Using machine learning to identify structural breaks in single-group interrupted time series designs.

PubMed

Linden, Ariel; Yarnold, Paul R

2016-12-01

Single-group interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) is a popular evaluation methodology in which a single unit of observation is being studied, the outcome variable is serially ordered as a time series and the intervention is expected to 'interrupt' the level and/or trend of the time series, subsequent to its introduction. Given that the internal validity of the design rests on the premise that the interruption in the time series is associated with the introduction of the treatment, treatment effects may seem less plausible if a parallel trend already exists in the time series prior to the actual intervention. Thus, sensitivity analyses should focus on detecting structural breaks in the time series before the intervention. In this paper, we introduce a machine-learning algorithm called optimal discriminant analysis (ODA) as an approach to determine if structural breaks can be identified in years prior to the initiation of the intervention, using data from California's 1988 voter-initiated Proposition 99 to reduce smoking rates. The ODA analysis indicates that numerous structural breaks occurred prior to the actual initiation of Proposition 99 in 1989, including perfect structural breaks in 1983 and 1985, thereby casting doubt on the validity of treatment effects estimated for the actual intervention when using a single-group ITSA design. Given the widespread use of ITSA for evaluating observational data and the increasing use of machine-learning techniques in traditional research, we recommend that structural break sensitivity analysis is routinely incorporated in all research using the single-group ITSA design. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

49 CFR Appendix E to Part 236 - Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Design

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... operator to change position; (4) Arrange controls according to their expected order of use; (5) Group similar controls together; (6) Design for high stimulus-response compatibility (geometric and conceptual); (7) Design safety-critical controls to require more than one positive action to activate (e.g., auto...

49 CFR Appendix E to Part 236 - Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Design

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... operator to change position; (4) Arrange controls according to their expected order of use; (5) Group similar controls together; (6) Design for high stimulus-response compatibility (geometric and conceptual); (7) Design safety-critical controls to require more than one positive action to activate (e.g., auto...

49 CFR Appendix E to Part 236 - Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Design

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... operator to change position; (4) Arrange controls according to their expected order of use; (5) Group similar controls together; (6) Design for high stimulus-response compatibility (geometric and conceptual); (7) Design safety-critical controls to require more than one positive action to activate (e.g., auto...

49 CFR Appendix E to Part 236 - Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Design

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... operator to change position; (4) Arrange controls according to their expected order of use; (5) Group similar controls together; (6) Design for high stimulus-response compatibility (geometric and conceptual); (7) Design safety-critical controls to require more than one positive action to activate (e.g., auto...

49 CFR Appendix E to Part 236 - Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Design

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... operator to change position; (4) Arrange controls according to their expected order of use; (5) Group similar controls together; (6) Design for high stimulus-response compatibility (geometric and conceptual); (7) Design safety-critical controls to require more than one positive action to activate (e.g., auto...

Mitigating Stress, Workload, and Fatigue on the Electronic Battlefield

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-28

left up to graphic designers , marketers, and advertisers (Teague & Whitney, 2002). Such research relies on focus groups and samples of opinion as to...cont. • Previous Research on Menu Design – Color coding • Tullis, 1981; Yeh & Wickens 2001 – Grouping • Kahneman & Henick, 1977; Winzenz, 1972... research (Sheridan, 2002). The issue of control is a vital one since it is evident that we still design as though the machine system is to react

Investigating the impact of a LEGO(TM)-based, engineering-oriented curriculum compared to an inquiry-based curriculum on fifth graders' content learning of simple machines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marulcu, Ismail

This mixed method study examined the impact of a LEGO-based, engineering-oriented curriculum compared to an inquiry-based curriculum on fifth graders' content learning of simple machines. This study takes a social constructivist theoretical stance that science learning involves learning scientific concepts and their relations to each other. From this perspective, students are active participants, and they construct their conceptual understanding through the guidance of their teacher. With the goal of better understanding the use of engineering education materials in classrooms the National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council in the book "Engineering in K-12 Education" conducted an in-depth review of the potential benefits of including engineering in K--12 schools as (a) improved learning and achievement in science and mathematics, (b) increased awareness of engineering and the work of engineers, (c) understanding of and the ability to engage in engineering design, (d) interest in pursuing engineering as a career, and (e) increased technological literacy (Katehi, Pearson, & Feder, 2009). However, they also noted a lack of reliable data and rigorous research to support these assertions. Data sources included identical written tests and interviews, classroom observations and videos, teacher interviews, and classroom artifacts. To investigate the impact of the design-based simple machines curriculum compared to the scientific inquiry-based simple machines curriculum on student learning outcomes, I compared the control and the experimental groups' scores on the tests and interviews by using ANCOVA. To analyze and characterize the classroom observation videotapes, I used Jordan and Henderson's (1995) method and divide them into episodes. My analyses revealed that the design-based Design a People Mover: Simple Machines unit was, if not better, as successful as the inquiry-based FOSS Levers and Pulleys unit in terms of students' content learning. I also found that students in the engineering group outperformed students in the control group in regards to their ability to answer open-ended questions when interviewed. Implications for students' science content learning and teachers' professional development are discussed.

Effects of the sliding rehabilitation machine on balance and gait in chronic stroke patients - a controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Byun, Seung-Deuk; Jung, Tae-Du; Kim, Chul-Hyun; Lee, Yang-Soo

2011-05-01

To investigate the effects of a sliding rehabilitation machine on balance and gait in chronic stroke patients. A non-randomized crossover design. Inpatient rehabilitation in a general hospital. Thirty patients with chronic stroke who had medium or high falling risk as determined by the Berg Balance Scale. Participants were divided into two groups and underwent four weeks of training. Group A (n = 15) underwent training with the sliding rehabilitation machine for two weeks with concurrent conventional training, followed by conventional training only for another two weeks. Group B (n = 15) underwent the same training in reverse order. The effect of the experimental period was defined as the sum of changes during training with sliding rehabilitation machine in each group, and the effect of the control period was defined as those during the conventional training only in each group. Functional Ambulation Category, Berg Balance Scale, Six-Minute Walk Test, Timed Up and Go Test, Korean Modified Barthel Index, Modified Ashworth Scale and Manual Muscle Test. Statistically significant improvements were observed in all parameters except Modified Ashworth Scale in the experimental period, but only in Six-Minute Walk Test (P < 0.01) in the control period. There were also statistically significant differences in the degree of change in all parameters in the experimental period as compared to the control period. The sliding rehabilitation machine may be a useful tool for the improvement of balance and gait abilities in chronic stroke patients.

Program Helps Decompose Complex Design Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, James L., Jr.; Hall, Laura E.

1994-01-01

DeMAID (A Design Manager's Aid for Intelligent Decomposition) computer program is knowledge-based software system for ordering sequence of modules and identifying possible multilevel structure for design problem. Groups modular subsystems on basis of interactions among them. Saves considerable money and time in total design process, particularly in new design problem in which order of modules has not been defined. Available in two machine versions: Macintosh and Sun.

Problem Solving and Training Guide for Shipyard Industrial Engineers

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

Design Integration Tools Building 192 Room 128 9500 MacArthur Blvd Bethesda, MD 20817-5700 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING...called upon to increase the knowledge about industrial engineering of some shipyard group. The Curriculum is seen especially as a tool to identify new...materials on all common machine shop tools . Data permits calculation of machining time. 085 Ostwald, Phillip F. AMERICAN MACHINIST MANUFACTURING COST

10 CFR 431.383 - Enforcement process for electric motors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... general purpose electric motor of equivalent electrical design and enclosure rather than replacing the... equivalent electrical design and enclosure rather than machining and attaching an endshield. ... sample of up to 20 units will then be randomly selected from one or more subdivided groups within the...

Computer network defense system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Urias, Vincent; Stout, William M. S.; Loverro, Caleb

A method and apparatus for protecting virtual machines. A computer system creates a copy of a group of the virtual machines in an operating network in a deception network to form a group of cloned virtual machines in the deception network when the group of the virtual machines is accessed by an adversary. The computer system creates an emulation of components from the operating network in the deception network. The components are accessible by the group of the cloned virtual machines as if the group of the cloned virtual machines was in the operating network. The computer system moves networkmore » connections for the group of the virtual machines in the operating network used by the adversary from the group of the virtual machines in the operating network to the group of the cloned virtual machines, enabling protecting the group of the virtual machines from actions performed by the adversary.« less

A Critical Review of Options for Tool and Workpiece Sensing

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-02

Tool Temperature Control ." International Machine Tool Design Res., Vol. 7, pp. 465-75, 1967. 5. Cook, N. H., Subramanian, K., and Basile, S. A...if necessury and identify by block riumber) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP 1. Detectors 3. Control Equipment 1 08 2. Sensor Characteristics 4. Process Control ...will provide conceptual designs and recommend a system (Continued) 20. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21 ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 0

Prevalence and associated factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders among commercial milling machine operators in South-Eastern Nigerian markets.

PubMed

Ojukwu, Chidiebele Petronilla; Anyanwu, Godson Emeka; Nwabueze, Augustine Chijindu; Anekwu, Emelie Morris; Chukwu, Sylvester Caesar

2017-01-01

Milling machine operators perform physically demanding tasks that can lead to work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), but literature on WRMSDs among milling machine operators is scarce. Knowledge of prevalence and risk factors of WRMSDs can be an appropriate base for planning and implementing ergonomics intervention programs in the workplace. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern and associated factors of WRMSDs among commercial milling machine operators in Enugu, Nigeria. This cross-sectional survey involved 148 commercial milling machine operators (74 hand-operated milling machine operators (HOMMO) and 74 electrically-operated milling machine operators (EOMMO)), within the age range of 18-65 years, who were conveniently selected from four markets in Enugu, Nigeria. A standard Nordic questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of WRMSDs among the participants. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. There was a significant difference (p = 0.001) related to prevalence of WRMSDs between HOMMOs (77%) and EOMMOs (50%). All body parts were affected in both groups and shoulders (85.1%) and lower back (46%) had the highest percentage of prevalence. Working in awkward and same postures, working with injury, poor workplace design, repetition of tasks, vibratory working equipments, reduced rest, high job demand and heavy lifting were significantly associated with the prevalence of WRMSDs. WRMSDs are prevalent among commercial milling machine operators with higher occurrence in HOMMOs. Ergonomic interventions, including the re-design of milling machines and appropriate work posture education of machine operators are recommended in the milling industry.

The impact of design variables and aftercare regime on the long-term performance of pressure garments.

PubMed

Macintyre, Lisa; Gilmartin, Sian; Rae, Michelle

2007-01-01

We sought to establish the impact of pressure garment design variables, moisturizer use, and laundry method on the ability of pressure garments to maintain their pressure delivering potential, indicated here by garment tension, over time and use. Twenty-six sets of three replicate pressure garment sleeves were constructed from four powernet fabrics, using three reduction factors and six sleeve dimensions. These pressure garment sleeves were extended for 23 hours on static cylinder models followed by hand or machine laundry up to 28 times. Some sleeves were additionally exposed to moisturizers during their extension. Garment tension and dimensions were measured before and during the simulated wear and wash period to indicate each garment's ability to maintain its tension and therefore pressure throughout a period of "use." The results of the investigation were analyzed in groups where each group contained only 1 variable, thereby allowing the variables with the most significant impact on tension degradation to be identified. The investigation confirmed that all pressure garments lost tension and therefore pressure delivering ability over time and use. It further revealed that pressure garments designed to exert greater pressures degraded faster than those designed to exert lower pressures. Contact between pressure garments and moisturizers accelerated tension degradation, and machine-washing pressure garments tended to prolong their pressure-delivering properties compared with hand-washing them. To maintain the initial pressure delivered by pressure garments, powernet fabrics should be prestressed before being designed/constructed and they should be machine-washed by patients.

Methodology for creating dedicated machine and algorithm on sunflower counting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muracciole, Vincent; Plainchault, Patrick; Mannino, Maria-Rosaria; Bertrand, Dominique; Vigouroux, Bertrand

2007-09-01

In order to sell grain lots in European countries, seed industries need a government certification. This certification requests purity testing, seed counting in order to quantify specified seed species and other impurities in lots, and germination testing. These analyses are carried out within the framework of international trade according to the methods of the International Seed Testing Association. Presently these different analyses are still achieved manually by skilled operators. Previous works have already shown that seeds can be characterized by around 110 visual features (morphology, colour, texture), and thus have presented several identification algorithms. Until now, most of the works in this domain are computer based. The approach presented in this article is based on the design of dedicated electronic vision machine aimed to identify and sort seeds. This machine is composed of a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and a PC bearing the GUI (Human Machine Interface) of the system. Its operation relies on the stroboscopic image acquisition of a seed falling in front of a camera. A first machine was designed according to this approach, in order to simulate all the vision chain (image acquisition, feature extraction, identification) under the Matlab environment. In order to perform this task into dedicated hardware, all these algorithms were developed without the use of the Matlab toolbox. The objective of this article is to present a design methodology for a special purpose identification algorithm based on distance between groups into dedicated hardware machine for seed counting.

Development of an automatic subsea blowout preventer stack control system using PLC based SCADA.

PubMed

Cai, Baoping; Liu, Yonghong; Liu, Zengkai; Wang, Fei; Tian, Xiaojie; Zhang, Yanzhen

2012-01-01

An extremely reliable remote control system for subsea blowout preventer stack is developed based on the off-the-shelf triple modular redundancy system. To meet a high reliability requirement, various redundancy techniques such as controller redundancy, bus redundancy and network redundancy are used to design the system hardware architecture. The control logic, human-machine interface graphical design and redundant databases are developed by using the off-the-shelf software. A series of experiments were performed in laboratory to test the subsea blowout preventer stack control system. The results showed that the tested subsea blowout preventer functions could be executed successfully. For the faults of programmable logic controllers, discrete input groups and analog input groups, the control system could give correct alarms in the human-machine interface. Copyright © 2011 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Behavioral Modeling for Mental Health using Machine Learning Algorithms.

PubMed

Srividya, M; Mohanavalli, S; Bhalaji, N

2018-04-03

Mental health is an indicator of emotional, psychological and social well-being of an individual. It determines how an individual thinks, feels and handle situations. Positive mental health helps one to work productively and realize their full potential. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Many factors contribute to mental health problems which lead to mental illness like stress, social anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, drug addiction, and personality disorders. It is becoming increasingly important to determine the onset of the mental illness to maintain proper life balance. The nature of machine learning algorithms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be fully harnessed for predicting the onset of mental illness. Such applications when implemented in real time will benefit the society by serving as a monitoring tool for individuals with deviant behavior. This research work proposes to apply various machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines, decision trees, naïve bayes classifier, K-nearest neighbor classifier and logistic regression to identify state of mental health in a target group. The responses obtained from the target group for the designed questionnaire were first subject to unsupervised learning techniques. The labels obtained as a result of clustering were validated by computing the Mean Opinion Score. These cluster labels were then used to build classifiers to predict the mental health of an individual. Population from various groups like high school students, college students and working professionals were considered as target groups. The research presents an analysis of applying the aforementioned machine learning algorithms on the target groups and also suggests directions for future work.

Modularity in robotic systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tesar, Delbert; Butler, Michael S.

1989-01-01

Most robotic systems today are designed one at a time, at a high cost of time and money. This wasteful approach has been necessary because the industry has not established a foundation for the continued evolution of intelligent machines. The next generation of robots will have to be generic, versatile machines capable of absorbing new technology rapidly and economically. This approach is demonstrated in the success of the personal computer, which can be upgraded or expanded with new software and hardware at virtually every level. Modularity is perceived as a major opportunity to reduce the 6 to 7 year design cycle time now required for new robotic manipulators, greatly increasing the breadth and speed of diffusion of robotic systems in manufacturing. Modularity and its crucial role in the next generation of intelligent machines are the focus of interest. The main advantages that modularity provides are examined; types of modules needed to create a generic robot are discussed. Structural modules designed by the robotics group at the University of Texas at Austin are examined to demonstrate the advantages of modular design.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCarthy, J.M.

The theory and methodology of design of general-purpose machines that may be controlled by a computer to perform all the tasks of a set of special-purpose machines is the focus of modern machine design research. These seventeen contributions chronicle recent activity in the analysis and design of robot manipulators that are the prototype of these general-purpose machines. They focus particularly on kinematics, the geometry of rigid-body motion, which is an integral part of machine design theory. The challenges to kinematics researchers presented by general-purpose machines such as the manipulator are leading to new perspectives in the design and control ofmore » simpler machines with two, three, and more degrees of freedom. Researchers are rethinking the uses of gear trains, planar mechanisms, adjustable mechanisms, and computer controlled actuators in the design of modern machines.« less

Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Adaptation of Single-Unit Screw-Retained Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture Abutments After Mechanical Cycling.

PubMed

Markarian, Roberto Adrian; Galles, Deborah Pedroso; Gomes França, Fabiana Mantovani

To measure the microgap between dental implants and custom abutments fabricated using different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) methods before and after mechanical cycling. CAD software (Dental System, 3Shape) was used to design a custom abutment for a single-unit, screw-retained crown compatible with a 4.1-mm external hexagon dental implant. The resulting stereolithography file was sent for manufacturing using four CAD/CAM methods (n = 40): milling and sintering of zirconium dioxide (ZO group), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) sintered via selective laser melting (SLM group), fully sintered machined Co-Cr alloy (MM group), and machined and sintered agglutinated Co-Cr alloy powder (AM group). Prefabricated titanium abutments (TI group) were used as controls. Each abutment was placed on a dental implant measuring 4.1× 11 mm (SA411, SIN) inserted into an aluminum block. Measurements were taken using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (×4,000) on four regions of the implant-abutment interface (IAI) and at a relative distance of 90 degrees from each other. The specimens were mechanically aged (1 million cycles, 2 Hz, 100 N, 37°C) and the IAI width was measured again using the same approach. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test. After mechanical cycling, the best adaptation results were obtained from the TI (2.29 ± 1.13 μm), AM (3.58 ± 1.80 μm), and MM (1.89 ± 0.98 μm) groups. A significantly worse adaptation outcome was observed for the SLM (18.40 ± 20.78 μm) and ZO (10.42 ± 0.80 μm) groups. Mechanical cycling had a marked effect only on the AM specimens, which significantly increased the microgap at the IAI. Custom abutments fabricated using fully sintered machined Co-Cr alloy and machined and sintered agglutinated Co-Cr alloy powder demonstrated the best adaptation results at the IAI, similar to those obtained with commercial prefabricated titanium abutments after mechanical cycling. The adaptation of custom abutments made by means of SLM or milling and sintering of zirconium dioxide were worse both before and after mechanical cycling.

Design and construction of coke battery 1A at Radlin coke plant, Poland

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

A.M. Kravchenko; D.P. Yarmoshik; V.B. Kamenyuka

In the design and construction of coke battery 1A at Radlin coke plant (Poland), coking of rammed coke with a stationary system was employed for the first time. The coke batteries are grouped in blocks. Safety railings are provided on the coke and machine sides of the maintenance areas.

Do warning signs on electronic gaming machines influence irrational cognitions?

PubMed

Monaghan, Sally; Blaszczynski, Alex; Nower, Lia

2009-08-01

Electronic gaming machines are popular among problem gamblers; in response, governments have introduced "responsible gaming" legislation incorporating the mandatory display of warning signs on or near electronic gaming machines. These signs are designed to correct irrational and erroneous beliefs through the provision of accurate information on probabilities of winning and the concept of randomness. There is minimal empirical data evaluating the effectiveness of such signs. In this study, 93 undergraduate students were randomly allocated to standard and informative messages displayed on an electronic gaming machine during play in a laboratory setting. Results revealed that a majority of participants incorrectly estimated gambling odds and reported irrational gambling-related cognitions prior to play. In addition, there were no significant between-group differences, and few participants recalled the content of messages or modified their gambling-related cognitions. Signs placed on electronic gaming machines may not modify irrational beliefs or alter gambling behaviour.

The Machine / Job Features Mechanism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alef, M.; Cass, T.; Keijser, J. J.

Within the HEPiX virtualization group and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid’s Machine/Job Features Task Force, a mechanism has been developed which provides access to detailed information about the current host and the current job to the job itself. This allows user payloads to access meta information, independent of the current batch system or virtual machine model. The information can be accessed either locally via the filesystem on a worker node, or remotely via HTTP(S) from a webserver. This paper describes the final version of the specification from 2016 which was published as an HEP Software Foundation technical note, and themore » design of the implementations of this version for batch and virtual machine platforms. We discuss early experiences with these implementations and how they can be exploited by experiment frameworks.« less

The machine/job features mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alef, M.; Cass, T.; Keijser, J. J.; McNab, A.; Roiser, S.; Schwickerath, U.; Sfiligoi, I.

2017-10-01

Within the HEPiX virtualization group and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid’s Machine/Job Features Task Force, a mechanism has been developed which provides access to detailed information about the current host and the current job to the job itself. This allows user payloads to access meta information, independent of the current batch system or virtual machine model. The information can be accessed either locally via the filesystem on a worker node, or remotely via HTTP(S) from a webserver. This paper describes the final version of the specification from 2016 which was published as an HEP Software Foundation technical note, and the design of the implementations of this version for batch and virtual machine platforms. We discuss early experiences with these implementations and how they can be exploited by experiment frameworks.

Gram staining with an automatic machine.

PubMed

Felek, S; Arslan, A

1999-01-01

This study was undertaken to develop a new Gram-staining machine controlled by a micro-controller and to investigate the quality of slides that were stained in the machine. The machine was designed and produced by the authors. It uses standard 220 V AC. Staining, washing, and drying periods are controlled by a timer built in the micro-controller. A software was made that contains a certain algorithm and time intervals for the staining mode. One-hundred and forty smears were prepared from Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria sp., blood culture, trypticase soy broth, direct pus and sputum smears for comparison studies. Half of the slides in each group were stained with the machine, the other half by hand and then examined by four different microbiologists. Machine-stained slides had a higher clarity and less debris than the hand-stained slides (p < 0.05). In hand-stained slides, some Gram-positive organisms showed poor Gram-positive staining features (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that Gram staining with the automatic machine increases the staining quality and helps to decrease the work load in a busy diagnostic laboratory.

Relationships Between the External and Internal Training Load in Professional Soccer: What Can We Learn From Machine Learning?

PubMed

Jaspers, Arne; De Beéck, Tim Op; Brink, Michel S; Frencken, Wouter G P; Staes, Filip; Davis, Jesse J; Helsen, Werner F

2018-05-01

Machine learning may contribute to understanding the relationship between the external load and internal load in professional soccer. Therefore, the relationship between external load indicators (ELIs) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was examined using machine learning techniques on a group and individual level. Training data were collected from 38 professional soccer players over 2 seasons. The external load was measured using global positioning system technology and accelerometry. The internal load was obtained using the RPE. Predictive models were constructed using 2 machine learning techniques, artificial neural networks and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models, and 1 naive baseline method. The predictions were based on a large set of ELIs. Using each technique, 1 group model involving all players and 1 individual model for each player were constructed. These models' performance on predicting the reported RPE values for future training sessions was compared with the naive baseline's performance. Both the artificial neural network and LASSO models outperformed the baseline. In addition, the LASSO model made more accurate predictions for the RPE than did the artificial neural network model. Furthermore, decelerations were identified as important ELIs. Regardless of the applied machine learning technique, the group models resulted in equivalent or better predictions for the reported RPE values than the individual models. Machine learning techniques may have added value in predicting RPE for future sessions to optimize training design and evaluation. These techniques may also be used in conjunction with expert knowledge to select key ELIs for load monitoring.

The effects of subcutaneous injection of nicotine on osseointegration of machined and anodized implants in rabbits.

PubMed

Linden, Maria Salete Sandini; Bittencourt, Marcos Eugênio de; Carli, João Paulo De; Miyagaki, Daniela Cristina; Santos, Pâmela Letícia Dos; Paranhos, Luiz Renato; Groppo, Francisco Carlos; Ramacciato, Juliana Cama

2018-01-01

To evaluate the influence of subcutaneous injection nicotine in osseointegration process on different implant surfaces. Twenty-two male rabbits were distributed into two groups according to the subcutaneous injections: (1) nicotine 3 mg/day/kg and (2) 0.9 % NaCI 3 mL/day/kg, three times a day; subgroups were then designated-machined and anodized implants were placed in the right and left tibia bones, respectively. The animals were submitted euthanasia after periods of eight weeks to determine nicotine and cotinine levels, alkaline phosphatase and biomechanical analysis. The plasmatic levels of nicotine and cotinine were 0.5 ± 0.28 ng/mL and 9.5 ± 6.51 ng/mL, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase analyses in blood levels in control group were observed 40.8 ± 11.88 UI/L and 40.75 ± 12.46 UI/L, for the surfaces machined and anodized, respectively. In the test group was observed levels 37.9 ± 4.84 UI/L, for both implant surfaces. No significant differences were observed between control and test groups and between the implant surfaces regarding alkaline phosphatase blood levels. For biomechanics, no significant differences were observed in control group between the machined (25±8.46 Ncm) or anodized (31.2 ± 6.76 Ncm) implants. However, the treatment with nicotine induced higher torque than control in both machined (38.3 ± 13.52 Ncm) and anodized (35.5 ± 14.17 Ncm) implants, with p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0121, respectively. Subcutaneous injection of nicotine following implant insertion didn't have effect on osseointegration, independently from the implant surface.

On the decomposition of synchronous state mechines using sequence invariant state machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hebbalalu, K.; Whitaker, S.; Cameron, K.

1992-01-01

This paper presents a few techniques for the decomposition of Synchronous State Machines of medium to large sizes into smaller component machines. The methods are based on the nature of the transitions and sequences of states in the machine and on the number and variety of inputs to the machine. The results of the decomposition, and of using the Sequence Invariant State Machine (SISM) Design Technique for generating the component machines, include great ease and quickness in the design and implementation processes. Furthermore, there is increased flexibility in making modifications to the original design leading to negligible re-design time.

Static Frequency Converter System Installed and Tested

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Donald P.; Sadhukhan, Debashis

2003-01-01

A new Static Frequency Converter (SFC) system has been installed and tested at the NASA Glenn Research Center s Central Air Equipment Building to provide consistent, reduced motor start times and improved reliability for the building s 14 large exhausters and compressors. The operational start times have been consistent around 2 min, 20 s per machine. This is at least a 3-min improvement (per machine) over the old variable-frequency motor generator sets. The SFC was designed and built by Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) and installed by Encompass Design Group (EDG) as part of a Construction of Facilities project managed by Glenn (Robert Scheidegger, project manager). The authors designed the Central Process Distributed Control Systems interface and control between the programmable logic controller, solid-state exciter, and switchgear, which was constructed by Gilcrest Electric.

Evaluation of machinability and flexural strength of a novel dental machinable glass-ceramic.

PubMed

Qin, Feng; Zheng, Shucan; Luo, Zufeng; Li, Yong; Guo, Ling; Zhao, Yunfeng; Fu, Qiang

2009-10-01

To evaluate the machinability and flexural strength of a novel dental machinable glass-ceramic (named PMC), and to compare the machinability property with that of Vita Mark II and human enamel. The raw batch materials were selected and mixed. Four groups of novel glass-ceramics were formed at different nucleation temperatures, and were assigned to Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4. The machinability of the four groups of novel glass-ceramics, Vita Mark II ceramic and freshly extracted human premolars were compared by means of drilling depth measurement. A three-point bending test was used to measure the flexural strength of the novel glass-ceramics. The crystalline phases of the group with the best machinability were identified by X-ray diffraction. In terms of the drilling depth, Group 2 of the novel glass-ceramics proves to have the largest drilling depth. There was no statistical difference among Group 1, Group 4 and the natural teeth. The drilling depth of Vita MK II was statistically less than that of Group 1, Group 4 and the natural teeth. Group 3 had the least drilling depth. In respect of the flexural strength, Group 2 exhibited the maximum flexural strength; Group 1 was statistically weaker than Group 2; there was no statistical difference between Group 3 and Group 4, and they were the weakest materials. XRD of Group 2 ceramic showed that a new type of dental machinable glass-ceramic containing calcium-mica had been developed by the present study and was named PMC. PMC is promising for application as a dental machinable ceramic due to its good machinability and relatively high strength.

Design Control Systems of Human Machine Interface in the NTVS-2894 Seat Grinder Machine to Increase the Productivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ardi, S.; Ardyansyah, D.

2018-02-01

In the Manufacturing of automotive spare parts, increased sales of vehicles is resulted in increased demand for production of engine valve of the customer. To meet customer demand, we carry out improvement and overhaul of the NTVS-2894 seat grinder machine on a machining line. NTVS-2894 seat grinder machine has been decreased machine productivity, the amount of trouble, and the amount of downtime. To overcome these problems on overhaul the NTVS-2984 seat grinder machine include mechanical and programs, is to do the design and manufacture of HMI (Human Machine Interface) GP-4501T program. Because of the time prior to the overhaul, NTVS-2894 seat grinder machine does not have a backup HMI (Human Machine Interface) program. The goal of the design and manufacture in this program is to improve the achievement of production, and allows an operator to operate beside it easier to troubleshoot the NTVS-2894 seat grinder machine thereby reducing downtime on the NTVS-2894 seat grinder machine. The results after the design are HMI program successfully made it back, machine productivity increased by 34.8%, the amount of trouble, and downtime decreased 40% decrease from 3,160 minutes to 1,700 minutes. The implication of our design, it could facilitate the operator in operating machine and the technician easer to maintain and do the troubleshooting the machine problems.

The Captive Helicopter as a Training Device: Experimental Evaluation of a Concept. Technical Report 68-9.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caro, Paul W., Jr.; And Others

As part of the Army's effort to use synthetic devices to improve training, researchers evaluated a captive helicopter attached to a ground effects machine. Experimental groups received varying amounts of pre-flight practice tasks designed to develop flight skills, while control groups received no device training. Student flight performance during…

Towards Automatically Aligning German Compounds with English Word Groups in an Example-Based Translation System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Daniel; Alexa, Melina

As part of the development of a completely sub-symbolic machine translation system, a method for automatically identifying German compounds was developed. Given a parallel bilingual corpus, German compounds are identified along with their English word groupings by statistical processing alone. The underlying principles and the design process are…

Development of Handcraft Exercise Courses that Bring Out Student's Creativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Senda, Shinkoh; Yamamoto, Koji; Fukumori, Tutom; Matsuura, Hideo; Sato, Kazuo

We have developed a new type of handcraft exercise program that aims to stimulate student's creativity on the way of design and fabrication of the subject machines. Conventional handicraft exercise program used to aim at letting students learn procedures of machining operation in accordance with a designated manual. Students having experienced our conventional exercise did not fully satisfied at those programs because of the lack in a room for their idea and creativity. Authors, a group of both technical and academic staffs, have developed and started the new type of program since 2003 at the Creation Plaza in Nagoya University. Developed program is classified into grades according to the difference in technical contents required for students.

Cost Analysis of a Home-Based Nurse Care Coordination Program

PubMed Central

Marek, Karen Dorman; Stetzer, Frank; Adams, Scott J; Bub, Linda Denison; Schlidt, Andrea; Colorafi, Karen Jiggins

2014-01-01

Objectives To determine whether a home-based care coordination program focused on medication self-management would affect the cost of care to the Medicare program and whether the addition of technology, a medication-dispensing machine, would further reduce cost. Design Randomized, controlled, three-arm longitudinal study. Setting Participant homes in a large Midwestern urban area. Participants Older adults identified as having difficulty managing their medications at discharge from Medicare Home Health Care (N = 414). Intervention A team consisting of advanced practice nurses (APNs) and registered nurses (RNs) coordinated care for two groups: home-based nurse care coordination (NCC) plus a pill organizer group and NCC plus a medication-dispensing machine group. Measurements To measure cost, participant claims data from 2005 to 2011 were retrieved from Medicare Part A and B Standard Analytical Files. Results Ordinary least squares regression with covariate adjustment was used to estimate monthly dollar savings. Total Medicare costs were $447 per month lower in the NCC plus pill organizer group (P = .11) than in a control group that received usual care. For participants in the study at least 3 months, total Medicare costs were $491 lower per month in the NCC plus pill organizer group (P = .06) than in the control group. The cost of the NCC plus pill organizer intervention was $151 per month, yielding a net savings of $296 per month or $3,552 per year. The cost of the NCC plus medication-dispensing machine intervention was $251 per month, and total Medicare costs were $409 higher per month than in the NCC plus pill organizer group. Conclusion Nurse care coordination plus a pill organizer is a cost-effective intervention for frail elderly Medicare beneficiaries. The addition of the medication machine did not enhance the cost effectiveness of the intervention. PMID:25482242

In vitro evaluation of marginal discrepancy of monolithic zirconia restorations fabricated with different CAD-CAM systems.

PubMed

Hamza, Tamer A; Sherif, Rana M

2017-06-01

Dental laboratories use different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems to fabricate fixed prostheses; however, limited evidence is available concerning which system provides the best marginal discrepancy. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal fit of 5 different monolithic zirconia restorations milled with different CAD-CAM systems. Thirty monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated on a custom-designed stainless steel die and were divided into 5 groups according to the type of monolithic zirconia crown and the CAD-CAM system used: group TZ, milled with an MCXL milling machine; group CZ, translucent zirconia milled with a motion milling machine; group ZZ, zirconia milled with a dental milling unit; group PZ, translucent zirconia milled with a zirconia milling unit; and group BZ, solid zirconia milled using an S1 VHF milling machine. The marginal fit was measured with a binocular microscope at an original magnification of ×100. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and post hoc surface range test, and pairwise multiple comparisons were made using Bonferroni correction (α=.05). The type of CAD-CAM used affected the marginal fit of the monolithic restoration. The mean (±SD) highest marginal discrepancy was recorded in group TZI at 39.3 ±2.3 μm, while the least mean marginal discrepancy was recorded in group IZ (22.8 ±8.9 μm). The Bonferroni post hoc test showed that group TZI was significantly different from all other groups tested (P<.05). Within the limitation of this in vitro study, all tested CAD-CAM systems produced monolithic zirconia restorations with clinically acceptable marginal discrepancies; however, the CAD-CAM system with the 5-axis milling unit produced the best marginal fit. Copyright © 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Career Profiles- Aero-Mechanical Design- Operations Engineering Branch

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-10-26

NASA Armstrong’s Aeromechanical Design Group provides mechanical design solutions ranging from research and development to ground support equipment. With an aerospace or mechanical engineering background, team members use the latest computer-aided design software to create one-of-kind parts, assemblies, and drawings, and aid in the design’s fabrication and integration. Reverse engineering and inspection of Armstrong’s fleet of aircraft is made possible by using state-of-the-art coordinate measuring machines and laser scanning equipment.

Progress on SOFIA primary mirror

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geyl, Roland; Tarreau, Michel

2000-06-01

REOSC, SAGEM Group, has a significant contribution to the SOFIA project with the design and fabrication of the 2.7-m primary mirror and its fixtures as well as the M3 mirror tower assembly. This paper will primarily report the progress made on the primary mirror design and the first important manufacturing step: its lightweighting by machining pockets from the rear side of the blank.

Rural Renaissance. Revitalizing Small High Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ford, Edmund A.

Written in 1961, this document presents the rationales and applications of what were and still are, in most instances, considered innovative practices. Subjects discussed are building designs, teaching machines, educational television, flexible scheduling, multiple classes and small-group techniques, teacher assistants, shared services, and…

Assessing a Novel Method to Reduce Anesthesia Machine Contamination: A Prospective, Observational Trial.

PubMed

Biddle, Chuck J; George-Gay, Beverly; Prasanna, Praveen; Hill, Emily M; Davis, Thomas C; Verhulst, Brad

2018-01-01

Anesthesia machines are known reservoirs of bacterial species, potentially contributing to healthcare associated infections (HAIs). An inexpensive, disposable, nonpermeable, transparent anesthesia machine wrap (AMW) may reduce microbial contamination of the anesthesia machine. This study quantified the density and diversity of bacterial species found on anesthesia machines after terminal cleaning and between cases during actual anesthesia care to assess the impact of the AMW. We hypothesized reduced bioburden with the use of the AMW. In a prospective, experimental research design, the AMW was used in 11 surgical cases (intervention group) and not used in 11 control surgical cases. Cases were consecutively assigned to general surgical operating rooms. Seven frequently touched and difficult to disinfect "hot spots" were cultured on each machine preceding and following each case. The density and diversity of cultured colony forming units (CFUs) between the covered and uncovered machines were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Student's t -tests. There was a statistically significant reduction in CFU density and diversity when the AMW was employed. The protective effect of the AMW during regular anesthetic care provides a reliable and low-cost method to minimize the transmission of pathogens across patients and potentially reduces HAIs.

Manufacturing engineering: Principles for optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koenig, Daniel T.

Various subjects in the area of manufacturing engineering are addressed. The topics considered include: manufacturing engineering organization concepts and management techniques, factory capacity and loading techniques, capital equipment programs, machine tool and equipment selection and implementation, producibility engineering, methods, planning and work management, and process control engineering in job shops. Also discussed are: maintenance engineering, numerical control of machine tools, fundamentals of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture, computer-aided process planning and data collection, group technology basis for plant layout, environmental control and safety, and the Integrated Productivity Improvement Program.

A Boltzmann machine for the organization of intelligent machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moed, Michael C.; Saridis, George N.

1989-01-01

In the present technological society, there is a major need to build machines that would execute intelligent tasks operating in uncertain environments with minimum interaction with a human operator. Although some designers have built smart robots, utilizing heuristic ideas, there is no systematic approach to design such machines in an engineering manner. Recently, cross-disciplinary research from the fields of computers, systems AI and information theory has served to set the foundations of the emerging area of the design of intelligent machines. Since 1977 Saridis has been developing an approach, defined as Hierarchical Intelligent Control, designed to organize, coordinate and execute anthropomorphic tasks by a machine with minimum interaction with a human operator. This approach utilizes analytical (probabilistic) models to describe and control the various functions of the intelligent machine structured by the intuitively defined principle of Increasing Precision with Decreasing Intelligence (IPDI) (Saridis 1979). This principle, even though resembles the managerial structure of organizational systems (Levis 1988), has been derived on an analytic basis by Saridis (1988). The purpose is to derive analytically a Boltzmann machine suitable for optimal connection of nodes in a neural net (Fahlman, Hinton, Sejnowski, 1985). Then this machine will serve to search for the optimal design of the organization level of an intelligent machine. In order to accomplish this, some mathematical theory of the intelligent machines will be first outlined. Then some definitions of the variables associated with the principle, like machine intelligence, machine knowledge, and precision will be made (Saridis, Valavanis 1988). Then a procedure to establish the Boltzmann machine on an analytic basis will be presented and illustrated by an example in designing the organization level of an Intelligent Machine. A new search technique, the Modified Genetic Algorithm, is presented and proved to converge to the minimum of a cost function. Finally, simulations will show the effectiveness of a variety of search techniques for the intelligent machine.

Manufacturability of compact synchrotron mirrors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Douglas, Gary M.

1997-11-01

While many of the government funded research communities over the years have put their faith and money into increasingly larger synchrotrons, such as Spring8 in Japan, and the APS in the United States, a viable market appears to exist for smaller scale, research and commercial grade, compact synchrotrons. These smaller, and less expensive machines, provide the research and industrial communities with synchrotron radiation beamline access at a portion of the cost of their larger and more powerful counterparts. A compact synchrotron, such as the Aurora-2D, designed and built by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. of japan (SHI), is a small footprint synchrotron capable of sustaining 20 beamlines. Coupled with a Microtron injector, with 150 MeV of injection energy, an entire facility fits within a 27 meter [88.5 ft] square floorplan. The system, controlled by 2 personal computers, is capable of producing 700 MeV electron energy and 300 mA stored current. Recently, an Aurora-2D synchrotron was purchased from SHI by the University of Hiroshima. The Rocketdyne Albuquerque Operations Beamline Optics Group was approached by SHI with a request to supply a group of 16 beamline mirrors for this machine. These mirrors were sufficient to supply 3 beamlines for the Hiroshima machine. This paper will address engineering issues which arose during the design and manufacturing of these mirrors.

CAM: A high-performance cellular-automaton machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toffoli, Tommaso

1984-01-01

CAM is a high-performance machine dedicated to the simulation of cellular automata and other distributed dynamical systems. Its speed is about one-thousand times greater than that of a general-purpose computer programmed to do the same task; in practical terms, this means that CAM can show the evolution of cellular automata on a color monitor with an update rate, dynamic range, and spatial resolution comparable to those of a Super-8 movie, thus permitting intensive interactive experimentation. Machines of this kind can open up novel fields of research, and in this context it is important that results be easy to obtain, reproduce, and transmit. For these reasons, in designing CAM it was important to achieve functional simplicity, high flexibility, and moderate production cost. We expect that many research groups will be able to own their own copy of the machine to do research with.

RG-inspired machine learning for lattice field theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foreman, Sam; Giedt, Joel; Meurice, Yannick; Unmuth-Yockey, Judah

2018-03-01

Machine learning has been a fast growing field of research in several areas dealing with large datasets. We report recent attempts to use renormalization group (RG) ideas in the context of machine learning. We examine coarse graining procedures for perceptron models designed to identify the digits of the MNIST data. We discuss the correspondence between principal components analysis (PCA) and RG flows across the transition for worm configurations of the 2D Ising model. Preliminary results regarding the logarithmic divergence of the leading PCA eigenvalue were presented at the conference. More generally, we discuss the relationship between PCA and observables in Monte Carlo simulations and the possibility of reducing the number of learning parameters in supervised learning based on RG inspired hierarchical ansatzes.

Automatic microseismic event picking via unsupervised machine learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yangkang

2018-01-01

Effective and efficient arrival picking plays an important role in microseismic and earthquake data processing and imaging. Widely used short-term-average long-term-average ratio (STA/LTA) based arrival picking algorithms suffer from the sensitivity to moderate-to-strong random ambient noise. To make the state-of-the-art arrival picking approaches effective, microseismic data need to be first pre-processed, for example, removing sufficient amount of noise, and second analysed by arrival pickers. To conquer the noise issue in arrival picking for weak microseismic or earthquake event, I leverage the machine learning techniques to help recognizing seismic waveforms in microseismic or earthquake data. Because of the dependency of supervised machine learning algorithm on large volume of well-designed training data, I utilize an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to help cluster the time samples into two groups, that is, waveform points and non-waveform points. The fuzzy clustering algorithm has been demonstrated to be effective for such purpose. A group of synthetic, real microseismic and earthquake data sets with different levels of complexity show that the proposed method is much more robust than the state-of-the-art STA/LTA method in picking microseismic events, even in the case of moderately strong background noise.

Test - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP)

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-07-01

S74-24671 (10 July 1974) --- Three Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) engineers look over a Soyuz spacecraft docking system prior to an ASTP docking mechanism fitness test conducted in Building 13 at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). They are (left to right) Robert White, Vladimir Syromyatnikov and Yevgeniy Bobrov. White is the American chairman of ASTP Working Group Number 3, and Syromyatnikov is his Soviet counterpart. This working group is concerned with ASTP docking problems and procedures. White is with JSC's Spacecraft Design Division. Syromyatnikov is senior researcher of the Soviet State Research Institute of Machine Building. Bobrov is a junior researcher with the Institute of Machine Building. The joint United States - USSR ASTP docking mission in Earth orbit is scheduled for the summer of 1975.

Layout Design of Human-Machine Interaction Interface of Cabin Based on Cognitive Ergonomics and GA-ACA.

PubMed

Deng, Li; Wang, Guohua; Yu, Suihuai

2016-01-01

In order to consider the psychological cognitive characteristics affecting operating comfort and realize the automatic layout design, cognitive ergonomics and GA-ACA (genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm) were introduced into the layout design of human-machine interaction interface. First, from the perspective of cognitive psychology, according to the information processing process, the cognitive model of human-machine interaction interface was established. Then, the human cognitive characteristics were analyzed, and the layout principles of human-machine interaction interface were summarized as the constraints in layout design. Again, the expression form of fitness function, pheromone, and heuristic information for the layout optimization of cabin was studied. The layout design model of human-machine interaction interface was established based on GA-ACA. At last, a layout design system was developed based on this model. For validation, the human-machine interaction interface layout design of drilling rig control room was taken as an example, and the optimization result showed the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Layout Design of Human-Machine Interaction Interface of Cabin Based on Cognitive Ergonomics and GA-ACA

PubMed Central

Deng, Li; Wang, Guohua; Yu, Suihuai

2016-01-01

In order to consider the psychological cognitive characteristics affecting operating comfort and realize the automatic layout design, cognitive ergonomics and GA-ACA (genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm) were introduced into the layout design of human-machine interaction interface. First, from the perspective of cognitive psychology, according to the information processing process, the cognitive model of human-machine interaction interface was established. Then, the human cognitive characteristics were analyzed, and the layout principles of human-machine interaction interface were summarized as the constraints in layout design. Again, the expression form of fitness function, pheromone, and heuristic information for the layout optimization of cabin was studied. The layout design model of human-machine interaction interface was established based on GA-ACA. At last, a layout design system was developed based on this model. For validation, the human-machine interaction interface layout design of drilling rig control room was taken as an example, and the optimization result showed the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. PMID:26884745

Industrial machine systems risk assessment: a critical review of concepts and methods.

PubMed

Etherton, John R

2007-02-01

Reducing the risk of work-related death and injury to machine operators and maintenance personnel poses a continuing occupational safety challenge. The risk of injury from machinery in U.S. workplaces is high. Between 1992 and 2001, there were, on average, 520 fatalities per year involving machines and, on average, 3.8 cases per 10,000 workers of nonfatal caught-in-running-machine injuries involving lost workdays. A U.S. task group recently developed a technical reference guideline, ANSI B11 TR3, "A Guide to Estimate, Evaluate, & Reduce Risks Associated with Machine Tools," that is intended to bring machine tool risk assessment practice in the United States up to or above the level now required by the international standard, ISO 14121. The ANSI guideline emphasizes identifying tasks and hazards not previously considered, particularly those associated with maintenance; and it further emphasizes teamwork among line workers, engineers, and safety professionals. The value of this critical review of concepts and methods resides in (1) its linking current risk theory to machine system risk assessment and (2) its exploration of how various risk estimation tools translate into risk-informed decisions on industrial machine system design and use. The review was undertaken to set the stage for a field evaluation study on machine risk assessment among users of the ANSI B11 TR3 method.

Machine Shop Lathes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunn, James

This guide, the second in a series of five machine shop curriculum manuals, was designed for use in machine shop courses in Oklahoma. The purpose of the manual is to equip students with basic knowledge and skills that will enable them to enter the machine trade at the machine-operator level. The curriculum is designed so that it can be used in…

Ontological modelling of knowledge management for human-machine integrated design of ultra-precision grinding machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hong, Haibo; Yin, Yuehong; Chen, Xing

2016-11-01

Despite the rapid development of computer science and information technology, an efficient human-machine integrated enterprise information system for designing complex mechatronic products is still not fully accomplished, partly because of the inharmonious communication among collaborators. Therefore, one challenge in human-machine integration is how to establish an appropriate knowledge management (KM) model to support integration and sharing of heterogeneous product knowledge. Aiming at the diversity of design knowledge, this article proposes an ontology-based model to reach an unambiguous and normative representation of knowledge. First, an ontology-based human-machine integrated design framework is described, then corresponding ontologies and sub-ontologies are established according to different purposes and scopes. Second, a similarity calculation-based ontology integration method composed of ontology mapping and ontology merging is introduced. The ontology searching-based knowledge sharing method is then developed. Finally, a case of human-machine integrated design of a large ultra-precision grinding machine is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

Mathematical model of an air-filled alpha stirling refrigerator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McFarlane, Patrick; Semperlotti, Fabio; Sen, Mihir

2013-10-01

This work develops a mathematical model for an alpha Stirling refrigerator with air as the working fluid and will be useful in optimizing the mechanical design of these machines. Two pistons cyclically compress and expand air while moving sinusoidally in separate chambers connected by a regenerator, thus creating a temperature difference across the system. A complete non-linear mathematical model of the machine, including air thermodynamics, and heat transfer from the walls, as well as heat transfer and fluid resistance in the regenerator, is developed. Non-dimensional groups are derived, and the mathematical model is numerically solved. The heat transfer and work are found for both chambers, and the coefficient of performance of each chamber is calculated. Important design parameters are varied and their effect on refrigerator performance determined. This sensitivity analysis, which shows what the significant parameters are, is a useful tool for the design of practical Stirling refrigeration systems.

On Intelligent Design and Planning Method of Process Route Based on Gun Breech Machining Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hongzhi, Zhao; Jian, Zhang

2018-03-01

The paper states an approach of intelligent design and planning of process route based on gun breech machining process, against several problems, such as complex machining process of gun breech, tedious route design and long period of its traditional unmanageable process route. Based on gun breech machining process, intelligent design and planning system of process route are developed by virtue of DEST and VC++. The system includes two functional modules--process route intelligent design and its planning. The process route intelligent design module, through the analysis of gun breech machining process, summarizes breech process knowledge so as to complete the design of knowledge base and inference engine. And then gun breech process route intelligently output. On the basis of intelligent route design module, the final process route is made, edited and managed in the process route planning module.

Power training using pneumatic machines vs. plate-loaded machines to improve muscle power in older adults.

PubMed

Balachandran, Anoop T; Gandia, Kristine; Jacobs, Kevin A; Streiner, David L; Eltoukhy, Moataz; Signorile, Joseph F

2017-11-01

Power training has been shown to be more effective than conventional resistance training for improving physical function in older adults; however, most trials have used pneumatic machines during training. Considering that the general public typically has access to plate-loaded machines, the effectiveness and safety of power training using plate-loaded machines compared to pneumatic machines is an important consideration. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of high-velocity training using pneumatic machines (Pn) versus standard plate-loaded machines (PL). Independently-living older adults, 60years or older were randomized into two groups: pneumatic machine (Pn, n=19) and plate-loaded machine (PL, n=17). After 12weeks of high-velocity training twice per week, groups were analyzed using an intention-to-treat approach. Primary outcomes were lower body power measured using a linear transducer and upper body power using medicine ball throw. Secondary outcomes included lower and upper body muscle muscle strength, the Physical Performance Battery (PPB), gallon jug test, the timed up-and-go test, and self-reported function using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and an online video questionnaire. Outcome assessors were blinded to group membership. Lower body power significantly improved in both groups (Pn: 19%, PL: 31%), with no significant difference between the groups (Cohen's d=0.4, 95% CI (-1.1, 0.3)). Upper body power significantly improved only in the PL group, but showed no significant difference between the groups (Pn: 3%, PL: 6%). For balance, there was a significant difference between the groups favoring the Pn group (d=0.7, 95% CI (0.1, 1.4)); however, there were no statistically significant differences between groups for PPB, gallon jug transfer, muscle muscle strength, timed up-and-go or self-reported function. No serious adverse events were reported in either of the groups. Pneumatic and plate-loaded machines were effective in improving lower body power and physical function in older adults. The results suggest that power training can be safely and effectively performed by older adults using either pneumatic or plate-loaded machines. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Enhanced Learning through Design Problems--Teaching a Components-Based Course through Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen, Bogi Bech; Hogberg, Stig; Jensen, Frida av Flotum; Mijatovic, Nenad

2012-01-01

This paper describes a teaching method used in an electrical machines course, where the students learn about electrical machines by designing them. The aim of the course is not to teach design, albeit this is a side product, but rather to teach the fundamentals and the function of electrical machines through design. The teaching method is…

Design and experimental validation for direct-drive fault-tolerant permanent-magnet vernier machines.

PubMed

Liu, Guohai; Yang, Junqin; Chen, Ming; Chen, Qian

2014-01-01

A fault-tolerant permanent-magnet vernier (FT-PMV) machine is designed for direct-drive applications, incorporating the merits of high torque density and high reliability. Based on the so-called magnetic gearing effect, PMV machines have the ability of high torque density by introducing the flux-modulation poles (FMPs). This paper investigates the fault-tolerant characteristic of PMV machines and provides a design method, which is able to not only meet the fault-tolerant requirements but also keep the ability of high torque density. The operation principle of the proposed machine has been analyzed. The design process and optimization are presented specifically, such as the combination of slots and poles, the winding distribution, and the dimensions of PMs and teeth. By using the time-stepping finite element method (TS-FEM), the machine performances are evaluated. Finally, the FT-PMV machine is manufactured, and the experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.

Understanding and Writing G & M Code for CNC Machines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loveland, Thomas

2012-01-01

In modern CAD and CAM manufacturing companies, engineers design parts for machines and consumable goods. Many of these parts are cut on CNC machines. Whether using a CNC lathe, milling machine, or router, the ideas and designs of engineers must be translated into a machine-readable form called G & M Code that can be used to cut parts to precise…

DOE-RCT-0003641 Final Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wagner, Edward; Lesster, Ted

2014-07-30

This program studied novel concepts for an Axial Flux Reluctance Machine to capture energy from marine hydrokinetic sources and compared their attributes to a Radial Flux Reluctance Machine which was designed under a prior Department of Energy program for the same application. Detailed electromagnetic and mechanical analyses were performed to determine the validity of the concept and to provide a direct comparison with the existing conventional Radial Flux Switched Reluctance Machine designed during the Advanced Wave Energy Conversion Project, DE-EE0003641. The alternate design changed the machine topology so that the flux that is switched flows axially rather than radially andmore » the poles themselves are long radially, as opposed to the radial flux machine that has pole pieces that are long axially. It appeared possible to build an axial flux machine that should be considerably more compact than the radial machine. In an “apples to apples” comparison, the same rules with regard to generating magnetic force and the fundamental limitations of flux density hold, so that at the heart of the machine the same torque equations hold. The differences are in the mechanical configuration that limits or enhances the change of permeance with rotor position, in the amount of permeable iron required to channel the flux via the pole pieces to the air-gaps, and in the sizing and complexity of the electrical winding. Accordingly it was anticipated that the magnetic component weight would be similar but that better use of space would result in a shorter machine with accompanying reduction in housing and support structure. For the comparison the pole count was kept the same at 28 though it was also expected that the radial tapering of the slots between pole pieces would permit a higher pole count machine, enabling the generation of greater power at a given speed in some future design. The baseline Radial Flux Machine design was established during the previous DOE program. Its characteristics were tabulated for use in comparing to the Axial Flux Machine. Three basic conceptual designs for the Axial Flux Machine were considered: (1) a machine with a single coil at the inner diameter of the machine, (2) a machine with a single coil at the outside diameter of the machine, and (3) a machine with a coil around each tooth. Slight variations of these basic configurations were considered during the study. Analysis was performed on these configurations to determine the best candidate design to advance to preliminary design, based on size, weight, performance, cost and manufacturability. The configuration selected as the most promising was the multi-pole machine with a coil around each tooth. This configuration provided the least complexity with respect to the mechanical configuration and manufacturing, which would yield the highest reliability and lowest cost machine of the three options. A preliminary design was performed on this selected configuration. For this first ever axial design of the multi rotor configuration the 'apples to apples' comparison was based on using the same length of rotor pole as the axial length of rotor pole in the radial machine and making the mean radius of the rotor in the axial machine the same as the air gap radius in the radial machine. The tooth to slot ratio at the mean radius of the axial machine was the same as the tooth to slot ratio of the radial machine. The comparison between the original radial flux machine and the new axial flux machine indicates that for the same torque, the axial flux machine diameter will be 27% greater, but it will have 30% of the length, and 76% of the weight. Based on these results, it is concluded that an axial flux reluctance machine presents a viable option for large generators to be used for the capture of wave energy. In the analysis of Task 4, below, it is pointed out that our selection of dimensional similarity for the 'apples to apples' comparison did not produce an optimum axial flux design. There is torque capability to spare, implying we could reduce the magnetic structure, but the winding area, constrained by the pole separation at the inner pole radius has a higher resistance than desirable, implying we need more room for copper. The recommendation is to proceed via one cycle of optimization and review to correct this unbalance and then proceed to a detailed design phase to produce manufacturing drawings, followed by the construction of a prototype to test the performance of the machine against predicted results.« less

The scheme machine: A case study in progress in design derivation at system levels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Steven D.

1995-01-01

The Scheme Machine is one of several design projects of the Digital Design Derivation group at Indiana University. It differs from the other projects in its focus on issues of system design and its connection to surrounding research in programming language semantics, compiler construction, and programming methodology underway at Indiana and elsewhere. The genesis of the project dates to the early 1980's, when digital design derivation research branched from the surrounding research effort in programming languages. Both branches have continued to develop in parallel, with this particular project serving as a bridge. However, by 1990 there remained little real interaction between the branches and recently we have undertaken to reintegrate them. On the software side, researchers have refined a mathematically rigorous (but not mechanized) treatment starting with the fully abstract semantic definition of Scheme and resulting in an efficient implementation consisting of a compiler and virtual machine model, the latter typically realized with a general purpose microprocessor. The derivation includes a number of sophisticated factorizations and representations and is also deep example of the underlying engineering methodology. The hardware research has created a mechanized algebra supporting the tedious and massive transformations often seen at lower levels of design. This work has progressed to the point that large scale devices, such as processors, can be derived from first-order finite state machine specifications. This is roughly where the language oriented research stops; thus, together, the two efforts establish a thread from the highest levels of abstract specification to detailed digital implementation. The Scheme Machine project challenges hardware derivation research in several ways, although the individual components of the system are of a similar scale to those we have worked with before. The machine has a custom dual-ported memory to support garbage collection. It consists of four tightly coupled processes--processor, collector, allocator, memory--with a very non-trivial synchronization relationship. Finally, there are deep issues of representation for the run-time objects of a symbolic processing language. The research centers on verification through integrated formal reasoning systems, but is also involved with modeling and prototyping environments. Since the derivation algebra is basd on an executable modeling language, there is opportunity to incorporate design animation in the design process. We are looking for ways to move smoothly and incrementally from executable specifications into hardware realization. For example, we can run the garbage collector specification, a Scheme program, directly against the physical memory prototype, and similarly, the instruction processor model against the heap implementation.

Motion Simulation Analysis of Rail Weld CNC Fine Milling Machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mao, Huajie; Shu, Min; Li, Chao; Zhang, Baojun

CNC fine milling machine is a new advanced equipment of rail weld precision machining with high precision, high efficiency, low environmental pollution and other technical advantages. The motion performance of this machine directly affects its machining accuracy and stability, which makes it an important consideration for its design. Based on the design drawings, this article completed 3D modeling of 60mm/kg rail weld CNC fine milling machine by using Solidworks. After that, the geometry was imported into Adams to finish the motion simulation analysis. The displacement, velocity, angular velocity and some other kinematical parameters curves of the main components were obtained in the post-processing and these are the scientific basis for the design and development for this machine.

30 CFR 18.54 - High-voltage continuous mining machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and Design Requirements § 18.54 High-voltage continuous mining machines. (a) Separation of high... removed. (c) Circuit-interrupting devices. Circuit-interrupting devices must be designed and installed to... ground. (e) Onboard ungrounded, three-phase power circuit. A continuous mining machine designed with an...

30 CFR 18.54 - High-voltage continuous mining machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and Design Requirements § 18.54 High-voltage continuous mining machines. (a) Separation of high... removed. (c) Circuit-interrupting devices. Circuit-interrupting devices must be designed and installed to... ground. (e) Onboard ungrounded, three-phase power circuit. A continuous mining machine designed with an...

30 CFR 18.54 - High-voltage continuous mining machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and Design Requirements § 18.54 High-voltage continuous mining machines. (a) Separation of high... removed. (c) Circuit-interrupting devices. Circuit-interrupting devices must be designed and installed to... ground. (e) Onboard ungrounded, three-phase power circuit. A continuous mining machine designed with an...

30 CFR 18.54 - High-voltage continuous mining machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... and Design Requirements § 18.54 High-voltage continuous mining machines. (a) Separation of high... removed. (c) Circuit-interrupting devices. Circuit-interrupting devices must be designed and installed to... ground. (e) Onboard ungrounded, three-phase power circuit. A continuous mining machine designed with an...

30 CFR 18.54 - High-voltage continuous mining machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and Design Requirements § 18.54 High-voltage continuous mining machines. (a) Separation of high... removed. (c) Circuit-interrupting devices. Circuit-interrupting devices must be designed and installed to... ground. (e) Onboard ungrounded, three-phase power circuit. A continuous mining machine designed with an...

Instructional Support Software System. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. - East, St. Louis, MO.

This report describes the development of the Instructional Support System (ISS), a large-scale, computer-based training system that supports both computer-assisted instruction and computer-managed instruction. Written in the Ada programming language, the ISS software package is designed to be machine independent. It is also grouped into functional…

Large-Scale Linear Optimization through Machine Learning: From Theory to Practical System Design and Implementation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-10

AFRL-AFOSR-JP-TR-2016-0073 Large-scale Linear Optimization through Machine Learning: From Theory to Practical System Design and Implementation ...2016 4.  TITLE AND SUBTITLE Large-scale Linear Optimization through Machine Learning: From Theory to Practical System Design and Implementation 5a...performances on various machine learning tasks and it naturally lends itself to fast parallel implementations . Despite this, very little work has been

Management by consent in human-machine systems: when and why it breaks down.

PubMed

Olson, W A; Sarter, N B

2001-01-01

This study examined the effects of conflict type, time pressure, and display design on operators' ability to make informed decisions about proposed machine goals and actions in a management-by-consent context. A group of 30 B757 pilots were asked to fly eight descent scenarios while responding to a series of air traffic control clearances. Each scenario presented pilots with a different conflict that arose from either incompatible goals contained in the clearance or inappropriate implementation of the clearance by automated flight deck systems. Pilots were often unable to detect these conflicts, especially under time pressure, and thus failed to disallow or intervene with proposed machine actions. Detection performance was particularly poor for conflicts related to clearance implementation. These conflicts were most likely to be missed when automated systems did more than the pilot expected of them. Performance and verbal protocol data indicate that the observed difficulties can be explained by a combination of poor system feedback and pilots' difficulties with generating expectations of future system behavior. Our results are discussed in terms of their implications for the choice and implementation of automation management strategies in general and, more specifically, with respect to risks involved in envisioned forms of digital air-ground communication in the future aviation system. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of future data link systems and procedures, as well as the design of future automated systems in any domain that rely on operator consent as a mechanism for human-machine coordination.

Integral habitat transport system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elliott, Bill; Frazer, Scott; Higgs, Joey; Huff, Jason; Milam, Tigree

1994-01-01

In the 1993 Fall quarter, the ME 4182 design class was sponsored to study various scenarios that needed to be studied for Martian travel. The class was sponsored by NASA and there were several different design projects. The design that group three chose was an integral transport system for a Martian habitat. An integral transport system means the design had to be one that was attached to the habitat. There were several criteria that the design had to meet. Group three performed an in depth study of the Martian environment and looked at several different design ideas. The concept group three developed involved the use of kinematic linkages and the use of Martian gravity to move the habitat. The various design concepts, the criteria matrices and all other aspects that helped group three develop their design can be found in their 1993 ME 4182 design report. Now it is Winter quarter 1994 and group three is faced with another problem. The problem is building a working prototype of their Fall design. The limitations this quarter were the parts. The group had to make the prototype work with existing manufactured parts or make the parts themselves in a machine shop. The prototype was scaled down roughly about twelve times smaller than the original design. The following report describes the actions taken by group three to build a working model.

High speed operation of permanent magnet machines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El-Refaie, Ayman M.

This work proposes methods to extend the high-speed operating capabilities of both the interior PM (IPM) and surface PM (SPM) machines. For interior PM machines, this research has developed and presented the first thorough analysis of how a new bi-state magnetic material can be usefully applied to the design of IPM machines. Key elements of this contribution include identifying how the unique properties of the bi-state magnetic material can be applied most effectively in the rotor design of an IPM machine by "unmagnetizing" the magnet cavity center posts rather than the outer bridges. The importance of elevated rotor speed in making the best use of the bi-state magnetic material while recognizing its limitations has been identified. For surface PM machines, this research has provided, for the first time, a clear explanation of how fractional-slot concentrated windings can be applied to SPM machines in order to achieve the necessary conditions for optimal flux weakening. A closed-form analytical procedure for analyzing SPM machines designed with concentrated windings has been developed. Guidelines for designing SPM machines using concentrated windings in order to achieve optimum flux weakening are provided. Analytical and numerical finite element analysis (FEA) results have provided promising evidence of the scalability of the concentrated winding technique with respect to the number of poles, machine aspect ratio, and output power rating. Useful comparisons between the predicted performance characteristics of SPM machines equipped with concentrated windings and both SPM and IPM machines designed with distributed windings are included. Analytical techniques have been used to evaluate the impact of the high pole number on various converter performance metrics. Both analytical techniques and FEA have been used for evaluating the eddy-current losses in the surface magnets due to the stator winding subharmonics. Techniques for reducing these losses have been investigated. A 6kW, 36slot/30pole prototype SPM machine has been designed and built. Experimental measurements have been used to verify the analytical and FEA results. These test results have demonstrated that wide constant-power speed range can be achieved. Other important machine features such as the near-sinusoidal back-emf, high efficiency, and low cogging torque have also been demonstrated.

Effects of different titanium zirconium implant surfaces on initial supragingival plaque formation.

PubMed

John, Gordon; Becker, Jürgen; Schwarz, Frank

2017-07-01

The aim of the current study was the evaluation of biofilm development on different implant surfaces. Initial biofilm formation was investigated on five different implant surfaces, machined titanium (MTi), modified machined acid-etched titanium (modMATi), machined titanium zirconium (MTiZr), modified machined and acid-etched titanium zirconium (modMATiZr) and sandblasted large grid and acid-etched titanium zirconium surface (SLATiZr) for 24 and 48 h. Biocompatibility was tested after tooth brushing of the samples via cell viability testing with human gingival fibroblasts. After 24 h of biofilm collection, mean plaque surface was detected in the following descending order: After 24 h: MTiZr > MTi > SLATiZr > modMATiZr > modMATi. Both M surfaces showed significant higher biofilm formation than the other groups. After 48 h: MTiZr > MTi > SLATiZr > modMATiZr > modMATi. After tooth brushing: SLATiZr > modMATi > modMATiZr > MTi > MTiZr. All native samples depicted significant higher cell viability than their corresponding surfaces after biofilm removal procedure. The TiZr groups especially the modMATiZr group showed slower and less biofilm formation. In combination with the good biocompatibility, both modMA surfaces seem to be interesting candidates for surfaces in transgingival implant design. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Design and Experimental Validation for Direct-Drive Fault-Tolerant Permanent-Magnet Vernier Machines

PubMed Central

Liu, Guohai; Yang, Junqin; Chen, Ming; Chen, Qian

2014-01-01

A fault-tolerant permanent-magnet vernier (FT-PMV) machine is designed for direct-drive applications, incorporating the merits of high torque density and high reliability. Based on the so-called magnetic gearing effect, PMV machines have the ability of high torque density by introducing the flux-modulation poles (FMPs). This paper investigates the fault-tolerant characteristic of PMV machines and provides a design method, which is able to not only meet the fault-tolerant requirements but also keep the ability of high torque density. The operation principle of the proposed machine has been analyzed. The design process and optimization are presented specifically, such as the combination of slots and poles, the winding distribution, and the dimensions of PMs and teeth. By using the time-stepping finite element method (TS-FEM), the machine performances are evaluated. Finally, the FT-PMV machine is manufactured, and the experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis. PMID:25045729

Improved transistor-controlled and commutated brushless DC motors for electric vehicle propulsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Demerdash, N. A.; Miller, R. H.; Nehl, T. W.; Nyamusa, T. A.

1983-01-01

The development, design, construction, and testing processes of two electronically (transistor) controlled and commutated permanent magnet brushless dc machine systems, for propulsion of electric vehicles are detailed. One machine system was designed and constructed using samarium cobalt for permanent magnets, which supply the rotor (field) excitation. Meanwhile, the other machine system was designed and constructed with strontium ferrite permanent magnets as the source of rotor (field) excitation. These machine systems were designed for continuous rated power output of 15 hp (11.2 kw), and a peak one minute rated power output of 35 hp (26.1 kw). Both power ratings are for a rated voltage of 115 volts dc, assuming a voltage drop in the source (battery) of about 5 volts. That is, an internal source voltage of 120 volts dc. Machine-power conditioner system computer-aided simulations were used extensively in the design process. These simulations relied heavily on the magnetic field analysis in these machines using the method of finite elements, as well as methods of modeling of the machine power conditioner system dynamic interaction. These simulation processes are detailed. Testing revealed that typical machine system efficiencies at 15 hp (11.2 kw) were about 88% and 84% for the samarium cobalt and strontium ferrite based machine systems, respectively. Both systems met the peak one minute rating of 35 hp.

Applying data fusion techniques for benthic habitat mapping and monitoring in a coral reef ecosystem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Caiyun

2015-06-01

Accurate mapping and effective monitoring of benthic habitat in the Florida Keys are critical in developing management strategies for this valuable coral reef ecosystem. For this study, a framework was designed for automated benthic habitat mapping by combining multiple data sources (hyperspectral, aerial photography, and bathymetry data) and four contemporary imagery processing techniques (data fusion, Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA), machine learning, and ensemble analysis). In the framework, 1-m digital aerial photograph was first merged with 17-m hyperspectral imagery and 10-m bathymetry data using a pixel/feature-level fusion strategy. The fused dataset was then preclassified by three machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and k-Nearest Neighbor). Final object-based habitat maps were produced through ensemble analysis of outcomes from three classifiers. The framework was tested for classifying a group-level (3-class) and code-level (9-class) habitats in a portion of the Florida Keys. Informative and accurate habitat maps were achieved with an overall accuracy of 88.5% and 83.5% for the group-level and code-level classifications, respectively.

Technological and economical analysis of salient pole and permanent magnet synchronous machines designed for wind turbines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gündoğdu, Tayfun; Kömürgöz, Güven

2012-08-01

Chinese export restrictions already reduced the planning reliability for investments in permanent magnet wind turbines. Today the production of permanent magnets consumes the largest proportion of rare earth elements, with 40% of the rare earth-based magnets used for generators and other electrical machines. The cost and availability of NdFeB magnets will likely determine the production rate of permanent magnet generators. The high volatility of rare earth metals makes it very difficult to quote a price. Prices may also vary from supplier to supplier to an extent of up to 50% for the same size, shape and quantity with a minor difference in quality. The paper presents the analysis and the comparison of salient pole with field winding and of peripheral winding synchronous electrical machines, presenting important advantages. A neodymium alloy magnet rotor structure has been considered and compared to the salient rotor case. The Salient Pole Synchronous Machine and the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine were designed so that the plate values remain constant. The Eddy current effect on the windings is taken into account during the design, and the efficiency, output power and the air-gap flux density obtained after the simulation were compared. The analysis results clearly indicate that Salient Pole Synchronous Machine designs would be attractive to wind power companies. Furthermore, the importance of the design of electrical machines and the determination of criteria are emphasized. This paper will be a helpful resource in terms of examination and comparison of the basic structure and magnetic features of the Salient Pole Synchronous Machine and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine. Furthermore, an economic analysis of the designed machines was conducted.

A Brief Description of My Projects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barnes, Tobin

2016-01-01

My internship was in the IDC which consist of a machine shop and an array of design space. During my tour I worked on a wide variety of projects some of which included design, research, machining and fabrication. I gained further knowledge on some machines that I have had prior experience on such as the lathe and Hurco CNC machines. The first thing we did was complete our checkout in the machine shop which went pretty well, since I was already familiar with most of the machines. I also did a couple of practice parts on some of the machines, I made a name block on the CNC machine and I also used the vertical milling machine to complete this project. One of the other projects that I did was machine a hammer with my initials with the use of the lathe and CNC machine, this project took much longer since I had to set up a cylindrical piece on the CNC machine. The first project that I began work on was the Systems Engineering & Management Advancement Program (SEPMAP) Hexacopter project and helped them to assemble and modify one of their particle capture doors on their boxes. After a while we ended up helping them make a hinge and holes to reduce the weight of their design. We helped the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) team a bit with some of their name tags and assembly of some of their underwater parts. One of the more challenging projects was a rail that came in with a rather weirdly drawn part. The biggest project that I worked on was the solar array project. Which consisted of a variety of machining and 3D printing and it took me about 3 different times of re-designing to come up with a final prototype. Along with this project I also had to complete a project in which I had to modify a thermos. This was rather simple since I just had to draw up a part and print it out on the 3D printer. I also learned how to use Pro E/Creo parametric to design a square block and print it on the 3D Printer. All of these projects increased my experience on all of the machines and equipment that I used. I also got to tweak my design skills and better understand how to modify my designs and how to improve those specific designs.

Load fatigue performance of four implant-abutment interface designs: effect of torque level and implant system.

PubMed

Quek, H C; Tan, Keson B; Nicholls, Jack I

2008-01-01

Biomechanical load-fatigue performance data on single-tooth implant systems with different implant-abutment interface designs is lacking in the literature. This study evaluated the load fatigue performance of 4 implant-abutment interface designs (Brånemark-CeraOne; 3i Osseotite-STA abutment; Replace Select-Easy abutment; and Lifecore Stage-1-COC abutment system). The number of load cycles to fatigue failure of 4 implant-abutment designs was tested with a custom rotational load fatigue machine. The effect of increasing and decreasing the tightening torque by 20% respectively on the load fatigue performance was also investigated. Three different tightening torque levels (recommended torque, -20% recommended torque, +20% recommended torque) were applied to the 4 implant systems. There were 12 test groups with 5 samples in each group. The rotational load fatigue machine subjected specimens to a sinusoidally applied 35 Ncm bending moment at a test frequency of 14 Hz. The number of cycles to failure was recorded. A cutoff of 5 x 10(6) cycles was applied as an upper limit. There were 2 implant failures and 1 abutment screw failure in the Brånemark group. Five abutment screw failures and 4 implant failures was recorded for the 3i system. The Replace Select system had 1 implant failure. Five cone screw failures were noted for the Lifecore system. Analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant difference in load cycles to failure for the 4 different implant-abutment systems torqued at recommended torque level. A statistically significant difference was found between the -20% torque group and the +20% torque group (P < .05) for the 3i system. Load fatigue performance and failure location is system specific and related to the design characteristics of the implant-abutment combination. It appeared that if the implant-abutment interface was maintained, load fatigue failure would occur at the weakest point of the implant. It is important to use the torque level recommended by the manufacturer.

Comparisons between designs for single-sided linear electric motors: Homopolar synchronous and induction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nondahl, T. A.; Richter, E.

1980-09-01

A design study of two types of single sided (with a passive rail) linear electric machine designs, namely homopolar linear synchronous machines (LSM's) and linear induction machines (LIM's), is described. It is assumed the machines provide tractive effort for several types of light rail vehicles and locomotives. These vehicles are wheel supported and require tractive powers ranging from 200 kW to 3735 kW and top speeds ranging from 112 km/hr to 400 km/hr. All designs are made according to specified magnetic and thermal criteria. The LSM advantages are a higher power factor, much greater restoring forces for track misalignments, and less track heating. The LIM advantages are no need to synchronize the excitation frequency precisely to vehicle speed, simpler machine construction, and a more easily anchored track structure. The relative weights of the two machine types vary with excitation frequency and speed; low frequencies and low speeds favor the LSM.

Quantification of uncertainty in machining operations for on-machine acceptance.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Claudet, Andre A.; Tran, Hy D.; Su, Jiann-Chemg

2008-09-01

Manufactured parts are designed with acceptance tolerances, i.e. deviations from ideal design conditions, due to unavoidable errors in the manufacturing process. It is necessary to measure and evaluate the manufactured part, compared to the nominal design, to determine whether the part meets design specifications. The scope of this research project is dimensional acceptance of machined parts; specifically, parts machined using numerically controlled (NC, or also CNC for Computer Numerically Controlled) machines. In the design/build/accept cycle, the designer will specify both a nominal value, and an acceptable tolerance. As part of the typical design/build/accept business practice, it is required to verifymore » that the part did meet acceptable values prior to acceptance. Manufacturing cost must include not only raw materials and added labor, but also the cost of ensuring conformance to specifications. Ensuring conformance is a substantial portion of the cost of manufacturing. In this project, the costs of measurements were approximately 50% of the cost of the machined part. In production, cost of measurement would be smaller, but still a substantial proportion of manufacturing cost. The results of this research project will point to a science-based approach to reducing the cost of ensuring conformance to specifications. The approach that we take is to determine, a priori, how well a CNC machine can manufacture a particular geometry from stock. Based on the knowledge of the manufacturing process, we are then able to decide features which need further measurements from features which can be accepted 'as is' from the CNC. By calibration of the machine tool, and establishing a machining accuracy ratio, we can validate the ability of CNC to fabricate to a particular level of tolerance. This will eliminate the costs of checking for conformance for relatively large tolerances.« less

Analytical Model-Based Design Optimization of a Transverse Flux Machine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hasan, Iftekhar; Husain, Tausif; Sozer, Yilmaz

This paper proposes an analytical machine design tool using magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC)-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) for a double-sided, flux-concentrating transverse flux machine (TFM). The magnetic equivalent circuit method is applied to analytically establish the relationship between the design objective and the input variables of prospective TFM designs. This is computationally less intensive and more time efficient than finite element solvers. A PSO algorithm is then used to design a machine with the highest torque density within the specified power range along with some geometric design constraints. The stator pole length, magnet length, and rotor thickness are the variablesmore » that define the optimization search space. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to verify the performance of the MEC-PSO optimized machine. The proposed analytical design tool helps save computation time by at least 50% when compared to commercial FEA-based optimization programs, with results found to be in agreement with less than 5% error.« less

The laser micro-machining system for diamond anvil cell experiments and general precision machining applications at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hrubiak, Rostislav; Sinogeikin, Stanislav; Rod, Eric

We have designed and constructed a new system for micro-machining parts and sample assemblies used for diamond anvil cells and general user operations at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, sector 16 of the Advanced Photon Source. The new micro-machining system uses a pulsed laser of 400 ps pulse duration, ablating various materials without thermal melting, thus leaving a clean edge. With optics designed for a tight focus, the system can machine holes any size larger than 3 μm in diameter. Unlike a standard electrical discharge machining drill, the new laser system allows micro-machining of non-conductive materials such as: amorphousmore » boron and silicon carbide gaskets, diamond, oxides, and other materials including organic materials such as polyimide films (i.e., Kapton). An important feature of the new system is the use of gas-tight or gas-flow environmental chambers which allow the laser micro-machining to be done in a controlled (e.g., inert gas) atmosphere to prevent oxidation and other chemical reactions in air sensitive materials. The gas-tight workpiece enclosure is also useful for machining materials with known health risks (e.g., beryllium). Specialized control software with a graphical interface enables micro-machining of custom 2D and 3D shapes. The laser-machining system was designed in a Class 1 laser enclosure, i.e., it includes laser safety interlocks and computer controls and allows for routine operation. Though initially designed mainly for machining of the diamond anvil cell gaskets, the laser-machining system has since found many other micro-machining applications, several of which are presented here.« less

Mars vertical axis wind machines. The design of a Darreus and a Giromill for use on Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brach, David; Dube, John; Kelly, Jon; Peterson, Joanna; Bollig, John; Gohr, Lisa; Mahoney, Kamin; Polidori, Dave

1992-05-01

This report contains the design of both a Darrieus and a Giromill for use on Mars. The report has been organized so that the interested reader may read only about one machine without having to read the entire report. Where components for the two machines differ greatly, separate sections have been allotted for each machine. Each section is complete; therefore, no relevant information is missed by reading only the section for the machine of interest. Also, when components for both machines are similar, both machines have been combined into one section. This is done so that the reader interested in both machines need not read the same information twice.

Mars vertical axis wind machines. The design of a Darreus and a Giromill for use on Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brach, David; Dube, John; Kelly, Jon; Peterson, Joanna; Bollig, John; Gohr, Lisa; Mahoney, Kamin; Polidori, Dave

1992-01-01

This report contains the design of both a Darrieus and a Giromill for use on Mars. The report has been organized so that the interested reader may read only about one machine without having to read the entire report. Where components for the two machines differ greatly, separate sections have been allotted for each machine. Each section is complete; therefore, no relevant information is missed by reading only the section for the machine of interest. Also, when components for both machines are similar, both machines have been combined into one section. This is done so that the reader interested in both machines need not read the same information twice.

Laser-treated stainless steel mini-screw implants: 3D surface roughness, bone-implant contact, and fracture resistance analysis

PubMed Central

Kang, He-Kyong; Chu, Tien-Min; Dechow, Paul; Stewart, Kelton; Kyung, Hee-Moon

2016-01-01

Summary Background/Objectives: This study investigated the biomechanical properties and bone-implant intersurface response of machined and laser surface-treated stainless steel (SS) mini-screw implants (MSIs). Material and Methods: Forty-eight 1.3mm in diameter and 6mm long SS MSIs were divided into two groups. The control (machined surface) group received no surface treatment; the laser-treated group received Nd-YAG laser surface treatment. Half in each group was used for examining surface roughness (Sa and Sq), surface texture, and facture resistance. The remaining MSIs were placed in the maxilla of six skeletally mature male beagle dogs in a randomized split-mouth design. A pair with the same surface treatment was placed on the same side and immediately loaded with 200g nickel–titanium coil springs for 8 weeks. After killing, the bone-implant contact (BIC) for each MSI was calculated using micro computed tomography. Analysis of variance model and two-sample t test were used for statistical analysis with a significance level of P <0.05. Results: The mean values of Sa and Sq were significantly higher in the laser-treated group compared with the machined group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in fracture resistance and BIC between the two groups. Limitation: animal study Conclusions/Implications: Laser treatment increased surface roughness without compromising fracture resistance. Despite increasing surface roughness, laser treatment did not improve BIC. Overall, it appears that medical grade SS has the potential to be substituted for titanium alloy MSIs. PMID:25908868

Recoding Numerics to Geometrics for Complex Discrimination Tasks; A Feasibility Study of Coding Strategy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simpkins, John D.

Processing complex multivariate information effectively when relational properties of information sub-groups are ambiguous is difficult for man and man-machine systems. However, the information processing task is made easier through code study, cybernetic planning, and accurate display mechanisms. An exploratory laboratory study designed for the…

Strategic planning toolset for reproduction of machinebuilding engines and equipment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyko, A. A.; Kukartsev, V. V.; Lobkov, K. Y.; Stupina, A. A.

2018-05-01

This article illustrates a replica of a dynamic model of machine-building equipment. The model was designed on the basis of a ‘system dynamics method’ including the Powersim Studio toolset. The given model provides the basis and delineates the reproduction process of equipment in its natural as well as appraisal forms. The presented model was employed as a tool to explore reproduction of a wide range of engines and equipment in machine-building industry. As a result of these experiments, a variety of reproducible options were revealed which include productive capacity and distribution of equipment among technology groups. The authors’ research concludes that the replica of the dynamic model designed by us has proved to be universal. This also opens the way for further research exploring a wide range of industrial equipment reproduction.

Improving Machining Accuracy of CNC Machines with Innovative Design Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yemelyanov, N. V.; Yemelyanova, I. V.; Zubenko, V. L.

2018-03-01

The article considers achieving the machining accuracy of CNC machines by applying innovative methods in modelling and design of machining systems, drives and machine processes. The topological method of analysis involves visualizing the system as matrices of block graphs with a varying degree of detail between the upper and lower hierarchy levels. This approach combines the advantages of graph theory and the efficiency of decomposition methods, it also has visual clarity, which is inherent in both topological models and structural matrices, as well as the resiliency of linear algebra as part of the matrix-based research. The focus of the study is on the design of automated machine workstations, systems, machines and units, which can be broken into interrelated parts and presented as algebraic, topological and set-theoretical models. Every model can be transformed into a model of another type, and, as a result, can be interpreted as a system of linear and non-linear equations which solutions determine the system parameters. This paper analyses the dynamic parameters of the 1716PF4 machine at the stages of design and exploitation. Having researched the impact of the system dynamics on the component quality, the authors have developed a range of practical recommendations which have enabled one to reduce considerably the amplitude of relative motion, exclude some resonance zones within the spindle speed range of 0...6000 min-1 and improve machining accuracy.

Using Pipelined XNOR Logic to Reduce SEU Risks in State Machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Le, Martin; Zheng, Xin; Katanyoutant, Sunant

2008-01-01

Single-event upsets (SEUs) pose great threats to avionic systems state machine control logic, which are frequently used to control sequence of events and to qualify protocols. The risks of SEUs manifest in two ways: (a) the state machine s state information is changed, causing the state machine to unexpectedly transition to another state; (b) due to the asynchronous nature of SEU, the state machine's state registers become metastable, consequently causing any combinational logic associated with the metastable registers to malfunction temporarily. Effect (a) can be mitigated with methods such as triplemodular redundancy (TMR). However, effect (b) cannot be eliminated and can degrade the effectiveness of any mitigation method of effect (a). Although there is no way to completely eliminate the risk of SEU-induced errors, the risk can be made very small by use of a combination of very fast state-machine logic and error-detection logic. Therefore, one goal of two main elements of the present method is to design the fastest state-machine logic circuitry by basing it on the fastest generic state-machine design, which is that of a one-hot state machine. The other of the two main design elements is to design fast error-detection logic circuitry and to optimize it for implementation in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture: In the resulting design, the one-hot state machine is fitted with a multiple-input XNOR gate for detection of illegal states. The XNOR gate is implemented with lookup tables and with pipelines for high speed. In this method, the task of designing all the logic must be performed manually because no currently available logic synthesis software tool can produce optimal solutions of design problems of this type. However, some assistance is provided by a script, written for this purpose in the Python language (an object-oriented interpretive computer language) to automatically generate hardware description language (HDL) code from state-transition rules.

Program Helps Decompose Complex Design Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, James L., Jr.; Hall, Laura E.

1995-01-01

DeMAID (Design Manager's Aid for Intelligent Decomposition) computer program is knowledge-based software system for ordering sequence of modules and identifying possible multilevel structure for design problems such as large platforms in outer space. Groups modular subsystems on basis of interactions among them. Saves considerable amount of money and time in total design process, particularly in new design problem in which order of modules has not been defined. Originally written for design problems, also applicable to problems containing modules (processes) that take inputs and generate outputs. Available in three machine versions: Macintosh written in Symantec's Think C 3.01, Sun, and SGI IRIS in C language.

Inviting Argument by Analogy: Analogical-Mapping-Based Comparison Activities as a Scaffold for Small-Group Argumentation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Emig, Brandon R.; McDonald, Scott; Zembal-Saul, Carla; Strauss, Susan G.

2014-01-01

This study invited small groups to make several arguments by analogy about simple machines. Groups were first provided training on analogical (structure) mapping and were then invited to use analogical mapping as a scaffold to make arguments. In making these arguments, groups were asked to consider three simple machines: two machines that they had…

Design and experiment on 2KF-15 type disc cutter and shallow fertilization machine in rubber plantation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Yiguo; Zhang, Yuan; Wang, Yeqin

2017-12-01

At present, the trenching and fertilization machine has a serious weed plug problem when trenching and fertilization operation in rubber plantation. So a disc cutter and shallow fertilization machine in rubber plantation named 2KF-15 was designed, the design scheme used the front disc cutter cutting the grass, while using the rear of the disc furrow to trenching, the prototype of a disc anti-plugging trenching and shallow fertilization machine was completed. Afterwards, a series of trenching and fertilization field experiments were carried out, and the results showed that the ditching depth of this machine could achieve from 131 to 176 mm, and the average depth could reach 156 mm, the ditching depth stability coefficient could achieve 90.3%; The fertilizer amount of this machine could achieve from 113.2 to 156.4 kg/hm2, the average fertilizer amount reach 134.2kg/hm2, the fertilizer amount stability coefficient could achieve 89.6%, the fertilizer broken rate was 0%, the fertilizer coverage rate of 98.4%;The situation of fertilizer accumulation occurred less by using this machine, and the fertilization performance was relatively stable. This new designed machine for trenching, fertilization and covering the soil were carried out at the same time. So the number of operations could be effectively reduced. This new designed machine does not only meet the agronomic requirements of rubber plantation fertilization, but also provides a reference for the trenching and fertilization operation in other.

The research on construction and application of machining process knowledge base

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Tan; Qiao, Lihong; Qie, Yifan; Guo, Kai

2018-03-01

In order to realize the application of knowledge in machining process design, from the perspective of knowledge in the application of computer aided process planning(CAPP), a hierarchical structure of knowledge classification is established according to the characteristics of mechanical engineering field. The expression of machining process knowledge is structured by means of production rules and the object-oriented methods. Three kinds of knowledge base models are constructed according to the representation of machining process knowledge. In this paper, the definition and classification of machining process knowledge, knowledge model, and the application flow of the process design based on the knowledge base are given, and the main steps of the design decision of the machine tool are carried out as an application by using the knowledge base.

Designing Contestability: Interaction Design, Machine Learning, and Mental Health

PubMed Central

Hirsch, Tad; Merced, Kritzia; Narayanan, Shrikanth; Imel, Zac E.; Atkins, David C.

2017-01-01

We describe the design of an automated assessment and training tool for psychotherapists to illustrate challenges with creating interactive machine learning (ML) systems, particularly in contexts where human life, livelihood, and wellbeing are at stake. We explore how existing theories of interaction design and machine learning apply to the psychotherapy context, and identify “contestability” as a new principle for designing systems that evaluate human behavior. Finally, we offer several strategies for making ML systems more accountable to human actors. PMID:28890949

Protecting Files Hosted on Virtual Machines With Out-of-Guest Access Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-01

analyzes the design and methodology of the implemented mechanism, while Chapter 4 explains the test methodology, test cases, and performance testing ...SACL, we verify that the user or group accessing the file has sufficient permissions. If that is correct, the callback function returns control to...ferify. In the first section, we validate our design of ferify. Next, we explain the tests we performed to verify that ferify has the results we expected

Design study and performance analysis of 12S-14P field excitation flux switching motor for hybrid electric vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husin, Zhafir Aizat; Sulaiman, Erwan; Khan, Faisal; Mazlan, Mohamed Mubin Aizat; Othman, Syed Muhammad Naufal Syed

2015-05-01

This paper presents a new structure of 12slot-14pole field excitation flux switching motor (FEFSM) as an alternative candidate of non-Permanent Magnet (PM) machine for HEV drives. Design study, performance analysis and optimization of field excitation flux switching machine with non-rare-earth magnet for hybrid electric vehicle drive applications is done. The stator of projected machine consists of iron core made of electromagnetic steels, armature coils and field excitation coils as the only field mmf source. The rotor is consisted of only stack of iron and hence, it is reliable and appropriate for high speed operation. The design target is a machine with the maximum torque, power and power density, more than 210Nm, 123kW and 3.5kW/kg, respectively, which competes with interior permanent magnet synchronous machine used in existing hybrid electric vehicle. Some design feasibility studies on FEFSM based on 2D-FEA and deterministic optimization method will be applied to design the proposed machine.

[Machinable property of a novel dental mica glass-ceramic].

PubMed

Chen, Ji-hua; Li, Na; Ma, Xin-pei; Zhao, Ying-hua; Sun, Xiang; Li, Guang-xin

2007-12-01

To investigate the machinability of a novel dental mica glass-ceramic and analyze the effect of heat-treatment on its ductile machinable behavior. The drilling and turning experiment were used to measure the machinabilities of the control group (feldspar ceramic: Vita Mark II) and 7 experiment groups treated with different crystallization techniques. The microstructures were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average drilling depths in 30 s of the experimental groups ranged from (0.5 +/- 0.1) mm to (7.1 +/- 0.8) mm. There were significant differences between the control [(0.8 +/- 0.1) mm] and the experimental groups (P < 0.05) except the group crystallized at 740 degrees C for 60 min. When crystallized at 650 degrees C (60 min), continuous band chips could formed in machining at a high velocity and cut depth. The crystal portion of this group is only about 40%. This material has a satisfactory machinability. The mechanism could be attributed to a combination of the interlocked structure of mica crystals and the low viscosity of glassy phase.

Students' beliefs and behaviour regarding low-calorie beverages, sweets or snacks: are they affected by lessons on healthy food and by changes to school vending machines?

PubMed

Kocken, Paul L; van Kesteren, Nicole M C; Buijs, Goof; Snel, Jeltje; Dusseldorp, Elise

2015-06-01

To study the effects of school lessons about healthy food on adolescents' self-reported beliefs and behaviour regarding the purchase and consumption of soft drinks, water and extra foods, including sweets and snacks. The lessons were combined with the introduction of lower-calorie foods, food labelling and price reductions in school vending machines. A cluster-randomized controlled design was used to allocate schools to an experimental group (i.e. lessons and changes to school vending machines) and a control group (i.e. 'care as usual'). Questionnaires were used pre-test and post-test to assess students' self-reported purchase of extra products and their knowledge and beliefs regarding the consumption of low-calorie products. Secondary schools in the Netherlands. Twelve schools participated in the experimental group (303 students) and fourteen in the control group (311 students). The students' mean age was 13.6 years, 71.5% were of native Dutch origin and mean BMI was 18.9 kg/m(2). At post-test, the experimental group knew significantly more about healthy food than the control group. Fewer students in the experimental group (43%) than in the control group (56%) reported bringing soft drinks from home. There was no significant effect on attitude, social norm, perceived behavioural control and intention regarding the consumption of low-calorie extra products. The intervention had limited effects on students' knowledge and self-reported behaviour, and no effect on their beliefs regarding low-calorie beverages, sweets or snacks. We recommend a combined educational and environmental intervention of longer duration and engaging parents. More research into the effects of such interventions is needed.

Machine characterization based on an abstract high-level language machine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Saavedra-Barrera, Rafael H.; Smith, Alan Jay; Miya, Eugene

1989-01-01

Measurements are presented for a large number of machines ranging from small workstations to supercomputers. The authors combine these measurements into groups of parameters which relate to specific aspects of the machine implementation, and use these groups to provide overall machine characterizations. The authors also define the concept of pershapes, which represent the level of performance of a machine for different types of computation. A metric based on pershapes is introduced that provides a quantitative way of measuring how similar two machines are in terms of their performance distributions. The metric is related to the extent to which pairs of machines have varying relative performance levels depending on which benchmark is used.

Progress Toward Fabrication of Machined Metal Shells for the First Double-Shell Implosions at the National Ignition Facility

DOE PAGES

Cardenas, Tana; Schmidt, Derek W.; Loomis, Eric N.; ...

2018-01-25

The double-shell platform fielded at the National Ignition Facility requires developments in new machining techniques and robotic assembly stations to meet the experimental specifications. Current double-shell target designs use a dense high-Z inner shell, a foam cushion, and a low-Z outer shell. The design requires that the inner shell be gas filled using a fill tube. This tube impacts the entire machining and assembly design. Other intermediate physics designs have to be fielded to answer physics questions and advance the technology to be able to fabricate the full point design in the near future. One of these intermediate designs ismore » a mid-Z imaging design. The methods of designing, fabricating, and characterizing each of the major components of an imaging double shell are discussed with an emphasis on the fabrication of the machined outer metal shell.« less

Progress Toward Fabrication of Machined Metal Shells for the First Double-Shell Implosions at the National Ignition Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cardenas, Tana; Schmidt, Derek W.; Loomis, Eric N.

The double-shell platform fielded at the National Ignition Facility requires developments in new machining techniques and robotic assembly stations to meet the experimental specifications. Current double-shell target designs use a dense high-Z inner shell, a foam cushion, and a low-Z outer shell. The design requires that the inner shell be gas filled using a fill tube. This tube impacts the entire machining and assembly design. Other intermediate physics designs have to be fielded to answer physics questions and advance the technology to be able to fabricate the full point design in the near future. One of these intermediate designs ismore » a mid-Z imaging design. The methods of designing, fabricating, and characterizing each of the major components of an imaging double shell are discussed with an emphasis on the fabrication of the machined outer metal shell.« less

3D unstructured-mesh radiation transport codes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morel, J.

1997-12-31

Three unstructured-mesh radiation transport codes are currently being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The first code is ATTILA, which uses an unstructured tetrahedral mesh in conjunction with standard Sn (discrete-ordinates) angular discretization, standard multigroup energy discretization, and linear-discontinuous spatial differencing. ATTILA solves the standard first-order form of the transport equation using source iteration in conjunction with diffusion-synthetic acceleration of the within-group source iterations. DANTE is designed to run primarily on workstations. The second code is DANTE, which uses a hybrid finite-element mesh consisting of arbitrary combinations of hexahedra, wedges, pyramids, and tetrahedra. DANTE solves several second-order self-adjoint forms of the transport equation including the even-parity equation, the odd-parity equation, and a new equation called the self-adjoint angular flux equation. DANTE also offers three angular discretization options:more » $$S{_}n$$ (discrete-ordinates), $$P{_}n$$ (spherical harmonics), and $$SP{_}n$$ (simplified spherical harmonics). DANTE is designed to run primarily on massively parallel message-passing machines, such as the ASCI-Blue machines at LANL and LLNL. The third code is PERICLES, which uses the same hybrid finite-element mesh as DANTE, but solves the standard first-order form of the transport equation rather than a second-order self-adjoint form. DANTE uses a standard $$S{_}n$$ discretization in angle in conjunction with trilinear-discontinuous spatial differencing, and diffusion-synthetic acceleration of the within-group source iterations. PERICLES was initially designed to run on workstations, but a version for massively parallel message-passing machines will be built. The three codes will be described in detail and computational results will be presented.« less

[Effect of manual cleaning and machine cleaning for dental handpiece].

PubMed

Zhou, Xiaoli; Huang, Hao; He, Xiaoyan; Chen, Hui; Zhou, Xiaoying

2013-08-01

Comparing the dental handpiece' s cleaning effect between manual cleaning and machine cleaning. Eighty same contaminated dental handpieces were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, each group contains 40 pieces. The experimental group was treated by full automatic washing machine, and the control group was cleaned manually. The cleaning method was conducted according to the operations process standard, then ATP bioluminescence was used to test the cleaning results. Average relative light units (RLU) by ATP bioluminescence detection were as follows: Experimental group was 9, control group was 41. The two groups were less than the recommended RLU value provided by the instrument manufacturer (RLU < or = 45). There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The cleaning quality of the experimental group was better than that of control group. It is recommended that the central sterile supply department should clean dental handpieces by machine to ensure the cleaning effect and maintain the quality.

FSW of Aluminum Tailor Welded Blanks across Machine Platforms

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hovanski, Yuri; Upadhyay, Piyush; Carlson, Blair

2015-02-16

Development and characterization of friction stir welded aluminum tailor welded blanks was successfully carried out on three separate machine platforms. Each was a commercially available, gantry style, multi-axis machine designed specifically for friction stir welding. Weld parameters were developed to support high volume production of dissimilar thickness aluminum tailor welded blanks at speeds of 3 m/min and greater. Parameters originally developed on an ultra-high stiffness servo driven machine where first transferred to a high stiffness servo-hydraulic friction stir welding machine, and subsequently transferred to a purpose built machine designed to accommodate thin sheet aluminum welding. The inherent beam stiffness, bearingmore » compliance, and control system for each machine were distinctly unique, which posed specific challenges in transferring welding parameters across machine platforms. This work documents the challenges imposed by successfully transferring weld parameters from machine to machine, produced from different manufacturers and with unique control systems and interfaces.« less

Signal Design for Improved Ranging Among Multiple Transceivers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, Lawrence; Tien, Jeffrey; Srinivasan, Jeffrey

2004-01-01

"Ultra-BOC" (where "BOC" signifies "binary offset carrier") is the name of an improved generic design of microwave signals to be used by a group of spacecraft flying in formation to measure ranges and bearings among themselves and to exchange telemetry needed for these measurements. Ultra-BOC could also be applied on Earth for diverse purposes -- for example, measuring relative positions of vehicles on highways for traffic-control purposes and determining the relative alignments of machines operating in mines and of construction machines and structures at construction sites. Ultra-BOC provides for rapid and robust acquisition of signals, even when signal-to-noise ratios are low. The design further provides that each spacecraft or other platform constantly strives to acquire and track the signals from the other platforms while simultaneously transmitting signals that provide full range, bearing, and telemetry service to the other platforms. In Ultra-BOC, unlike in other signal designs that have been considered for the same purposes, it is not necessary to maneuver the spacecraft or other platforms to obtain the data needed for resolving integer-carrier-cycle phase ambiguities.

Design Comparison of Inner and Outer Rotor of Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machine for Electric Bicycle Application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jusoh, L. I.; Sulaiman, E.; Bahrim, F. S.; Kumar, R.

2017-08-01

Recent advancements have led to the development of flux switching machines (FSMs) with flux sources within the stators. The advantage of being a single-piece machine with a robust rotor structure makes FSM an excellent choice for speed applications. There are three categories of FSM, namely, the permanent magnet (PM) FSM, the field excitation (FE) FSM, and the hybrid excitation (HE) FSM. The PMFSM and the FEFSM have their respective PM and field excitation coil (FEC) as their key flux sources. Meanwhile, as the name suggests, the HEFSM has a combination of PM and FECs as the flux sources. The PMFSM is a simple and cheap machine, and it has the ability to control variable flux, which would be suitable for an electric bicycle. Thus, this paper will present a design comparison between an inner rotor and an outer rotor for a single-phase permanent magnet flux switching machine with 8S-10P, designed specifically for an electric bicycle. The performance of this machine was validated using the 2D- FEA. As conclusion, the outer-rotor has much higher torque approximately at 54.2% of an innerrotor PMFSM. From the comprehensive analysis of both designs it can be conclude that output performance is lower than the SRM and IPMSM design machine. But, it shows that the possibility to increase the design performance by using “deterministic optimization method”.

Designing instruction to support mechanical reasoning: Three alternatives in the simple machines learning environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McKenna, Ann Frances

2001-07-01

Creating a classroom environment that fosters a productive learning experience and engages students in the learning process is a complex endeavor. A classroom environment is dynamic and requires a unique synergy among students, teacher, classroom artifacts and events to achieve robust understanding and knowledge integration. This dissertation addresses this complex issue by developing, implementing, and investigating the simple machines learning environment (SIMALE) to support students' mechanical reasoning and understanding. SIMALE was designed to support reflection, collaborative learning, and to engage students in generative learning through multiple representations of concepts and successive experimentation and design activities. Two key components of SIMALE are an original web-based software tool and hands-on Lego activities. A research study consisting of three treatment groups was created to investigate the benefits of hands-on and web-based computer activities on students' analytic problem solving ability, drawing/modeling ability, and conceptual understanding. The study was conducted with two populations of students that represent a diverse group with respect to gender, ethnicity, academic achievement and social/economic status. One population of students in this dissertation study participated from the Mathematics, Engineering, and Science Achievement (MESA) program that serves minorities and under-represented groups in science and mathematics. The second group was recruited from the Academic Talent Development Program (ATDP) that is an academically competitive outreach program offered through the University of California at Berkeley. Results from this dissertation show success of the SIMALE along several dimensions. First, students in both populations achieved significant gains in analytic problem solving ability, drawing/modeling ability, and conceptual understanding. Second, significant differences that were found on pre-test measures were eliminated on post-test measures. Specifically, female students scored significantly lower than males on the overall pre-tests but scored as well as males on the same post-test measures. MESA students also scored significantly lower than ATDP students on pre-test measures but both populations scored equally well on the post-tests. This dissertation has therefore shown the SIMALE to support a collaborative, reflective, and generative learning environment. Furthermore, the SIMALE clearly contributes to students' mechanical reasoning and understanding of simple machines concepts for a diverse population of students.

A group communication approach for mobile computing mobile channel: An ISIS tool for mobile services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Kenjiro; Birman, Kenneth P.

1994-05-01

This paper examines group communication as an infrastructure to support mobility of users, and presents a simple scheme to support user mobility by means of switching a control point between replicated servers. We describe the design and implementation of a set of tools, called Mobile Channel, for use with the ISIS system. Mobile Channel is based on a combination of the two replication schemes: the primary-backup approach and the state machine approach. Mobile Channel implements a reliable one-to-many FIFO channel, in which a mobile client sees a single reliable server; servers, acting as a state machine, see multicast messages from clients. Migrations of mobile clients are handled as an intentional primary switch, and hand-offs or server failures are completely masked to mobile clients. To achieve high performance, servers are replicated at a sliding-window level. Our scheme provides a simple abstraction of migration, eliminates complicated hand-off protocols, provides fault-tolerance and is implemented within the existing group communication mechanism.

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Glass Cutting Machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Veena, T. R.; Kadadevaramath, R. S.; Nagaraj, P. M.; Madhusudhan, S. V.

2016-09-01

This paper deals with the design and fabrication of the automatic glass or mirror cutting machine. In order to increase the accuracy of cut and production rate; and decrease the production time and accidents caused due to manual cutting of mirror or glass, this project aims at development of an automatic machine which uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) for controlling the movement of the conveyer and also to control the pneumatic circuit. In this machine, the work of the operator is to load and unload the mirror. The cutter used in this machine is carbide wheel with its cutting edge ground to a V-shaped profile. The PLC controls the pneumatic cylinder and intern actuates the cutter along the glass, a fracture layer is formed causing a mark to be formed below the fracture layer and a crack to be formed below the rib mark. The machine elements are designed using CATIA V5R20 and pneumatic circuit are designed using FESTO FLUID SIM software.

Machine learning and data science in soft materials engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferguson, Andrew L.

2018-01-01

In many branches of materials science it is now routine to generate data sets of such large size and dimensionality that conventional methods of analysis fail. Paradigms and tools from data science and machine learning can provide scalable approaches to identify and extract trends and patterns within voluminous data sets, perform guided traversals of high-dimensional phase spaces, and furnish data-driven strategies for inverse materials design. This topical review provides an accessible introduction to machine learning tools in the context of soft and biological materials by ‘de-jargonizing’ data science terminology, presenting a taxonomy of machine learning techniques, and surveying the mathematical underpinnings and software implementations of popular tools, including principal component analysis, independent component analysis, diffusion maps, support vector machines, and relative entropy. We present illustrative examples of machine learning applications in soft matter, including inverse design of self-assembling materials, nonlinear learning of protein folding landscapes, high-throughput antimicrobial peptide design, and data-driven materials design engines. We close with an outlook on the challenges and opportunities for the field.

Initial planetary base construction techniques and machine implementation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crockford, William W.

1987-01-01

Conceptual designs of (1) initial planetary base structures, and (2) an unmanned machine to perform the construction of these structures using materials local to the planet are presented. Rock melting is suggested as a possible technique to be used by the machine in fabricating roads, platforms, and interlocking bricks. Identification of problem areas in machine design and materials processing is accomplished. The feasibility of the designs is contingent upon favorable results of an analysis of the engineering behavior of the product materials. The analysis requires knowledge of several parameters for solution of the constitutive equations of the theory of elasticity. An initial collection of these parameters is presented which helps to define research needed to perform a realistic feasibility study. A qualitative approach to estimating power and mass lift requirements for the proposed machine is used which employs specifications of currently available equipment. An initial, unmanned mission scenario is discussed with emphasis on identifying uncompleted tasks and suggesting design considerations for vehicles and primitive structures which use the products of the machine processing.

Machine learning and data science in soft materials engineering.

PubMed

Ferguson, Andrew L

2018-01-31

In many branches of materials science it is now routine to generate data sets of such large size and dimensionality that conventional methods of analysis fail. Paradigms and tools from data science and machine learning can provide scalable approaches to identify and extract trends and patterns within voluminous data sets, perform guided traversals of high-dimensional phase spaces, and furnish data-driven strategies for inverse materials design. This topical review provides an accessible introduction to machine learning tools in the context of soft and biological materials by 'de-jargonizing' data science terminology, presenting a taxonomy of machine learning techniques, and surveying the mathematical underpinnings and software implementations of popular tools, including principal component analysis, independent component analysis, diffusion maps, support vector machines, and relative entropy. We present illustrative examples of machine learning applications in soft matter, including inverse design of self-assembling materials, nonlinear learning of protein folding landscapes, high-throughput antimicrobial peptide design, and data-driven materials design engines. We close with an outlook on the challenges and opportunities for the field.

X-Ray Backscatter Machine Support Frame

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cannon, Brooke

2010-01-01

This summer at Kennedy Space Center, I spent 10 weeks as an intern working at the Prototype Development Lab. During this time I learned about the design and machining done here at NASA. I became familiar with the process from where a design begins in Pro/Engineer and finishes at the hands of the machinists. As an intern I was given various small jobs to do and then one project of my own. My personal project was a job for the Applied Physics Lab; in their work they use an X-Ray Backscatter machine. Previously it was resting atop a temporary frame that limited the use of the machine. My job was to design a frame for the machine to rest upon that would allow a full range of sample sizes. The frame was required to support the machine and provide a strain relief for the cords attached to the machine as it moved in the x and y directions. Calculations also had to be done to be sure the design would be able to withstand any loads or outside sources of stress. After the calculations proved the design to be ready to withstand the requirements, the parts were ordered or fabricated, as required. This helped me understand the full process of jobs sent to the Prototype Development Lab.

Cogging Torque Minimization in Transverse Flux Machines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Husain, Tausif; Hasan, Iftekhar; Sozer, Yilmaz

2017-02-16

This paper presents the design considerations in cogging torque minimization in two types of transverse flux machines. The machines have a double stator-single rotor configuration with flux concentrating ferrite magnets. One of the machines has pole windings across each leg of an E-Core stator. Another machine has quasi-U-shaped stator cores and a ring winding. The flux in the stator back iron is transverse in both machines. Different methods of cogging torque minimization are investigated. Key methods of cogging torque minimization are identified and used as design variables for optimization using a design of experiments (DOE) based on the Taguchi method.more » A three-level DOE is performed to reach an optimum solution with minimum simulations. Finite element analysis is used to study the different effects. Two prototypes are being fabricated for experimental verification.« less

Design Methodology for Automated Construction Machines

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-11

along with the design of a pair of machines which automate framework installation.-,, 20. DISTRIBUTION IAVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY... Development Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering and Laura A . Demsetz, David H. Levy, Bruce Schena Graduate Research Assistants December 11, 1987 U.S...are discussed along with the design of a pair of machines which automate framework installation. Preliminary analysis and testing indicate that these

The role of hemodialysis machines dedication in reducing Hepatitis C transmission in the dialysis setting in Iran: A multicenter prospective interventional study

PubMed Central

Shamshirsaz, Alireza Abdollah; Kamgar, Mohammad; Bekheirnia, Mir Reza; Ayazi, Farzam; Hashemi, Seyed Reza; Bouzari, Navid; Habibzadeh, Mohammad Reza; Pourzahedgilani, Nima; Broumand, Varshasb; Shamshirsaz, Amirhooshang Abdollah; Moradi, Maziyar; Borghei, Mehrdad; Haghighi, Niloofar Nobakht; Broumand, Behrooz

2004-01-01

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant problem among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We conducted a prospective multi-center study to evaluate the effect of dialysis machine separation on the spread of HCV infection. Methods Twelve randomly selected dialysis centers in Tehran, Iran were randomly divided into two groups; those using dedicated machines (D) for HCV infected individuals and those using non-dedicated HD machines (ND). 593 HD cases including 51 HCV positive (RT-PCR) cases and 542 HCV negative patients were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of HCV infection in the D group was 10.1% (range: 4.6%– 13.2%) and it was 7.1% (range: 4.2%–16.8%) in the ND group. During the study conduction 5 new HCV positive cases and 169 new HCV negative cases were added. In the D group, PCR positive patients were dialyzed on dedicated machines. In the ND group all patients shared the same machines. Results In the first follow-up period, the incidence of HCV infection was 1.6% and 4.7% in the D and ND group respectively (p = 0.05). In the second follow-up period, the incidence of HCV infection was 1.3% in the D group and 5.7% in the ND group (p < 0.05). Conclusions In this study the incidence of HCV in HD patients decreased by the use of dedicated HD machines for HCV infected patients. Additional studies may help to clarify the role of machine dedication in conjunction with application of universal precautions in reducing HCV transmission. PMID:15469615

Analysis of machining accuracy during free form surface milling simulation for different milling strategies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matras, A.; Kowalczyk, R.

2014-11-01

The analysis results of machining accuracy after the free form surface milling simulations (based on machining EN AW- 7075 alloys) for different machining strategies (Level Z, Radial, Square, Circular) are presented in the work. Particular milling simulations were performed using CAD/CAM Esprit software. The accuracy of obtained allowance is defined as a difference between the theoretical surface of work piece element (the surface designed in CAD software) and the machined surface after a milling simulation. The difference between two surfaces describes a value of roughness, which is as the result of tool shape mapping on the machined surface. Accuracy of the left allowance notifies in direct way a surface quality after the finish machining. Described methodology of usage CAD/CAM software can to let improve a time design of machining process for a free form surface milling by a 5-axis CNC milling machine with omitting to perform the item on a milling machine in order to measure the machining accuracy for the selected strategies and cutting data.

CHISSL: A Human-Machine Collaboration Space for Unsupervised Learning

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arendt, Dustin L.; Komurlu, Caner; Blaha, Leslie M.

We developed CHISSL, a human-machine interface that utilizes supervised machine learning in an unsupervised context to help the user group unlabeled instances by her own mental model. The user primarily interacts via correction (moving a misplaced instance into its correct group) or confirmation (accepting that an instance is placed in its correct group). Concurrent with the user's interactions, CHISSL trains a classification model guided by the user's grouping of the data. It then predicts the group of unlabeled instances and arranges some of these alongside the instances manually organized by the user. We hypothesize that this mode of human andmore » machine collaboration is more effective than Active Learning, wherein the machine decides for itself which instances should be labeled by the user. We found supporting evidence for this hypothesis in a pilot study where we applied CHISSL to organize a collection of handwritten digits.« less

Real Time Monitoring System of Pollution Waste on Musi River Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fachrurrozi, Muhammad; Saparudin; Erwin

2017-04-01

Real-time Monitoring and early detection system which measures the quality standard of waste in Musi River, Palembang, Indonesia is a system for determining air and water pollution level. This system was designed in order to create an integrated monitoring system and provide real time information that can be read. It is designed to measure acidity and water turbidity polluted by industrial waste, as well as to show and provide conditional data integrated in one system. This system consists of inputting and processing the data, and giving output based on processed data. Turbidity, substances, and pH sensor is used as a detector that produce analog electrical direct current voltage (DC). Early detection system works by determining the value of the ammonia threshold, acidity, and turbidity level of water in Musi River. The results is then presented based on the level group pollution by the Support Vector Machine classification method.

Users manual for the US baseline corn and soybean segment classification procedure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horvath, R.; Colwell, R. (Principal Investigator); Hay, C.; Metzler, M.; Mykolenko, O.; Odenweller, J.; Rice, D.

1981-01-01

A user's manual for the classification component of the FY-81 U.S. Corn and Soybean Pilot Experiment in the Foreign Commodity Production Forecasting Project of AgRISTARS is presented. This experiment is one of several major experiments in AgRISTARS designed to measure and advance the remote sensing technologies for cropland inventory. The classification procedure discussed is designed to produce segment proportion estimates for corn and soybeans in the U.S. Corn Belt (Iowa, Indiana, and Illinois) using LANDSAT data. The estimates are produced by an integrated Analyst/Machine procedure. The Analyst selects acquisitions, participates in stratification, and assigns crop labels to selected samples. In concert with the Analyst, the machine digitally preprocesses LANDSAT data to remove external effects, stratifies the data into field like units and into spectrally similar groups, statistically samples the data for Analyst labeling, and combines the labeled samples into a final estimate.

Research on axisymmetric aspheric surface numerical design and manufacturing technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhen-zhong; Guo, Yin-biao; Lin, Zheng

2006-02-01

The key technology for aspheric machining offers exact machining path and machining aspheric lens with high accuracy and efficiency, in spite of the development of traditional manual manufacturing into nowadays numerical control (NC) machining. This paper presents a mathematical model between virtual cone and aspheric surface equations, and discusses the technology of uniform wear of grinding wheel and error compensation in aspheric machining. Finally, a software system for high precision aspheric surface manufacturing is designed and realized, based on the mentioned above. This software system can work out grinding wheel path according to input parameters and generate machining NC programs of aspheric surfaces.

AC Loss Analysis of MgB2-Based Fully Superconducting Machines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feddersen, M.; Haran, K. S.; Berg, F.

2017-12-01

Superconducting electric machines have shown potential for significant increase in power density, making them attractive for size and weight sensitive applications such as offshore wind generation, marine propulsion, and hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion. Superconductors exhibit no loss under dc conditions, though ac current and field produce considerable losses due to hysteresis, eddy currents, and coupling mechanisms. For this reason, many present machines are designed to be partially superconducting, meaning that the dc field components are superconducting while the ac armature coils are conventional conductors. Fully superconducting designs can provide increases in power density with significantly higher armature current; however, a good estimate of ac losses is required to determine the feasibility under the machines intended operating conditions. This paper aims to characterize the expected losses in a fully superconducting machine targeted towards aircraft, based on an actively-shielded, partially superconducting machine from prior work. Various factors are examined such as magnet strength, operating frequency, and machine load to produce a model for the loss in the superconducting components of the machine. This model is then used to optimize the design of the machine for minimal ac loss while maximizing power density. Important observations from the study are discussed.

Machinist (AFSC 42750).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Air Univ., Gunter AFS, Ala. Extension Course Inst.

This four-volume student text is designed for use by Air Force personnel enrolled in a self-study extension course for machinists. Covered in the individual volumes are machine shop fundamentals, metallurgy and advanced machine work, advanced machine work, and tool design and shop management. Each volume in the set contains a series of lessons,…

The assisted prediction modelling frame with hybridisation and ensemble for business risk forecasting and an implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Hui; Hong, Lu-Yao; Zhou, Qing; Yu, Hai-Jie

2015-08-01

The business failure of numerous companies results in financial crises. The high social costs associated with such crises have made people to search for effective tools for business risk prediction, among which, support vector machine is very effective. Several modelling means, including single-technique modelling, hybrid modelling, and ensemble modelling, have been suggested in forecasting business risk with support vector machine. However, existing literature seldom focuses on the general modelling frame for business risk prediction, and seldom investigates performance differences among different modelling means. We reviewed researches on forecasting business risk with support vector machine, proposed the general assisted prediction modelling frame with hybridisation and ensemble (APMF-WHAE), and finally, investigated the use of principal components analysis, support vector machine, random sampling, and group decision, under the general frame in forecasting business risk. Under the APMF-WHAE frame with support vector machine as the base predictive model, four specific predictive models were produced, namely, pure support vector machine, a hybrid support vector machine involved with principal components analysis, a support vector machine ensemble involved with random sampling and group decision, and an ensemble of hybrid support vector machine using group decision to integrate various hybrid support vector machines on variables produced from principle components analysis and samples from random sampling. The experimental results indicate that hybrid support vector machine and ensemble of hybrid support vector machines were able to produce dominating performance than pure support vector machine and support vector machine ensemble.

Machine-Learning Approach for Design of Nanomagnetic-Based Antennas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gianfagna, Carmine; Yu, Huan; Swaminathan, Madhavan; Pulugurtha, Raj; Tummala, Rao; Antonini, Giulio

2017-08-01

We propose a machine-learning approach for design of planar inverted-F antennas with a magneto-dielectric nanocomposite substrate. It is shown that machine-learning techniques can be efficiently used to characterize nanomagnetic-based antennas by accurately mapping the particle radius and volume fraction of the nanomagnetic material to antenna parameters such as gain, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and resonant frequency. A modified mixing rule model is also presented. In addition, the inverse problem is addressed through machine learning as well, where given the antenna parameters, the corresponding design space of possible material parameters is identified.

Mechanical and Histological Effects of Resorbable Blasting Media Surface Treatment on the Initial Stability of Orthodontic Mini-Implants

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Introduction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resorbable blasting media (RBM) treatment on early stability of orthodontic mini-implants by mechanical, histomorphometric, and histological analyses. Methods. Ninety-six (64 for mechanical study and 32 for histological study and histomorphometric analysis) titanium orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) with machined (machined group) or RBM-treated (CaP) surface (RBM group) were implanted in the tibiae of 24 rabbits. Maximum initial torque (MIT) was measured during insertion, and maximum removal torque (MRT) and removal angular momentum (RAM) were measured at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) were analyzed at 4 weeks after implantation. Results. RBM group exhibited significantly lower MIT and significantly higher MRT and RAM at 2 weeks than machined group. No significant difference in MRT, RAM, and BIC between the two groups was noted at 4 weeks, although BA was significantly higher in RBM group than in machined group. RBM group showed little bone resorption, whereas machined group showed new bone formation after bone resorption. Conclusions. RBM surface treatment can provide early stability of OMIs around 2 weeks after insertion, whereas stability of machined surface OMIs may decrease in early stages because of bone resorption, although it can subsequently recover by new bone apposition. PMID:26942200

Operating Comfort Prediction Model of Human-Machine Interface Layout for Cabin Based on GEP.

PubMed

Deng, Li; Wang, Guohua; Chen, Bo

2015-01-01

In view of the evaluation and decision-making problem of human-machine interface layout design for cabin, the operating comfort prediction model is proposed based on GEP (Gene Expression Programming), using operating comfort to evaluate layout scheme. Through joint angles to describe operating posture of upper limb, the joint angles are taken as independent variables to establish the comfort model of operating posture. Factor analysis is adopted to decrease the variable dimension; the model's input variables are reduced from 16 joint angles to 4 comfort impact factors, and the output variable is operating comfort score. The Chinese virtual human body model is built by CATIA software, which will be used to simulate and evaluate the operators' operating comfort. With 22 groups of evaluation data as training sample and validation sample, GEP algorithm is used to obtain the best fitting function between the joint angles and the operating comfort; then, operating comfort can be predicted quantitatively. The operating comfort prediction result of human-machine interface layout of driller control room shows that operating comfort prediction model based on GEP is fast and efficient, it has good prediction effect, and it can improve the design efficiency.

Operating Comfort Prediction Model of Human-Machine Interface Layout for Cabin Based on GEP

PubMed Central

Wang, Guohua; Chen, Bo

2015-01-01

In view of the evaluation and decision-making problem of human-machine interface layout design for cabin, the operating comfort prediction model is proposed based on GEP (Gene Expression Programming), using operating comfort to evaluate layout scheme. Through joint angles to describe operating posture of upper limb, the joint angles are taken as independent variables to establish the comfort model of operating posture. Factor analysis is adopted to decrease the variable dimension; the model's input variables are reduced from 16 joint angles to 4 comfort impact factors, and the output variable is operating comfort score. The Chinese virtual human body model is built by CATIA software, which will be used to simulate and evaluate the operators' operating comfort. With 22 groups of evaluation data as training sample and validation sample, GEP algorithm is used to obtain the best fitting function between the joint angles and the operating comfort; then, operating comfort can be predicted quantitatively. The operating comfort prediction result of human-machine interface layout of driller control room shows that operating comfort prediction model based on GEP is fast and efficient, it has good prediction effect, and it can improve the design efficiency. PMID:26448740

Development of sacrificial support fixture using deflection analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramteke, Ashwini M.; Ashtankar, Kishor M.

2018-04-01

Sacrificial support fixtures are the structures used to hold the part during machining while rotating the part about the fourth axis of CNC machining. In Four axis CNC machining part is held in a indexer which is rotated about the fourth axis of rotation. So using traditional fixturing devices to hold the part during machining such as jigs, v blocks and clamping plates needs a several set ups, manufacturing time which increase the cost associated with it. Since the part is rotated about the axis of rotation in four axis CNC machining so using traditional fixturing devices to hold the part while machining we need to reorient the fixture each time for particular orientation of part about the axis of rotation. So our proposed methodology of fixture design eliminates the cost associate with the complicated fixture design for customized parts which in turn reduces the time of manufacturing of the fixtures. But while designing the layout of the fixtures it is found out that the machining the part using four axis CNC machining the accurate machining of the part is directly proportional to the deflection produced in a part. So to machine an accurate part the deflection produced in a part should be minimum. We assume that the deflection produced in a part is a result of the deflection produced in a sacrificial support fixture while machining. So this paper provides the study of the deflection checking in a part machined using sacrificial support fixture by using FEA analysis.

[Comparison of machinability of two types of dental machinable ceramic].

PubMed

Fu, Qiang; Zhao, Yunfeng; Li, Yong; Fan, Xinping; Li, Yan; Lin, Xuefeng

2002-11-01

In terms of the problems of now available dental machinable ceramics, a new type of calcium-mica glass-ceramic, PMC-I ceramic, was developed, and its machinability was compared with that of Vita MKII quantitatively. Moreover, the relationship between the strength and the machinability of PMC-I ceramic was studied. Samples of PMC-I ceramic were divided into four groups according to their nucleation procedures. 600-seconds drilling tests were conducted with high-speed steel tools (Phi = 2.3 mm) to measure the drilling depths of Vita MKII ceramic and PMC-I ceramic, while constant drilling speed of 600 rpm and constant axial load of 39.2 N were used. And the 3-point bending strength of the four groups of PMC-I ceramic were recorded. Drilling depth of Vita MKII was 0.71 mm, while the depths of the four groups of PMC-I ceramic were 0.88 mm, 1.40 mm, 0.40 mm and 0.90 mm, respectively. Group B of PMC-I ceramic showed the largest depth of 1.40 mm and was statistically different from other groups and Vita MKII. And the strength of the four groups of PMC-I ceramic were 137.7, 210.2, 118.0 and 106.0 MPa, respectively. The machinability of the new developed dental machinable ceramic of PMC-I could meet the need of the clinic.

76 FR 46853 - International Business Machines Corporation, ITD Business Unit, Division 7, E-mail and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-03

...] International Business Machines Corporation, ITD Business Unit, Division 7, E-mail and Collaboration Group... Business Machines Corporation (IBM), ITD Business Unit, Division 7, E- mail and Collaboration Group... Business Unit, Division 7, E-mail and Collaboration [[Page 46854

Examining the development of scientific reasoning in ninth-grade physical science students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Westbrook, Susan L.; Rogers, Laura N.

This study-was designed to test the hypothesis that descriptive learning cycles are neither sufficient to stimulate students to reason at a formal operational level nor to encourage facility with the processes of scientific investigation. A 6-week long, three-investigation unit on simple machines drawn from a ninth-grade physical science curriculum was selected for the study. Students in the course were assigned to one of three instructional groups: descriptive group (DE), question design group (QD), and hypothesis testing group (HT). Each group completed identical exploration and invention activities. Each group participated in qualitatively distinct activities during the expansion phase. The DE students completed the activities outlined in the curriculum (a descriptive learning cycle). The QD group designed and conducted experiments to answer a question posed by the teacher. The HT group generated hypotheses concerning a problem, then designed and conducted experiments to test those hypotheses (a hypothetico-deductive expansion). The effects of the treatments were assessed in a pretest-posttest format using Lawson's Seven Logic-Tasks, the Test of Integrated Process Skills, and Lawson's Revised Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning. Analyses of the data indicated that the HT group exhibited a significant increase on the Test of Integrated Process Skills and on Task 1 of the Seven Logic Tasks during the 6-week period.

Applications of machine learning and data mining methods to detect associations of rare and common variants with complex traits.

PubMed

Lu, Ake Tzu-Hui; Austin, Erin; Bonner, Ashley; Huang, Hsin-Hsiung; Cantor, Rita M

2014-09-01

Machine learning methods (MLMs), designed to develop models using high-dimensional predictors, have been used to analyze genome-wide genetic and genomic data to predict risks for complex traits. We summarize the results from six contributions to our Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 working group; these investigators applied MLMs and data mining to analyses of rare and common genetic variants measured in pedigrees. To develop risk profiles, group members analyzed blood pressure traits along with single-nucleotide polymorphisms and rare variant genotypes derived from sequence and imputation analyses in large Mexican American pedigrees. Supervised MLMs included penalized regression with varying penalties, support vector machines, and permanental classification. Unsupervised MLMs included sparse principal components analysis and sparse graphical models. Entropy-based components analyses were also used to mine these data. None of the investigators fully capitalized on the genetic information provided by the complete pedigrees. Their approaches either corrected for the nonindependence of the individuals within the pedigrees or analyzed only those who were independent. Some methods allowed for covariate adjustment, whereas others did not. We evaluated these methods using a variety of metrics. Four contributors conducted primary analyses on the real data, and the other two research groups used the simulated data with and without knowledge of the underlying simulation model. One group used the answers to the simulated data to assess power and type I errors. Although the MLMs applied were substantially different, each research group concluded that MLMs have advantages over standard statistical approaches with these high-dimensional data. © 2014 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

Banknotes and unattended cash transactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernardini, Ronald R.

2000-04-01

There is a 64 billion dollar annual unattended cash transaction business in the US with 10 to 20 million daily transactions. Even small problems with the machine readability of banknotes can quickly become a major problem to the machine manufacturer and consumer. Traditional note designs incorporate overt security features for visual validation by the public. Many of these features such as fine line engraving, microprinting and watermarks are unsuitable as machine readable features in low cost note acceptors. Current machine readable features, mostly covert, were designed and implemented with the central banks in mind. These features are only usable by the banks large, high speed currency sorting and validation equipment. New note designs should consider and provide for low cost not acceptors, implementing features developed for inexpensive sensing technologies. Machine readable features are only as good as their consistency. Quality of security features as well as that of the overall printing process must be maintained to ensure reliable and secure operation of note readers. Variations in printing and of the components used to make the note are one of the major causes of poor performance in low cost note acceptors. The involvement of machine manufacturers in new currency designs will aid note producers in the design of a note that is machine friendly, helping to secure the acceptance of the note by the public as well as acting asa deterrent to fraud.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hasan, Iftekhar; Husain, Tausif; Sozer, Yilmaz

This paper proposes an analytical machine design tool using magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC)-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) for a double-sided, flux-concentrating transverse flux machine (TFM). The magnetic equivalent circuit method is applied to analytically establish the relationship between the design objective and the input variables of prospective TFM designs. This is computationally less intensive and more time efficient than finite element solvers. A PSO algorithm is then used to design a machine with the highest torque density within the specified power range along with some geometric design constraints. The stator pole length, magnet length, and rotor thickness are the variablesmore » that define the optimization search space. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to verify the performance of the MEC-PSO optimized machine. The proposed analytical design tool helps save computation time by at least 50% when compared to commercial FEA-based optimization programs, with results found to be in agreement with less than 5% error.« less

34 CFR 395.17 - Suspension of designation as State licensing agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... lapse of a reasonable time, the Secretary is of the opinion that such failure to comply still continues... protection of Federal property on which vending machines subject to the requirements of § 395.32 are located in the State. Upon the suspension of such designation, vending machine income from vending machines...

34 CFR 395.17 - Suspension of designation as State licensing agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... lapse of a reasonable time, the Secretary is of the opinion that such failure to comply still continues... protection of Federal property on which vending machines subject to the requirements of § 395.32 are located in the State. Upon the suspension of such designation, vending machine income from vending machines...

34 CFR 395.17 - Suspension of designation as State licensing agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... lapse of a reasonable time, the Secretary is of the opinion that such failure to comply still continues... protection of Federal property on which vending machines subject to the requirements of § 395.32 are located in the State. Upon the suspension of such designation, vending machine income from vending machines...

34 CFR 395.17 - Suspension of designation as State licensing agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... lapse of a reasonable time, the Secretary is of the opinion that such failure to comply still continues... protection of Federal property on which vending machines subject to the requirements of § 395.32 are located in the State. Upon the suspension of such designation, vending machine income from vending machines...

34 CFR 395.17 - Suspension of designation as State licensing agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... lapse of a reasonable time, the Secretary is of the opinion that such failure to comply still continues... protection of Federal property on which vending machines subject to the requirements of § 395.32 are located in the State. Upon the suspension of such designation, vending machine income from vending machines...

Documentation for the machine-readable version of the Bright Star Catalogue

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warren, W. H., Jr.

1982-01-01

The machine-readable version of The Bright Star Catalogue, 4th edition, is described. In addition to the large number of newly determined fundamental data, such as photoelectric magnitudes, MK spectral types, parallaxes, and radial velocities, the new version contains data and information not included in the third edition such as the identification of IR sources, U-B and R-I colors, radial velocity comments (indication and identification of spectroscopic and occultation binaries), and projected rotational velocities. The equatorial coordinates for equinoxes 1900 and 2000 are recorded to greater precision details concerning variability, spectral characteristics, duplicity, and group membership are included. Data compiled through 1979, some information and variable-star designations found through 1981 are considered.

A testpart for interdisciplinary analyses in micro production engineering

DOE PAGES

Möhring, H. -C.; Kersting, P.; Carmignato, S.; ...

2015-04-26

In 2011, a round robin test was initiated within the group of CIRP Research Affiliates. The aim was to establish a platform for linking interdisciplinary research in order to share the expertise and experiences of participants all over the world. This paper introduces a testpart which has been designed to allow an analysis of different manufacturing technologies, simulation methods, machinery and metrology as well as process and production planning aspects. Current investigations are presented focusing on the machining and additive processes to produce the geometry, simulation approaches, machine analysis, and a comparison of measuring technologies. Challenges and limitations regarding themore » manufacturing and evaluation of the testpart features by the applied methods are discussed.« less

Amazing structure of respirasome: unveiling the secrets of cell respiration.

PubMed

Guo, Runyu; Gu, Jinke; Wu, Meng; Yang, Maojun

2016-12-01

Respirasome, a huge molecular machine that carries out cellular respiration, has gained growing attention since its discovery, because respiration is the most indispensable biological process in almost all living creatures. The concept of respirasome has renewed our understanding of the respiratory chain organization, and most recently, the structure of respirasome solved by Yang's group from Tsinghua University (Gu et al. Nature 237(7622):639-643, 2016) firstly presented the detailed interactions within this huge molecular machine, and provided important information for drug design and screening. However, the study of cellular respiration went through a long history. Here, we briefly showed the detoured history of respiratory chain investigation, and then described the amazing structure of respirasome.

Mechanical design of walking machines.

PubMed

Arikawa, Keisuke; Hirose, Shigeo

2007-01-15

The performance of existing actuators, such as electric motors, is very limited, be it power-weight ratio or energy efficiency. In this paper, we discuss the method to design a practical walking machine under this severe constraint with focus on two concepts, the gravitationally decoupled actuation (GDA) and the coupled drive. The GDA decouples the driving system against the gravitational field to suppress generation of negative power and improve energy efficiency. On the other hand, the coupled drive couples the driving system to distribute the output power equally among actuators and maximize the utilization of installed actuator power. First, we depict the GDA and coupled drive in detail. Then, we present actual machines, TITAN-III and VIII, quadruped walking machines designed on the basis of the GDA, and NINJA-I and II, quadruped wall walking machines designed on the basis of the coupled drive. Finally, we discuss walking machines that travel on three-dimensional terrain (3D terrain), which includes the ground, walls and ceiling. Then, we demonstrate with computer simulation that we can selectively leverage GDA and coupled drive by walking posture control.

[Treatment compliance with continuous positive airway pressure device among adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): how many adhere to treatment?].

PubMed

Sarrell, E Michael; Chomsky, Ofer; Shechter, Dalia

2013-03-01

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) afflicts approximately 5% of the adult population and increases with age. The gold standard treatment is with the Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) machine. Well-designed prospective trials to elucidate long term compliance with CPAP machine are rare. Assessing compliance and long-term use of CPAP machines among patients with OSA who were referred for treatment with this machine. A 4 years prospective cohort observational study was conducted using telephone interviews of 371 newly diagnosed patients with moderate to severe OSA, who received a specialist recommendation to use the CPAP machine which was bought and adjusted to their use. At the end of the first year, 126 (34%) of the OSA patients used the CPAP machine on a nightly basis (regular users), 120 (32.3%) had not used it at all, and 125 (33.7%) had used it only intermittently. The number of regular users increased between the 1st and 2nd year from 126 (34%), to 163 (44%) (p < 0.07) due to additions from the intermittent users group. The non-users group grew from 120 (32.3%) in the first year, and every year afterwards, up to 221 (59.6%) in the fourth year (p < 0.02). In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the intermittent users group, which declined from 125 (33.7%) in the first year to only 18 (4.8%) in the 4th year (p < 0.005). Most of the patients (92.9%) were males. The average age of the regular users was 59.6 years (+/- 11), which was higher in comparison to 55.9 years (+/- 10.3) for the non-users or 58.9 years (+/- 12.6) among the intermittent users (p = 0.064). There were no statistical differences in co-morbidities or demographics between the three groups. However, the regular users were found to have a higher score in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and a minimal arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) level lower than the patients in the non-users and intermittent users groups (p = 0.019 and p = 0.03 respectively). Four years follow-up revealed that about two thirds of the OSA patients did not use the CPAP machine. Older age, higher scores on the ESS questionnaire and lower 02 saturation levels on the polysomnogram (PSG) predict better adherence to treatment with the CPAP machine. In light of our findings and high treatment costs, we suggest a better selection process for prescribing CPAP treatment based on the above mentioned criteria. Other treatment modalities may be considered for patients not compliant with CPAP treatment or those who refuse to use it. Ongoing medical and social support is needed in order to maintain good compliance.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Husain, Tausif; Hasan, Iftekhar; Sozer, Yilmaz

This paper presents the design considerations in cogging torque minimization in two types of transverse flux machines. The machines have a double stator-single rotor configuration with flux concentrating ferrite magnets. One of the machines has pole windings across each leg of an E-Core stator. Another machine has quasi-U-shaped stator cores and a ring winding. The flux in the stator back iron is transverse in both machines. Different methods of cogging torque minimization are investigated. Key methods of cogging torque minimization are identified and used as design variables for optimization using a design of experiments (DOE) based on the Taguchi method.more » A three-level DOE is performed to reach an optimum solution with minimum simulations. Finite element analysis is used to study the different effects. Two prototypes are being fabricated for experimental verification.« less

Automated visual imaging interface for the plant floor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wutke, John R.

1991-03-01

The paper will provide an overview of the challenges facing a user of automated visual imaging (" AVI" ) machines and the philosophies that should be employed in designing them. As manufacturing tools and equipment become more sophisticated it is increasingly difficult to maintain an efficient interaction between the operator and machine. The typical user of an AVI machine in a production environment is technically unsophisticated. Also operator and machine ergonomics are often a neglected or poorly addressed part of an efficient manufacturing process. This paper presents a number of man-machine interface design techniques and philosophies that effectively solve these problems.

15 CFR Supplement No. 2 to Part 748 - Unique Application and Submission Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... tools, dimensional inspection machines, direct numerical control systems, specially designed assemblies... Commerce Control List (§ 774.1 of the EAR)—see Category 5 Part 1 Notes 1 and 2 and Part 2 Note 1. License... containing computers to destinations in Country Group D:1 (See Supplement No. 1 to part 740 of the EAR), or...

15 CFR Supplement No. 2 to Part 748 - Unique Application and Submission Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... tools, dimensional inspection machines, direct numerical control systems, specially designed assemblies... Commerce Control List (§ 774.1 of the EAR)—see Category 5 Part 1 Notes 1 and 2 and Part 2 Note 1. License... containing computers to destinations in Country Group D:1 (See Supplement No. 1 to part 740 of the EAR), or...

15 CFR Supplement No. 2 to Part 748 - Unique Application and Submission Requirements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... tools, dimensional inspection machines, direct numerical control systems, specially designed assemblies... Commerce Control List (§ 774.1 of the EAR)—see Category 5 Part 1 Notes 1 and 2 and Part 2 Note 1. License... containing computers to destinations in Country Group D:1 (See supplement No. 1 to part 740 of the EAR), or...

The Application of Clustering Techniques to Citation Data. Research Reports Series B No. 6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arms, William Y.; Arms, Caroline

This report describes research carried out as part of the Design of Information Systems in the Social Sciences (DISISS) project. Cluster analysis techniques were applied to a machine readable file of bibliographic data in the form of cited journal titles in order to identify groupings which could be used to structure bibliographic files. Practical…

Chain Experiment competition inspires learning of physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dziob, Daniel; Górska, Urszula; Kołodziej, Tomasz

2017-05-01

The Chain Experiment is an annual competition which originated in Slovenia in 2005 and later expanded to Poland in 2013. For the purpose of the event, each participating team designs and builds a contraption that transports a small steel ball from one end to the other. At the same time the constructed machine needs to use a number of interesting phenomena and physics laws. In the competition’s finale, all contraptions are connected to each other to form a long chain transporting steel balls. In brief, they are all evaluated for qualities such as: creativity and advance in theoretical background, as well as the reliability of the constructed machine to work without human help. In this article, we present the contraptions developed by students taking part in the competition in order to demonstrate the advance in theoretical basis together with creativity in design and outstanding engineering skills of its participants. Furthermore, we situate the Chain Experiment in the context of other group competitions, at the same time demonstrating that—besides activating numerous group work skills—it also improves the ability to think critically and present one’s knowledge to a broader audience. We discussed it in the context of problem based learning, gamification and collaborative testing.

Enhanced learning through design problems - teaching a components-based course through design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jensen, Bogi Bech; Högberg, Stig; Fløtum Jensen, Frida av; Mijatovic, Nenad

2012-08-01

This paper describes a teaching method used in an electrical machines course, where the students learn about electrical machines by designing them. The aim of the course is not to teach design, albeit this is a side product, but rather to teach the fundamentals and the function of electrical machines through design. The teaching method is evaluated by a student questionnaire, designed to measure the quality and effectiveness of the teaching method. The results of the questionnaire conclusively show that this method labelled 'learning through design' is a very effective way of teaching a components-based course. This teaching method can easily be generalised and used in other courses.

Design synthesis and optimization of permanent magnet synchronous machines based on computationally-efficient finite element analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sizov, Gennadi Y.

In this dissertation, a model-based multi-objective optimal design of permanent magnet ac machines, supplied by sine-wave current regulated drives, is developed and implemented. The design procedure uses an efficient electromagnetic finite element-based solver to accurately model nonlinear material properties and complex geometric shapes associated with magnetic circuit design. Application of an electromagnetic finite element-based solver allows for accurate computation of intricate performance parameters and characteristics. The first contribution of this dissertation is the development of a rapid computational method that allows accurate and efficient exploration of large multi-dimensional design spaces in search of optimum design(s). The computationally efficient finite element-based approach developed in this work provides a framework of tools that allow rapid analysis of synchronous electric machines operating under steady-state conditions. In the developed modeling approach, major steady-state performance parameters such as, winding flux linkages and voltages, average, cogging and ripple torques, stator core flux densities, core losses, efficiencies and saturated machine winding inductances, are calculated with minimum computational effort. In addition, the method includes means for rapid estimation of distributed stator forces and three-dimensional effects of stator and/or rotor skew on the performance of the machine. The second contribution of this dissertation is the development of the design synthesis and optimization method based on a differential evolution algorithm. The approach relies on the developed finite element-based modeling method for electromagnetic analysis and is able to tackle large-scale multi-objective design problems using modest computational resources. Overall, computational time savings of up to two orders of magnitude are achievable, when compared to current and prevalent state-of-the-art methods. These computational savings allow one to expand the optimization problem to achieve more complex and comprehensive design objectives. The method is used in the design process of several interior permanent magnet industrial motors. The presented case studies demonstrate that the developed finite element-based approach practically eliminates the need for using less accurate analytical and lumped parameter equivalent circuit models for electric machine design optimization. The design process and experimental validation of the case-study machines are detailed in the dissertation.

Smart Cutting Tools and Smart Machining: Development Approaches, and Their Implementation and Application Perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Kai; Niu, Zhi-Chao; Wang, Robin C.; Rakowski, Richard; Bateman, Richard

2017-09-01

Smart machining has tremendous potential and is becoming one of new generation high value precision manufacturing technologies in line with the advance of Industry 4.0 concepts. This paper presents some innovative design concepts and, in particular, the development of four types of smart cutting tools, including a force-based smart cutting tool, a temperature-based internally-cooled cutting tool, a fast tool servo (FTS) and smart collets for ultraprecision and micro manufacturing purposes. Implementation and application perspectives of these smart cutting tools are explored and discussed particularly for smart machining against a number of industrial application requirements. They are contamination-free machining, machining of tool-wear-prone Si-based infra-red devices and medical applications, high speed micro milling and micro drilling, etc. Furthermore, implementation techniques are presented focusing on: (a) plug-and-produce design principle and the associated smart control algorithms, (b) piezoelectric film and surface acoustic wave transducers to measure cutting forces in process, (c) critical cutting temperature control in real-time machining, (d) in-process calibration through machining trials, (e) FE-based design and analysis of smart cutting tools, and (f) application exemplars on adaptive smart machining.

Design of an ultraprecision computerized numerical control chemical mechanical polishing machine and its implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Chupeng; Zhao, Huiying; Zhu, Xueliang; Zhao, Shijie; Jiang, Chunye

2018-01-01

The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a key process during the machining route of plane optics. To improve the polishing efficiency and accuracy, a CMP model and machine tool were developed. Based on the Preston equation and the axial run-out error measurement results of the m circles on the tin plate, a CMP model that could simulate the material removal at any point on the workpiece was presented. An analysis of the model indicated that lower axial run-out error led to lower material removal but better polishing efficiency and accuracy. Based on this conclusion, the CMP machine was designed, and the ultraprecision gas hydrostatic guideway and rotary table as well as the Siemens 840Dsl numerical control system were incorporated in the CMP machine. To verify the design principles of machine, a series of detection and machining experiments were conducted. The LK-G5000 laser sensor was employed for detecting the straightness error of the gas hydrostatic guideway and the axial run-out error of the gas hydrostatic rotary table. A 300-mm-diameter optic was chosen for the surface profile machining experiments performed to determine the CMP efficiency and accuracy.

Developing Parametric Models for the Assembly of Machine Fixtures for Virtual Multiaxial CNC Machining Centers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balaykin, A. V.; Bezsonov, K. A.; Nekhoroshev, M. V.; Shulepov, A. P.

2018-01-01

This paper dwells upon a variance parameterization method. Variance or dimensional parameterization is based on sketching, with various parametric links superimposed on the sketch objects and user-imposed constraints in the form of an equation system that determines the parametric dependencies. This method is fully integrated in a top-down design methodology to enable the creation of multi-variant and flexible fixture assembly models, as all the modeling operations are hierarchically linked in the built tree. In this research the authors consider a parameterization method of machine tooling used for manufacturing parts using multiaxial CNC machining centers in the real manufacturing process. The developed method allows to significantly reduce tooling design time when making changes of a part’s geometric parameters. The method can also reduce time for designing and engineering preproduction, in particular, for development of control programs for CNC equipment and control and measuring machines, automate the release of design and engineering documentation. Variance parameterization helps to optimize construction of parts as well as machine tooling using integrated CAE systems. In the framework of this study, the authors demonstrate a comprehensive approach to parametric modeling of machine tooling in the CAD package used in the real manufacturing process of aircraft engines.

Impact of machining on the flexural fatigue strength of glass and polycrystalline CAD/CAM ceramics.

PubMed

Fraga, Sara; Amaral, Marina; Bottino, Marco Antônio; Valandro, Luiz Felipe; Kleverlaan, Cornelis Johannes; May, Liliana Gressler

2017-11-01

To assess the effect of machining on the flexural fatigue strength and on the surface roughness of different computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics by comparing machined and polished after machining specimens. Disc-shaped specimens of yttria-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP), leucite-, and lithium disilicate-based glass ceramics were prepared by CAD/CAM machining, and divided into two groups: machining (M) and machining followed by polishing (MP). The surface roughness was measured and the flexural fatigue strength was evaluated by the step-test method (n=20). The initial load and the load increment for each ceramic material were based on a monotonic test (n=5). A maximum of 10,000 cycles was applied in each load step, at 1.4Hz. Weibull probability statistics was used for the analysis of the flexural fatigue strength, and Mann-Whitney test (α=5%) to compare roughness between the M and MP conditions. Machining resulted in lower values of characteristic flexural fatigue strength than machining followed by polishing. The greatest reduction in flexural fatigue strength from MP to M was observed for Y-TZP (40%; M=536.48MPa; MP=894.50MPa), followed by lithium disilicate (33%; M=187.71MPa; MP=278.93MPa) and leucite (29%; M=72.61MPa; MP=102.55MPa). Significantly higher values of roughness (Ra) were observed for M compared to MP (leucite: M=1.59μm and MP=0.08μm; lithium disilicate: M=1.84μm and MP=0.13μm; Y-TZP: M=1.79μm and MP=0.18μm). Machining negatively affected the flexural fatigue strength of CAD/CAM ceramics, indicating that machining of partially or fully sintered ceramics is deleterious to fatigue strength. Copyright © 2017 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Human factors model concerning the man-machine interface of mining crewstations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rider, James P.; Unger, Richard L.

1989-01-01

The U.S. Bureau of Mines is developing a computer model to analyze the human factors aspect of mining machine operator compartments. The model will be used as a research tool and as a design aid. It will have the capability to perform the following: simulated anthropometric or reach assessment, visibility analysis, illumination analysis, structural analysis of the protective canopy, operator fatigue analysis, and computation of an ingress-egress rating. The model will make extensive use of graphics to simplify data input and output. Two dimensional orthographic projections of the machine and its operator compartment are digitized and the data rebuilt into a three dimensional representation of the mining machine. Anthropometric data from either an individual or any size population may be used. The model is intended for use by equipment manufacturers and mining companies during initial design work on new machines. In addition to its use in machine design, the model should prove helpful as an accident investigation tool and for determining the effects of machine modifications made in the field on the critical areas of visibility and control reach ability.

Design of a hydraulic bending machine

Treesearch

Steven G. Hankel; Marshall Begel

2004-01-01

To keep pace with customer demands while phasing out old and unserviceable test equipment, the staff of the Engineering Mechanics Laboratory (EML) at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, designed and assembled a hydraulic bending test machine. The EML built this machine to test dimension lumber, nominal 2 in. thick and up to 12 in. deep, at spans up to...

Integrated learning in practical machine element design course: a case study of V-pulley design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tantrabandit, Manop

2014-06-01

To achieve an effective integrated learning in Machine Element Design course, it is of importance to bridge the basic knowledge and skills of element designs. The multiple core learning leads the pathway which consists of two main parts. The first part involves teaching documents of which the contents are number of V-groove formulae, standard of V-grooved pulleys, and parallel key dimension's formulae. The second part relates to the subjects that the students have studied prior to participating in this integrated learning course, namely Material Selection, Manufacturing Process, Applied Engineering Drawing, CAD (Computer Aided Design) animation software. Moreover, an intensive cooperation between a lecturer and students is another key factor to fulfill the success of integrated learning. Last but not least, the students need to share their knowledge within the group and among the other groups aiming to gain knowledge of and skills in 1) the application of CAD-software to build up manufacture part drawings, 2) assembly drawing, 3) simulation to verify the strength of loaded pulley by method of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), 4) the software to create animation of mounting and dismounting of a pulley to a shaft, and 5) an instruction manual. The end product of this integrated learning, as a result of the above 1 to 5 knowledge and skills obtained, the participating students can create an assembly derived from manufacture part drawings and a video presentation with bilingual (English-Thai) audio description of Vpulley with datum diameter of 250 mm, 4 grooves, and type of groove: SPA.

Creating an Electronic Reference and Information Database for Computer-aided ECM Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nekhoroshev, M. V.; Pronichev, N. D.; Smirnov, G. V.

2018-01-01

The paper presents a review on electrochemical shaping. An algorithm has been developed to implement a computer shaping model applicable to pulse electrochemical machining. For that purpose, the characteristics of pulse current occurring in electrochemical machining of aviation materials have been studied. Based on integrating the experimental results and comprehensive electrochemical machining process data modeling, a subsystem for computer-aided design of electrochemical machining for gas turbine engine blades has been developed; the subsystem was implemented in the Teamcenter PLM system.

The effect of social demographic factors, snack consumption and vending machine use on oral health of children living in London.

PubMed

Maliderou, M; Reeves, S; Noble, C

2006-10-07

To investigate the effect of socio-economic status, sugar, snack consumption and vending machine use on the prevalence and severity of caries (DMF) in children. An observational study was carried out in a dental practice in inner city London. Sixty children were asked to complete a questionnaire and a three day food and drink diary. After a dental examination the number of decayed (D), missing (M) or filled (F) teeth provided a DMF score. Anova and Pearsons correlations were used to analyse the data statistically. Children from social groups I and II consumed significantly less (P < 0.05) sugar, confectionery, crisps and used a vending machine less often than children from other social groups. Children from Social groups I, II and III had significantly lower DMF scores. The average DMF from social group I children was 0.5 +/- 0.6, whilst group IV children had the greatest incidence and a DMF of 4.6 +/- 0.8. Significant correlations were identified between DMF and sugar, confectionery and crisp consumption and vending machine use, and a negative correlation between DMF and vegetable consumption. Socio-economic status and access to vending machines were found to have a significant effect on sugar intakes, foods choices, and dental health. The removal of vending machines from schools or at least installing 'healthy' vending machines is recommended. Health promotion programmes that account for social groups and snacking habits that are cost effective are required.

A 3D Human-Machine Integrated Design and Analysis Framework for Squat Exercises with a Smith Machine.

PubMed

Lee, Haerin; Jung, Moonki; Lee, Ki-Kwang; Lee, Sang Hun

2017-02-06

In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional design and evaluation framework and process based on a probabilistic-based motion synthesis algorithm and biomechanical analysis system for the design of the Smith machine and squat training programs. Moreover, we implemented a prototype system to validate the proposed framework. The framework consists of an integrated human-machine-environment model as well as a squat motion synthesis system and biomechanical analysis system. In the design and evaluation process, we created an integrated model in which interactions between a human body and machine or the ground are modeled as joints with constraints at contact points. Next, we generated Smith squat motion using the motion synthesis program based on a Gaussian process regression algorithm with a set of given values for independent variables. Then, using the biomechanical analysis system, we simulated joint moments and muscle activities from the input of the integrated model and squat motion. We validated the model and algorithm through physical experiments measuring the electromyography (EMG) signals, ground forces, and squat motions as well as through a biomechanical simulation of muscle forces. The proposed approach enables the incorporation of biomechanics in the design process and reduces the need for physical experiments and prototypes in the development of training programs and new Smith machines.

Design and market considerations for axial flux superconducting electric machine design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ainslie, M. D.; George, A.; Shaw, R.; Dawson, L.; Winfield, A.; Steketee, M.; Stockley, S.

2014-05-01

In this paper, the authors investigate a number of design and market considerations for an axial flux superconducting electric machine design that uses high temperature superconductors. The axial flux machine design is assumed to utilise high temperature superconductors in both wire (stator winding) and bulk (rotor field) forms, to operate over a temperature range of 65-77 K, and to have a power output in the range from 10s of kW up to 1 MW (typical for axial flux machines), with approximately 2-3 T as the peak trapped field in the bulk superconductors. The authors firstly investigate the applicability of this type of machine as a generator in small- and medium-sized wind turbines, including the current and forecasted market and pricing for conventional turbines. Next, a study is also carried out on the machine's applicability as an in-wheel hub motor for electric vehicles. Some recommendations for future applications are made based on the outcome of these two studies. Finally, the cost of YBCO-based superconducting (2G HTS) wire is analysed with respect to competing wire technologies and compared with current conventional material costs and current wire costs for both 1G and 2G HTS are still too great to be economically feasible for such superconducting devices.

Optimal design method to minimize users' thinking mapping load in human-machine interactions.

PubMed

Huang, Yanqun; Li, Xu; Zhang, Jie

2015-01-01

The discrepancy between human cognition and machine requirements/behaviors usually results in serious mental thinking mapping loads or even disasters in product operating. It is important to help people avoid human-machine interaction confusions and difficulties in today's mental work mastered society. Improving the usability of a product and minimizing user's thinking mapping and interpreting load in human-machine interactions. An optimal human-machine interface design method is introduced, which is based on the purpose of minimizing the mental load in thinking mapping process between users' intentions and affordance of product interface states. By analyzing the users' thinking mapping problem, an operating action model is constructed. According to human natural instincts and acquired knowledge, an expected ideal design with minimized thinking loads is uniquely determined at first. Then, creative alternatives, in terms of the way human obtains operational information, are provided as digital interface states datasets. In the last, using the cluster analysis method, an optimum solution is picked out from alternatives, by calculating the distances between two datasets. Considering multiple factors to minimize users' thinking mapping loads, a solution nearest to the ideal value is found in the human-car interaction design case. The clustering results show its effectiveness in finding an optimum solution to the mental load minimizing problems in human-machine interaction design.

Condom vending machines in Canada's secondary schools.

PubMed

Kerr, D L

1990-03-01

A case study of 1 of the 3 school boards approving in 1989 installation of condom machines is presented: The Lisgar Collegiate Institute, Ottawa, Canada. The school is characterized as having 1000 college preparatory students from middle and upper middle class homes and university educated parents. The project was student initiated and involved 1) meeting with communication consultants to determine feasibility, 2) conducting an informal peer consultation to seek out interest and support, 3) meeting with public health officials to gain support and ideas, and 4) conducting research. Condom machine installation (2) was only 1 component; a pilot sexuality education program was included as well. The student proposal was presented and rejected by the principal and the Superintendent of Student Services. Students then lobbied the school board trustees. 2 students lobbies each school board member. Letters of support were obtained from parents' advisory groups, parents, the student council, and other influential people. The media provided coverage in a popular morning television show. The student proposal was submitted to the Board of Education's Education Committee in June 1989; students were assisted by teachers and the Parents Advisory Committee. The school board approved. In the fall of 1989, sexuality awareness week was designated as October 30-November 3. Parents were asked for comments on the designated program, but only 50 contributed in a supportive way. During this week lunch-hour displays and videos, peer-facilitated discussion groups, informal talks by experts, and student theater presentations were sponsored activities. Following this event, the school board arranged for the installment of machines in the men's and women's washrooms near where social events were held and in toilet cubicles in order to provide privacy, as requested by students. The individual cost is US$1/condom. Evaluation is planned. Students have been amused by the amount of public response to this action. Other participating schools include Qualicum School District in Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and Toronto's 36 secondary schools.

Responsive materials: A novel design for enhanced machine-augmented composites

PubMed Central

Bafekrpour, Ehsan; Molotnikov, Andrey; Weaver, James C.; Brechet, Yves; Estrin, Yuri

2014-01-01

The concept of novel responsive materials with a displacement conversion capability was further developed through the design of new machine-augmented composites (MACs). Embedded converter machines and MACs with improved geometry were designed and fabricated by multi-material 3D printing. This technique proved to be very effective in fabricating these novel composites with tuneable elastic moduli of the matrix and the embedded machines and excellent bonding between them. Substantial improvement in the displacement conversion efficiency of the new MACs over the existing ones was demonstrated. Also, the new design trebled the energy absorption of the MACs. Applications in energy absorbers as well as mechanical sensors and actuators are thus envisaged. A further type of MACs with conversion ability, viz. conversion of compressive displacements to torsional ones, was also proposed. PMID:24445490

Investigation of Machine-ability of Inconel 800 in EDM with Coated Electrode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karunakaran, K.; Chandrasekaran, M.

2017-03-01

The Inconel 800 is a high temperature application alloy which is classified as a nickel based super alloy. It has wide scope in aerospace engineering, gas Turbine etc. The machine-ability studies were found limited on this material. Hence This research focuses on machine-ability studies on EDM of Inconel 800 with Silver Coated Electrolyte Copper Electrode. The purpose of coating on electrode is to reduce tool wear. The factors pulse on Time, Pulse off Time and Peck Current were considered to observe the responses of surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear rate. Taguchi Full Factorial Design is employed for Design the experiment. Some specific findings were reported and the percentage of contribution of each parameter was furnished

Man/Machine Interaction Dynamics And Performance (MMIDAP) capability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frisch, Harold P.

1991-01-01

The creation of an ability to study interaction dynamics between a machine and its human operator can be approached from a myriad of directions. The Man/Machine Interaction Dynamics and Performance (MMIDAP) project seeks to create an ability to study the consequences of machine design alternatives relative to the performance of both machine and operator. The class of machines to which this study is directed includes those that require the intelligent physical exertions of a human operator. While Goddard's Flight Telerobotic's program was expected to be a major user, basic engineering design and biomedical applications reach far beyond telerobotics. Ongoing efforts are outlined of the GSFC and its University and small business collaborators to integrate both human performance and musculoskeletal data bases with analysis capabilities necessary to enable the study of dynamic actions, reactions, and performance of coupled machine/operator systems.

New Single Piece Blast Hardware design

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ulrich, Andri; Steinzig, Michael Louis; Aragon, Daniel Adrian

W, Q and PF engineers and machinists designed and fabricated, on the new Mazak i300, the first Single Piece Blast Hardware (unclassified design shown) reducing fabrication and inspection time by over 50%. The first DU Single Piece is completed and will be used for Hydro Test 3680. Past hydro tests used a twopiece assembly due to a lack of equipment capable of machining the complex saddle shape in a single piece. The i300 provides turning and milling 5-axis machining on one machine. The milling head on the i300 can machine past 90 relative to the spindle axis. This makes itmore » possible to machine the complex saddle surface on a single piece. Going to a single piece eliminates tolerance problems, such as tilting and eccentricity, that typically occurred when assembling the two pieces together« less

Stirling cryocooler test results and design model verification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shimko, Martin A.; Stacy, W. D.; McCormick, John A.

A long-life Stirling cycle cryocooler being developed for spaceborne applications is described. The results from tests on a preliminary breadboard version of the cryocooler used to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology and to validate the generator design code used in its development are presented. This machine achieved a cold-end temperature of 65 K while carrying a 1/2-W cooling load. The basic machine is a double-acting, flexure-bearing, split Stirling design with linear electromagnetic drives for the expander and compressors. Flat metal diaphragms replace pistons for sweeping and sealing the machine working volumes. The double-acting expander couples to a laminar-channel counterflow recuperative heat exchanger for regeneration. The PC-compatible design code developed for this design approach calculates regenerator loss, including heat transfer irreversibilities, pressure drop, and axial conduction in the regenerator walls. The code accurately predicted cooler performance and assisted in diagnosing breadboard machine flaws during shakedown and development testing.

76 FR 5832 - International Business Machines (IBM), Software Group Business Unit, Optim Data Studio Tools QA...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-02

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-74,554] International Business Machines (IBM), Software Group Business Unit, Optim Data Studio Tools QA, San Jose, CA; Notice of... determination of the TAA petition filed on behalf of workers at International Business Machines (IBM), Software...

21 CFR 870.4220 - Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console... Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console. (a) Identification. A cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine... heart-lung machine. The console is designed to interface with the basic units used in a gas exchange...

21 CFR 870.4220 - Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console... Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console. (a) Identification. A cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine... heart-lung machine. The console is designed to interface with the basic units used in a gas exchange...

21 CFR 870.4220 - Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console... Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console. (a) Identification. A cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine... heart-lung machine. The console is designed to interface with the basic units used in a gas exchange...

21 CFR 870.4220 - Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console... Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console. (a) Identification. A cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine... heart-lung machine. The console is designed to interface with the basic units used in a gas exchange...

21 CFR 870.4220 - Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console... Cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine console. (a) Identification. A cardiopulmonary bypass heart-lung machine... heart-lung machine. The console is designed to interface with the basic units used in a gas exchange...

Simulation model of a single-stage lithium bromide-water absorption cooling unit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miao, D.

1978-01-01

A computer model of a LiBr-H2O single-stage absorption machine was developed. The model, utilizing a given set of design data such as water-flow rates and inlet or outlet temperatures of these flow rates but without knowing the interior characteristics of the machine (heat transfer rates and surface areas), can be used to predict or simulate off-design performance. Results from 130 off-design cases for a given commercial machine agree with the published data within 2 percent.

Research on the EDM Technology for Micro-holes at Complex Spatial Locations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Y Liu, J.; Guo, J. M.; Sun, D. J.; Cai, Y. H.; Ding, L. T.; Jiang, H.

2017-12-01

For the demands on machining micro-holes at complex spatial location, several key technical problems are conquered such as micro-Electron Discharge Machining (micro-EDM) power supply system’s development, the host structure’s design and machining process technical. Through developing low-voltage power supply circuit, high-voltage circuit, micro and precision machining circuit and clearance detection system, the narrow pulse and high frequency six-axis EDM machining power supply system is developed to meet the demands on micro-hole discharging machining. With the method of combining the CAD structure design, CAE simulation analysis, modal test, ODS (Operational Deflection Shapes) test and theoretical analysis, the host construction and key axes of the machine tool are optimized to meet the position demands of the micro-holes. Through developing the special deionized water filtration system to make sure that the machining process is stable enough. To verify the machining equipment and processing technical developed in this paper through developing the micro-hole’s processing flow and test on the real machine tool. As shown in the final test results: the efficient micro-EDM machining pulse power supply system, machine tool host system, deionized filtration system and processing method developed in this paper meet the demands on machining micro-holes at complex spatial locations.

Acquiring Software Design Schemas: A Machine Learning Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harandi, Mehdi T.; Lee, Hing-Yan

1991-01-01

In this paper, we describe an approach based on machine learning that acquires software design schemas from design cases of existing applications. An overview of the technique, design representation, and acquisition system are presented. the paper also addresses issues associated with generalizing common features such as biases. The generalization process is illustrated using an example.

Design of a Versatile, Teleoperable, Towable Lifting Machine with Robotic Capabilities for Use in Nasa's Lunar Base Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harris, Elizabeth; Ogle, James; Schoppe, Dean

1989-01-01

The lifting machine will assist in lifting cargo off of landers sent to the Moon and in the construction of a lunar base. Three possible designs were considered for the overall configuration of the lifting machine: the variable angle crane, the tower crane, and the gantry crane. Alternate designs were developed for the major components of the lifting machine. A teleoperable, variable angle crane was chosen as its final design. The design consists of a telescoping boom mounted to a chassis that is supported by two conical wheels for towing and four outriggers for stability. Attached to the end of the boom is a seven degree of freedom robot arm for light, dexterous, lifting operations. A cable and hook suspends from the end of the boom for heavy, gross, lifting operations. Approximate structural sizes were determined for the lifter and its components. However, further analysis is needed to determine the optimum design dimensions. The design team also constructed a model of the design which demonstrates its features and operating principals.

A 34-meter VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine) point design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashwill, T. D.; Berg, D. E.; Dodd, H. M.; Rumsey, M. A.; Sutherland, H. J.; Veers, P. S.

The Wind Energy Division at Sandia National Laboratories recently completed a point design based on the 34-m Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) Test Bed. The 34-m Test Bed research machine incorporates several innovations that improve Darrieus technology, including increased energy production, over previous machines. The point design differs minimally from the Test Bed; but by removing research-related items, its estimated cost is substantially reduced. The point design is a first step towards a Test-Bed-based commercial machine that would be competitive with conventional sources of power in the mid-1990s.

A voyage to Mars: A challenge to collaboration between man and machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Statler, Irving C.

1991-01-01

A speech addressing the design of man machine systems for exploration of space beyond Earth orbit from the human factors perspective is presented. Concerns relative to the design of automated and intelligent systems for the NASA Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) missions are largely based on experiences with integrating humans and comparable systems in aviation. The history, present status, and future prospect, of human factors in machine design are discussed in relation to a manned voyage to Mars. Three different cases for design philosophy are presented. The use of simulation is discussed. Recommendations for required research are given.

Apprentice Machine Theory Outline.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connecticut State Dept. of Education, Hartford. Div. of Vocational-Technical Schools.

This volume contains outlines for 16 courses in machine theory that are designed for machine tool apprentices. Addressed in the individual course outlines are the following topics: basic concepts; lathes; milling machines; drills, saws, and shapers; heat treatment and metallurgy; grinders; quality control; hydraulics and pneumatics;…

Design and Performance Improvement of AC Machines Sharing a Common Stator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Lusu

With the increasing demand on electric motors in various industrial applications, especially electric powered vehicles (electric cars, more electric aircrafts and future electric ships and submarines), both synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) and interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines are recognized as good candidates for high performance variable speed applications. Developing a single stator design which can be used for both SynRM and IPM motors is a good way to reduce manufacturing and maintenance cost. SynRM can be used as a low cost solution for many electric driving applications and IPM machines can be used in power density crucial circumstances or work as generators to meet the increasing demand for electrical power on board. In this research, SynRM and IPM machines are designed sharing a common stator structure. The prototype motors are designed with the aid of finite element analysis (FEA). Machine performances with different stator slot and rotor pole numbers are compared by FEA. An 18-slot, 4-pole structure is selected based on the comparison for this prototype design. Sometimes, torque pulsation is the major drawback of permanent magnet synchronous machines. There are several sources of torque pulsations, such as back-EMF distortion, inductance variation and cogging torque due to presence of permanent magnets. To reduce torque pulsations in permanent magnet machines, all the efforts can be classified into two categories: one is from the design stage, the structure of permanent magnet machines can be optimized with the aid of finite element analysis. The other category of reducing torque pulsation is after the permanent magnet machine has been manufactured or the machine structure cannot be changed because of other reasons. The currents fed into the permanent magnet machine can be controlled to follow a certain profile which will make the machine generate a smoother torque waveform. Torque pulsation reduction methods in both categories will be discussed in this dissertation. In the design stage, an optimization method based on orthogonal experimental design will be introduced. Besides, a universal current profiling technique is proposed to minimize the torque pulsation along with the stator copper losses in modular interior permanent magnet motors. Instead of sinusoidal current waveforms, this algorithm will calculate the proper currents which can minimize the torque pulsation. Finite element analysis and Matlab programing will be used to develop this optimal current profiling algorithm. Permanent magnet machines are becoming more attractive in some modern traction applications, such as traction motors and generators for an electrified vehicle. The operating speed or the load condition in these applications may be changing all the time. Compared to electric machines used to operate at a constant speed and constant load, better control performance is required. In this dissertation, a novel model reference adaptive control (MRAC) used on five-phase interior permanent magnet motor drives is presented. The primary controller is designed based on artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of the system without knowledge of accurate motor model or parameters. The proposed motor drive decouples the torque and flux components of five-phase IPM motors by applying a multiple reference frame transformation. Therefore, the motor can be easily driven below the rated speed with the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation or above the rated speed with the flux weakening operation. The ANN based primary controller consists of a radial basis function (RBF) network which is trained on-line to adapt system uncertainties. The complete IPM motor drive is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment and implemented experimentally utilizing dSPACE DS1104 DSP board on a five-phase prototype IPM motor. The proposed model reference adaptive control method has been applied on the commons stator SynRM and IPM machine as well.

Ex Vivo Machine Perfusion in VCA with a Novel Oxygen Carrier System to Enhance Graft Preservation and Immunologic Outcomes

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

studies 2. Ex Vivo Study Group (n=4) Machine Perfusion 4 VRAM grafts preserved for 14 hours with MP at 21°C Study group – developments for machine...period. The VRAM grafts were inspected daily and punch biopsies were performed on days 2, 4 and 7. The end- study necropsy was conducted on post ...TNF- α in the MP group, showing the beneficial impact of effective ex -vivo oxygenation in this group (Figure 6). Previous clinical studies in

The influence of maintenance quality of hemodialysis machines on hemodialysis efficiency.

PubMed

Azar, Ahmad Taher

2009-01-01

Several studies suggest that there is a correlation between dose of dialysis and machine maintenance. However, in spite of the current practice, there are conflicting reports regarding the relationship between dose of dialysis or patient outcome, and machine maintenance. In order to evaluate the impact of hemodialysis machine maintenance on dialysis adequacy Kt/V and session performance, data were processed on 134 patients on 3-times-per-week dialysis regimens by dividing the patients into four groups and also dividing the hemodialysis machines into four groups according to their year of installation. The equilibrated dialysis dose eq Kt/V, urea reduction ratio (URR) and the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) were calculated in each group to show the effect hemodialysis machine efficiency on the overall session performance. The average working time per machine per month was 270 hours. The cumulative number of hours according to the year of installation was: 26,122 hours for machines installed in 1998; 21,596 hours for machines installed in 1999, 8362 hours for those installed in 2003 and 2486 hours for those installed in 2005. The mean time between failures (MTBF) was 1.8, 2.1, 4.2 and 6 months between failures for machines installed in 1999, 1998, 2003 and 2005, respectively. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the dialysis dose eq Kt/V and URR were increased as the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) increases with regular maintenance procedures. Maintenance has become one of the most expedient approaches to guarantee high machine dependability. The efficiency of dialysis machine is relevant in assuring a proper dialysis adequacy.

Trends of Occupational Fatalities Involving Machines, United States, 1992–2010

PubMed Central

Marsh, Suzanne M.; Fosbroke, David E.

2016-01-01

Background This paper describes trends of occupational machine-related fatalities from 1992–2010. We examine temporal patterns by worker demographics, machine types (e.g., stationary, mobile), and industries. Methods We analyzed fatalities from Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries data provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. We used injury source to identify machine-related incidents and Poisson regression to assess trends over the 19-year period. Results There was an average annual decrease of 2.8% in overall machine-related fatality rates from 1992 through 2010. Mobile machine-related fatality rates decreased an average of 2.6% annually and stationary machine-related rates decreased an average of 3.5% annually. Groups that continued to be at high risk included older workers; self-employed; and workers in agriculture/forestry/fishing, construction, and mining. Conclusion Addressing dangers posed by tractors, excavators, and other mobile machines needs to continue. High-risk worker groups should receive targeted information on machine safety. PMID:26358658

Relative Kerf and Sawing Variation Values for Some Hardwood Sawing Machines

Treesearch

Philip H. Steele; Michael W. Wade; Steven H. Bullard; Philip A. Araman

1992-01-01

Information on the conversion efficiency of sawing machines is important to those involved in the management, maintenance, and design of sawmills. Little information on the conversion characteristics of hardwood sawing machines has been available. This study, based on 266 studies of 6 machine types, provides an analysis of the machine characteristics of kerf width,...

Third generation of correlators for six antennas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torres, Marc

2000-07-01

The technical evolution of the correlators of the Plateau de Bure interferometer since the first fringes, 14 years ago, is shortly presented. The progressive addition of antennas over this period has allowed the Grenoble correlator group to undertake several 'start-from-scratch' designs, which have replaced on-site equipment as it came obsolete. The tradeoff between design cycle time and lifetime of such equipment is discussed. The latest design is described in detail. The new correlator can be set to analyze up to eight simultaneous windows, adjustable in size and center frequency, thanks to a 2 X 220 MHz image rejection mixer. Advantages of analog IF processing are presented. The frequency plan of the IF processor has been designed to be fully compatible with MarkIV VLBI recording. The correlator is then used to sum up the signals of the 6 antennas over 256 MHz. The digital section mainly uses an IRAM-designed low-power, low-cost ASIC. Delay lines use FPGA's and phase rotators use DDS's. Surface-mount technology is used everywhere. A commercial CPU module runs the real-time software under Linux. A 21-slot VME chassis hosts the hardware. Test results and measurements of performance on the full-size machine are presented. The difficulties encountered in achieving this kind of machine within schedule in today's industrial environment are retrospectively analyzed.

Nature versus design: synthetic biology or how to build a biological non-machine.

PubMed

Porcar, M; Peretó, J

2016-04-18

The engineering ideal of synthetic biology presupposes that organisms are composed of standard, interchangeable parts with a predictive behaviour. In one word, organisms are literally recognized as machines. Yet living objects are the result of evolutionary processes without any purposiveness, not of a design by external agents. Biological components show massive overlapping and functional degeneracy, standard-free complexity, intrinsic variation and context dependent performances. However, although organisms are not full-fledged machines, synthetic biologists may still be eager for machine-like behaviours from artificially modified biosystems.

Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group Minutes of the Meeting, (15th), Held at San Diego, California, on 5-7 November 1985

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

the group to be alert to changes in goals, noting that if the model is not sensitive to goal changes , it will lack validity. Mr. Hartzell announced...This increased emphasis on the soldier-machine interface has not been a sudden change . Instead it has been a gradual one coincident with and...point alone in affecting both design changes and operational doctrine for the system. Analysis of these data should first compare achieved

Three-point compound sine plate offers cost and weight savings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barras, A. P.

1972-01-01

Work piece adjustment fixture reduces size, weight and set-up complexity of alignment platforms used in metal blank machining. Design benefits designers and manufacturers of machine tools and measuring equipment.

Automated Solar Module Assembly Line

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bycer, M.

1979-01-01

The gathering of information that led to the design approach of the machine, and a summary of the findings in the areas of study along with a description of each station of the machine are discussed. The machine is a cell stringing and string applique machine which is flexible in design, capable of handling a variety of cells and assembling strings of cells which can then be placed in a matrix up to 4 ft x 2 ft. in series or parallel arrangement. The target machine cycle is to be 5 seconds per cell. This machine is primarily adapted to 100 MM round cells with one or two tabs between cells. It places finished strings of up to twelve cells in a matrix of up to six such strings arranged in series or in parallel.

Effect of mid-line or low-line milking systems on milking characteristics in goats.

PubMed

Manzur, Alberto; Díaz, José-Ramón; Mehdid, Amine; Fernández, Nemesio; Peris, Cristòfol

2012-08-01

Two experiments were carried out to compare mechanical milking in mid-level (ML) and low-level (LL) milkline in goats. The first trial used 40 intramammary infection (IMI)-free goats that had been milked in ML during a pre-experimental period of 4±1 weeks post partum. These animals were divided into two groups (n=20), randomly assigning each group to ML or LL milking for a 17-week experimental period. During this period, several strategies were applied to increase teat exposure to pathogens in both experimental groups. The IMI rate was the same in both experimental groups (30% of goats), although the majority of new infections appeared earlier in ML (weeks 1-5) than in LL (weeks 7-16). Teat-end vacuum range (maximum minus minimum vacuum) was higher in ML than in LL, but no significant differences were found in the remaining variables [milk production and composition, somatic cell count (SCC), frequency of liner slips+teatcups fall off]. In the second experiment, in a crossover design (54 goats in fourth month of lactation; 2 treatments, ML and LL, in 2 experimental periods each lasting 1 week) it was observed that both the milk fractioning (reduced machine milk and increased machine stripping) and average machine milk flow worsened slightly in ML milking; in contrast, no differences were observed in total milking time or teat thickness changes after milking. It was concluded that the differences found between ML and LL are not sufficiently important to discourage breeders from using ML in goat milking.

Designing a mathematical model for integrating dynamic cellular manufacturing into supply chain system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aalaei, Amin; Davoudpour, Hamid

2012-11-01

This article presents designing a new mathematical model for integrating dynamic cellular manufacturing into supply chain system with an extensive coverage of important manufacturing features consideration of multiple plants location, multi-markets allocation, multi-period planning horizons with demand and part mix variation, machine capacity, and the main constraints are demand of markets satisfaction in each period, machine availability, machine time-capacity, worker assignment, available time of worker, production volume for each plant and the amounts allocated to each market. The aim of the proposed model is to minimize holding and outsourcing costs, inter-cell material handling cost, external transportation cost, procurement & maintenance and overhead cost of machines, setup cost, reconfiguration cost of machines installation and removal, hiring, firing and salary worker costs. Aimed to prove the potential benefits of such a design, presented an example is shown using a proposed model.

29 CFR 1910.211 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... inches diameter and larger, specially designed for use on cutting-off machines where mounting nut or... enclosure designed to restrain the pieces of the grinding wheel and furnish all possible protection in the... designed and fully guarded machines and are subject to the following maximum thickness and hole size...

Methodology for cloud-based design of robots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ogorodnikova, O. M.; Vaganov, K. A.; Putimtsev, I. D.

2017-09-01

This paper presents some important results for cloud-based designing a robot arm by a group of students. Methodology for the cloud-based design was developed and used to initiate interdisciplinary project about research and development of a specific manipulator. The whole project data files were hosted by Ural Federal University data center. The 3D (three-dimensional) model of the robot arm was created using Siemens PLM software (Product Lifecycle Management) and structured as a complex mechatronics product by means of Siemens Teamcenter thin client; all processes were performed in the clouds. The robot arm was designed in purpose to load blanks up to 1 kg into the work space of the milling machine for performing student's researches.

The dynamic analysis of drum roll lathe for machining of rollers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiao, Zheng; Wu, Dongxu; Wang, Bo; Li, Guo; Wang, Huiming; Ding, Fei

2014-08-01

An ultra-precision machine tool for machining of the roller has been designed and assembled, and due to the obvious impact which dynamic characteristic of machine tool has on the quality of microstructures on the roller surface, the dynamic characteristic of the existing machine tool is analyzed in this paper, so is the influence of circumstance that a large scale and slender roller is fixed in the machine on dynamic characteristic of the machine tool. At first, finite element model of the machine tool is built and simplified, and based on that, the paper carries on with the finite element mode analysis and gets the natural frequency and shaking type of four steps of the machine tool. According to the above model analysis results, the weak stiffness systems of machine tool can be further improved and the reasonable bandwidth of control system of the machine tool can be designed. In the end, considering the shock which is caused by Z axis as a result of fast positioning frequently to feeding system and cutting tool, transient analysis is conducted by means of ANSYS analysis in this paper. Based on the results of transient analysis, the vibration regularity of key components of machine tool and its impact on cutting process are explored respectively.

Investigation of a less rare-earth permanent-magnet machine with the consequent pole rotor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, Jingang; Liu, Jiaqi; Wang, Mingqiao; Zheng, Ping; Liu, Yong; Gao, Haibo; Xiao, Lijun

2018-05-01

Due to the rising price of rare-earth materials, permanent-magnet (PM) machines in different applications have a trend of reducing the use of rare-earth materials. Since iron-core poles replace half of PM poles in the consequent pole (CP) rotor, the PM machine with CP rotor can be a promising candidate for less rare-earth PM machine. Additionally, the investigation of CP rotor in special electrical machines, like hybrid excitation permanent-magnet PM machine, bearingless motor, etc., has verified the application feasibility of CP rotor. Therefore, this paper focuses on design and performance of PM machines when traditional PM machine uses the CP rotor. In the CP rotor, all the PMs are of the same polarity and they are inserted into the rotor core. Since the fundamental PM flux density depends on the ratio of PM pole to iron-core pole, the combination rule between them is investigated by analytical and finite-element methods. On this basis, to comprehensively analyze and evaluate PM machine with CP rotor, four typical schemes, i.e., integer-slot machines with CP rotor and surface-mounted PM (SPM) rotor, fractional-slot machines with CP rotor and SPM rotor, are designed to investigate the performance of PM machine with CP rotor, including electromagnetic performance, anti-demagnetization capacity and cost.

Design and optimize of 3-axis filament winding machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quanjin, Ma; Rejab, M. R. M.; Idris, M. S.; Bachtiar, B.; Siregar, J. P.; Harith, M. N.

2017-10-01

Filament winding technique is developed as the primary process for composite cylindrical structures fabrication at low cost. Fibres are wound on a rotating mandrel by a filament winding machine where resin impregnated fibres pass through a pay-out eye. This paper aims to develop and optimize a 3-axis, lightweight, practical, efficient, portable filament winding machine to satisfy the customer demand, which can fabricate pipes and round shape cylinders with resins. There are 3 main units on the 3-axis filament winding machine, which are the rotary unit, the delivery unit and control system unit. Comparison with previous existing filament winding machines in the factory, it has 3 degrees of freedom and can fabricate more complex shape specimens based on the mandrel shape and particular control system. The machine has been designed and fabricated on 3 axes movements with control system. The x-axis is for movement of the carriage, the y-axis is the rotation of mandrel and the z-axis is the movement of the pay-out eye. Cylindrical specimens with different dimensions and winding angles were produced. 3-axis automated filament winding machine has been successfully designed with simple control system.

Induced sadness increases persistence in a simulated slot machine task among recreational gamblers.

PubMed

Devos, Gaëtan; Clark, Luke; Maurage, Pierre; Billieux, Joël

2018-05-01

Gambling may constitute a strategy for coping with depressive mood, but a direct influence of depressive mood on gambling behaviors has never been tested via realistic experimental designs in gamblers. The current study tested whether experimentally induced sadness increases persistence on a simulated slot machine task using real monetary reinforcement in recreational gamblers. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (sadness induction) or control (no emotional induction) condition, and then performed a slot machine task consisting of a mandatory phase followed by a persistence phase. Potential confounding variables (problem gambling symptoms, impulsivity traits, gambling cognitions) were measured to ensure that the experimental and control groups were comparable. The study showed that participants in the sadness condition displayed greater gambling persistence than control participants (p = .011). These data support the causal role of negative affect in decisions to gamble and persistence, which bears important theoretical and clinical implications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Developing Local Board of Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Food Access — King County, Washington, 2010–2012

PubMed Central

Johnson, Donna B.; Krieger, James; MacDougall, Erin; Payne, Elizabeth; Chan, Nadine L.

2015-01-01

Policies that change environments are important tools for preventing chronic diseases, including obesity. Boards of health often have authority to adopt such policies, but few do so. This study assesses 1) how one local board of health developed a policy approach for healthy food access through vending machine guidelines (rather than regulations) and 2) the impact of the approach. Using a case study design guided by “three streams” policy theory and RE-AIM, we analyzed data from a focus group, interviews, and policy documents. The guidelines effectively supported institutional policy development in several settings. Recognition of the problem of chronic disease and the policy solution of vending machine guidelines created an opening for the board to influence nutrition environments. Institutions identified a need for support in adopting vending machine policies. Communities could benefit from the study board’s approach to using nonregulatory evidence-based guidelines as a policy tool. PMID:25927606

Research as a guide for teaching introductory mechanics: An illustration in the context of the Atwood's machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McDermott, Lillian C.; Shaffer, Peter S.; Somers, Mark D.

1994-01-01

A problem on the Atwood's machine is often introduced early in the teaching of dynamics to demonstrate the application of Newton's laws to the motion of a compound system. In a series of preliminary studies, student understanding of the Atwood's machine was examined after this topic had been covered in a typical calculus-based course. Analysis of the data revealed that many students had serious difficulties with the acceleration, the internal and external forces, and the role of the string. The present study was undertaken to obtain more detailed information about the nature and prevalence of these difficulties and thus provide a sound basis for the design of more effective instruction. The context for the investigation is a group of related problems involving less complicated compound systems. Specific examples illustrate how this research, which was conducted primarily in a classroom setting, has served as a guide in the development of tutorial materials to supplement the lectures and textbook in a standard introductory course.

Assessing the role of syringe dispensing machines and mobile van outlets in reaching hard-to-reach and high-risk groups of injecting drug users (IDUs): a review

PubMed Central

Islam, Md Mofizul; Conigrave, Katherine M

2007-01-01

Reaching hard-to-reach and high-risk injecting drug users (IDUs) is one of the most important challenges for contemporary needle syringe programs (NSPs). The aim of this review is to examine, based upon the available international experience, the effectiveness of syringe vending machines and mobile van/bus based NSPs in making services more accessible to these hard-to-reach and high-risk groups of IDUs. A literature search revealed 40 papers/reports, of which 18 were on dispensing machines (including vending and exchange machines) and 22 on mobile vans. The findings demonstrate that syringe dispensing machines and mobile vans are promising modalities of NSPs, which can make services more accessible to the target group and in particular to the harder-to-reach and higher-risk groups of IDUs. Their anonymous and confidential approaches make services attractive, accessible and acceptable to these groups. These two outlets were found to be complementary to each other and to other modes of NSPs. Services through dispensing machines and mobile vans in strategically important sites are crucial elements in continuing efforts in reducing the spread of HIV and other blood borne viruses among IDUs. PMID:17958894

30 CFR 18.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... use on or with approved machines, permission to modify the design of an approved machine or certified component, acceptance of flame-resistant hoses, sanction for use of experimental machines and accessories in...

30 CFR 18.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... use on or with approved machines, permission to modify the design of an approved machine or certified component, acceptance of flame-resistant hoses, sanction for use of experimental machines and accessories in...

30 CFR 18.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... use on or with approved machines, permission to modify the design of an approved machine or certified component, acceptance of flame-resistant hoses, sanction for use of experimental machines and accessories in...

30 CFR 18.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... use on or with approved machines, permission to modify the design of an approved machine or certified component, acceptance of flame-resistant hoses, sanction for use of experimental machines and accessories in...

30 CFR 18.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... use on or with approved machines, permission to modify the design of an approved machine or certified component, acceptance of flame-resistant hoses, sanction for use of experimental machines and accessories in...

Submicron Systems Architecture Project

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

This project is concerned with the architecture , design , and testing of VLSI Systems. The principal activities in this report period include: The Tree Machine; COPE, The Homogeneous Machine; Computational Arrays; Switch-Level Model for MOS Logic Design; Testing; Local Network and Designer Workstations; Self-timed Systems; Characterization of Deadlock Free Resource Contention; Concurrency Algebra; Language Design and Logic for Program Verification.

A Web-Based Visualization and Animation Platform for Digital Logic Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shoufan, Abdulhadi; Lu, Zheng; Huss, Sorin A.

2015-01-01

This paper presents a web-based education platform for the visualization and animation of the digital logic design process. This includes the design of combinatorial circuits using logic gates, multiplexers, decoders, and look-up-tables as well as the design of finite state machines. Various configurations of finite state machines can be selected…

Freeform diamond machining of complex monolithic metal optics for integral field systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubbeldam, Cornelis M.; Robertson, David J.; Preuss, Werner

2004-09-01

Implementation of the optical designs of image slicing Integral Field Systems requires accurate alignment of a large number of small (and therefore difficult to manipulate) optical components. In order to facilitate the integration of these complex systems, the Astronomical Instrumentation Group (AIG) of the University of Durham, in collaboration with the Labor für Mikrozerspanung (Laboratory for Precision Machining - LFM) of the University of Bremen, have developed a technique for fabricating monolithic multi-faceted mirror arrays using freeform diamond machining. Using this technique, the inherent accuracy of the diamond machining equipment is exploited to achieve the required relative alignment accuracy of the facets, as well as an excellent optical surface quality for each individual facet. Monolithic arrays manufactured using this freeform diamond machining technique were successfully applied in the Integral Field Unit for the GEMINI Near-InfraRed Spectrograph (GNIRS IFU), which was recently installed at GEMINI South. Details of their fabrication process and optical performance are presented in this paper. In addition, the direction of current development work, conducted under the auspices of the Durham Instrumentation R&D Program supported by the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), will be discussed. The main emphasis of this research is to improve further the optical performance of diamond machined components, as well as to streamline the production and quality control processes with a view to making this technique suitable for multi-IFU instruments such as KMOS etc., which require series production of large quantities of optical components.

Fatigue strength: effect of welding type and joint design executed in Ti-6Al-4V structures.

PubMed

Pantoja, Juliana M C Nuñez; Farina, Ana P; Vaz, Luis G; Consani, Rafael L X; Nóbilo, Mauro A de Arruda; Mesquita, Marcelo F

2012-06-01

This study evaluated the fatigue strength of Ti-6Al-4V-machined structures submitted to laser (L)-welding and TIG (TIG)-welding procedures, varying the joint designs. Seventy dumbbell rods were machined in Ti-6Al-4V alloy with central diameters of 3.5 mm. The specimens were sectioned and welded using TIG or L and three joint designs {'I' design, varying welding distances [0.0 mm (I00) or 0.6 mm (I06)], or 'X' [X] design}. The combinations of variables created six groups, which, when added to the intact group, made a total of seven groups (n = 10). L was executed as follows: 360 V/8 ms (X) and 390 V/9 ms (I00 and I06), with focus and frequency regulated to zero. TIG was executed using 2:2 (X) and 3:2 (I00 and I06) as welding parameters. Joints were finished, polished and submitted to radiographic examination to be analysed visually for the presence of porosity. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical cyclic tests, and the number of cycles completed until failure was recorded. The fracture surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test (α = 0.05) indicated that the number of cycles resisted for fracture was higher to X for both welding procedures. To L, I06 was as resistant as X. The Mann-Whitney U-test (α = 0.05) indicated that L joints were more resistant than TIG to I00 and I06. Spearman's correlation coefficient (α = 0.05) indicated a negative correlation between the number of cycles and presence of porosity. Thus, to weld Ti-6Al-4V structures, the best condition is X, independent of the welding method employed. © 2011 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Design of a line-VISAR interferometer system for the Sandia Z Machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galbraith, J.; Austin, K.; Baker, J.; Bettencourt, R.; Bliss, E.; Celeste, J.; Clancy, T.; Cohen, S.; Crosley, M.; Datte, P.; Fratanduono, D.; Frieders, G.; Hammer, J.; Jackson, J.; Johnson, D.; Jones, M.; Koen, D.; Lusk, J.; Martinez, A.; Massey, W.; McCarville, T.; McLean, H.; Raman, K.; Rodriguez, S.; Spencer, D.; Springer, P.; Wong, J.

2017-08-01

A joint team comprised of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) personnel is designing a line-VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector) for the Sandia Z Machine, Z Line-VISAR. The diagnostic utilizes interferometry to assess current delivery as a function of radius during a magnetically-driven implosion. The Z Line-VISAR system is comprised of the following: a two-leg line-VISAR interferometer, an eight-channel Gated Optical Imager (GOI), and a fifty-meter transport beampath to/from the target of interest. The Z Machine presents unique optomechanical design challenges. The machine utilizes magnetically driven pulsed power to drive a target to elevated temperatures and pressures useful for high energy density science. Shock accelerations exceeding 30g and a strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP) are generated during the shot event as the machine discharges currents of over 25 million amps. Sensitive optical components must be protected from shock loading, and electrical equipment must be adequately shielded from the EMP. The optical design must accommodate temperature and humidity fluctuations in the facility as well as airborne hydrocarbons from the pulsed power components. We will describe the engineering design and concept of operations of the Z Line-VISAR system. Focus will be on optomechanical design.

29 CFR 1910.212 - General requirements for all machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Machinery and Machine Guarding § 1910.212...) Alligator shears. (d) Power presses. (e) Milling machines. (f) Power saws. (g) Jointers. (h) Portable power...) Anchoring fixed machinery. Machines designed for a fixed location shall be securely anchored to prevent...

29 CFR 1910.212 - General requirements for all machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Machinery and Machine Guarding § 1910.212...) Alligator shears. (d) Power presses. (e) Milling machines. (f) Power saws. (g) Jointers. (h) Portable power...) Anchoring fixed machinery. Machines designed for a fixed location shall be securely anchored to prevent...

29 CFR 1910.212 - General requirements for all machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Machinery and Machine Guarding § 1910.212...) Alligator shears. (d) Power presses. (e) Milling machines. (f) Power saws. (g) Jointers. (h) Portable power...) Anchoring fixed machinery. Machines designed for a fixed location shall be securely anchored to prevent...

Westinghouse programs in pulsed homopolar power supplies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Litz, D. C.; Mullan, E.

1984-01-01

This document details Westinghouse's ongoing study of homopolar machines since 1929 with the major effort occurring in the early 1970's to the present. The effort has enabled Westinghouse to develop expertise in the technology required for the design, fabrication and testing of such machines. This includes electrical design, electromagnetic analysis, current collection, mechanical design, advanced cooling, stress analysis, transient rotor performance, bearing analysis and seal technology. Westinghouse is using this capability to explore the use of homopolar machines as pulsed power supplies for future systems in both military and commercial applications.

Voltage THD Improvement for an Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de la Cruz, Javier; Ramirez, Juan M.; Leyva, Luis

2013-08-01

This article deals with the design of an outer rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) driven by wind turbines. The Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (VTHD) is especially addressed, under design parameters' handling, i.e., the geometry of the stator, the polar arc percentage, the air gap, the skew angle in rotor poles, the pole length and the core steel class. Seventy-six cases are simulated and the results provide information useful for designing this kind of machines. The study is conducted on a 5 kW PMSM.

Design of reinforcement welding machine within steel framework for marine engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Gang; Wu, Jin

2017-04-01

In this project, a design scheme that reinforcement welding machine is added within the steel framework is proposed according to the double-side welding technology for box-beam structure in marine engineering. Then the design and development of circuit and transmission mechanism for new welding equipment are completed as well with one sample machine being made. Moreover, the trial running is finished finally. Main technical parameters of the equipment are: the working stroke: ≥1500mm, the welding speed: 8˜15cm/min and the welding sheet thickness: ≥20mm.

Non-conventional rule of making a periodically varying different-pole magnetic field in low-power alternating current electrical machines with using ring coils in multiphase armature winding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plastun, A. T.; Tikhonova, O. V.; Malygin, I. V.

2018-02-01

The paper presents methods of making a periodically varying different-pole magnetic field in low-power electrical machines. Authors consider classical designs of electrical machines and machines with ring windings in armature, structural features and calculated parameters of magnetic circuit for these machines.

Design and Construction Multi Output Power Transmition with Single Prime Mover on Agricultural Products Machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koten, V. K.; Tanamal, C. E.

2017-03-01

Manufacturing agricultural products by the farmers, people or person who involve in medium industry, small industry, and households industry still be done in separately. Although the power on primemover is enough, in operations, primemover was only to move one of several agricultural products machine. This study attempts to design and construct power transmition multi output with single primemover; a single construction that allows primemover move some agricultur products machine in the same or not. This study begins with the determination of production capacity and the power to destroy products, the determination of resources and rotation, normalization of resources and rotation, the determination of the type material used, the size determination of each machine elements, construction machine elements, and assemble machine elements into a construction multi output power transmition with single primemover on agricultural products machine. The results show that with a input normalization 4 PK (2984 Watt), rotation 2000 rpm, the strength of material 60 kg/mm2, and several operating consideration, thus obtained size of machine elements through calculation. Based on the size, the machine elements is made through the use of some machine tools and assembled to form a multi output power transmition with single primemover.

Selection of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Process Parameters on Stainless Steel AISI Grade-304 using Design of Experiments Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lingadurai, K.; Nagasivamuni, B.; Muthu Kamatchi, M.; Palavesam, J.

2012-06-01

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a specialized thermal machining process capable of accurately machining parts of hard materials with complex shapes. Parts having sharp edges that pose difficulties to be machined by the main stream machining processes can be easily machined by WEDM process. Design of Experiments approach (DOE) has been reported in this work for stainless steel AISI grade-304 which is used in cryogenic vessels, evaporators, hospital surgical equipment, marine equipment, fasteners, nuclear vessels, feed water tubing, valves, refrigeration equipment, etc., is machined by WEDM with brass wire electrode. The DOE method is used to formulate the experimental layout, to analyze the effect of each parameter on the machining characteristics, and to predict the optimal choice for each WEDM parameter such as voltage, pulse ON, pulse OFF and wire feed. It is found that these parameters have a significant influence on machining characteristic such as metal removal rate (MRR), kerf width and surface roughness (SR). The analysis of the DOE reveals that, in general the pulse ON time significantly affects the kerf width and the wire feed rate affects SR, while, the input voltage mainly affects the MRR.

Using experimental design to define boundary manikins.

PubMed

Bertilsson, Erik; Högberg, Dan; Hanson, Lars

2012-01-01

When evaluating human-machine interaction it is central to consider anthropometric diversity to ensure intended accommodation levels. A well-known method is the use of boundary cases where manikins with extreme but likely measurement combinations are derived by mathematical treatment of anthropometric data. The supposition by that method is that the use of these manikins will facilitate accommodation of the expected part of the total, less extreme, population. In literature sources there are differences in how many and in what way these manikins should be defined. A similar field to the boundary case method is the use of experimental design in where relationships between affecting factors of a process is studied by a systematic approach. This paper examines the possibilities to adopt methodology used in experimental design to define a group of manikins. Different experimental designs were adopted to be used together with a confidence region and its axes. The result from the study shows that it is possible to adapt the methodology of experimental design when creating groups of manikins. The size of these groups of manikins depends heavily on the number of key measurements but also on the type of chosen experimental design.

Design and fabrication of a freeform phase plate for high-order ocular aberration correction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Allen Y.; Raasch, Thomas W.

2005-11-01

In recent years it has become possible to measure and in some instances to correct the high-order aberrations of human eyes. We have investigated the correction of wavefront error of human eyes by using phase plates designed to compensate for that error. The wavefront aberrations of the four eyes of two subjects were experimentally determined, and compensating phase plates were machined with an ultraprecision diamond-turning machine equipped with four independent axes. A slow-tool servo freeform trajectory was developed for the machine tool path. The machined phase-correction plates were measured and compared with the original design values to validate the process. The position of the phase-plate relative to the pupil is discussed. The practical utility of this mode of aberration correction was investigated with visual acuity testing. The results are consistent with the potential benefit of aberration correction but also underscore the critical positioning requirements of this mode of aberration correction. This process is described in detail from optical measurements, through machining process design and development, to final results.

30 CFR 18.21 - Machines equipped with powered dust collectors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Machines equipped with powered dust collectors... Construction and Design Requirements § 18.21 Machines equipped with powered dust collectors. Powered dust collectors on machines submitted for approval shall meet the applicable requirements of Part 33 of this...

41 CFR 109-25.104 - Acquisition of office furniture and office machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... furniture and office machines. 109-25.104 Section 109-25.104 Public Contracts and Property Management... furniture and office machines. DOE offices and designated contractors shall make the determination as to whether requirements can be met through the utilization of DOE owned furniture and office machines. ...

30 CFR 18.49 - Connection boxes on machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Connection boxes on machines. 18.49 Section 18... Design Requirements § 18.49 Connection boxes on machines. Connection boxes used to facilitate replacement of cables or machine components shall be explosion-proof. Portable-cable terminals on cable reels...

30 CFR 18.22 - Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary... AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.22 Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation. Each boring-type continuous-mining machine that is submitted for approval shall...

30 CFR 18.22 - Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary... AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.22 Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation. Each boring-type continuous-mining machine that is submitted for approval shall...

30 CFR 18.22 - Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary... AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.22 Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation. Each boring-type continuous-mining machine that is submitted for approval shall...

30 CFR 18.22 - Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary... AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.22 Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation. Each boring-type continuous-mining machine that is submitted for approval shall...

30 CFR 18.22 - Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary... AND ACCESSORIES Construction and Design Requirements § 18.22 Boring-type machines equipped for auxiliary face ventilation. Each boring-type continuous-mining machine that is submitted for approval shall...

Your Sewing Machine.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peacock, Marion E.

The programed instruction manual is designed to aid the student in learning the parts, uses, and operation of the sewing machine. Drawings of sewing machine parts are presented, and space is provided for the student's written responses. Following an introductory section identifying sewing machine parts, the manual deals with each part and its…

ICAM (Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing) Conceptual Design for Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. Volume 1. Project Overview and Technical Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-29

sheet metal, machined and composite parts and assembling the components into final pruJucts o Planning, evaluating, testing, inspecting and...Research showed that current programs were pursuing the design and demonstration of integrated centers for sheet metal, machining and composite ...determine any metal parts required and to schedule these requirements from the machining center. Figure 3-33, Planned Composite Production, shows

Investigation of a tubular dual-stator flux-switching permanent-magnet linear generator for free-piston energy converter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sui, Yi; Zheng, Ping; Tong, Chengde; Yu, Bin; Zhu, Shaohong; Zhu, Jianguo

2015-05-01

This paper describes a tubular dual-stator flux-switching permanent-magnet (PM) linear generator for free-piston energy converter. The operating principle, topology, and design considerations of the machine are investigated. Combining the motion characteristic of free-piston Stirling engine, a tubular dual-stator PM linear generator is designed by finite element method. Some major structural parameters, such as the outer and inner radii of the mover, PM thickness, mover tooth width, tooth width of the outer and inner stators, etc., are optimized to improve the machine performances like thrust capability and power density. In comparison with conventional single-stator PM machines like moving-magnet linear machine and flux-switching linear machine, the proposed dual-stator flux-switching PM machine shows advantages in higher mass power density, higher volume power density, and lighter mover.

Prospects of application of additive technologies for increasing the efficiency of impeller machines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belova, O. V.; Borisov, Yu. A.

2017-08-01

Impeller machine is a device in which the flow path carries out the supply (or retraction) of mechanical energy to the flow of a working fluid passing through the machine. To increase the efficiency of impeller machines, it is necessary to use design modern technologies, namely the use of numerical methods for conducting research in the field of gas dynamics, as well as additive manufacturing (AM) for the of both prototypes and production model. AM technologies are deservedly rightly called revolutionary because they give unique possibility for manufacturing products, creating perfect forms, both light and durable. The designers face the challenge of developing a new design methodology, since AM allows the use of the concept of "Complexity For Free". The "Complexity For Free" conception is based on: complexity of the form; hierarchical complexity; complexity of the material; functional complexity. The new technical items design method according to a functional principle is also investigated.

Design Enhancement and Performance Examination of External Rotor Switched Flux Permanent Magnet Machine for Downhole Application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, R.; Sulaiman, E.; Soomro, H. A.; Jusoh, L. I.; Bahrim, F. S.; Omar, M. F.

2017-08-01

The recent change in innovation and employments of high-temperature magnets, permanent magnet flux switching machine (PMFSM) has turned out to be one of the suitable contenders for seaward boring, however, less intended for downhole because of high atmospheric temperature. Subsequently, this extensive review manages the design enhancement and performance examination of external rotor PMFSM for the downhole application. Preparatory, the essential design parameters required for machine configuration are computed numerically. At that point, the design enhancement strategy is actualized through deterministic technique. At last, preliminary and refined execution of the machine is contrasted and as a consequence, the yield torque is raised from 16.39Nm to 33.57Nm while depreciating the cogging torque and PM weight up to 1.77Nm and 0.79kg, individually. In this manner, it is inferred that purposed enhanced design of 12slot-22pole with external rotor is convenient for the downhole application.

ClearTK 2.0: Design Patterns for Machine Learning in UIMA

PubMed Central

Bethard, Steven; Ogren, Philip; Becker, Lee

2014-01-01

ClearTK adds machine learning functionality to the UIMA framework, providing wrappers to popular machine learning libraries, a rich feature extraction library that works across different classifiers, and utilities for applying and evaluating machine learning models. Since its inception in 2008, ClearTK has evolved in response to feedback from developers and the community. This evolution has followed a number of important design principles including: conceptually simple annotator interfaces, readable pipeline descriptions, minimal collection readers, type system agnostic code, modules organized for ease of import, and assisting user comprehension of the complex UIMA framework. PMID:29104966

ClearTK 2.0: Design Patterns for Machine Learning in UIMA.

PubMed

Bethard, Steven; Ogren, Philip; Becker, Lee

2014-05-01

ClearTK adds machine learning functionality to the UIMA framework, providing wrappers to popular machine learning libraries, a rich feature extraction library that works across different classifiers, and utilities for applying and evaluating machine learning models. Since its inception in 2008, ClearTK has evolved in response to feedback from developers and the community. This evolution has followed a number of important design principles including: conceptually simple annotator interfaces, readable pipeline descriptions, minimal collection readers, type system agnostic code, modules organized for ease of import, and assisting user comprehension of the complex UIMA framework.

Lunar regolith bagging system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cannon, Reuben; Henninger, Scott; Levandoski, Mark; Perkins, Jim; Pitchon, Jack; Swats, Robin; Wessels, Roger

1990-01-01

A design of a lunar regolith bag and bagging system is described. The bags of regolith are to be used for construction applications on the lunar surface. The machine is designed to be used in conjunction with the lunar SKITTER currently under development. The bags for this system are 1 cu ft volume and are made from a fiberglass composite weave. The machinery is constructed mostly from a boron/aluminum composite. The machine can fill 120 bags per hour and work for 8 hours a day. The man hours to machine hours ratio to operate the machine is .5/8.

Failure mode and effects analysis of the universal anaesthesia machine in two tertiary care hospitals in Sierra Leone

PubMed Central

Rosen, M. A.; Sampson, J. B.; Jackson, E. V.; Koka, R.; Chima, A. M.; Ogbuagu, O. U.; Marx, M. K.; Koroma, M.; Lee, B. H.

2014-01-01

Background Anaesthesia care in developed countries involves sophisticated technology and experienced providers. However, advanced machines may be inoperable or fail frequently when placed into the austere medical environment of a developing country. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a method for engaging local staff in identifying real or potential breakdowns in processes or work systems and to develop strategies to mitigate risks. Methods Nurse anaesthetists from the two tertiary care hospitals in Freetown, Sierra Leone, participated in three sessions moderated by a human factors specialist and an anaesthesiologist. Sessions were audio recorded, and group discussion graphically mapped by the session facilitator for analysis and commentary. These sessions sought to identify potential barriers to implementing an anaesthesia machine designed for austere medical environments—the universal anaesthesia machine (UAM)—and also engaging local nurse anaesthetists in identifying potential solutions to these barriers. Results Participating Sierra Leonean clinicians identified five main categories of failure modes (resource availability, environmental issues, staff knowledge and attitudes, and workload and staffing issues) and four categories of mitigation strategies (resource management plans, engaging and educating stakeholders, peer support for new machine use, and collectively advocating for needed resources). Conclusions We identified factors that may limit the impact of a UAM and devised likely effective strategies for mitigating those risks. PMID:24833727

Design for multipurpose use: an application of DfE concept in a developing economy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dunmade, Israel

2004-12-01

Design for Environment (DfE) has been defined as the systematic integration of environmental considerations into product and process design. And it has been discovered that material and space can be saved when several functions are integrated into a single product by taking advantage of common components. In this design and development project, a multipurpose thresher was designed based on an integrated concept of design for modularity, disassembly, demanufacturing and remanufacturing. The machine can be used to thresh various types of farm produce such as rice, sorghum, cowpea and rye by changing the concave and the cylinder (threshing drum). The configuration of the machine enables access to most of the component parts without changing the tools needed for disassembly because the same type of fasteners was used. Furthermore, the functional units (the shelling unit, the separation unit and the grading unit) were assembled into modules such that only the faulty part needs to be replaced if necessary. The design was so simplified that the operator can make the changes for different uses without any difficulty. The machine has been successfully tested with a number of these products and it is scheduled for tests with other produce like corn and peanuts. The modularity of the functional unit will facilitate multi-lifecycle use of machine and/or its component parts. The uniformity of the liaisons and simplification of the configuration will reduce both the disassembly times and maintenance cost. By this integration, the material requirements for four different machines are conserved, environmental emissions that would be associated with the manufacture, transportation and disposal of four machines are eliminated while the capital requirements by farmers for machinery are reduced to about a quarter. Consequently the total lifecycle cost is kept minimum while the eco-efficiency is maximized.

Re-designing a mechanism for higher speed: A case history from textile machinery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Douglas, S. S.; Rooney, G. T.

The generation of general mechanism design software which is the formulation of suitable objective functions is discussed. There is a consistent drive towards higher speeds in the development of industrial sewing machines. This led to experimental analyses of dynamic performance and to a search for improved design methods. The experimental work highlighted the need for smoothness of motion at high speed, component inertias, and frame structural stiffness. Smoothness is associated with transmission properties and harmonic analysis. These are added to other design requirements of synchronization, mechanism size, and function. Some of the mechanism trains in overedte sewing machines are shown. All these trains are designed by digital optimization. The design software combines analysis of the sewing machine mechanisms, formulation of objectives innumerical terms, and suitable mathematical optimization ttechniques.

Score Big! Pinball Project Teaches Simple Machine Basics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freeman, Matthew K.

2009-01-01

This article presents a design brief for a pinball game. The design brief helps students get a better grasp on the operation and uses of simple machines. It also gives them an opportunity to develop their problem-solving skills and use design skills to complete an interesting, fun product. (Contains 2 tables and 3 photos.)

Design and development of Hoeken's structural dynamic linkage based agro-tiller machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hynes, N. Rajesh Jesudoss; Saran, K.; Pavithran, V.

2018-05-01

India is one of biggest exporters of medicinal plants, spices and other many agro products in the world. Owing to the special needs, an agricultural machine is designed using Hoeken linkage with Pantograph mechanism and developed that ensures safety digging to uproot the plant. Thus, the focus is to cut the plant by machine with proper care and shoot system is cut properly avoiding any damage to the upper part of the plant and rather be cut in the root area to use it. This is done by the agricultural cutting machine by the name "agricultural tiller machine" that can perform the action same as the objective needed for the effective production of raw materials for manufacturing of the agro products.

Implementing Machine Learning in the PCWG Tool

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clifton, Andrew; Ding, Yu; Stuart, Peter

The Power Curve Working Group (www.pcwg.org) is an ad-hoc industry-led group to investigate the performance of wind turbines in real-world conditions. As part of ongoing experience-sharing exercises, machine learning has been proposed as a possible way to predict turbine performance. This presentation provides some background information about machine learning and how it might be implemented in the PCWG exercises.

Exascale Hardware Architectures Working Group

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hemmert, S; Ang, J; Chiang, P

2011-03-15

The ASC Exascale Hardware Architecture working group is challenged to provide input on the following areas impacting the future use and usability of potential exascale computer systems: processor, memory, and interconnect architectures, as well as the power and resilience of these systems. Going forward, there are many challenging issues that will need to be addressed. First, power constraints in processor technologies will lead to steady increases in parallelism within a socket. Additionally, all cores may not be fully independent nor fully general purpose. Second, there is a clear trend toward less balanced machines, in terms of compute capability compared tomore » memory and interconnect performance. In order to mitigate the memory issues, memory technologies will introduce 3D stacking, eventually moving on-socket and likely on-die, providing greatly increased bandwidth but unfortunately also likely providing smaller memory capacity per core. Off-socket memory, possibly in the form of non-volatile memory, will create a complex memory hierarchy. Third, communication energy will dominate the energy required to compute, such that interconnect power and bandwidth will have a significant impact. All of the above changes are driven by the need for greatly increased energy efficiency, as current technology will prove unsuitable for exascale, due to unsustainable power requirements of such a system. These changes will have the most significant impact on programming models and algorithms, but they will be felt across all layers of the machine. There is clear need to engage all ASC working groups in planning for how to deal with technological changes of this magnitude. The primary function of the Hardware Architecture Working Group is to facilitate codesign with hardware vendors to ensure future exascale platforms are capable of efficiently supporting the ASC applications, which in turn need to meet the mission needs of the NNSA Stockpile Stewardship Program. This issue is relatively immediate, as there is only a small window of opportunity to influence hardware design for 2018 machines. Given the short timeline a firm co-design methodology with vendors is of prime importance.« less

Research in Chinese-English Machine Translation. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, William S-Y.; And Others

This report documents results of a two-year effort toward the study and investigation of the design of a prototype system for Chinese-English machine translation in the general area of physics. Previous work in Chinese-English machine translation is reviewed. Grammatical considerations in machine translation are discussed and detailed aspects of…

33 CFR 157.124 - COW tank washing machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false COW tank washing machines. 157... OIL IN BULK Crude Oil Washing (COW) System on Tank Vessels Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.124 COW tank washing machines. (a) COW machines must be permanently mounted in each cargo tank. (b...

Improvement of automatic fish feeder machine design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chui Wei, How; Salleh, S. M.; Ezree, Abdullah Mohd; Zaman, I.; Hatta, M. H.; Zain, B. A. Md; Mahzan, S.; Rahman, M. N. A.; Mahmud, W. A. W.

2017-10-01

Nation Plan of action for management of fishing is target to achieve an efficient, equitable and transparent management of fishing capacity in marine capture fisheries by 2018. However, several factors influence the fishery production and efficiency of marine system such as automatic fish feeder machine could be taken in consideration. Two latest fish feeder machines have been chosen as the reference for this study. Based on the observation, it has found that the both machine was made with heavy structure, low water and temperature resistance materials. This research’s objective is to develop the automatic feeder machine to increase the efficiency of fish feeding. The experiment has conducted to testing the new design of machine. The new machine with maximum storage of 5 kg and functioning with two DC motors. This machine able to distribute 500 grams of pellets within 90 seconds and longest distance of 4.7 meter. The higher speed could reduce time needed and increase the distance as well. The minimum speed range for both motor is 110 and 120 with same full speed range of 255.

Micro-optical fabrication by ultraprecision diamond machining and precision molding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Hui; Li, Likai; Naples, Neil J.; Roblee, Jeffrey W.; Yi, Allen Y.

2017-06-01

Ultraprecision diamond machining and high volume molding for affordable high precision high performance optical elements are becoming a viable process in optical industry for low cost high quality microoptical component manufacturing. In this process, first high precision microoptical molds are fabricated using ultraprecision single point diamond machining followed by high volume production methods such as compression or injection molding. In the last two decades, there have been steady improvements in ultraprecision machine design and performance, particularly with the introduction of both slow tool and fast tool servo. Today optical molds, including freeform surfaces and microlens arrays, are routinely diamond machined to final finish without post machining polishing. For consumers, compression molding or injection molding provide efficient and high quality optics at extremely low cost. In this paper, first ultraprecision machine design and machining processes such as slow tool and fast too servo are described then both compression molding and injection molding of polymer optics are discussed. To implement precision optical manufacturing by molding, numerical modeling can be included in the future as a critical part of the manufacturing process to ensure high product quality.

MLBCD: a machine learning tool for big clinical data.

PubMed

Luo, Gang

2015-01-01

Predictive modeling is fundamental for extracting value from large clinical data sets, or "big clinical data," advancing clinical research, and improving healthcare. Machine learning is a powerful approach to predictive modeling. Two factors make machine learning challenging for healthcare researchers. First, before training a machine learning model, the values of one or more model parameters called hyper-parameters must typically be specified. Due to their inexperience with machine learning, it is hard for healthcare researchers to choose an appropriate algorithm and hyper-parameter values. Second, many clinical data are stored in a special format. These data must be iteratively transformed into the relational table format before conducting predictive modeling. This transformation is time-consuming and requires computing expertise. This paper presents our vision for and design of MLBCD (Machine Learning for Big Clinical Data), a new software system aiming to address these challenges and facilitate building machine learning predictive models using big clinical data. The paper describes MLBCD's design in detail. By making machine learning accessible to healthcare researchers, MLBCD will open the use of big clinical data and increase the ability to foster biomedical discovery and improve care.

Machined versus roughened immediately loaded and finally restored single implants inserted flapless: Preliminary 6-month data from a split- mouth randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Cannizzaro, Gioacchino; Felice, Pietro; Loi, Ignazio; Viola, Paolo; Ferri, Vittorio; Leone, Michele; Lazzarini, Matteo; Trullenque-Eriksson, Anna; Esposito, Marco

To compare the outcome of immediately loaded single implants with a machined or a roughened surface. Fifty patients had two implant sites randomly allocated to receive flaplessplaced single Syra implants (Sweden & Martina), one with a machined and one with a roughened surface (sand-blasted with zirconia powder and acid etched), according to a split-mouth design. To be loaded immediately, implants had to be inserted with a torque superior to 50 Ncm. Implants were restored with definitive crowns in direct occlusal contact within 48 h. Patients were followed for 6 months after loading. Outcome measures were prosthetic and implant failures and complications. Two machined implants and four roughened implants were not loaded immediately. Six months after loading no dropout occurred. One implant loaded late, which had a rough implant surface, failed 20 days after loading (P (McNemar test) = 0.625; difference in proportions = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.07). Three crowns had to be remade on machined implants and four on roughened implants (P (McNemar test) = 1.000; difference in proportions = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.12 to 0.08). Three machined and five roughened implants experienced complications (P (McNemar test) = 0.625; difference in proportions = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.07). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for crown and implant losses as well as complications. Up to 6 months after loading both machined and roughened flapless-placed and immediately loaded single implants provided good and similar results, however, longer follow-ups are needed to evaluate the long-term prognosis of implants with different surfaces.

Visualization tool for human-machine interface designers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prevost, Michael P.; Banda, Carolyn P.

1991-06-01

As modern human-machine systems continue to grow in capabilities and complexity, system operators are faced with integrating and managing increased quantities of information. Since many information components are highly related to each other, optimizing the spatial and temporal aspects of presenting information to the operator has become a formidable task for the human-machine interface (HMI) designer. The authors describe a tool in an early stage of development, the Information Source Layout Editor (ISLE). This tool is to be used for information presentation design and analysis; it uses human factors guidelines to assist the HMI designer in the spatial layout of the information required by machine operators to perform their tasks effectively. These human factors guidelines address such areas as the functional and physical relatedness of information sources. By representing these relationships with metaphors such as spring tension, attractors, and repellers, the tool can help designers visualize the complex constraint space and interacting effects of moving displays to various alternate locations. The tool contains techniques for visualizing the relative 'goodness' of a configuration, as well as mechanisms such as optimization vectors to provide guidance toward a more optimal design. Also available is a rule-based design checker to determine compliance with selected human factors guidelines.

Computer-aided design studies of the homopolar linear synchronous motor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dawson, G. E.; Eastham, A. R.; Ong, R.

1984-09-01

The linear induction motor (LIM), as an urban transit drive, can provide good grade-climbing capabilities and propulsion/braking performance that is independent of steel wheel-rail adhesion. In view of its 10-12 mm airgap, the LIM is characterized by a low power factor-efficiency product of order 0.4. A synchronous machine offers high efficiency and controllable power factor. An assessment of the linear homopolar configuration of this machine is presented as an alternative to the LIM. Computer-aided design studies using the finite element technique have been conducted to identify a suitable machine design for urban transit propulsion.

The Design of the Automatic Control System of the Gripping-Belt Speed in Long-Rootstalk Traditional Chinese Herbal Harvester

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Jinxia; Wang, Junfa; Yu, Yonghong

This article aims to design a kind of gripping-belt speed automatic tracking system of traditional Chinese herbal harvester by AT89C52 single-chip micro computer as a core combined with fuzzy PID control algorithm. The system can adjust the gripping-belt speed in accordance with the variation of the machine's operation, so there is a perfect matching between the machine operation speed and the gripping-belt speed. The harvesting performance of the machine can be improved greatly. System design includes hardware and software.

Designing a connectionist network supercomputer.

PubMed

Asanović, K; Beck, J; Feldman, J; Morgan, N; Wawrzynek, J

1993-12-01

This paper describes an effort at UC Berkeley and the International Computer Science Institute to develop a supercomputer for artificial neural network applications. Our perspective has been strongly influenced by earlier experiences with the construction and use of a simpler machine. In particular, we have observed Amdahl's Law in action in our designs and those of others. These observations inspire attention to many factors beyond fast multiply-accumulate arithmetic. We describe a number of these factors along with rough expressions for their influence and then give the applications targets, machine goals and the system architecture for the machine we are currently designing.

Condition monitoring of Electric Components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaman, Ishtiaque

A universal non-intrusive model of a flexible antenna array is presented in this paper to monitor and identify the failures in electric machines. This adjustable antenna is designed to serve the purpose of condition monitoring of a vast range of electrical components including Induction Motor (IM), Printed Circuit Board (PCB), Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SRM), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) etc. by capturing the low frequency magnetic field radiated around these machines. The basic design and specification of the proposed antenna array for low frequency components is portrayed first. The design of the antenna is adjustable to fit for an extensive variety of segments. Subsequent to distinguishing the design and specifications of the antenna, the ideal area of the most delicate stray field has been identified for healthy current streaming around the machineries. Following this, short circuit representing faulty situation has been introduced and compared with the healthy cases. Precision has been found recognizing the faults using this one generic model of Antenna and the results are presented for three different machines i.e. IM, SRM and PMSM. Finite element method has been used to design the antenna and detect the optimum location and faults in the machines. Finally, a 3D Printer is proposed to be employed to build the antenna as per the details tended to in this paper contingent upon the power segments.

A 3D Human-Machine Integrated Design and Analysis Framework for Squat Exercises with a Smith Machine

PubMed Central

Lee, Haerin; Jung, Moonki; Lee, Ki-Kwang; Lee, Sang Hun

2017-01-01

In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional design and evaluation framework and process based on a probabilistic-based motion synthesis algorithm and biomechanical analysis system for the design of the Smith machine and squat training programs. Moreover, we implemented a prototype system to validate the proposed framework. The framework consists of an integrated human–machine–environment model as well as a squat motion synthesis system and biomechanical analysis system. In the design and evaluation process, we created an integrated model in which interactions between a human body and machine or the ground are modeled as joints with constraints at contact points. Next, we generated Smith squat motion using the motion synthesis program based on a Gaussian process regression algorithm with a set of given values for independent variables. Then, using the biomechanical analysis system, we simulated joint moments and muscle activities from the input of the integrated model and squat motion. We validated the model and algorithm through physical experiments measuring the electromyography (EMG) signals, ground forces, and squat motions as well as through a biomechanical simulation of muscle forces. The proposed approach enables the incorporation of biomechanics in the design process and reduces the need for physical experiments and prototypes in the development of training programs and new Smith machines. PMID:28178184

Design Study for a Free-piston Vuilleumier Cycle Heat Pump

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsue, Junji; Hoshino, Norimasa; Ikumi, Yonezou; Shirai, Hiroyuki

Conceptual design for a free-piston Vuilleumier cycle heat pump machine was proposed. The machine was designed based upon the numerical results of a dynamic analysis method. The method included the effect of self excitation vibration with dissipation caused by the flow friction of an oscillating working gas flow and solid friction of seals. It was found that the design values of reciprocating masses and spring constants proposed in published papers related to this study were suitable for practical use. The fundamental effects of heat exchanger elements on dynamic behaviors of the machine were clarified. It has been pointed out that some improvements were required for thermodynamic analysis of heat exchangers and working spaces.

Using a Virtual Tablet Machine to Improve Student Understanding of the Complex Processes Involved in Tablet Manufacturing.

PubMed

Mattsson, Sofia; Sjöström, Hans-Erik; Englund, Claire

2016-06-25

Objective. To develop and implement a virtual tablet machine simulation to aid distance students' understanding of the processes involved in tablet production. Design. A tablet simulation was created enabling students to study the effects different parameters have on the properties of the tablet. Once results were generated, students interpreted and explained them on the basis of current theory. Assessment. The simulation was evaluated using written questionnaires and focus group interviews. Students appreciated the exercise and considered it to be motivational. Students commented that they found the simulation, together with the online seminar and the writing of the report, was beneficial for their learning process. Conclusion. According to students' perceptions, the use of the tablet simulation contributed to their understanding of the compaction process.

Using a Virtual Tablet Machine to Improve Student Understanding of the Complex Processes Involved in Tablet Manufacturing

PubMed Central

Sjöström, Hans-Erik; Englund, Claire

2016-01-01

Objective. To develop and implement a virtual tablet machine simulation to aid distance students’ understanding of the processes involved in tablet production. Design. A tablet simulation was created enabling students to study the effects different parameters have on the properties of the tablet. Once results were generated, students interpreted and explained them on the basis of current theory. Assessment. The simulation was evaluated using written questionnaires and focus group interviews. Students appreciated the exercise and considered it to be motivational. Students commented that they found the simulation, together with the online seminar and the writing of the report, was beneficial for their learning process. Conclusion. According to students’ perceptions, the use of the tablet simulation contributed to their understanding of the compaction process. PMID:27402990

A Simple Universal Turing Machine for the Game of Life Turing Machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rendell, Paul

In this chapter we present a simple universal Turing machine which is small enough to fit into the design limits of the Turing machine build in Conway's Game of Life by the author. That limit is 8 symbols and 16 states. By way of comparison we also describe one of the smallest known universal Turing machines due to Rogozhin which has 6 symbols and 4 states.

29 CFR 1926.1000 - Rollover protective structures (ROPS) for material handling equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... two times the weight of the prime mover applied at the point of impact. (i) The design objective shall..., if any; (3) Machine make, model, or series number that the structure is designed to fit. (f) Machines... performance criteria detailed in §§ 1926.1001 and 1926.1002, as applicable or shall be designed, fabricated...

29 CFR 1926.1000 - Rollover protective structures (ROPS) for material handling equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... two times the weight of the prime mover applied at the point of impact. (i) The design objective shall..., if any; (3) Machine make, model, or series number that the structure is designed to fit. (f) Machines... performance criteria detailed in §§ 1926.1001 and 1926.1002, as applicable or shall be designed, fabricated...

29 CFR 1926.1000 - Rollover protective structures (ROPS) for material handling equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... two times the weight of the prime mover applied at the point of impact. (i) The design objective shall..., if any; (3) Machine make, model, or series number that the structure is designed to fit. (f) Machines... performance criteria detailed in §§ 1926.1001 and 1926.1002, as applicable or shall be designed, fabricated...

29 CFR 1926.1000 - Rollover protective structures (ROPS) for material handling equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... two times the weight of the prime mover applied at the point of impact. (i) The design objective shall..., if any; (3) Machine make, model, or series number that the structure is designed to fit. (f) Machines... performance criteria detailed in §§ 1926.1001 and 1926.1002, as applicable or shall be designed, fabricated...

29 CFR 1926.1000 - Rollover protective structures (ROPS) for material handling equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... two times the weight of the prime mover applied at the point of impact. (i) The design objective shall..., if any; (3) Machine make, model, or series number that the structure is designed to fit. (f) Machines... performance criteria detailed in §§ 1926.1001 and 1926.1002, as applicable or shall be designed, fabricated...

Literate Specification: Using Design Rationale To Support Formal Methods in the Development of Human-Machine Interfaces.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Christopher W.

1996-01-01

The development of safety-critical systems (aircraft cockpits and reactor control rooms) is qualitatively different from that of other interactive systems. These differences impose burdens on design teams that must ensure the development of human-machine interfaces. Analyzes strengths and weaknesses of formal methods for the design of user…

A Function-Behavior-State Approach to Designing Human Machine Interface for Nuclear Power Plant Operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Y.; Zhang, W. J.

2005-02-01

This paper presents an approach to human-machine interface design for control room operators of nuclear power plants. The first step in designing an interface for a particular application is to determine information content that needs to be displayed. The design methodology for this step is called the interface design framework (called framework ). Several frameworks have been proposed for applications at varying levels, including process plants. However, none is based on the design and manufacture of a plant system for which the interface is designed. This paper presents an interface design framework which originates from design theory and methodology for general technical systems. Specifically, the framework is based on a set of core concepts of a function-behavior-state model originally proposed by the artificial intelligence research community and widely applied in the design research community. Benefits of this new framework include the provision of a model-based fault diagnosis facility, and the seamless integration of the design (manufacture, maintenance) of plants and the design of human-machine interfaces. The missing linkage between design and operation of a plant was one of the causes of the Three Mile Island nuclear reactor incident. A simulated plant system is presented to explain how to apply this framework in designing an interface. The resulting human-machine interface is discussed; specifically, several fault diagnosis examples are elaborated to demonstrate how this interface could support operators' fault diagnosis in an unanticipated situation.

49 CFR 214.507 - Required safety equipment for new on-track roadway maintenance machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... glass, or other material with similar properties, if the machine is designed with a windshield. Each new... wipers or suitable alternatives that provide the machine operator an equivalent level of vision if...

Army-NASA aircrew/aircraft integration program: Phase 4 A(3)I Man-Machine Integration Design and Analysis System (MIDAS) software detailed design document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Banda, Carolyn; Bushnell, David; Chen, Scott; Chiu, Alex; Constantine, Betsy; Murray, Jerry; Neukom, Christian; Prevost, Michael; Shankar, Renuka; Staveland, Lowell

1991-01-01

The Man-Machine Integration Design and Analysis System (MIDAS) is an integrated suite of software components that constitutes a prototype workstation to aid designers in applying human factors principles to the design of complex human-machine systems. MIDAS is intended to be used at the very early stages of conceptual design to provide an environment wherein designers can use computational representations of the crew station and operator, instead of hardware simulators and man-in-the-loop studies, to discover problems and ask 'what if' questions regarding the projected mission, equipment, and environment. This document is the Software Product Specification for MIDAS. Introductory descriptions of the processing requirements, hardware/software environment, structure, I/O, and control are given in the main body of the document for the overall MIDAS system, with detailed discussion of the individual modules included in Annexes A-J.

Novel model of stator design to reduce the mass of superconducting generators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kails, Kevin; Li, Quan; Mueller, Markus

2018-05-01

High temperature superconductors (HTS), with much higher current density than conventional copper wires, make it feasible to develop very powerful and compact power generators. Thus, they are considered as one promising solution for large (10 + MW) direct-drive offshore wind turbines due to their low tower head mass. However, most HTS generator designs are based on a radial topology, which requires an excessive amount of HTS material and suffers from cooling and reliability issues. Axial flux machines on the other hand offer higher torque/volume ratios than the radial machines, which makes them an attractive option where space and transportation becomes an issue. However, their disadvantage is heavy structural mass. In this paper a novel stator design is introduced for HTS axial flux machines which enables a reduction in their structural mass. The stator is for the first time designed with a 45° angle that deviates the air gap closing forces into the vertical direction reducing the axial forces. The reduced axial forces improve the structural stability and consequently simplify their structural design. The novel methodology was then validated through an existing design of the HTS axial flux machine achieving a ∼10% mass reduction from 126 tonnes down to 115 tonnes. In addition, the air gap flux density increases due to the new claw pole shapes improving its power density from 53.19 to 61.90 W kg‑1. It is expected that the HTS axial flux machines designed with the new methodology offer a competitive advantage over other proposed superconducting generator designs in terms of cost, reliability and power density.

Design, development and use of the finite element machine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, L. M.; Voigt, R. C.

1983-01-01

Some of the considerations that went into the design of the Finite Element Machine, a research asynchronous parallel computer are described. The present status of the system is also discussed along with some indication of the type of results that were obtained.

40 CFR 60.180 - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Primary Lead Smelters § 60.180 Applicability and designation of affected facility. (a) The...: sintering machine, sintering machine discharge end, blast furnace, dross reverberatory furnace, electric...

40 CFR 60.180 - Applicability and designation of affected facility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Primary Lead Smelters § 60.180 Applicability and designation of affected facility. (a) The...: sintering machine, sintering machine discharge end, blast furnace, dross reverberatory furnace, electric...

Design Guidelines and Criteria for User/Operator Transactions with Battlefield Automated Systems. Volume 5. Background Literature

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-01

the machine . ARI’s efforts in this area focus on human perfor- mance problems related to interactions with command and control centers, and on issues...improvement of the user- machine interface. Lacking consistent design principles, current practice results in a fragmented and unsystematic approach to system...complexity in the user- machine interface of BAS, ARI supported this effort for develop- me:nt of an online language for Army tactical intelligence

Design and finite element analysis of micro punch CNC machine modeling for medical devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pranoto, Sigiet Haryo; Mahardika, Muslim

2018-03-01

Research on micromanufacturing has been conducted. Miniaturization and weight reduction of various industrial products continue to be developed, machines with high accuracy and good quality of machining results are needed recently. This research includes design and simulation of Micro Punch CNC Machine using Abaqus with pneumatic system. This article concern of modeling simulation of punching miniplate titanium with 0.6 MPa of pressure and 500 µm of thickness. This study explaining von misses stress, safety factor and displacement analysis while the machine had the load of punching. The result gives the reaction forced of punching is 0.5 MPa on punch tip and maximum displacement is 3.237 × 10-1 mm. The safety factor is over than 12, and considered it safe for manufacturing process.

Creative Practice : Design and Manufacturing of ‘CD Crusher’

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamamoto, Koji; Senda, Shinkoh; Fukumori, Tsutom; Sato, Kazuo

A practice program for graduate students in mechanical engineering has been developed. The task of this training is to design and manufacture an original ‘CD crusher’ , a machine to mechanically destroy compact disks after use. This is a competition among groups of students creating their original CD crusher which fulfills the regulation. The regulation is that the crusher has to use rotational blades cutting the CDs. Same sized blades are supplied to the students groups. They are fabricated from a steel bar through cutting, annealing and quenching processes by the presence of students. Technical staffs are ready to help students on the whole way of the practice. However, they encourage initiative by the students from planning to manufacturing. Students satisfied at the practice according to the comments after competition.

Experiments on PIM in Support of the Development of IVA Technology for Radiography at AWE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clough, Stephen G.; Thomas, Kenneth J.; Williamson, Mark C.; Phillips, Martin J.; Smith, Ian D.; Bailey, Vernon L.; Kishi, Hiroshi J.; Maenchen, John E.; Johnson, David L.

2002-12-01

The PIM machine has been designed and constructed at AWE as part of a program to investigate IVA technology for radiographic applications. PIM, as originally constructed, was a prospective single module of a 14 MV, 100 kA, ten module machine. The design of such a machine is a primary goal of the program as several are required to provide multi-axis radiography in a new Hydrodynamics Research Facility (HRF). Another goal is to design lower voltage machines (ranging from 1 to 5 MV) utilizing PIM style components. The original PIM machine consisted of a single inductive cavity pulsed by a 10 ohm water dielectric Blumlein pulse forming line (PFL) charged by a Marx generator. These components successfully achieved their design voltages and data on the prepulse was obtained showing it to be worse than expected. This information provided a basis for design work on the 14 MV HRF IVA, carried out by Titan-PSD, resulting in a proposal for a prepulse switch, a prototype of which should be installed on PIM by the end of this year. The original single, coaxial switch used to initiate the Blumlein has been replaced by a prototype laser triggered switching arrangement, also designed by Titan-PSD, which it was desired to test prior to its eventual use in the HRF. Despite problems with the laser, which will necessitate further experiments, it was determined that laser triggering with low jitter was occurring. A split oil co-ax feed has now been used to install a second cavity, in parallel with the first, on the PIM Blumlein. This two cavity configuration provides a prototype for future radiographic machines operating at up to 3 MV and a test facility for diode research.

3D Lasers Increase Efficiency, Safety of Moving Machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2015-01-01

Canadian company Neptec Design Group Ltd. developed its Laser Camera System, used by shuttles to render 3D maps of their hulls for assessing potential damage. Using NASA funding, the firm incorporated LiDAR technology and created the TriDAR 3D sensor. Its commercial arm, Neptec Technologies Corp., has sold the technology to Orbital Sciences, which uses it to guide its Cygnus spacecraft during rendezvous and dock operations at the International Space Station.

Comprehensive Reproductive System Care Program - Clinical Breast Care Project (CRSCP-CBCP)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

biomedical informatics group here, the ProLogic team, and the MDR Global leader. This Pathology Checklist tablet data capturing system development with...initiative in developing a prototype tablet application using the Pathology Checklist as the first example following a decision made at the last CBCP...enabling surgery within the center. The Breast Imaging Center has a designated Aurora Breast MRI machine. The merging of the Army and Navy Breast

Research on tool wearing on milling of TC21 titanium alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guilin, Liu

2017-06-01

Titanium alloys are used in aircraft widely, but the efficiency is a problem for machining titanium alloy. In this paper, the cutting experiment of TC21 titanium alloy was studied. Cutting parameters and test methods for TC21 titanium alloy were designed. The wear behavior of TC21 titanium alloy was studied based on analysis of orthogonal test results. It provides a group of cutting parameters for TC21 titanium alloy processing.

Alternative evaluation metrics for risk adjustment methods.

PubMed

Park, Sungchul; Basu, Anirban

2018-06-01

Risk adjustment is instituted to counter risk selection by accurately equating payments with expected expenditures. Traditional risk-adjustment methods are designed to estimate accurate payments at the group level. However, this generates residual risks at the individual level, especially for high-expenditure individuals, thereby inducing health plans to avoid those with high residual risks. To identify an optimal risk-adjustment method, we perform a comprehensive comparison of prediction accuracies at the group level, at the tail distributions, and at the individual level across 19 estimators: 9 parametric regression, 7 machine learning, and 3 distributional estimators. Using the 2013-2014 MarketScan database, we find that no one estimator performs best in all prediction accuracies. Generally, machine learning and distribution-based estimators achieve higher group-level prediction accuracy than parametric regression estimators. However, parametric regression estimators show higher tail distribution prediction accuracy and individual-level prediction accuracy, especially at the tails of the distribution. This suggests that there is a trade-off in selecting an appropriate risk-adjustment method between estimating accurate payments at the group level and lower residual risks at the individual level. Our results indicate that an optimal method cannot be determined solely on the basis of statistical metrics but rather needs to account for simulating plans' risk selective behaviors. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Product design for energy reduction in concurrent engineering: An Inverted Pyramid Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alkadi, Nasr M.

Energy factors in product design in concurrent engineering (CE) are becoming an emerging dimension for several reasons; (a) the rising interest in "green design and manufacturing", (b) the national energy security concerns and the dramatic increase in energy prices, (c) the global competition in the marketplace and global climate change commitments including carbon tax and emission trading systems, and (d) the widespread recognition of the need for sustainable development. This research presents a methodology for the intervention of energy factors in concurrent engineering product development process to significantly reduce the manufacturing energy requirement. The work presented here is the first attempt at integrating the design for energy in concurrent engineering framework. It adds an important tool to the DFX toolbox for evaluation of the impact of design decisions on the product manufacturing energy requirement early during the design phase. The research hypothesis states that "Product Manufacturing Energy Requirement is a Function of Design Parameters". The hypothesis was tested by conducting experimental work in machining and heat treating that took place at the manufacturing lab of the Industrial and Management Systems Engineering Department (IMSE) at West Virginia University (WVU) and at a major U.S steel manufacturing plant, respectively. The objective of the machining experiment was to study the effect of changing specific product design parameters (Material type and diameter) and process design parameters (metal removal rate) on a gear head lathe input power requirement through performing defined sets of machining experiments. The objective of the heat treating experiment was to study the effect of varying product charging temperature on the fuel consumption of a walking beams reheat furnace. The experimental work in both directions have revealed important insights into energy utilization in machining and heat-treating processes and its variance based on product, process, and system design parameters. In depth evaluation to how the design and manufacturing normally happen in concurrent engineering provided a framework to develop energy system levels in machining within the concurrent engineering environment using the method of "Inverted Pyramid Approach", (IPA). The IPA features varying levels of output energy based information depending on the input design parameters that is available during each stage (level) of the product design. The experimental work, the in-depth evaluation of design and manufacturing in CE, and the developed energy system levels in machining provided a solid base for the development of the model for the design for energy reduction in CE. The model was used to analyze an example part where 12 evolving designs were thoroughly reviewed to investigate the sensitivity of energy to design parameters in machining. The model allowed product design teams to address manufacturing energy concerns early during the design stage. As a result, ranges for energy sensitive design parameters impacting product manufacturing energy consumption were found in earlier levels. As designer proceeds to deeper levels in the model, this range tightens and results in significant energy reductions.

Automated Composites Processing Technology: Film Module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hulcher, A. Bruce

2004-01-01

NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed a technology that combines a film/adhesive laydown module with fiber placement technology to enable the processing of composite prepreg tow/tape and films, foils or adhesives on the same placement machine. The development of this technology grew out of NASA's need for lightweight, permeation-resistant cryogenic propellant tanks. Autoclave processing of high performance composites results in thermally-induced stresses due to differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the fiber and matrix resin components. These stresses, together with the reduction in temperature due to cryogen storage, tend to initiate microcracking within the composite tank wall. One way in which to mitigate this problem is to introduce a thin, crack-resistant polymer film or foil into the tank wall. Investigation into methods to automate the processing of thin film or foil materials into composites led to the development of this technology. The concept employs an automated film supply and feed module that may be designed to fit existing fiber placement machines, or may be designed as integral equipment to new machines. This patent-pending technology can be designed such that both film and foil materials may be processed simultaneously, leading to a decrease in part build cycle time. The module may be designed having a compaction device independent of the host machine, or may utilize the host machine's compactor. The film module functions are controlled by a dedicated system independent of the fiber placement machine controls. The film, foil, or adhesive is processed via pre-existing placement machine run programs, further reducing operational expense.

Bearingless AC Homopolar Machine Design and Control for Distributed Flywheel Energy Storage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Severson, Eric Loren

The increasing ownership of electric vehicles, in-home solar and wind generation, and wider penetration of renewable energies onto the power grid has created a need for grid-based energy storage to provide energy-neutral services. These services include frequency regulation, which requires short response-times, high power ramping capabilities, and several charge cycles over the course of one day; and diurnal load-/generation-following services to offset the inherent mismatch between renewable generation and the power grid's load profile, which requires low self-discharge so that a reasonable efficiency is obtained over a 24 hour storage interval. To realize the maximum benefits of energy storage, the technology should be modular and have minimum geographic constraints, so that it is easily scalable according to local demands. Furthermore, the technology must be economically viable to participate in the energy markets. There is currently no storage technology that is able to simultaneously meet all of these needs. This dissertation focuses on developing a new energy storage device based on flywheel technology to meet these needs. It is shown that the bearingless ac homopolar machine can be used to overcome key obstacles in flywheel technology, namely: unacceptable self-discharge and overall system cost and complexity. Bearingless machines combine the functionality of a magnetic bearing and a motor/generator into a single electromechanical device. Design of these machines is particularly challenging due to cross-coupling effects and trade-offs between motor and magnetic bearing capabilities. The bearingless ac homopolar machine adds to these design challenges due to its 3D flux paths requiring computationally expensive 3D finite element analysis. At the time this dissertation was started, bearingless ac homopolar machines were a highly immature technology. This dissertation advances the state-of-the-art of these machines through research contributions in the areas of magnetic modeling, winding design, control, and power-electronic drive implementation. While these contributions are oriented towards facilitating more optimal flywheel designs, they will also be useful in applying the bearingless ac homopolar machine in other applications. Example designs are considered through finite element analysis and experimental validation is provided from a proof-of-concept prototype that has been designed and constructed as a part of this dissertation.

Dynamic high-speed acquisition system design of transmission error with USB based on LabVIEW and FPGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Yong; Chen, Yan

2013-10-01

To realize the design of dynamic acquisition system for real-time detection of transmission chain error is very important to improve the machining accuracy of machine tool. In this paper, the USB controller and FPGA is used for hardware platform design, combined with LabVIEW to design user applications, NI-VISA is taken for develop USB drivers, and ultimately achieve the dynamic acquisition system design of transmission error

Advanced Design Composite Aircraft (ADCA) Study. Volume I

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-11-01

Aluminum Machined Paits 008 ’— Aluminum Honeycomb 001 - - Steel Machined Parts 0.08 - Titanium 0 66 Fiberglass 1 18 _ Boron Composite 0...Honeycomb 001 ~ Steel Machined Parti 0 09 | Titanium 056 Fi bei glass 037 r i Boron Composite 0 Graphite Composite 6 36 Total 81 2 31 7 42 1...1 Aluminum Machined Parts 006 - 2 1 Aluminum Honeycomb 001 Steel Machined Parts 007 - Trtamum 001 1 Frberglass 029 - Boron Composite 0

Service Modules for Coal Extraction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gangal, M. D.; Lewis, E. V.

1985-01-01

Service train follows group of mining machines, paying out utility lines as machines progress into coal face. Service train for four mining machines removes gases and coal and provides water and electricity. Flexible, coiling armored carriers protect cables and hoses. High coal production attained by arraying row of machines across face, working side by side.

30 CFR 18.80 - Approval of machines assembled with certified or explosion-proof components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Modifications of Approved Machines, and Permits To Use Experimental Equipment § 18.80 Approval of machines... approval. A design of the approval plate will accompany the notification of approval. (Refer to §§ 18.10...

30 CFR 18.80 - Approval of machines assembled with certified or explosion-proof components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Modifications of Approved Machines, and Permits To Use Experimental Equipment § 18.80 Approval of machines... approval. A design of the approval plate will accompany the notification of approval. (Refer to §§ 18.10...

30 CFR 18.80 - Approval of machines assembled with certified or explosion-proof components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Modifications of Approved Machines, and Permits To Use Experimental Equipment § 18.80 Approval of machines... approval. A design of the approval plate will accompany the notification of approval. (Refer to §§ 18.10...

30 CFR 18.80 - Approval of machines assembled with certified or explosion-proof components.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Modifications of Approved Machines, and Permits To Use Experimental Equipment § 18.80 Approval of machines... approval. A design of the approval plate will accompany the notification of approval. (Refer to §§ 18.10...

Designing Anticancer Peptides by Constructive Machine Learning.

PubMed

Grisoni, Francesca; Neuhaus, Claudia S; Gabernet, Gisela; Müller, Alex T; Hiss, Jan A; Schneider, Gisbert

2018-04-21

Constructive (generative) machine learning enables the automated generation of novel chemical structures without the need for explicit molecular design rules. This study presents the experimental application of such a deep machine learning model to design membranolytic anticancer peptides (ACPs) de novo. A recurrent neural network with long short-term memory cells was trained on α-helical cationic amphipathic peptide sequences and then fine-tuned with 26 known ACPs by transfer learning. This optimized model was used to generate unique and novel amino acid sequences. Twelve of the peptides were synthesized and tested for their activity on MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells and selectivity against human erythrocytes. Ten of these peptides were active against cancer cells. Six of the active peptides killed MCF7 cancer cells without affecting human erythrocytes with at least threefold selectivity. These results advocate constructive machine learning for the automated design of peptides with desired biological activities. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Conversion of Mass Storage Hierarchy in an IBM Computer Network

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

storage devices GUIDE IBM users’ group for DOS operating systems IBM International Business Machines IBM 370/145 CPU introduced in 1970 IBM 370/168 CPU...February 12, 1985, Information Systems Group, International Business Machines Corporation. "IBM 3090 Processor Complex" and 񓼪 Mass Storage System...34 Mainframe Journal, pp. 15-26, 64-65, Dallas, Texas, September-October 1987. 3. International Business Machines Corporation, Introduction to IBM 3S80 Storage

Categorical vowel perception enhances the effectiveness and generalization of auditory feedback in human-machine-interfaces.

PubMed

Larson, Eric; Terry, Howard P; Canevari, Margaux M; Stepp, Cara E

2013-01-01

Human-machine interface (HMI) designs offer the possibility of improving quality of life for patient populations as well as augmenting normal user function. Despite pragmatic benefits, utilizing auditory feedback for HMI control remains underutilized, in part due to observed limitations in effectiveness. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which categorical speech perception could be used to improve an auditory HMI. Using surface electromyography, 24 healthy speakers of American English participated in 4 sessions to learn to control an HMI using auditory feedback (provided via vowel synthesis). Participants trained on 3 targets in sessions 1-3 and were tested on 3 novel targets in session 4. An "established categories with text cues" group of eight participants were trained and tested on auditory targets corresponding to standard American English vowels using auditory and text target cues. An "established categories without text cues" group of eight participants were trained and tested on the same targets using only auditory cuing of target vowel identity. A "new categories" group of eight participants were trained and tested on targets that corresponded to vowel-like sounds not part of American English. Analyses of user performance revealed significant effects of session and group (established categories groups and the new categories group), and a trend for an interaction between session and group. Results suggest that auditory feedback can be effectively used for HMI operation when paired with established categorical (native vowel) targets with an unambiguous cue.

Complex Approach to Conceptual Design of Machine Mechanically Extracting Oil from Jatropha curcas L. Seeds for Biomass-Based Fuel Production

PubMed Central

Mašín, Ivan

2016-01-01

One of important sources of biomass-based fuel is Jatropha curcas L. Great attention is paid to the biofuel produced from the oil extracted from the Jatropha curcas L. seeds. A mechanised extraction is the most efficient and feasible method for oil extraction for small-scale farmers but there is a need to extract oil in more efficient manner which would increase the labour productivity, decrease production costs, and increase benefits of small-scale farmers. On the other hand innovators should be aware that further machines development is possible only when applying the systematic approach and design methodology in all stages of engineering design. Systematic approach in this case means that designers and development engineers rigorously apply scientific knowledge, integrate different constraints and user priorities, carefully plan product and activities, and systematically solve technical problems. This paper therefore deals with the complex approach to design specification determining that can bring new innovative concepts to design of mechanical machines for oil extraction. The presented case study as the main part of the paper is focused on new concept of screw of machine mechanically extracting oil from Jatropha curcas L. seeds. PMID:27668259

Molecular Machine Powered Surface Programmatic Chain Reaction for Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Protein.

PubMed

Zhu, Jing; Gan, Haiying; Wu, Jie; Ju, Huangxian

2018-04-17

A bipedal molecular machine powered surface programmatic chain reaction was designed for electrochemical signal amplification and highly sensitive electrochemical detection of protein. The bipedal molecular machine was built through aptamer-target specific recognition for the binding of one target protein with two DNA probes, which hybridized with surface-tethered hairpin DNA 1 (H1) via proximity effect to expose the prelocked toehold domain of H1 for the hybridization of ferrocene-labeled hairpin DNA 2 (H2-Fc). The toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction brought the electrochemical signal molecule Fc close to the electrode and meanwhile released the bipedal molecular machine to traverse the sensing surface by the surface programmatic chain reaction. Eventually, a large number of duplex structures of H1-H2 with ferrocene groups facing to the electrode were formed on the sensor surface to generate an amplified electrochemical signal. Using thrombin as a model target, this method showed a linear detection range from 2 pM to 20 nM with a detection limit of 0.76 pM. The proposed detection strategy was enzyme-free and allowed highly sensitive and selective detection of a variety of protein targets by using corresponding DNA-based affinity probes, showing potential application in bioanalysis.

Classification of older adults with/without a fall history using machine learning methods.

PubMed

Lin Zhang; Ou Ma; Fabre, Jennifer M; Wood, Robert H; Garcia, Stephanie U; Ivey, Kayla M; McCann, Evan D

2015-01-01

Falling is a serious problem in an aged society such that assessment of the risk of falls for individuals is imperative for the research and practice of falls prevention. This paper introduces an application of several machine learning methods for training a classifier which is capable of classifying individual older adults into a high risk group and a low risk group (distinguished by whether or not the members of the group have a recent history of falls). Using a 3D motion capture system, significant gait features related to falls risk are extracted. By training these features, classification hypotheses are obtained based on machine learning techniques (K Nearest-neighbour, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine). Training and test accuracies with sensitivity and specificity of each of these techniques are assessed. The feature adjustment and tuning of the machine learning algorithms are discussed. The outcome of the study will benefit the prediction and prevention of falls.

Parallel machine architecture and compiler design facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuck, David J.; Yew, Pen-Chung; Padua, David; Sameh, Ahmed; Veidenbaum, Alex

1990-01-01

The objective is to provide an integrated simulation environment for studying and evaluating various issues in designing parallel systems, including machine architectures, parallelizing compiler techniques, and parallel algorithms. The status of Delta project (which objective is to provide a facility to allow rapid prototyping of parallelized compilers that can target toward different machine architectures) is summarized. Included are the surveys of the program manipulation tools developed, the environmental software supporting Delta, and the compiler research projects in which Delta has played a role.

The design and improvement of radial tire molding machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Wenhao; Zhang, Tao

2018-04-01

This paper presented that the high accuracy semisteel meridian tire molding machine structure configurations, combining tyre high precision characteristics, the original structure and parameter optimization, technology improvement innovation design period of opening and closing machine rotary shaping drum institutions. This way out of the shaft from the structure to the push-pull type movable shaping drum of thinking limit, compared with the specifications and shaping drum can smaller contraction, is conducive to forming the tire and reduce the tire deformation.

Cognitive learning: a machine learning approach for automatic process characterization from design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foucher, J.; Baderot, J.; Martinez, S.; Dervilllé, A.; Bernard, G.

2018-03-01

Cutting edge innovation requires accurate and fast process-control to obtain fast learning rate and industry adoption. Current tools available for such task are mainly manual and user dependent. We present in this paper cognitive learning, which is a new machine learning based technique to facilitate and to speed up complex characterization by using the design as input, providing fast training and detection time. We will focus on the machine learning framework that allows object detection, defect traceability and automatic measurement tools.

Homopolar machine for reversible energy storage and transfer systems

DOEpatents

Stillwagon, Roy E.

1978-01-01

A homopolar machine designed to operate as a generator and motor in reversibly storing and transferring energy between the machine and a magnetic load coil for a thermo-nuclear reactor. The machine rotor comprises hollow thin-walled cylinders or sleeves which form the basis of the system by utilizing substantially all of the rotor mass as a conductor thus making it possible to transfer substantially all the rotor kinetic energy electrically to the load coil in a highly economical and efficient manner. The rotor is divided into multiple separate cylinders or sleeves of modular design, connected in series and arranged to rotate in opposite directions but maintain the supply of current in a single direction to the machine terminals. A stator concentrically disposed around the sleeves consists of a hollow cylinder having a number of excitation coils each located radially outward from the ends of adjacent sleeves. Current collected at an end of each sleeve by sleeve slip rings and brushes is transferred through terminals to the magnetic load coil. Thereafter, electrical energy returned from the coil then flows through the machine which causes the sleeves to motor up to the desired speed in preparation for repetition of the cycle. To eliminate drag on the rotor between current pulses, the brush rigging is designed to lift brushes from all slip rings in the machine.

Homopolar machine for reversible energy storage and transfer systems

DOEpatents

Stillwagon, Roy E.

1981-01-01

A homopolar machine designed to operate as a generator and motor in reversibly storing and transferring energy between the machine and a magnetic load coil for a thermo-nuclear reactor. The machine rotor comprises hollow thin-walled cylinders or sleeves which form the basis of the system by utilizing substantially all of the rotor mass as a conductor thus making it possible to transfer substantially all the rotor kinetic energy electrically to the load coil in a highly economical and efficient manner. The rotor is divided into multiple separate cylinders or sleeves of modular design, connected in series and arranged to rotate in opposite directions but maintain the supply of current in a single direction to the machine terminals. A stator concentrically disposed around the sleeves consists of a hollow cylinder having a number of excitation coils each located radially outward from the ends of adjacent sleeves. Current collected at an end of each sleeve by sleeve slip rings and brushes is transferred through terminals to the magnetic load coil. Thereafter, electrical energy returned from the coil then flows through the machine which causes the sleeves to motor up to the desired speed in preparation for repetition of the cycle. To eliminate drag on the rotor between current pulses, the brush rigging is designed to lift brushes from all slip rings in the machine.

Design features and results from fatigue reliability research machines.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lalli, V. R.; Kececioglu, D.; Mcconnell, J. B.

1971-01-01

The design, fabrication, development, operation, calibration and results from reversed bending combined with steady torque fatigue research machines are presented. Fifteen-centimeter long, notched, SAE 4340 steel specimens are subjected to various combinations of these stresses and cycled to failure. Failure occurs when the crack in the notch passes through the specimen automatically shutting down the test machine. These cycles-to-failure data are statistically analyzed to develop a probabilistic S-N diagram. These diagrams have many uses; a rotating component design example given in the literature shows that minimum size and weight for a specified number of cycles and reliability can be calculated using these diagrams.

Uses of the Westrup brush machine

Treesearch

Jill Barbour

2002-01-01

The Westrup brush machine can be used as the first step in the conditioning process of seeds. Even though there are various sizes of the machine, only the laboratory model (LA-H) is described. The machine is designed to separate seed from pods or flowers, dewing tree seed, remove appendages or hairs from seed, split twin seed, de-lint cotton seed, scarify hard coated...

29 CFR 570.34 - Occupations that may be performed by minors 14 and 15 years of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... comparative shopping. (e) Price marking and tagging by hand or machine, assembling orders, packing, and... machines shall mean all fixed or portable machines or tools driven by power and used or designed for...

29 CFR 570.34 - Occupations that may be performed by minors 14 and 15 years of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... comparative shopping. (e) Price marking and tagging by hand or machine, assembling orders, packing, and... machines shall mean all fixed or portable machines or tools driven by power and used or designed for...

29 CFR 570.34 - Occupations that may be performed by minors 14 and 15 years of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... comparative shopping. (e) Price marking and tagging by hand or machine, assembling orders, packing, and... machines shall mean all fixed or portable machines or tools driven by power and used or designed for...

29 CFR 570.34 - Occupations that may be performed by minors 14 and 15 years of age.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... comparative shopping. (e) Price marking and tagging by hand or machine, assembling orders, packing, and... machines shall mean all fixed or portable machines or tools driven by power and used or designed for...

The Machine Intelligence Hex Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chalup, Stephan K.; Mellor, Drew; Rosamond, Fran

2005-01-01

Hex is a challenging strategy board game for two players. To enhance students' progress in acquiring understanding and practical experience with complex machine intelligence and programming concepts we developed the Machine Intelligence Hex (MIHex) project. The associated undergraduate student assignment is about designing and implementing Hex…

Producibility Engineering and Planning (PEP)

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

Materiel System, May 1976. c. Cesare Raimondi, "Estimating Drafting Time - Art , Science , Guess- work", Machine Design, 7 September 1972. d. Current Wage...Comprehensive 8 16 24 32 40 86 45 70 90 80 1/ Cesare Raimondi, "Estimating Drafting Time- Art , Science , Guesswork," Machine Design, September

Human machine interface display design document.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

The purpose of this document is to describe the design for the human machine interface : (HMI) display for the Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG9-1-1) System (or system of systems) : based on the initial Tier 1 requirements identified for the NG9-1-1 S...

CFD Aided Design and Production of Hydraulic Turbines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaplan, Alper; Cetinturk, Huseyin; Demirel, Gizem; Ayli, Ece; Celebioglu, Kutay; Aradag, Selin; ETU Hydro Research Center Team

2014-11-01

Hydraulic turbines are turbo machines which produce electricity from hydraulic energy. Francis type turbines are the most common one in use today. The design of these turbines requires high engineering effort since each turbine is tailor made due to different head and discharge. Therefore each component of the turbine is designed specifically. During the last decades, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become very useful tool to predict hydraulic machinery performance and save time and money for designers. This paper describes a design methodology to optimize a Francis turbine by integrating theoretical and experimental fundamentals of hydraulic machines and commercial CFD codes. Specific turbines are designed and manufactured with the help of a collaborative CFD/CAD/CAM methodology based on computational fluid dynamics and five-axis machining for hydraulic electric power plants. The details are presented in this study. This study is financially supported by Turkish Ministry of Development.

Diaper wars: Chapter six -- technology strikes back

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Naquin, D.

1997-10-01

With $1.5 million in funding, including $80,000 from the Israeli Office of the Chief Scientist, Israeli and US investors developed and patented Diapactor, a self-contained unit designed to process 60 used diapers per hour, while reducing volume by 95%. The group introduced the product at WasteExpo `97, held in May in Atlanta. Its end products are pellets of commingled plastic and of cellulose pulp. The machine, about twice the size of the average family washing machine, is produced by Diatec Recycling Technologies USA, Inc. (Agoura Hills, Calif.). Diapers go in at the top of the Diapactor. The machine does themore » rest, opening the diaper, pumping in water, heating the material, and separating it into usable components. Since paper used for personal hygiene products must meet high standards, the resulting pulp is high grade. It can be recycled into new diapers or various paper products, including stationery. Plastic pellets, produced from the diaper`s tape and lining, can be melted down and recycled into a variety of items, including paving tiles, asphalt, and plastic fencing.« less

Reverse engineering of wörner type drilling machine structure.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wibowo, A.; Belly, I.; llhamsyah, R.; Indrawanto; Yuwana, Y.

2018-03-01

A product design needs to be modified based on the conditions of production facilities and existing resource capabilities without reducing the functional aspects of the product itself. This paper describes the reverse engineering process of the main structure of the wörner type drilling machine to obtain a machine structure design that can be made by resources with limited ability by using simple processes. Some structural, functional and the work mechanism analyzes have been performed to understand the function and role of each basic components. The process of dismantling of the drilling machine and measuring each of the basic components was performed to obtain sets of the geometry and size data of each component. The geometric model of each structure components and the machine assembly were built to facilitate the simulation process and machine performance analysis that refers to ISO standard of drilling machine. The tolerance stackup analysis also performed to determine the type and value of geometrical and dimensional tolerances, which could affect the ease of the components to be manufactured and assembled

A New Type of Tea Baking Machine Based on Pro/E Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Xin-Ying; Wang, Wei

2017-11-01

In this paper, the production process of wulong tea was discussed, mainly the effect of baking on the quality of tea. The suitable baking temperature of different tea was introduced. Based on Pro/E, a new type of baking machine suitable for wulong tea baking was designed. The working principle, mechanical structure and constant temperature timing intelligent control system of baking machine were expounded. Finally, the characteristics and innovation of new baking machine were discussed.The mechanical structure of this baking machine is more simple and reasonable, and can use the heat of the inlet and outlet, more energy saving and environmental protection. The temperature control part adopts fuzzy PID control, which can improve the accuracy and response speed of temperature control and reduce the dependence of baking operation on skilled experience.

Development of 300 mesh Soy Bean Crusher for Tofu Material Processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, E. S.; Pratama, P. S.; Supeno, D.; Jeong, S. W.; Byun, J. Y.; Woo, J. H.; Park, C. S.; Choi, W. S.

2018-03-01

A machine such as bean crusher machine is subjected to different loads and vibration. Due to this vibration there will be certain deformations which affect the performance of the machine in adverse manner. This paper proposed a vibration analysis of bean crusher machine using ANSYS. The effect of vibration on the structure was studied in order to ensure the safety using finite element analysis. This research supports the machine designer to create a better product with lower cost and faster development time. To do this, firstly, using Inventor, a CAD model is prepared. Secondly, the analysis is to be carried out using ANSYS 15. The modal analysis and random vibration analysis of the structure was conducted. The analysis shows that the proposed design was successfully shows the minimum deformation when the vibration was applied in normal condition.

In vivo and in vitro performance of a China-made hemodialysis machine: a multi-center prospective controlled study.

PubMed

Wang, Yong; Chen, Xiang-Mei; Cai, Guang-Yan; Li, Wen-Ge; Zhang, Ai-Hua; Hao, Li-Rong; Shi, Ming; Wang, Rong; Jiang, Hong-Li; Luo, Hui-Min; Zhang, Dong; Sun, Xue-Feng

2017-08-02

To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro performance of a China-made dialysis machine (SWS-4000). This was a multi-center prospective controlled study consisting of both long-term in vitro evaluations and cross-over in vivo tests in 132 patients. The China-made SWS-4000 dialysis machine was compared with a German-made dialysis machine (Fresenius 4008) with regard to Kt/V values, URR values, and dialysis-related adverse reactions in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, as well as the ultrafiltration rate, the concentration of electrolytes in the proportioned dialysate, the rate of heparin injection, the flow rate of the blood pump, and the rate of malfunction. The Kt/V and URR values at the 1st and 4th weeks of dialysis as well as the incidence of adverse effects did not differ between the two groups in cross-over in vivo tests (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the error values of the ultrafiltration rate, the rate of heparin injection or the concentrations of electrolytes in the proportioned dialysate at different time points under different parameter settings. At weeks 2 and 24, with the flow rate of the blood pump set at 300 mL/min, the actual error of the SWS-4000 dialysis machine was significantly higher than that of the Fresenius 4008 dialysis machine (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference at other time points or under other settings (P > 0.05). The malfunction rate was higher in the SWS-4000 group than in the Fresenius 4008 group (P < 0.05). The in vivo performance of the SWS-4000 dialysis machine is roughly comparable to that of the Fresenius 4008 dialysis machine; however, the malfunction rate of the former is higher than that of the latter in in vitro tests. The stability and long-term accuracy of the SWS-4000 dialysis machine remain to be improved.

A Methodology for Protective Vibration Monitoring of Hydropower Units Based on the Mechanical Properties.

PubMed

Nässelqvist, Mattias; Gustavsson, Rolf; Aidanpää, Jan-Olov

2013-07-01

It is important to monitor the radial loads in hydropower units in order to protect the machine from harmful radial loads. Existing recommendations in the standards regarding the radial movements of the shaft and bearing housing in hydropower units, ISO-7919-5 (International Organization for Standardization, 2005, "ISO 7919-5: Mechanical Vibration-Evaluation of Machine Vibration by Measurements on Rotating Shafts-Part 5: Machine Sets in Hydraulic Power Generating and Pumping Plants," Geneva, Switzerland) and ISO-10816-5 (International Organization for Standardization, 2000, "ISO 10816-5: Mechanical Vibration-Evaluation of Machine Vibration by Measurements on Non-Rotating Parts-Part 5: Machine Sets in Hydraulic Power Generating and Pumping Plants," Geneva, Switzerland), have alarm levels based on statistical data and do not consider the mechanical properties of the machine. The synchronous speed of the unit determines the maximum recommended shaft displacement and housing acceleration, according to these standards. This paper presents a methodology for the alarm and trip levels based on the design criteria of the hydropower unit and the measured radial loads in the machine during operation. When a hydropower unit is designed, one of its design criteria is to withstand certain loads spectra without the occurrence of fatigue in the mechanical components. These calculated limits for fatigue are used to set limits for the maximum radial loads allowed in the machine before it shuts down in order to protect itself from damage due to high radial loads. Radial loads in hydropower units are caused by unbalance, shape deviations, dynamic flow properties in the turbine, etc. Standards exist for balancing and manufacturers (and power plant owners) have recommendations for maximum allowed shape deviations in generators. These standards and recommendations determine which loads, at a maximum, should be allowed before an alarm is sent that the machine needs maintenance. The radial bearing load can be determined using load cells, bearing properties multiplied by shaft displacement, or bearing bracket stiffness multiplied by housing compression or movement. Different load measurement methods should be used depending on the design of the machine and accuracy demands in the load measurement. The methodology presented in the paper is applied to a 40 MW hydropower unit; suggestions are presented for the alarm and trip levels for the machine based on the mechanical properties and radial loads.

Specimen coordinate automated measuring machine/fiducial automated measuring machine

DOEpatents

Hedglen, Robert E.; Jacket, Howard S.; Schwartz, Allan I.

1991-01-01

The Specimen coordinate Automated Measuring Machine (SCAMM) and the Fiducial Automated Measuring Machine (FAMM) is a computer controlled metrology system capable of measuring length, width, and thickness, and of locating fiducial marks. SCAMM and FAMM have many similarities in their designs, and they can be converted from one to the other without taking them out of the hot cell. Both have means for: supporting a plurality of samples and a standard; controlling the movement of the samples in the +/- X and Y directions; determining the coordinates of the sample; compensating for temperature effects; and verifying the accuracy of the measurements and repeating as necessary. SCAMM and FAMM are designed to be used in hot cells.

Integrated intelligent sensor for the textile industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peltie, Philippe; David, Dominique

1996-08-01

A new sensor has been developed for pantyhose inspection. Unlike a first complete inspection machine devoted to post- manufacturing control of the whole panty, this sensor will be directly integrated on currently existing manufacturing machines, and will combine advantages of miniaturization is to design an intelligent, compact and very cheap product, which should be integrated without requiring any modifications of host machines. The sensor part was designed to achieve closed acquisition, and various solutions have been explored to maintain adequate depth of field. The illumination source will be integrated in the device. The processing part will include correction facilities and electronic processing. Finally, high-level information will be output in order to interface directly with the manufacturing machine automate.

Natural Fiber Cut Machine Semi-Automatic Linear Motion System for Empty Fiber Bunches: Re-designing for Local Use

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asfarizal; Kasim, Anwar; Gunawarman; Santosa

2017-12-01

Empty Palm bunches of fiber is local ingredient in Indonesia that easy to obtain. Empty Palm bunches of fiber can be obtained from the palm oil industry such as in West Pasaman. The character of the empty Palm bunches of fiber that is strong and pliable has high-potential for particle board. To transform the large quantities of fiber become particles in size 0-10 mm requires a specially designed cut machine. Therefore, the machine is designed in two-stage system that is mechanical system, structure and cutting knife. Components that have been made, assembled and then tested to reveal the ability of the machine to cut. The results showed that the straight back and forth motion cut machine is able to cut out the empty oil palm bunches of fiber with a length 0-1 cm, 2 cm, 8 cm and the surface of the cut is not stringy. The cutting capacity is at a length of 2 cm in the result 24.4 (kg/h) and 8 cm obtained results of up to 84 (kg/h)

Programming and machining of complex parts based on CATIA solid modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Xiurong

2017-09-01

The complex parts of the use of CATIA solid modeling programming and simulation processing design, elaborated in the field of CNC machining, programming and the importance of processing technology. In parts of the design process, first make a deep analysis on the principle, and then the size of the design, the size of each chain, connected to each other. After the use of backstepping and a variety of methods to calculate the final size of the parts. In the selection of parts materials, careful study, repeated testing, the final choice of 6061 aluminum alloy. According to the actual situation of the processing site, it is necessary to make a comprehensive consideration of various factors in the machining process. The simulation process should be based on the actual processing, not only pay attention to shape. It can be used as reference for machining.

Design of electric control system for automatic vegetable bundling machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bao, Yan

2017-06-01

A design can meet the requirements of automatic bale food structure and has the advantages of simple circuit, and the volume is easy to enhance the electric control system of machine carrying bunch of dishes and low cost. The bundle of vegetable machine should meet the sensor to detect and control, in order to meet the control requirements; binding force can be adjusted by the button to achieve; strapping speed also can be adjusted, by the keys to set; sensors and mechanical line connection, convenient operation; can be directly connected with the plug, the 220V power supply can be connected to a power source; if, can work, by the transmission signal sensor, MCU to control the motor, drive and control procedures for small motor. The working principle of LED control circuit and temperature control circuit is described. The design of electric control system of automatic dish machine.

Biomorphic architectures for autonomous Nanosat designs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasslacher, Brosl; Tilden, Mark W.

1995-01-01

Modern space tool design is the science of making a machine both massively complex while at the same time extremely robust and dependable. We propose a novel nonlinear control technique that produces capable, self-organizing, micron-scale space machines at low cost and in large numbers by parallel silicon assembly. Experiments using biomorphic architectures (with ideal space attributes) have produced a wide spectrum of survival-oriented machines that are reliably domesticated for work applications in specific environments. In particular, several one-chip satellite prototypes show interesting control properties that can be turned into numerous application-specific machines for autonomous, disposable space tasks. We believe that the real power of these architectures lies in their potential to self-assemble into larger, robust, loosely coupled structures. Assembly takes place at hierarchical space scales, with different attendant properties, allowing for inexpensive solutions to many daunting work tasks. The nature of biomorphic control, design, engineering options, and applications are discussed.

Optical design of laser transmission system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yulan; Feng, Jinliang; Li, Yongliang; Yang, Jiandong

1998-08-01

This paper discusses a design of optical transfer system used in carbon-dioxide laser therapeutic machine. The design of this system is according to the requirement of the therapeutic machine. The therapeutic machine requires the movement of laser transfer system is similar to the movement of human beings arms, which possesses 7 rotating hinges. We use optical hinges, which is composed of 45 degree mirrors. Because the carbon-dioxide laser mode is not good, light beam diameter at focus and divergence angle dissemination are big, we use a collecting lens at the transfer system output part in order to make the light beam diameter at focus in 0.2 to approximately 0.3 mm. For whole system the focus off-axis error is less than 0.5 mm, the transfer power consumption is smaller than 10%. The system can move in three dimension space freely and satisfies the therapeutic machine requirement.

Hypothermic machine perfusion permits extended cold ischemia times with improved early graft function.

PubMed

Guy, Alison; McGrogan, Damian; Inston, Nicholas; Ready, Andrew

2015-04-01

The logistics of deceased-donor renal transplants are largely affected by cold ischemia time. However, to attain successful outcomes, other issues must be considered. Extending cold ischemia time to accommodate these issues would be valuable. We investigated the role of hypothermic machine perfusion to extend cold ischaemia time. Deceased-donor kidneys were allocated to a storage method, depending on predicted time to operation. Kidneys to be transplanted from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM in the transplant room remained in static cold storage. If predicted operating time was out of hours, the kidney was transferred to hypothermic machine perfusion and transplanted at the earliest opportunity on the dedicated transplant list. There were 74 kidneys transplanted from hypothermic machine perfusion and 101 kidneys from static cold storage. Median cold ischemia time was 23.85 hours in the hypothermic machine perfusion group, compared with 13 hours in the static cold storage group (P ≤ .0001). There were 20 kidneys (27%) from hypothermic machine perfusion that had delayed graft function, compared with 47 kidneys (47%) in the static cold storage group (P = .012). There were no other significant differences in graft or postoperative complications. This study demonstrated that improved early graft outcomes can be achieved following longer cold ischemia time by using hypothermic machine perfusion rather than static cold storage. This effect is likely multifactorial including the inherent effects of hypothermic machine perfusion, improved recipient preparation, and possibly better perioperative conditions.

49 CFR 214.509 - Required visual illumination and reflective devices for new on-track roadway maintenance machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... activated by the application of the machine braking system, and designed to be visible for a distance of 300... TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD WORKPLACE SAFETY On-Track Roadway Maintenance Machines and Hi-Rail Vehicles § 214.509...

Specification and preliminary design of an array processor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slotnick, D. L.; Graham, M. L.

1975-01-01

The design of a computer suited to the class of problems typified by the general circulation of the atmosphere was investigated. A fundamental goal was that the resulting machine should have roughly 100 times the computing capability of an IBM 360/95 computer. A second requirement was that the machine should be programmable in a higher level language similar to FORTRAN. Moreover, the new machine would have to be compatible with the IBM 360/95 since the IBM machine would continue to be used for pre- and post-processing. A third constraint was that the cost of the new machine was to be significantly less than that of other extant machines of similar computing capability, such as the ILLIAC IV and CDC STAR. A final constraint was that it should be feasible to fabricate a complete system and put it in operation by early 1978. Although these objectives were generally met, considerable work remains to be done on the routing system.

Comparison of Load-Bearing Capacities of 3-Unit Fiber-Reinforced Composite Adhesive Bridges with Different Framework Designs.

PubMed

Tacir, Ibrahim H; Dirihan, Roda S; Polat, Zelal Seyfioglu; Salman, Gizem Ön; Vallittu, Pekka; Lassila, Lippo; Ayna, Emrah

2018-06-28

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the load-bearing capacities of three-unit direct resin-bonded fiber-reinforced composite fixed dental prosthesis with different framework designs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty mandibular premolar and molar teeth without caries were collected and direct glass fiber-resin fixed FDPs were divided into 6 groups (n=10). Each group was restored via direct technique with different designs. In Group 1, the inlay-retained bridges formed 2 unidirectional FRC frameworks and pontic-reinforced transversal FRC. In Group 2, the inlay-retained bridges were supported by unidirectional lingual and occlusal FRC frameworks. Group 3, had buccal and lingual unidirectional FRC frameworks without the inlay cavities. Group 4 had reinforced inlay cavities and buccal-lingual FRC with unidirectional FRC frameworks. Group 5, had a circular form of fiber reinforcement around cusps in addition to buccal-lingual FRC frameworks. Group 6 had a circular form of fiber reinforcement around cusps with 2 bidirectional FRC frameworks into inlay cavities. All groups were loaded until final fracture using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. RESULTS Mean values of the groups were determined with ANOVA and Tukey HSD. When all data were evaluated, Group 6 had the highest load-bearing capacities and revealed significant differences from Group 3 and Group 4. Group 6 had the highest strain (p>0.05). When the fracture patterns were investigated, Group 6 had the durability to sustain fracture propagation within the restoration. CONCLUSIONS The efficiency of fiber reinforcement of the restorations alters not only the amount of fiber, but also the design of the restoration with fibers.

A 5-year prospective radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels adjacent to parallel-screw cylinder machined-neck implants and rough-surfaced microthreaded implants using digitized panoramic radiographs.

PubMed

Nickenig, Hans-Joachim; Wichmann, Manfred; Happe, Arndt; Zöller, Joachim E; Eitner, Stephan

2013-10-01

The purpose of this split-mouth study was to compare macro- and microstructure implant surfaces at the marginal bone level over five years of functional loading. From January to February 2006, 133 implants (70 rough-surfaced microthreaded implants and 63 machined-neck implants) were inserted in the mandible of 34 patients with Kennedy Class I residual dentitions and followed until December 2011. Marginal bone level was radiographically determined at six time points: implant placement (baseline), after the healing period, after six months, and at two years, three years, and five years follow-up. Median follow-up time was 5.2 years (range: 5.1-5.4). The machined-neck group had a mean crestal bone loss of 0.5 mm (0.0-2.3) after the healing period, 1.1 mm (0.0-3.0) at two years follow-up, and 1.4 mm (0.0-2.9) at five years follow-up. The rough-surfaced microthreaded implant group had a mean bone loss of 0.1 mm (-0.4 to 2.0) after the healing period, 0.5 mm (0.0-2.1) at two years follow-up, and 0.7 mm (0.0-2.3) at five years follow-up. The two implant types showed significant differences in marginal bone levels. Rough-surfaced microthreaded design caused significantly less loss of crestal bone levels under long-term functional loading in the mandible when compared to machined-neck implants. Copyright © 2012 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels adjacent to parallel-screw cylinder machined-neck implants and rough-surfaced microthreaded implants using digitized panoramic radiographs.

PubMed

Nickenig, Hans-Joachim; Wichmann, Manfred; Schlegel, Karl Andreas; Nkenke, Emeka; Eitner, Stephan

2009-06-01

The purpose of this split-mouth study was to compare macro- and microstructure implant surfaces at the marginal bone level during a stress-free healing period and under functional loading. From January to February 2006, 133 implants (70 rough-surfaced microthreaded implants and 63 machined-neck implants) were inserted in the mandible of 34 patients with Kennedy Class I residual dentitions and followed until February 2008. The marginal bone level was radiographically determined, using digitized panoramic radiographs, at four time points: at implant placement (baseline level), after the healing period, after 6 months of functional loading, and at the end of follow-up. The median follow-up time was 1.9 (range: 1.9-2.1) years. The machined-neck group had a mean crestal bone loss of 0.5 mm (range: 0-2.3) after the healing period, 0.8 mm after 6 months (range: 0-2.4), and 1.1 mm (range: 0-3) at the end of follow-up. The rough-surfaced microthreaded implant group had a mean bone loss of 0.1 mm (range: -0.4-2) after the healing period, 0.4 mm (range: 0-2.1) after 6 months, and 0.5 mm (range: 0-2.1) at the end of follow-up. The two implant types showed significant differences in marginal bone levels (healing period: P=0.01; end of follow-up: P<0.01). Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels adjacent to machined-neck or rough-surfaced microthreaded implants showed that implants with the microthreaded design caused minimal changes in crestal bone levels during healing (stress-free) and under functional loading.

Man-Machine Integrated Design and Analysis System (MIDAS): Functional Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Corker, Kevin; Neukom, Christian

1998-01-01

Included in the series of screen print-outs illustrates the structure and function of the Man-Machine Integrated Design and Analysis System (MIDAS). Views into the use of the system and editors are featured. The use-case in this set of graphs includes the development of a simulation scenario.

30 CFR 18.20 - Quality of material, workmanship, and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., circuits, arrangements, or combinations of components and materials cannot be foreseen, MSHA reserves the... provided on each mobile machine that travels at a speed greater than 2.5 miles per hour. (f) Brakes shall be provided for each wheel-mounted machine, unless design of the driving mechanism will preclude...

30 CFR 18.20 - Quality of material, workmanship, and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., circuits, arrangements, or combinations of components and materials cannot be foreseen, MSHA reserves the... provided on each mobile machine that travels at a speed greater than 2.5 miles per hour. (f) Brakes shall be provided for each wheel-mounted machine, unless design of the driving mechanism will preclude...

30 CFR 18.20 - Quality of material, workmanship, and design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., circuits, arrangements, or combinations of components and materials cannot be foreseen, MSHA reserves the... provided on each mobile machine that travels at a speed greater than 2.5 miles per hour. (f) Brakes shall be provided for each wheel-mounted machine, unless design of the driving mechanism will preclude...

ATM Technology Demonstration-1 Phase II Boeing Configurable Graphical Display (CGD) Software Design Description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilber, George F.

2017-01-01

This Software Description Document (SDD) captures the design for developing the Flight Interval Management (FIM) system Configurable Graphics Display (CGD) software. Specifically this SDD describes aspects of the Boeing CGD software and the surrounding context and interfaces. It does not describe the Honeywell components of the CGD system. The SDD provides the system overview, architectural design, and detailed design with all the necessary information to implement the Boeing components of the CGD software and integrate them into the CGD subsystem within the larger FIM system. Overall system and CGD system-level requirements are derived from the CGD SRS (in turn derived from the Boeing System Requirements Design Document (SRDD)). Display and look-and-feel requirements are derived from Human Machine Interface (HMI) design documents and working group recommendations. This Boeing CGD SDD is required to support the upcoming Critical Design Review (CDR).

Structure design of lower limb exoskeletons for gait training

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jianfeng; Zhang, Ziqiang; Tao, Chunjing; Ji, Run

2015-09-01

Due to the close physical interaction between human and machine in process of gait training, lower limb exoskeletons should be safe, comfortable and able to smoothly transfer desired driving force/moments to the patients. Correlatively, in kinematics the exoskeletons are required to be compatible with human lower limbs and thereby to avoid the uncontrollable interactional loads at the human-machine interfaces. Such requirement makes the structure design of exoskeletons very difficult because the human-machine closed chains are complicated. In addition, both the axis misalignments and the kinematic character difference between the exoskeleton and human joints should be taken into account. By analyzing the DOF(degree of freedom) of the whole human-machine closed chain, the human-machine kinematic incompatibility of lower limb exoskeletons is studied. An effective method for the structure design of lower limb exoskeletons, which are kinematically compatible with human lower limb, is proposed. Applying this method, the structure synthesis of the lower limb exoskeletons containing only one-DOF revolute and prismatic joints is investigated; the feasible basic structures of exoskeletons are developed and classified into three different categories. With the consideration of quasi-anthropopathic feature, structural simplicity and wearable comfort of lower limb exoskeletons, a joint replacement and structure comparison based approach to select the ideal structures of lower limb exoskeletons is proposed, by which three optimal exoskeleton structures are obtained. This paper indicates that the human-machine closed chain formed by the exoskeleton and human lower limb should be an even-constrained kinematic system in order to avoid the uncontrollable human-machine interactional loads. The presented method for the structure design of lower limb exoskeletons is universal and simple, and hence can be applied to other kinds of wearable exoskeletons.

FINAL REPORT. DOE Grant Award Number DE-SC0004062

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chiesa, Luisa

With the support of the DOE-OFES Early Career Award and the Tufts startup support the PI has developed experimental and analytical expertise on the electromechanical characterization of Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) and High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) for high magnetic field applications. These superconducting wires and cables are used in fusion and high-energy physics magnet applications. In a short period of time, the PI has built a laboratory and research group with unique capabilities that include both experimental and numerical modeling effort to improve the design and performance of superconducting cables and magnets. All the projects in the PI’s laboratory exploremore » the fundamental electromechanical behavior of superconductors but the types of materials, geometries and operating conditions are chosen to be directly relevant to real machines, in particular fusion machines like ITER.« less

The NATO thesaurus project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krueger, Jonathan

1990-01-01

This document describes functionality to be developed to support the NATO technical thesaurus. Described are the specificity of the thesaurus structure and function; the distinction between the thesaurus information and its representation in a given online, machine readable, or printed form; the enhancement of the thesaurus with the assignment of COSATI codes (fields and groups) to posting terms, the integration of DTIC DRIT and NASA thesauri related terminology, translation of posting terms into French; and the provision of a basis for system design.

Conceptual Study of Permanent Magnet Machine Ship Propulsion Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-12-01

cycloconverter subsystem is designed using advanced thyristors and can be either water or air cooled. The machine-cycloconverter, many-phase or parallel...Turnb, Phase, Poles, Air Gap ................................. 3-9 3-5 Machine Characteristics Versus Number of Poles (large machine, 40 000 hp). Poles...cylindrical permanent magnet generator forces the power conditioner to provide for both frequency change and voltage control. The complexity of this dual

Bidding-based autonomous process planning and scheduling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Peihua; Balasubramanian, Sivaram; Norrie, Douglas H.

1995-08-01

Improving productivity through computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS) and concurrent engineering requires that the islands of automation in an enterprise be completely integrated. The first step in this direction is to integrate design, process planning, and scheduling. This can be achieved through a bidding-based process planning approach. The product is represented in a STEP model with detailed design and administrative information including design specifications, batch size, and due dates. Upon arrival at the manufacturing facility, the product registered in the shop floor manager which is essentially a coordinating agent. The shop floor manager broadcasts the product's requirements to the machines. The shop contains autonomous machines that have knowledge about their functionality, capabilities, tooling, and schedule. Each machine has its own process planner and responds to the product's request in a different way that is consistent with its capabilities and capacities. When more than one machine offers certain process(es) for the same requirements, they enter into negotiation. Based on processing time, due date, and cost, one of the machines wins the contract. The successful machine updates its schedule and advises the product to request raw material for processing. The concept was implemented using a multi-agent system with the task decomposition and planning achieved through contract nets. The examples are included to illustrate the approach.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of different crown ferrule designs on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular premolars restored with fiber posts, composite cores, and crowns: An ex-vivo study

PubMed Central

Dua, Nikita; Kumar, Bhupendra; Arunagiri, D.; Iqbal, Mohammad; Pushpa, S.; Hussain, Juhi

2016-01-01

Introduction: In cases of severe hard tissue loss, 2 mm circumferential ferrule is difficult to achieve which leads to incorporation of different ferrule designs. Aim: To compare and evaluate the effect of different crown ferrule designs on the fracture resistance of mandibular premolars restored with fiber posts, composite cores, and crowns. Materials and Methods: Fifty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and divided into five groups: Group I - 2 mm circumferential ferrule above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ); Group II - 2 mm ferrule on the facial aspect above CEJ; Group III - 2 mm ferrule on the lingual aspect above CEJ; Group IV - 2 mm ferrule on the facial and lingual aspects above CEJ with interproximal concavities, and Group V - no ferrule (control group) and were later restored with fiber posts, composite cores, and crowns. Specimens were mounted on a universal testing machine, and compressive load was applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until fracture occurred. Results: The results showed that circumferential ferrule produced the highest mean fracture resistance and the least fracture resistance was found in the control group. Conclusion: Circumferential ferrule increases the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with bonded post, core, and crown. PMID:27217642

Online learning control using adaptive critic designs with sparse kernel machines.

PubMed

Xu, Xin; Hou, Zhongsheng; Lian, Chuanqiang; He, Haibo

2013-05-01

In the past decade, adaptive critic designs (ACDs), including heuristic dynamic programming (HDP), dual heuristic programming (DHP), and their action-dependent ones, have been widely studied to realize online learning control of dynamical systems. However, because neural networks with manually designed features are commonly used to deal with continuous state and action spaces, the generalization capability and learning efficiency of previous ACDs still need to be improved. In this paper, a novel framework of ACDs with sparse kernel machines is presented by integrating kernel methods into the critic of ACDs. To improve the generalization capability as well as the computational efficiency of kernel machines, a sparsification method based on the approximately linear dependence analysis is used. Using the sparse kernel machines, two kernel-based ACD algorithms, that is, kernel HDP (KHDP) and kernel DHP (KDHP), are proposed and their performance is analyzed both theoretically and empirically. Because of the representation learning and generalization capability of sparse kernel machines, KHDP and KDHP can obtain much better performance than previous HDP and DHP with manually designed neural networks. Simulation and experimental results of two nonlinear control problems, that is, a continuous-action inverted pendulum problem and a ball and plate control problem, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed kernel ACD methods.

High-speed machining of Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) panels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, J. A.

1983-01-01

Potential production rates and project cost savings achieved by converting the conventional machining process in manufacturing shuttle external tank panels to high speed machining (HSM) techniques were studied. Savings were projected from the comparison of current production rates with HSM rates and with rates attainable on new conventional machines. The HSM estimates were also based on rates attainable by retrofitting existing conventional equipment with high speed spindle motors and rates attainable using new state of the art machines designed and built for HSM.

Design and Development of an Engineering Prototype Compact X-Ray Scanner (FMS 5000)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-31

machined by "wire-EDM" (electro discharge machining ). Three different slice thicknesses can be selected from the scan menu. The set of slice thicknesses...circuit. This type of circuit is used whenever more than ten kilowatts of power are needed by a machine . For example, lathes and milling machines in a... machine shop usually use this type of input power. A three- phase circuit delivers power more efficiently than a single-phase circuit because three

Vane Pump Casing Machining of Dumpling Machine Based on CAD/CAM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Yusen; Li, Shilong; Li, Chengcheng; Yang, Zhen

Automatic dumpling forming machine is also called dumpling machine, which makes dumplings through mechanical motions. This paper adopts the stuffing delivery mechanism featuring the improved and specially-designed vane pump casing, which can contribute to the formation of dumplings. Its 3D modeling in Pro/E software, machining process planning, milling path optimization, simulation based on UG and compiling post program were introduced and verified. The results indicated that adoption of CAD/CAM offers firms the potential to pursue new innovative strategies.

Influence of different luting protocols on shear bond strength of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing resin nanoceramic material to dentin

PubMed Central

Poggio, Claudio; Pigozzo, Marco; Ceci, Matteo; Scribante, Andrea; Beltrami, Riccardo; Chiesa, Marco

2016-01-01

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different luting protocols on shear bond strength of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin nanoceramic (RNC) material to dentin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 30 disks were milled from RNC blocks (Lava Ultimate/3M ESPE) with CAD/CAM technology. The disks were subsequently cemented to the exposed dentin of 30 recently extracted bovine permanent mandibular incisors. The specimens were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10 teeth each. In Group 1, disks were cemented using a total-etch protocol (Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant phosphoric acid + Scotchbond Universal Adhesive + RelyX™ Ultimate conventional resin cement); in Group 2, disks were cemented using a self-etch protocol (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive + RelyX™ Ultimate conventional resin cement); in Group 3, disks were cemented using a self-adhesive protocol (RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix self-adhesive resin cement). All cemented specimens were placed in a universal testing machine (Instron Universal Testing Machine 3343) and submitted to a shear bond strength test to check the strength of adhesion between the two substrates, dentin, and RNC disks. Specimens were stressed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey's test at a level of significance of 0.05. Results: Post-hoc Tukey testing showed that the highest shear strength values (P < 0.001) were reported in Group 2. The lowest data (P < 0.001) were recorded in Group 3. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, conventional resin cements (coupled with etch and rinse or self-etch adhesives) showed better shear strength values compared to self-adhesive resin cements. Furthermore, conventional resin cements used together with a self-etch adhesive reported the highest values of adhesion. PMID:27076822

Influence of different luting protocols on shear bond strength of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing resin nanoceramic material to dentin.

PubMed

Poggio, Claudio; Pigozzo, Marco; Ceci, Matteo; Scribante, Andrea; Beltrami, Riccardo; Chiesa, Marco

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different luting protocols on shear bond strength of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin nanoceramic (RNC) material to dentin. In this in vitro study, 30 disks were milled from RNC blocks (Lava Ultimate/3M ESPE) with CAD/CAM technology. The disks were subsequently cemented to the exposed dentin of 30 recently extracted bovine permanent mandibular incisors. The specimens were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10 teeth each. In Group 1, disks were cemented using a total-etch protocol (Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant phosphoric acid + Scotchbond Universal Adhesive + RelyX™ Ultimate conventional resin cement); in Group 2, disks were cemented using a self-etch protocol (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive + RelyX™ Ultimate conventional resin cement); in Group 3, disks were cemented using a self-adhesive protocol (RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix self-adhesive resin cement). All cemented specimens were placed in a universal testing machine (Instron Universal Testing Machine 3343) and submitted to a shear bond strength test to check the strength of adhesion between the two substrates, dentin, and RNC disks. Specimens were stressed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey's test at a level of significance of 0.05. Post-hoc Tukey testing showed that the highest shear strength values (P < 0.001) were reported in Group 2. The lowest data (P < 0.001) were recorded in Group 3. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, conventional resin cements (coupled with etch and rinse or self-etch adhesives) showed better shear strength values compared to self-adhesive resin cements. Furthermore, conventional resin cements used together with a self-etch adhesive reported the highest values of adhesion.

Effect of Different Types of Toothpaste on the Frictional Resistance Between Orthodontic Stainless Steel Brackets and Wires.

PubMed

Hosseinzadeh Nik, Tahereh; Hooshmand, Tabassom; Farhadifard, Homa

2017-09-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of toothpaste on the frictional resistance between stainless steel brackets and archwires. Ninety stainless steel orthodontic brackets with stainless steel wires were bonded to bovine teeth and were divided into 6 groups for application of the following toothpastes: Colgate® Total® Advanced Whitening, Colgate® Total® Pro Gum Health, Colgate® Anticavity, Ortho.Kin®, and Sunstar GUM® Ortho toothpastes. No toothpaste was applied in the control group. Each group was brushed by a brushing machine with the use of the designated solution for 4.5 minutes. The frictional force was measured in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/minute over a 5-mm archwire. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 significance level. The frictional resistance values of Ortho.Kin® and GUM® Ortho toothpastes and the control group were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences between the frictional resistance values of Colgate® Total® Pro Gum Health and Colgate® Anticavity toothpastes with that of the control group (P<0.05). The highest and lowest frictional resistance values were related to Colgate® Total® Pro Gum Health toothpaste and the control group, respectively. Among the evaluated toothpastes, the orthodontic toothpastes did not increase the frictional resistance between the orthodontic stainless steel brackets and wires.

Latin-square three-dimensional gage master

DOEpatents

Jones, L.

1981-05-12

A gage master for coordinate measuring machines has an nxn array of objects distributed in the Z coordinate utilizing the concept of a Latin square experimental design. Using analysis of variance techniques, the invention may be used to identify sources of error in machine geometry and quantify machine accuracy.

Latin square three dimensional gage master

DOEpatents

Jones, Lynn L.

1982-01-01

A gage master for coordinate measuring machines has an nxn array of objects distributed in the Z coordinate utilizing the concept of a Latin square experimental design. Using analysis of variance techniques, the invention may be used to identify sources of error in machine geometry and quantify machine accuracy.

Machine intelligence and robotics: Report of the NASA study group

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Opportunities for the application of machine intelligence and robotics in NASA missions and systems were identified. The benefits of successful adoption of machine intelligence and robotics techniques were estimated and forecasts were prepared to show their growth potential. Program options for research, advanced development, and implementation of machine intelligence and robot technology for use in program planning are presented.

Distributed collaborative probabilistic design for turbine blade-tip radial running clearance using support vector machine of regression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fei, Cheng-Wei; Bai, Guang-Chen

2014-12-01

To improve the computational precision and efficiency of probabilistic design for mechanical dynamic assembly like the blade-tip radial running clearance (BTRRC) of gas turbine, a distribution collaborative probabilistic design method-based support vector machine of regression (SR)(called as DCSRM) is proposed by integrating distribution collaborative response surface method and support vector machine regression model. The mathematical model of DCSRM is established and the probabilistic design idea of DCSRM is introduced. The dynamic assembly probabilistic design of aeroengine high-pressure turbine (HPT) BTRRC is accomplished to verify the proposed DCSRM. The analysis results reveal that the optimal static blade-tip clearance of HPT is gained for designing BTRRC, and improving the performance and reliability of aeroengine. The comparison of methods shows that the DCSRM has high computational accuracy and high computational efficiency in BTRRC probabilistic analysis. The present research offers an effective way for the reliability design of mechanical dynamic assembly and enriches mechanical reliability theory and method.

Analysis and design of asymmetrical reluctance machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harianto, Cahya A.

Over the past few decades the induction machine has been chosen for many applications due to its structural simplicity and low manufacturing cost. However, modest torque density and control challenges have motivated researchers to find alternative machines. The permanent magnet synchronous machine has been viewed as one of the alternatives because it features higher torque density for a given loss than the induction machine. However, the assembly and permanent magnet material cost, along with safety under fault conditions, have been concerns for this class of machine. An alternative machine type, namely the asymmetrical reluctance machine, is proposed in this work. Since the proposed machine is of the reluctance machine type, it possesses desirable feature, such as near absence of rotor losses, low assembly cost, low no-load rotational losses, modest torque ripple, and rather benign fault conditions. Through theoretical analysis performed herein, it is shown that this machine has a higher torque density for a given loss than typical reluctance machines, although not as high as the permanent magnet machines. Thus, the asymmetrical reluctance machine is a viable and advantageous machine alternative where the use of permanent magnet machines are undesirable.

The Effect of Cavity Design on Fracture Resistance and Failure Pattern in Monolithic Zirconia Partial Coverage Restorations - An In vitro Study.

PubMed

Harsha, Madhavareddy Sri; Praffulla, Mynampati; Babu, Mandava Ramesh; Leneena, Gudugunta; Krishna, Tejavath Sai; Divya, G

2017-05-01

Cavity preparations of posterior teeth have been frequently associated with decreased fracture strength of the teeth. Choosing the correct indirect restoration and the cavity design when restoring the posterior teeth i.e., premolars was difficult as it involves aesthetic, biomechanical and anatomical considerations. To evaluate the fracture resistance and failure pattern of three different cavity designs restored with monolithic zirconia. Human maxillary premolars atraumatically extracted for orthodontic reasons were chosen. A total of 40 teeth were selected and divided into four groups (n=10). Group I-Sound teeth (control with no preparation). Group II-MOD Inlay, Group III-Partial Onlay, Group IV-Complete Onlay. Restorations were fabricated with monolithic partially sintered zirconia CAD (SAGEMAX- NexxZr). All the 30 samples were cemented using Multilink Automix (Ivoclar) and subjected to fracture resistance testing using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) (Instron) with a steel ball of 3.5 mm diameter at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Stereomicroscope was used to evaluate the modes of failure of the fractured specimen. Fracture resistance was tested using parametric one way ANOVA test, unpaired t-test and Tukey test. Fracture patterns were assessed using non-parametric Chi-square test. Group IV (Complete Onlay) presented highest fracture resistance and showed statistical significant difference. Group II (MOD Inlay) and Group III (Partial Onlay) showed significantly lower values than the Group I (Sound teeth). However, Groups I, II and III presented no significant difference from each other. Coming to the modes of failure, Group II (MOD Inlay) and Group III (Partial Onlay) presented mixed type of failures; Group IV (Complete Onlay) demonstrated 70% Type I failures. Of the three cavity designs evaluated, Complete Onlay had shown a significant increase in the fracture resistance than the Sound teeth.

Development of hand rehabilitation system for paralysis patient - universal design using wire-driven mechanism.

PubMed

Yamaura, Hiroshi; Matsushita, Kojiro; Kato, Ryu; Yokoi, Hiroshi

2009-01-01

We have developed a hand rehabilitation system for patients suffering from paralysis or contracture. It consists of two components: a hand rehabilitation machine, which moves human finger joints with motors, and a data glove, which provides control of the movement of finger joints attached to the rehabilitation machine. The machine is based on the arm structure type of hand rehabilitation machine; a motor indirectly moves a finger joint via a closed four-link mechanism. We employ a wire-driven mechanism and develop a compact design that can control all three joints (i.e., PIP, DIP and MP ) of a finger and that offers a wider range of joint motion than conventional systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate the hand rehabilitation process, finger joints of the left hand attached to the machine are controlled by the finger joints of the right hand wearing the data glove.

Data Mining at NASA: From Theory to Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Srivastava, Ashok N.

2009-01-01

This slide presentation demonstrates the data mining/machine learning capabilities of NASA Ames and Intelligent Data Understanding (IDU) group. This will encompass the work done recently in the group by various group members. The IDU group develops novel algorithms to detect, classify, and predict events in large data streams for scientific and engineering systems. This presentation for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining 2009 is to demonstrate the data mining/machine learning capabilities of NASA Ames and IDU group. This will encompass the work done re cently in the group by various group members.

System software for the finite element machine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crockett, T. W.; Knott, J. D.

1985-01-01

The Finite Element Machine is an experimental parallel computer developed at Langley Research Center to investigate the application of concurrent processing to structural engineering analysis. This report describes system-level software which has been developed to facilitate use of the machine by applications researchers. The overall software design is outlined, and several important parallel processing issues are discussed in detail, including processor management, communication, synchronization, and input/output. Based on experience using the system, the hardware architecture and software design are critiqued, and areas for further work are suggested.

Design considerations for ultra-precision magnetic bearing supported slides

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slocum, Alexander H.; Eisenhaure, David B.

1993-01-01

Development plans for a prototype servocontrolled machine with 1 angstrom resolution of linear motion and 50 mm range of travel are described. Two such devices could then be combined to produce a two dimensional machine for probing large planar objects with atomic resolution, the Angstrom Resolution Measuring Machine (ARMM).

29 CFR 1926.303 - Abrasive wheels and tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and tools. (a) Power. All grinding machines shall be supplied with sufficient power to maintain the spindle speed at safe levels under all conditions of normal operation. (b) Guarding. (1) Grinding machines..., nut, and outer flange may be exposed on machines designed as portable saws. (c) Use of abrasive wheels...

29 CFR 1926.303 - Abrasive wheels and tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and tools. (a) Power. All grinding machines shall be supplied with sufficient power to maintain the spindle speed at safe levels under all conditions of normal operation. (b) Guarding. (1) Grinding machines..., nut, and outer flange may be exposed on machines designed as portable saws. (c) Use of abrasive wheels...

29 CFR 1926.303 - Abrasive wheels and tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... and tools. (a) Power. All grinding machines shall be supplied with sufficient power to maintain the spindle speed at safe levels under all conditions of normal operation. (b) Guarding. (1) Grinding machines..., nut, and outer flange may be exposed on machines designed as portable saws. (c) Use of abrasive wheels...

Industrial Arts Curriculum Guide for Automated Machining in Metals Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1985

This curriculum guide is designed to be used for creating programs in automated machining education in Connecticut. The first sections of the guide are introductory, explaining the importance of computer-numerically controlled machines, describing the industrial arts scope and sequence for kindergarten through adult levels, describing the…

Human-like machines: Transparency and comprehensibility.

PubMed

Patrzyk, Piotr M; Link, Daniela; Marewski, Julian N

2017-01-01

Artificial intelligence algorithms seek inspiration from human cognitive systems in areas where humans outperform machines. But on what level should algorithms try to approximate human cognition? We argue that human-like machines should be designed to make decisions in transparent and comprehensible ways, which can be achieved by accurately mirroring human cognitive processes.

Man-Machine Communication Through a Teletypewriter.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rubinoff, Morris

A ten-year research study designed a mechanized information system in the information processing field. Special attention was paid to implementation criteria entering into on-line retrieval through man-machine dialog from a remote typewriter or video terminal and four major areas were investigated: search strategies, machine stored indexer aids,…

Machine Shop. Performance Objectives. Basic Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hilton, Arthur; Lambert, George

Several intermediate performance objectives and corresponding criterion measures are listed for each of 13 terminal objectives for a high school basic machine shop course. The materials were developed for a 36-week course (2 hours daily) designed to enable students to become familiar with the operation of machine shop equipment, to become familiar…

Nozzle Extension for Safety Air Gun

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zumbrun, H. N.; Croom, Delwin R., Jr.

1986-01-01

New nozzle-extension design overcomes problems and incorporates original commercial nozzle, retaining intrinsic safety features. Components include extension tube, length of which made to suit application; adaptor fitting, and nozzle adaptor repinned to maintain original safety features. Design moves conical airstream to end of extension to blow machine chips away from operator. Nozzle-extension modification allows safe and efficient operation of machine tools while maintaining integrity of orginial safety-air-gun design.

Design features of fans, blowers, and compressors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheremisinoff, N. P.; Cheremisinoff, P. N.

Fan engineering and compression machines are discussed. Basic aspects of fan performance and design are reviewed, and the design and performance characteristics of radial-flow fans, axial-flow fans, and controllable pitch fans are examined in detail. Air-conditioning systems are discussed, and noise, vibration, and mechanical considerations in fans are extensively examined. The thermodynamic principles governing compression machines are reviewed, and piston compressors, rotary compressors, blowers, and centrifugal compressors are discussed.

30 CFR 18.48 - Circuit-interrupting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... two-pole switch of the “dead-man-control” type that must be held closed by hand and will open when hand pressure is released. (e) A machine designed to operate from both trolley wire and portable cable.... Such a switch shall be designed to prevent electrical connection to the machine frame when the cable is...

30 CFR 18.48 - Circuit-interrupting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... two-pole switch of the “dead-man-control” type that must be held closed by hand and will open when hand pressure is released. (e) A machine designed to operate from both trolley wire and portable cable.... Such a switch shall be designed to prevent electrical connection to the machine frame when the cable is...

An Analysis of Heavy-Ion Single Event Effects for a Variety of Finite State-Machine Mitigation Strategies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Berg, Melanie D.; Label, Kenneth A.; Kim, Hak; Phan, Anthony; Seidleck, Christina

2014-01-01

Finite state-machines (FSMs) are used to control operational flow in application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices. Because of their ease of interpretation, FSMs simplify the design and verification process and consequently are significant components in a synchronous design.

THE DESIGN OF A MAN-MACHINE COUNSELING SYSTEM. A PROFESSIONAL PAPER.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

COGSWELL, J.F.; AND OTHERS

TWO PROJECTS ON THE DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION OF A MAN-MACHINE SYSTEM FOR COUNSELING IN THE PALO ALTO AND LOS ANGELES SCHOOL DISTRICTS ARE REPORTED. THE EARLIER PHILCO 2000 COMPUTER PROGRAMS SIMULATED A COUNSELOR'S WORK IN THE EDUCATIONAL PLANNING INTERVIEW BY ACCEPTING INPUTS SUCH AS SCHOOL GRADES, TEST SCORES, AND…

Modeling and Analysis of High Torque Density Transverse Flux Machines for Direct-Drive Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasan, Iftekhar

Commercially available permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) typically use rare-earth-based permanent magnets (PM). However, volatility and uncertainty associated with the supply and cost of rare-earth magnets have caused a push for increased research into the development of non-rare-earth based PM machines and reluctance machines. Compared to other PMSM topologies, the Transverse Flux Machine (TFM) is a promising candidate to get higher torque densities at low speed for direct-drive applications, using non-rare-earth based PMs. The TFMs can be designed with a very small pole pitch which allows them to attain higher force density than conventional radial flux machines (RFM) and axial flux machines (AFM). This dissertation presents the modeling, electromagnetic design, vibration analysis, and prototype development of a novel non-rare-earth based PM-TFM for a direct-drive wind turbine application. The proposed TFM addresses the issues of low power factor, cogging torque, and torque ripple during the electromagnetic design phase. An improved Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) based analytical model was developed as an alternative to the time-consuming 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for faster electromagnetic analysis of the TFM. The accuracy and reliability of the MEC model were verified, both with 3D-FEA and experimental results. The improved MEC model was integrated with a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to further enhance the capability of the analytical tool for performing rigorous optimization of performance-sensitive machine design parameters to extract the highest torque density for rated speed. A novel concept of integrating the rotary transformer within the proposed TFM design was explored to completely eliminate the use of magnets from the TFM. While keeping the same machine envelope, and without changing the stator or rotor cores, the primary and secondary of a rotary transformer were embedded into the double-sided TFM. The proposed structure allowed for improved flux-weakening capabilities of the TFM for wide speed operations. The electromagnetic design feature of stator pole shaping was used to address the issue of cogging torque and torque ripple in 3-phase TFM. The slant-pole tooth-face in the stator showed significant improvements in cogging torque and torque ripple performance during the 3-phase FEA analysis of the TFM. A detailed structural analysis for the proposed TFM was done prior to the prototype development to validate the structural integrity of the TFM design at rated and maximum speed operation. Vibration performance of the TFM was investigated to determine the structural performance of the TFM under resonance. The prototype for the proposed TFM was developed at the Alternative Energy Laboratory of the University of Akron. The working prototype is a testament to the feasibility of developing and implementing the novel TFM design proposed in this research. Experiments were performed to validate the 3D-FEA electromagnetic and vibration performance result.

Lunar Regolith Bagging System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Sebrina; Lundberg, Kimberly; Mcgarity, Ginger; Silverman, Philip

1990-01-01

A regolith container to be used as a fundamental building block in radiation protection of a habitable lunar base was designed. Parameters for the container are its: size, shape, material, and structural design. Also, a machine was designed to fill the regolith container which is capable of grasping and opening an empty container, filling it, closing it when full, and depositing it on the surface of the Moon. The simple design will bag lunar soil in a relatively short amount of time, with a low equipment weight, and with moving parts distanced from the dirt. The bags are made out of Kevlar 149 with a fabric weight of 6 oz. per square yard. All machine parts are composed of aluminum 6061-T6. Assuming that the vehicle runs at 7 km/hr for 8 hours a day, the machine will bag the necessary 450 cu m of soil in about 12 days. The total mass of the bags and the machine to be shipped to the Moon will be 687 kg. The cost of shipping this weight will be $6.23 million.

Robotic devices and brain-machine interfaces for hand rehabilitation post-stroke.

PubMed

McConnell, Alistair C; Moioli, Renan C; Brasil, Fabricio L; Vallejo, Marta; Corne, David W; Vargas, Patricia A; Stokes, Adam A

2017-06-28

To review the state of the art of robotic-aided hand physiotherapy for post-stroke rehabilitation, including the use of brain-machine interfaces. Each patient has a unique clinical history and, in response to personalized treatment needs, research into individualized and at-home treatment options has expanded rapidly in recent years. This has resulted in the development of many devices and design strategies for use in stroke rehabilitation. The development progression of robotic-aided hand physiotherapy devices and brain-machine interface systems is outlined, focussing on those with mechanisms and control strategies designed to improve recovery outcomes of the hand post-stroke. A total of 110 commercial and non-commercial hand and wrist devices, spanning the 2 major core designs: end-effector and exoskeleton are reviewed. The growing body of evidence on the efficacy and relevance of incorporating brain-machine interfaces in stroke rehabilitation is summarized. The challenges involved in integrating robotic rehabilitation into the healthcare system are discussed. This review provides novel insights into the use of robotics in physiotherapy practice, and may help system designers to develop new devices.

Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis of mobile harvesting equipment and sediment delivery to streams during forest harvest operations on steep terrain: Experimental design

Treesearch

Daniel Bowker; Jeff Stringer; Chris Barton; Songlin Fei

2011-01-01

Sediment mobilized by forest harvest machine traffic contributes substantially to the degradation of headwater stream systems. This study monitored forest harvest machine traffic to analyze how it affects sediment delivery to stream channels. Harvest machines were outfitted with global positioning system (GPS) dataloggers, recording machine movements and working status...

Operational results for the experimental DOE/NASA Mod-OA wind turbine project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaltens, R. K.; Birchenough, A. G.

The Mod-OA wind turbine project which was to gain early experience in the operation of large wind turbines in a utility environment is discussed. The Mod-OA wind turbines were a first generation design, and even though not cost effective, the operating experience and performance characteristics had a significant effect on the design and development of the second and third generation machines. The Mod-OA machines were modified as a result of the operational experience, particularly the blade development and control system strategy. The results of study to investigate the interaction of a Mod-OA wind turbine with an isolated diesel generation system are discussed. The machine configuration, its advantages and disadvantages and the machine performance and availability are discussed.

Operational results for the experimental DOE/NASA Mod-OA wind turbine project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shaltens, R. K.; Birchenough, A. G.

1983-01-01

The Mod-OA wind turbine project which was to gain early experience in the operation of large wind turbines in a utility environment is discussed. The Mod-OA wind turbines were a first generation design, and even though not cost effective, the operating experience and performance characteristics had a significant effect on the design and development of the second and third generation machines. The Mod-OA machines were modified as a result of the operational experience, particularly the blade development and control system strategy. The results of study to investigate the interaction of a Mod-OA wind turbine with an isolated diesel generation system are discussed. The machine configuration, its advantages and disadvantages and the machine performance and availability are discussed.

Machine Learning: A Crucial Tool for Sensor Design

PubMed Central

Zhao, Weixiang; Bhushan, Abhinav; Santamaria, Anthony D.; Simon, Melinda G.; Davis, Cristina E.

2009-01-01

Sensors have been widely used for disease diagnosis, environmental quality monitoring, food quality control, industrial process analysis and control, and other related fields. As a key tool for sensor data analysis, machine learning is becoming a core part of novel sensor design. Dividing a complete machine learning process into three steps: data pre-treatment, feature extraction and dimension reduction, and system modeling, this paper provides a review of the methods that are widely used for each step. For each method, the principles and the key issues that affect modeling results are discussed. After reviewing the potential problems in machine learning processes, this paper gives a summary of current algorithms in this field and provides some feasible directions for future studies. PMID:20191110

IPAD applications to the design, analysis, and/or machining of aerospace structures. [Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blackburn, C. L.; Dovi, A. R.; Kurtze, W. L.; Storaasli, O. O.

1981-01-01

A computer software system for the processing and integration of engineering data and programs, called IPAD (Integrated Programs for Aerospace-Vehicle Design), is described. The ability of the system to relieve the engineer of the mundane task of input data preparation is demonstrated by the application of a prototype system to the design, analysis, and/or machining of three simple structures. Future work to further enhance the system's automated data handling and ability to handle larger and more varied design problems are also presented.

Single-machine group scheduling problems with deteriorating and learning effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xingong, Zhang; Yong, Wang; Shikun, Bai

2016-07-01

The concepts of deteriorating jobs and learning effects have been individually studied in many scheduling problems. However, most studies considering the deteriorating and learning effects ignore the fact that production efficiency can be increased by grouping various parts and products with similar designs and/or production processes. This phenomenon is known as 'group technology' in the literature. In this paper, a new group scheduling model with deteriorating and learning effects is proposed, where learning effect depends not only on job position, but also on the position of the corresponding job group; deteriorating effect depends on its starting time of the job. This paper shows that the makespan and the total completion time problems remain polynomial optimal solvable under the proposed model. In addition, a polynomial optimal solution is also presented to minimise the maximum lateness problem under certain agreeable restriction.

Nanowire nanocomputer as a finite-state machine.

PubMed

Yao, Jun; Yan, Hao; Das, Shamik; Klemic, James F; Ellenbogen, James C; Lieber, Charles M

2014-02-18

Implementation of complex computer circuits assembled from the bottom up and integrated on the nanometer scale has long been a goal of electronics research. It requires a design and fabrication strategy that can address individual nanometer-scale electronic devices, while enabling large-scale assembly of those devices into highly organized, integrated computational circuits. We describe how such a strategy has led to the design, construction, and demonstration of a nanoelectronic finite-state machine. The system was fabricated using a design-oriented approach enabled by a deterministic, bottom-up assembly process that does not require individual nanowire registration. This methodology allowed construction of the nanoelectronic finite-state machine through modular design using a multitile architecture. Each tile/module consists of two interconnected crossbar nanowire arrays, with each cross-point consisting of a programmable nanowire transistor node. The nanoelectronic finite-state machine integrates 180 programmable nanowire transistor nodes in three tiles or six total crossbar arrays, and incorporates both sequential and arithmetic logic, with extensive intertile and intratile communication that exhibits rigorous input/output matching. Our system realizes the complete 2-bit logic flow and clocked control over state registration that are required for a finite-state machine or computer. The programmable multitile circuit was also reprogrammed to a functionally distinct 2-bit full adder with 32-set matched and complete logic output. These steps forward and the ability of our unique design-oriented deterministic methodology to yield more extensive multitile systems suggest that proposed general-purpose nanocomputers can be realized in the near future.

Nanowire nanocomputer as a finite-state machine

PubMed Central

Yao, Jun; Yan, Hao; Das, Shamik; Klemic, James F.; Ellenbogen, James C.; Lieber, Charles M.

2014-01-01

Implementation of complex computer circuits assembled from the bottom up and integrated on the nanometer scale has long been a goal of electronics research. It requires a design and fabrication strategy that can address individual nanometer-scale electronic devices, while enabling large-scale assembly of those devices into highly organized, integrated computational circuits. We describe how such a strategy has led to the design, construction, and demonstration of a nanoelectronic finite-state machine. The system was fabricated using a design-oriented approach enabled by a deterministic, bottom–up assembly process that does not require individual nanowire registration. This methodology allowed construction of the nanoelectronic finite-state machine through modular design using a multitile architecture. Each tile/module consists of two interconnected crossbar nanowire arrays, with each cross-point consisting of a programmable nanowire transistor node. The nanoelectronic finite-state machine integrates 180 programmable nanowire transistor nodes in three tiles or six total crossbar arrays, and incorporates both sequential and arithmetic logic, with extensive intertile and intratile communication that exhibits rigorous input/output matching. Our system realizes the complete 2-bit logic flow and clocked control over state registration that are required for a finite-state machine or computer. The programmable multitile circuit was also reprogrammed to a functionally distinct 2-bit full adder with 32-set matched and complete logic output. These steps forward and the ability of our unique design-oriented deterministic methodology to yield more extensive multitile systems suggest that proposed general-purpose nanocomputers can be realized in the near future. PMID:24469812

A randomized controlled trial of chair interventions on back and hip pain among sewing machine operators: the los angeles garment study.

PubMed

Wang, Pin-Chieh; Ritz, Beate R; Janowitz, Ira; Harrison, Robert J; Yu, Fei; Chan, Jacqueline; Rempel, David M

2008-03-01

Determine whether an adjustable chair with a curved or a flat seat pan improved monthly back and hip pain scores in sewing machine operators. This 4-month intervention study randomized 293 sewing machine operators with back and hip pain. The participants in the control group received a placebo intervention, and participants in the intervention groups received the placebo intervention and one of the two intervention chairs. Compared with the control group, mean pain improvement for the flat chair intervention was 0.43 points (95% CI = 0.34, 0.51) per month, and mean pain improvement for the curved chair intervention was 0.25 points (95% CI = 0.16, 0.34) per month. A height-adjustable task chair with a swivel function can reduce back and hip pain in sewing machine operators. The findings may be relevant to workers who perform visual- and hand-intensive manufacturing jobs.

A Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches for Corn Yield Estimation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, N.; Lee, Y. W.

2017-12-01

Machine learning is an efficient empirical method for classification and prediction, and it is another approach to crop yield estimation. The objective of this study is to estimate corn yield in the Midwestern United States by employing the machine learning approaches such as the support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and deep neural networks (DNN), and to perform the comprehensive comparison for their results. We constructed the database using satellite images from MODIS, the climate data of PRISM climate group, and GLDAS soil moisture data. In addition, to examine the seasonal sensitivities of corn yields, two period groups were set up: May to September (MJJAS) and July and August (JA). In overall, the DNN showed the highest accuracies in term of the correlation coefficient for the two period groups. The differences between our predictions and USDA yield statistics were about 10-11 %.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Internal Adaptations of Crowns Cast from Resin Patterns Fabricated Using Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Assisted Manufacturing Technologies.

PubMed

Liu, Yushu; Ye, Hongqiang; Wang, Yong; Zhao, Yijao; Sun, Yuchun; Zhou, Yongsheng

2018-05-17

To evaluate the internal adaptations of cast crowns made from resin patterns produced using three different computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing technologies. A full-crown abutment made of zirconia was digitized using an intraoral scanner, and the design of the crown was finished on the digital model. Resin patterns were fabricated using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer (LT group), a digital light projection (DLP) 3D printer (EV group), or a five-axis milling machine (ZT group). All patterns were cast in cobalt-chromium alloy crowns. Crowns made from traditional handmade wax patterns (HM group) were used as controls. Each group contained 10 samples. The internal gaps of the patterns were analyzed using a 3D replica method and optical digitization. The results were compared using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA), a one-sample t test, and signed rank test (α = .05). For the LT group, the marginal and axial gaps were significantly larger than in the other three groups (P < .05), but the occlusal adaptation did not reveal a significant difference (P > .05). In the ZT group, the axial gap was slightly smaller than in the HM group (P < .0083). All the means of gaps in all areas in the four groups were less than 150 μm. Casting crowns using casting patterns made from all three CAD/CAM systems could not produce the prescribed parameters, but the crowns showed clinically acceptable internal adaptations.

Virtual Manufacturing Techniques Designed and Applied to Manufacturing Activities in the Manufacturing Integration and Technology Branch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shearrow, Charles A.

1999-01-01

One of the identified goals of EM3 is to implement virtual manufacturing by the time the year 2000 has ended. To realize this goal of a true virtual manufacturing enterprise the initial development of a machinability database and the infrastructure must be completed. This will consist of the containment of the existing EM-NET problems and developing machine, tooling, and common materials databases. To integrate the virtual manufacturing enterprise with normal day to day operations the development of a parallel virtual manufacturing machinability database, virtual manufacturing database, virtual manufacturing paradigm, implementation/integration procedure, and testable verification models must be constructed. Common and virtual machinability databases will include the four distinct areas of machine tools, available tooling, common machine tool loads, and a materials database. The machine tools database will include the machine envelope, special machine attachments, tooling capacity, location within NASA-JSC or with a contractor, and availability/scheduling. The tooling database will include available standard tooling, custom in-house tooling, tool properties, and availability. The common materials database will include materials thickness ranges, strengths, types, and their availability. The virtual manufacturing databases will consist of virtual machines and virtual tooling directly related to the common and machinability databases. The items to be completed are the design and construction of the machinability databases, virtual manufacturing paradigm for NASA-JSC, implementation timeline, VNC model of one bridge mill and troubleshoot existing software and hardware problems with EN4NET. The final step of this virtual manufacturing project will be to integrate other production sites into the databases bringing JSC's EM3 into a position of becoming a clearing house for NASA's digital manufacturing needs creating a true virtual manufacturing enterprise.

Walking robot: A design project for undergraduate students

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

The design and construction of the University of Maryland walking machine was completed during the 1989 to 1990 academic year. It was required that the machine be capable of completing a number of tasks including walking a straight line, turning to change direction, and manuevering over an obstacle such as a set of stairs. The machine consists of two sets of four telescoping legs that alternately support the entire structure. A gear box and crank arm assembly is connected to the leg sets to provide the power required for the translational motion of the machine. By retracting all eight legs, the robot comes to rest on a central Bigfoot support. Turning is accomplished by rotating this machine about this support. The machine can be controlled by using either a user-operated remote tether or the onboard computer for the execution of control commands. Absolute encoders are attached to all motors to provide the control computer with information regarding the status of the motors. Long and short range infrared sensors provide the computer with feedback information regarding the machine's position relative to a series of stripes and reflectors. These infrared sensors simulate how the robot might sense and gain information about the environment of Mars.

Machine vision systems using machine learning for industrial product inspection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Yi; Chen, Tie Q.; Chen, Jie; Zhang, Jian; Tisler, Anthony

2002-02-01

Machine vision inspection requires efficient processing time and accurate results. In this paper, we present a machine vision inspection architecture, SMV (Smart Machine Vision). SMV decomposes a machine vision inspection problem into two stages, Learning Inspection Features (LIF), and On-Line Inspection (OLI). The LIF is designed to learn visual inspection features from design data and/or from inspection products. During the OLI stage, the inspection system uses the knowledge learnt by the LIF component to inspect the visual features of products. In this paper we will present two machine vision inspection systems developed under the SMV architecture for two different types of products, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and Vacuum Florescent Displaying (VFD) boards. In the VFD board inspection system, the LIF component learns inspection features from a VFD board and its displaying patterns. In the PCB board inspection system, the LIF learns the inspection features from the CAD file of a PCB board. In both systems, the LIF component also incorporates interactive learning to make the inspection system more powerful and efficient. The VFD system has been deployed successfully in three different manufacturing companies and the PCB inspection system is the process of being deployed in a manufacturing plant.

[Research on infrared safety protection system for machine tool].

PubMed

Zhang, Shuan-Ji; Zhang, Zhi-Ling; Yan, Hui-Ying; Wang, Song-De

2008-04-01

In order to ensure personal safety and prevent injury accident in machine tool operation, an infrared machine tool safety system was designed with infrared transmitting-receiving module, memory self-locked relay and voice recording-playing module. When the operator does not enter the danger area, the system has no response. Once the operator's whole or part of body enters the danger area and shades the infrared beam, the system will alarm and output an control signal to the machine tool executive element, and at the same time, the system makes the machine tool emergency stop to prevent equipment damaged and person injured. The system has a module framework, and has many advantages including safety, reliability, common use, circuit simplicity, maintenance convenience, low power consumption, low costs, working stability, easy debugging, vibration resistance and interference resistance. It is suitable for being installed and used in different machine tools such as punch machine, pour plastic machine, digital control machine, armor plate cutting machine, pipe bending machine, oil pressure machine etc.

Three-dimensionally printed biological machines powered by skeletal muscle.

PubMed

Cvetkovic, Caroline; Raman, Ritu; Chan, Vincent; Williams, Brian J; Tolish, Madeline; Bajaj, Piyush; Sakar, Mahmut Selman; Asada, H Harry; Saif, M Taher A; Bashir, Rashid

2014-07-15

Combining biological components, such as cells and tissues, with soft robotics can enable the fabrication of biological machines with the ability to sense, process signals, and produce force. An intuitive demonstration of a biological machine is one that can produce motion in response to controllable external signaling. Whereas cardiac cell-driven biological actuators have been demonstrated, the requirements of these machines to respond to stimuli and exhibit controlled movement merit the use of skeletal muscle, the primary generator of actuation in animals, as a contractile power source. Here, we report the development of 3D printed hydrogel "bio-bots" with an asymmetric physical design and powered by the actuation of an engineered mammalian skeletal muscle strip to result in net locomotion of the bio-bot. Geometric design and material properties of the hydrogel bio-bots were optimized using stereolithographic 3D printing, and the effect of collagen I and fibrin extracellular matrix proteins and insulin-like growth factor 1 on the force production of engineered skeletal muscle was characterized. Electrical stimulation triggered contraction of cells in the muscle strip and net locomotion of the bio-bot with a maximum velocity of ∼ 156 μm s(-1), which is over 1.5 body lengths per min. Modeling and simulation were used to understand both the effect of different design parameters on the bio-bot and the mechanism of motion. This demonstration advances the goal of realizing forward-engineered integrated cellular machines and systems, which can have a myriad array of applications in drug screening, programmable tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biomimetic machine design.

Highly Productive Tools For Turning And Milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasilko, Karol

2015-12-01

Beside cutting speed, shift is another important parameter of machining. Its considerable influence is shown mainly in the workpiece machined surface microgeometry. In practice, mainly its combination with the radius of cutting tool tip rounding is used. Options to further increase machining productivity and machined surface quality are hidden in this approach. The paper presents variations of the design of productive cutting tools for lathe work and milling on the base of the use of the laws of the relationship among the highest reached uneveness of machined surface, tool tip radius and shift.

A machine for the preliminary investigation of design features influencing the wear behaviour of knee prostheses.

PubMed

McGloughlin, T M; Murphy, D M; Kavanagh, A G

2004-01-01

Degradation of tibial inserts in vivo has been found to be multifactorial in nature, resulting in a complex interaction of many variables. A range of kinematic conditions occurs at the tibio-femoral interface, giving rise to various degrees of rolling and sliding at this interface. The movement of the tibio-femoral contact point may be an influential factor in the overall wear of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial components. As part of this study a three-station wear-test machine was designed and built to investigate the influence of rolling and sliding on the wear behaviour of specific design aspects of contemporary knee prostheses. Using the machine, it is possible to monitor the effect of various slide roll ratios on the performance of contemporary bearing designs from a geometrical and materials perspective.

Research on ARM Numerical Control System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Xu; JiHong, Chen

Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools is the foundation of modern manufacturing systems, whose advanced digital technology is the key to solve the problem of sustainable development of machine tool manufacturing industry. The paper is to design CNC system embedded on ARM and indicates the hardware design and the software systems supported. On the hardware side: the driving chip of the motor control unit, as the core of components, is MCX314AL of DSP motion control which is developed by NOVA Electronics Co., Ltd. of Japan. It make convenient to control machine because of its excellent performance, simple interface, easy programming. On the Software side, the uC/OS-2 is selected as the embedded operating system of the open source, which makes a detailed breakdown of the modules of the CNC system. Those priorities are designed according to their actual requirements. The ways of communication between the module and the interrupt response are so different that it guarantees real-time property and reliability of the numerical control system. Therefore, it not only meets the requirements of the current social precision machining, but has good man-machine interface and network support to facilitate a variety of craftsmen use.

Development and testing of a computer assisted remote-control system for the compact loader-trammer. Report of Investigations/1992

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ruff, T.M.

1992-01-01

A prototype mucking machine designed to operate in narrow vein stopes was developed by Foster-Miller, Inc., Waltham, MA, under contract with the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The machine, called a compact loader/trammer, or minimucker, was designed to replace slusher muckers in narrow-vein underground mines. The minimucker is a six-wheel-drive, skid-steered, load-haul-dump machine that loads muck at the front with a novel slide-bucket system and ejects it out the rear so that the machine does not have to be turned around. To correct deficiencies of the tether remote control system, a computer-based, radio remote control was retrofitted to the minimucker. Initialmore » tests indicated a need to assist the operator in guiding the machine in narrow stopes and an automatic guidance system that used ultrasonic ranging sensors and a wall-following algorithm was installed. Additional tests in a simulated test stope showed that these changes improved the operation of the minimucker. The design and functions of the minimucker and its computer-based, remote control system are reviewed, and an ultrasonic, sensor-based guidance system is described.« less

The Riddle of the Smart Machines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howell, Dusti D.

2010-01-01

Hundreds of graduate students were introduced to the fields of instructional design and educational technology with the riddle of the smart machines, yet over the years no one has answered it correctly. After revealing the surprising answer to this riddle, both the negative and positive impacts of smart machines are analyzed. An example of this is…

Machine Accounting. An Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gould, E. Noah, Ed.

Designed to prepare students to operate the types of accounting machines used in many medium-sized businesses, this instructor's guide presents a full-year high school course in machine accounting covering 120 hours of instruction. An introduction for the instructor suggests how to adapt the guide to present a 60-hour module which would be…

Newton Methods for Large Scale Problems in Machine Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, Samantha Leigh

2014-01-01

The focus of this thesis is on practical ways of designing optimization algorithms for minimizing large-scale nonlinear functions with applications in machine learning. Chapter 1 introduces the overarching ideas in the thesis. Chapters 2 and 3 are geared towards supervised machine learning applications that involve minimizing a sum of loss…

Developing Preservice Teachers' Understanding of Function Using a Vending Machine Metaphor Applet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCulloch, Allison; Lovett, Jennifer; Edgington, Cyndi

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study is to examine the use of a Vending Machine applet as a cognitive root for the development of preservice teachers understanding of function. The applet was designed to purposefully problematize common misconceptions associated with the algebraic nature of typical function machines. Findings indicated affordances and…

Study of Man-Machine Communications Systems for Disabled Persons (The Handicapped). Volume IV. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kafafian, Haig

The volume contains experimental instructional materials designed for teacher and handicapped student use with two man-machine communications systems, Cybertype and Cyber-Go-Round, developed as educational aids for the severely handicapped. Cybertype is a writing machine with various possible configurations of portable keyboards with a reduced…

Learn about Physical Science: Simple Machines. [CD-ROM].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

This CD-ROM, designed for students in grades K-2, explores the world of simple machines. It allows students to delve into the mechanical world and learn the ways in which simple machines make work easier. Animated demonstrations are provided of the lever, pulley, wheel, screw, wedge, and inclined plane. Activities include practical matching and…

Abrasives and Grinding Machines; Machine Shop Work--Advanced: 9557.02.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

The course outline has been prepared as a guide to assist the instructor in systematically planning and presenting a variety of meaningful lessons to facilitate the necessary training for the machine shop student. The material contained in the outline is designed to enable the student to learn the manipulative skills and related knowledge…

Machine Shorthand Dictation, Business Education: 7706.33.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cropper, Clara Joy F.

The course is designed to reinforce machine shorthand theory with emphasis on taking dictation with speed and accuracy. In this course, students are expected to complete the basic theory of techniques for writing sounds, in combinations of letters of the alphabet, on the keyboard of a touch shorthand machine; to increase their recording speeds;…

Machine Shop. Instructor Key. Supplementary Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walden, Charles; Cole, Phyllis

These supplementary units are designed to help students with special needs learn and apply machine shop skills. Nine competencies that are difficult for special needs students to grasp or that would help them get a future job in the field were chosen from the regular machine shop curriculum. Specific objectives for these competencies are listed at…

Competency-Based Education Curriculum for Machine Shop. Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Associated Educational Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA.

This teacher's guide is designed to accompany the machine shop competency-based education curriculum for secondary students in West Virginia. It has been developed to facilitate use of the curriculum by instructors of machine shop programs. The teacher's guide contains the following material: an explanation of the curriculum and suggested usage; a…

Chip morphology as a performance predictor during high speed end milling of soda lime glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagum, M. N.; Konneh, M.; Abdullah, K. A.; Ali, M. Y.

2018-01-01

Soda lime glass has application in DNA arrays and lab on chip manufacturing. Although investigation revealed that machining of such brittle material is possible using ductile mode under controlled cutting parameters and tool geometry, it remains a challenging task. Furthermore, ability of ductile machining is usually assed through machined surface texture examination. Soda lime glass is a strain rate and temperature sensitive material. Hence, influence on attainment of ductile surface due to adiabatic heat generated during high speed end milling using uncoated tungsten carbide tool is investigated in this research. Experimental runs were designed using central composite design (CCD), taking spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut as input variable and tool-chip contact point temperature (Ttc) and the surface roughness (Rt) as responses. Along with machined surface texture, Rt and chip morphology was examined to assess machinability of soda lime glass. The relation between Ttc and chip morphology was examined. Investigation showed that around glass transition temperature (Tg) ductile chip produced and subsequently clean and ductile final machined surface produced.

Self-assembled software and method of overriding software execution

DOEpatents

Bouchard, Ann M.; Osbourn, Gordon C.

2013-01-08

A computer-implemented software self-assembled system and method for providing an external override and monitoring capability to dynamically self-assembling software containing machines that self-assemble execution sequences and data structures. The method provides an external override machine that can be introduced into a system of self-assembling machines while the machines are executing such that the functionality of the executing software can be changed or paused without stopping the code execution and modifying the existing code. Additionally, a monitoring machine can be introduced without stopping code execution that can monitor specified code execution functions by designated machines and communicate the status to an output device.

Comparison of corneal endothelial changes following phacoemulsification with transversal and torsional phacoemulsification machines

PubMed Central

Ataş, Mustafa; Demircan, Süleyman; Karatepe Haşhaş, Arzu Seyhan; Gülhan, Ahmet; Zararsız, Gökmen

2014-01-01

AIM To compare and evaluate the phacoemulsification parameters and postoperative endothelial cell changes of two different phacoemulsification machines, each with different modes, but also to assess the relationship between postoperative endothelial cell loss and the phacoemulsification parameters, as well as the other factors in both groups. METHODS This prospective observational study was comprised of consecutive eligible cataract patients operated with phacoemulsification technique performed by the same surgeon using either a WHITESTAR Signature Ellips FX (transversal, group 1) or Infiniti OZil IP (torsional, group 2) machine. RESULTS The study included 86 patients. Baseline characteristics in the groups were similar. The median nuclear sclerosis grade was 3 (2-4) in the first group and 2 (2-4) in the second group (P=0.265). Both groups had similar phacoemulsification needle times (group 1: 60.63±36 s; group 2: 55.98±30 s; P=0.789). The percentage of endothelial cell loss 30d after surgery ranged from 3% to 15% with a median of 7% in group 1, and from 2% to 13% with a median of 6% in group 2; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P=0.407). Hexagonality (P=0.794) and the coefficient of variation (CV; P=0.142) did not differ significantly between the groups before and 30d after surgery. A significant positive correlation was found between the endothelial cell loss and nuclear sclerosis grade (group 1: P<0.001; group 2: P<0.001) and between the endothelial cell loss and average phacoemulsification power (group 1: P=0.007; group 2: P=0.008). CONCLUSION Both of these machines were efficient, with similar endothelial cell loss. This endothelial cell loss was related to the increased nuclear sclerosis grade and increased phacoemulsification power. PMID:25349800

Comparison of corneal endothelial changes following phacoemulsification with transversal and torsional phacoemulsification machines.

PubMed

Ataş, Mustafa; Demircan, Süleyman; Karatepe Haşhaş, Arzu Seyhan; Gülhan, Ahmet; Zararsız, Gökmen

2014-01-01

To compare and evaluate the phacoemulsification parameters and postoperative endothelial cell changes of two different phacoemulsification machines, each with different modes, but also to assess the relationship between postoperative endothelial cell loss and the phacoemulsification parameters, as well as the other factors in both groups. This prospective observational study was comprised of consecutive eligible cataract patients operated with phacoemulsification technique performed by the same surgeon using either a WHITESTAR Signature Ellips FX (transversal, group 1) or Infiniti OZil IP (torsional, group 2) machine. The study included 86 patients. Baseline characteristics in the groups were similar. The median nuclear sclerosis grade was 3 (2-4) in the first group and 2 (2-4) in the second group (P=0.265). Both groups had similar phacoemulsification needle times (group 1: 60.63±36 s; group 2: 55.98±30 s; P=0.789). The percentage of endothelial cell loss 30d after surgery ranged from 3% to 15% with a median of 7% in group 1, and from 2% to 13% with a median of 6% in group 2; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P=0.407). Hexagonality (P=0.794) and the coefficient of variation (CV; P=0.142) did not differ significantly between the groups before and 30d after surgery. A significant positive correlation was found between the endothelial cell loss and nuclear sclerosis grade (group 1: P<0.001; group 2: P<0.001) and between the endothelial cell loss and average phacoemulsification power (group 1: P=0.007; group 2: P=0.008). Both of these machines were efficient, with similar endothelial cell loss. This endothelial cell loss was related to the increased nuclear sclerosis grade and increased phacoemulsification power.

Engineering specification and system design for CAD/CAM of custom shoes. Phase 5: UMC involvement (January 1, 1989 - June 30, 1989)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bao, Han P.

1989-01-01

The CAD/CAM of custom shoes is discussed. The solid object for machining is represented by a wireframe model with its nodes or vertices specified systematically in a grid pattern covering its entire length (point-to-point configuration). Two sets of data from CENCIT and CYBERWARE were used for machining purposes. It was found that the indexing technique (turning the stock by a small angle then moving the tool on a longitudinal path along the foot) yields the best result in terms of ease of programming, savings in wear and tear of the machine and cutting tools, and resolution of fine surface details. The work done using the LASTMOD last design system results in a shoe last specified by a number of congruent surface patches of different sizes. This data format was converted into a form amenable to the machine tool. It involves a series of sorting algorithms and interpolation algorithms to provide the grid pattern that the machine tool needs as was the case in the point to point configuration discussed above. This report also contains an in-depth treatment of the design and production technique of an integrated sole to complement the task of design and manufacture of the shoe last. Clinical data and essential production parameters are discussed. Examples of soles made through this process are given.

Intensification of the Students' Self-Development Process When Performing Design and Settlement Works on the "Machine Parts" Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Timerbaev, Rais Mingalievich; Muhutdinov, Rafis Habreevich; Danilov, Valeriy Fedorovich

2015-01-01

The article addresses issues related to the methodology of intensifying self-development process when performing design and settlement works on the "Machine Parts" course for the students studying in such areas of training as "Technology" and "Vocational Education" with the use of computer technologies. At the same…

Stabilizing Gas Bearings In Free-Piston Machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dhar, Manmohan

1995-01-01

Gas bearings and clearance seals between pistons and cylinders in free-piston machines designed to reduce undesired dynamic forces and torques on pistons, gas bearings, and cylinders. Circumferential grooves and drain galleries added to piston or cylinder in improved design. Provides stabilization without significant reduction in length of seal, or significant increase in leakage and consequent reduction of efficiency.

Current problems in the dynamics and design of mechanisms and machines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kestel'Man, V. N.

The papers contained in this volume deal with possible ways of improving the dynamic and structural properties of machines and mechanisms and also with problems associated with the design of aircraft equipment. Topics discussed include estimation of the stressed state of a model of an orbital film structure, a study of the operation of an aerodynamic angle transducer in flow of a hot gas, calculation of the efficiency of aircraft gear drives, and dynamic accuracy of a controlled manipulator. Papers are also presented on optimal synthesis of mechanical systems with variable properties, synthesis of mechanisms using initial kinematic chains, and using shape memory materials in the design of machines and mechanisms. (For individual items see A93-31202 to A93-31214)

Analysis of the influence of the milling machine throw-out plate surfacing and structure design on throwing material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Yuanbin; Sha, Hongwei; Yu, Yunmin; Chen, Bing

2018-03-01

Material composition, hardness and wear properties of the throw-out plate improved are analysed on a road milling machine. At the same time, analyse the tissue and performance of Fe based alloy named Fe60 cladding layer using the plasma surfacing method. And the original and improved throw-out plates are analysed throwing material effect by the dynamic analysis. Then the throw-out plate samples are verified. The results show that Fe60 powder is selected as surface strengthening material. By the improved structure, the hardness of the throw-out plate increases from 14.6HRC to 57.5HRC, and the wear resistance increases from 0.452g-1 to 16.393g-1. At the same time, it increases from 3263 to 3433 to fall into the collecting material number of milling machine. It provides important guidance for structure design and process design of the milling machine throw-out plate.

Operator-coached machine vision for space telerobotics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bon, Bruce; Wilcox, Brian; Litwin, Todd; Gennery, Donald B.

1991-01-01

A prototype system for interactive object modeling has been developed and tested. The goal of this effort has been to create a system which would demonstrate the feasibility of high interactive operator-coached machine vision in a realistic task environment, and to provide a testbed for experimentation with various modes of operator interaction. The purpose for such a system is to use human perception where machine vision is difficult, i.e., to segment the scene into objects and to designate their features, and to use machine vision to overcome limitations of human perception, i.e., for accurate measurement of object geometry. The system captures and displays video images from a number of cameras, allows the operator to designate a polyhedral object one edge at a time by moving a 3-D cursor within these images, performs a least-squares fit of the designated edges to edge data detected with a modified Sobel operator, and combines the edges thus detected to form a wire-frame object model that matches the Sobel data.

Design and fabrication of metal briquette machine for shop floor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pramod, R.; Kumar, G. B. Veeresh; Prashanth B., N.

2017-07-01

Efforts have to be taken to ensure efficient waste management system in shop floors, with minimum utilization of space and energy when it comes to disposing metal chips formed during machining processes. The salvaging of junk metallic chips and the us e of scrap are important for the economic production of a steelworks. For this purpose, we have fabricated a metal chip compaction machine, which can compact the metal chips into small briquettes. The project started with the survey of chips formed in shop floors and the practices involved in waste management. Study was done on the requirements for a better compaction. The heating chamber was designed taking into consideration the temperature required for an easy compaction of the metal chips. The power source for compaction and the pneumatic design for mechanism was done following the appropriate calculations regarding the air pressure provided and thrust required. The processes were tested under different conditions and found effective. The fabrication of the machine has been explained in detail and the results have been discussed.

Charging machine

DOEpatents

Medlin, John B.

1976-05-25

A charging machine for loading fuel slugs into the process tubes of a nuclear reactor includes a tubular housing connected to the process tube, a charging trough connected to the other end of the tubular housing, a device for loading the charging trough with a group of fuel slugs, means for equalizing the coolant pressure in the charging trough with the pressure in the process tubes, means for pushing the group of fuel slugs into the process tube and a latch and a seal engaging the last object in the group of fuel slugs to prevent the fuel slugs from being ejected from the process tube when the pusher is removed and to prevent pressure liquid from entering the charging machine.

A multi-group and preemptable scheduling of cloud resource based on HTCondor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Xiaowei; Zou, Jiaheng; Cheng, Yaodong; Shi, Jingyan

2017-10-01

Due to the features of virtual machine-flexibility, easy controlling and various system environments, more and more fields utilize the virtualization technology to construct the distributed system with the virtual resources, also including high energy physics. This paper introduce a method used in high energy physics that supports multiple resource group and preemptable cloud resource scheduling, combining virtual machine with HTCondor (a batch system). It makes resource controlling more flexible and more efficient and makes resource scheduling independent of job scheduling. Firstly, the resources belong to different experiment-groups, and the type of user-groups mapping to resource-groups(same as experiment-group) is one-to-one or many-to-one. In order to make the confused group simply to be managed, we designed the permission controlling component to ensure that the different resource-groups can get the suitable jobs. Secondly, for the purpose of elastically allocating resources for suitable resource-group, it is necessary to schedule resources like scheduling jobs. So this paper designs the cloud resource scheduling to maintain a resource queue and allocate an appropriate amount of virtual resources to the request resource-group. Thirdly, in some kind of situations, because of the resource occupied for a long time, resources need to be preempted. This paper adds the preemption function for the resource scheduling that implement resource preemption based on the group priority. Additionally, the way to preempting is soft that when virtual resources are preempted, jobs will not be killed but also be held and rematched later. It is implemented with the help of HTCondor, storing the held job information in scheduler, releasing the job to idle status and doing second matcher. In IHEP (institute of high energy physics), we have built a batch system based on HTCondor with a virtual resources pool based on Openstack. And this paper will show some cases of experiment JUNO and LHAASO. The result indicates that multi-group and preemptable resource scheduling is efficient to support multi-group and soft preemption. Additionally, the permission controlling component has been used in the local computing cluster, supporting for experiment JUNO, CMS and LHAASO, and the scale will be expanded to more experiments at the first half year, including DYW, BES and so on. Its evidence that the permission controlling is efficient.

The ultrastructural characteristics of porcine hepatocytes donated after cardiac death and preserved with warm machine perfusion preservation.

PubMed

Bochimoto, Hiroki; Matsuno, Naoto; Ishihara, Yo; Shonaka, Tatsuya; Koga, Daisuke; Hira, Yoshiki; Nishikawa, Yuji; Furukawa, Hiroyuki; Watanabe, Tsuyoshi

2017-01-01

The effects of warm machine perfusion preservation of liver grafts donated after cardiac death on the intracellular three-dimensional ultrastructure of the organelles in hepatocytes remain unclear. Here we analyzed comparatively the ultrastructure of the endomembrane systems in porcine hepatocytes under warm ischemia and successive hypothermic and midthermic machine perfusion preservation, a type of the warm machine perfusion. Porcine liver grafts which had a warm ischemia time of 60 minutes were perfused for 4 hours with modified University of Wisconsin gluconate solution. Group A grafts were preserved with hypothermic machine perfusion preservation at 8°C constantly for 4 hours. Group B grafts were preserved with rewarming up to 22°C by warm machine perfusion preservation for 4 hours. An analysis of hepatocytes after 60 minutes of warm ischemia by scanning electron microscope revealed the appearance of abnormal vacuoles and invagination of mitochondria. In the hepatocytes preserved by subsequent hypothermic machine perfusion preservation, strongly swollen mitochondria were observed. In contrast, the warm machine perfusion preservation could preserve the functional appearance of mitochondria in hepatocytes. Furthermore, abundant vacuoles and membranous structures sequestrating cellular organelles like autophagic vacuoles were frequently observed in hepatocytes after warm machine perfusion preservation. In conclusion, the ultrastructure of the endomembrane systems in the hepatocytes of liver grafts changed in accordance with the temperature conditions of machine perfusion preservation. In addition, temperature condition of the machine perfusion preservation may also affect the condition of the hepatic graft attributed to autophagy systems, and consequently alleviate the damage of the hepatocytes.

Effect of surface anodization on stability of orthodontic microimplant

PubMed Central

Karmarker, Sanket; Yu, Wonjae

2012-01-01

Objective To determine the effect of surface anodization on the interfacial strength between an orthodontic microimplant (MI) and the rabbit tibial bone, particularly in the initial phase after placement. Methods A total of 36 MIs were driven into the tibias of 3 mature rabbits by using the self-drilling method and then removed after 6 weeks. Half the MIs were as-machined (n = 18; machined group), while the remaining had anodized surfaces (n = 18; anodized group). The peak insertion torque (PIT) and the peak removal torque (PRT) values were measured for the 2 groups of MIs. These values were then used to calculate the interfacial shear strength between the MI and cortical bone. Results There were no statistical differences in terms of PIT between the 2 groups. However, mean PRT was significantly greater for the anodized implants (3.79 ± 1.39 Ncm) than for the machined ones (2.05 ± 1.07 Ncm) (p < 0.01). The interfacial strengths, converted from PRT, were calculated at 10.6 MPa and 5.74 MPa for the anodized and machined group implants, respectively. Conclusions Anodization of orthodontic MIs may enhance their early-phase retention capability, thereby ensuring a more reliable source of absolute anchorage. PMID:23112925

Learning atoms for materials discovery.

PubMed

Zhou, Quan; Tang, Peizhe; Liu, Shenxiu; Pan, Jinbo; Yan, Qimin; Zhang, Shou-Cheng

2018-06-26

Exciting advances have been made in artificial intelligence (AI) during recent decades. Among them, applications of machine learning (ML) and deep learning techniques brought human-competitive performances in various tasks of fields, including image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language understanding. Even in Go, the ancient game of profound complexity, the AI player has already beat human world champions convincingly with and without learning from the human. In this work, we show that our unsupervised machines (Atom2Vec) can learn the basic properties of atoms by themselves from the extensive database of known compounds and materials. These learned properties are represented in terms of high-dimensional vectors, and clustering of atoms in vector space classifies them into meaningful groups consistent with human knowledge. We use the atom vectors as basic input units for neural networks and other ML models designed and trained to predict materials properties, which demonstrate significant accuracy. Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

KSC-99pp0277

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-03-06

During the 1999 FIRST Southeastern Regional robotic competition held at KSC, a robot carrying its cache of pillow-like disks maneuvers to move around another at left. Powered by 12-volt batteries and operated by remote control, the robotic gladiators spend two minutes each trying to grab, claw and hoist the pillows onto their machines. Teams play defense by taking away competitors' pillows and generally harassing opposing machines. Behind the field are a group of judges, including KSC former KSC Director of Shuttle Processing Robert Sieck (left, in cap), and Center Director Roy Bridges (in white shirt). A giant screen TV in the background displays the action on the playing field. FIRST is a nonprofit organization, For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology. The competition comprised 27 teams, pairing high school students with engineer mentors and corporations. The FIRST robotics competition is designed to provide students with a hands-on, inside look at engineering and other professional careers

Whole-cell biocomputing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simpson, M. L.; Sayler, G. S.; Fleming, J. T.; Applegate, B.

2001-01-01

The ability to manipulate systems on the molecular scale naturally leads to speculation about the rational design of molecular-scale machines. Cells might be the ultimate molecular-scale machines and our ability to engineer them is relatively advanced when compared with our ability to control the synthesis and direct the assembly of man-made materials. Indeed, engineered whole cells deployed in biosensors can be considered one of the practical successes of molecular-scale devices. However, these devices explore only a small portion of cellular functionality. Individual cells or self-organized groups of cells perform extremely complex functions that include sensing, communication, navigation, cooperation and even fabrication of synthetic nanoscopic materials. In natural systems, these capabilities are controlled by complex genetic regulatory circuits, which are only partially understood and not readily accessible for use in engineered systems. Here, we focus on efforts to mimic the functionality of man-made information-processing systems within whole cells.

Aeromechanics and man-machine integration technology opportunities for rotorcraft of the 1990s and beyond

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerr, Andrew W.

1989-01-01

Programs related to rotorcraft aeromechanics and man-machine integration are discussed which will support advanced army rotorcraft design. In aeromechanics, recent advances in computational fluid dynamics will be used to characterize the complex unsteady flowfields of rotorcraft, and a second-generation comprehensive helicopter analysis system will be used along with models of aerodynamics, engines, and control systems to study the structural dynamics of rotor/body configurations. The man-machine integration program includes the development of advanced cockpit design technology and the evaluation of cockpit and mission equipment concepts in a real-time full-combat environment.

Principle and design of small-sized and high-definition x-ray machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Anqing

2010-10-01

The paper discusses the circuit design and working principles of VMOS PWM type 75KV10mA high frequency X-ray machine. The system mainly consists of silicon controlled rectifier, VMOS tube PWM type high-frequency and highvoltage inverter circuit, filament inverter circuit, high-voltage rectifier filter circuit and as X-ray tube. The working process can be carried out under the control of a single-chip microcomputer. Due to the small size and high resolution in imaging, the X-ray machine is mostly adopted for emergent medical diagnosis and specific circumstances where nondestructive tests are conducted.

Design of robotic cells based on relative handling modules with use of SolidWorks system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaponenko, E. V.; Anciferov, S. I.

2018-05-01

The article presents a diagramed engineering solution for a robotic cell with six degrees of freedom for machining of complex details, consisting of the base with a tool installation module and a detail machining module made as parallel structure mechanisms. The output links of the detail machining module and the tool installation module can move along X-Y-Z coordinate axes each. A 3D-model of the complex is designed in the SolidWorks system. It will be used further for carrying out engineering calculations and mathematical analysis and obtaining all required documentation.

An industrial sewing machine variable speed controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Estes, Christa; Spiggle, Charles; Swift, Shannon; Vangeffen, Stephen; Youngner, Frank

1992-01-01

The apparel industry is attempting to move in a new direction in the coming decade. Since the invention of an electrically powered sewing machine, the operator has been seated. Today, companies are switching from a sit down operation to a stand up operation involving modular stations. The old treadle worked well with the sitting operator, but problems have been found when trying to use the same treadle with a standing operator. This report details a new design for a treadle to operate an industrial sewing machine that has a standing operator. Emphasis is placed on the ease of use by the operator, as well as the ergonomics involved. Procedures for testing the design are included along with possible uses for the treadle in other applications besides an industrial sewing machine.

Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Thermal Contact Resistance of Electric Machine Stator-to-Cooling Jacket Interface Under Interference Fit Loading

DOE PAGES

Cousineau, Justine Emily; Bennion, Kevin S.; Chieduko, Victor; ...

2018-05-08

Cooling of electric machines is a key to increasing power density and improving reliability. This paper focuses on the design of a machine using a cooling jacket wrapped around the stator. The thermal contact resistance (TCR) between the electric machine stator and cooling jacket is a significant factor in overall performance and is not well characterized. This interface is typically an interference fit subject to compressive pressure exceeding 5 MPa. An experimental investigation of this interface was carried out using a thermal transmittance setup using pressures between 5 and 10 MPa. Furthermore, the results were compared to currently available modelsmore » for contact resistance, and one model was adapted for prediction of TCR in future motor designs.« less

A Novel Transverse Flux Machine for Vehicle Traction Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wan, Zhao; Ahmed, Adeeb; Husain, Iqbal

2015-10-05

A novel transverse flux machine topology for electric vehicle traction application using ferrite magnets is presented in this paper. The proposed transverse flux topology utilizes novel magnet arrangements in the rotor that are similar to Halbach-array to boost flux linkage; on the stator side, cores are alternately arranged around a pair of ring windings in each phase to make use of the entire rotor flux that eliminates end windings. Analytical design considerations and finite element methods are used for an optimized design of a scooter in-wheel motor. Simulation results from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) show the motor achieved comparable torquemore » density to conventional rare-earth permanent magnet machines. This machine is a viable candidate for direct drive applications with low cost and high torque density.« less

Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Thermal Contact Resistance of Electric Machine Stator-to-Cooling Jacket Interface Under Interference Fit Loading

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cousineau, Justine Emily; Bennion, Kevin S.; Chieduko, Victor

Cooling of electric machines is a key to increasing power density and improving reliability. This paper focuses on the design of a machine using a cooling jacket wrapped around the stator. The thermal contact resistance (TCR) between the electric machine stator and cooling jacket is a significant factor in overall performance and is not well characterized. This interface is typically an interference fit subject to compressive pressure exceeding 5 MPa. An experimental investigation of this interface was carried out using a thermal transmittance setup using pressures between 5 and 10 MPa. Furthermore, the results were compared to currently available modelsmore » for contact resistance, and one model was adapted for prediction of TCR in future motor designs.« less

An industrial sewing machine variable speed controller

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Estes, Christa; Spiggle, Charles; Swift, Shannon; Vangeffen, Stephen; Youngner, Frank

The apparel industry is attempting to move in a new direction in the coming decade. Since the invention of an electrically powered sewing machine, the operator has been seated. Today, companies are switching from a sit down operation to a stand up operation involving modular stations. The old treadle worked well with the sitting operator, but problems have been found when trying to use the same treadle with a standing operator. This report details a new design for a treadle to operate an industrial sewing machine that has a standing operator. Emphasis is placed on the ease of use by the operator, as well as the ergonomics involved. Procedures for testing the design are included along with possible uses for the treadle in other applications besides an industrial sewing machine.

Design of a Modular E-Core Flux Concentrating Axial Flux Machine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Husain, Tausif; Sozer, Yilmaz; Husain, Iqbal

2015-09-02

In this paper a novel E-Core axial flux machine is proposed. The machine has a double stator-single rotor configuration with flux concentrating ferrite magnets, and pole windings across each leg of an E-Core stator. E-Core stators with the proposed flux-concentrating rotor arrangement result in better magnet utilization and higher torque density. The machine also has a modular structure facilitating simpler construction. This paper presents a single phase and a three-phase version of the E-Core machine. Case study for a 1.1 kW, 400 rpm machine for both the single phase and three-phase axial flux machine is presented. The results are verifiedmore » through 3D finite element analysis.« less

Proceedings of the IMOG (Interagency Manufacturing Operations Group) Numerical Systems Group. 62nd Meeting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maes, G.J.

1993-10-01

This document contains the proceedings of the 62nd Interagency Manufacturing Operations Group (IMOG) Numerical Systems Group. Included are the minutes of the 61st meeting and the agenda for the 62nd meeting. Presentations at the meeting are provided in the appendices to this document. Presentations were: 1992 NSG Annual Report to IMOG Steering Committee; Charter for the IMOG Numerical Systems Group; Y-12 Coordinate Measuring Machine Training Project; IBH NC Controller; Automatically Programmed Metrology Update; Certification of Anvil-5000 for Production Use at the Y-12 Plant; Accord Project; Sandia National Laboratories {open_quotes}Accord{close_quotes}; Demo/Anvil Tool Path Generation 5-Axis; Demo/Video Machine/Robot Animation Dynamics; Demo/Certification ofmore » Anvil Tool Path Generation; Tour of the M-60 Inspection Machine; Distributed Numerical Control Certification; Spline Usage Method; Y-12 NC Engineering Status; and Y-12 Manufacturing CAD Systems.« less

New Baseline Design of the ILC RTML System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seletskiy, S.; Kapin, V. V.; Solyak, N.

2012-05-01

The new ILC baseline was proposed in 2009 (Strawman baseline - SB2009) to minimize cost of the machine and accommodate many changes made in the design of the accelerator systems. The biggest changes are made in the central area, where BDS, RTM L, DR, electron and positron sources are sharing the tunnels. A new layout of the compact DR and re-location of the electron and positron sources to the main tunnel requires a new lattice design for all beamlines in this area. The lattice design was coord inated between accelerator systems and Convention Facility and Siting (CFS) group to eliminatemore » conflicts between beamlines and satisfy construction requirements. In this paper we present a new design of the RTML electron and positron lattices in the centr al area and other modifications made in the RTML line to accommodate changes to the beamline layouts.« less

Inlay-retained cantilever fixed dental prostheses to substitute a single premolar: impact of zirconia framework design after dynamic loading.

PubMed

Shahin, Ramez; Tannous, Fahed; Kern, Matthias

2014-08-01

The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the influence of the framework design on the durability of inlay-retained cantilever fixed dental prostheses (IR-FDPs), made from zirconia ceramic, after artificial ageing. Forty-eight caries-free human premolars were prepared as abutments for all-ceramic cantilevered IR-FDPs using six framework designs: occlusal-distal (OD) inlay, OD inlay with an oral retainer wing, OD inlay with two retainer wings, mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) inlay, MOD inlay with an oral retainer ring, and veneer partial coping with a distal box (VB). Zirconia IR-FDPs were fabricated via computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. The bonding surfaces were air-abraded (50 μm alumina/0.1 MPa), and the frameworks were bonded with adhesive resin cement. Specimens were stored for 150 d in a 37°C water bath during which they were thermocycled between 5 and 55°C for 37,500 cycles; thereafter, they were exposed to 600,000 cycles of dynamic loading with a 5-kg load in a chewing simulator. All surviving specimens were loaded onto the pontic and tested until failure using a universal testing machine. The mean failure load of the groups ranged from 260.8 to 746.7 N. Statistical analysis showed that both MOD groups exhibited significantly higher failure loads compared with the other groups (i.e. the three OD groups and the VB group) and that there was no significant difference in the failure load among the OD groups and the VB group. In conclusion, zirconia IR-FDPs with a modified design exhibited promising failure modes. © 2014 Eur J Oral Sci.

The scope of additive manufacturing in cryogenics, component design, and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stautner, W.; Vanapalli, S.; Weiss, K.-P.; Chen, R.; Amm, K.; Budesheim, E.; Ricci, J.

2017-12-01

Additive manufacturing techniques using composites or metals are rapidly gaining momentum in cryogenic applications. Small or large, complex structural components are now no longer limited to mere design studies but can now move into the production stream thanks to new machines on the market that allow for light-weight, cost optimized designs with short turnaround times. The potential for cost reductions from bulk materials machined to tight tolerances has become obvious. Furthermore, additive manufacturing opens doors and design space for cryogenic components that to date did not exist or were not possible in the past, using bulk materials along with elaborate and expensive machining processes, e.g. micromachining. The cryogenic engineer now faces the challenge to design toward those new additive manufacturing capabilities. Additionally, re-thinking designs toward cost optimization and fast implementation also requires detailed knowledge of mechanical and thermal properties at cryogenic temperatures. In the following we compile the information available to date and show a possible roadmap for additive manufacturing applications of parts and components typically used in cryogenic engineering designs.

Software design and documentation language, revision 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kleine, H.

1979-01-01

The Software Design and Documentation Language (SDDL) developed to provide an effective communications medium to support the design and documentation of complex software applications is described. Features of the system include: (1) a processor which can convert design specifications into an intelligible, informative machine-reproducible document; (2) a design and documentation language with forms and syntax that are simple, unrestrictive, and communicative; and (3) methodology for effective use of the language and processor. The SDDL processor is written in the SIMSCRIPT II programming language and is implemented on the UNIVAC 1108, the IBM 360/370, and Control Data machines.

A hybrid approach for nondestructive assessment and design optimisation and testing of in-service machinery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahman, Abdul Ghaffar Abdul; Noroozi, Siamak; Dupac, Mihai; Mahathir Syed Mohd Al-Attas, Syed; Vinney, John E.

2013-03-01

Complex rotating machinery requires regular condition monitoring inspections to assess their running conditions and their structural integrity to prevent catastrophic failures. Machine failures can be divided into two categories. First is the wear and tear during operation, they range from bearing defects, gear damage, misalignment, imbalance or mechanical looseness, for which simple condition-based maintenance techniques can easily detect the root cause and trigger remedial action process. The second factor in machine failure is caused by the inherent design faults that usually happened due to many reasons such as improper installation, poor servicing, bad workmanship and structural dynamics design deficiency. In fact, individual machines components are generally dynamically well designed and rigorously tested. However, when these machines are assembled on sight and linked together, their dynamic characteristics will change causing unexpected behaviour of the system. Since nondestructive evaluation provides an excellent alternative to the classical monitoring and proved attractive due to the possibility of performing reliable assessments of all types of machinery, the novel dynamic design verification procedure - based on the combination of in-service operation deflection shape measurement, experimental modal analysis and iterative inverse finite element analysis - proposed here allows quick identification of structural weakness, and helps to provide and verify the solutions.

Computer Programmed Milling Machine Operations. High-Technology Training Module.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leonard, Dennis

This learning module for a high school metals and manufacturing course is designed to introduce the concept of computer-assisted machining (CAM). Through it, students learn how to set up and put data into the controller to machine a part. They also become familiar with computer-aided manufacturing and learn the advantages of computer numerical…

Technical and Symbolic Knowledge in CNC Machining: A Study of Technical Workers of Different Backgrounds.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Laura M. W.; Beach, King

Performances of 45 individuals with varying degrees of formal and informal training in machining and programming were compared on tasks designed to tap intellectual changes that may occur with the introduction of computer numerical control (CNC). Participants--30 machinists, 8 machine operators, and 7 engineers--were asked background questions and…

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Gilmore Load Cell Machine: Load Cell Calibrations to 2.22 x 10(exp 7) Newtons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haynes, Michael W.

2000-01-01

Designed in 1964 and erected in 1966, the mission of the Gilmore Load Cell Machine was to provide highly accurate calibrations for large capacity load cells in support of NASA's Apollo Program. Still in use today, the Gilmore Machine is a national treasure with no equal.

Multipurpose Prepregging Machine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, N. J.; Wilkinson, Steven; Marchello, J. M.; Dixon, D.

1995-01-01

Machine designed and built for variety of uses involving coating or impregnating ("prepregging") fibers, tows, yarns, or webs or tapes made of such fibrous materials with thermoplastic or thermosetting resins. Prepreg materials produced used to make matrix/fiber composite materials. Comprises modules operated individually, sequentially, or simultaneously, depending on nature of specific prepreg material and prepregging technique used. Machine incorporates number of safety features.

Metalworking Lathe; Machine Shop Work--Intermediate: 9555.03.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

The course outline has been prepared as a guide to assist the instructor to plan systematically and to present meaningful lessons to provide the training needed by the machine shop student. This is the third course of instruction in a series of machine shop work courses. The six blocks of instruction contained in this outline are designed to…

Introduction to Machine Tool Technology, Machine Shop Work--Intermediate: 9555.01.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

The course outline has been prepared as a guide to assist the instructor to plan systematically and to present meaningful lessons programmed to meet the necessary training needed by the machine shop student. A beginning course, the four blocks of instruction contained in the outline are designed to enable the student to obtain the manipulative…

Bench Work and Support Operations, Machine Shop Work--Intermediate: 9555.02.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

The course outline has been prepared as a guide to assist the instructor to plan systematically and to present meaningful lessons programmed to meet the necessary training needed by the machine shop student who has completed an introductory course in machine tool technology. The five blocks of instruction contained in this outline are designed to…

The journey from proton to gamma knife.

PubMed

Ganz, Jeremy C

2014-01-01

It was generally accepted by the early 1960s that proton beam radiosurgery was too complex and impractical. The need was seen for a new machine. The beam design had to be as good as a proton beam. It was also decided that a static design was preferable even if the evolution of that notion is no longer clear. Complex collimators were designed that using sources of cobalt-60 could produce beams with characteristics adequately close to those of proton beams. The geometry of the machine was determined including the distance of the sources from the patient the optimal distance between the sources. The first gamma unit was built with private money with no contribution from the Swedish state, which nonetheless required detailed design information in order to ensure radiation safety. This original machine was built with rectangular collimators to produce lesions for thalamotomy for functional work. However, with the introduction of dopamine analogs, this indication virtually disappeared overnight.

Modelling of human-machine interaction in equipment design of manufacturing cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cochran, David S.; Arinez, Jorge F.; Collins, Micah T.; Bi, Zhuming

2017-08-01

This paper proposes a systematic approach to model human-machine interactions (HMIs) in supervisory control of machining operations; it characterises the coexistence of machines and humans for an enterprise to balance the goals of automation/productivity and flexibility/agility. In the proposed HMI model, an operator is associated with a set of behavioural roles as a supervisor for multiple, semi-automated manufacturing processes. The model is innovative in the sense that (1) it represents an HMI based on its functions for process control but provides the flexibility for ongoing improvements in the execution of manufacturing processes; (2) it provides a computational tool to define functional requirements for an operator in HMIs. The proposed model can be used to design production systems at different levels of an enterprise architecture, particularly at the machine level in a production system where operators interact with semi-automation to accomplish the goal of 'autonomation' - automation that augments the capabilities of human beings.

Space Station man-machine automation trade-off analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimmerman, W. F.; Bard, J.; Feinberg, A.

1985-01-01

The man machine automation tradeoff methodology presented is of four research tasks comprising the autonomous spacecraft system technology (ASST) project. ASST was established to identify and study system level design problems for autonomous spacecraft. Using the Space Station as an example spacecraft system requiring a certain level of autonomous control, a system level, man machine automation tradeoff methodology is presented that: (1) optimizes man machine mixes for different ground and on orbit crew functions subject to cost, safety, weight, power, and reliability constraints, and (2) plots the best incorporation plan for new, emerging technologies by weighing cost, relative availability, reliability, safety, importance to out year missions, and ease of retrofit. A fairly straightforward approach is taken by the methodology to valuing human productivity, it is still sensitive to the important subtleties associated with designing a well integrated, man machine system. These subtleties include considerations such as crew preference to retain certain spacecraft control functions; or valuing human integration/decision capabilities over equivalent hardware/software where appropriate.

Toward a mathematical formalism of performance, task difficulty, and activation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samaras, George M.

1988-01-01

The rudiments of a mathematical formalism for handling operational, physiological, and psychological concepts are developed for use by the man-machine system design engineer. The formalism provides a framework for developing a structured, systematic approach to the interface design problem, using existing mathematical tools, and simplifying the problem of telling a machine how to measure and use performance.

Context in Models of Human-Machine Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Callantine, Todd J.; Null, Cynthia H. (Technical Monitor)

1998-01-01

All human-machine systems models represent context. This paper proposes a theory of context through which models may be usefully related and integrated for design. The paper presents examples of context representation in various models, describes an application to developing models for the Crew Activity Tracking System (CATS), and advances context as a foundation for integrated design of complex dynamic systems.

Computer Aided Drafting and Design, Industrial Manufacturing Technician, and Mechanical Engineering Technician and Machine Tool, Die and Moldmaking Technology. Tech Prep Competency Profile.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mid-East Ohio Tech Prep Consortium, Zanesville.

This document contains competency profiles in four areas: computer-aided drafting and design; industrial manufacturing technician; mechanical engineering technician; and machine tool, die, and moldmaking technology occupations. The profiles are intended for use in articulating tech prep programs from high school through associate degrees in Ohio.…

Technology and Jobs: Computer-Aided Design. Numerical-Control Machine-Tool Operators. Office Automation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stanton, Michael; And Others

1985-01-01

Three reports on the effects of high technology on the nature of work include (1) Stanton on applications and implications of computer-aided design for engineers, drafters, and architects; (2) Nardone on the outlook and training of numerical-control machine tool operators; and (3) Austin and Drake on the future of clerical occupations in automated…

Advanced Aircraft Interfaces: The Machine Side of the Man-Machine Interface (Les Interfaces sur les Avions de Pointe: L’Aspect Machine de l’Interface Homme-Machine)

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-01

Manager , Advanced Transport Operating Systems Program Office Langley Research Center Mail Stop 265 Hampton, VA 23665-5225 United States Programme Committee...J.H.Lind, and C.G.Burge Advanced Cockpit - Mission and Image Management 4 by J. Struck Aircrew Acceptance of Automation in the Cockpit 5 by M. Hicks and I...DESIGN CONCEPTS AND TOOLS A Systems Approach to the Advanced Aircraft Man-Machine Interface 23 by F. Armogida Management of Avionics Data in the Cockpit

Multicutter machining of compound parametric surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hatna, Abdelmadjid; Grieve, R. J.; Broomhead, P.

2000-10-01

Parametric free forms are used in industries as disparate as footwear, toys, sporting goods, ceramics, digital content creation, and conceptual design. Optimizing tool path patterns and minimizing the total machining time is a primordial issue in numerically controlled (NC) machining of free form surfaces. We demonstrate in the present work that multi-cutter machining can achieve as much as 60% reduction in total machining time for compound sculptured surfaces. The given approach is based upon the pre-processing as opposed to the usual post-processing of surfaces for the detection and removal of interference followed by precise tracking of unmachined areas.

The Role of Automata and Machine Theory in School and College Mathematics Syllabuses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holcombe, M.

1981-01-01

The introduction of certain topics in the theory of machines and languages into school and college mathematics courses in place of the more usual discussion of groups and formal logic is proposed. Examples of machines and languages and their interconnections suitable for such courses are outlined. (MP)

Machine Learning in the Big Data Era: Are We There Yet?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sukumar, Sreenivas Rangan

In this paper, we discuss the machine learning challenges of the Big Data era. We observe that recent innovations in being able to collect, access, organize, integrate, and query massive amounts of data from a wide variety of data sources have brought statistical machine learning under more scrutiny and evaluation for gleaning insights from the data than ever before. In that context, we pose and debate the question - Are machine learning algorithms scaling with the ability to store and compute? If yes, how? If not, why not? We survey recent developments in the state-of-the-art to discuss emerging and outstandingmore » challenges in the design and implementation of machine learning algorithms at scale. We leverage experience from real-world Big Data knowledge discovery projects across domains of national security and healthcare to suggest our efforts be focused along the following axes: (i) the data science challenge - designing scalable and flexible computational architectures for machine learning (beyond just data-retrieval); (ii) the science of data challenge the ability to understand characteristics of data before applying machine learning algorithms and tools; and (iii) the scalable predictive functions challenge the ability to construct, learn and infer with increasing sample size, dimensionality, and categories of labels. We conclude with a discussion of opportunities and directions for future research.« less

On the Safety of Machine Learning: Cyber-Physical Systems, Decision Sciences, and Data Products.

PubMed

Varshney, Kush R; Alemzadeh, Homa

2017-09-01

Machine learning algorithms increasingly influence our decisions and interact with us in all parts of our daily lives. Therefore, just as we consider the safety of power plants, highways, and a variety of other engineered socio-technical systems, we must also take into account the safety of systems involving machine learning. Heretofore, the definition of safety has not been formalized in a machine learning context. In this article, we do so by defining machine learning safety in terms of risk, epistemic uncertainty, and the harm incurred by unwanted outcomes. We then use this definition to examine safety in all sorts of applications in cyber-physical systems, decision sciences, and data products. We find that the foundational principle of modern statistical machine learning, empirical risk minimization, is not always a sufficient objective. We discuss how four different categories of strategies for achieving safety in engineering, including inherently safe design, safety reserves, safe fail, and procedural safeguards can be mapped to a machine learning context. We then discuss example techniques that can be adopted in each category, such as considering interpretability and causality of predictive models, objective functions beyond expected prediction accuracy, human involvement for labeling difficult or rare examples, and user experience design of software and open data.

High-throughput state-machine replication using software transactional memory.

PubMed

Zhao, Wenbing; Yang, William; Zhang, Honglei; Yang, Jack; Luo, Xiong; Zhu, Yueqin; Yang, Mary; Luo, Chaomin

2016-11-01

State-machine replication is a common way of constructing general purpose fault tolerance systems. To ensure replica consistency, requests must be executed sequentially according to some total order at all non-faulty replicas. Unfortunately, this could severely limit the system throughput. This issue has been partially addressed by identifying non-conflicting requests based on application semantics and executing these requests concurrently. However, identifying and tracking non-conflicting requests require intimate knowledge of application design and implementation, and a custom fault tolerance solution developed for one application cannot be easily adopted by other applications. Software transactional memory offers a new way of constructing concurrent programs. In this article, we present the mechanisms needed to retrofit existing concurrency control algorithms designed for software transactional memory for state-machine replication. The main benefit for using software transactional memory in state-machine replication is that general purpose concurrency control mechanisms can be designed without deep knowledge of application semantics. As such, new fault tolerance systems based on state-machine replications with excellent throughput can be easily designed and maintained. In this article, we introduce three different concurrency control mechanisms for state-machine replication using software transactional memory, namely, ordered strong strict two-phase locking, conventional timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control, and speculative timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control. Our experiments show that speculative timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control mechanism has the best performance in all types of workload, the conventional timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control offers the worst performance due to high abort rate in the presence of even moderate contention between transactions. The ordered strong strict two-phase locking mechanism offers the simplest solution with excellent performance in low contention workload, and fairly good performance in high contention workload.

High-throughput state-machine replication using software transactional memory

PubMed Central

Yang, William; Zhang, Honglei; Yang, Jack; Luo, Xiong; Zhu, Yueqin; Yang, Mary; Luo, Chaomin

2017-01-01

State-machine replication is a common way of constructing general purpose fault tolerance systems. To ensure replica consistency, requests must be executed sequentially according to some total order at all non-faulty replicas. Unfortunately, this could severely limit the system throughput. This issue has been partially addressed by identifying non-conflicting requests based on application semantics and executing these requests concurrently. However, identifying and tracking non-conflicting requests require intimate knowledge of application design and implementation, and a custom fault tolerance solution developed for one application cannot be easily adopted by other applications. Software transactional memory offers a new way of constructing concurrent programs. In this article, we present the mechanisms needed to retrofit existing concurrency control algorithms designed for software transactional memory for state-machine replication. The main benefit for using software transactional memory in state-machine replication is that general purpose concurrency control mechanisms can be designed without deep knowledge of application semantics. As such, new fault tolerance systems based on state-machine replications with excellent throughput can be easily designed and maintained. In this article, we introduce three different concurrency control mechanisms for state-machine replication using software transactional memory, namely, ordered strong strict two-phase locking, conventional timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control, and speculative timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control. Our experiments show that speculative timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control mechanism has the best performance in all types of workload, the conventional timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control offers the worst performance due to high abort rate in the presence of even moderate contention between transactions. The ordered strong strict two-phase locking mechanism offers the simplest solution with excellent performance in low contention workload, and fairly good performance in high contention workload. PMID:29075049

Design of Ultra-High-Power-Density Machine Optimized for Future Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Choi, Benjamin B.

2004-01-01

The NASA Glenn Research Center's Structural Mechanics and Dynamics Branch is developing a compact, nonpolluting, bearingless electric machine with electric power supplied by fuel cells for future "more-electric" aircraft with specific power in the projected range of 50 hp/lb, whereas conventional electric machines generate usually 0.2 hp/lb. The use of such electric drives for propulsive fans or propellers depends on the successful development of ultra-high-power-density machines. One possible candidate for such ultra-high-power-density machines, a round-rotor synchronous machine with an engineering current density as high as 20,000 A/sq cm, was selected to investigate how much torque and power can be produced.

Benchmarking protein classification algorithms via supervised cross-validation.

PubMed

Kertész-Farkas, Attila; Dhir, Somdutta; Sonego, Paolo; Pacurar, Mircea; Netoteia, Sergiu; Nijveen, Harm; Kuzniar, Arnold; Leunissen, Jack A M; Kocsor, András; Pongor, Sándor

2008-04-24

Development and testing of protein classification algorithms are hampered by the fact that the protein universe is characterized by groups vastly different in the number of members, in average protein size, similarity within group, etc. Datasets based on traditional cross-validation (k-fold, leave-one-out, etc.) may not give reliable estimates on how an algorithm will generalize to novel, distantly related subtypes of the known protein classes. Supervised cross-validation, i.e., selection of test and train sets according to the known subtypes within a database has been successfully used earlier in conjunction with the SCOP database. Our goal was to extend this principle to other databases and to design standardized benchmark datasets for protein classification. Hierarchical classification trees of protein categories provide a simple and general framework for designing supervised cross-validation strategies for protein classification. Benchmark datasets can be designed at various levels of the concept hierarchy using a simple graph-theoretic distance. A combination of supervised and random sampling was selected to construct reduced size model datasets, suitable for algorithm comparison. Over 3000 new classification tasks were added to our recently established protein classification benchmark collection that currently includes protein sequence (including protein domains and entire proteins), protein structure and reading frame DNA sequence data. We carried out an extensive evaluation based on various machine-learning algorithms such as nearest neighbor, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, random forests and logistic regression, used in conjunction with comparison algorithms, BLAST, Smith-Waterman, Needleman-Wunsch, as well as 3D comparison methods DALI and PRIDE. The resulting datasets provide lower, and in our opinion more realistic estimates of the classifier performance than do random cross-validation schemes. A combination of supervised and random sampling was used to construct model datasets, suitable for algorithm comparison.

CAD/CAM/AM applications in the manufacture of dental appliances.

PubMed

Al Mortadi, Noor; Eggbeer, Dominic; Lewis, Jeffrey; Williams, Robert J

2012-11-01

The purposes of this study were to apply the latest developments in additive manufacturing (AM) construction and to evaluate the effectiveness of these computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques in the production of dental appliances. In addition, a new method of incorporating wire into a single build was developed. A scanner was used to capture 3-dimensional images of Class II Division 1 dental models that were translated onto a 2-dimensional computer screen. Andresen and sleep-apnea devices were designed in 3 dimensions by using FreeForm software (version 11; Geo Magics SensAble Group, Wilmington, Mass) and a phantom arm. The design was then exported and transferred to an AM machine for building. Copyright © 2012 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ryan King | NREL

Science.gov Websites

research focuses on optimization and machine learning applied to complex energy systems and turbulent flows techniques to improve wind plant design and controls and developed a new data-driven machine learning closure

Design and Analysis of Linear Fault-Tolerant Permanent-Magnet Vernier Machines

PubMed Central

Xu, Liang; Liu, Guohai; Du, Yi; Liu, Hu

2014-01-01

This paper proposes a new linear fault-tolerant permanent-magnet (PM) vernier (LFTPMV) machine, which can offer high thrust by using the magnetic gear effect. Both PMs and windings of the proposed machine are on short mover, while the long stator is only manufactured from iron. Hence, the proposed machine is very suitable for long stroke system applications. The key of this machine is that the magnetizer splits the two movers with modular and complementary structures. Hence, the proposed machine offers improved symmetrical and sinusoidal back electromotive force waveform and reduced detent force. Furthermore, owing to the complementary structure, the proposed machine possesses favorable fault-tolerant capability, namely, independent phases. In particular, differing from the existing fault-tolerant machines, the proposed machine offers fault tolerance without sacrificing thrust density. This is because neither fault-tolerant teeth nor the flux-barriers are adopted. The electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed machine are analyzed using the time-stepping finite-element method, which verifies the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis. PMID:24982959

Design and analysis of linear fault-tolerant permanent-magnet vernier machines.

PubMed

Xu, Liang; Ji, Jinghua; Liu, Guohai; Du, Yi; Liu, Hu

2014-01-01

This paper proposes a new linear fault-tolerant permanent-magnet (PM) vernier (LFTPMV) machine, which can offer high thrust by using the magnetic gear effect. Both PMs and windings of the proposed machine are on short mover, while the long stator is only manufactured from iron. Hence, the proposed machine is very suitable for long stroke system applications. The key of this machine is that the magnetizer splits the two movers with modular and complementary structures. Hence, the proposed machine offers improved symmetrical and sinusoidal back electromotive force waveform and reduced detent force. Furthermore, owing to the complementary structure, the proposed machine possesses favorable fault-tolerant capability, namely, independent phases. In particular, differing from the existing fault-tolerant machines, the proposed machine offers fault tolerance without sacrificing thrust density. This is because neither fault-tolerant teeth nor the flux-barriers are adopted. The electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed machine are analyzed using the time-stepping finite-element method, which verifies the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.

Application of design sensitivity analysis for greater improvement on machine structural dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yoshimura, Masataka

1987-01-01

Methodologies are presented for greatly improving machine structural dynamics by using design sensitivity analyses and evaluative parameters. First, design sensitivity coefficients and evaluative parameters of structural dynamics are described. Next, the relations between the design sensitivity coefficients and the evaluative parameters are clarified. Then, design improvement procedures of structural dynamics are proposed for the following three cases: (1) addition of elastic structural members, (2) addition of mass elements, and (3) substantial charges of joint design variables. Cases (1) and (2) correspond to the changes of the initial framework or configuration, and (3) corresponds to the alteration of poor initial design variables. Finally, numerical examples are given for demonstrating the availability of the methods proposed.

Finite Element Structural Analysis of a Low Energy Micro Sheet Forming Machine Concept Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Razali, A. R.; Ann, C. T.; Ahmad, A. F.; Shariff, H. M.; Kasim, N. I.; Musa, M. A.

2017-05-01

It is forecasted that with the miniaturization of materials being processed, energy consumption will also be ‘miniaturized’ proportionally. The aim of this researchis to design a low energy micro-sheet-forming machine for the application of thin sheet metal. A fewconcept designsof machine structure were produced. With the help of FE software, the structure is then subjected to a forming force to observe deflection in the structure for the selection of the best and simplest design. Comparison studies between mild steel and aluminium alloys 6061 were made with a view to examine the most suitable material to be used. Based on the analysis, allowable maximum tolerance was set at 2.5µm and it was found that aluminium alloy 6061 suffice to be used.

Machine Learning Techniques in Clinical Vision Sciences.

PubMed

Caixinha, Miguel; Nunes, Sandrina

2017-01-01

This review presents and discusses the contribution of machine learning techniques for diagnosis and disease monitoring in the context of clinical vision science. Many ocular diseases leading to blindness can be halted or delayed when detected and treated at its earliest stages. With the recent developments in diagnostic devices, imaging and genomics, new sources of data for early disease detection and patients' management are now available. Machine learning techniques emerged in the biomedical sciences as clinical decision-support techniques to improve sensitivity and specificity of disease detection and monitoring, increasing objectively the clinical decision-making process. This manuscript presents a review in multimodal ocular disease diagnosis and monitoring based on machine learning approaches. In the first section, the technical issues related to the different machine learning approaches will be present. Machine learning techniques are used to automatically recognize complex patterns in a given dataset. These techniques allows creating homogeneous groups (unsupervised learning), or creating a classifier predicting group membership of new cases (supervised learning), when a group label is available for each case. To ensure a good performance of the machine learning techniques in a given dataset, all possible sources of bias should be removed or minimized. For that, the representativeness of the input dataset for the true population should be confirmed, the noise should be removed, the missing data should be treated and the data dimensionally (i.e., the number of parameters/features and the number of cases in the dataset) should be adjusted. The application of machine learning techniques in ocular disease diagnosis and monitoring will be presented and discussed in the second section of this manuscript. To show the clinical benefits of machine learning in clinical vision sciences, several examples will be presented in glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, these ocular pathologies being the major causes of irreversible visual impairment.

Intelligible machine learning with malibu.

PubMed

Langlois, Robert E; Lu, Hui

2008-01-01

malibu is an open-source machine learning work-bench developed in C/C++ for high-performance real-world applications, namely bioinformatics and medical informatics. It leverages third-party machine learning implementations for more robust bug-free software. This workbench handles several well-studied supervised machine learning problems including classification, regression, importance-weighted classification and multiple-instance learning. The malibu interface was designed to create reproducible experiments ideally run in a remote and/or command line environment. The software can be found at: http://proteomics.bioengr. uic.edu/malibu/index.html.

Fault Tolerant State Machines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burke, Gary R.; Taft, Stephanie

2004-01-01

State machines are commonly used to control sequential logic in FPGAs and ASKS. An errant state machine can cause considerable damage to the device it is controlling. For example in space applications, the FPGA might be controlling Pyros, which when fired at the wrong time will cause a mission failure. Even a well designed state machine can be subject to random errors us a result of SEUs from the radiation environment in space. There are various ways to encode the states of a state machine, and the type of encoding makes a large difference in the susceptibility of the state machine to radiation. In this paper we compare 4 methods of state machine encoding and find which method gives the best fault tolerance, as well as determining the resources needed for each method.

Linear-hall sensor based force detecting unit for lower limb exoskeleton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Hongwu; Zhu, Yanhe; Zhao, Jie; Wang, Tianshuo; Zhang, Zongwei

2018-04-01

This paper describes a knee-joint human-machine interaction force sensor for lower-limb force-assistance exoskeleton. The structure is designed based on hall sensor and series elastic actuator (SEA) structure. The work we have done includes the structure design, the parameter determination and dynamic simulation. By converting the force signal into macro displacement and output voltage, we completed the measurement of man-machine interaction force. And it is proved by experiments that the design is simple, stable and low-cost.

Fast Fourier Transform algorithm design and tradeoffs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kamin, Ray A., III; Adams, George B., III

1988-01-01

The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a mainstay of certain numerical techniques for solving fluid dynamics problems. The Connection Machine CM-2 is the target for an investigation into the design of multidimensional Single Instruction Stream/Multiple Data (SIMD) parallel FFT algorithms for high performance. Critical algorithm design issues are discussed, necessary machine performance measurements are identified and made, and the performance of the developed FFT programs are measured. Fast Fourier Transform programs are compared to the currently best Cray-2 FFT program.