize rabbit eye irritation test has been suggested (OECD TG 405). The value of the EpiOcular™ Eye Irritation Test (EIT) for the prediction of ocular non-irritants (GHS No Category) has been demonstrated, and an OECD Test Guideline (TG) was drafted in 2014. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the BCOP test, in conjunction with corneal histopathology (as suggested for the evaluation of the depth of the injury( and/or the EpiOcular-EIT, could be used to predict the eye irritation potential of agrochemical formulations according to the UN GHS, US EPA and Brazil ANVISA classification schemes. We have assessed opacity, permeability and histopathology in the BCOP assay, and relative tissue viability in the EpiOcular-EIT, for 97 agrochemical formulations with available in vivo eye irritation data. By using the OECD TG 437 protocol for liquids, the BCOP test did not result in sufficient correct predictions of severe ocular irritants for any of the three classification schemes. The lack of sensitivity could be improved somewhat by the inclusion of corneal histopathology, but the relative viability in the EpiOcular-EIT clearly outperformed the BCOP test for all three classification schemes. The predictive capacity of the EpiOcular-EIT for ocular non-irritants (UN GHS No Category) for the 97 agrochemical formulations tested (91% sensitivity, 72% specificity and 82% accuracy for UN GHS classification) was comparable to that obtained in the formal validation exercise underlying the OECD draft TG. We therefore conclude that the EpiOcular-EIT is currently the best in vitro method for the prediction of the eye irritation potential of liquid agrochemical formulations. 2015 FRAME.

In vivo MR guided boiling histotripsy in a mouse tumor model evaluated by MRI and histopathology.

PubMed

Hoogenboom, Martijn; Eikelenboom, Dylan; den Brok, Martijn H; Veltien, Andor; Wassink, Melissa; Wesseling, Pieter; Dumont, Erik; Fütterer, Jurgen J; Adema, Gosse J; Heerschap, Arend

2016-06-01

Boiling histotripsy (BH) is a new high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation technique to mechanically fragmentize soft tissue into submicrometer fragments. So far, ultrasound has been used for BH treatment guidance and evaluation. The in vivo histopathological effects of this treatment are largely unknown. Here, we report on an MR guided BH method to treat subcutaneous tumors in a mouse model. The treatment effects of BH were evaluated one hour and four days later with MRI and histopathology, and compared with the effects of thermal HIFU (T-HIFU). The lesions caused by BH were easily detected with T2 w imaging as a hyper-intense signal area with a hypo-intense rim. Histopathological evaluation showed that the targeted tissue was completely disintegrated and that a narrow transition zone (<200 µm) containing many apoptotic cells was present between disintegrated and vital tumor tissue. A high level of agreement was found between T2 w imaging and H&E stained sections, making T2 w imaging a suitable method for treatment evaluation during or directly after BH. After T-HIFU, contrast enhanced imaging was required for adequate detection of the ablation zone. On histopathology, an ablation zone with concentric layers was seen after T-HIFU. In line with histopathology, contrast enhanced MRI revealed that after BH or T-HIFU perfusion within the lesion was absent, while after BH in the transition zone some micro-hemorrhaging appeared. Four days after BH, the transition zone with apoptotic cells was histologically no longer detectable, corresponding to the absence of a hypo-intense rim around the lesion in T2 w images. This study demonstrates the first results of in vivo BH on mouse tumor using MRI for treatment guidance and evaluation and opens the way for more detailed investigation of the in vivo effects of BH. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effect of Curcuma longa and Ocimum sanctum on myocardial apoptosis in experimentally induced myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury

PubMed Central

Mohanty, Ipseeta; Arya, Dharamvir Singh; Gupta, Suresh Kumar

2006-01-01

Background In the present investigation, the effect of Curcuma longa (Cl) and Ocimum sanctum (Os) on myocardial apoptosis and cardiac function was studied in an ischemia and reperfusion (I-R) model of myocardial injury. Methods Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups and orally fed saline once daily (sham, control IR) or Cl (100 mg/kg; Cl-IR) or Os (75 mg/kg; Os-IR) respectively for 1 month. On the 31st day, in the rats of the control IR, Cl-IR and Os-IR groups LAD occlusion was undertaken for 45 min, and reperfusion was allowed for 1 h. The hemodynamic parameters{mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular peak positive (+) LVdP/dt (rate of pressure development) and negative (-) LVdP/dt (rate of pressure decline)} were monitored at pre-set points throughout the experimental duration and subsequently, the animals were sacrificed for immunohistopathological (Bax, Bcl-2 protein expression & TUNEL positivity) and histopathological studies. Results Chronic treatment with Cl significantly reduced TUNEL positivity (p < 0.05), Bax protein (p < 0.001) and upregulated Bcl-2 (p < 0.001) expression in comparison to control IR group. In addition, Cl demonstrated mitigating effects on several myocardial injury induced hemodynamic {(+)LVdP/dt, (-) LVdP/dt & LVEDP} and histopathological perturbations. Chronic Os treatment resulted in modest modulation of the hemodynamic alterations (MAP, LVEDP) but failed to demonstrate any significant antiapoptotic effects and prevent the histopathological alterations as compared to control IR group. Conclusion In the present study, significant cardioprotection and functional recovery demonstrated by Cl may be attributed to its anti-apoptotic property. In contrast to Os, Cl may attenuate cell death due to apoptosis and prevent the impairment of cardiac performance. PMID:16504000

Expression of FAP, ADAM12, WISP1, and SOX11 is heterogeneous in aggressive fibromatosis and spatially relates to the histologic features of tumor activity.

PubMed

Misemer, Benjamin S; Skubitz, Amy P N; Carlos Manivel, J; Schmechel, Stephen C; Cheng, Edward Y; Henriksen, Jonathan C; Koopmeiners, Joseph S; Corless, Christopher L; Skubitz, Keith M

2014-02-01

Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) represents a group of tumors with a variable and unpredictable clinical course, characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of myofibroblastic cells. The optimal treatment for AF remains unclear. Identification and validation of genes whose expression patterns are associated with AF may elucidate biological mechanisms in AF, and aid treatment selection. This study was designed to examine the protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of four genes, ADAM12, FAP, SOX11, and WISP1, that were found in an earlier study to be uniquely overexpressed in AF compared with normal tissues. Digital image analysis was performed to evaluate inter- and intratumor heterogeneity, and correlate protein expression with histologic features, including a histopathologic assessment of tumor activity, defined by nuclear chromatin density ratio (CDR). AF tumors exhibited marked inter- and intratumor histologic heterogeneity. Pathologic assessment of tumor activity and digital assessment of average nuclear size and CDR were all significantly correlated. IHC revealed protein expression of all four genes. IHC staining for ADAM12, FAP, and WISP1 correlated with CDR and was higher, whereas SOX11 staining was lower in tumors with earlier recurrence following excision. All four proteins were expressed, and the regional variation in tumor activity within and among AF cases was demonstrated. A spatial correlation between protein expression and nuclear morphology was observed. IHC also correlated with the probability of recurrence following excision. These proteins may be involved in AF pathogenesis and the corresponding pathways could serve as potential targets of therapy. © 2013 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis by Using Acoustic Structure Quantification US in a Rat Model: Comparison with Pathologic Examination and MR Spectroscopy.

PubMed

Lee, Dong Ho; Lee, Jae Young; Lee, Kyung Bun; Han, Joon Koo

2017-11-01

Purpose To determine factors that significantly affect the focal disturbance (FD) ratio calculated with an acoustic structure quantification (ASQ) technique in a dietary-induced fatty liver disease rat model and to assess the diagnostic performance of the FD ratio in the assessment of hepatic steatosis by using histopathologic examination as a standard of reference. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight male F344 rats were fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet with a variable duration (3.5 days [half week] or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 weeks; four rats in each group). A control group of four rats was maintained on a standard diet. At the end of each diet period, ASQ ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy were performed. Then, the rat was sacrificed and histopathologic examination of the liver was performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance of the FD ratio in the evaluation of the degree of hepatic steatosis. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between the ordinal values, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify significant determinant factors for the FD ratio. Results The diagnostic performance of the FD ratio in the assessment of the degree of hepatic steatosis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 1.000 for 5%-33% steatosis, 0.981 for >33% to 66% steatosis, and 0.965 for >66% steatosis) was excellent and was comparable to that of MR spectroscopy. There was a strong negative linear correlation between the FD ratio and the estimated fat fraction at MR spectroscopy (Spearman ρ, -0.903; P < .001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the degree of hepatic steatosis (P < .001) and fibrosis stage (P = .022) were significant factors affecting the FD ratio. Conclusion The FD ratio may potentially provide good diagnostic performance in the assessment of the degree of hepatic steatosis, with a strong negative linear correlation with the estimated fat fraction at MR spectroscopy. The degree of steatosis and stage of fibrosis at histopathologic examination were significant factors that affected the FD ratio. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Optical coherence tomography monitoring of vocal fold femtosecond laser microsurgery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wisweh, Henning; Merkel, Ulrich; Hüller, Ann-Kristin; Lüerßen, Kathrin; Lubatschowski, Holger

2007-07-01

Surgery of benign pathological alterations of the vocal folds results in permanent disphonia if the bounderies of the vocal fold layers are disregarded. Precise cutting with a femtosecond laser (fs-laser) combined with simultanous imaging of the layered structure enables accurate resections with respect to the layer boundaries. Earlier works demonstrated the capability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for utilization on vocal folds. The layered structure can be imaged with a spatial resolution of 10-20μm up to a depth of 1.5mm. The performance of fs-laser cutting was analyzed on extracted porcine vocal folds with OCT monitoring. Histopathological sections of the same processed samples could be well correlated with the OCT images. With adequate laser parameters thermal effects induced only negligable damage to the processed tissue. The dimensions of the thermal necrosis were determined to be smaller than 1μm. OCT contolled fs-laser cutting of porcine vocal fold tissue in the μm range with minimal tissue damage is presented.

The kidneys and ANCA-associated vasculitis: from pathogenesis to diagnosis

PubMed Central

Rowaiye, Olumide Olatubosun; Kusztal, Mariusz; Klinger, Marian

2015-01-01

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are a group of pauci-immune small vessel vasculitides that often affect the kidneys manifesting as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Although the exact pathogenesis of AAV is not fully known, evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies all point to the involvement of ANCA in the pathogenesis of AAV. In this review, we highlight the contributory roles played by various factors (e.g. genetics, environment, B and T-regulatory cells, toll-like receptors, etc.) in the pathogenesis of AAV. Furthermore, we discuss renal involvement in AAV in terms of clinical features and the various histopathological classification patterns, which are also known to be of prognostic importance. We also present information on useful imaging techniques for localizing kidney and other organ system involvement in AAV, and also on novel laboratory methods and assays useful for rapid and more specific determination of patients' ANCA status. Finally, we demonstrate evidence on novel serum biomarkers that have been shown to correlate with disease activity in AAV. PMID:26034600

Endoscopic fluorescence imaging for early assessment of anastomotic recurrence of Crohn's disease

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mordon, Serge R.; Maunoury, Vincent; Geboes, K.; Klein, Olivier; Desreumaux, P.; Debaert, A.; Colombel, Jean-Frederic

1999-02-01

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. The mechanism of the initial mucosal alterations is still unclear: ulcerations overlying lymphoid follicles and/or vasculitis have been proposed as the early lesions. We have developed a new and original method combining endoscopy of fluorescence angiography for identifying the early pathological lesions, occurring in the neo-terminal ileum after right ileocolonic resection. The patient population consisted of 10 subjects enrolled in a prospective protocol of endoscopic follow-up at 3 and 12 months after surgery. Fluorescence imaging showed small spots giving a bright fluorescence distributed singly in mucosa which appeared normal in routine endoscopy. Histopathological examination demonstrated that the fluorescence of small spots originated from small, usually superficial, erosive lesions. In several cases, these erosive lesions occurred over lymphoid follicles. Endoscopic fluorescence imaging provides a suitable means of investigating the initial aspect of the Crohn's disease process in displaying some correlative findings between fluorescent aspects and early pathological mucosal alterations.

Protective effects of edaravone combined puerarin on inhalation lung injury induced by black gunpowder smog.

PubMed

Wang, Zhengguan; Li, Ruibing; Liu, Yifan; Liu, Xiaoting; Chen, Wenyan; Xu, Shumin; Guo, Yuni; Duan, Jinyang; Chen, Yihong; Wang, Chengbin

2015-05-01

The present study aimed to investigate the combined effects of puerarin with edaravone on inhalation lung injury induced by black gunpowder smog. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (control group, edaravone group, puerarin group, edaravone combined with puerarin group and inhalation group). The severity of pulmonary injuries was evaluated after inducing acute lung injury. Arterial blood gas, inflammatory cytokines, biochemical, parameters, cell counting, W/D weight ratio and histopathology were analyzed. Results in lung tissues, either edaravone or puerarin treatment alone showed significant protective effects against neutrophil infiltration and tissue injury, as demonstrated by myeloperoxidase activity and histopathological analysis (all p<0.05). In addition, combined treatment with both edaravone and puerarin demonstrated additive protective effects on smog-induced lung injury, compared with single treatment. Combination of edaravone and puerarin shows promise as a new treatment option for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Rasmussen encephalitis with dual pathology in a patient without seizures: case report and literature review.

PubMed

Ravindra, Vijay M; Mazur, Marcus D; Mohila, Carrie A; Sweney, Matthew T; Hersh, Aimee; Bollo, Robert J

2015-11-01

Rasmussen encephalitis without seizures is rare. We report a case of Rasmussen encephalitis and cortical dysplasia without epilepsy as well as describe the imaging, pathology, and clinical course and review the literature to investigate whether this may represent a rare subset of Rasmussen encephalitis. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with a history of cognitive decline and right arm weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse left hemispheric cortical and subcortical atrophy suggestive of Rasmussen encephalitis. The patient had no clinical history of seizures, and electroencephalography did not demonstrate epileptiform abnormalities. Craniotomy for open brain biopsy was performed, and histopathologic evaluation identified Rasmussen encephalitis with cortical dysplasia (dual pathology). To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case of Rasmussen encephalitis diagnosed by both imaging and histopathology that had no clinical or electroencephalographic evidence of seizures and is the only case of Rasmussen encephalitis with cortical dysplasia without epilepsy.

Primary extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the vulva.

PubMed

Sawada, Morio; Tochigi, Naobumi; Sasajima, Yuko; Hasegawa, Tadashi; Kasamatsu, Takahiro; Kitawaki, Jo

2011-11-01

Primary extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) of the vulva is extremely rare. There is little available information about the biological behavior and treatment strategy for primary EMC of the vulva. We report a rare case of primary EMC of the vulva treated surgically. A 24-year-old Japanese woman had demonstrated a small and elastic mass of the vulva and underwent enucleation of the mass at a previous hospital, but a definitive histopathological diagnosis was not obtained. Therefore, the patient was referred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment. We histopathologically diagnosed the tumor as primary EMC of the vulva and performed vulvectomy with vulvoperineal reconstruction. Microscopic examination of the resected specimens demonstrated residual tumor nodules of EMC. However, there were no viable tumor cells at the surgical margin. Approximately two years after wide local excision was performed, the patient is doing well and there is no apparent recurrence of EMC. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research © 2011 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Cesarean scar pregnancy and early placenta accreta share common histology.

PubMed

Timor-Tritsch, I E; Monteagudo, A; Cali, G; Palacios-Jaraquemada, J M; Maymon, R; Arslan, A A; Patil, N; Popiolek, D; Mittal, K R

2014-04-01

To determine, by evaluation of histological slides, images and descriptions of early (second-trimester) placenta accreta (EPA) and placental implantation in cases of Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), whether these are pathologically indistinguishable and whether they both represent different stages in the disease continuum leading to morbidly adherent placenta in the third trimester. The database of a previously published review of CSP and EPA was used to identify articles with histopathological descriptions and electronic images for pathological review. When possible, microscopic slides and/or paraffin blocks were obtained from the original researchers. We also included from our own institutions cases of CSP and EPA for which pathology specimens were available. Two pathologists examined all the material independently and, blinded to each other's findings, provided a pathological diagnosis based on microscopic appearance. Interobserver agreement in diagnosis was determined. Forty articles were identified, which included 31 cases of CSP and 13 cases of EPA containing histopathological descriptions and/or images of the pathology. We additionally included six cases of CSP and eight cases of EPA from our own institutions, giving a total of 58 cases available for histological evaluation (37 CSP and 21 EPA) containing clear definitions of morbidly adherent placenta. In the 29 cases for which images/slides were available for histopathological evaluation, both pathologists attested to the various degrees of myometrial and/or scar tissue invasion by placental villi with scant or no intervening decidua, consistent with the classic definition of morbidly adherent placenta. Based on the reviewed material, cases with a diagnosis of EPA and those with a diagnosis of CSP showed identical histopathological features. Interobserver correlation was high (kappa = 0.93). EPA and placental implantation in CSP are histopathologically indistinguishable and may represent different stages in the disease continuum leading to morbidly adherent placenta in the third trimester. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy: clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings in 178 patients.

PubMed Central

Zentner, J; Hufnagel, A; Wolf, H K; Ostertun, B; Behrens, E; Campos, M G; Solymosi, L; Elger, C E; Wiestler, O D; Schramm, J

1995-01-01

The surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy is increasing rapidly. The correlation of preoperative MRI, histopathological findings, and postoperative seizure control is reported for 178 patients with chronic medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy who were operated on between November 1987 and January 1993. Histopathologically there were distinct structural abnormalities in 97.2% of the surgical specimens. Signal abnormalities on MRI were present in 98.7% of patients with neoplastic lesions (n = 79), 76.6% of patients with non-neoplastic focal lesions (n = 55), and 69.2% of patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis (n = 39). Overall, structural abnormalities were detected by MRI in 82.7% of all patients. The mean postoperative follow up period was three years. Some 92% of the patients benefited from surgery: 103 patients (61.7%) were seizure free, 26 (15.5%) had no more than two seizures a year, and 24 (14.4%) showed a reduction of seizure frequency of at least 75%. Fourteen patients (8.4%) had a < 75% reduction of seizure frequency. The percentage of patients who were completely free of seizures after operation was 68.5% for patients with neoplastic lesions, 66.7% for Ammon's horn sclerosis, and 54.0% for patients with non-neoplastic focal lesions. By contrast, none of the patients in whom histopathological findings were normal became seizure free postoperatively. The data show that the presence of focal lesions or Ammon's horn sclerosis as determined by histopathological examination is associated with improved postoperative seizure control compared with patients without specific pathological findings. Brain MRI was very sensitive in detecting neoplasms; however, its sensitivity and specificity were limited with respect to non-neoplastic focal lesions and Ammon's horn sclerosis. Improvement of imaging techniques may provide a more precise definition of structural lesions in these cases and facilitate limited surgical resections of the epileptogenic area rather than standardised anatomical resections. Images PMID:7608662

Estimation of plasma lipids and its significance on histopathological grades in oral cancer: Prognostic significance an original research.

PubMed

Sherubin, Eugenia J; Kannan, Karthiga S; Kumar, Dhineksh N; Joseph, Isaac

2013-01-01

Alterations in the lipid profile have long been associated with various cancers because lipids play a key role in maintenance of cell integrity. This study was to estimate the plasma lipid levels in patients with oral cancer and to correlate the values with the histopathological grades. The study group included 50 patients with oral cancer aged between 20 and 60 years who had visited the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology during the period of September 2005 to July 2007. After the histotopathological confirmation, their plasma lipid levels were estimated using auto analyzer and the data was statistically analyzed. The study revealed a significant decrease in the total plasma lipid levels in patients with oral cancer in comparison with the standard values. Comparing the plasma lipid levels with the histopathological grades, we observed a significant variation in the levels of total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. The variation in the levels of plasma cholesterol and other lipid constituents in patients with cancer might be due to their increased utilization by neoplastic cells for new membrane biosynthesis. This study was an attempt to estimate the plasma lipids in oral cancer patients and its significance on histopathological grades. We observed a relationship between lower plasma lipids and oral cancer. The result of our study strongly warrants an in-depth research with larger samples and a longer follow-up to consider the low plasma lipid status in oral cancer patients as a useful indicator to assess the course and prognosis of the disease.

Systems toxicology of chemically induced liver and kidney injuries: histopathology‐associated gene co‐expression modules

PubMed Central

Te, Jerez A.; AbdulHameed, Mohamed Diwan M.

2016-01-01

Abstract Organ injuries caused by environmental chemical exposures or use of pharmaceutical drugs pose a serious health risk that may be difficult to assess because of a lack of non‐invasive diagnostic tests. Mapping chemical injuries to organ‐specific histopathology outcomes via biomarkers will provide a foundation for designing precise and robust diagnostic tests. We identified co‐expressed genes (modules) specific to injury endpoints using the Open Toxicogenomics Project‐Genomics Assisted Toxicity Evaluation System (TG‐GATEs) – a toxicogenomics database containing organ‐specific gene expression data matched to dose‐ and time‐dependent chemical exposures and adverse histopathology assessments in Sprague–Dawley rats. We proposed a protocol for selecting gene modules associated with chemical‐induced injuries that classify 11 liver and eight kidney histopathology endpoints based on dose‐dependent activation of the identified modules. We showed that the activation of the modules for a particular chemical exposure condition, i.e., chemical‐time‐dose combination, correlated with the severity of histopathological damage in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the modules could distinguish different types of injuries caused by chemical exposures as well as determine whether the injury module activation was specific to the tissue of origin (liver and kidney). The generated modules provide a link between toxic chemical exposures, different molecular initiating events among underlying molecular pathways and resultant organ damage. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Journal of Applied Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID:26725466

Skin aging: in vivo microscopic assessment of epidermal and dermal changes by means of confocal microscopy.

PubMed

Longo, Caterina; Casari, Alice; Beretti, Francesca; Cesinaro, Anna Maria; Pellacani, Giovanni

2013-03-01

Skin aging is thought to be a complex biological process that is traditionally classified as intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Several clinical score and instrumental devices have been applied to obtain a precise assessment of skin aging. Among them, confocal microscopy has emerged as a new technique capable of assessing cytoarchitectural changes with a nearly histopathologic resolution. We sought to determine the microscopic skin changes occurring on the face in different age groups by means of confocal microscopy. The skin of the cheek in 63 volunteers belonging to distinct age groups was analyzed by confocal microscopy. In 4 cases, routine histopathology was performed on site-matched surplus areas from routine excisions for obtaining a better comparison with confocal findings. Young skin was characterized by regular polygonal keratinocytes and thin reticulated collagen fibers. With aging, more irregularly shaped keratinocytes and areas with unevenly distributed pigmentation and increased compactness of collagen fibers were observed. In the elderly, thinning of the epidermis, marked keratinocyte alterations, and huddles of collagen and curled fibers, corresponding to elastosis, were present. A side-by-side correlation between confocal descriptors and histopathologic aspects has been provided in a few cases. Reticular dermal changes cannot be assessed because of the limited depth laser penetration. Confocal microscopy was successfully applied to identify in vivo skin changes occurring in aged skin at both the epidermal and dermal levels at histopathologic resolution. This offers the possibility to test cosmetic product efficacy and to identify early signs of sun damage. Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Sequelae of Bariatric Embolization in a Porcine Model

PubMed Central

Paxton, Ben E.; Alley, Christopher L.; Crow, Jennifer H.; Burchette, James; Weiss, Clifford R.; Kraitchman, Dara L.; Arepally, Aravind; Kim, Charles Y.

2014-01-01

Purpose To evaluate the histopathologic sequelae of bariatric embolization on the gastric mucosa and to correlate with immunohistochemical evaluation of the gastric fundus, antrum, and duodenum. Materials and Methods This study was performed on 12 swine stomach and duodenum specimens after necropsy. Of the 12 swine, 6 had previously undergone bariatric embolization of the gastric fundus, and the 6 control swine had undergone a sham procedure with saline. Gross pathologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical examinations of the stomach and duodenum were performed. Specifically, mucosal integrity, fibrosis, ghrelin-expressing cells, and gastrin-expressing cells were assessed. Results Gross and histopathologic evaluation of treatment animals showed healing or healed mucosal ulcers in 50% of animals, with gastritis in 100% of treatment animals and in five of six control animals. The ghrelin-immunoreactive mean cell density was significantly lower in the gastric fundus in the treated animals compared with control animals (15.3 vs 22.0, P < .01) but similar in the gastric antrum (9.3 vs 14.3, P = .08) and duodenum (8.5 vs 8.6, P = .89). The gastrin-expressing cell density was significantly lower in the antrum of treated animals compared with control animals (82.2 vs 126.4, P = .03). A trend toward increased fibrosis was suggested in the gastric fundus of treated animals compared with controls (P = .07). Conclusions Bariatric embolization resulted in a significant reduction in ghrelin-expressing cells in the gastric fundus without evidence of upregulation of ghrelin-expressing cells in the duodenum. Healing ulcerations in half of treated animals underscores the need for additional refinement of this procedure. PMID:24462005

Peripheral vascular tumors and vascular malformations: imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and conventional angiography), pathologic correlation and treatment options.

PubMed

El-Merhi, Fadi; Garg, Deepak; Cura, Marco; Ghaith, Ola

2013-02-01

Vascular anomalies are classified into vascular tumors (infantile hemangioma) and vascular malformations. Vascular malformations are divided into slow flow and high flow subtypes. Magnetic resonance imaging helps in classification and assessing extent and distribution. Conventional angiography also known as digital subtraction angiography is pivotal in assessment of fine vascular details and treatment planning. Imaging correlates well with histopathology. We review recent development in imaging techniques of various vascular anomalies most of which are affecting the peripheral system which potentially may broaden understanding of their diagnosis, classification and treatment.

Color model comparative analysis for breast cancer diagnosis using H and E stained images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xingyu; Plataniotis, Konstantinos N.

2015-03-01

Digital cancer diagnosis is a research realm where signal processing techniques are used to analyze and to classify color histopathology images. Different from grayscale image analysis of magnetic resonance imaging or X-ray, colors in histopathology images convey large amount of histological information and thus play significant role in cancer diagnosis. Though color information is widely used in histopathology works, as today, there is few study on color model selections for feature extraction in cancer diagnosis schemes. This paper addresses the problem of color space selection for digital cancer classification using H and E stained images, and investigates the effectiveness of various color models (RGB, HSV, CIE L*a*b*, and stain-dependent H and E decomposition model) in breast cancer diagnosis. Particularly, we build a diagnosis framework as a comparison benchmark and take specific concerns of medical decision systems into account in evaluation. The evaluation methodologies include feature discriminate power evaluation and final diagnosis performance comparison. Experimentation on a publicly accessible histopathology image set suggests that the H and E decomposition model outperforms other assessed color spaces. For reasons behind various performance of color spaces, our analysis via mutual information estimation demonstrates that color components in the H and E model are less dependent, and thus most feature discriminate power is collected in one channel instead of spreading out among channels in other color spaces.

Dysplastic naevi: to shave, or not to shave? A retrospective study of the use of the shave biopsy technique in the initial management of dysplastic naevi.

PubMed

Armour, Katherine; Mann, Stephen; Lee, Stephen

2005-05-01

The management of dysplastic naevi is a controversial subject. This study sought to assess the usefulness of the shave biopsy technique in the initial management of dysplastic naevi, and to demonstrate the advantages over the punch biopsy technique. We report a retrospective observational study of histopathology specimens examined in one histopathology practice over a 14-month period. Patients who had a clinical diagnosis of 'dysplastic naevus', which had initially been biopsied using either a shave or punch biopsy, and then followed up with a full-thickness elliptical excision, were included in the study. Histopathological concordance between the shave and punch biopsy specimens and their respective follow-up elliptical excisions was compared. We found that 21 of 22 (95.5%) shave biopsies were concordant with their respective excision specimens, and that 29 of 41 (70.7%) punch biopsies were concordant with their respective elliptical excision specimens. Of the shave biopsy specimens reviewed, 66% showed that the dysplastic naevi were completely excised with the initial biopsy, compared with 21.2% of the punch biopsy specimens. These findings confirm that shave biopsies provide accurate diagnostic information in the assessment of dysplastic naevi. Shave biopsies enable the entire lesion to be submitted for histopathological assessment, improving the chances of an accurate diagnosis.

Automated Segmentation of Nuclei in Breast Cancer Histopathology Images.

PubMed

Paramanandam, Maqlin; O'Byrne, Michael; Ghosh, Bidisha; Mammen, Joy John; Manipadam, Marie Therese; Thamburaj, Robinson; Pakrashi, Vikram

2016-01-01

The process of Nuclei detection in high-grade breast cancer images is quite challenging in the case of image processing techniques due to certain heterogeneous characteristics of cancer nuclei such as enlarged and irregularly shaped nuclei, highly coarse chromatin marginalized to the nuclei periphery and visible nucleoli. Recent reviews state that existing techniques show appreciable segmentation accuracy on breast histopathology images whose nuclei are dispersed and regular in texture and shape; however, typical cancer nuclei are often clustered and have irregular texture and shape properties. This paper proposes a novel segmentation algorithm for detecting individual nuclei from Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained breast histopathology images. This detection framework estimates a nuclei saliency map using tensor voting followed by boundary extraction of the nuclei on the saliency map using a Loopy Back Propagation (LBP) algorithm on a Markov Random Field (MRF). The method was tested on both whole-slide images and frames of breast cancer histopathology images. Experimental results demonstrate high segmentation performance with efficient precision, recall and dice-coefficient rates, upon testing high-grade breast cancer images containing several thousand nuclei. In addition to the optimal performance on the highly complex images presented in this paper, this method also gave appreciable results in comparison with two recently published methods-Wienert et al. (2012) and Veta et al. (2013), which were tested using their own datasets.

Automated Segmentation of Nuclei in Breast Cancer Histopathology Images

PubMed Central

Paramanandam, Maqlin; O’Byrne, Michael; Ghosh, Bidisha; Mammen, Joy John; Manipadam, Marie Therese; Thamburaj, Robinson; Pakrashi, Vikram

2016-01-01

The process of Nuclei detection in high-grade breast cancer images is quite challenging in the case of image processing techniques due to certain heterogeneous characteristics of cancer nuclei such as enlarged and irregularly shaped nuclei, highly coarse chromatin marginalized to the nuclei periphery and visible nucleoli. Recent reviews state that existing techniques show appreciable segmentation accuracy on breast histopathology images whose nuclei are dispersed and regular in texture and shape; however, typical cancer nuclei are often clustered and have irregular texture and shape properties. This paper proposes a novel segmentation algorithm for detecting individual nuclei from Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained breast histopathology images. This detection framework estimates a nuclei saliency map using tensor voting followed by boundary extraction of the nuclei on the saliency map using a Loopy Back Propagation (LBP) algorithm on a Markov Random Field (MRF). The method was tested on both whole-slide images and frames of breast cancer histopathology images. Experimental results demonstrate high segmentation performance with efficient precision, recall and dice-coefficient rates, upon testing high-grade breast cancer images containing several thousand nuclei. In addition to the optimal performance on the highly complex images presented in this paper, this method also gave appreciable results in comparison with two recently published methods—Wienert et al. (2012) and Veta et al. (2013), which were tested using their own datasets. PMID:27649496

In situ assessment of two catfish species (pisces, Ariidae) to evaluate pollution in a harbor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neta, Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho; Junior, Audalio Rebelo Torres; Sousa, Débora Batista Pinheiro; de Sousa de Oliveira Mota Andrade, Ticianne; Torres, Hetty Salvino; da Silva Castro, Jonatas; da Silva de Almeida, Zafira; Santos, Débora Martins Silva; Tchaicka, Lígia

2016-12-01

A histopathological and biometric database for the catfish Sciades herzbergii and Bagre bagre from São Luís Island (Harbor area) and Caranguejos Island (reference area) in Brazil is presented. Branchial and hepatic lesions were classified into three reaction patterns: 1) circulatory or inflammatory disturbances; 2) regressive changes; 3) progressive changes. The total length (Lt), standard length (Ls), furcal length (Lf), total weight (Wt), and gonad weight (Wg) of each fish were recorded. As expected, most populations of catfish considered in this study are highly heterogeneous, with lengths and weights deviating from the reference sample. No histopathological lesions were observed in Sciades herzbergii examined at the reference site (Caranguejos Island). In contrast, 90% of the catfish S. herzbergii from sites located in the Harbor Area (São Luís Island) had one or more types of branchial and hepatic lesions. As opposed to what was observed in S. herzbergii, more than 86.33% of Bagre bagre individuals showed histopathological alterations in both areas. The utility of histopathological lesions and biometric data as sensitive indicators of the health of wild catfish populations has been demonstrated. Sciades herzbergii proved to be a better species for biomonitoring because it was able to differentiate one impacted site (Port Area/ São Luís Island) from a region relatively free of contaminants (Reference Area/ Caranguejos Island).

p53 and PCNA expression in advanced colorectal cancer: response to chemotherapy and long-term prognosis.

PubMed

Paradiso, A; Rabinovich, M; Vallejo, C; Machiavelli, M; Romero, A; Perez, J; Lacava, J; Cuevas, M A; Rodriquez, R; Leone, B; Sapia, M G; Simone, G; De Lena, M

1996-12-20

In a series of 71 patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with biochemically modulated 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate (MTX), we investigated the relationship between the proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (PC10) and p53 (Pab1801) primary-tumor immunohistochemical expression with respect to clinical response and long-term prognosis. Nuclear p53 expression was demonstrated in 44% of samples (any number of positive tumor cells) while all tumors showed a certain degree of PCNA immunostaining. PCNA immunostaining was correlated with histopathologic grade and p53 expression, while p53 was not correlated with any of the parameters considered. The probability of clinical response to biochemically modulated 5-FU was independent of p53 and PCNA expression. p53 expression (all cut-off values) was not associated with short- or long-term clinical prognosis, whereas patients with higher PCNA primary-tumor expression showed longer survival from treatment and survival from diagnosis, according to univariate and multivariate analysis, particularly in the sub-set of colon-cancer patients. We conclude that the clinical response of advanced-colorectal-cancer patients to biochemically modulated 5-FU and MTX cannot be predicted by PCNA and p53 primary-tumor expression, but high PCNA expression appears to be independently related to long-term prognosis.

Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis as a risk factor for colonic neoplasms.

PubMed

Inoue, Izumi; Kato, Jun; Tamai, Hideyuki; Iguchi, Mikitaka; Maekita, Takao; Yoshimura, Noriko; Ichinose, Masao

2014-02-14

To summarize the current views and insights on associations between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related chronic gastritis and colorectal neoplasm, we reviewed recent studies to clarify whether H. pylori infection/H. pylori-related chronic gastritis is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal neoplasm. Recent studies based on large databases with careful control for confounding variables have clearly demonstrated an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm associated with H. pylori infection. The correlation between H. pylori-related chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and colorectal neoplasm has only been examined in a limited number of studies. A recent large study using a national histopathological database, and our study based on the stage of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis as determined by serum levels of H. pylori antibody titer and pepsinogen, indicated that H. pylori-related CAG confers an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm, and more extensive atrophic gastritis will probably be associated with even higher risk of neoplasm. In addition, our study suggested that the activity of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis is correlated with colorectal neoplasm risk. H. pylori-related chronic gastritis could be involved in an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm that appears to be enhanced by the progression of gastric atrophy and the presence of active inflammation.

Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis as a risk factor for colonic neoplasms

PubMed Central

Inoue, Izumi; Kato, Jun; Tamai, Hideyuki; Iguchi, Mikitaka; Maekita, Takao; Yoshimura, Noriko; Ichinose, Masao

2014-01-01

To summarize the current views and insights on associations between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related chronic gastritis and colorectal neoplasm, we reviewed recent studies to clarify whether H. pylori infection/H. pylori-related chronic gastritis is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal neoplasm. Recent studies based on large databases with careful control for confounding variables have clearly demonstrated an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm associated with H. pylori infection. The correlation between H. pylori-related chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and colorectal neoplasm has only been examined in a limited number of studies. A recent large study using a national histopathological database, and our study based on the stage of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis as determined by serum levels of H. pylori antibody titer and pepsinogen, indicated that H. pylori-related CAG confers an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm, and more extensive atrophic gastritis will probably be associated with even higher risk of neoplasm. In addition, our study suggested that the activity of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis is correlated with colorectal neoplasm risk. H. pylori-related chronic gastritis could be involved in an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm that appears to be enhanced by the progression of gastric atrophy and the presence of active inflammation. PMID:24587623

Osteoid producing primary lesion at morphologic and biologic interface.

PubMed

Sarkar, Reena Radhikaprasad

2015-01-01

Fibroosseous gnathic lesions comprise a wide spectrum of diseases. Many of the entities have overlapping features. A pediatric case is encountered with a complex clinicopathologic profile. Although radiographically the lesion appears benign but on histopathological examination it possesses features of osteoid producing aggressive neoplasm. This paper highlights the unusual histologic features existing within the spectrum of fibroosseous lesions and discusses relevant clinicopathologic correlations.

Deep learning for staging liver fibrosis on CT: a pilot study.

PubMed

Yasaka, Koichiro; Akai, Hiroyuki; Kunimatsu, Akira; Abe, Osamu; Kiryu, Shigeru

2018-05-14

To investigate whether liver fibrosis can be staged by deep learning techniques based on CT images. This clinical retrospective study, approved by our institutional review board, included 496 CT examinations of 286 patients who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced CT for evaluations of the liver and for whom histopathological information regarding liver fibrosis stage was available. The 396 portal phase images with age and sex data of patients (F0/F1/F2/F3/F4 = 113/36/56/66/125) were used for training a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN); the data for the other 100 (F0/F1/F2/F3/F4 = 29/9/14/16/32) were utilised for testing the trained network, with the histopathological fibrosis stage used as reference. To improve robustness, additional images for training data were generated by rotating or parallel shifting the images, or adding Gaussian noise. Supervised training was used to minimise the difference between the liver fibrosis stage and the fibrosis score obtained from deep learning based on CT images (F DLCT score) output by the model. Testing data were input into the trained DCNNs to evaluate their performance. The F DLCT scores showed a significant correlation with liver fibrosis stage (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.48, p < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (with 95% confidence intervals) for diagnosing significant fibrosis (≥ F2), advanced fibrosis (≥ F3) and cirrhosis (F4) by using F DLCT scores were 0.74 (0.64-0.85), 0.76 (0.66-0.85) and 0.73 (0.62-0.84), respectively. Liver fibrosis can be staged by using a deep learning model based on CT images, with moderate performance. • Liver fibrosis can be staged by a deep learning model based on magnified CT images including the liver surface, with moderate performance. • Scores from a trained deep learning model showed moderate correlation with histopathological liver fibrosis staging. • Further improvement are necessary before utilisation in clinical settings.

A Clinicopathological Study of Pemphigus in Eastern India with Special Reference to Direct Immunofluorescence

PubMed Central

Chowdhury, Joyeeta; Datta, Pijush Kanti; Chowdhury, Satyendra Nath; Das, Nilay Kanti

2016-01-01

Background: Pemphigus is a group of chronic autoimmune vesico-bullous disorders in which the epidermis and the basement membrane zone are the focus of attack resulting in cutaneous and mucosal blister formation. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) test is a very sensitive test for the diagnosis Aim: To study the clinico histopathological patterns of pemphigus in eastern India. The study also aims to correlate DIF with clinical and histologic findings as well as severity of skin involvement [scoring systems]. Materials and Methods: Total 41 patients were studied over a period of 1 year in the Post-graduate centre of Dermatology in Eastern India. DIF, histopathology and clinical data were correlated. Results: In our study Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was the predominant type with 32 cases followed by 8 cases of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and a single case of IgA pemphigus. Mean age at presentation was late middle age. Majority of the patients, 26 (63.41%) initially had cutaneous involvement followed by mucosal involvement. In this study group 36 (87.80%) patients showed acantholytic cells on histopathological examination. Most patients of PV showed suprabasal blister 20 (62.50%) followed by intraspinous 5 (15.62%) and subcorneal 5 (15.62%) blister. In majority 28 (87.50%) of the PV patients IgG and C3 antibodies were deposited throughout the epidermis. The strength of antibody positivity was strong in most of the patients (71.87%). In cases of PF mostly IgG 6 (75%) antibodies were deposited in the upper epidermis. DIF intensity had poor correlation with disease activity/severity except in PF. Conclusion: Almost 85.36% cases of pemphigus were diagnosed clinicopathologically. But 6 cases couldn’t be diagnosed accurately on clinicopathological basis and in them DIF was confirmatory. Two cases of pure mucosal PV and 1 case of IgA pemphigus was confirmed by DIF. Two cases of bullous pemphigoid clinico-histologically mimicking PV were also excluded by DIF. So it appears from our study that DIF is confirmatory for diagnosis of pemphigus in all cases. PMID:27293249

Multicenter prospective study of magnetic resonance imaging prior to breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer.

PubMed

Liu, Qian; Liu, Yinhua; Xu, Ling; Duan, Xuening; Li, Ting; Qin, Naishan; Kang, Hua; Jiang, Hongchuan; Yang, Deqi; Qu, Xiang; Jiang, Zefei; Yu, Chengze

2014-01-01

This multicenter prospective study aimed to assess the utility of dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer. The research subjects were drawn from patients with primary early resectable breast cancer treated in the breast disease centers of six three-level hospitals in Beijing from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012. The participants were allocated to a breast-conserving surgery group (breast-conserving group) or a total mastectomy group (total mastectomy group). Enhanced MRI was used to measure breast volume, longest diameter of tumor and tumor volume. The correlations between these measurements and those derived from histopathologic findings were assessed. The relationships between the success rate of breast-conserving surgery and MRI- and pathology-based measurement results were statistically analyzed in the breast-conserving group. The study included 461 cases in the total mastectomy group and 195 in the breast-conserving group. Allocation to these groups was based on clinical indications and patient preferences. The cut-off for concurrence between MRI- and pathology-based measurements of the longest diameter of tumor was set at 0.3 cm. In the total mastectomy group, the confidence interval for 95% concurrence of these measurements was 35.41%-44.63%. Correlation coefficients for MRI and histopathology-based measurements of breast volume, tumor volume and tumor volume/breast volume ratio were r = 0.861, 0.569, and 0.600, respectively (all P < 0.001). In the breast-conserving group, with 0.30 cm taken as the cut-off for concurrence, the 95% confidence interval for MRI and pathology-based measurements of the longest diameter of tumor was 29.98%-44.01%. The subjective and objective success rates for breast-conserving surgery were 100% and 88.54%, respectively. There were significant correlations between dynamic enhanced MRI- and histopathology-based measurements of the longest diameter of breast lesions, breast and tumor volumes, and breast volume/tumor volume ratios. Preoperative MRI examination improves the success rate of breast-conserving surgery.

Lesional perfusion abnormalities in Leigh disease demonstrated by arterial spin labeling correlate with disease activity.

PubMed

Whitehead, Matthew T; Lee, Bonmyong; Gropman, Andrea

2016-08-01

Leigh disease is a metabolic disorder of the mitochondrial respiratory chain culminating in symmetrical necrotizing lesions in the deep gray nuclei or brainstem. Apart from classic gliotic/necrotic lesions, small-vessel proliferation is also characteristic on histopathology. We have observed lesional hyperperfusion on arterial spin-labeling (ASL) sequence in children with Leigh disease. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated lesional ASL perfusion characteristics in children with Leigh syndrome. We searched the imaging database from an academic children's hospital for "arterial spin labeling, perfusion, necrosis, lactate, and Leigh" to build a cohort of children for retrospective analysis. We reviewed each child's medical record to confirm a diagnosis of Leigh disease, excluding exams with artifact, technical limitations, and without ASL images. We evaluated the degree and extent of cerebral blood flow and relationship to brain lesions. Images were compared to normal exams from an aged-matche cohort. The database search yielded 45 exams; 30 were excluded. We evaluated 15 exams from 8 children with Leigh disease and 15 age-matched normal exams. In general, Leigh brain perfusion ranged from hyperintense (n=10) to hypointense (n=5). Necrotic lesions appeared hypointense/hypoperfused. Active lesions with associated restricted diffusion demonstrated hyperperfusion. ASL perfusion patterns differed significantly from those on age-matched normal studies (P=<.0001). Disease activity positively correlated with cerebral deep gray nuclei hyperperfusion (P=0.0037) and lesion grade (P=0.0256). Children with Leigh disease have abnormal perfusion of brain lesions. Hyperperfusion can be found in active brain lesions, possibly associated with small-vessel proliferation characteristic of the disease.

Evaluation of confocal laser endomicroscopy for assessment and monitoring of therapeutic response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

PubMed

Karstensen, John Gásdal

2016-11-01

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have been associated with altered intestinal barrier function. Moreover, it has been proposed that a defective barrier function is related to risk of relapse in patients with quiescent CD. Fluorescein-aided confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a novel endoscopic method, which enables real-time in vivo microscopy. Hence, the intestinal barrier function can be assessed as part of endoscopic evaluation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by measuring microerosions and fluorescein leakage into the intestinal lumen. Furthermore, barrier dysfunction can be correlated with biomarkers associated with intestinal barrier impairments. E-cadherin is a key factor for the adherence of epithelial cells and Smad4 is a cofactor in TGF-β signalling, which is compromised in IBD. To correlate ileal and colonic CLE parameters with endoscopy and histopathology in IBD. Further, we wanted to correlate these features with risk of relapse and evaluate whether they were reproducible and reversible after intensified medical treatment. We also wanted to analyse, whether Smad4 and E-cadherin mucosal protein expression levels were associated with impairments of intestinal barrier function. CLE was performed and correlated to histopathology and endoscopic appearance in two prospective studies in CD (n = 39, controls = 11) and UC patients (n = 22, controls = 7), respectively. In the first study, results were correlated to risk of relapse, whereas the latter assessed the reversibility of CLE features in a longitudinal setting. κ-statistics were used in both studies to assess reproducibility of the CLE findings. Furthermore, ileal biopsy specimens from CD patients and controls were stained by immunohistochemistry for Smad4 and E-cadherin and subsequently correlated to the severity of CD and intestinal barrier impairments. We found that fluorescein leakage and microerosions in the terminal ileum were significantly associated with CD com-pared to controls (p = 0.005 and p = 0.006, respectively) and that ileal fluorescein leakage and microerosions could predict relapse (log-rank p = 0.003 and p = 0.017, respectively). In UC patients with clinical relapse, an augmented crypt architecture and colonic fluorescein leakage were significantly correlated to the severity of the disease (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). After intensified medical treatment, a correlation was found between histopathological progress and improvement of abnormal colonic crypt architecture (rs = 0.35, p = 0.016), but we did not observe a resolution of the intestinal barrier dysfunction (rs = 0.09, p = 0.56). The inter-observer variability of CLE parameters ranged from fair to substantial, while the intra-observer variability was somewhat higher. Smad4 expression (rs = 0.56, p = 0.002), but not E-cadherin (rs = 0.01, p = 0.95), was correlated with the severity of the disease; however, Smad4 expression did not correlate with a defect barrier function. CLE can visualise crypt alteration and barrier impairments in both CD and UC, which are otherwise undetectable. Further studies are warranted to incorporate CLE in the endoscopic and therapeutic management algorithm for CD and UC possibly refining the definition of mucosal healing. Smad4 expression was correlated with CD as well as disease severity and may serve as a novel treatment target.

Grape Juice Concentrate Protects Rat Liver Against Cadmium Intoxication: Histopathology, Cytochrome C and Metalloproteinases Expression.

PubMed

de Moura, C F G; Ribeiro, F A P; Handan, B A; Aguiar, O; Oshima, C T F; Ribeiro, D A

2016-07-01

The aim of this study was to investigate if grape juice concentrate is able to protect rat liver against cadmium toxicity. For this purpose, histopathological analysis, cytochrome C expression and immunoexpresssion of metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 were investigated. A total of 15 Wistar rats weighing 250 g on the average, and 8 weeks age were distributed into 3 groups (n=5), as follows: Control group (non-treated group, CTRL); Cadmium group (Cd) and grape juice concentrate group (Cd+GJ). Histopathological analysis revealed that liver from animals treated with grape juice concentrate improved tissue degeneration induced by cadmium intoxication. Animals intoxicated with cadmium and treated with grape juice concentrate showed higher cytochrome C gene expression in liver cells. No significant statistically differences (p>0.05) were found to MMP 2 and 9 immunoexpression between groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate that grape juice concentrate is able to prevent tissue degeneration in rat liver as a result of increasing apoptosis. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

The road map towards providing a robust Raman spectroscopy-based cancer diagnostic platform and integration into clinic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lau, Katherine; Isabelle, Martin; Lloyd, Gavin R.; Old, Oliver; Shepherd, Neil; Bell, Ian M.; Dorney, Jennifer; Lewis, Aaran; Gaifulina, Riana; Rodriguez-Justo, Manuel; Kendall, Catherine; Stone, Nicolas; Thomas, Geraint; Reece, David

2016-03-01

Despite the demonstrated potential as an accurate cancer diagnostic tool, Raman spectroscopy (RS) is yet to be adopted by the clinic for histopathology reviews. The Stratified Medicine through Advanced Raman Technologies (SMART) consortium has begun to address some of the hurdles in its adoption for cancer diagnosis. These hurdles include awareness and acceptance of the technology, practicality of integration into the histopathology workflow, data reproducibility and availability of transferrable models. We have formed a consortium, in joint efforts, to develop optimised protocols for tissue sample preparation, data collection and analysis. These protocols will be supported by provision of suitable hardware and software tools to allow statistically sound classification models to be built and transferred for use on different systems. In addition, we are building a validated gastrointestinal (GI) cancers model, which can be trialled as part of the histopathology workflow at hospitals, and a classification tool. At the end of the project, we aim to deliver a robust Raman based diagnostic platform to enable clinical researchers to stage cancer, define tumour margin, build cancer diagnostic models and discover novel disease bio markers.

Breast Histopathological Image Retrieval Based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation.

PubMed

Ma, Yibing; Jiang, Zhiguo; Zhang, Haopeng; Xie, Fengying; Zheng, Yushan; Shi, Huaqiang; Zhao, Yu

2017-07-01

In the field of pathology, whole slide image (WSI) has become the major carrier of visual and diagnostic information. Content-based image retrieval among WSIs can aid the diagnosis of an unknown pathological image by finding its similar regions in WSIs with diagnostic information. However, the huge size and complex content of WSI pose several challenges for retrieval. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised, accurate, and fast retrieval method for a breast histopathological image. Specifically, the method presents a local statistical feature of nuclei for morphology and distribution of nuclei, and employs the Gabor feature to describe the texture information. The latent Dirichlet allocation model is utilized for high-level semantic mining. Locality-sensitive hashing is used to speed up the search. Experiments on a WSI database with more than 8000 images from 15 types of breast histopathology demonstrate that our method achieves about 0.9 retrieval precision as well as promising efficiency. Based on the proposed framework, we are developing a search engine for an online digital slide browsing and retrieval platform, which can be applied in computer-aided diagnosis, pathology education, and WSI archiving and management.

Simple and robust image-based autofocusing for digital microscopy.

PubMed

Yazdanfar, Siavash; Kenny, Kevin B; Tasimi, Krenar; Corwin, Alex D; Dixon, Elizabeth L; Filkins, Robert J

2008-06-09

A simple image-based autofocusing scheme for digital microscopy is demonstrated that uses as few as two intermediate images to bring the sample into focus. The algorithm is adapted to a commercial inverted microscope and used to automate brightfield and fluorescence imaging of histopathology tissue sections.

Correlation of serum biomarkers (TSA & LSA) and epithelial dysplasia in early diagnosis of oral precancer and oral cancer.

PubMed

Sawhney, Hemant; Kumar, C Anand

Oral cancer is currently the most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths, which is usually preceded by oral pre-cancerous lesions and conditions. Altered glycosylation of glycoconjugates, such as sialic acid, fucose, etc. are amongst the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate usefulness of serum Total Sialic Acid (TSA) and serum Lipid-Bound Sialic Acid (LSA) as markers of oral precancerous lesions and histopathologically correlating them with grades of epithelial dysplasia. Blood samples were collected from 50 patients with oral precancer (Leukoplakia & OSMF), 25 patients with untreated oral cancer and 25 healthy subjects. Serum sialic acid (total and lipid bound) levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Tissue samples from all the patients were evaluated for dysplasia. Serum levels of total and lipid bound sialic acid were significantly elevated in patients with oral precancer and cancer when compared with healthy subjects. Analysis of variance test documented that there is progressive rise in serum levels of sialic acid with the degree of dysplastic changes in oral precancer patients. We observed positive correlation between serum levels of the markers and the extent of malignant disease (TNM Clinical staging) as well as histopathological grades. The results suggested that serum levels of TSA and LSA progressively increases with grades of dysplasia in precancerous groups and cancer group, when compared with healthy controls. These glycoconjugates, especially LSA has the clinical utility in indicating a premalignant change.

Diagnostic accuracy of histopathologic and cytopathologic examination of Aspergillus species.

PubMed

Shah, Akeesha A; Hazen, Kevin C

2013-01-01

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of histopatho-logic and cytopathologic examination (HCE) of Aspergillus species (spp), we performed an 11-year retrospective review to correlate surgical/cytology cases with a diagnosis of Aspergillus spp with their concurrent fungal culture results. Diagnostic accuracy was defined as the percentage of cases with culture-proven Aspergillus spp divided by the number of cases diagnosed as Aspergillus spp on HCE that had growth on fungal culture. Ninety surgical/cytology cases with concurrent fungal culture were reviewed, 58 of which grew a fungal organism. Of these 58 cases, 45 grew an Aspergillus spp, whereas 13 grew an organism other than Aspergillus spp, including both common (Scedosporium, Fusarium, and Paecilomyces spp) and uncommon mimickers (Trichosporon loubieri), resulting in a diagnostic accuracy of 78%. The low diagnostic accuracy indicates that several fungal organisms can morphologically mimic Aspergillus spp and can only be distinguished by fungal culture and DNA sequencing.

Management of thyroid gland invasion in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Arslanoğlu, Seçil; Eren, Erdem; Özkul, Yılmaz; Ciğer, Ejder; Kopar, Aylin; Önal, Kazım; Etit, Demet; Tütüncü, G Yazgı

2016-02-01

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of thyroid gland invasion in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; and the association between clinicopathological parameters and thyroid gland invasion. Medical records of 75 patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent total laryngectomy with thyroidectomy were reviewed, retrospectively. Preoperative computed tomography scans, clinical and operative findings, and histopathological data of the specimens were evaluated. There were 73 male and two female patients with an age range of 41-88 years (mean 60.4 years). Hemithyroidectomy was performed in 62 (82.7 %) and total thyroidectomy was performed in 13 patients (17.3 %). Four patients had histopathologically proven thyroid gland invasion (5.3 %). In three patients, thyroid gland involvement was by means of direct invasion. Thyroid gland invasion was significantly correlated with thyroid cartilage invasion. Therefore, prophylactic thyroidectomy should not be a part of the treatment policy for these tumors.

Tubulointerstitial damage as the major pathological lesion in endemic chronic kidney disease among farmers in North Central Province of Sri Lanka.

PubMed

Nanayakkara, Shanika; Komiya, Toshiyuki; Ratnatunga, Neelakanthi; Senevirathna, S T M L D; Harada, Kouji H; Hitomi, Toshiaki; Gobe, Glenda; Muso, Eri; Abeysekera, Tilak; Koizumi, Akio

2012-05-01

Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in North Central Province of Sri Lanka has become a key public health concern in the agricultural sector due to the dramatic rise in its prevalence and mortality among young farmers. Although cadmium has been suspected as a causative pathogen, there have been controversies. To date, the pathological characteristics of the disease have not been reported. Histopathological observations of 64 renal biopsies obtained at Anuradhapura General Hospital from October 2008 to July 2009 were scored according to Banff 97 Working Classification of Renal Allograft pathology. The correlations between the histological observations and clinical parameters were statistically analyzed. Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy with or without nonspecific interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration was the dominant histopathological observation. Glomerular sclerosis, glomerular collapse, and features of vascular pathology such as fibrous intimal thickening and arteriolar hyalinosis were also common. Although hypertension was identified as one of the common clinical features among the cases, it did not influence the histopathological lesions in all the cases. This study concludes that tubulointerstitial damage is the major pathological lesion in CKDu. Exposure(s) to an environmental pathogen(s) should be systematically investigated to elucidate such tubulointerstitial damage in CKDu.

Nonaspiration fine needle cytology and its histologic correlation in canine skin and soft tissue tumors.

PubMed

Chalita, M C; Matera, J M; Alves, M T; Longatto Filho, A

2001-12-01

To analyze the findings of nonaspiration fine needle (NAFN) cytology as compared with the histopathologic findings in evaluating canine skin and soft tissue tumors. NAFN (21-27 gauge) cytology was performed on 213 cases. Smears were air dried and stained by the Rosenfeld method (May-Grünwald-Giemsa modification). Histopathologic evaluation was available for comparison in 40% of cases. NAFN cytology and histopathology results were compared in 85 dogs. The size of the 117 lesions varied from 0.5 to 2 cm (n=39), 2.1 to 5 cm (n=43), and > or = 5.1 (n=35). There were 22 nonneoplastic lesions, mostly inflammatory processes and cysts. Neoplastic lesions were classified as epithelial (36%), mesenchymal (30%), round cell tumor (n=13) and melanocytic (2%). Among 40 malignant lesions, mast cell tumor (n=14) and hemangiopericytoma (n=9) were the most frequent. Lipoma (n=14) and trichoblastoma (n=10) were the most common benign neoplastic lesions. Cytology showed sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 100%, positive and negative predictive value of 100% and 96%, respectively, and efficacy of 97%. NAFN cytology is extremely useful and accurate. It is safe and avoids the use of anesthesia. Further, it is easy to perform and noninvasive and usually provides a high-quality sample.

Evaluation of jojoba oil as a low-energy fat. 1. A 4-week feeding study in rats.

PubMed

Verschuren, P M

1989-01-01

The nutritional properties of jojoba oil (JO) were examined in a 4-wk feeding study of rats fed a diet with JO at dose levels of 2.2, 4.5 and 9%, supplemented with a conventional fat up to 18%. General health, survival and food intake were not adversely affected. Body-weight gains showed a dose-related decline, which amounted to 20% of the body weight in the high-dose group of both sexes. Clinical chemistry revealed significantly increased levels of various enzymes that were indicative of cell damage. Haematology showed a dose-related increase in white blood cells. On necropsy an apparent distension of the small intestine was found. Histopathological evaluation revealed marked intestinal changes characterized by massive vacuolization and lipid deposition in the enterocytes, accompanied by distension of the villi and an increased cell turnover of small intestinal cells. Faeces production and faeces lipid content were increased with increasing JO levels. The recovery of JO in the faeces also increased in a dose-related manner and was found to be correlated with the intestinal histopathological changes. The significant adverse clinical and histopathological effects observed in this study imply that JO cannot be considered as a promising alternative dietary fat with a low digestibility.

Diagnostic value of the 2011 International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy Terminology in predicting cervical lesions.

PubMed

Fan, Aiping; Wang, Chen; Zhang, Liqin; Yan, Ye; Han, Cha; Xue, Fengxia

2018-02-06

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the 2011 International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) colposcopic terminology. The clinicopathological data of 2262 patients who underwent colposcopy from September 2012 to September 2016 were reviewed. The colposcopic findings, colposcopic impression, and cervical histopathology of the patients were analyzed. Correlations between variables were evaluated using cervical histopathology as the gold standard. Colposcopic diagnosis matched biopsy histopathology in 1482 patients (65.5%), and the weighted kappa strength of agreement was 0.480 (P<0.01). Colposcopic diagnoses more often underestimated (22.1%) than overestimated (12.3%) cervical pathology. There was no significant difference between the colposcopic diagnosis and cervical pathology agreement among the various grades of lesions (P=0.282). The sensitivity, specificity for detecting high-grade lesions/carcinoma was 71.6% and 98.0%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that major changes were independent factors in predicting high-grade lesion/carcinoma, whereas transformation zone, lesion size, and non-stained were not statistically related to high-grade lesion/carcinoma. The 2011 IFCPC terminology can improve the diagnostic accuracy for all lesion severities. The categorization of major changes and minor changes is appropriate. However, colposcopic diagnosis remains unsatisfactory. Poor reproducibility of type 2 transformation zone and the significance of leukoplakia require further study.

Computed tomography as an aid in the diagnosis of chronic nasal disease in dogs.

PubMed

Lefebvre, J; Kuehn, N F; Wortinger, A

2005-06-01

To assess the use of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of chronic nasal disease in dogs. A retrospective study of 85 dogs with chronic nasal discharge due to primary nasal disease, which had undergone nasal CT and biopsy, was carried out. Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, CT findings, endoscopic findings and histopathology. The results obtained via CT were correlated with nasal histopathology and gross anatomical observations were recorded at the time of rhinoscopy. Neoplasia was diagnosed in 37 dogs for which CT typically revealed a soft tissue density associated with extensive turbinate destruction. Inflammatory rhinitis was diagnosed in 40 dogs. CT disclosed either normal turbinate structures or mild to moderate turbinate destruction, with or without the presence of soft tissue densities (mucopus) within the nasal passages. Fungal rhinitis was diagnosed in seven dogs for which CT disclosed extensive turbinate destruction with hyperlucency of the nasal passages. One dog had normal CT and histopathology findings. CT greatly enhanced the ability to diagnose chronic nasal disease in dogs, providing detailed Information regarding the extent of the disease, accurate discrimination of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic diseases, and identification of areas of the nose to examine rhinoscopically and suspicious regions to target for biopsy.

Interactions between cauliflower and Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups with different levels of aggressiveness

PubMed Central

Pannecoucque, Joke; Höfte, Monica

2009-01-01

Background The soil borne fungus Rhizoctonia is one of the most important plant pathogenic fungi, with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. In cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), several anastomosis groups (AGs) including both multinucleate R. solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia species have been identified showing different levels of aggressiveness. The infection and colonization process of Rhizoctonia during pathogenic interactions is well described. In contrast, insights into processes during interactions with weak aggressive or non-pathogenic isolates are limited. In this study the interaction of cauliflower with seven R. solani AGs and one binucleate Rhizoctonia AG differing in aggressiveness, was compared. Using microscopic and histopathological techniques, the early steps of the infection process, the colonization process and several host responses were studied. Results For aggressive Rhizoctonia AGs (R. solani AG 1-1B, AG 1-1C, AG 2-1, AG 2-2 IIIb and AG 4 HGII), a higher developmental rate was detected for several steps of the infection process, including directed growth along anticlinal cell walls and formation of T-shaped branches, infection cushion formation and stomatal penetration. Weak or non-aggressive AGs (R. solani AG 5, AG 3 and binucleate Rhizoctonia AG K) required more time, notwithstanding all AGs were able to penetrate cauliflower hypocotyls. Histopathological observations indicated that Rhizoctonia AGs provoked differential host responses and pectin degradation. We demonstrated the pronounced deposition of phenolic compounds and callose against weak and non-aggressive AGs which resulted in a delay or complete block of the host colonization. Degradation of pectic compounds was observed for all pathogenic AGs, except for AG 2-2 IIIb. Ranking the AGs based on infection rate, level of induced host responses and pectin degradation revealed a strong correlation with the disease severity caused by the AGs. Conclusion The differences in aggressiveness towards cauliflower observed among Rhizoctonia AGs correlated with the infection rate, induction of host defence responses and pectin breakdown. All Rhizoctonia AGs studied penetrated the plant tissue, indicating all constitutive barriers of cauliflower were defeated and differences in aggressiveness were caused by inducible defence responses, including cell wall fortifications with phenolic compounds and callose. PMID:19622152

MR Elastography and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of ex-vivo Prostate Cancer: quantitative comparison to histopathology

PubMed Central

Nir, Guy; Gagnon, Louis O.; Ischia, Joseph; Jones, Edward C.; Chang, Silvia; Yung, Andrew; Honarvar, Mohammad; Fazli, Ladan; Goldenberg, Larry; Rohling, Robert; Sinkus, Ralph; Kozlowski, Piotr

2017-01-01

Purpose 1) to develop a Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) system for imaging of the ex-vivo human prostate, 2) to assess the diagnostic power of mono-frequency and multi-frequency MRE and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) alone and combined as correlated with histopathology in a patient study. Materials and Methods An electromagnetic driver was designed specifically for MRE studies in small-bore MR scanners. Ex-vivo prostate specimens (post-fixation) of fourteen patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were imaged with MRE at 7 T (nine cases had DWI). In six patients, the MRE examination was performed at three frequencies (600, 800, 1000 Hz) to extract the power-law exponent Gamma. The images were registered to wholemount pathology slides marked with the Gleason score. The areas under the Receiver-Operator-Characteristic curves (AUC) were calculated. Results The methods were validated in a phantom study and demonstrated that (i) the driver does not interfere with the acquisition process, (ii) the driver can generate amplitudes greater than 100 μm for frequencies <1kHz. In the quantitative study, cancerous tissue with Gleason score at least 3+3 was distinguished from normal tissue in the peripheral zone with an average AUC of 0.75 (Gd), 0.75 (Gl), 0.70 (Gamma-Gd), 0.68 (ADC), and 0.82 (Gd+Gl+ADC). The differentiation between PZ and CG was modest for Gd (p<0.07), Gl (p<0.06) but not significant for Gamma (p<0.2). A correlation of 0.4 kPa/h was found between fixation time of the prostate specimen to the stiffness of the tissue which could affect the diagnostic power results. Conclusion DWI and MRE may provide complementary information; in fact MRE performed better than ADC in distinguishing normal from cancerous tissue in some cases. Multi-frequency (Gamma) analysis did not appear to improve the results. However, in light of effect of tissue fixation, the clinical implication of our results may be inconclusive and more experiments are needed. PMID:25382459

Reversal of progressive necrotizing vasculitis with intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone.

PubMed

Fort, J G; Abruzzo, J L

1988-09-01

We describe a patient with polyarteritis nodosa who, despite therapy with daily doses of oral prednisone and cyclophosphamide, developed acute renal failure. Renal histopathologic examination demonstrated crescentic glomerulonephritis. Treatment with intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone resulted in clinical improvement and significant recovery of renal function.

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome: a case of tracheal smooth muscle remodeling.

PubMed

Cook, Daniel P; Adam, Ryan J; Abou Alaiwa, Mahmoud H; Eberlein, Michael; Klesney-Tait, Julia A; Parekh, Kalpaj R; Meyerholz, David K; Stoltz, David A

2017-02-01

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare clinical disorder characterized by tracheobronchial dilation and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. While the etiology of the disease remains unknown, histopathological analysis of Mounier-Kuhn airways demonstrates that the disease is, in part, characterized by cellular changes in airway smooth muscle.

Mixed Formulation of Conventional and Pegylated Meglumine Antimoniate-Containing Liposomes Reduces Inflammatory Process and Parasite Burden in Leishmania infantum-Infected BALB/c Mice.

PubMed

Reis, Levi Eduardo Soares; Fortes de Brito, Rory Cristiane; Cardoso, Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira; Mathias, Fernando Augusto Siqueira; Aguiar Soares, Rodrigo Dian Oliveira; Carneiro, Claudia Martins; de Abreu Vieira, Paula Melo; Ramos, Guilherme Santos; Frézard, Frédéric Jean Georges; Roatt, Bruno Mendes; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa

2017-11-01

Pentavalent antimonial has been the first choice treatment for visceral leishmaniasis; however, it has several side effects that leads to low adherence to treatment. Liposome-encapsulated meglumine antimoniate (MA) arises as an important strategy for chemotherapy enhancement. We evaluated the immunopathological changes using the mixture of conventional and pegylated liposomes with MA. The mice were infected with Leishmania infantum and a single-dose treatment regimen. Comparison was made with groups treated with saline, empty liposomes, free MA, and a liposomal formulation of MA (Lipo MA). Histopathological analyses demonstrated that animals treated with Lipo MA showed a significant decrease in the inflammatory process and the absence of granulomas. The in vitro stimulation of splenocytes showed a significant increase of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) produced by CD8 + T cells and a decrease in interleukin-10 (IL-10) produced by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the Lipo MA. Furthermore, the Lipo MA group showed an increase in the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio in both CD4 + and CD8 + T cell subsets. According to the parasite load evaluation using quantitative PCR, the Lipo MA group showed no L. infantum DNA in the spleen (0.0%) and 41.4% in the liver. In addition, we detected a low positive correlation between parasitism and histopathology findings (inflammatory process and granuloma formation). Thus, our results confirmed that Lipo MA is a promising antileishmanial formulation able to reduce the inflammatory response and induce a type 1 immune response, accompanied by a significant reduction of the parasite burden into hepatic and splenic compartments in treated animals. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

Mixed Formulation of Conventional and Pegylated Meglumine Antimoniate-Containing Liposomes Reduces Inflammatory Process and Parasite Burden in Leishmania infantum-Infected BALB/c Mice

PubMed Central

Reis, Levi Eduardo Soares; Fortes de Brito, Rory Cristiane; Cardoso, Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira; Mathias, Fernando Augusto Siqueira; Aguiar Soares, Rodrigo Dian Oliveira; Carneiro, Claudia Martins; de Abreu Vieira, Paula Melo; Ramos, Guilherme Santos; Frézard, Frédéric Jean Georges; Roatt, Bruno Mendes

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Pentavalent antimonial has been the first choice treatment for visceral leishmaniasis; however, it has several side effects that leads to low adherence to treatment. Liposome-encapsulated meglumine antimoniate (MA) arises as an important strategy for chemotherapy enhancement. We evaluated the immunopathological changes using the mixture of conventional and pegylated liposomes with MA. The mice were infected with Leishmania infantum and a single-dose treatment regimen. Comparison was made with groups treated with saline, empty liposomes, free MA, and a liposomal formulation of MA (Lipo MA). Histopathological analyses demonstrated that animals treated with Lipo MA showed a significant decrease in the inflammatory process and the absence of granulomas. The in vitro stimulation of splenocytes showed a significant increase of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) produced by CD8+ T cells and a decrease in interleukin-10 (IL-10) produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the Lipo MA. Furthermore, the Lipo MA group showed an increase in the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. According to the parasite load evaluation using quantitative PCR, the Lipo MA group showed no L. infantum DNA in the spleen (0.0%) and 41.4% in the liver. In addition, we detected a low positive correlation between parasitism and histopathology findings (inflammatory process and granuloma formation). Thus, our results confirmed that Lipo MA is a promising antileishmanial formulation able to reduce the inflammatory response and induce a type 1 immune response, accompanied by a significant reduction of the parasite burden into hepatic and splenic compartments in treated animals. PMID:28827416

Fontan-associated liver disease: Spectrum of US findings.

PubMed

Bae, Jung Min; Jeon, Tae Yeon; Kim, Jung Sun; Kim, Seokhwi; Hwang, Sook Min; Yoo, So-Young; Kim, Ji Hye

2016-04-01

To describe ultrasonography (US) findings of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) and to determine whether screening US examinations can identify FALD before biochemical hepatic dysfunction. This retrospective study included 55 patients who underwent Fontan procedure over a 20-year period. Hepatobiliary US findings (n=55), CT or MRI findings (n=19), biochemical hepatic function tests (n=49), and histopathological results (n=4) were analyzed. Images were reviewed focusing on the hepatic parenchymal changes, presence of focal lesions, and signs of portal hypertension. Hepatic parenchymal changes (either heterogeneous echotexture or surface nodularity) evident on US were present in 67% (37/55) and showed positive correlation with the Fontan duration. Hyper-echoic lesions were noted in 35% (19/55) and showed a predilection for multiplicity, small size, right lobe location, and irregular margin on high-frequency transducer. These lesions were not demonstrated by CT or MRI or by low-frequency transducer. Histopathological results of targeted biopsy for hyper-echoic lesions revealed lesser degree of patchy sinusoidal and portal fibrosis than seen in cases with surface nodularity. Abnormal parenchymal enhancement was commonly seen with CT or MRI in 63% (12/19) and hypervascular nodules in 21% (4/19). Most patients (82%, 40/49) showed normal biochemical hepatic function tests, despite the presence of hepatic parenchymal changes on imaging. The common US findings of FALD included heterogeneous parenchymal echotexture, surface nodularity, and hyper-echoic lesions. We suggest that hyper-echoic lesions without surface nodularity detected by high-frequency transducer may represent the early stage of fibrosis. US examination may be useful for identifying the progression of FALD before biochemical hepatic dysfunction. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Histopathological alterations in the gills of Nile tilapia exposed to carbofuran and multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

PubMed

Campos-Garcia, Janaína; Martinez, Diego Stéfani Teodoro; Rezende, Karina Fernandes Oliveira; da Silva, José Roberto Machado Cunha; Alves, Oswaldo Luiz; Barbieri, Edison

2016-11-01

Carbofuran is a nematicide insecticide with a broad spectrum of action. Carbofuran has noxious effects in several species and has been banned in the USA and Europe; however, it is still used in Brazil. Aquatic organisms are not only exposed to pesticides but also to manufactured nanoparticles, and the potential interaction of these compounds therefore requires investigation. The aim of this study was to examine the histopathological alterations in the gills of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to determine possible effects of exposure to carbofuran, nitric acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (HNO3-MWCNTs) and the combination of carbofuran with nanotubes. Juvenile fish were exposed to different concentrations of carbofuran (0.1, 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0mg/L), different concentrations of HNO3-MWCNTs (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mg/L) or different concentrations of carbofuran (0.1, 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0mg/L) with 1.0mg/L of HNO3-MWCNTs. After 24h of exposure, the animals were removed from the aquarium, the spinal cord was transversely sectioned, and the second gill arch was removed for histological evaluation. Common histological changes included dislocation of the epithelial cells, hyperplasia of the epithelial cells along the secondary lamellae, aneurism, and dilation and disarrangement of the capillaries. All the groups exposed to carbofuran demonstrated a dose-dependent correlation in the Histological Alteration Index; the values found for carbofuran and carbon nanotubes were up to 25% greater than for carbofuran alone. This result indicates an interaction between these toxicants, with enhanced ecotoxic effects. This work contributes to the understanding of the environmental impacts of nanomaterials on aquatic organisms, which is necessary for the sustainable development of nanotechnologies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

MicroPET/CT Imaging of an Orthotopic Model of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme and Evaluation of Pulsed Low-Dose Irradiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Park, Sean S.; Chunta, John L.; Robertson, John M.

2011-07-01

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive tumor that typically causes death due to local progression. To assess a novel low-dose radiotherapy regimen for treating GBM, we developed an orthotopic murine model of human GBM and evaluated in vivo treatment efficacy using micro-positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) tumor imaging. Methods: Orthotopic GBM xenografts were established in nude mice and treated with standard 2-Gy fractionation or 10 0.2-Gy pulses with 3-min interpulse intervals, for 7 consecutive days, for a total dose of 14 Gy. Tumor growth was quantified weekly using the Flex Triumph (GE Healthcare/Gamma Medica-Ideas, Waukesha, WI) combined PET-single-photon emission CTmore » (SPECT)-CT imaging system and necropsy histopathology. Normal tissue damage was assessed by counting dead neural cells in tissue sections from irradiated fields. Results: Tumor engraftment efficiency for U87MG cells was 86%. Implanting 0.5 x 10{sup 6} cells produced a 50- to 70-mm{sup 3} tumor in 10 to 14 days. A significant correlation was seen between CT-derived tumor volume and histopathology-measured volume (p = 0.018). The low-dose 0.2-Gy pulsed regimen produced a significantly longer tumor growth delay than standard 2-Gy fractionation (p = 0.045). Less normal neuronal cell death was observed after the pulsed delivery method (p = 0.004). Conclusion: This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo brain tumor imaging and longitudinal assessment of tumor growth and treatment response with microPET/CT. Pulsed radiation treatment was more efficacious than the standard fractionated treatment and was associated with less normal tissue damage.« less

MicroPET/CT imaging of an orthotopic model of human glioblastoma multiforme and evaluation of pulsed low-dose irradiation.

PubMed

Park, Sean S; Chunta, John L; Robertson, John M; Martinez, Alvaro A; Oliver Wong, Ching-Yee; Amin, Mitual; Wilson, George D; Marples, Brian

2011-07-01

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive tumor that typically causes death due to local progression. To assess a novel low-dose radiotherapy regimen for treating GBM, we developed an orthotopic murine model of human GBM and evaluated in vivo treatment efficacy using micro-positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) tumor imaging. Orthotopic GBM xenografts were established in nude mice and treated with standard 2-Gy fractionation or 10 0.2-Gy pulses with 3-min interpulse intervals, for 7 consecutive days, for a total dose of 14 Gy. Tumor growth was quantified weekly using the Flex Triumph (GE Healthcare/Gamma Medica-Ideas, Waukesha, WI) combined PET-single-photon emission CT (SPECT)-CT imaging system and necropsy histopathology. Normal tissue damage was assessed by counting dead neural cells in tissue sections from irradiated fields. Tumor engraftment efficiency for U87MG cells was 86%. Implanting 0.5 × 10(6) cells produced a 50- to 70-mm(3) tumor in 10 to 14 days. A significant correlation was seen between CT-derived tumor volume and histopathology-measured volume (p = 0.018). The low-dose 0.2-Gy pulsed regimen produced a significantly longer tumor growth delay than standard 2-Gy fractionation (p = 0.045). Less normal neuronal cell death was observed after the pulsed delivery method (p = 0.004). This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo brain tumor imaging and longitudinal assessment of tumor growth and treatment response with microPET/CT. Pulsed radiation treatment was more efficacious than the standard fractionated treatment and was associated with less normal tissue damage. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fatty Acid Metabolism is Associated With Disease Severity After H7N9 Infection.

PubMed

Sun, Xin; Song, Lijia; Feng, Shuang; Li, Li; Yu, Hongzhi; Wang, Qiaoxing; Wang, Xing; Hou, Zhili; Li, Xue; Li, Yu; Zhang, Qiuyang; Li, Kuan; Cui, Chao; Wu, Junping; Qin, Zhonghua; Wu, Qi; Chen, Huaiyong

2018-06-22

Human infections with the H7N9 virus could lead to lung damage and even multiple organ failure, which is closely associated with a high mortality rate. However, the metabolic basis of such systemic alterations remains unknown. This study included hospitalized patients (n = 4) with laboratory-confirmed H7N9 infection, healthy controls (n = 9), and two disease control groups comprising patients with pneumonia (n = 9) and patients with pneumonia who received steroid treatment (n = 10). One H7N9-infected patient underwent lung biopsy for histopathological analysis and expression analysis of genes associated with lung homeostasis. H7N9-induced systemic alterations were investigated using metabolomic analysis of sera collected from the four patients by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chest digital radiography and laboratory tests were also conducted. Two of the four patients did not survive the clinical treatments with antiviral medication, steroids, and oxygen therapy. Biopsy revealed disrupted expression of genes associated with lung epithelial integrity. Histopathological analysis demonstrated severe lung inflammation after H7N9 infection. Metabolomic analysis indicated that fatty acid metabolism may be inhibited during H7N9 infection. Serum levels of palmitic acid, erucic acid, and phytal may negatively correlate with the extent of lung inflammation after H7N9 infection. The changes in fatty acid levels may not be due to steroid treatment or pneumonia. Altered structural and secretory properties of the lung epithelium may be associated with the severity of H7N9-infection-induced lung disease. Moreover, fatty acid metabolism level may predict a fatal outcome after H7N9 virus infection. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Wenhu, E-mail: wenhu.huang@pfizer.com; Collette, Walter; Twamley, Michelle

Retinal ocular toxicity is among the leading causes of drug development attrition in the pharmaceutical industry. Electroretinography (ERG) is a non-invasive functional assay used to assess neuro-retinal physiological integrity by measuring the electrical responses. To directly assess the utility of ERG, a series of studies was conducted following intravitreal and/or iv administration of pan-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: AG-012,986 and AG-024,322 in rats. Both compounds have previously shown to induce retinal toxicity. Retinal injury was evaluated by ERG, histopathology and TUNEL staining. Intravitreal injection of AG-012,986 at ≥ 10 μg/eye resulted in decreases (60%) in ERG b-wave and microscopic changes of mildmore » to moderate retinal degeneration, and at 30 μg/eye led to additional ophthalmic findings. Intravenous administration of AG-012,986 daily at ≥ 5 mg/kg resulted in dose-related decreases (25 to 40%) in b-wave and sporadic to intense positive TUNEL staining. Intravitreal injection of AG-024,322 at 30 μg/eye also resulted in decreases (50 to 60%) in b-wave, mild to marked retinal degeneration and mild vitreous debris. These experiments demonstrate that ERG can be used as a sensitive and reliable functional tool to evaluate retinal toxicity induced by test compounds in rats complementing other classical ocular safety measurements. - Highlights: • There were strong correlations of ERG readouts to in vivo ophthalmic exams, TUNEL assay, and histopathology. • ERG appears to be more sensitive and can detect retinal functional changes at a very early stage of pathogenesis. • ERG can be incorporated into routine exploratory toxicity study to identify compound ocular safety issues. • In drug discovery, ERG is a quick, non-invasive, sensitive and reliable tool in retinal toxicity de-risking.« less

Assessment of the diagnostic performance and interobserver variability of endocytoscopy in Barrett’s esophagus: A pilot ex-vivo study

PubMed Central

Tomizawa, Yutaka; Iyer, Prasad G; Wongkeesong, Louis M; Buttar, Navtej S; Lutzke, Lori S; Wu, Tsung-Teh; Wang, Kenneth K

2013-01-01

AIM: To investigate a classification of endocytoscopy (ECS) images in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and evaluate its diagnostic performance and interobserver variability. METHODS: ECS was applied to surveillance endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens of BE ex-vivo. The mucosal surface of specimen was stained with 1% methylene blue and surveyed with a catheter-type endocytoscope. We selected still images that were most representative of the endoscopically suspect lesion and matched with the final histopathological diagnosis to accomplish accurate correlation. The diagnostic performance and inter-observer variability of the new classification scheme were assessed in a blinded fashion by physicians with expertise in both BE and ECS and inexperienced physicians with no prior exposure to ECS. RESULTS: Three staff physicians and 22 gastroenterology fellows classified eight randomly assigned unknown still ECS pictures (two images per each classification) into one of four histopathologic categories as follows: (1) BEC1-squamous epithelium; (2) BEC2-BE without dysplasia; (3) BEC3-BE with dysplasia; and (4) BEC4-esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in BE. Accuracy of diagnosis in staff physicians and clinical fellows were, respectively, 100% and 99.4% for BEC1, 95.8% and 83.0% for BEC2, 91.7% and 83.0% for BEC3, and 95.8% and 98.3% for BEC4. Interobserver agreement of the faculty physicians and fellows in classifying each category were 0.932 and 0.897, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate classification system of ECS in BE. This ex-vivo pilot study demonstrated acceptable diagnostic accuracy and excellent interobserver agreement. PMID:24379583

Multimodal Characterization of the Late Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Methodological Overview of the Late Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury Project.

PubMed

Edlow, Brian L; Keene, C Dirk; Perl, Daniel P; Iacono, Diego; Folkerth, Rebecca D; Stewart, William; Mac Donald, Christine L; Augustinack, Jean; Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon; Estrada, Camilo; Flannery, Elissa; Gordon, Wayne A; Grabowski, Thomas J; Hansen, Kelly; Hoffman, Jeanne; Kroenke, Christopher; Larson, Eric B; Lee, Patricia; Mareyam, Azma; McNab, Jennifer A; McPhee, Jeanne; Moreau, Allison L; Renz, Anne; Richmire, KatieRose; Stevens, Allison; Tang, Cheuk Y; Tirrell, Lee S; Trittschuh, Emily H; van der Kouwe, Andre; Varjabedian, Ani; Wald, Lawrence L; Wu, Ona; Yendiki, Anastasia; Young, Liza; Zöllei, Lilla; Fischl, Bruce; Crane, Paul K; Dams-O'Connor, Kristen

2018-05-03

Epidemiological studies suggest that a single moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Histopathological studies describe complex neurodegenerative pathologies in individuals exposed to single moderate-to-severe TBI or repetitive mild TBI, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). However, the clinicopathological links between TBI and post-traumatic neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, PD, and CTE remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the methodology of the Late Effects of TBI (LETBI) study, whose goals are to characterize chronic post-traumatic neuropathology and to identify in vivo biomarkers of post-traumatic neurodegeneration. LETBI participants undergo extensive clinical evaluation using National Institutes of Health TBI Common Data Elements, proteomic and genomic analysis, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and prospective consent for brain donation. Selected brain specimens undergo ultra-high resolution ex vivo MRI and histopathological evaluation including whole-mount analysis. Co-registration of ex vivo and in vivo MRI data enables identification of ex vivo lesions that were present during life. In vivo signatures of postmortem pathology are then correlated with cognitive and behavioral data to characterize the clinical phenotype(s) associated with pathological brain lesions. We illustrate the study methods and demonstrate proof of concept for this approach by reporting results from the first LETBI participant, who despite the presence of multiple in vivo and ex vivo pathoanatomic lesions had normal cognition and was functionally independent until her mid-80s. The LETBI project represents a multidisciplinary effort to characterize post-traumatic neuropathology and identify in vivo signatures of postmortem pathology in a prospective study.

Quantitative pre-clinical screening of therapeutics for joint diseases using contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography.

PubMed

Willett, N J; Thote, T; Hart, M; Moran, S; Guldberg, R E; Kamath, R V

2016-09-01

The development of effective therapies for cartilage protection has been limited by a lack of efficient quantitative cartilage imaging modalities in pre-clinical in vivo models. Our objectives were two-fold: first, to validate a new contrast-enhanced 3D imaging analysis technique, equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent-micro computed tomography (EPIC-μCT), in a rat medial meniscal transection (MMT) osteoarthritis (OA) model; and second, to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of EPIC-μCT to detect the effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) therapy on cartilage degeneration. Rats underwent MMT surgery and tissues were harvested at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-surgery or rats received an MMPi or vehicle treatment and tissues harvested 3 weeks post-surgery. Parameters of disease progression were evaluated using histopathology and EPIC-μCT. Correlations and power analyses were performed to compare the techniques. EPIC-μCT was shown to provide simultaneous 3D quantification of multiple parameters, including cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation. In MMT animals treated with MMPi, OA progression was attenuated, as measured by 3D parameters such as lesion volume and osteophyte size. A post-hoc power analysis showed that 3D parameters for EPIC-μCT were more sensitive than 2D parameters requiring fewer animals to detect a therapeutic effect of MMPi. 2D parameters were comparable between EPIC-μCT and histopathology. This study demonstrated that EPIC-μCT has high sensitivity to provide 3D structural and compositional measurements of cartilage and bone in the joint. EPIC-μCT can be used in combination with histology to provide a comprehensive analysis to screen new potential therapies. Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of maedi-visna infection in culled ewes in Alberta

PubMed Central

Fournier, Dominique; Campbell, John R.

2006-01-01

Abstract Maedi-visna (MV) is a relatively common chronic infection of sheep in North America resulting in economic loss to the sheep industry. The objectives of this study were to: 1) measure the prevalence of MV infection in culled ewes in Alberta, by histologic examination (lungs and udder) and serologic testing using an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, 2) examine any geographic differences in its prevalence in the province, 3) evaluate the level of agreement between histopathologic examination and serologic testing, 4) grade the lesions and correlate the serologic results with the presence of severe histological lesions, and 5) correlate the presence of histological lesions in the lungs and udder in the same animal. Based on histologic findings, the prevalence of MV was 26.8%, compared with 13.0% using serologic testing. There were no significant geographical differences in prevalence, fair agreement (kappa = 42.0%) between histopathologic and serologic results, and poor agreement (kappa = 11.5%) between the presence of lung and udder histological lesions within the same animal. This study indicates that MV is relatively common in culled ewes in Alberta, with no significant geographic variation. The poor sensitivity of the AGID test, compared with histologic examination, should be taken into consideration when interpreting serologic results. PMID:16734372

Using synchrotron radiation angiography with a highly sensitive detector to identify impaired peripheral perfusion in rat pulmonary emphysema

PubMed Central

Ito, Hiromichi; Matsushita, Shonosuke; Hyodo, Kazuyuki; Sato, Yukio; Sakakibara, Yuzuru

2013-01-01

Owing to limitations in spatial resolution and sensitivity, it is difficult for conventional angiography to detect minute changes of perfusion in diffuse lung diseases, including pulmonary emphysema (PE). However, a high-gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor (HARP) detector can give high sensitivity to synchrotron radiation (SR) angiography. SR angiography with a HARP detector provides high spatial resolution and sensitivity in addition to time resolution owing to its angiographic nature. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether this SR angiography with a HARP detector could evaluate altered microcirculation in PE. Two groups of rats were used: group PE and group C (control). Transvenous SR angiography with a HARP detector was performed and histopathological findings were compared. Peak density of contrast material in peripheral lung was lower in group PE than group C (p < 0.01). The slope of the linear regression line in scattering diagrams was also lower in group PE than C (p < 0.05). The correlation between the slope and extent of PE in histopathology showed significant negative correlation (p < 0.05, r = 0.61). SR angiography with a HARP detector made it possible to identify impaired microcirculation in PE by means of its high spatial resolution and sensitivity. PMID:23412496

Histopathological analysis for osteomalacia and tubulopathy in itai-itai disease.

PubMed

Baba, Hayato; Tsuneyama, Koichi; Kumada, Tokimasa; Aoshima, Keiko; Imura, Johji

2014-02-01

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant that causes both renal tubulopathy and osteomalacia. Osteomalacia is thought to be a result of renal tubulopathy, but there are few studies about the histopathological relationship between the two pathoses. Therefore, in the present study, we examined specimens from cases of itai-itai disease (IID), the most severe form of chronic cadmium poisoning, to evaluate the relationship between them. We analyzed kidney and bone specimens of 61 IID cases and the data regarding Cd concentration in kidney and bone. Tubulopathy was graded on the basis of a three-step scale (mild, moderate, and severe) using the following three items: the degree of proximal tubular defluxion, thickness of renal cortex, and weight of the kidney. Osteomalacia was evaluated using the relative osteoid volume (ROV). There were 15 cases of mild, 19 cases of moderate, and 27 cases of severe tubulopathy. The average ROV was 24.9 ± 2.0%. ROV tended to increase as tubulopathy advanced in severity, and ROV was significantly higher in cases with severe tubulopathy than those with mild or moderate tubulopathy. ROV had a negative correlation with Cd concentration in the kidney but no correlation with that in the bone. Our results suggest that the development of osteomalacia was related to the development of tubulopathy.

Role of human papilloma virus-16 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus--an immunohistochemical study.

PubMed

Pol, Chetan A; Ghige, Suvarna K; Gosavi, Suchitra R

2015-02-01

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease with an aetiopathogenesis associated with cell-mediated immunological dysfunction. It is possible that oral mucosal viral infections, including human papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16) infection, may have a causative role in OLP pathogenesis. To assess the prevalence of HPV-16 in histopathologically diagnosed specimens of OLP and to evaluate whether any clinical features (such as the localisation of specimens) or the age or gender of patients, are correlated with the presence of this virus. This study was conducted on 30 specimens with a histopathological diagnosis of OLP, using the immunohistochemical marker HPV-16. Thirty normal oral mucosa specimens were also included as controls. Brown nuclear staining was accepted as positive for the HPV-16 antibody. The results were analysed using Fisher's exact test. P values<0.05 were considered to be significant. Significant correlation (P=0.0001) was observed between HPV-16 infection and samples with OLP. No statistical conclusions could be drawn regarding age, gender, localisation and HPV-16 positivity. Our study showed that HPV-16 may play a role in the pathogenesis of OLP. Taking into account the oncogenic potential of HPV-16, patients with OLP should be screened for the presence of this virus. © 2014 FDI World Dental Federation.

Recurrent diarrhea in children living in areas with high levels of nitrate in drinking water.

PubMed

Gupta, S K; Gupta, R C; Gupta, A B; Seth, A K; Bassin, J K; Gupta, A; Sharma, M L

2001-01-01

Given that there was documented evidence of an association between diarrhea and high nitrate ingestion, the authors examined drinking water nitrate concentration and its possible correlation(s) with methemoglobin levels, cytochrome b5 reductase activity, and recurrent diarrhea. In addition, the authors studied histopathological changes in the intestines of rabbits in an animal model. Five village areas were studied, and nitrate concentrations (expressed in mg of nitrate per liter of water) of 26, 45, 95, 220, and 459 existed in the respective villages. The study included 88 randomly selected children who were 8 yr of age or younger; they represented 10% of the total population of each of the areas. Detailed histories of recurrent diarrhea were noted, and medical examinations were conducted. Cytochrome b5 reductase activity and methemoglobin levels were estimated biochemically. Collected data were analyzed statistically with Microsoft Excel software. In addition, the authors exposed rabbits to various levels of nitrate, and histopathological changes of the stomach and intestine (small and large) were evaluated. There was a strong relationship between nitrate concentration and recurrent diarrhea; 80% of the recurrent diarrhea cases were explained by nitrate concentration alone. In the rabbit intestines, lymphocytic infiltration and hyperplasia characterized the submucosa as nitrate concentrations increased.

Colour analysis of the equine endometrium: comparison of spectrophotometry and computer-assisted analysis of photographs within the L*a*b* colour space system.

PubMed

Neuhauser, S; Handler, J

2013-09-01

The aims of this study were to compare two different methods of quantifying the colour of the luminal surface of the equine endometrium and to relate the results to histopathological evidence of inflammation and fibrosis. The mucosal surfaces of 17 equine uteri obtained from an abattoir were assessed using a spectrophotometer and by computer-assisted analysis of photographs. Values were converted into L(*)a(*)b(*) colour space. Although there was significant correlation between the two methods of quantification, variations in 'brightness', 'red' and 'yellow' values were noted. Within a given uterus, measurements using the spectrophotometer did not differ significantly. Using photographic analysis, brightness differed between horns, although no differences in chromaticity were found. Histopathological classification of changes within endometria corresponded to measured differences in colour. Extensive fibrosis was associated with increased brightness and decreased chromaticity using both methods. Inflammation correlated with reduced chromaticity, when measured by spectrophotometry, and with reduced brightness and yellow values, when assessed photographically. For this technique to gain wider acceptance as a diagnostic tool, e.g. for the endoscopic evaluation of uterine mucosae in vivo, standardised illumination techniques will be required so that colours can be compared and interpreted accurately. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Outer retinal corrugations in age-related macular degeneration.

PubMed

Ooto, Sotaro; Vongkulsiri, Sritatath; Sato, Taku; Suzuki, Mihoko; Curcio, Christine A; Spaide, Richard F

2014-07-01

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) abnormalities of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have not been fully characterized because of the complex morphology and a lack of correlative histologic studies. Expansion of our ability to interpret increasing attributes brings us closer to the goal of in vivo histologic analysis of the eye by OCT. To describe a new outer retinal finding of AMD using spectral-domain (SD) OCT and suggest histopathologic correlates. Twenty-five eyes of 16 patients with AMD with severe atrophy due to either choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or geographic atrophy (GA) and 53 donor eyes of 53 patients with late AMD were included. Imaging studies were conducted at a referral retinal practice and histopathology was done at a university research laboratory. Findings in the outer retina were evaluated in SD-OCT images in eyes with atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and compared with histopathologic findings in eyes with GA or CNV that also showed loss of the RPE. Spectral-domain OCT and histologic characteristics of the outer retina. The mean (SD) age of the 16 patients was 82.7 (7.9) years. Twenty eyes had CNV and 5 eyes had GA. The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.800 logMAR (interquartile range, 0.350-1.000 logMAR), a Snellen equivalent of 20/126. A curvilinear hyperreflective density was identified above the Bruch membrane line within the atrophic area in the SD-OCT images. At the internal border, the material was contiguous with the outer portion of the RPE band. Below the material was a relatively hyporeflective space. The material was thrown into folds in cases with atrophy following CNV or was seen as a sheet with numerous bumps in eyes with GA. Review of histopathologic findings of eyes with advanced GA and CNV revealed a rippled layer of basal laminar deposits in an area of RPE atrophy that was located in the same level as the curvilinear line seen in the OCT images. We have described a new entity, termed outer retinal corrugations, which may correspond to histological findings of basal laminar deposits, extracellular deposits that persist in eyes with late AMD. Observation of this undulating band does not necessarily mean there is exudation or leakage; as a consequence, these patients do not need treatment based on this solitary finding.

Infrared micro-spectral imaging: distinction of tissue types in axillary lymph node histology

PubMed Central

Bird, Benjamin; Miljkovic, Milos; Romeo, Melissa J; Smith, Jennifer; Stone, Nicholas; George, Michael W; Diem, Max

2008-01-01

Background Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens is a well established technique for disease identification, and has remained relatively unchanged since its clinical introduction. Although it is essential for clinical investigation, histopathologic identification of tissues remains a time consuming and subjective technique, with unsatisfactory levels of inter- and intra-observer discrepancy. A novel approach for histological recognition is to use Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) micro-spectroscopy. This non-destructive optical technique can provide a rapid measurement of sample biochemistry and identify variations that occur between healthy and diseased tissues. The advantage of this method is that it is objective and provides reproducible diagnosis, independent of fatigue, experience and inter-observer variability. Methods We report a method for analysing excised lymph nodes that is based on spectral pathology. In spectral pathology, an unstained (fixed or snap frozen) tissue section is interrogated by a beam of infrared light that samples pixels of 25 μm × 25 μm in size. This beam is rastered over the sample, and up to 100,000 complete infrared spectra are acquired for a given tissue sample. These spectra are subsequently analysed by a diagnostic computer algorithm that is trained by correlating spectral and histopathological features. Results We illustrate the ability of infrared micro-spectral imaging, coupled with completely unsupervised methods of multivariate statistical analysis, to accurately reproduce the histological architecture of axillary lymph nodes. By correlating spectral and histopathological features, a diagnostic algorithm was trained that allowed both accurate and rapid classification of benign and malignant tissues composed within different lymph nodes. This approach was successfully applied to both deparaffinised and frozen tissues and indicates that both intra-operative and more conventional surgical specimens can be diagnosed by this technique. Conclusion This paper provides strong evidence that automated diagnosis by means of infrared micro-spectral imaging is possible. Recent investigations within the author's laboratory upon lymph nodes have also revealed that cancers from different primary tumours provide distinctly different spectral signatures. Thus poorly differentiated and hard-to-determine cases of metastatic invasion, such as micrometastases, may additionally be identified by this technique. Finally, we differentiate benign and malignant tissues composed within axillary lymph nodes by completely automated methods of spectral analysis. PMID:18759967

Correlation of renal histopathology with renal echogenicity in dogs and cats: an ex-vivo quantitative study.

PubMed

Zotti, Alessandro; Banzato, Tommaso; Gelain, Maria Elena; Centelleghe, Cinzia; Vaccaro, Calogero; Aresu, Luca

2015-04-25

Increased cortical or cortical and medullary echogenicity is one of the most common signs of chronic or acute kidney disease in dogs and cats. Subjective evaluation of the echogenicity is reported to be unreliable. Patient and technical-related factors affect in-vivo quantitative evaluation of the echogenicity of parenchymal organs. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between histopathology and ex-vivo renal cortical echogenicity in dogs and cats devoid of any patient and technical-related biases. Kidney samples were collected from 68 dog and 32 cat cadavers donated by the owners to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Padua and standardized ultrasonographic images of each sample were collected. The echogenicity of the renal cortex was quantitatively assessed by means of mean gray value (MGV), and then histopathological analysis was performed. Statistical analysis to evaluate the influence of histological lesions on MGV was performed. The differentiation efficiency of MGV to detect pathological changes in the kidneys was calculated for dogs and cats. Statistical analysis revealed that only glomerulosclerosis was an independent determinant of echogenicity in dogs whereas interstitial nephritis, interstitial necrosis and fibrosis were independent determinants of echogenicity in cats. The global influence of histological lesions on renal echogenicity was higher in cats (23%) than in dogs (12%). Different histopathological lesions influence the echogenicity of the kidneys in dogs and cats. Moreover, MGV is a poor test for distinguishing between normal and pathological kidneys in the dog with a sensitivity of 58.3% and specificity of 59.8%. Instead, it seems to perform globally better in the cat, resulting in a fair test, with a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 56%.

Effect of grapeseed oil on diazinon-induced physiological and histopathological alterations in rats.

PubMed

Al-Attar, Atef Mohammed

2015-05-01

The pollution of environment by toxic chemicals is a global and chronic problem. Human health risk due to exposure to chemical pollutants is constantly increasing. Pesticides form major toxic chemicals in environment. Scientifically, there is an obviously correlation between the exposure to pesticides and appearance of many diseases. Currently, the significance of natural products for health and medicine has been formidable. The present study investigated the effect of grapeseed oil in male rats exposed to diazinon. The experimental rats were divided into five groups. The rats of the first group were served as control. The experimental animals of the second group were exposed to diazinon (DZN). The animals of the third group were supplemented with grapeseed oil and treated with DZN. The rats of the fourth group were supplemented with grapeseed oil. The experimental rats of the fifth group were supplemented with corn oil. Hematobiochemical and histopathological evaluations were chosen as indicators of DZN toxicity and protective role of grapeseed oil. In rats exposed only to DZN, the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically increased, while the level of serum total protein was significantly decreased. Moreover, the histopathological evaluations of the liver, kidney and testis showed that DZN causes several severe alterations. Pretreatment with grapeseed oil exhibited a protective role against DZN toxicity which confirmed by the inhibition of hematobiochemical and histopathological changes due to DZN exposure. Additionally, the present study suggests that the effect of grapeseed oil supplementation against DZN toxicity may be attributed to the antioxidant role of its constituents.

Proposal for a histopathological consensus classification of the periprosthetic interface membrane

PubMed Central

Morawietz, L; Classen, R‐A; Schröder, J H; Dynybil, C; Perka, C; Skwara, A; Neidel, J; Gehrke, T; Frommelt, L; Hansen, T; Otto, M; Barden, B; Aigner, T; Stiehl, P; Schubert, T; Meyer‐Scholten, C; König, A; Ströbel, P; Rader, C P; Kirschner, S; Lintner, F; Rüther, W; Bos, I; Hendrich, C; Kriegsmann, J; Krenn, V

2006-01-01

Aims The introduction of clearly defined histopathological criteria for a standardised evaluation of the periprosthetic membrane, which can appear in cases of total joint arthroplasty revision surgery. Methods Based on histomorphological criteria, four types of periprosthetic membrane were defined: wear particle induced type (detection of foreign body particles; macrophages and multinucleated giant cells occupy at least 20% of the area; type I); infectious type (granulation tissue with neutrophilic granulocytes, plasma cells and few, if any, wear particles; type II); combined type (aspects of type I and type II occur simultaneously; type III); and indeterminate type (neither criteria for type I nor type II are fulfilled; type IV). The periprosthetic membranes of 370 patients (217 women, 153 men; mean age 67.6 years, mean period until revision surgery 7.4 years) were analysed according to the defined criteria. Results Frequency of histopathological membrane types was: type I 54.3%, type II 19.7%, type III 5.4%, type IV 15.4%, and not assessable 5.1%. The mean period between primary arthroplasty and revision surgery was 10.1 years for type I, 3.2 years for type II, 4.5 years for type III and 5.4 years for type IV. The correlation between histopathological and microbiological diagnosis was high (89.7%), and the inter‐observer reproducibility sufficient (85%). Conclusion The classification proposed enables standardised typing of periprosthetic membranes and may serve as a tool for further research on the pathogenesis of the loosening of total joint replacement. The study highlights the importance of non‐infectious, non‐particle induced loosening of prosthetic devices in orthopaedic surgery (membrane type IV), which was observed in 15.4% of patients. PMID:16731601

Proposal for a histopathological consensus classification of the periprosthetic interface membrane.

PubMed

Morawietz, L; Classen, R-A; Schröder, J H; Dynybil, C; Perka, C; Skwara, A; Neidel, J; Gehrke, T; Frommelt, L; Hansen, T; Otto, M; Barden, B; Aigner, T; Stiehl, P; Schubert, T; Meyer-Scholten, C; König, A; Ströbel, P; Rader, C P; Kirschner, S; Lintner, F; Rüther, W; Bos, I; Hendrich, C; Kriegsmann, J; Krenn, V

2006-06-01

The introduction of clearly defined histopathological criteria for a standardised evaluation of the periprosthetic membrane, which can appear in cases of total joint arthroplasty revision surgery. Based on histomorphological criteria, four types of periprosthetic membrane were defined: wear particle induced type (detection of foreign body particles; macrophages and multinucleated giant cells occupy at least 20% of the area; type I); infectious type (granulation tissue with neutrophilic granulocytes, plasma cells and few, if any, wear particles; type II); combined type (aspects of type I and type II occur simultaneously; type III); and indeterminate type (neither criteria for type I nor type II are fulfilled; type IV). The periprosthetic membranes of 370 patients (217 women, 153 men; mean age 67.6 years, mean period until revision surgery 7.4 years) were analysed according to the defined criteria. Frequency of histopathological membrane types was: type I 54.3%, type II 19.7%, type III 5.4%, type IV 15.4%, and not assessable 5.1%. The mean period between primary arthroplasty and revision surgery was 10.1 years for type I, 3.2 years for type II, 4.5 years for type III and 5.4 years for type IV. The correlation between histopathological and microbiological diagnosis was high (89.7%), and the inter-observer reproducibility sufficient (85%). The classification proposed enables standardised typing of periprosthetic membranes and may serve as a tool for further research on the pathogenesis of the loosening of total joint replacement. The study highlights the importance of non-infectious, non-particle induced loosening of prosthetic devices in orthopaedic surgery (membrane type IV), which was observed in 15.4% of patients.

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical sequelae of bariatric embolization in a porcine model.

PubMed

Paxton, Ben E; Alley, Christopher L; Crow, Jennifer H; Burchette, James; Weiss, Clifford R; Kraitchman, Dara L; Arepally, Aravind; Kim, Charles Y

2014-03-01

To evaluate the histopathologic sequelae of bariatric embolization on the gastric mucosa and to correlate with immunohistochemical evaluation of the gastric fundus, antrum, and duodenum. This study was performed on 12 swine stomach and duodenum specimens after necropsy. Of the 12 swine, 6 had previously undergone bariatric embolization of the gastric fundus, and the 6 control swine had undergone a sham procedure with saline. Gross pathologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical examinations of the stomach and duodenum were performed. Specifically, mucosal integrity, fibrosis, ghrelin-expressing cells, and gastrin-expressing cells were assessed. Gross and histopathologic evaluation of treatment animals showed healing or healed mucosal ulcers in 50% of animals, with gastritis in 100% of treatment animals and in five of six control animals. The ghrelin-immunoreactive mean cell density was significantly lower in the gastric fundus in the treated animals compared with control animals (15.3 vs 22.0, P < .01) but similar in the gastric antrum (9.3 vs 14.3, P = .08) and duodenum (8.5 vs 8.6, P = .89). The gastrin-expressing cell density was significantly lower in the antrum of treated animals compared with control animals (82.2 vs 126.4, P = .03). A trend toward increased fibrosis was suggested in the gastric fundus of treated animals compared with controls (P = .07). Bariatric embolization resulted in a significant reduction in ghrelin-expressing cells in the gastric fundus without evidence of upregulation of ghrelin-expressing cells in the duodenum. Healing ulcerations in half of treated animals underscores the need for additional refinement of this procedure. © 2014 Published by SIR on behalf of The Society of Interventional Radiology.

Clinicopathological study of itchy folliculitis in HIV-infected patients.

PubMed

Annam, Vamseedhar; Yelikar, B R; Inamadar, Arun C; Palit, Aparna; Arathi, P

2010-01-01

Itchy folliculitis are pruritic, folliculo-papular lesions seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Previous studies have shown that it was impossible to clinically differentiate between eosinophilic folliculitis (EF) and infective folliculitis (IF). Also, attempts to suppress the intense itch of EF were ineffective. The present study is aimed at correlating clinical, histopathological and immunological features of itchy folliculitis in HIV patients along with their treatment. The present prospective study lasted for 36 months (September, 2005 to August, 2008) after informed consent, data on skin disorders, HIV status and CD4 count were obtained by physical examination, histopathological examination and laboratory methods. Of 51 HIV-positive patients with itchy folliculitis, the predominant lesion was EF in 23 (45.1%) followed by bacterial folliculitis in 21 (41.2%), Pityrosporum folliculitis in five (9.8%) and Demodex folliculitis in two (3.9%) patients. The diagnosis was based on characteristic histopathological features and was also associated with microbiology confirmation wherever required. EF was associated with a lower mean CD4 count (180.58 +/- 48.07 cells/mm3, P-value < 0.05), higher mean CD8 count (1675.42 +/- 407.62 cells/mm3) and CD8/CD4 ratio of 9.27:1. There was significant reduction in lesions following specific treatment for the specific lesion identified. Clinically, it is impossible to differentiate itchy folliculitis and therefore it requires histopathological confirmation. Appropriate antimicrobial treatment for IF can be rapidly beneficial. The highly active antiretroviral therapy along with Isotretinoin therapy has shown marked reduction in the lesions of EF. Familiarity with these lesions may help in improving the quality of lives of the patients.

Anal cytology, histopathology and anoscopy in an anal dysplasia screening program: is anal cytology enough?

PubMed

Silva, Marco; Peixoto, Armando; Sarmento, José Alexandre; Coelho, Rosa; Macedo, Guilherme

2018-02-01

The human papilloma virus is the leading cause of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Cytological screening may reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to estimate the agreement between anal cytological examination, histopathology and anoscopic visual impression. A prospective study of patients who underwent anal dysplasia screening between 2011 and 2015, in a proctology clinic of a tertiary referral center. During the study period, 141 patients (91% men, 87% with HIV infection) underwent 175 anal cytology tests. Of these, 33% were negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM), 22% were atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS), 33% were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 12% were high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). With regard to anoscopic visual impression, 46% of patients had no lesions and excision/biopsy of the identified lesions was performed in the remaining patients. The weighted kappa-agreement between abnormal cytological results and anoscopic visual impression was moderate (k = 0.48). The weighted kappa-agreement between simultaneous anal cytological examinations and anal histopathologic findings was low (kappa = 0.20). With regard to the histological examination of cases with HSIL or superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 64% of patients had dysplasia of a lower grade according to the cytological analysis (6 ASCUS, 18 LSIL and 4 NILM). There was a poor correlation between anal cytology, histopathology and anoscopic visual impression and a high number of histological studies of HGD that were of a lower dysplastic degree according to the cytological examination. Therefore, anal cytology screening should not be used as the sole method of anal dysplasia screening.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in an infant.

PubMed

D'Souza, Marise; Vergales, Jeffrey; Jayakumar, K Anitha

2013-01-01

This report describes an infant with heterotaxy syndrome and severe hypoplasia of the left heart who presented with profound cyanosis at birth despite a large patent ductus arteriosus. Pulmonary venous return was difficult to demonstrate by echocardiography. Angiography showed total anomalous pulmonary venous return via a plexus that drained through the paravertebral veins and bilateral superior vena cavae. Autopsy confirmed these findings, and histopathology demonstrated severe occlusive changes within the pulmonary veins.

Quantitative in vivo imaging of tissue factor expression in glioma using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI derived parameters.

PubMed

Chen, Xiao; Xie, Tian; Fang, Jingqin; Xue, Wei; Tong, Haipeng; Kang, Houyi; Wang, Sumei; Yang, Yizeng; Xu, Minhui; Zhang, Weiguo

2017-08-01

Tissue Factor (TF) has been well established in angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis in glioma. A noninvasive assessment of TF expression status in glioma is therefore of obvious clinical relevance. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI parameters have been used to evaluate microvascular characteristics and predict molecular expression status in tumors. Our aim is to investigate whether quantitative DCE-MRI parameters could assess TF expression in glioma. Thirty-two patients with histopathologically diagnosed supratentorial glioma who underwent DCE-MRI were retrospectively recruited. Extended Tofts linear model was used for DCE-MRI post-processing. Hot-spot, whole tumor cross-sectional approaches, and histogram were used for analysis of model based parameters. Four serial paraffin sections of each case were stained with TF, CD105, CD34 and α-Sooth Muscle Actin, respectively for evaluating the association of TF and microvascular properties. Pearson correlation was performed between percentage of TF expression area and DCE-MRI parameters, multiple microvascular indexes. Volume transfer constant (K trans ) hot-spot value best correlated with TF (r=0.886, p<0.001), followed by 90th percentile K trans value (r=0.801, p<0.001). Moreover, histogram analysis of K trans value demonstrated that weak TF expression was associated with less heterogeneous and positively skewed distribution. Finally, pathology analysis revealed TF was associated with glioma grade and significantly correlated with these two dynamic angiogenic indexes which could be used to explain the strong correlation between K trans and TF expression. Our results indicate that K trans may serve as a potential clinical imaging biomarker to predict TF expression status preoperatively in gliomas. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clinical and histopathological factors associated with Ki-67 expression in breast cancer patients

PubMed Central

ALCO, GUL; BOZDOGAN, ATILLA; SELAMOGLU, DERYA; PILANCI, KEZBAN NUR; TUZLALI, SITKI; ORDU, CETIN; IGDEM, SEFIK; OKKAN, SAIT; DINCER, MAKTAV; DEMIR, GOKHAN; OZMEN, VAHIT

2015-01-01

The aim of the present study was to identify the optimal Ki-67 cut-off value in breast cancer (BC) patients, and investigate the association of Ki-67 expression levels with other prognostic factors. Firstly, a retrospective search was performed to identify patients with stage I–III BC (n=462). A range of Ki-67 index values were then assigned to five groups (<10, 10–14, 15–19, 20–24 and ≥25%). The correlation between the Ki-67 index and other prognostic factors [age, tumor type, histological and nuclear grade, tumor size, multifocality, an in situ component, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) expression, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) status, axillary involvement and tumor stage] were investigated in each group. The median Ki-67 value was revealed to be 20% (range, 1–95%). A young age (≤40 years old), tumor type, size and grade, LVI, ER/PR negativity and HER-2 positivity were revealed to be associated with the Ki-67 level. Furthermore, Ki-67 was demonstrated to be negatively correlated with ER/PR expression (P<0.001), but positively correlated with tumor size (P<0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that a Ki-67 value of ≥15% was associated with the largest number of poor prognostic factors (P=0.036). In addition, a Ki-67 value of ≥15% was identified to be statistically significant in association with certain luminal subtypes. The rate of disease-free survival was higher in patients with luminal A subtype BC (P=0.036). Following the correlation analysis for the Ki-67 index and the other prognostic factors, a Ki-67 value of ≥15% was revealed to be the optimal cut-off level for BC patients. PMID:25663855

Clinical, histopathological and immunological characteristics of exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus in 25 German short-haired pointers.

PubMed

Bryden, Sharon L; White, Stephen D; Dunston, Stanley M; Burrows, Amanda K; Olivry, Thierry

2005-08-01

Clinical, histopathological and immunological features of exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus, an uncommon generalized exfoliative dermatitis occurring exclusively in German short-haired pointers, were characterized in 25 dogs. The disease affects young adult dogs and its familial incidence strongly suggests a hereditary origin. Lesions were characterized by scaling and alopecia affecting 100 (25/25) and 76% (19/25) of dogs, respectively. Follicular casts were present in 28% (7/25) of dogs. The muzzle, pinnae and dorsum were typically affected. Generalized skin lesions were described in 52% (13/25) of dogs. Systemic signs of pain and lameness affected several dogs. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were detected in several dogs with a more severe clinical phenotype. The most common histopathological features were hyperkeratosis and a lymphocytic interface dermatitis. Direct immunostaining revealed IgG deposition in the epidermal and follicular basement membrane of 100 (19/19) and 41% (7/17) of dogs, respectively. Circulating antifollicular and antisebaceous gland IgG antibodies were demonstrated by indirect immunostaining in 57% (4/7) of dogs. This disease usually responds poorly to immunosuppressive therapy and it has a guarded prognosis. Where outcome was recorded, 85% (10/12) of dogs were euthanased due to either a failure to respond to, or complications associated with, immunomodulatory therapy. Two affected dogs are in remission and maintained on immunomodulatory dosages of prednisolone. This study demonstrates the existence of a cellular and humoral immune response directed against the epidermal basement membrane of dogs with exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Additional studies are required to further characterize the immunological pathogenesis of this disease.

Debulking Surgery for Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary - A Case Report and Literature Review.

PubMed

Bacalbasa, Nicolae; Balescu, Irina; Filipescu, Alexandru

2017-10-01

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma represents a distinct histopathological subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, with poor outcomes, especially in cases diagnosed in advanced stages of disease. However, even in these cases, it seems that the most effective treatment remains debulking surgery to no residual disease. We present the case of a 56-year-old patient diagnosed with a large pelvic mass invading the rectosigmoidal colon, and ileal loop who was successfully submitted to cytoreductive surgery to no residual disease. The histopathological studies demonstrated the presence of a well-differentiated clear cell ovarian carcinoma of the ovary. At 1-year follow-up there is no evidence of residual disease. Copyright© 2017, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

Nodular Fasciitis of the Breast Previously Misdiagnosed as Breast Carcinoma

PubMed Central

Ozben, Volkan; Aydogan, Fatih; Karaca, Fatih Can; Ilvan, Sennur; Uras, Cihan

2009-01-01

Summary Background Nodular fasciitis of the breast is a rare benign pathology that can mimic breast cancer clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically. Case Report An 18-year-old female patient had first visited a physician in a different center with the complaint of a lump in her left breast. Breast examination had revealed a palpable mass located in the left upper outer quadrant. Ultrasonography had demonstrated a hypoechoic lesion. Excisional biopsy of the lump had been performed and histopathologic examination misdiagnosed this lump as a mesenchymal tumor. The patient was then referred to our clinic for further investigations. Pathologic revision was performed and the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis of the breast was established. Conclusion Awareness of this rare clinical entity, nodular fasciitis, in the breast eliminates the misdiagnosis of breast cancer. PMID:20877676

[A Case Report of Gastric Carcinoma with Lymphoid Stroma Differentially Diagnosed from Malignant Lymphoma].

PubMed

Yamada, Kazuto; Kosuga, Toshiyuki; Okamoto, Kazuma; Konishi, Hirotaka; Shiozaki, Atsushi; Fujiwara, Hitoshi; Morimura, Ryo; Murayama, Yasutoshi; Kuriu, Yoshiaki; Ikoma, Hisashi; Nakanishi, Masayoshi; Kuroda, Junya; Kishimoto, Mitsuo; Konishi, Eiichi; Otsuji, Eigo

2017-11-01

A 49-year-old man was referred to our hospital for close examination of a submucosal tumor with ulceration located in the upper gastric body. PET-CT showed FDG uptake both in the gastric tumor and an enlarged lymph node. Although routine biopsies and EUS-FNA of this tumor did not demonstrate any malignant findings, he underwent excisional biopsy of the enlarged lymph nodes to rule out malignant lymphoma. Histopathological examination revealed that the excised specimens were metastatic nodes of poorly differentiated carcinoma probably from the known gastric tumor. Subsequently, he underwent total gastrectomy with D2, and histopathological findings confirmed the final diagnosis of gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma(GCLS). We report a case of GCLS that was difficult to diagnose.

Pseudoephedrine may cause "pigmenting" fixed drug eruption.

PubMed

Ozkaya, Esen; Elinç-Aslan, Meryem Sevinç

2011-05-01

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a distinctive drug eruption characterized by recurrent well-defined lesions in the same location each time the responsible drug is taken. Two different clinical forms have been described: the common classic pigmenting form and the rare nonpigmenting form. Nonpigmenting FDE is mainly characterized by symmetrical large erythematous plaques and the dermal histopathologic reaction pattern. Pseudoephedrine is known as the major inducer of nonpigmenting FDE. Pigmenting FDE from pseudoephedrine has not been reported previously. Here, the first case of pseudoephedrine-induced pigmenting FDE is reported, showing the characteristic features of classic pigmenting FDE such as asymmetry, normal-sized lesions, and the epidermodermal histopathologic reaction pattern. Moreover, a positive occlusive patch-test reaction to pseudoephedrine could be demonstrated on postlesional FDE skin for the first time.

Image analysis of fatty infiltration in labial salivary gland biopsies: extent and its correlation to age, obesity and diabetes.

PubMed

Katona, Krisztián; Elekes, Eszter; Farkas, Nelli; Kneif, Mária; Sütő, Gábor; Tornóczky, Tamás

2017-08-01

Fatty infiltration of minor salivary gland parenchyma is relatively frequent, but not extensively examined histopathological phenomenon in biopsy samples. Its extent and relation to several suspected background diseases are not well understood. In this study, we examined the presence and extent of fatty infiltration on digitally scanned versions of the periodic acid/Schiff-stained minor salivary gland slides of 275 patients. As a result of the image analysis, fatty infiltration was expressed in per cent of the whole selected area. The presence and extent of this change were compared to age, diabetes mellitus and body mass index in various statistical analyses. Significantly higher age and body mass index values were found in the fatty infiltration positive than in the negative group. We also found that not only the number of fatty infiltration positive cases was increased significantly in the gradually worsened body mass index groups, but the extent of fatty infiltration also increased as the obesity worsened. Age also showed significant correlation with the extent of fatty infiltration. All of these findings support that the age (which seemed the only independent variable) shows strong correlation with the presence of the fatty infiltration but obesity may also play important role in the development and the extent of this change. Because of its frequency in elderly, at least partly, the fatty infiltration might be responsible for the xerostomia. We also think that presence of fatty infiltration should be mentioned in the histopathological report of salivary gland biopsies. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ovarian Fibroma: A Clinico-pathological Study of 23 Cases with Review of Literature.

PubMed

Parwate, Nikhil Sadanand; Patel, Shilpa M; Arora, Ruchi; Gupta, Monisha

2016-12-01

The purpose of this study was to correlate the clinical findings, RMI-4 index and frozen section, in cases of ovarian fibroma with the final histopathology. This is a retrospective study of clinical and pathological features of 23 patients of ovarian fibroma. The patient's age ranged from 34 to 66 years (mean-49 years). The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain. On clinical examination, the mean size of ovarian tumor was 9.5 cm, CA-125 levels were found to be raised in 14 patients, and it was associated with ascites in 10 patients. USG showed a well-circumscribed mass (with a mean size of 14 cm), on the left side in 14 cases and on the right side in 9 patients. RMI-4 was calculated in all the patients, and it revealed the possibility of a benign histology in 17 patients. All patients underwent exploratory laparotomy with the removal of ovarian tumor followed by frozen section examination. All but one (22/23) patient had positive correlation among frozen section and final histopathological findings. Ovarian fibroma generally tends to occur in post-menopausal women. All the patients in our study of ovarian fibroma were symptomatic, with the presence of palpable mass in majority of patients. RMI-4 Index correlated very well with benign nature of disease. Frozen section has an invaluable role at surgery; fertility-conserving surgery is the choice in young women. Clinical findings, RMI-4 Index and frozen section, play vital roles before and during surgery in cases of benign ovarian tumors.

Total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity and ischemia modified albumin levels in children with celiac disease.

PubMed

Sayar, Ersin; Özdem, Sebahat; Uzun, Gülbahar; İşlek, Ali; Yılmaz, Aygen; Artan, Reha

2015-01-01

In our study, we aimed to investigate ischemia modified albumin (IMA) as an oxidative stress marker, as well as other oxidant and antioxidant markers that have not been evaluated in children with celiac disease. A total of 37 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with celiac disease (CD) and 29 healthy children were enrolled in this prospective study. We evaluated the IMA, total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, sulfhydryl, and advanced oxidation protein products in all of the subjects. We also compared the levels at the time of the diagnosis, and following a gluten-free diet (GFD) in the children with CD. While the IMA and the other oxidant marker levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group, the antioxidant marker levels were found to be significantly lower in the patient group, compared to the control group. We also determined that the tissue transglutaminase IgA showed a highly positive correlation, and that the IMA showed a moderately positive correlation with the Marsh-Oberhuber histopathological stage. Additionally, the IMA and other oxidant marker levels were significantly lower, while the antioxidant marker levels were significantly higher after the GFD, compared to the pre-diet period. We detected that oxidative stress played a role in the pathogenesis of CD, and that this could be evaluated using oxidative stress markers, which would regress after the GFD. We also detected that IMA is a marker that shows a correlation with the histopathological stage, and may be used in the diagnosis.

Increased Sleep Need and Reduction of Tuberomammillary Histamine Neurons after Rodent Traumatic Brain Injury.

PubMed

Noain, Daniela; Büchele, Fabian; Schreglmann, Sebastian R; Valko, Philipp O; Gavrilov, Yuri V; Morawska, Marta M; Imbach, Lukas L; Baumann, Christian R

2018-01-01

Although sleep-wake disturbances are prevalent and well described after traumatic brain injury, their pathophysiology remains unclear, most likely because human traumatic brain injury is a highly heterogeneous entity that makes the systematic study of sleep-wake disturbances in relation to trauma-induced histological changes a challenging task. Despite increasing interest, specific and effective treatment strategies for post-traumatic sleep-wake disturbances are still missing. With the present work, therefore, we aimed at studying acute and chronic sleep-wake disturbances by electrophysiological means, and at assessing their histological correlates after closed diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats with the ultimate goal of generating a model of post-traumatic sleep-wake disturbances and associated histopathological findings that accurately represents the human condition. We assessed sleep-wake behavior by means of standard electrophysiological recordings before and 1, 7, and 28 days after sham or traumatic brain injury procedures. Sleep-wake findings were then correlated to immunohistochemically labeled and stereologically quantified neuronal arousal systems. Compared with control animals, we found that closed diffuse traumatic brain injury caused increased sleep need one month after trauma, and sleep was more consolidated. As histological correlate, we found a reduced number of histamine immunoreactive cells in the tuberomammillary nucleus, potentially related to increased neuroinflammation. Monoaminergic and hypocretinergic neurotransmitter systems in the hypothalamus and rostral brainstem were not affected, however. These results suggest that our rat traumatic brain injury model reflects human post-traumatic sleep-wake disturbances and associated histopathological findings very accurately, thus providing a study platform for novel treatment strategies for affected patients.

Amide proton transfer imaging of adult diffuse gliomas: correlation with histopathological grades.

PubMed

Togao, Osamu; Yoshiura, Takashi; Keupp, Jochen; Hiwatashi, Akio; Yamashita, Koji; Kikuchi, Kazufumi; Suzuki, Yuriko; Suzuki, Satoshi O; Iwaki, Toru; Hata, Nobuhiro; Mizoguchi, Masahiro; Yoshimoto, Koji; Sagiyama, Koji; Takahashi, Masaya; Honda, Hiroshi

2014-03-01

Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging is a novel molecular MRI technique to detect endogenous mobile proteins and peptides through chemical exchange saturation transfer. We prospectively assessed the usefulness of APT imaging in predicting the histological grade of adult diffuse gliomas. Thirty-six consecutive patients with histopathologically proven diffuse glioma (48.1 ± 14.7 y old, 16 males and 20 females) were included in the study. APT MRI was conducted on a 3T clinical scanner and was obtained with 2 s saturation at 25 saturation frequency offsets ω = -6 to +6 ppm (step 0.5 ppm). δB0 maps were acquired separately for a point-by-point δB0 correction. APT signal intensity (SI) was defined as magnetization transfer asymmetry at 3.5 ppm: magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)asym = (S[-3.5 ppm] - S[+3.5 ppm])/S0. Regions of interest were carefully placed by 2 neuroradiologists in solid parts within brain tumors. The APT SI was compared with World Health Organization grade, Ki-67 labeling index (LI), and cell density. The mean APT SI values were 2.1 ± 0.4% in grade II gliomas (n = 8), 3.2 ± 0.9% in grade III gliomas (n = 10), and 4.1 ± 1.0% in grade IV gliomas (n = 18). Significant differences in APT intensity were observed between grades II and III (P < .05) and grades III and IV (P < .05), as well as between grades II and IV (P < .001). There were positive correlations between APT SI and Ki-67 LI (P = .01, R = 0.43) and between APT SI and cell density (P < .05, R = 0.38). The gliomas with microscopic necrosis showed higher APT SI than those without necrosis (P < .001). APT imaging can predict the histopathological grades of adult diffuse gliomas.

Diagnostic efficacy of smear cytology and Robinson’s cytological grading of canine mammary tumors with respect to histopathology, cytomorphometry, metastases and overall survival

PubMed Central

Czopowicz, Michał; Gruk-Jurka, Anna; Wojtkowska, Agata; Sapierzyński, Rafał; Jurka, Piotr

2018-01-01

Cytology is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method used for pre-operative diagnosis of canine mammary tumors (CMTs) in veterinary practice. Studies related to human breast cancer showed the Robinson’s grading system—established for invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (IDC, NOS) and used on cytological material—to not only closely correspond to the histopathological grading but also be helpful in assessing prognosis and selecting most suitable treatments before surgery. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the accuracy of cytological diagnosis and cytological Robinson’s grading system compared to the histopathological examination of CMTs; to compare of cytological features and cytomorphometric parameters with tumor behavior, as well as cytological and histological grading; and to determine an association of the Robinson’s grading system and cytological background details with metastases, and patients’ survival. We report substantial diagnostic accuracy in detecting simple types and high grade tumors. Cytological diagnosis of tumor behavior showed relatively low sensitivity and specificity compared to human studies, and this might be caused by the heterogeneous morphology of CMTs. The presence of mucosecretory material and extracellular matrix was not significantly associated with tumor behavior. We report a positive correlation between both grading systems and cytological features (included in Robinson’s grading), the presence of necrotic debris, inflammation, and red blood cells. A negative correlation was determined only for the presence of extracellular matrix. The univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed a significantly higher risk of developing metastasis and shorter overall survival for dogs with tumors of grade 2 or 3 on cytology. In addition, these tumors were the most common cause of CMT-related deaths in dogs. Taken together, our findings suggest that the Robinson’s method of cytological grading applied for malignant CMTs evaluated in cytological smears regardless of tumor type can be adapted to veterinary cytology. Additionally, some background features seem to aid malignancy assessment. PMID:29360854

Comparison of Allogeneic and Syngeneic Rat Glioma Models by Using MRI and Histopathologic Evaluation.

PubMed

Biasibetti, Elena; Valazza, Alberto; Capucchio, Maria T; Annovazzi, Laura; Battaglia, Luigi; Chirio, Daniela; Gallarate, Marina; Mellai, Marta; Muntoni, Elisabetta; Peira, Elena; Riganti, Chiara; Schiffer, Davide; Panciani, Pierpaolo; Lanotte, Michele

2017-03-01

Research in neurooncology traditionally requires appropriate in vivo animal models, on which therapeutic strategies are tested before human trials are designed and proceed. Several reproducible animal experimental models, in which human physiologic conditions can be mimicked, are available for studying glioblastoma multiforme. In an ideal rat model, the tumor is of glial origin, grows in predictable and reproducible patterns, closely resembles human gliomas histopathologically, and is weakly or nonimmunogenic. In the current study, we used MRI and histopathologic evaluation to compare the most widely used allogeneic rat glioma model, C6-Wistar, with the F98-Fischer syngeneic rat glioma model in terms of percentage tumor growth or regression and growth rate. In vivo MRI demonstrated considerable variation in tumor volume and frequency between the 2 rat models despite the same stereotactic implantation technique. Faster and more reproducible glioma growth occurred in the immunoresponsive environment of the F98-Fischer model, because the immune response is minimized toward syngeneic cells. The marked inability of the C6-Wistar allogeneic system to generate a reproducible model and the episodes of spontaneous tumor regression with this system may have been due to the increased humoral and cellular immune responses after tumor implantation.

Aberrant wound-healing response in mitomycin C-treated leaking blebs: a histopathologic study.

PubMed

Elner, Victor M; Newman-Casey, Paula Anne; Patil, A Jayaprakash; Flint, Andrew; Biswas, Jyotirmay; Moroi, Sayoko E; Pushparaj, Vaijayanthi; Edward, Deepak P

2009-08-01

To characterize histopathologic features of leaking mitomycin C-treated blebs and aberrant wound healing that may lead to persistent conjunctival thinning and leakage. Forty mitomycin C-treated filtering blebs excised for persistent leaks from 40 patients were examined histopathologically using hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Masson trichrome, and Alcian blue histochemical stains. Ninety percent of the leaking blebs contained epithelial-stromal domes with areas of acellular stroma covered by attenuated epithelium. Seventy-five percent of the blebs demonstrated varying degrees of fibrovascular repair growing from the bleb margin, either beneath or interdigitating with the acellular zone. A novel observation in 65% of specimens was Alcian blue-positive myxoid stroma at the interface between the fibrovascular proliferation and the epithelial-stromal dome. The association between the presence of fibrovascular proliferation and Alcian blue-staining myxoid stroma was significant by Fisher exact test (P = .002). A desirable filtration bleb requires a sufficient reparative fibrovascular response to maintain an epithelial-stromal barrier to prevent leakage. Fibroblasts must lay down a continuous collagen-rich fibrous layer, rather than merely myxoid stroma, beneath the conjunctival epithelium to promote bleb stability. Surgical techniques and postsurgical care should aim to attain this desired outcome.

First case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a Gorilla gorilla.

PubMed

Mischnik, Alexander; Stockklausner, Julia; Hohneder, Nicole; Jensen, Henrik E; Zimmermann, Stefan; Reuss, David E; Rickerts, Volker; Tintelnot, Kathrin; Stockklausner, Clemens

2014-11-01

In humans, Cryptococcus mainly infects individuals with HIV infection or other types of immunosuppression. Here, we report the first case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a simian immunodeficiency virus-negative 27-year-old female Gorilla gorilla presenting with lethargy, progressive weight loss and productive cough. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive lung biopsy culture, serum cryptococcal antigen, and cerebral histopathology demonstrating encapsulated yeasts. Molecular characterisation of lung culture isolate yielded Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. An immune-deficiency could not be demonstrated. © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

[Efficiency of vitrectomy in diabetic macular edema and morphometry of surgically removed of the internal limiting membrane].

PubMed

Kalvoda, Jan; Dusková, J; Kovarík, Z; Kubena, A; Kalvodová, B

2010-04-01

To evaluate the efficiency of vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in eyes with diffuse and/or cystoid nontractional diabetic macular edema (ME) refractory to macular laser photocoagulation. Histopathologic and morphometric analysis of the ILM in diabetic eyes was performed. Thickness of the ILM was correlated with the level of glykosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other clinical factors. The prospective study involved 56 eyes of 52 diabetic patients with a mean age of 63 +/- 7.6 years. Vitrectomy with trypan blue-assisted ILM peeling was performed in standard way. Mean follow-up period was 8.7 months (range 3 - 19 months). The ILM was fixed immediately after peeling in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and submitted for electron microscopic evaluation. The ILM was photographed in standard magnification (x 5000) with the scale of 1 microm in the shot. Statistical analysis of the postoperative visual acuity (VA) in the study group of 56 eyes proved a general improvement with prevalence of the resulted VA in intervals 0.1-0.2 and 0.5-1.0 related to ETDRS chart. The VA was improved by at least 2 lines in 29 eyes of 56 eyes (51.8%), one line in 6 eyes (10.7%) and remained unchanged in 11 eyes (19.6%). The postoperative VA deteriorated by one line in 2 eyes (3.6%) and at least 2 lines in 8 eyes (14.3%). Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant thickening of the ILM in all eyes with a mean thickness of the ILM 3.61 +/- 1.22 micro m. It was found that a higher thickness of the ILM is related to elevated HbA1c by both types of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.040). We also found significant dependence of ILM thickness in relation to duration of DM by comparison of men and women (p = 0.026) and significant correlation between ILM thickness and the age of diabetic patients related to their gender (p = 0.029). Vitrectomy with peeling of the ILM in eyes with chronic diffuse and/or cystoid nontractional diabetic ME mildly improves the VA and extends a hope for its stabilization. We confirmed increased thickness of the surgically peeled ILM and statistically significant correlations to elevated HbA1c by both types of DM and to further clinical characteristics of case series. Morphometric and histopathologic analyses of the ILM contribute to more objective evaluation of ultrastructure of the vitreomacular interface.

The contribution of cytologic imprints of stereotactically guided core needle biopsies of the breast in the management of patients with mammographic abnormalities.

PubMed

Green, R S; Mathew, S

2001-01-01

Between 1995 and 1996, 96 consecutive patients with nonpalpable breast lesions detected by abnormal mammogram underwent core needle biopsies under stereotactic guidance at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. The cytologic diagnoses rendered on touch imprints and the histopathologic diagnoses made on the core needle biopsies were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain the accuracy and the validity of this procedure. These imprints were made of the cores as on-site evaluation in order to assist the radiologist. Separate diagnoses were rendered on the imprints and the cores. Follow-up excisional/open biopsies were then correlated to determine the usefulness of making touch imprints from the core needle biopsies toward the overall management of a patient with an abnormal mammogram. The core needle biopsies were obtained with a 14-gauge needle and biopsy gun. The cytologic diagnoses rendered on touch imprints and histopathologic diagnoses on core needle biopsies were compared and the concordance rate was determined. The subsequent surgical follow-up was analyzed and correlated with the imprint cytology and the core needle biopsy interpretation to ascertain the pathologic outcome. A total of 100 cases were reviewed: 4 patients had two lesions biopsied. Eighty-four cases showed complete cytohistologic correlation, that is, a high concordance rate. These 84 cases were divided into four categories: malignant (24), atypical (2), benign (55), and unsatisfactory (3). Of these concordant cases, there were 34 subsequent excisional biopsies and all except one confirmed the core needle biopsy diagnosis. The exception had a benign touch imprint and core but the excisional biopsy showed multifocal ductal carcinoma in situ. Of the 100 cases, 16 were nonconcordant (the cytologic diagnosis fell into a different category from the histologic diagnosis). Seven of these nonconcordant cases resulted in excisional biopsies and all but one showed the core diagnosis to be correct. The only exception was a case with atypical cytology and a benign core biopsy with the follow-up excision showing atypia. The rest of the nonconcordant cases with atypical imprints and benign cores had no follow-up surgery, showing that the clinicians are inclined to depend on the core biopsy diagnosis. While our study demonstrates the accuracy and concordance of cytologic touch imprints, the surgical follow-up data reveal that there does not appear to be any additive value to rendering a separate diagnosis on touch imprints of core needle biopsies.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas with DNA replication errors (RER+) are associated with p16/pRb loss and wild-type p53.

PubMed

Mathew, R; Arora, S; Mathur, M; Chattopadhyay, T K; Ralhan, R

2001-10-01

Microsatellite instability (MSI) as a determinant of propensity to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) at seven microsatellite markers at 2p (2p15-16), 3p (3p13, 3p14.1-3, 3p25, and 3p26) and 16q (16q12.1-3) was investigated to analyze their putative role as indicators of predisposition to esophageal malignancies. Seven microsatellite loci were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, from surgically resected tumor tissues from 30 ESCC patients from Indian population, to assess the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and replication error repeats (RER) and to correlate these alterations with aberrations in major cell cycle regulatory proteins and histopathological parameters. LOH and RER analyses at these loci demonstrated moderate microsatellite alterations, suggesting the involvement of MSI in esophageal tumorigenesis in a subset of the Indian population. MSI, defined as RER in at least two or more of the loci studied, was observed in ten of 30 (33%) patients. Twenty-two of 30 patients (73%) showed LOH at one or more loci, while 17 of the 30 patients (60%) showed RER in at least one of the loci studied. RER-positive patients showed a trend towards better prognosis when compared to RER-negative patients. MSI demonstrated a significant association with concomitant loss of p16 and pRb (p16-/pRb- phenotype) (P=0.046). Interestingly, we observed an inverse correlation between MSI and p53 mutations (P=0.03) suggesting that MSI may provide a p53-independent pathway for esophageal tumorigenesis in RER+ patients. MSI showed a trend towards longer survival and absence of distant organ metastasis (P=0.06). The present study demonstrates the probable role of MSI in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Indian population. Instability associated with the repetitive sequences--the revealing marks of loss of DNA replication fidelity may serve as an indicator of predisposition to esophageal cancer.

Early Detection of Hypothermic Neuroprotection Using T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Mouse Model of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

PubMed

Doman, Sydney E; Girish, Akanksha; Nemeth, Christina L; Drummond, Gabrielle T; Carr, Patrice; Garcia, Maxine S; Johnston, Michael V; Kannan, Sujatha; Fatemi, Ali; Zhang, Jiangyang; Wilson, Mary Ann

2018-01-01

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, including cerebral palsy. Standard care for neonatal HIE includes therapeutic hypothermia, which provides partial neuroprotection; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to assess injury and predict outcome after HIE. Immature rodent models of HIE are used to evaluate mechanisms of injury and to examine the efficacy and mechanisms of neuroprotective interventions such as hypothermia. In this study, we first confirmed that, in the CD1 mouse model of perinatal HIE used for our research, MRI obtained 3 h after hypoxic ischemia (HI) could reliably assess initial brain injury and predict histopathological outcome. Mice were subjected to HI (unilateral carotid ligation followed by exposure to hypoxia) on postnatal day 7 and were imaged with T2-weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), 3 h after HI. Clearly defined regions of increased signal were comparable in T2 MRI and DWI, and we found a strong correlation between T2 MRI injury scores 3 h after HI and histopathological brain injury 7 days after HI, validating this method for evaluating initial injury in this model of HIE. The more efficient, higher resolution T2 MRI was used to score initial brain injury in subsequent studies. In mice treated with hypothermia, we found a significant reduction in T2 MRI injury scores 3 h after HI, compared to normothermic littermates. Early hypothermic neuroprotection was maintained 7 days after HI, in both T2 MRI injury scores and histopathology. In the normothermic group, T2 MRI injury scores 3 h after HI were comparable to those obtained 7 days after HI. However, in the hypothermic group, brain injury was significantly less 7 days after HI than at 3 h. Thus, early neuroprotective effects of hypothermia were enhanced by 7 days, which may reflect the additional 3 h of hypothermia after imaging or effects on later mechanisms of injury, such as delayed cell death and inflammation. Our results demonstrate that hypothermia has early neuroprotective effects in this model. These findings suggest that hypothermia has an impact on early mechanisms of excitotoxic injury and support initiation of hypothermic intervention as soon as possible after diagnosis of HIE.

Early Detection of Hypothermic Neuroprotection Using T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Mouse Model of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

PubMed Central

Doman, Sydney E.; Girish, Akanksha; Nemeth, Christina L.; Drummond, Gabrielle T.; Carr, Patrice; Garcia, Maxine S.; Johnston, Michael V.; Kannan, Sujatha; Fatemi, Ali; Zhang, Jiangyang; Wilson, Mary Ann

2018-01-01

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, including cerebral palsy. Standard care for neonatal HIE includes therapeutic hypothermia, which provides partial neuroprotection; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to assess injury and predict outcome after HIE. Immature rodent models of HIE are used to evaluate mechanisms of injury and to examine the efficacy and mechanisms of neuroprotective interventions such as hypothermia. In this study, we first confirmed that, in the CD1 mouse model of perinatal HIE used for our research, MRI obtained 3 h after hypoxic ischemia (HI) could reliably assess initial brain injury and predict histopathological outcome. Mice were subjected to HI (unilateral carotid ligation followed by exposure to hypoxia) on postnatal day 7 and were imaged with T2-weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), 3 h after HI. Clearly defined regions of increased signal were comparable in T2 MRI and DWI, and we found a strong correlation between T2 MRI injury scores 3 h after HI and histopathological brain injury 7 days after HI, validating this method for evaluating initial injury in this model of HIE. The more efficient, higher resolution T2 MRI was used to score initial brain injury in subsequent studies. In mice treated with hypothermia, we found a significant reduction in T2 MRI injury scores 3 h after HI, compared to normothermic littermates. Early hypothermic neuroprotection was maintained 7 days after HI, in both T2 MRI injury scores and histopathology. In the normothermic group, T2 MRI injury scores 3 h after HI were comparable to those obtained 7 days after HI. However, in the hypothermic group, brain injury was significantly less 7 days after HI than at 3 h. Thus, early neuroprotective effects of hypothermia were enhanced by 7 days, which may reflect the additional 3 h of hypothermia after imaging or effects on later mechanisms of injury, such as delayed cell death and inflammation. Our results demonstrate that hypothermia has early neuroprotective effects in this model. These findings suggest that hypothermia has an impact on early mechanisms of excitotoxic injury and support initiation of hypothermic intervention as soon as possible after diagnosis of HIE.

Sensitivity, predictive values, pretest-posttest probabilities, and likelihood ratios of presurgery clinical diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancers.

PubMed

Ermertcan, Aylin Türel; Oztürk, Ferdi; Gençoğlan, Gülsüm; Eskiizmir, Görkem; Temiz, Peyker; Horasan, Gönül Dinç

2011-03-01

The precision of clinical diagnosis of skin tumors is not commonly measured and, therefore, very little is known about the diagnostic ability of clinicians. This study aimed to compare clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of nonmelanoma skin cancers with regard to sensitivity, predictive values, pretest-posttest probabilities, and likelihood ratios. Two hundred nineteen patients with 241 nonmelanoma skin cancers were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 49.4% were female and 50.6% were male. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 63.66 ± 16.44 years for the female patients and 64.77 ± 14.88 years for the male patients. The mean duration of the lesions was 20.90 ± 32.95 months. One hundred forty-eight (61.5%) of the lesions were diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 93 (38.5%) were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histopathologically. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and posttest probability were calculated as 75.96%, 87.77%, and 87.78% for BCC and 70.37%, 37.25%, and 37.20% for SCC, respectively. The correlation between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses was found to be higher in BCC. Knowledge of sensitivity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and posttest probabilities may have implications for the management of skin cancers. To prevent unnecessary surgeries and achieve high diagnostic accuracies, multidisciplinary approaches are recommended.

Detection of Post-Therapeutic Effects in Breast Carcinoma Using Hard X-Ray Index of Refraction Computed Tomography - A Feasibility Study.

PubMed

Grandl, Susanne; Sztrókay-Gaul, Anikó; Mittone, Alberto; Gasilov, Sergey; Brun, Emmanuel; Bravin, Alberto; Mayr, Doris; Auweter, Sigrid D; Hellerhoff, Karin; Reiser, Maximilian; Coan, Paola

2016-01-01

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the state-of-the-art treatment in advanced breast cancer. A correct visualization of the post-therapeutic tumor size is of high prognostic relevance. X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PC-CT) has been shown to provide improved soft-tissue contrast at a resolution formerly restricted to histopathology, at low doses. This study aimed at assessing ex-vivo the potential use of PC-CT for visualizing the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast carcinoma. The analysis was performed on two ex-vivo formalin-fixed mastectomy samples containing an invasive carcinoma removed from two patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Images were matched with corresponding histological slices. The visibility of typical post-therapeutic tissue changes was assessed and compared to results obtained with conventional clinical imaging modalities. PC-CT depicted the different tissue types with an excellent correlation to histopathology. Post-therapeutic tissue changes were correctly visualized and the residual tumor mass could be detected. PC-CT outperformed clinical imaging modalities in the detection of chemotherapy-induced tissue alterations including post-therapeutic tumor size. PC-CT might become a unique diagnostic tool in the prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PC-CT might be used to assist during histopathological diagnosis, offering a high-resolution and high-contrast virtual histological tool for the accurate delineation of tumor boundaries.

Organs of BALB/c mice can be injured in course of tularemia.

PubMed

Pavlis, Oto; Kusakova, Eva; Novotny, Ladislav; Pohanka, Miroslav

2014-12-01

Francisella tularensis is a biological agent exploitable for bioterrorism and biological warfare purposes due to serious pathogenic progression and easy dissemination. Despite intensive research in the past, some adverse consequences remain unclear. One consequence of this pathogen is oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to undertake ex vivo assays for monitoring the disease in mice and increase our knowledge of the oxidative stress induced by tularemia. The mouse BALB/c model was chosen and the animals were infected by a dose 10(4) CFU of F. tularensis. After five days, the animals were euthanized. Blood immediately processed in plasma, spleen and liver were sampled from the cadavers. Oxidative stress markers, cytokines and histopathological were undertaken. There was a significant link between oxidative stress and tularemia. Particularly elevated levels of malondialdehyde and decreased levels of low molecular weight antioxidants were found in the liver and spleen of tularemia-infected animals. The histopathological findings correlated well with the oxidative stress markers. The liver and spleen were proven to be significantly at risk from the disease and an association between stress and neutrophils in the affected organs was found. The histopathology excluded risk to other organs such as the kidney and or heart. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in tularemia infection in mice and this was confirmed by the histology.

Primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the uvea associated with massive diffuse epibulbar extension and focal infiltration of the optic nerve and meninges, clinically presented as uveitis masquerade syndrome: a case report.

PubMed

Rasić, D M; Stanković, Z; Terzić, T; Kovacević, D; Koturović, Z; Marković, V

2010-09-01

To report a clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in a case of primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the uvea associated with massive diffuse extraocular episcleral extension and focal infiltration of the optic nerve and meninges, clinically presented as longstanding uveitis masquerade syndrome. Interventional case reports with histopathological correlation. We describe a 80-year-old male patient with a 3-year history of chronic recurrent hypertensive (pan) uveitis associated with ocular pain, unresponsive to topical and systemic anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, antibiotic/antiviral and antiglaucomatous therapy. Because the eye was not salvageable with conservative treatment, enucleation of blind and painful eye was performed. Findings from histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination of the enucleated eye showed an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the uveal tract with massive epibulbar extension and optic nerve and meningeal penetration. During almost 3 years of clinical course and 6 months after the enucleation, there were no systemic manifestations of lymphoma, and patient has not required subsequent treatment. Primary lymphoproliferative lesions of the uvea, comprising the iris, ciliary body and choroid are very rare, associated with epibulbar extension extremely and with optic nerve and menigeal penetration exceptionally. Despite its rarity, primary lymphoma of the uvea should be included in the differential diagnosis particularly in older patients with longstanding recurrent uveitis.

Diagnostic value of the 2011 International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy Terminology in predicting cervical lesions

PubMed Central

Zhang, Liqin; Yan, Ye; Han, Cha; Xue, Fengxia

2018-01-01

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the 2011 International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) colposcopic terminology. Methods The clinicopathological data of 2262 patients who underwent colposcopy from September 2012 to September 2016 were reviewed. The colposcopic findings, colposcopic impression, and cervical histopathology of the patients were analyzed. Correlations between variables were evaluated using cervical histopathology as the gold standard. Results Colposcopic diagnosis matched biopsy histopathology in 1482 patients (65.5%), and the weighted kappa strength of agreement was 0.480 (P<0.01). Colposcopic diagnoses more often underestimated (22.1%) than overestimated (12.3%) cervical pathology. There was no significant difference between the colposcopic diagnosis and cervical pathology agreement among the various grades of lesions (P=0.282). The sensitivity, specificity for detecting high-grade lesions/carcinoma was 71.6% and 98.0%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that major changes were independent factors in predicting high-grade lesion/carcinoma, whereas transformation zone, lesion size, and non-stained were not statistically related to high-grade lesion/carcinoma. Conclusions The 2011 IFCPC terminology can improve the diagnostic accuracy for all lesion severities. The categorization of major changes and minor changes is appropriate. However, colposcopic diagnosis remains unsatisfactory. Poor reproducibility of type 2 transformation zone and the significance of leukoplakia require further study. PMID:29507681

Phased-array of microcoils allows MR microscopy of ex vivo human skin samples at 9.4 T.

PubMed

Göbel, K; Gruschke, O G; Leupold, J; Kern, J S; Has, C; Bruckner-Tuderman, L; Hennig, J; von Elverfeldt, D; Baxan, N; Korvink, J G

2015-02-01

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a custom-made phased-array microcoil within a 400 MHz animal system for the morphological characterization of human skin tissue in correlation with histopathology. A dedicated 7-channel microcoil-based MR detector arranged in a phased-array geometry was developed to combine the advantages of both a large field of view and a high signal-to-noise ratio. Standard gradient echo sequences were adapted for the characterization of skin morphology ex vivo. In this study, the feasibility of using this type of microdetector, combined with specially manufactured sample holders, to achieve high-resolution MR images of fresh and formalin-fixed, normal and hidradenitis suppurativa diseased skin was successfully demonstrated. The setup presented in this work allows reliable acquisitions of high-resolution images with in-plane resolution up to 25 × 25 μm², and 100 μm in the orthogonal direction, thereby allowing the differentiation of typical layers of the skin, sebaceous glands and hair follicle. This study demonstrates that MR microscopy on skin biopsies can be applied at low cost on a standard animal MR imaging system. The successful imaging of different skin structures ex vivo is a prerequisite for non-invasive, in vivo application of skin MR microscopy for accurate complementary disease diagnosis in dermatology. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

BH3-only protein Bim predicts advanced stage of cutaneous melanoma.

PubMed

Gambichler, T; Rooms, I; Scholl, L; Stockfleth, E; Stücker, M; Sand, M

2016-11-01

Bim having strong pro-apoptotic effects belongs to the BH3-only proteins of the Bcl-2 protein family and contributes to survival pathways in cancer cells. We aimed to investigate Bim protein expression in cutaneous melanoma (CM). Bim protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in primary and metastatic melanomas and correlated with clinical and histopathological features. The Bim immunoreactivity score of the primary melanomas investigated (4.6 ± 1.5) was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than that observed in metastases (2.8 ± 1.1). Low Bim expression was significantly associated with primary nodular melanoma type (P = 0.005). Moreover, Bim expression was significantly inversely correlated with tumour thickness (r = -0.36; P = 0.0035), advanced stage of disease (stage III and IV; r = -0.60; P < 0.0001), disease relapse (r = -0.18; P = 0.034) and disease-related death (r = -0.19; P = 0.026). Advanced stage of disease was independently predicted by low Bim expression (P = 0.0010, odds ratio: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.56) on multivariate analysis; however, Bim was not shown to be an independent predictor for disease relapse (P = 0.40) and disease-related death (P = 0.77). Our data demonstrate that Bim protein expression is significantly inversely correlated with melanoma features that are associated with worse prognosis. We have shown that Bim protein expression in CM is an independent predictor for advanced disease confirming that this pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein might be a potent biomarker and promising therapeutic target. © 2016 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

Investigation of Morphological and Functional Changes in the Small Intestine With Pancreatic Disease.

PubMed

Nakamura, Yosuke; Itoh, Akihiro; Kawashima, Hiroki; Ohno, Eizaburo; Itoh, Yuya; Hiramatsu, Takeshi; Sugimoto, Hiroyuki; Sumi, Hajime; Hayashi, Daijuro; Kuwahara, Takamichi; Funasaka, Kohei; Nakamura, Masanao; Miyahara, Ryoji; Ohmiya, Naoki; Katano, Yoshiaki; Ishigami, Masatoshi; Shimoyama, Yoshie; Nakamura, Shigeo; Goto, Hidemi; Hirooka, Yoshiki

2015-11-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pancreas and small intestine evaluating the endoscopic and histopathologic findings of the proximal small intestine in pancreatic diseases. Fifty patients (18 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 17 patients with pancreatic cancer, 15 control subjects) underwent enteroscopy using a prototype enteroscope. The villous height of the jejunum on bioptic specimens was measured, and the mean values of the villi were compared among the 3 groups. Exocrine function was calculated by the pancreatic function diagnostic test, and the correlation between the recovery rate of p-aminobenzoic acid and the villous height was assessed. Finally, the distribution of the K cells secreting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and the L cells secreting glucagon-like peptide 1 in the duodenum and jejunum was investigated using immunohistochemistry for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1. The mean villous height in chronic pancreatitis (328 ± 67 μm) was significantly lower than that in pancreatic cancer (413 ± 57 μm) and control subjects (461 ± 97 μm) (P = 0.004 and P < 0.0001, respectively). A positive correlation was found between the recovery rate of p-aminobenzoic acid and the villous height (r = 0.52, P = 0.0001). The presence of K and L cells was verified in the duodenum and the jejunum. Close relationship between pancreas and small intestine was demonstrated.

Topographic localization of gastric lesions and key role of plasma bicarbonate concentration in dogs with experimentally induced gastric dilatation.

PubMed

Pfeiffer, C J; Keith, J C; April, M

1987-02-01

The canine gastric response to acute dilatation, its correlation with selected systemic cardiovascular changes, and preliminary study of its modulation by membrane-stabilizing agents were studied in 21 Beagle dogs. Gastric mucosal damage and adverse cardiovascular sequelae were induced by inflation of an intragastric balloon to 60 mm of Hg in each anesthetized dog for 2.5 hours. At this time, dogs were given 1 of 4 treatments: control; lidocaine HCl, 2.2 mg bolus + 66 micrograms/min, IV; prednisolone succinate, 6.6 mg, IV; and zinc sulfate, 2.2 mg bolus + 66 micrograms/min, IV. After treatments were given, there was a 4-hour deflation period. Throughout the 6.5 hours, continuous measurements were made of stroke volume, arterial blood pressure, PaO2, PaCO2, and plasma HCO3- concentration. Gastric lesions, assessed by planimetric analysis of ulcer indices, were limited to the fundus and corpus and were significantly decreased by lidocaine administration. As seen by histopathologic examination, a sharply delineated transverse area bordering the corporeal-antral junction near the lesser curvature demonstrated minimal resistance to ulceration and showed mucus depletion. Plasma HCO3- concentration, base excess, and CO2 values were negatively correlated with development of gastric damage, indicating that plasma HCO3- concentration has a key role in mucosal resistance to ulcerogenesis.

Possible etiologic heterogeneity of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. A correlation of pathologic characteristics with human papillomavirus detection by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction.

PubMed

Park, J S; Jones, R W; McLean, M R; Currie, J L; Woodruff, J D; Shah, K V; Kurman, R J

1991-03-15

A correlated histopathologic and molecular virologic study of 30 cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 3 (VIN 3) and six associated invasive vulvar carcinomas was performed. Paraffin sections were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by in situ hybridization for viral transcripts and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of HPV and of the beta-globin gene. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 3 was histologically subclassified into warty (bowenoid) (20 cases) and basaloid (undifferentiated) (ten cases) types. Warty VIN characteristically was composed of squamous cells displaying abnormal proliferation and maturation and an undulating or spiked surface creating a "condylomatous" appearance whereas basaloid VIN had a smooth surface and was composed of undifferentiated basaloid cells resembling carcinoma in situ of the cervix. Human papillomavirus-16 was the only type detected in 16 of 30 VIN 3 and in five of six invasive carcinomas. The HPV-positive women were younger than HPV-negative women (mean age at diagnosis, 49 versus 60 years), their lesions more frequently demonstrated koilocytotic atypia (94% versus 43%), and they were more likely to have warty compared with basaloid VIN lesions (65% versus 30%). These findings suggest that there are at least two different types of VIN which have differing clinical, pathologic, and viral profiles.

Differentiating intratumoral melanocytes from Langerhans cells in nonmelanocytic pigmented skin tumors in vivo by label-free third-harmonic generation microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weng, Wei-Hung; Liao, Yi-Hua; Tsai, Ming-Rung; Wei, Ming-Liang; Huang, Hsin-Yi; Sun, Chi-Kuang

2016-07-01

Morphology and distribution of melanocytes are critical imaging information for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions. However, how to image intratumoral melanocytes noninvasively in pigmented skin tumors is seldom investigated. Third-harmonic generation (THG) is shown to be enhanced by melanin, whereas high accuracy has been demonstrated using THG microscopy for in vivo differential diagnosis of nonmelanocytic pigmented skin tumors. It is thus desirable to investigate if label-free THG microscopy was capable to in vivo identify intratumoral melanocytes. In this study, histopathological correlations of label-free THG images with the immunohistochemical images stained with human melanoma black (HMB)-45 and cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1a) were made. The correlation results indicated that the intratumoral THG-bright dendritic-cell-like signals were endogenously derived from melanocytes rather than Langerhans cells (LCs). The consistency between THG-bright dendritic-cell-like signals and HMB-45 melanocyte staining showed a kappa coefficient of 0.807, 84.6% sensitivity, and 95% specificity. In contrast, a kappa coefficient of -0.37, 21.7% sensitivity, and 30% specificity were noted between the THG-bright dendritic-cell-like signals and CD1a staining for LCs. Our study indicates the capability of noninvasive label-free THG microscopy to differentiate intratumoral melanocytes from LCs, which is not feasible in previous in vivo label-free clinical-imaging modalities.

Can Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values Assist PI-RADS Version 2 DWI Scoring? A Correlation Study Using the PI-RADSv2 and International Society of Urological Pathology Systems.

PubMed

Gaur, Sonia; Harmon, Stephanie; Rosenblum, Lauren; Greer, Matthew D; Mehralivand, Sherif; Coskun, Mehmet; Merino, Maria J; Wood, Bradford J; Shih, Joanna H; Pinto, Peter A; Choyke, Peter L; Turkbey, Baris

2018-05-07

The purposes of this study were to assess correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and normalized ADC (ratio of tumor to nontumor tissue) with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) and updated International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) categories and to determine how to optimally use ADC metrics for objective assistance in categorizing lesions within PI-RADSv2 guidelines. In this retrospective study, 100 patients (median age, 62 years; range, 44-75 years; prostate-specific antigen level, 7.18 ng/mL; range, 1.70-84.56 ng/mL) underwent 3-T multiparametric MRI of the prostate with an endorectal coil. Mean ADC was extracted from ROIs based on subsequent prostatectomy specimens. Histopathologic analysis revealed 172 lesions (113 peripheral, 59 transition zone). Two radiologists blinded to histopathologic outcome assigned PI-RADSv2 categories. Kendall tau was used to correlate ADC metrics with PI-RADSv2 and ISUP categories. ROC curves were used to assess the utility of ADC metrics in differentiating each reader's PI-RADSv2 DWI category 4 or 5 assessment in the whole prostate and by zone. ADC metrics negatively correlated with ISUP category in the whole prostate (ADC, τ = -0.21, p = 0.0002; normalized ADC, τ = -0.21, p = 0.0001). Moderate negative correlation was found in expert PI-RADSv2 DWI categories (ADC, τ = -0.34; normalized ADC, τ = -0.31; each p < 0.0001) maintained across zones. In the whole prostate, AUCs of ADC and normalized ADC were 87% and 82% for predicting expert PI-RADSv2 DWI category 4 or 5. A derived optimal cutoff ADC less than 1061 and normalized ADC less than 0.65 achieved positive predictive values of 83% and 84% for correct classification of PI-RADSv2 DWI category 4 or 5 by an expert reader. Consistent relations and predictive values were found by an independent novice reader. ADC and normalized ADC inversely correlate with PI-RADSv2 and ISUP categories and can serve as quantitative metrics to assist with assigning PI-RADSv2 DWI category 4 or 5.

Can diffusion-weighted imaging serve as a biomarker of fibrosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

PubMed

Hecht, Elizabeth M; Liu, Michael Z; Prince, Martin R; Jambawalikar, Sachin; Remotti, Helen E; Weisberg, Stuart W; Garmon, Donald; Lopez-Pintado, Sara; Woo, Yanghee; Kluger, Michael D; Chabot, John A

2017-08-01

To assess the relationship between diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-derived quantitative parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], perfusion fraction [f], D slow , diffusion coefficient [D], and D fast , pseudodiffusion coefficient [D*]) and histopathology in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). Subjects with suspected surgically resectable PAC were prospectively enrolled in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant, Institutional Review Board-approved study. Imaging was performed at 1.5T with a respiratory-triggered echo planar DWI sequence using 10 b values. Two readers drew regions of interest (ROIs) over the tumor and adjacent nontumoral tissue. Monoexponential and biexponential fits were used to derive ADC 2b , ADC all , f, D, and D*, which were compared to quantitative histopathology of fibrosis, mean vascular density, and cellularity. Two biexponential IVIM models were investigated and compared: 1) nonlinear least-square fitting based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and 2) linear fit using a fixed D* (20 mm 2 /s). Statistical analysis included Student's t-test, Pearson correlation (P < 0.05 was considered significant), intraclass correlation, and coefficients of variance. Twenty subjects with PAC were included in the final cohort. Negative correlation between D and fibrosis (Reader 2: r = -0.57 P = 0.01; pooled P = -0.46, P = 0.04) was observed with a trend toward positive correlation between f and fibrosis (r = 0.44, P = 0.05). ADC 2b was significantly lower in PAC with dense fibrosis than with loose fibrosis ADC 2b (P = 0.03). Inter- and intrareader agreement was excellent for ADC, D, and f. In PAC, D negatively correlates with fibrosis, with a trend toward positive correlation with f suggesting both perfusion and diffusion effects contribute to stromal desmoplasia. ADC 2b is significantly lower in tumors with dense fibrosis and may serve as a biomarker of fibrosis architecture. 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:393-402. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Pulmonary Abnormalities in Mice with Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Sequential Study Comparing High Resolution Computed Tomography and Pathologic Findings

PubMed Central

Hidalgo, José Miguel; de Oliveira Pascarelli, Bernardo Miguel; Patiño, Jairo Hernando; Lenzi, Henrique Leonel; Restrepo, Angela; Cano, Luz Elena

2010-01-01

Background Human paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic fungal disease of pulmonary origin. Follow-up of pulmonary lesions by image studies in an experimental model of PCM has not been previously attempted. This study focuses on defining patterns, topography and intensity of lung lesions in experimentally infected PCM mice by means of a comparative analysis between High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) and histopathologic parameters. Methodology Male BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with 3×106 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) conidia (n = 50) or PBS (n = 50). HRCT was done every four weeks to determine pulmonary lesions, quantify lung density, reconstruct and quantify lung air structure. Lungs were also analyzed by histopathology and histomorphometry. Results Three different patterns of lesions were evidenced by HRCT and histopathology, as follows: nodular-diffuse, confluent and pseudo-tumoral. The lesions were mainly located around the hilus and affected more frequently the left lung. At the 4th week post-challenge HRCT showed that 80% of the Pb-infected mice had peri-bronchial consolidations associated with a significant increase in upper lung density when compared with controls, (−263±25 vs. −422±10 HU, p<0.001). After the 8th and 12th weeks, consolidation had progressed involving also the middle regions. Histopathology revealed that consolidation as assessed by HRCT was equivalent histologically to a confluent granulomatous reaction, while nodules corresponded to individual compact granulomas. At the 16th week of infection, confluent granulomas formed pseudotumoral masses that obstructed large bronchi. Discrete focal fibrosis was visible gradually around granulomas, but this finding was only evident by histopathology. Conclusions/Significance This study demonstrated that conventional HRCT is a useful tool for evaluation and quantification of pulmonary damage occurring in experimental mouse PCM. The experimental design used decreases the need to sacrifice a large number of animals, and serves to monitor treatment efficacy by means of a more rational approach to the study of human lung disease. PMID:20614019

Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) ethanolic extract as prevention against atherosclerosis based on the level of Low-Density Lipoprotein and histopathological feature of aorta in male Sprague-Dawley rats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pradana, Dimas Adhi; Pondawinata, Marizki; Widyarini, Sitarina

2017-03-01

This study aimed to determine the potential activity of standardized ethanolic extract of red spinach as prevention against atherosclerosis based on the level of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and histopathological feature of aorta in male Sprague-Dawley rats induced by high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. A total of 42 animals was divided into 6 groups: normal control group, negative control group, positive control group (0.9 mg/kgBW of simvastatin), first intervention group (200 mg/kgBW of red spinach extract), second intervention group (400 mg/kgBW of red spinach extract), and third intervention group (800 mg/kgBW of red spinach extract). From the first day up to the 66th day, all the groups, except the normal control group and negative control group, were administered simvastatin (positive control) and extract of amaranth (intervention). Then, from the eighth day until Day 66, induction of high-fat and high-cholesterol diet was given in two hours after the simvastatin and red spinach extract administration. The determination of LDL parameters was conducted on Day 0, Day 35, and Day 67. On the 67th day, the animals were dissected to examine the aortic histopathological parameters. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of red spinach with a dose of 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW, and 800 mg/kgBW statistically demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.05). The histopathological feature of the aorta in the treatment indicated the absence of fat in the blood vessel walls or even of foam cells supporting thereby the result of LDL level. This means there was a significant effect of ethanolic extract of red spinach on the prevention against atherosclerosis based on the level of Low-Density Lipoprotein and the histopathological feature of aorta in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Lacrimal gland uptake of (67)Ga-gallium citrate correlates with biopsy results in patients with suspected sarcoidosis.

PubMed

Tannen, Bradford L; Kolomeyer, Anton M; Turbin, Roger E; Frohman, Larry; Langer, Paul D; Oh, Cheongeun; Ghesani, Nasrin V; Zuckier, Lionel S; Chu, David S

2014-02-01

To investigate whether lacrimal gland uptake on (67)Ga-gallium citrate scintigraphy correlates with histopathologic evidence of sarcoidosis. A retrospective, pilot study of 31 patients with suspected sarcoidosis who underwent gallium scintigraphy and lacrimal gland biopsy. Lacrimal gland gallium uptake was assessed by subjective visual scoring (SVS) and lacrimal uptake ratio (LUR). Eleven (36%) patients had lacrimal gland biopsies containing noncaseating granulomas. A statistically significant correlation was found between lacrimal gland gallium uptake and biopsy positivity using SVS (p = 0.03) or LUR (p = 0.01). Using SVS, biopsy positivity rate increased from 0 to 50% in patients with mild to intense uptake. Using LUR, biopsy positivity rate increased linearly as the ratio increased from 13% (LUR < 4) to 100% (LUR > 8). Lacrimal biopsy positivity rate significantly correlated with gallium uptake on scintigraphy. Both SVS and LUR methods appear to correlate with histologic results and may potentially aid in patient selection for biopsy.

18F-DCFBC Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted PET/CT Imaging in Localized Prostate Cancer: Correlation With Multiparametric MRI and Histopathology.

PubMed

Turkbey, Baris; Mena, Esther; Lindenberg, Liza; Adler, Stephen; Bednarova, Sandra; Berman, Rose; Ton, Anita T; McKinney, Yolanda; Eclarinal, Philip; Hill, Craig; Afari, George; Bhattacharyya, Sibaprasad; Mease, Ronnie C; Merino, Maria J; Jacobs, Paula M; Wood, Bradford J; Pinto, Peter A; Pomper, Martin G; Choyke, Peter L

2017-10-01

To assess the ability of (N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-F-fluorobenzyl-L-cysteine) (F-DCFBC), a prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted PET agent, to detect localized prostate cancer lesions in correlation with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and histopathology. This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996-compliant, prospective, institutional review board-approved study included 13 evaluable patients with localized prostate cancer (median age, 62.8 years [range, 51-74 years]; median prostate-specific antigen, 37.5 ng/dL [range, 3.26-216 ng/dL]). Patients underwent mpMRI and F-DCFBC PET/CT within a 3 months' window. Lesions seen on mpMRI were biopsied under transrectal ultrasound/MRI fusion-guided biopsy, or a radical prostatectomy was performed. F-DCFBC PET/CT and mpMRI were evaluated blinded and separately for tumor detection on a lesion basis. For PET image analysis, MRI and F-DCFBC PET images were fused by using software registration; imaging findings were correlated with histology, and uptake of F-DCFBC in tumors was compared with uptake in benign prostatic hyperplasia nodules and normal peripheral zone tissue using the 80% threshold SUVmax. A total of 25 tumor foci (mean size, 1.8 cm; median size, 1.5 cm; range, 0.6-4.7 cm) were histopathologically identified in 13 patients. Sensitivity rates of F-DCFBC PET/CT and mpMRI were 36% and 96%, respectively, for all tumors. For index lesions, the largest tumor with highest Gleason score, sensitivity rates of F-DCFBC PET/CT and mpMRI were 61.5% and 92%, respectively. The average SUVmax for primary prostate cancer was higher (5.8 ± 4.4) than that of benign prostatic hyperplasia nodules (2.1 ± 0.3) or that of normal prostate tissue (2.1 ± 0.4) at 1 hour postinjection (P = 0.0033). The majority of index prostate cancers are detected with F-DCFBC PET/CT, and this may be a prognostic indicator based on uptake and staging. However, for detecting prostate cancer with high sensitivity, it is important to combine prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT with mpMRI.

Toxicological and mutagenic analysis of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) extract.

PubMed

Kalantari, Heibatullah; Galehdari, Hamid; Zaree, Zahra; Gesztelyi, Rudolf; Varga, Balazs; Haines, David; Bombicz, Mariann; Tosaki, Arpad; Juhasz, Bela

2013-01-01

Mutagenicity and liver toxicity of the herb tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) were evaluated using single cell gel (comet) electrophoresis. Ten microlitres aliquots of peripheral venous human blood were incubated with tarragon extract, saline, or the mutagen sodium dichromate. Cell suspensions dispersed in low-melting agarose were electrophoresed in ethidium bromide. The resulting DNA migration trails were obtained using fluorescent microscopy at 400× magnification, and graded according to the mutagenicity index (MI) for each cell incubation condition. The in vivo liver toxicity of Artemisia dracunculus was assessed in the blood of mice treated orally with the extract of the herb, using alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as liver function indicators. Liver morphology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of liver tissue. The present study demonstrated a direct correlation between tarragon extract dosage and three major outcome variables: MI; serum liver enzyme activity; and liver histopathology. These outcomes are possibly due to the presence in tarragon of methylchavicol and other genotoxic compounds. These findings provide a preliminary guide for risk assessment of tarragon in diet and in possible therapeutic applications. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Lethal endomyocarditis caused by chronic "Krokodil" intoxication.

PubMed

Sorrentino, Antonella; Trotta, Silvia; Colucci, Anna Pia; Aventaggiato, Lucia; Marzullo, Andrea; Solarino, Biagio

2018-03-19

"Krokodil" is a home-made opioid drug obtained by synthesizing desomorphine from codeine and combining it with other low-cost additives. Initially introduced in the former Soviet countries, it was then imported to Western Europe as a heroin substitute. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an Italian case of lethal krokodil abuse, that occurred in a 39-year-old man, who died suddenly after transportation to the Emergency Department (ED) for hyperthermia associated with sweating, dyspnoea and tachycardia. Post-mortem examination revealed extensive necrotic ulcerative lesions on the forearms, and autopsy showed a hypertrophic heart with ample endocardial vegetation on the aortic valve and patency of the foramen ovale. Histopathological examination of the heart showed ulcero-vegetative lesions of the aortic valve with an abscess on the annulus and extension to the periaortic adipose tissue, as well as diffuse myocardial interstitial inflammatory neutrophilic infiltrates. Toxicological analysis demonstrated a desomorphine metabolite in urine. On the basis of all these findings the cause of death was ruled to be congestive heart failure caused by endocarditis and myocarditis, correlated with chronic abuse of krokodil.

Germline MLH1 Mutations Are Frequently Identified in Lynch Syndrome Patients With Colorectal and Endometrial Carcinoma Demonstrating Isolated Loss of PMS2 Immunohistochemical Expression.

PubMed

Dudley, Beth; Brand, Randall E; Thull, Darcy; Bahary, Nathan; Nikiforova, Marina N; Pai, Reetesh K

2015-08-01

Current guidelines on germline mutation testing for patients suspected of having Lynch syndrome are not entirely clear in patients with tumors demonstrating isolated loss of PMS2 immunohistochemical expression. We analyzed the clinical and pathologic features of patients with tumors demonstrating isolated loss of PMS2 expression in an attempt to (1) determine the frequency of germline MLH1 and PMS2 mutations and (2) correlate mismatch-repair protein immunohistochemistry and tumor histology with germline mutation results. A total of 3213 consecutive colorectal carcinomas and 215 consecutive endometrial carcinomas were prospectively analyzed for DNA mismatch-repair protein expression by immunohistochemistry. In total, 32 tumors from 31 patients demonstrated isolated loss of PMS2 immunohistochemical expression, including 16 colorectal carcinomas and 16 endometrial carcinomas. Microsatellite instability (MSI) polymerase chain reaction was performed in 29 tumors from 28 patients with the following results: 28 tumors demonstrated high-level MSI, and 1 tumor demonstrated low-level MSI. Twenty of 31 (65%) patients in the study group had tumors demonstrating histopathology associated with high-level MSI. Seventeen patients underwent germline mutation analysis with the following results: 24% with MLH1 mutations, 35% with PMS2 mutations, 12% with PMS2 variants of undetermined significance, and 29% with no mutations in either MLH1 or PMS2. Three of the 4 patients with MLH1 germline mutations had a mutation that results in decreased stability and quantity of the MLH1 protein that compromises the MLH1-PMS2 protein complex, helping to explain the presence of immunogenic but functionally inactive MLH1 protein within the tumor. The high frequency of MLH1 germline mutations identified in our study has important implications for testing strategies in patients suspected of having Lynch syndrome and indicates that patients with tumors demonstrating isolated loss of PMS2 expression without a germline PMS2 mutation must have MLH1 mutation analysis performed.

Diastolic heart failure associated with hemangiosarcoma infiltrating left ventricular walls in a dog

PubMed Central

Osuga, Tatsuyuki; Nakamura, Kensuke; Morita, Tomoya; Kagawa, Yumiko; Ohta, Hiroshi; Takiguchi, Mitsuyoshi

2017-01-01

A 9-year-old Shetland sheepdog was diagnosed with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Echocardiography revealed focally thickened left ventricular free wall and interventricular septum and left atrial dilation. Left ventricular systolic function was preserved. Doppler echocardiography of transmitral flow indicated restrictive left ventricular filling. Cardiac histopathology demonstrated hemangiosarcoma infiltrating the left ventricular walls. PMID:29089652

Diastolic heart failure associated with hemangiosarcoma infiltrating left ventricular walls in a dog.

PubMed

Osuga, Tatsuyuki; Nakamura, Kensuke; Morita, Tomoya; Kagawa, Yumiko; Ohta, Hiroshi; Takiguchi, Mitsuyoshi

2017-11-01

A 9-year-old Shetland sheepdog was diagnosed with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Echocardiography revealed focally thickened left ventricular free wall and interventricular septum and left atrial dilation. Left ventricular systolic function was preserved. Doppler echocardiography of transmitral flow indicated restrictive left ventricular filling. Cardiac histopathology demonstrated hemangiosarcoma infiltrating the left ventricular walls.

Removal of the intestinal mucosa: photochemical approach in bladder augmentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haselhuhn, Gregory D.; Kropp, Kenneth A.; Keck, Rick W.; Selman, Steven H.

1995-03-01

Experiments were undertaken to determine whether 5-aminoleuvinic acid in combination with light could be used as an adjunct to intestinal bladder augmentation with the aim of removing intestinal mucosa with subsequent re-epithelialization of the treated segment with urothelium. Histopathologic studies of so-treated intestinal segments used in bladder augmentation demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.

Italy-Japan agreement and discrepancies in diagnosis of superficial gastric lesions.

PubMed

Vindigni, Carla; Marini, Mario; Cevenini, Gabriele; Raffaella Ambrosio, Maria; Onorati, Monica; Frosini, Giorgio; Gotoda, Takuji; Taniguchi, Hirokazu; Tosi, Piero

2010-01-01

The agreement between Italian and Japanese endoscopists and pathologists on endoscopic and histopathological diagnoses of superficial gastric lesions is verified with the use of Paris and Vienna classifications. The correlations between Paris endoscopic types and Vienna histopathological categories is high in both the independent Italian and Japanese evaluations. However, the agreement between Italian and Japanese endoscopists is moderate due to the difficult evaluation of the height of the lesions, in particular when they are mixed. The agreement on the size of the lesions is fairly good. The probability of the same allocation to the Vienna categories of a single case is 87 per cent, disagreements remaining in dysplasia grading, between dysplasia, not only high-grade but also low-grade, and in situ carcinoma, and on cancer invasion of the lamina propria. The results indicate that use of the Paris and Vienna classifications has reduced the discrepancies between Western and Japanese endoscopists and pathologists in the diagnosis of these lesions.

Morton's metatarsalgia: sonographic findings and correlated histopathology.

PubMed

Read, J W; Noakes, J B; Kerr, D; Crichton, K J; Slater, H K; Bonar, F

1999-03-01

The results of 79 high resolution ultrasound examinations of the forefoot that were performed for suspected Morton's metatarsalgia were retrospectively assessed. Scans were only obtained if the pain was poorly localized or if there were atypical features that made the clinical diagnosis uncertain. Ultrasound detected 92 hypoechoic intermetatarsal web space masses in 63 patients. Surgery was performed on 23 web spaces in 22 patients where the response to nonsurgical management had been poor. The surgical specimens were retrieved and reviewed by a pathologist in 21 cases. The histopathology in 20 of 21 operated cases was that of Morton's neuroma; however, prominent mucoid degeneration was also found to involve the adjacent loose fibroadipose tissues in 19 of 20 neuroma specimens. Ultrasound was sensitive in the detection of web space abnormality (sensitivity, 0.95), but could not clearly separate Morton's neuroma from associated mass-like mucoid degeneration in the adjacent loose connective tissues. The implications of these observations for both diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

[Proposal for the classification of the periprosthetic membrane from loosened hip and knee endoprostheses].

PubMed

Morawietz, L; Gehrke, Th; Classen, R-A; Barden, B; Otto, M; Hansen, T; Aigner, Th; Stiehl, P; Neidel, J; Schröder, J H; Frommelt, L; Schubert, Th; Meyer-Scholten, C; König, A; Ströbel, Ph; Rader, Ch P; Kirschner, S; Lintner, F; Rüther, W; Skwara, A; Bos, I; Kriegsmann, J; Krenn, V

2004-09-01

After 10 years, loosening of total joint endoprostheses occurs in about 3 to 10 percent of all patients, requiring elaborate revision surgery. A periprosthetic membrane is routinely found between bone and loosened prosthesis. Further histomorphological examination allows determination of the etiology of the loosening process. Aim of this study is the introduction of clearly defined histopathological criteria for a standardized evaluation of the periprosthetic membrane. Based on histomorphological criteria and polarized light microscopy, four types of the periprosthetic membrane were defined: periprosthetic membrane of wear particle type (type I), periprosthetic membrane of infectious type (type II), periprosthetic membrane of combined type (type III), periprosthetic membrane of indifferent type (type IV). Periprosthetic membranes of 268 patients were analyzed according to the defined criteria. The correlation between histopathological and microbiological diagnosis was high (89%, p<0,001), the inter-observer reproducibility was sufficient (95%). This classification system enables a standardized diagnostic procedure and therefore is a basis for further studies concerning the etiology of and pathogenesis of prosthesis loosening.

Developing a methodology for three-dimensional correlation of PET–CT images and whole-mount histopathology in non-small-cell lung cancer

PubMed Central

Dahele, M.; Hwang, D.; Peressotti, C.; Sun, L.; Kusano, M.; Okhai, S.; Darling, G.; Yaffe, M.; Caldwell, C.; Mah, K.; Hornby, J.; Ehrlich, L.; Raphael, S.; Tsao, M.; Behzadi, A.; Weigensberg, C.; Ung, Y.C.

2008-01-01

Background Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) volumetric relationship between imaging and functional or histopathologic heterogeneity of tumours is a key concept in the development of image-guided radiotherapy. Our aim was to develop a methodologic framework to enable the reconstruction of resected lung specimens containing non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc), to register the result in 3D with diagnostic imaging, and to import the reconstruction into a radiation treatment planning system. Methods and Results We recruited 12 patients for an investigation of radiology–pathology correlation (rpc) in nsclc. Before resection, imaging by positron emission tomography (pet) or computed tomography (ct) was obtained. Resected specimens were formalin-fixed for 1–24 hours before sectioning at 3-mm to 10-mm intervals. To try to retain the original shape, we embedded the specimens in agar before sectioning. Consecutive sections were laid out for photography and manually adjusted to maintain shape. Following embedding, the tissue blocks underwent whole-mount sectioning (4-μm sections) and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Large histopathology slides were used to whole-mount entire sections for digitization. The correct sequence was maintained to assist in subsequent reconstruction. Using Photoshop (Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, CA, U.S.A.), contours were placed on the photographic images to represent the external borders of the section and the extent of macroscopic disease. Sections were stacked in sequence and manually oriented in Photoshop. The macroscopic tumour contours were then transferred to MATLAB (The Mathworks, Natick, MA, U.S.A.) and stacked, producing 3D surface renderings of the resected specimen and embedded gross tumour. To evaluate the microscopic extent of disease, customized “tile-based” and commercial confocal panoramic laser scanning (TISSUEscope: Biomedical Photometrics, Waterloo, ON) systems were used to generate digital images of whole-mount histopathology sections. Using the digital whole-mount images and imaging software, we contoured the gross and microscopic extent of disease. Two methods of registering pathology and imaging were used. First, selected pet and ct images were transferred into Photoshop, where they were contoured, stacked, and reconstructed. After importing the pathology and the imaging contours to MATLAB, the contours were reconstructed, manually rotated, and rigidly registered. In the second method, MATLAB tumour renderings were exported to a software platform for manual registration with the original pet and ct images in multiple planes. Data from this software platform were then exported to the Pinnacle radiation treatment planning system in dicom (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) format. Conclusions There is no one definitive method for 3D volumetric rpc in nsclc. An innovative approach to the 3D reconstruction of resected nsclc specimens incorporates agar embedding of the specimen and whole-mount digital histopathology. The reconstructions can be rigidly and manually registered to imaging modalities such as ct and pet and exported to a radiation treatment planning system. PMID:19008992

Ultrasound and MRI of Pediatric Ocular Masses with Histopathologic Correlation

PubMed Central

Brennan, Rachel C.; Wilson, Matthew W.; Kaste, Sue; Helton, Kathleen J.; McCarville, M. Beth

2012-01-01

We review our experience with unusual ocular pathologies mimicking retinoblastoma that were referred to our institution over the past two decades. After presenting the imaging anatomy of the normal eye, we discuss pertinent clinical and pathological features, and illustrate the ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging appearance of retinoblastoma, medulloepithelioma, uveal melanoma, persistent fetal vasculature, Coats disease, corneal dermoid, retinal dysplasia and toxocara granuloma. Features useful in discriminating between these entities are emphasized. PMID:22466750

Raman spectroscopy for prostate cancer detection and characterization (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aubertin, Kelly; Trinh, Quoc-Huy; Jermyn, Michael; St-Pierre, Catherine; Vladoiu, Maria-Claudia; Grosset, Andrée.-Anne; Saad, Fred; Trudel, Dominique; Leblond, Frédéric

2017-02-01

Prostate cancer is the most frequent diagnosed cancers among men. When prostate cancer occurs, the cancer does not result in only one or few localized malignant tumor, but is generally spread within the whole prostate. In order to counteract the very high level of heterogeneities exhibited by prostate tissues, we developed a method for high-resolution co-registration of Raman spectroscopy with prostate cancer diagnosis. Raman spectra were acquired on fresh ex vivo prostate within 2 hours after radical prostatectomy using a multi-wavelength hand-held contact probe. After the measurements, the prostate was reintegrated to the usual pathological workflow: formalin fixated and paraffin embedded (FFPE), and prepared for microscope histopathological analyses. The precise reconstruction of the prostate slice with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) tissue allows the spatial correlation of the measured area (0.2 mm2) with the correspondent histopathological information, for point-by-point diagnosis determination. The tissue was classified into groups (normal/cancer) and subgroups according to the percentage of benign glands, stroma or cancer. Different machine learning algorithms were tested to classify the spectra with increasing levels of categorization. Preliminary results showed that Raman spectroscopy is capable of detecting prostate cancer with an accuracy >90%. In addition, high percentages of stroma (vs. glands) have been correlated with spectral signature of collagen, which is the main constituent of extracellular matrix.

Microembolism and catheter ablation II: effects of cerebral microemboli injection in a canine model.

PubMed

Haines, David E; Stewart, Mark T; Barka, Noah D; Kirchhof, Nicole; Lentz, Linnea R; Reinking, Nicki M; Urban, Jon F; Halimi, Franck; Deneke, Thomas; Kanal, Emanuel

2013-02-01

Asymptomatic cerebral lesions have been observed on diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) scans shortly after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, but the pathogenesis of these lesions is incompletely understood. Twelve dogs underwent selective catheterization of the internal carotid or vertebral arteries. Either a microbubbled mixture of air (1.0-4.0 mL), blood, contrast, and saline (n=5), or heat-dried pulverized blood (particle size <600 μm) mixed with saline and contrast (n=6) was injected. One sham control experiment was performed. MRI scans were performed preinjection, and at 1, 2, and 4 days postinjection. Neurological tests were performed daily. Gross pathology and histopathology were performed on the brains after being euthanized on day 4. Three animals died <24 hours after injection. Hyperintense lesions were observed on DWI (median maximum diameter 3.1 mm) in 2 of 4 animals after air embolism and in 3 of 5 animals after particulate embolism. No DWI lesions were detected in the remaining 5 animals (including the sham control). Lesions seen on DWI and confirmed on the fluid attenuating inversion recovery sequence correlated well with anatomic lesions on histopathology. Cerebral embolization of air microbubbles or microparticulate debris that approximate the embolic sources from catheter ablation can create hyperintense DWI punctate lesions in a canine model. The location and size of the DWI/fluid attenuating inversion recovery lesions correlate with pathological findings.

Assessing liver fibrosis: comparison of arterial enhancement fraction and diffusion-weighted imaging.

PubMed

Bonekamp, David; Bonekamp, Susanne; Ou, Hsin-You; Torbenson, Michael S; Corona-Villalobos, Celia Pamela; Mezey, Esteban; Kamel, Ihab R

2014-11-01

Noninvasive markers have been developed to reduce the need for liver biopsy. The aim of this study was to compare the strength of association of the arterial enhancement fraction (AEF), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and serum biomarkers for staging hepatic fibrosis. Eighty-five patients with chronic liver disease underwent triple-phase contrast-enhanced MRI, used to calculate AEF, and diffusion-weighted MRI (b = 0,750 s/mm(2) ), used to calculate ADC. Hepatic fibrosis was staged according METAVIR criteria. The overall association of the four biomarkers (AEF, ADC, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index [APRI]) was compared using nonparametric tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, using histopathologic analysis as the reference standard. AEF and ADC values differed significantly between histopathologic fibrosis stages. AEF values correlated with fibrosis stage, ADC values correlated negatively with fibrosis stage. Compared with ADC, AEF showed a trend toward an improved capability of discriminating fibrosis stages. A weighted composite score of AEF and ADC had significantly better diagnostic accuracy than ADC alone (P ≤ 0.023). Imaging parameters had a significantly better diagnostic accuracy than AST/ALT ratio or APRI. AEF may be able to detect the presence of mild, moderate, and advanced liver fibrosis, and its value is increased with concomitant use of ADC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.