25 CFR 900.93 - When may the Secretary elect to acquire title to contractor-purchased property?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Property Donation Procedures Contractor-Purchased...) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section when a self-determination contract or grant agreement... a current fair market value, less the cost of improvements borne by the Indian tribe or tribal...

25 CFR 900.93 - When may the Secretary elect to acquire title to contractor-purchased property?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Property Donation Procedures Contractor-Purchased...) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section when a self-determination contract or grant agreement... a current fair market value, less the cost of improvements borne by the Indian tribe or tribal...

25 CFR 900.93 - When may the Secretary elect to acquire title to contractor-purchased property?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Property Donation Procedures Contractor-Purchased...) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section when a self-determination contract or grant agreement... a current fair market value, less the cost of improvements borne by the Indian tribe or tribal...

25 CFR 900.93 - When may the Secretary elect to acquire title to contractor-purchased property?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Property Donation Procedures Contractor-Purchased...) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section when a self-determination contract or grant agreement... a current fair market value, less the cost of improvements borne by the Indian tribe or tribal...

45 CFR 74.34 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... equipment with a current per unit fair market value of $5000 or more, the recipient may retain the equipment... the original project or program to the current fair market value of the equipment. If the recipient... project or program to the current fair market value of the equipment, plus any reasonable shipping or...

34 CFR 74.34 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... following standards: (1) For equipment with a current per unit fair market value of $5000 or more, the... the cost of the original project or program to the current fair market value of the equipment. (2) If... the current fair market value of the equipment, plus any reasonable shipping or interim storage costs...

7 CFR 277.13 - Property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the cost of the property to the current fair market value of the property. (3) Disposition. If the... the cost of the property to the current fair market value of the property, plus any shipping or... property to the current fair market value of the property, and for any reasonable shipping and interim...

32 CFR 32.34 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... current fair market value where a recipient compensates the DoD Component that made the award for its... following standards. (1) For equipment with a current per unit fair market value of $5,000 or more, the... current fair market value of the equipment. (2) If the recipient has no need for the equipment, the...

10 CFR 600.134 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the following standards. Equipment with a current per-unit fair market value of less than $5000 may be... with a current per unit fair market value of $5000 or more, the recipient may retain the equipment for... the cost of the original project or program to the current fair market value of the equipment. If the...

23 CFR 710.709 - Determination of fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... RIGHT-OF-WAY AND REAL ESTATE Concession Agreements § 710.709 Determination of fair market value. (a) Fair market value may be determined either on a best value basis, highest net present value of the... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Determination of fair market value. 710.709 Section 710...

23 CFR 710.709 - Determination of fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... RIGHT-OF-WAY AND REAL ESTATE Concession Agreements § 710.709 Determination of fair market value. (a) Fair market value may be determined either on a best value basis, highest net present value of the... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Determination of fair market value. 710.709 Section 710...

23 CFR 710.709 - Determination of fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... RIGHT-OF-WAY AND REAL ESTATE Concession Agreements § 710.709 Determination of fair market value. (a) Fair market value may be determined either on a best value basis, highest net present value of the... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Determination of fair market value. 710.709 Section 710...

25 CFR 900.89 - When may the Secretary elect to reacquire government-furnished property whose title has been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION... tribal organization? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, when a self-determination... program; and (3) That has a current fair market value, less the cost of improvements borne by the Indian...

25 CFR 900.89 - When may the Secretary elect to reacquire government-furnished property whose title has been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION... tribal organization? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, when a self-determination... program; and (3) That has a current fair market value, less the cost of improvements borne by the Indian...

25 CFR 900.89 - When may the Secretary elect to reacquire government-furnished property whose title has been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION... tribal organization? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, when a self-determination... program; and (3) That has a current fair market value, less the cost of improvements borne by the Indian...

25 CFR 900.89 - When may the Secretary elect to reacquire government-furnished property whose title has been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION... tribal organization? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, when a self-determination... program; and (3) That has a current fair market value, less the cost of improvements borne by the Indian...

25 CFR 900.89 - When may the Secretary elect to reacquire government-furnished property whose title has been...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION... tribal organization? (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, when a self-determination... program; and (3) That has a current fair market value, less the cost of improvements borne by the Indian...

A squid-based beam current monitor for FAIR/CRYRING

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geithner, Rene; Kurian, Febin; Reeg, Hansjörg; Schwickert, Marcus; Neubert, Ralf; Seidel, Paul; Stöhlker, Thomas

2015-11-01

A SQUID-based beam current monitor was developed for the upcoming FAIR-Project, providing a non-destructive online monitoring of the beam currents in the nA-range. The cryogenic current comparator (CCC) was optimized for lowest possible noise-limited current resolution together with a high system bandwidth. This CCC is foreseen to be installed in the CRYRING facility (CRYRING@ESR: A study group report www.gsi.de/fileadmin/SPARC/documents/Cryring/ReportCryring_40ESR.PDF), working as a test bench for FAIR. In this contribution we present results of the completed CCC for FAIR/CRYRING and also arrangements that have been done for the installation of the CCC at CRYRING, regarding the cryostat design.

Skin Color, Cultural Capital, and Beauty Products: An Investigation of the Use of Skin Fairness Products in Mumbai, India

PubMed Central

Shroff, Hemal; Diedrichs, Phillippa C.; Craddock, Nadia

2018-01-01

The use of skin fairness products that frequently contain toxic ingredients is associated with significant adverse health side effects. Due to the high prevalence of use in Asian and African countries, skin fairness product use is recognized as a growing public health concern. The multi-million-dollar skin fairness product industry has also been criticized for perpetuating racism and social inequalities by reinforcing beliefs about the benefits of skin fairness for cultural capital. No quantitative studies have assessed people’s beliefs about fairness and reasons for using or not using these products in India, one of the largest global markets for skin fairness products. The current study explored skin fairness product use among 1,992 women and men aged 16–60 years in the city of Mumbai, India using a self-report questionnaire. A total of 37.6% of the sample reported currently using skin fairness products, with women being two times more likely to use these products. Among current users, 17% reported past experiences of adverse side effects, and “Media/TV/Adverts” were the most common prompts for using fairness products, followed by “Friends” and “Family.” Men were significantly more likely than women to endorse beliefs about fairness being more attractive and were more likely to perceive family and peers as viewing fairness as beneficial for cultural capital. There were no differences between women and men currently using products in their desire to look as fair as media celebrities. Among non-users, women were significantly more likely than men to report concerns about product efficacy and side effects as reasons for non-use, while men were significantly more likely to report socioeconomic reasons for non-use. Implications of these findings are discussed in light of growing public health concerns about the use of fairness products, and potential for advocacy and public health interventions to address the use of skin fairness products. PMID:29410952

Skin Color, Cultural Capital, and Beauty Products: An Investigation of the Use of Skin Fairness Products in Mumbai, India.

PubMed

Shroff, Hemal; Diedrichs, Phillippa C; Craddock, Nadia

2017-01-01

The use of skin fairness products that frequently contain toxic ingredients is associated with significant adverse health side effects. Due to the high prevalence of use in Asian and African countries, skin fairness product use is recognized as a growing public health concern. The multi-million-dollar skin fairness product industry has also been criticized for perpetuating racism and social inequalities by reinforcing beliefs about the benefits of skin fairness for cultural capital. No quantitative studies have assessed people's beliefs about fairness and reasons for using or not using these products in India, one of the largest global markets for skin fairness products. The current study explored skin fairness product use among 1,992 women and men aged 16-60 years in the city of Mumbai, India using a self-report questionnaire. A total of 37.6% of the sample reported currently using skin fairness products, with women being two times more likely to use these products. Among current users, 17% reported past experiences of adverse side effects, and "Media/TV/Adverts" were the most common prompts for using fairness products, followed by "Friends" and "Family." Men were significantly more likely than women to endorse beliefs about fairness being more attractive and were more likely to perceive family and peers as viewing fairness as beneficial for cultural capital. There were no differences between women and men currently using products in their desire to look as fair as media celebrities. Among non-users, women were significantly more likely than men to report concerns about product efficacy and side effects as reasons for non-use, while men were significantly more likely to report socioeconomic reasons for non-use. Implications of these findings are discussed in light of growing public health concerns about the use of fairness products, and potential for advocacy and public health interventions to address the use of skin fairness products.

75 FR 14126 - Amended Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Diamond Sawblades and Parts Thereof...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-24

... of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Diamond Sawblades and Parts Thereof From the Republic of Korea... Department'') published its notice of final determination of sales at less than fair value (``LTFV'') in the... Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Final Determination of Critical...

29 CFR 531.5 - Making determinations of “fair value.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Making determinations of âfair value.â 531.5 Section 531.5... Valueâ; Effects of Collective Bargaining Agreements § 531.5 Making determinations of “fair value.” (a) Procedure. The procedures governing the making of determinations of the “fair value” of board, lodging, or...

25 CFR 900.255 - What obligation does the Indian tribe or tribal organization have with respect to returning...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND... provided under the contract which has a per item current fair market value, less the cost of improvements...

25 CFR 900.255 - What obligation does the Indian tribe or tribal organization have with respect to returning...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND... provided under the contract which has a per item current fair market value, less the cost of improvements...

25 CFR 900.255 - What obligation does the Indian tribe or tribal organization have with respect to returning...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND... provided under the contract which has a per item current fair market value, less the cost of improvements...

25 CFR 900.255 - What obligation does the Indian tribe or tribal organization have with respect to returning...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND... provided under the contract which has a per item current fair market value, less the cost of improvements...

25 CFR 900.255 - What obligation does the Indian tribe or tribal organization have with respect to returning...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CONTRACTS UNDER THE INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND... provided under the contract which has a per item current fair market value, less the cost of improvements...

10 CFR 600.313 - Cost sharing or matching.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...'s accounting records at the time of donation; or (ii) The current fair market value. If there is...) Valuing volunteer services. Volunteer services furnished by professional and technical personnel... charges. When use charges are applied, values must be determined in accordance with the usual accounting...

76 FR 5562 - Polyvinyl Alcohol From Taiwan: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-01

... Taiwan: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value AGENCY: Import Administration, International... United States at less than fair value (LTFV), as provided in section 735 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as... Taiwan: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Postponement of Final...

Science Teachers' Views about the Science Fair at Primary Education Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tortop, Hasan Said

2013-01-01

Science fair is an environment where students present their scientific research projects. Opinions of science teachers who participated as a mentor in science fair are important for determining of the science fair quality and its contribution of science education. The aim of study was to determine science teachers' views about the science fair at…

Fair fund distribution for a municipal incinerator using GIS-based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.

PubMed

Chang, Ni-Bin; Chang, Ying-Hsi; Chen, Ho-Wen

2009-01-01

Burning municipal solid waste (MSW) can generate energy and reduce the waste volume, which delivers benefits to society through resources conservation. But current practices by society are not sustainable because the associated environmental impacts of waste incineration on urbanized regions have been a long-standing concern in local communities. Public reluctance with regard to accepting the incinerators as typical utilities often results in an intensive debate concerning how much welfare is lost for those residents living in the vicinity of those incinerators. As the measure of welfare change with respect to environmental quality constraints nearby these incinerators remains critical, new arguments related to how to allocate the fair fund among affected communities became a focal point in environmental management. Given the fact that most County fair fund rules allow a great deal of flexibility for redistribution, little is known about what type of methodology may be a good fit to determine the distribution of such a fair fund under uncertainty. This paper purports to demonstrate a system-based approach that helps any fair fund distribution, which is made with respect to residents' possible claim for fair damages due to the installation of a new incinerator. Holding a case study using integrated geographic information system (GIS) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) for finding out the most appropriate distribution strategy between two neighboring towns in Taipei County, Taiwan demonstrates the application potential. Participants in determining the use of a fair fund also follow a highly democratic procedure where all stakeholders involved eventually express a high level of satisfaction with the results facilitating the final decision making process. It ensures that plans for the distribution of such a fair fund were carefully thought out and justified with a multi-faceted nature that covers political, socio-economic, technical, environmental, public health, and industrial aspects.

12 CFR 206.4 - Credit exposure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... current market value of the collateral; (2) The proceeds of checks and other cash items deposited in an... that may be sold in ordinary circumstances with reasonable promptness at a fair market value determined... cannot obtain adequate information concerning the capital ratios of the correspondent, the bank shall...

50 CFR 12.37 - Sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the item or species may be lawfully traded in interstate commerce; and (5) Protected under the Marine... interstate commerce. (b) Wildlife and plants must be sold in accordance with current Federal Property... for its fair market value if the Director determines that it is liable to perish, deteriorate, decay...

77 FR 23813 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

... bldg. 4704 and dispatch--bldg 4707, fair conditions; need repairs Bldg. 8404 Redstone Arsenal Redstone...; current use: varies; fair to poor conditions--bldgs. need repairs; possible asbestos 5 Bldgs. Hunter Army...: 1208, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1221 Comments: Off-site removal only; sq. ft. varies; current use: varies; fair...

A simple model of proton damage in GaAs solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, J. W.; Walker, G. H.; Outlaw, R. A.

1982-01-01

A simple proton damage model for GaAs solar cells is derived and compared to experimental values of change in short circuit currents. The recombination cross section associated with the defects was determined from the experimental comparison to be approximately 1.2 x 10 to the -13th power sq cm in fair agreement with values determined from the deep level transient spectroscopy technique.

Feasibility of using piezoelectric actuators to control launch vehicle acoustics and structural vibrations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niezrecki, Christopher; Cudney, Harley H.

2000-06-01

Future launch vehicle payload fairings will be manufactured form advanced lightweight composite materials. The loss of distributed mass causes a significant increase in the internal acoustic environment, causing a severe threat to the payload. Using piezoelectric actuators to control the fairing vibration and the internal acoustic environment has been proposed. To help determine the acoustic control authority of piezoelectric actuators mounted on a rocket fairing, the internal acoustic response created by the actuators needs to be determined. In this work, the internal acoustic response of a closed simply-supported (SS) cylinder actuated by piezoelectric (PZT) actuators is determined using a n impedance model for the actuator and boundary element analysis. The experimentally validated model is used to extrapolate results for a SS cylinder that emulates a Minotaur payload fairing. The internal cylinder acoustic levels are investigated for PZT actuation between 35 and 400 Hz. Significant reductions in the structural response due to increased damping do not equate to similar reductions in the acoustic SPLs for the cylinder. The sound levels at the acoustic resonant frequencies are essentially unaffected by the significant increase in structural damping while the acoustic level sat the structural resonant frequencies are mildly reduced. The interior acoustic response of the cylinder is dominated by the acoustic modes and therefore significant reductions in the overall interior acoustic levels will not be achieved if only the structural resonances are controlled. As the actuation frequency is reduced, the number of actuators required to generate acoustic levels commensurate to that found in the fairing increases to impractical values. Below approximately 100 Hz, the current demands reach levels that are extremely difficult to achieve with a practical system. The results of this work imply that PZT actuators do not have the authority to control the payload fairing internal acoustics below approximately 100 Hz.

A Survey of the Use of Business Games in Academia and Business.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faria, A. J.

1987-01-01

Designed to determine the number of business simulation game users in universities and the business community, this study is based on a survey of business school deans and faculty and business and consulting firms. Results indicate fairly high current usage with good potential for further growth. (LRW)

78 FR 40403 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products and Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-05

... from today's proposed determination. There currently is no statutory definition of portable ACs. DOE...\\ Transparency Media Research. Air Conditioning Systems Market--Global Scenario, Trends, Industry Analysis, Size... amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996) requires preparation of an...

75 FR 16431 - Polyethylene Retail Carrier Bags From Indonesia: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-01

... Bags From Indonesia: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value AGENCY: Import Administration...) has determined that imports of polyethylene retail carrier bags (PRCBs) from Indonesia are being, or... Retail Carrier Bags from Indonesia: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and...

An Examination of Distributive and Relational Justice in the Issue of Education Fairness for Urban Migrant Workers' Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yun, Luo; Jingxun, Zhong; Rongguang, Zeng

2017-01-01

Current arguments on educational fairness for the children of migrant workers in cities primarily promote the opportunity to enroll in local public schools. Drawing on current research, as well as discussions of fairness and justice from Aristotle in the classical period to Rawls, Dworkin, Walzer, and the contemporary scholar Young, we investigate…

Teachers' Perceptions of Administrative Support and Antecedents of Turnover

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell, Elizabeth Morgan; Williams, Sue W.; Gleason-Gomez, Cheryl

2010-01-01

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the degree to which teachers' age, perceptions of fair pay, receipt of employer-sponsored health insurance, and administrative support, as operationalized by the Competing Values Framework, predicted antecedents of turnover. Teachers' thoughts of leaving their current job and commitment to a center…

Analysis of Commercial Pricing Factors: A Framework for Commercial Item Pricing

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-03-01

24 A. INTRODUCTION ...................................24 B. PRICING THEORIES ...............................25 1. Market Theory ...25 2. Transactional Cost Economics .................30 3. Game or Bargaining Theory ....................35 C. CURRENT PRICE...from Congressional intent to have the Government acquisition process rely on market forces to determine fair and reasonable prices. (Ref. 22, p. 2

Enhancing the Quality of Service for Real Time Traffic over Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks with Ensuring the Fairness for Other Traffics.

PubMed

Al-Shargabi, Mohammed A; Shaikh, Asadullah; Ismail, Abdulsamad S

2016-01-01

Optical burst switching (OBS) networks have been attracting much consideration as a promising approach to build the next generation optical Internet. A solution for enhancing the Quality of Service (QoS) for high priority real time traffic over OBS with the fairness among the traffic types is absent in current OBS' QoS schemes. In this paper we present a novel Real Time Quality of Service with Fairness Ratio (RT-QoSFR) scheme that can adapt the burst assembly parameters according to the traffic QoS needs in order to enhance the real time traffic QoS requirements and to ensure the fairness for other traffic. The results show that RT-QoSFR scheme is able to fulfill the real time traffic requirements (end to end delay, and loss rate) ensuring the fairness for other traffics under various conditions such as the type of real time traffic and traffic load. RT-QoSFR can guarantee that the delay of the real time traffic packets does not exceed the maximum packets transfer delay value. Furthermore, it can reduce the real time traffic packets loss, at the same time guarantee the fairness for non real time traffic packets by determining the ratio of real time traffic inside the burst to be 50-60%, 30-40%, and 10-20% for high, normal, and low traffic loads respectively.

13 CFR 124.511 - How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... other data it used in making its estimate. (c) The procuring activity's estimate of fair market price... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How is fair market price... Development Contractual Assistance § 124.511 How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract? (a) The...

13 CFR 124.511 - How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... other data it used in making its estimate. (c) The procuring activity's estimate of fair market price... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false How is fair market price... Development Contractual Assistance § 124.511 How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract? (a) The...

13 CFR 124.511 - How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... other data it used in making its estimate. (c) The procuring activity's estimate of fair market price... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How is fair market price... Development Contractual Assistance § 124.511 How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract? (a) The...

13 CFR 124.511 - How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... other data it used in making its estimate. (c) The procuring activity's estimate of fair market price... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false How is fair market price... Development Contractual Assistance § 124.511 How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract? (a) The...

13 CFR 124.511 - How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... other data it used in making its estimate. (c) The procuring activity's estimate of fair market price... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How is fair market price... Development Contractual Assistance § 124.511 How is fair market price determined for an 8(a) contract? (a) The...

29 CFR 531.33 - “Reasonable cost”; “fair value.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false âReasonable costâ; âfair value.â 531.33 Section 531.33....33 “Reasonable cost”; “fair value.” (a) Section 3(m) directs the Administrator to determine “the... authorizes him to determine “the fair value” of such facilities for defined classes of employees and in...

77 FR 17427 - Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Galvanized Steel Wire From Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-26

... Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Galvanized Steel Wire From Mexico AGENCY: Import Administration... the investigation of sales at less than fair value of galvanized steel wire (galvanized wire) from Mexico.\\1\\ \\1\\ See Galvanized Steel Wire from Mexico: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than...

Why change. A look at the current system of disability determination and workers' compensation for occupational lung disease

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Richman, S.I.

1982-12-01

Under the current system of disability determination and workers' compensation for occupational lung disease, disabled workers or their survivors can reasonably count on being compensated. However, by rejecting established scientific truth in order to pay workers' compensation in circumstances where disability or death had not been due to occupation, the system has operated unfairly and has undermined public confidence and respect. To gain more scientific integrity and fairness, the system should be changed to provide for adjudication by scientifically informed disability boards. The adversary system sould be retained, however, as needed protection against bias, quackery, and mendacity.

48 CFR 19.202-6 - Determination of fair market price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... market price. 19.202-6 Section 19.202-6 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Policies 19.202-6 Determination of fair market price. (a) The fair market price shall be the price achieved in accordance with the reasonable price...

36 CFR 1210.32 - Real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 1210.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL... Government after it compensates the Federal Government for that percentage of the current fair market value... that percentage of the current fair market value of the property attributable to the Federal...

Enhancing the Quality of Service for Real Time Traffic over Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks with Ensuring the Fairness for Other Traffics

PubMed Central

Al-Shargabi, Mohammed A.; Ismail, Abdulsamad S.

2016-01-01

Optical burst switching (OBS) networks have been attracting much consideration as a promising approach to build the next generation optical Internet. A solution for enhancing the Quality of Service (QoS) for high priority real time traffic over OBS with the fairness among the traffic types is absent in current OBS’ QoS schemes. In this paper we present a novel Real Time Quality of Service with Fairness Ratio (RT-QoSFR) scheme that can adapt the burst assembly parameters according to the traffic QoS needs in order to enhance the real time traffic QoS requirements and to ensure the fairness for other traffic. The results show that RT-QoSFR scheme is able to fulfill the real time traffic requirements (end to end delay, and loss rate) ensuring the fairness for other traffics under various conditions such as the type of real time traffic and traffic load. RT-QoSFR can guarantee that the delay of the real time traffic packets does not exceed the maximum packets transfer delay value. Furthermore, it can reduce the real time traffic packets loss, at the same time guarantee the fairness for non real time traffic packets by determining the ratio of real time traffic inside the burst to be 50–60%, 30–40%, and 10–20% for high, normal, and low traffic loads respectively. PMID:27583557

12 CFR 703.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... an investment to a counterparty at a price above its current fair value and simultaneously purchasing or committing to purchase from the counterparty another investment at a price above its current fair... Obligation means a class of a collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO) that, at the time of purchase...

How Fair? Changes in Federal Income Taxation and the Distribution of Income, 1978 to 1998

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alm, James; Lee, Fitzroy; Wallace, Sally

2005-01-01

In this paper, we determine how tax law and income distribution changes have separately contributed to the changes in tax progressivity over time, and also how a specific pre-tax distribution of income affects the equalizing ability of a given tax change. We use information from the Current Population Survey for years that follow immediately after…

75 FR 51979 - Narrow Woven Ribbons with Woven Selvedge from the People's Republic of China: Amended Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-24

... Fair Value AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce... Department'') published the final determination of sales at less than fair value (``LTFV'') in the... Republic of China: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, 75 FR 41808 (July 19, 2010...

76 FR 23277 - Certain Frozen Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, India, the People's Republic of China, Thailand, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-26

... Fair Value: Certain Frozen and Canned Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, 69 FR 76910 (December 23, 2004); Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Certain Frozen and Canned Warmwater... Fair Value and Negative Final Determination of Critical Circumstances: Certain Frozen and Canned...

Induced electric currents in the Alaska oil pipeline measured by gradient, fluxgate, and SQUID magnetometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, W. H.; Zimmerman, J. E.

1979-01-01

The field gradient method for observing the electric currents in the Alaska pipeline provided consistent values for both the fluxgate and SQUID method of observation. These currents were linearly related to the regularly measured electric and magnetic field changes. Determinations of pipeline current were consistent with values obtained by a direct connection, current shunt technique at a pipeline site about 9.6 km away. The gradient method has the distinct advantage of portability and buried- pipe capability. Field gradients due to the pipe magnetization, geological features, or ionospheric source currents do not seem to contribute a measurable error to such pipe current determination. The SQUID gradiometer is inherently sensitive enough to detect very small currents in a linear conductor at 10 meters, or conversely, to detect small currents of one amphere or more at relatively great distances. It is fairly straightforward to achieve imbalance less than one part in ten thousand, and with extreme care, one part in one million or better.

40 CFR 35.6340 - Disposal of CERCLA-funded property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund... Substance Superfund for EPA's vested interest in the current fair market value of the equipment at the time... supplies and reimburse the Hazardous Substance Superfund for EPA's interest in the current fair market...

36 CFR 1210.23 - Cost sharing or matching.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... 1210.23 Section 1210.23 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS... records at the time of donation. (2) The current fair market value. However, when there is sufficient justification, the NHPRC may approve the use of the current fair market value of the donated property, even if...

75 FR 27299 - Certain Frozen Warmwater Shrimp from Brazil, India, the People's Republic of China and Thailand...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-14

... Thailand. See Notice of Amended Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Antidumping Duty... Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Antidumping Duty Order: Certain Frozen... at Less Than Fair Value and Antidumping Duty Order: Certain Frozen Warmwater Shrimp From the People's...

78 FR 11429 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-15

... Status: Unutilized Comments: off-site removal only; sf varies; office/school/barracks; fair conditions....; current use: office; fair condition; asbestos and lead based paint identified NORTH CAROLINA LAND 0.14...; fair to poor conditions; asbestos and lead; need repairs; need prior approval to access property B...

78 FR 53821 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-30

...: Excess Comments: Off-site removal only; 8,736 sq. ft.; current use: Administrative office; fair....; Admin. 3 mons. vacant; fair conditions; w/in secured area; contact Army for accessibility/ removal reqs... Number: 21201310012 Status: Excess Comments: Off-site removal only; 2,100 sf.; Admin.; fair conditions; w...

78 FR 15127 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-08

..., 913 Comments: Off-site removal only; sf varies; housing; fair to poor conditions; asbestos and lead.... ft.; current use: Administrative office; fair conditions--bldg. need repairs; possible asbestos 10...: Excess Comments: Off-site removal only; 4,100 sf.; Admin. 3 mons. vacant; fair conditions; w/in secured...

29 CFR 531.4 - Making determinations of “reasonable cost.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938 Determinations of âReasonable Costâ and âFair Valueâ; Effects of Collective Bargaining Agreements § 531.4 Making determinations of “reasonable...

An Investigation of the Drag of Windshields in the 8-Foot High-Speed Wind Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Russell G.; Delano, James B.

1939-01-01

The drag of closed-cockpit and transport-type windshields was determined from tests made at speeds from 200 to 440 miles per hour in the NACA 8-foot high-speed wind tunnel. This speed range corresponds to a test Reynolds number range of 2,510,000 to 4,830,000 based on the mean aerodynamic chord of the full-span model (17.29 inches). The shapes of the windshield proper, the hood, and the tail fairing were systematically varied to include common types and a refined design. Transport types varied from a reproduction of a current type to a completely faired windshield. The results show that the drag of windshields of the same frontal area, on airplanes of small to medium size, may account for 15% of the airplane drag or may be reduced to 1%. Optimum values are given for windshield and tail-fairing lengths; the effect, at various radii is shown. The longitudinal profile of a windshield is shown to be most important and the transverse profile, to be much less important. The effects of retaining strips, of steps for telescoping hoods, and of recessed windows are determined. The results show that the drag of transport-type windshields may account for 21% of the fuselage drag or may be reduced to 2%.

36 CFR 1207.32 - Equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 1207.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL RULES... as follows: (1) Items of equipment with a current per-unit fair market value of less than $5,000 may...) Items of equipment with a current per unit fair market value in excess of $5,000 may be retained or sold...

Fairness expectations and altruistic sharing in 15-month-old human infants.

PubMed

Schmidt, Marco F H; Sommerville, Jessica A

2011-01-01

Human cooperation is a key driving force behind the evolutionary success of our hominin lineage. At the proximate level, biologists and social scientists have identified other-regarding preferences--such as fairness based on egalitarian motives, and altruism--as likely candidates for fostering large-scale cooperation. A critical question concerns the ontogenetic origins of these constituents of cooperative behavior, as well as whether they emerge independently or in an interrelated fashion. The answer to this question will shed light on the interdisciplinary debate regarding the significance of such preferences for explaining how humans become such cooperative beings. We investigated 15-month-old infants' sensitivity to fairness, and their altruistic behavior, assessed via infants' reactions to a third-party resource distribution task, and via a sharing task. Our results challenge current models of the development of fairness and altruism in two ways. First, in contrast to past work suggesting that fairness and altruism may not emerge until early to mid-childhood, 15-month-old infants are sensitive to fairness and can engage in altruistic sharing. Second, infants' degree of sensitivity to fairness as a third-party observer was related to whether they shared toys altruistically or selfishly, indicating that moral evaluations and prosocial behavior are heavily interconnected from early in development. Our results present the first evidence that the roots of a basic sense of fairness and altruism can be found in infancy, and that these other-regarding preferences develop in a parallel and interwoven fashion. These findings support arguments for an evolutionary basis--most likely in dialectical manner including both biological and cultural mechanisms--of human egalitarianism given the rapidly developing nature of other-regarding preferences and their role in the evolution of human-specific forms of cooperation. Future work of this kind will help determine to what extent uniquely human sociality and morality depend on other-regarding preferences emerging early in life.

On the relation between trust and fairness in environmental risk management.

PubMed

Earle, Timothy C; Siegrist, Michael

2008-10-01

In this study, we empirically examine the relations between trust, fairness, and cooperation within two environmental risk management contexts, one in which the focal issue is of high personal moral importance and the other in which the focal issue is of low moral importance. Using an experimental design embedded in two parallel survey questionnaires, one mailed to residents of Washington State, the other to German-speaking residents of Switzerland, we either manipulated or constructed three factors, issue importance (high/low), procedural fairness (fair/unfair), and policy outcome (risk averse/risk accepting). This design enabled us to compare the predictions of the standard account of procedural fairness, that trust and cooperation are determined by judgments of fairness, with the predictions of an alternative account, that trust and cooperation will be determined by judgments of procedural fairness only when the issue involved is not morally important. Results for the American case showed that under conditions of high issue importance, policy outcome affected judged fairness, trust, and cooperation. Under conditions of low issue importance, policy outcome had no effect on judged fairness or trust but did have a moderate impact on cooperation. Analyses also showed that when issue importance was high, procedural fairness had no effects. When issue importance was low, procedural fairness had moderate effects on judged fairness and trust. Results for the Swiss case replicated the main findings for the American case. Together, these results support the alternative model of the relation between trust and fairness, suggesting that the efficacy of fair procedures is strictly limited.

12 CFR 217.210 - Standardized measurement method for specific risk

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... current fair value of the transaction plus the absolute value of the present value of all remaining... a securitization position and its credit derivative hedge has a specific risk add-on of zero if: (i... institution must multiply the absolute value of the current fair value of each net long or net short debt or...

12 CFR 3.210 - Standardized measurement method for specific risk

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... purchased credit protection is capped at the current fair value of the transaction plus the absolute value... specific risk add-on of zero if: (i) The debt or securitization position is fully hedged by a total return... absolute value of the current fair value of each net long or net short debt or securitization position in...

Fair Use Challenges in Academic and Research Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Association of Research Libraries, 2010

2010-01-01

This report summarizes research into the current application of fair use to meet the missions of U.S. academic and research libraries. Sixty-five librarians were interviewed confidentially by telephone for around one hour each. They were asked about their employment of fair use in five key areas of practice: support for teaching and learning,…

Theory of Mind Enhances Preference for Fairness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Takagishi, Haruto; Kameshima, Shinya; Schug, Joanna; Koizumi, Michiko; Yamagishi, Toshio

2010-01-01

The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of theory of mind in fairness-related behavior in preschoolers and to introduce a tool for examining fairness-related behavior in children. A total of 68 preschoolers played the Ultimatum Game in a face-to-face setting. Acquisition of theory of mind was defined as the understanding of false…

Analysis of tidal currents in the North Sea from shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vindenes, Håvard; Orvik, Kjell Arild; Søiland, Henrik; Wehde, Henning

2018-06-01

North Sea tidal currents are determined by applying harmonic analysis to ship-borne acoustic Doppler current profiler data recorded from 1999 to 2016, covering large areas of the northern North Sea. Direct current measurement data sets of this magnitude are rare in the otherwise well investigated North Sea, and thus it is a valuable asset in studying and expanding our understanding of its tidal currents and circulation in general. The harmonic analysis is applied to a least squares fit of the current observations at a set of knot points. Results from the harmonic analysis compare favorably to tidal parameters estimated from observations from moored instruments. The analysis shows that the tides are characterized by strong semi-diurnal component, with amplitudes of the principal Lunar constituent ranging from 1.6 cm/s in the Skagerrak to 67 cm/s in the Fair Isle Channel. Diurnal tides are found to be approximately one fifth the strength of the predominant semi-diurnal constituent. Output from a regional barotropic tide model compares well to tidal current determined from the harmonic analysis of the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data.

26 CFR 1.338-6 - Allocation of ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Effects on Corporation § 1.338-6 Allocation of... made. (2) Fair market value—(i) In general. Generally, the fair market value of an asset is its gross fair market value (i.e., fair market value determined without regard to mortgages, liens, pledges, or...

26 CFR 1.338-6 - Allocation of ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (Continued) Effects on Corporation § 1.338-6 Allocation of... made. (2) Fair market value—(i) In general. Generally, the fair market value of an asset is its gross fair market value (i.e., fair market value determined without regard to mortgages, liens, pledges, or...

26 CFR 1.338-6 - Allocation of ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Effects on Corporation § 1.338-6 Allocation of... made. (2) Fair market value—(i) In general. Generally, the fair market value of an asset is its gross fair market value (i.e., fair market value determined without regard to mortgages, liens, pledges, or...

Comparison of Body Composition Assessed by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and BMI in Current and Former U.S. Navy Service Members

PubMed Central

Gasier, Heath G.; Hughes, Linda M.; Young, Colin R.; Richardson, Annely M.

2015-01-01

Background Little is known of the diagnostic accuracy of BMI in classifying obesity in active duty military personnel and those that previously served. Thus, the primary objectives were to determine the relationship between lean and fat mass, and body fat percentage (BF%) with BMI, and assess the agreement between BMI and BF% in defining obesity. Methods Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 462 males (20–91 years old) who currently or previously served in the U.S. Navy. A BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2 and a BF% ≥ 25% were used for obesity classification. Results The mean BMI (± SD) and BF% were 28.8 ± 4.1 and 28.9 ± 6.6%, respectively, with BF% increasing with age. Lean mass, fat mass, and BF% were significantly correlated with BMI for all age groups. The exact agreement of obesity defined by BMI and BF% was fair (61%), however, 38% were misclassified by a BMI cut-off of 30 when obesity was defined by BF%. Conclusions From this data we determined that there is a good correlation between body composition and BMI, and fair agreement between BMI and BF% in classifying obesity in a group of current and former U.S. Navy service members. However, as observed in the general population, a significant proportion of individuals with excess fat are misclassified by BMI cutoffs. PMID:26197480

Comparison of Body Composition Assessed by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and BMI in Current and Former U.S. Navy Service Members.

PubMed

Gasier, Heath G; Hughes, Linda M; Young, Colin R; Richardson, Annely M

2015-01-01

Little is known of the diagnostic accuracy of BMI in classifying obesity in active duty military personnel and those that previously served. Thus, the primary objectives were to determine the relationship between lean and fat mass, and body fat percentage (BF%) with BMI, and assess the agreement between BMI and BF% in defining obesity. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 462 males (20-91 years old) who currently or previously served in the U.S. Navy. A BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2 and a BF% ≥ 25% were used for obesity classification. The mean BMI (± SD) and BF% were 28.8 ± 4.1 and 28.9 ± 6.6%, respectively, with BF% increasing with age. Lean mass, fat mass, and BF% were significantly correlated with BMI for all age groups. The exact agreement of obesity defined by BMI and BF% was fair (61%), however, 38% were misclassified by a BMI cut-off of 30 when obesity was defined by BF%. From this data we determined that there is a good correlation between body composition and BMI, and fair agreement between BMI and BF% in classifying obesity in a group of current and former U.S. Navy service members. However, as observed in the general population, a significant proportion of individuals with excess fat are misclassified by BMI cutoffs.

48 CFR 2915.405-70 - Determining fair and reasonable price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Determining fair and reasonable price. 2915.405-70 Section 2915.405-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF LABOR CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES CONTRACTING BY NEGOTIATION Contract Pricing 2915.405-70 Determining...

43 CFR 2720.1-3 - Action on application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... determining the fair market value of the Federal mineral interests to be conveyed. Said resource and economic... determination of the economic value of mineral resources to the Bureau of Land Management. The authorized... exploratory program] to aid in determining the fair market value of the mineral interests to be conveyed, and...

75 FR 32905 - Wire Decking from the People's Republic of China: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-10

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-949] Wire Decking from the People... determination of sales at less than fair value (``LTFV'') in the antidumping investigation of wire decking from...; telephone: (202) 482- 4295 or (202) 482-4852, respectively. Final Determination We determine that wire...

Effectiveness of Educational Programs on Nutritional Behavior in Addicts Referring to Baharan Hospital, Zahedan (Eastern of IR Iran)

PubMed Central

Karajibani, Mansour; Montazerifar, Farzaneh; Dashipour, Alireza; Lashkaripour, Kobra; Abery, Maryam; Salari, Sajedeh

2014-01-01

Background: There are many factors which affect nutritional status of addicted such as lack o f knowledge, incorrect attitude toward modification of food pattern, and careless to food intake. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational program on nutritional behavior in addicts referring to Baharan hospital in Zahedan. Patients and Methods: Thirty-six addict patients were selected randomly. After recording general demographic data of patients, nutritional behaviors were determined. To determine the effectiveness of nutritional educational program, pre and post-tests were performed. Evaluation of nutritional behavior was determined as poor, fair and satisfactory levels. Statically analysis was performed by SPSS software. Results: Most addict patients had a medium level of education. Improvement in knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of patients after intervention was observed as follows; decreasing KAP in poor level (2.8% vs. 30.6%), (3% vs. 50%), (25% vs. 80.6%), respectively; also, increasing KAP in fair level (7% vs. 55.6 %), (15% vs. 15%), (19% vs. 7%), respectively and increasing KAP in satisfactory levels (77.8% vs. 13.8%), (50% vs. 8.3%), and (22.2% vs. 0%), respectively (P < 0.0001). There was a significant difference regarding the grade of KAP in patients based on gender, marital status, and education level after education (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study showed that nutritional KAP was improved in addicts. After intervention, there was a significant difference in the score of knowledge, attitude, and practice scores in patients in the current study. KAP was improved in patients after intervention including; decreased KAP in poor level and increased KAP in fair and satisfactory levels. This finding indicates that addict patients would like to modify their life style. PMID:25032162

A Note on the Determination of "Acceptable" Performance in Thorndike's Standard of Fair Selection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Charles

1980-01-01

The determination of acceptable performance in Thorndike's constant ratio standard of fair selection is considered. It is shown that suitable choice of acceptable performance can make any minority-majority selection disparity consistent with Thorndike's standard. A rule for determining acceptable performance which avoids the Petersen-Novick…

29 CFR 4062.4 - Determinations of net worth and collective net worth.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... section, have been improperly transferred. In making such determinations, the PBGC will consider... determining net worth. A person's net worth is equal to its fair market value and fair market value shall be... financial condition, and business history. (6) The economic outlook for the person's industry and the market...

Directors' duty to obtain a fair price in the conversion of nonprofit hospitals.

PubMed

Tower, E S

1997-01-01

Boards of Directors of tax-exempt hospitals are increasingly struggling with whether to convert their facilities to for-profit status. Other than the traditional duties of loyalty and fair dealings imposed upon directors, there is currently little guidance to assure that boards obtain a fair price for the hospital in such conversions. The author provides recommendations to assure proper valuation.

The financial value of services provided by a rural community health fair.

PubMed

Dulin, Mary Katherine; Olive, Kenneth E; Florence, Joseph A; Sliger, Carolyn

2006-11-01

There has been little discussion in the literature regarding the financial value of the services provided to the participants in health fairs. This article examines the financial value of preventive services provided through a community health fair in an economically depressed area of southwest Virginia. Current Procedural Terminology codes were assigned to the services provided in order to estimate costs participants might incur for such services. An average 50-year-old man would have paid up to $320 to obtain commonly recommended preventive services available free at the fair. An average 50-year-old woman would have paid up to $495. Overall, over $58,000 in services were provided through the health fair. This community health fair provided preventive services that many participants otherwise might have found to be cost-prohibitive.

Fair Resource Allocation to Health Research: Priority Topics for Bioethics Scholarship.

PubMed

Pratt, Bridget; Hyder, Adnan A

2017-07-01

This article draws attention to the limited amount of scholarship on what constitutes fairness and equity in resource allocation to health research by individual funders. It identifies three key decisions of ethical significance about resource allocation that research funders make regularly and calls for prioritizing scholarship on those topics - namely, how health resources should be fairly apportioned amongst public health and health care delivery versus health research, how health research resources should be fairly allocated between health problems experienced domestically versus other health problems typically experienced by disadvantaged populations outside the funder's country, and how domestic and non-domestic health research funding should be further apportioned to different areas, e.g. types of research and recipients. These three topics should be priorities for bioethics research because their outcomes have a substantial bearing on the achievement of health justice. The proposed agenda aims to move discussion on the ethics of health research funding beyond its current focus on the mismatch between worldwide basic and clinical research investment and the global burden of disease. Individual funders' decision-making on whether and to what extent to allocate resources to non-domestic health research, health systems research, research on the social determinants of health, capacity development, and recipients in certain countries should also be the focus of ethical scrutiny. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Dispute Settlement in the World Trade Organization (WTO): An Overview

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-08

this margin. “Zeroing” is a practice under which sales above fair value are disregarded or given a “zero” value, thus allowing the dumping margin to...be determined solely on the basis of less than fair value sales and, as alleged by some, improperly inflating the dumping margin. The Commerce...to determine the applicable dumping margin, i.e. the amount by which the price of an import when sold in the United States falls below the fair

Exploration of risk factors contributing to the presence of influenza A virus in swine at agricultural fairs

PubMed Central

Bowman, Andrew S; Workman, Jeffrey D; Nolting, Jacqueline M; Nelson, Sarah W; Slemons, Richard D

2014-01-01

Influenza A virus infections occurring in exhibition swine populations at agricultural fairs during 2012 served as a source of H3N2 variant influenza A viruses transmitted to humans resulting in more than 300 documented cases. Prior to the outbreak, this investigation was initiated to identify fair-level risk factors contributing to influenza A virus infections in pigs at agricultural fairs. As part of an ongoing active surveillance program, nasal swabs and associated fair-level metadata were collected from pigs at 40 junior fair market swine shows held in Ohio during the 2012 fair season. Analyses of the data show that the adjusted odds of having influenza A virus-infected pigs at a fair were 1.27 (95% confidential interval (CI): 1.04–1.66) higher for every 20 pig increase in the size of the swine show. Additionally, four of the five fairs that hosted breeding swine shows in addition to their junior fair market swine shows had pigs test positive for influenza A virus. While the current study was limited to 40 fairs within one state, the findings provided insight for veterinary and public health officials developing mitigation strategies to decrease the intra- and inter-species transmission of influenza A virus at fairs. PMID:26038494

The Flexible Fairness: Equality, Earned Entitlement, and Self-Interest

PubMed Central

Gu, Ruolei; Broster, Lucas S.; Shen, Xueyi; Tian, Tengxiang; Luo, Yue-Jia; Krueger, Frank

2013-01-01

The current study explored whether earned entitlement modulated the perception of fairness in three experiments. A preliminary resource earning task was added before players decided how to allocate the resource they jointly earned. Participants’ decision in allocation, their responses to equal or unequal offers, whether advantageous or disadvantageous, and subjective ratings of fairness were all assessed in the current study. Behavioral results revealed that participants proposed more generous offers and showed enhanced tolerance to disadvantageous unequal offers from others when they performed worse than their presumed “partners,” while the reverse was true in the better-performance condition. The subjective ratings also indicated the effect of earned entitlement, such that worse performance was associated with higher perceived feelings of fairness for disadvantageous unequal offers, while better performance was associated with higher feelings of fairness for advantageous unequal offers. Equal offers were considered “fair” only when earned entitlement was even between two parties. In sum, the perception of fairness is modulated by an integration of egalitarian motivation and entitlement. In addition to justice principles, participants were also motivated by self-interest, such that participants placed more weight on entitlement in the better-performance condition than in the worse-performance condition. These results imply that earned entitlement is evaluated in a self-serving way. PMID:24039867

Does market competition explain fairness?

PubMed

Descioli, Peter

2013-02-01

The target article by Baumard et al. uses their previous model of bargaining with outside options to explain fairness and other features of human sociality. This theory implies that fairness judgments are determined by supply and demand but humans often perceive prices (divisions of surplus) in competitive markets to be unfair.

Critical Thinking, Army Design Methodology, And The Climate Change Policy Debate

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2016 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of...information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM...Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Fair use determination or copyright permission has been obtained for the inclusion

12 CFR 703.11 - Valuing securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) At least monthly, a Federal credit union must determine the fair value of each security it holds. It may determine fair value by obtaining a price quotation on the security from an industry-recognized... supervisory committee or its external auditor must independently assess the reliability of monthly price...

36 CFR 223.60 - Determining fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Determining fair market value. 223.60 Section 223.60 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.60 - Determining fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Determining fair market value. 223.60 Section 223.60 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.60 - Determining fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Determining fair market value. 223.60 Section 223.60 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.60 - Determining fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Determining fair market value. 223.60 Section 223.60 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

18 CFR 4.10 - Valuation data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act § 4.10... Power Act that requires the determination of the fair value of a project already constructed, the... a statement to the effect that the actual legitimate original cost, or if not known, the estimated...

18 CFR 4.10 - Valuation data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act § 4.10... Power Act that requires the determination of the fair value of a project already constructed, the... a statement to the effect that the actual legitimate original cost, or if not known, the estimated...

18 CFR 4.10 - Valuation data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act § 4.10... Power Act that requires the determination of the fair value of a project already constructed, the... a statement to the effect that the actual legitimate original cost, or if not known, the estimated...

Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive ions at FAIR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reifarth, R.; Altstadt, S.; Göbel, K.; Heftrich, T.; Heil, M.; Koloczek, A.; Langer, C.; Plag, R.; Pohl, M.; Sonnabend, K.; Weigand, M.; Adachi, T.; Aksouh, F.; Al-Khalili, J.; AlGarawi, M.; AlGhamdi, S.; Alkhazov, G.; Alkhomashi, N.; Alvarez-Pol, H.; Alvarez-Rodriguez, R.; Andreev, V.; Andrei, B.; Atar, L.; Aumann, T.; Avdeichikov, V.; Bacri, C.; Bagchi, S.; Barbieri, C.; Beceiro, S.; Beck, C.; Beinrucker, C.; Belier, G.; Bemmerer, D.; Bendel, M.; Benlliure, J.; Benzoni, G.; Berjillos, R.; Bertini, D.; Bertulani, C.; Bishop, S.; Blasi, N.; Bloch, T.; Blumenfeld, Y.; Bonaccorso, A.; Boretzky, K.; Botvina, A.; Boudard, A.; Boutachkov, P.; Boztosun, I.; Bracco, A.; Brambilla, S.; Briz Monago, J.; Caamano, M.; Caesar, C.; Camera, F.; Casarejos, E.; Catford, W.; Cederkall, J.; Cederwall, B.; Chartier, M.; Chatillon, A.; Cherciu, M.; Chulkov, L.; Coleman-Smith, P.; Cortina-Gil, D.; Crespi, F.; Crespo, R.; Cresswell, J.; Csatlós, M.; Déchery, F.; Davids, B.; Davinson, T.; Derya, V.; Detistov, P.; Diaz Fernandez, P.; DiJulio, D.; Dmitry, S.; Doré, D.; Dueñas, J.; Dupont, E.; Egelhof, P.; Egorova, I.; Elekes, Z.; Enders, J.; Endres, J.; Ershov, S.; Ershova, O.; Fernandez-Dominguez, B.; Fetisov, A.; Fiori, E.; Fomichev, A.; Fonseca, M.; Fraile, L.; Freer, M.; Friese, J.; Borge, M. G.; Galaviz Redondo, D.; Gannon, S.; Garg, U.; Gasparic, I.; Gasques, L.; Gastineau, B.; Geissel, H.; Gernhäuser, R.; Ghosh, T.; Gilbert, M.; Glorius, J.; Golubev, P.; Gorshkov, A.; Gourishetty, A.; Grigorenko, L.; Gulyas, J.; Haiduc, M.; Hammache, F.; Harakeh, M.; Hass, M.; Heine, M.; Hennig, A.; Henriques, A.; Herzberg, R.; Holl, M.; Ignatov, A.; Ignatyuk, A.; Ilieva, S.; Ivanov, M.; Iwasa, N.; Jakobsson, B.; Johansson, H.; Jonson, B.; Joshi, P.; Junghans, A.; Jurado, B.; Körner, G.; Kalantar, N.; Kanungo, R.; Kelic-Heil, A.; Kezzar, K.; Khan, E.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kiselev, O.; Kogimtzis, M.; Körper, D.; Kräckmann, S.; Kröll, T.; Krücken, R.; Krasznahorkay, A.; Kratz, J.; Kresan, D.; Krings, T.; Krumbholz, A.; Krupko, S.; Kulessa, R.; Kumar, S.; Kurz, N.; Kuzmin, E.; Labiche, M.; Langanke, K.; Lazarus, I.; Le Bleis, T.; Lederer, C.; Lemasson, A.; Lemmon, R.; Liberati, V.; Litvinov, Y.; Löher, B.; Lopez Herraiz, J.; Münzenberg, G.; Machado, J.; Maev, E.; Mahata, K.; Mancusi, D.; Marganiec, J.; Martinez Perez, M.; Marusov, V.; Mengoni, D.; Million, B.; Morcelle, V.; Moreno, O.; Movsesyan, A.; Nacher, E.; Najafi, M.; Nakamura, T.; Naqvi, F.; Nikolski, E.; Nilsson, T.; Nociforo, C.; Nolan, P.; Novatsky, B.; Nyman, G.; Ornelas, A.; Palit, R.; Pandit, S.; Panin, V.; Paradela, C.; Parkar, V.; Paschalis, S.; Pawłowski, P.; Perea, A.; Pereira, J.; Petrache, C.; Petri, M.; Pickstone, S.; Pietralla, N.; Pietri, S.; Pivovarov, Y.; Potlog, P.; Prokofiev, A.; Rastrepina, G.; Rauscher, T.; Ribeiro, G.; Ricciardi, M.; Richter, A.; Rigollet, C.; Riisager, K.; Rios, A.; Ritter, C.; Rodriguez Frutos, T.; Rodriguez Vignote, J.; Röder, M.; Romig, C.; Rossi, D.; Roussel-Chomaz, P.; Rout, P.; Roy, S.; Söderström, P.; Saha Sarkar, M.; Sakuta, S.; Salsac, M.; Sampson, J.; Sanchez, J.; Rio Saez, del; Sanchez Rosado, J.; Sanjari, S.; Sarriguren, P.; Sauerwein, A.; Savran, D.; Scheidenberger, C.; Scheit, H.; Schmidt, S.; Schmitt, C.; Schnorrenberger, L.; Schrock, P.; Schwengner, R.; Seddon, D.; Sherrill, B.; Shrivastava, A.; Sidorchuk, S.; Silva, J.; Simon, H.; Simpson, E.; Singh, P.; Slobodan, D.; Sohler, D.; Spieker, M.; Stach, D.; Stan, E.; Stanoiu, M.; Stepantsov, S.; Stevenson, P.; Strieder, F.; Stuhl, L.; Suda, T.; Sümmerer, K.; Streicher, B.; Taieb, J.; Takechi, M.; Tanihata, I.; Taylor, J.; Tengblad, O.; Ter-Akopian, G.; Terashima, S.; Teubig, P.; Thies, R.; Thoennessen, M.; Thomas, T.; Thornhill, J.; Thungstrom, G.; Timar, J.; Togano, Y.; Tomohiro, U.; Tornyi, T.; Tostevin, J.; Townsley, C.; Trautmann, W.; Trivedi, T.; Typel, S.; Uberseder, E.; Udias, J.; Uesaka, T.; Uvarov, L.; Vajta, Z.; Velho, P.; Vikhrov, V.; Volknandt, M.; Volkov, V.; von Neumann-Cosel, P.; von Schmid, M.; Wagner, A.; Wamers, F.; Weick, H.; Wells, D.; Westerberg, L.; Wieland, O.; Wiescher, M.; Wimmer, C.; Wimmer, K.; Winfield, J. S.; Winkel, M.; Woods, P.; Wyss, R.; Yakorev, D.; Yavor, M.; Zamora Cardona, J.; Zartova, I.; Zerguerras, T.; Zgura, M.; Zhdanov, A.; Zhukov, M.; Zieblinski, M.; Zilges, A.; Zuber, K.

2016-01-01

The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process flow and r-process, β-decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will offer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes.

Beam test results of STS prototype modules for the future accelerator experiments FAIR/CBM and NICA/MPD projects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kharlamov, Petr; Dementev, Dmitrii; Shitenkov, Mikhail

2017-10-01

High-energy heavy-ion collision experiments provide the unique possibility to create and investigate extreme states of strongly-interacted matter and address the fundamental aspects of QCD. The experimental investigation the QCD phase diagram would be a major breakthrough in our understanding of the properties of nuclear matter. The reconstruction of the charged particles created in the nuclear collisions, including the determination of their momenta, is the central detection task in high-energy heavy-ion experiments. It is taken up by the Silicon Tracking System in CBM@FAIR and by Inner Tracker in MPD@NICA currently under development. These experiments requires very fast and radiation hard detectors, a novel data read-out and analysis concept including free streaming front-end electronics. Thermal and beam tests of prototype detector modules for these tracking systems showed the stability of sensors and readout electronics operation.

7 CFR 781.4 - Assessment of penalties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... following penalties: (1) Late-filed reports: One-tenth of one percent of the fair market value, as..., but the total penalty imposed shall not exceed 25 percent of the fair market value of the foreign... accurate information: 25 percent of the fair market value, as determined by the Farm Service Agency, of the...

Rewarding leadership and fair procedures as determinants of self-esteem.

PubMed

De Cremer, David; van Knippenberg, Barbara; van Knippenberg, Daan; Mullenders, Danny; Stinglhamber, Florence

2005-01-01

In the present research, the authors examined the effect of procedural fairness and rewarding leadership style on an important variable for employees: self-esteem. The authors predicted that procedural fairness would positively influence people's reported self-esteem if the leader adopted a style of rewarding behavior for a job well done. Results from a scenario experiment, a laboratory experiment, and an organizational survey indeed show that procedural fairness and rewarding leadership style interacted to influence followers' self-esteem, such that the positive relationship between procedural fairness and self-esteem was more pronounced when the leadership style was high in rewarding behavior. Implications in terms of integrating the leadership and procedural fairness literature are discussed.

Achieving Fair Throughput among TCP Flows in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Ting-Chao; Hsu, Chih-Wei

Previous research shows that the IEEE 802.11 DCF channel contention mechanism is not capable of providing throughput fairness among nodes in different locations of the wireless mesh network. The node nearest the gateway will always strive for the chance to transmit data, causing fewer transmission opportunities for the nodes farther from the gateway, resulting in starvation. Prior studies modify the DCF mechanism to address the fairness problem. This paper focuses on the fairness study when TCP flows are carried over wireless mesh networks. By not modifying lower layer protocols, the current work identifies TCP parameters that impact throughput fairness and proposes adjusting those parameters to reduce frame collisions and improve throughput fairness. With the aid of mathematical formulation and ns2 simulations, this study finds that frame transmission from each node can be effectively controlled by properly controlling the delayed ACK timer and using a suitable advertised window. The proposed method reduces frame collisions and greatly improves TCP throughput fairness.

26 CFR 1.664-4T - Calculation of the fair market value of the remainder interest in a charitable remainder unitrust...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., is its present value determined under paragraph (e) of this section. The fair market value of a... the valuation date is before May 1, 2009, is its present value determined under the following sections... date is on or after May 1, 2009, the present value of a remainder interest is determined under...

36 CFR 1207.31 - Real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 1207.31 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL... original purchase to the fair market value of the property. However, in those situations where a grantee or... purchase of the real property to the current fair market value of the property. ...

Gender-related attitudinal differences towards science fairs of students in Christian private schools in South Carolina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Westbury, Glenda F.

Science fairs afford students at all grade levels the opportunity to practice thinking as a scientist does, a valuable 21st century skill (Jacobs, 2010) and may influence students to pursue STEM-related careers. Even though science fairs have been occurring since the 1920s, literature related to science competitions, especially science fairs, is limited (Dionne et al., 2012; Terzian, 2009). The purpose of this quantitative study was to use a causal comparative research design to determine if there is a difference in overall attitudes towards science fairs, enjoyment of science fairs, and usefulness of science fairs of female and male students at private Christian middle schools. The sample included 146 fifth through eighth grade students, 72 males and 74 females from four private Christian schools in the southern United States. The researcher visited each school and administered the Students' Attitudes toward Science Fairs (SATSFS) instrument (Michael & Huddleston, 2014) to the students on the day of the local science fair. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine the difference in attitudes between the female and male participants toward science fairs in the areas of overall attitude, student's enjoyment, and student's usefulness of science fairs. The result of the MANOVA was not significant at an alpha level of .05, where F (2, 143) = 2.52, p = .08, partial eta2 = 0.034, suggesting there are no significant differences on the dependent variables (enjoyment, usefulness, and overall attitude toward science fairs) by gender of fifth through eighth grade students in Christian private schools. The effect size as measured by partial eta squared was small. Implications for educators include the need to address gender differences in STEM education at earlier stages of development, and the importance of stressing personal meaning and relevance to science-related activities. Recommendations for further studies were made.

75 FR 53947 - Certain Frozen Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, India, the People's Republic of China, Thailand, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-02

... Than Fair Value Pursuant to Court Decision AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade... Value: Certain Frozen and Canned Warmwater Shrimp From Brazil, 69 FR 76910 (December 23, 2004) (``Brazil Final Determination''); Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Certain Frozen...

75 FR 46911 - Certain Woven Electric Blankets from the People's Republic of China: Amended Final Determination...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-04

... Blankets from the People's Republic of China: Amended Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value... than fair value (``LTFV'') in the antidumping investigation of certain woven electric blankets (``woven electric blankets'') from the People's Republic of China (``PRC''). See Certain Woven Electric Blankets...

Clinically Determined and Self-Reported Dental Caries Status During and After Pregnancy Among Low-Income Hispanic Women

PubMed Central

Weintraub, Jane A.; Gansky, Stuart A.; Santo, William; Ramos-Gomez, Francisco

2014-01-01

Objectives This analysis assessed, during and one-year after pregnancy: 1) the prevalence of and relationship between self-reported and clinically determined dental caries and oral health status, and whether self-reports are a potential proxy for professional determination; 2) factors associated with high levels of professionally determined or self-reported oral disease. Methods Data are from a randomized clinical trial of 301 pregnant, low-income Hispanic women at the California-Mexico border to compare two interventions to prevent early childhood caries. Interviews and dental examinations were conducted at enrollment (second trimester) and one-year post-partum (PP). Results During pregnancy and PP, 93% had untreated caries and most had gingival inflammation. Sensitivity and specificity of self-reported measures compared to dentists’ determinations were modest (ranging from 45–80% for sensitivity and 41–77% for specificity at both time points); positive predictive values for women reporting current tooth decay or fair/poor oral health were high (>94%), but negative predictive values were low (<23%). In a bivariate GEE model, factors associated with fair/poor self-reported oral health during and after pregnancy included self-reported dental symptoms (current tooth decay, bleeding gums without brushing), dental behaviors (not flossing) and number of decayed tooth surfaces. In a logistic regression model, the only significant factor PP associated with less extensive untreated disease was if women ever had their teeth cleaned professionally (OR=0.44). Conclusions There is a great need for dental treatment in this underserved population both during pregnancy and PP. Women may not be able to accurately recognize or act on their treatment needs. At baseline and PP, few demographic or behavioral factors were associated with either self-reported or clinically-determined oral disease (e.g., being less educated or acculturated and not flossing) in the bivariate analyses. Ever having a professional teeth cleaning significantly predicted less disease PP. PMID:23889689

Clinically determined and self-reported dental status during and after pregnancy among low-income Hispanic women.

PubMed

Weintraub, Jane A; Finlayson, Tracy L; Gansky, Stuart A; Santo, William; Ramos-Gomez, Francisco

2013-01-01

This analysis assessed, during and 1 year after pregnancy: a) the prevalence of and relationship between self-reported and clinically determined dental caries and oral health status, and whether self-reports are a potential proxy for professional determination; and b) factors associated with high levels of professionally determined or self-reported oral disease. Data are from a randomized clinical trial of 301 pregnant, low-income Hispanic women at the California-Mexico border to compare two interventions to prevent early childhood caries. Interviews and dental examinations were conducted at enrollment (second trimester) and 1-year postpartum (PP). During pregnancy and PP, 93 percent had untreated caries and most had gingival inflammation. Sensitivity and specificity of self-reported measures compared to dentists' determinations were modest (ranging from 45-80 percent for sensitivity and 41-77 percent for specificity at both time points); positive predictive values for women reporting current tooth decay or fair/poor oral health were high (>94 percent), but negative predictive values were low (<23 percent). In a bivariate GEE model, factors associated with fair/poor self-reported oral health during and after pregnancy included self-reported dental symptoms (current tooth decay, bleeding gums without brushing), dental behaviors (not flossing) and number of decayed tooth surfaces. In a logistic regression model, the only significant factor PP associated with less extensive untreated disease was if women ever had their teeth cleaned professionally (OR = 0.44). There is a great need for dental treatment in this underserved population both during pregnancy and PP. Women may not be able to accurately recognize or act on their treatment needs. At baseline and PP, few demographic or behavioral factors were associated with either self-reported or clinically determined oral disease (e.g., being less educated or acculturated and not flossing) in the bivariate analyses. Ever having a professional teeth cleaning significantly predicted less disease PP. © 2013 American Association of Public Health Dentistry.

19 CFR 207.41 - Commission review of agreements to eliminate the injurious effect of subsidized imports or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... injurious effect of subsidized imports or imports sold at less than fair value. 207.41 Section 207.41... OF WHETHER INJURY TO DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES RESULTS FROM IMPORTS SOLD AT LESS THAN FAIR VALUE OR FROM... less than fair value. If the administering authority determines to suspend an investigation upon...

26 CFR 25.2701-6 - Indirect holding of interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... held by or for a corporation in the proportion that the fair market value of the stock the person holds bears to the fair market value of all the stock in the corporation (determined as if each class of stock... fair market value of the larger of the person's profits interest or capital interest in the partnership...

26 CFR 1.338-6 - Allocation of ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Effects on Corporation § 1.338-6 Allocation of ADSP and AGUB... market value—(i) In general. Generally, the fair market value of an asset is its gross fair market value (i.e., fair market value determined without regard to mortgages, liens, pledges, or other liabilities...

The Impact of Cambridge and the Determination of Fair Use in Educational Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shields, Timothy D.

2016-01-01

The Fair Use exemption to copyright infringement is a difficult concept for those within the legal community because of its unique "case-by-case" application. Without any red line rules, providing guidance to typical users is even more challenging. This paper reviews several recent cases regarding the application of Fair Use and how the…

“I pick you”: the impact of fairness and race on infants’ selection of social partners

PubMed Central

Burns, Monica P.; Sommerville, Jessica A.

2014-01-01

By 15 months of age infants are sensitive to violations of fairness norms as assessed via their enhanced visual attention to unfair versus fair outcomes in violation-of-expectation paradigms. The current study investigated whether 15-month-old infants select social partners on the basis of prior fair versus unfair behavior, and whether infants integrate social selections on the basis of fairness with the race of the distributors and recipients involved in the exchange. Experiment 1 demonstrated that after witnessing one adult distribute toys to two recipients fairly (2:2 distribution), and another adult distribute toys to two recipients unfairly (1:3 distribution), Caucasian infants selected fair over unfair distributors when both distributors were Caucasian; however, this preference was not present when the fair actor was Asian and the unfair actor was Caucasian. In Experiment 2, when fairness, the race of the distributor, and the race of the recipients were fully crossed, Caucasian infants’ social selections varied as a function of the race of the recipient advantaged by the unfair distributor. Specifically, infants were more likely to select the fair distributor when the unfair recipient advantaged the Asian (versus the Caucasian) recipient. These findings provide evidence that infants select social partners on the basis of prior fair behavior and that infants also take into account the race of distributors and recipients when making their social selections. PMID:24575069

13 CFR 314.5 - Federal Share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... If the Property is disposed of when its current fair market is $250, the Federal Share is $125 (i.e... Business Credit and Assistance ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PROPERTY General... fair market value of any Property attributable to EDA's participation in the Project. The Federal Share...

VT-136 Market Research and Sourcing Case Exercise

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-30

Josh Parsons (USAF), Army AL&T Magazine, January-February 2005 Web Edition. “The Yoder Three-tier Model for Optimal Planning and Execution of...relevant to pricing and ability to determine “fair and reasonable” price2 Identification of suitable substitutes and alternative products or...Tests for Determining Fair and Reasonable Price By far, the best methodology for making the determination that a product or service cost or price

26 CFR 1.664-4T - Calculation of the fair market value of the remainder interest in a charitable remainder unitrust...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... after May 1, 2009, is its present value determined under paragraph (e) of this section. The fair market... transfers for which the valuation date is before May 1, 2009, is its present value determined under the... valuation date is on or after May 1, 2009, the present value of a remainder interest is determined under...

Toward Increasing Fairness in Score Scale Calibrations Employed in International Large-Scale Assessments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oliveri, Maria Elena; von Davier, Matthias

2014-01-01

In this article, we investigate the creation of comparable score scales across countries in international assessments. We examine potential improvements to current score scale calibration procedures used in international large-scale assessments. Our approach seeks to improve fairness in scoring international large-scale assessments, which often…

Students' Perceptions of Fairness Following an Academic Strike

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fiksenbaum, Lisa M.; Wickens, Christine M.; Greenglass, Esther R.; Wiesenthal, David L.

2012-01-01

Rising rates of unionization in university settings suggest that campus labour disputes are likely to become an increasingly relevant issue. The research question in the current analysis asked which factors contributed to students' perception of fair treatment following a university labour disruption. A longitudinal survey of students' experiences…

76 FR 76984 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-09

...: varies; fair to poor conditions--bldgs. need repairs; possible asbestos 5 Bldgs. Hunter Army Airfield... conditions--bldgs. need repairs; possible asbestos Bldg. 1201 685 Horace Emmet Wilson Blvd. Savannah GA 31409.... ft.; current use: Administrative office; fair conditions--bldg. need repairs; possible asbestos Bldgs...

How Science Fairs Foster Inquiry Skills and Enrich Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paul, Jürgen; Groß, Jorge

2017-01-01

Science competitions have continuing relevance for schools. The aim of the German youth science fair "Jugend forscht" is to encourage scientific thinking and inquiry methods such as experimentation. Three concrete examples of participating projects are given. We summarise the current state of research related to science competitions,…

25 CFR 162.551 - How will BIA determine fair market rental for a WSR lease?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... LEASES AND PERMITS Wind and Solar Resource Leases Wsr Lease Monetary Compensation Requirements § 162.551 How will BIA determine fair market rental for a WSR lease? (a) We will use a market analysis... method; or (2) Use an approved market analysis, appraisal, or other appropriate valuation method from the...

25 CFR 162.551 - How will BIA determine fair market rental for a WSR lease?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... LEASES AND PERMITS Wind and Solar Resource Leases Wsr Lease Monetary Compensation Requirements § 162.551 How will BIA determine fair market rental for a WSR lease? (a) We will use a market analysis... method; or (2) Use an approved market analysis, appraisal, or other appropriate valuation method from the...

PREFACE: FAIRNESS 2013: FAIR NExt generation of ScientistS 2013

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petersen, Hannah; Destefanis, Marco; Galatyuk, Tetyana; Montes, Fernando; Nicmorus, Diana; Ratti, Claudia; Tolos, Laura; Vogel, Sascha

2014-04-01

FAIRNESS 2013 was the second edition in a series of workshops designed to bring together excellent international young scientists with research interests focused on physics at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) and was held on 16-21 September 2013 in Berlin, Germany. The topics of the workshop cover a wide range of aspects in both theoretical developments and current experimental status, concentrated around the four scientific pillars of FAIR. FAIR is a new accelerator complex with brand new experimental facilities, that is currently being built next to the existing GSI Helmholtzzentrum for Schwerionenforschung close to Darmstadt, Germany. The spirit of the conference is to bring together young scientists, e.g. advanced PhD students and postdocs and young researchers without permanent position to present their work, to foster active informal discussions and build up of networks. Every participant in the meeting with the exception of the organizers gives an oral presentation, and all sessions are followed by an hour long discussion period. During the talks, questions are anonymously collected in box to stimulate discussions. Since the physics program of FAIR is very broad, this is reflected in the wide range of topics covered at the Conference: Physics of hot and dense nuclear matter, QCD phase transitions and critical point Nuclear structure, astrophysics and reactions Hadron spectroscopy, Hadrons in matter and Hypernuclei Special emphasis is put on the experiments CBM, HADES, PANDA, NuSTAR, as well as NICA and the RHIC low beam energy scan New developments in atomic and plasma physics For all of these different areas one invited speaker was selected to give a longer introductory presentation. The write-ups of the talks presented at FAIRNESS 2013 are the content of this issue of Journal of Physics: Conference Series and have been refereed according to the IOP standard for peer review. This issue constitutes therefore a collection of the forefront of research that is dedicated to the physics of FAIR. February 2014. Organizers of FAIRNESS 2013: Marco Destefanis, Tetyana Galatyuk, Fernando Montes, Diana Nicmorus, Hannah Petersen, Claudia Ratti, Laura Tolos, and Sascha Vogel. Support for holding the conference was provided by: Logos

PREFACE: FAIRNESS 2014: FAIR Next Generation ScientistS 2014

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2015-04-01

FAIRNESS 2014 was the third edition in a series of workshops designed to bring together excellent international young scientists with research interests focused on physics at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) and was held on September 22-27 2014 in Vietri sul Mare, Italy. The topics of the workshops cover a wide range of aspects in both theoretical developments and current experimental status, concentrated around the four scientific pillars of FAIR. FAIR is a new accelerator complex with brand new experimental facilities, that is currently being built next to the existing GSI Helmholtzzentrum for Schwerionenforschung close to Darmstadt, Germany. The spirit of the conference is to bring together young scientists, e.g. advanced PhD students and postdocs and young researchers without permanent position to present their work, to foster active informal discussions and build up of networks. Every participant in the meeting with the exception of the organizers gives an oral presentation, and all sessions are followed by an hour long discussion period. During the talks, questions are anonymously collected in a box to stimulate discussions. The broad physics program at FAIR is reflected in the wide range of topics covered by the workshop: • Physics of hot and dense nuclear matter, QCD phase transitions and critical point • Nuclear structure, astrophysics and reactions • Hadron Spectroscopy, Hadrons in matter and Hypernuclei • New developments in atomic and plasma physics • Special emphasis is put on the experiments CBM, HADES, PANDA, NUSTAR, APPA and related experiments For each of these different areas one invited speaker was selected to give a longer introductory presentation. The write-ups of the talks presented at FAIRNESS 2014 are the content of this issue of Journal of Physics: Conference Series and have been refereed according to the IOP standard for peer review. This issue constitutes therefore a collection of the forefront of research that is dedicated to the physics at FAIR. February 2015, Organizers of FAIRNESS 2014: Marco Destefanis, Tetyana Galatyuk, Fernando Montes, Diana Nicmorus, Hannah Petersen, Claudia Ratti, Laura Tolos, and Sascha Vogel. Support for holding the conference was provided by: Conference photograph

PREFACE: FAIRNESS 2012: FAIR NExt Generation of ScientistS 2012

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arcones, Almudena; Bleicher, Marcus; Fritsch, Miriam; Galatyuk, Tetyana; Nicmorus, Diana; Petersen, Hannah; Ratti, Claudia; Tolos, Laura

2013-03-01

FAIRNESS 2012 was the first in a series of workshops designed to bring together excellent international young scientists with research interests focused on physics at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) and was held on 3-8 September 2012 in Hersonissos, Greece. The workshop covered a wide range of topics, both theoretical developments and current experimental status, that concentrated around the four scientific pillars of FAIR. FAIR is a new accelerator complex with brand new experimental facilities, that is currently being built next to the existing Helmholtzzentrum for Schwerionenforschung close to Darmstadt, Germany. The spirit of the conference was to bring together young scientists, e.g. advanced PhD students and postdocs and young researchers without permament position to present their work and to foster active informal discussions and the build-up of networks. Every participant at the meeting, with the exception of the organizers, gave an oral presentation and all sessions were followed by an hour long discussion period. During the talks questions were collected anonymously in a circulating box to stimulate these discussions. Since the physics program of FAIR is very broad, this was reflected in the wide range of topics covered at the conference: Physics of hot and dense nuclear matter, QCD phase transitions and critical point Nuclear structure, astrophysics and reactions Hadron Spectroscopy, Hadrons in matter and Hypernuclei Special emphasis is put on the experiments CBM, HADES, PANDA, NuSTAR, as well as NICA and the RHIC low beam energy scan New developments in atomic and plasma physics In each of these different areas one invited speaker was selected to give a longer introductory presentation. The write-ups of the talks presented at FAIRNESS 2012 are the content of this issue of Journal of Physics: Conference Series and have been refereed according to the IOP standard for peer review. This issue constitutes therefore a collection of the forefront of research that is dedicated to the physics of FAIR. February 2013, Organizers of FAIRNESS 2012: Almudena Arcones, Marcus Bleicher, Miriam Fritsch, Tetyana Galatyuk, Diana Nicmorus, Hannah Petersen, Claudia Ratti and Laura Tolos Support for holding the conference was provided by: logos

36 CFR 18.5 - May property be leased without receiving fair market value rent?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... The determination of fair market value rent shall take into account: (a) Any restrictions on the use of the property or terms of the lease that limit the value and/or the highest and best use of the... without receiving fair market value rent? 18.5 Section 18.5 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL...

26 CFR 20.2107-1 - Expatriation to avoid tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... fair market value (determined at the time of the decedent's death or, if so elected by the executor of... the decedent at the time of his death, which the fair market value of any assets owned by such foreign corporation and situated in the United States, at the time of his death, bears to the total fair market value...

26 CFR 20.2107-1 - Expatriation to avoid tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... fair market value (determined at the time of the decedent's death or, if so elected by the executor of... the decedent at the time of his death, which the fair market value of any assets owned by such foreign corporation and situated in the United States, at the time of his death, bears to the total fair market value...

Offering Sexual Health Fairs To Supplement Existing Sex Education Programs: An Evaluation of Adolescent Students' Knowledge Needs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Eileen; Senn, Charlene Y.; Desmarais, Serge; Verberg, Norine

2000-01-01

To determine if the content in a sexual health fair was appropriate, a survey of 45 Ontario students in grades 9-10 assessed their knowledge of sexual health. Findings indicate that students had basic knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases, anatomy, and pregnancy prevention, but not about behavior in relationships. The health fair provided…

26 CFR 31.3121(i)-4 - Computation of remuneration for service performed by certain members of religious orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... furnished to them. In making a determination of the fair market value of such board and lodging, the... fair market value of any board, lodging, clothing, and other perquisites furnished to such member by.... Where the fair market value of any board, lodging, clothing, and other perquisites furnished to all...

26 CFR 31.3121(i)-4 - Computation of remuneration for service performed by certain members of religious orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... furnished to them. In making a determination of the fair market value of such board and lodging, the... fair market value of any board, lodging, clothing, and other perquisites furnished to such member by.... Where the fair market value of any board, lodging, clothing, and other perquisites furnished to all...

26 CFR 1.412(c)(2)-1 - Valuation of plan assets; reasonable actuarial valuation methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... market value by making use of the— (i) Fair market value (determined under paragraph (c) of this section... requirements of section 412(c)(2)(A) solely on the basis of their fair market value (under paragraph (c) of... reasonble actuarial valuation methods designed to mitigate short-run changes in the fair market value of...

26 CFR 31.3121(i)-4 - Computation of remuneration for service performed by certain members of religious orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... furnished to them. In making a determination of the fair market value of such board and lodging, the... fair market value of any board, lodging, clothing, and other perquisites furnished to such member by.... Where the fair market value of any board, lodging, clothing, and other perquisites furnished to all...

High school science fair and research integrity

PubMed Central

Dalley, Simon; Shepherd, Karen; Reisch, Joan

2017-01-01

Research misconduct has become an important matter of concern in the scientific community. The extent to which such behavior occurs early in science education has received little attention. In the current study, using the web-based data collection program REDCap, we obtained responses to an anonymous and voluntary survey about science fair from 65 high school students who recently competed in the Dallas Regional Science and Engineering Fair and from 237 STEM-track, post-high school students (undergraduates, 1st year medical students, and 1st year biomedical graduate students) doing research at UT Southwestern Medical Center. Of the post-high school students, 24% had competed in science fair during their high school education. Science fair experience was similar overall for the local cohort of Dallas regional students and the more diverse state/national cohort of post-high school students. Only one student out of 122 reported research misconduct, in his case making up the data. Unexpectedly, post-high school students who did not participate in science fair anticipated that carrying out science fair would be much more difficult than actually was the case, and 22% of the post-high school students anticipated that science fair participants would resort to research misconduct to overcome obstacles. No gender-based differences between students’ science fair experiences or expectations were evident. PMID:28328976

High school science fair and research integrity.

PubMed

Grinnell, Frederick; Dalley, Simon; Shepherd, Karen; Reisch, Joan

2017-01-01

Research misconduct has become an important matter of concern in the scientific community. The extent to which such behavior occurs early in science education has received little attention. In the current study, using the web-based data collection program REDCap, we obtained responses to an anonymous and voluntary survey about science fair from 65 high school students who recently competed in the Dallas Regional Science and Engineering Fair and from 237 STEM-track, post-high school students (undergraduates, 1st year medical students, and 1st year biomedical graduate students) doing research at UT Southwestern Medical Center. Of the post-high school students, 24% had competed in science fair during their high school education. Science fair experience was similar overall for the local cohort of Dallas regional students and the more diverse state/national cohort of post-high school students. Only one student out of 122 reported research misconduct, in his case making up the data. Unexpectedly, post-high school students who did not participate in science fair anticipated that carrying out science fair would be much more difficult than actually was the case, and 22% of the post-high school students anticipated that science fair participants would resort to research misconduct to overcome obstacles. No gender-based differences between students' science fair experiences or expectations were evident.

How to do research fairly in an unjust world.

PubMed

Ballantyne, Angela J

2010-06-01

International research, sponsored by for-profit companies, is regularly criticised as unethical on the grounds that it exploits research subjects in developing countries. Many commentators agree that exploitation occurs when the benefits of cooperative activity are unfairly distributed between the parties. To determine whether international research is exploitative we therefore need an account of fair distribution. Procedural accounts of fair bargaining have been popular solutions to this problem, but I argue that they are insufficient to protect against exploitation. I argue instead that a maximin principle of fair distribution provides a more compelling normative account of fairness in relationships characterised by extreme vulnerability and inequality of bargaining potential between the parties. A global tax on international research would provide a mechanism for implementing the maximin account of fair benefits. This model has the capacity to ensure fair benefits and thereby prevent exploitation in international research.

Regulating Emotion in the Context of Interpersonal Decisions: The Role of Anticipated Pride and Regret

PubMed Central

van der Schalk, Job; Bruder, Martin; Manstead, Antony

2012-01-01

Recent theories about the relation between emotion and behavior hold that social behavior is influenced not only by the experience of emotion, but also by the anticipation of emotion. We argue that anticipating future emotional states is an emotion regulation strategy when it leads to a change in behavior. In the current studies we examined how construal of a fair or an unfair situation in terms of positive or negative anticipated emotions influences the fairness of subsequent behavior. We used the Ultimatum Bargaining Game – an experimental game in which participants divide a resource between themselves and another person – as a social situation that offers the opportunity to engage in fair and unfair behavior. In Study 1 we used an autobiographical recall task to manipulate anticipated emotions. Although the task did not influence anticipated emotions directly, results showed that anticipated pride about fair behavior increased levels of fairness, whereas anticipated pride about unfair behavior decreased levels of fairness. Similarly, anticipated regret about fair behavior decreased levels of fairness, whereas anticipated regret about unfair behavior increased levels of fairness. In Study 2 we replicated this pattern of findings, and found that participants who thought about their anticipated emotions (pride or regret) in relation to unfair behavior behaved more fairly. We discuss these findings in relation to theories of emotion regulation and economic decision-making. PMID:23293615

Infants Associate Praise and Admonishment with Fair and Unfair Individuals

PubMed Central

DesChamps, Trent D.; Eason, Arianne E.; Sommerville, Jessica A.

2016-01-01

Recent evidence suggests that infants possess a rudimentary sensitivity to fairness: infants expect resources to be distributed fairly and equally, and prefer individuals that distribute resources fairly over those that do so unfairly. The goal of the present work was to determine whether infants' evaluations of fair and unfair individuals also includes an understanding that fair individuals are worthy of praise and unfair individuals are worthy of admonishment. After watching individuals distribute goods fairly or unfairly to recipients, 15-month-old (Experiments 1 and 2) and 13-month-old (Experiment 3) infants took part in a test phase in which they saw only the distributors' faces accompanied by praise or admonishment. Across all experiments, infants differentially shifted their visual attention to images of the fair and unfair distributors as a function of the accompanying praise or admonishment, although the direction in which they did so varied by age. Thus, by the start of the second year of life, infants appear to perceive fair individuals as morally praiseworthy and unfair individuals as morally blameworthy. PMID:27570495

29 CFR 785.5 - General requirements of sections 6 and 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General requirements of sections 6 and 7 of the Fair Labor... WORKED Principles for Determination of Hours Worked § 785.5 General requirements of sections 6 and 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act. Section 6 requires the payment of a minimum wage by an employer to his...

A Critical Analysis of Attribute Development Programs for Army Leaders

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

40 Col. Brian Michelon, “Character Development of U.S. Army Leaders: The Laissez - Faire Approach,” Military Review (2013...Accessed January 1, 2016. https://hbr.org/2001/12/what-leaders-really-do. Michelon, Brian. “Character Development of U.S. Army Leaders: The Laissez - Faire ...Leavenworth, Kansas 2016 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Fair use determination or copyright permission has been obtained

Evaluation of constructivist pedagogy: Influence on critical thinking skills, science fair participation and level of performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foxx, Robbie Evelyn

Science education reform, driven by a rapidly advancing technological society, demands the attention of both elementary and middle school curriculum-developers. Science education training in current standards (National Research Council [NRC] Standards 1996) emphasize inquiry, which is reported to be a basic tenet of the theory known as constructivism (NAASP, 1996; Cohen, 1988; Conley, 1993; Friedman, 1999; Newman, Marks, & Gamoran, 1996; Smerdon & Burkam 1999; Sizer 1992; Talbert & McLaughlin 1993; Tobin & Gallagher, 1987; Yager, 1991, 2000). Pedagogy focusing on the tenets of constructivist theory, at the intermediate level, can address current science standards. Many science educators believe participation in science fairs helps students develop the attitudes, skills, and knowledge that will help them to be comfortable and successful in the scientific and technological society (Czerniak, 1996). Competing in science fairs is one vehicle which allows students to apply science to societal issues, solve problems and model those things scientists do. Moreover, constructing a science fair project is suggested as being an excellent means to foster the development of concepts necessary in promoting scientific literacy (Czerniak, 1996). Research further suggests that through science fairs or other inquiry activities, students construct their knowledge with fewer misconceptions as they explore and discover the nature of science (NRC 1996). Tohn 's study (as cited in Bellipanni, 1994) stated that science fairs are a major campaign to increase student skills and to allow students a chance to have fun with science. The purpose of this research was twofold: (1) to assess science problem solving skills of students instructed using constructivist pedagogy, and (2) to explore the effects of constructivist pedagogy's influence(s) on science fair participation/placement. Students' attitudes resulting from these experiences were examined as well.

26 CFR 1.170-1 - Charitable, etc., contributions and gifts; allowance of deduction (before amendment by Tax Reform...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... contribution is made in property other than money, the amount of the deduction is determined by the fair market... than money, the taxpayer shall state the kind of property contributed (for example, used clothing, paintings, securities) and shall state the method utilized in determining the fair market value of the...

25 CFR 700.121 - Statement of the basis for the determination of fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Statement of the basis for the determination of fair market value. At the time of the initiation of... that such amount— (1) Is the full amount believed by the Commission to be just compensation for the... apportionment of the total estimated just compensation for the partial acquisition will be made. In the event...

25 CFR 700.121 - Statement of the basis for the determination of fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... apportionment of the total estimated just compensation for the partial acquisition will be made. In the event... Statement of the basis for the determination of fair market value. At the time of the initiation of... that such amount— (1) Is the full amount believed by the Commission to be just compensation for the...

7 CFR 1415.10 - Compensation for easements and rental contracts acquired by the Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Secretary. (a) The Chief shall not pay more than the fair market value of the land, less the grazing value... compensation the lowest of: (1) The fair market value of the land encumbered by the easement as determined by... market analysis or market survey. (2) The amount corresponding to a geographical cap, as determined by...

29 CFR 531.6 - Effects of collective bargaining agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938 Determinations of âReasonable Costâ and âFair Valueâ; Effects of Collective Bargaining Agreements § 531.6 Effects of collective bargaining...

Do you know the fair market value of quality?

PubMed

Johnson, Jen

2009-10-01

To develop a physician compensation package that includes fair-market-value incentive payments for their efforts to improve healthcare quality, a hospital first needs to: Evaluate current market data on quality incentive payments. Be familiar with the existing regulatory guidelines related to paying for quality. Understand the requirements for complying with the regulations.

Livestock Judges Training Provides Hands-On Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nash, Scott; Harrison, Steve; Packham, Joel; Sanchez, Dawn; Jensen, Jim; Kaysen, Brett; King, Marc

2016-01-01

The judging of a market animal at a fair is the highlight of a youth-owned livestock project. Livestock judges are hired to evaluate youth projects at fairs. They are critical ambassadors for agriculture and influence countless youths and adults. Judges must be knowledgeable about current animal evaluation methods that support youth development.…

"A More Equitable Society": The Politics of Global Fairness in Paralympic Sport.

PubMed

Swartz, Leslie; Bantjes, Jason; Rall, Divan; Ferreira, Suzanne; Blauwet, Cheri; Derman, Wayne

2016-01-01

The Paralympic Movement explicitly sets out to create a more equitable society and promote participation for all and fairness in disability sport. This is primarily achieved through the use of a range of interventions with less attention given to how economic factors may hinder access and achievement in Paralympic sport. We investigated how country-level economic variables influence the level of participation and achievement in the 2015 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Athletics Championships held in Doha. We used multiple regression analysis to show how levels of participation and achievement in the Championships were significantly determined by economic factors independent of population size. Our data show that in spite of the ideals of inclusion and fairness within the Paralympic Movement and the considerable effort expended on the use of technologies to achieve this, economic factors continue to exert a statistically significant influence on both the level of participation and achievement of Paralympic athletes. LMICs participate at lower levels and achieve fewer medals when compared to HICs. These differences are particularly marked in events that have a high cost of participation. Our findings raise questions regarding the use of current technologies and the level to which they are able to truly disrupt the politics of global inequality in sport.

Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants Contribute to Selected Sleep Quality and Cardiometabolic Health Relationships: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PubMed

Kanagasabai, Thirumagal; Ardern, Chris I

2015-01-01

Sleep is vital for cardiometabolic health, but a societal shift toward poor sleep is a prominent feature of many modern cultures. Concurrently, factors such as diet and lifestyle have also changed and may mediate the relationship between sleep quality and cardiometabolic health. Objectives were to explore (1) the interrelationship and (2) mediating effect of inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidants on sleep quality and cardiometabolic health. Cross-sectional data from the US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2005-06 (≥20 y; N = 2,072) was used. Cardiometabolic health was defined as per the Joint Interim Statement; overall sleep quality was determined from six sleep habits and categorized as good, fair, poor, and very poor. Fair quality sleepers had optimal inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant levels. Inflammation was above the current clinical reference range across all sleep quality categories, while oxidative stress was only within the clinical reference range for fair sleep quality. Selected sleep quality-cardiometabolic health relationships were mediated by inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidants and were moderated by sex. Our results provide initial evidence of a potential role for inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in the pathway between poor sleep quality-cardiometabolic decline. Further prospective research is needed to confirm our results.

“A More Equitable Society”: The Politics of Global Fairness in Paralympic Sport

PubMed Central

Bantjes, Jason; Rall, Divan; Ferreira, Suzanne; Blauwet, Cheri; Derman, Wayne

2016-01-01

The Paralympic Movement explicitly sets out to create a more equitable society and promote participation for all and fairness in disability sport. This is primarily achieved through the use of a range of interventions with less attention given to how economic factors may hinder access and achievement in Paralympic sport. We investigated how country-level economic variables influence the level of participation and achievement in the 2015 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Athletics Championships held in Doha. We used multiple regression analysis to show how levels of participation and achievement in the Championships were significantly determined by economic factors independent of population size. Our data show that in spite of the ideals of inclusion and fairness within the Paralympic Movement and the considerable effort expended on the use of technologies to achieve this, economic factors continue to exert a statistically significant influence on both the level of participation and achievement of Paralympic athletes. LMICs participate at lower levels and achieve fewer medals when compared to HICs. These differences are particularly marked in events that have a high cost of participation. Our findings raise questions regarding the use of current technologies and the level to which they are able to truly disrupt the politics of global inequality in sport. PMID:27941981

Development of Methods for the Determination of pKa Values

PubMed Central

Reijenga, Jetse; van Hoof, Arno; van Loon, Antonie; Teunissen, Bram

2013-01-01

The acid dissociation constant (pKa) is among the most frequently used physicochemical parameters, and its determination is of interest to a wide range of research fields. We present a brief introduction on the conceptual development of pKa as a physical parameter and its relationship to the concept of the pH of a solution. This is followed by a general summary of the historical development and current state of the techniques of pKa determination and an attempt to develop insight into future developments. Fourteen methods of determining the acid dissociation constant are placed in context and are critically evaluated to make a fair comparison and to determine their applications in modern chemistry. Additionally, we have studied these techniques in light of present trends in science and technology and attempt to determine how these trends might affect future developments in the field. PMID:23997574

Targeted caricatures.

PubMed

Pappas, Dennis G

2009-10-01

The original Vanity Fair was an English weekly magazine from 1868 to 1914. It offered its readers articles on fashion, current events, reviews of the theater, new books, reports on social events (and the latest scandals), and other trivia.Today, the old Vanity Fair is best known for its glorious caricature prints. Over 2,000 of these caricatures were printed, varying on at least 67 subjects. One category, doctors and scientists, presents four otolaryngologists. These four well known personalities will be presented with their satirical biographies, along with a brief historical account for each of their life after Vanity Fair.

26 CFR 1.1015-1 - Basis of property acquired by gift after December 31, 1920.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... sections 1016 and 1017) is greater than the fair market value of the property at the time of the gift. In such case, the basis for determining loss is the fair market value at the time of the gift. (2) The... fair market value of the property at the date of gift is $90,000. A later sells the property for $95...

Dynamic adjustments of cognitive control during economic decision making.

PubMed

Soutschek, Alexander; Schubert, Torsten

2014-10-01

Decision making in the Ultimatum game requires the resolution of conflicts between economic self-interest and fairness intuitions. Since cognitive control processes play an important role in conflict resolution, the present study examined how control processes that are triggered by conflicts between fairness and self-interest in unfair offers affect subsequent decisions in the Ultimatum game. Our results revealed that more unfair offers were accepted following previously unfair, compared to previously fair offers. Interestingly, the magnitude of this conflict adaptation effect correlated with the individual subjects' focus on economic self-interest. We concluded that conflicts between fairness and self-interest trigger cognitive control processes, which reinforce the focus on the current task goal. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

KSC-2009-1890

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-26

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – On Launch Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, workers complete the mating of the two fairing segments around NASA's Kepler spacecraft for encapsulation. The fairing is a molded structure that fits flush with the outside surface of the rocket and forms an aerodynamically smooth nose cone, protecting the spacecraft during launch and ascent. The liftoff of Kepler aboard the Delta II rocket is currently targeted for launch in a window extending 10:49 to 10:52 p.m. EST March 6 from Pad 17-B. Kepler is designed to survey more than 100,000 stars in our galaxy to determine the number of sun-like stars that have Earth-size and larger planets, including those that lie in a star's "habitable zone," a region where liquid water, and perhaps life, could exist. If these Earth-size worlds do exist around stars like our sun, Kepler is expected to be the first to find them and the first to measure how common they are. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

KSC-2009-1889

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-26

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – On Launch Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, the second half of the fairing moves closer to the first half around NASA's Kepler spacecraft for encapsulation. The fairing is a molded structure that fits flush with the outside surface of the rocket and forms an aerodynamically smooth nose cone, protecting the spacecraft during launch and ascent. The liftoff of Kepler aboard the Delta II rocket is currently targeted for launch in a window extending 10:49 to 10:52 p.m. EST March 6 from Pad 17-B. Kepler is designed to survey more than 100,000 stars in our galaxy to determine the number of sun-like stars that have Earth-size and larger planets, including those that lie in a star's "habitable zone," a region where liquid water, and perhaps life, could exist. If these Earth-size worlds do exist around stars like our sun, Kepler is expected to be the first to find them and the first to measure how common they are. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

KSC-2009-1885

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-26

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – On Launch Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, NASA's Kepler spacecraft, atop the United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket, waits for encapsulation in the fairing. The fairing is a molded structure that fits flush with the outside surface of the rocket and forms an aerodynamically smooth nose cone, protecting the spacecraft during launch and ascent. The liftoff of Kepler aboard the Delta II rocket is currently targeted for launch in a window extending 10:49 to 10:52 p.m. EST March 6 from Pad 17-B. Kepler is designed to survey more than 100,000 stars in our galaxy to determine the number of sun-like stars that have Earth-size and larger planets, including those that lie in a star's "habitable zone," a region where liquid water, and perhaps life, could exist. If these Earth-size worlds do exist around stars like our sun, Kepler is expected to be the first to find them and the first to measure how common they are. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

A comparison of three models for determining test fairness.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-01-01

There are three prominent models of test fairness in the dichotomous situation: : (a) Thorndike's Constant Ratio model (the ratio of the proportion successful to the proportion selected should be equal for the majority and the minority group); : (b) ...

Swine-to-Human Transmission of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus at Agricultural Fairs, Ohio, USA, 2012

PubMed Central

Nelson, Sarah W.; Page, Shannon L.; Nolting, Jacqueline M.; Killian, Mary L.; Sreevatsan, Srinand; Slemons, Richard D.

2014-01-01

Agricultural fairs provide an opportunity for bidirectional transmission of influenza A viruses. We sought to determine influenza A virus activity among swine at fairs in the United States. As part of an ongoing active influenza A virus surveillance project, nasal swab samples were collected from exhibition swine at 40 selected Ohio agricultural fairs during 2012. Influenza A(H3N2) virus was isolated from swine at 10 of the fairs. According to a concurrent public health investigation, 7 of the 10 fairs were epidemiologically linked to confirmed human infections with influenza A(H3N2) variant virus. Comparison of genome sequences of the subtype H3N2 isolates recovered from humans and swine from each fair revealed nucleotide identities of >99.7%, confirming zoonotic transmission between swine and humans. All influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated in this study, regardless of host species or fair, were >99.5% identical, indicating that 1 virus strain was widely circulating among exhibition swine in Ohio during 2012. PMID:25148572

Using International Law to Defuse Current Controversies in the South and East China Seas

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-01

7 Mid-Ocean Territorial Contests ................................................................................. 10 The Laissez - Faire ...to make similar claims. The Laissez - Faire Approach to Flag State Enforcement: The Flag of Convenience Problem The LOS Convention also recognizes...played an important thought- leadership role in oceans policy formulation and has supplied jurists to ITLOS and other arbitral tribunals, and has

South Asian populations in Canada: migration and mental health.

PubMed

Islam, Farah; Khanlou, Nazilla; Tamim, Hala

2014-05-26

South Asian populations are the largest visible minority group in Canada; however, there is very little information on the mental health of these populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rates and characteristics of mental health outcomes for South Asian first-generation immigrant and second-generation Canadian-born populations. The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2011 was used to calculate the estimated prevalence rates of the following mental health outcomes: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, fair-poor self-perceived mental health status, and extremely stressful life stress. The characteristics associated with these four mental health outcomes were determined through multivariate logistic regression analysis of merged CCHS 2007-2011 data. South Asian Canadian-born (3.5%, 95% CI 3.4-3.6%) and South Asian immigrant populations (3.5%, 95% CI 3.5-3.5%) did not vary significantly in estimated prevalence rates of mood disorders. However, South Asian immigrants experienced higher estimated prevalence rates of diagnosed anxiety disorders (3.4%, 95% CI 3.4-3.5 vs. 1.1%, 95% CI 1.1-1.1%) and self-reported extremely stressful life stress (2.6%, 95% CI 2.6-2.7% vs. 2.4%, 95% CI 2.3-2.4%) compared to their Canadian-born counterparts. Lastly, South Asian Canadian-born populations had a higher estimated prevalence rate of poor-fair self-perceived mental health status (4.4%, 95% CI 4.3-4.5%) compared to their immigrant counterparts (3.4%, 95% CI 3.3-3.4%). Different profiles of mental health determinants emerged for South Asian Canadian-born and immigrant populations. Female gender, having no children under the age of 12 in the household, food insecurity, poor-fair self-rated health status, being a current smoker, immigrating to Canada before adulthood, and taking the CCHS survey in either English or French was associated with greater risk of negative mental health outcomes for South Asian immigrant populations, while not being currently employed, having a regular medical doctor, and inactive physical activity level were associated with greater risk for South Asian Canadian-born populations. Mental health outreach programs need to be cognizant of the differences in prevalence rates and characteristics of mental health outcomes for South Asian immigrant and Canadian-born populations to better tailor mental health services to be responsive to the unique mental health needs of South Asian populations in Canada.

Intra- and interobserver reliability of the Eaton classification for trapeziometacarpal arthritis: a systematic review.

PubMed

Berger, Aaron J; Momeni, Arash; Ladd, Amy L

2014-04-01

Trapeziometacarpal, or thumb carpometacarpal (CMC), arthritis is a common problem with a variety of treatment options. Although widely used, the Eaton radiographic staging system for CMC arthritis is of questionable clinical utility, as disease severity does not predictably correlate with symptoms or treatment recommendations. A possible reason for this is that the classification itself may not be reliable, but the literature on this has not, to our knowledge, been systematically reviewed. We therefore performed a systematic review to determine the intra- and interobserver reliability of the Eaton staging system. We systematically reviewed English-language studies published between 1973 and 2013 to assess the degree of intra- and interobserver reliability of the Eaton classification for determining the stage of trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis and pantrapezial arthritis based on plain radiographic imaging. Search engines included: PubMed, Scopus(®), and CINAHL. Four studies, which included a total of 163 patients, met our inclusion criteria and were evaluated. The level of evidence of the studies included in this analysis was determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine Levels of Evidence Classification by two independent observers. A limited number of studies have been performed to assess intra- and interobserver reliability of the Eaton classification system. The four studies included were determined to be Level 3b. These studies collectively indicate that the Eaton classification demonstrates poor to fair interobserver reliability (kappa values: 0.11-0.56) and fair to moderate intraobserver reliability (kappa values: 0.54-0.657). Review of the literature demonstrates that radiographs assist in the assessment of CMC joint disease, but there is not a reliable system for classification of disease severity. Currently, diagnosis and treatment of thumb CMC arthritis are based on the surgeon's qualitative assessment combining history, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation. Inconsistent agreement using the current common radiographic classification system suggests a need for better radiographic tools to quantify disease severity.

Science fair: Is it worth the work? A qualitative study on deaf students' perceptions and experiences regarding science fair in primary and secondary school

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Vivian Lee

Science fairs have a long history in American education. They play an important role for establishing inquiry-based experiences in a science classroom. Students may be more motivated to learn science content when they are allowed to choose their own science fair topics. The purpose of this study was to examine Deaf college students' perceptions and experiences regarding science fair participation during primary and/or secondary school and determine the influence of science fair involvement on the development of language skills, writing skills, and higher order thinking skills as well as its impact on choice of a STEM major. This study examined responses from Deaf students attending Gallaudet University and National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) majoring in a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Math (STEM) field. An electronic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to collect data. The electronic questionnaire was divided into two strands: demographics and science fair experience. Twenty-one respondents participated in the questionnaire and ten participants were interviewed. A cross-case analysis revealed communication was the key to a successful science fair experience. Findings showed the educational background of participants influenced their perspective regarding the experience of a science fair. When communicating through American Sign Language, the science fair experience was more positive. When communicating through an interpreter or having no interpreter at all, the science fair experience was viewed in a negative light. The use of science fairs to enhance language development, writing skills, and higher order thinking skills was supported. Teachers and parents were strong influences for Deaf students participating in a science fair. Participation in a science fair did influence students to choose a STEM major but there were other considerations as well.

Physician Perception of Pay Fairness and its Association with Work Satisfaction, Intent to Leave Practice, and Personal Health.

PubMed

Kao, Audiey C; Jager, Andrew J; Koenig, Barbara A; Moller, Arlen C; Tutty, Michael A; Williams, Geoffrey C; Wright, Scott M

2018-06-01

Primary care physicians generally earn less than specialists. Studies of other occupations have identified perception of pay fairness as a predictor of work- and life-related outcomes. We evaluated whether physicians' pay fairness perceptions were associated with their work satisfaction, turnover intention, and personal health. Three thousand five hundred eighty-nine physicians were surveyed. Agreement with "my total compensation is fair" was used to assess pay fairness perceptions. Total compensation was self-reported, and we used validated measures of work satisfaction, likelihood of leaving current practice, and health status. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to assess the associations between pay fairness perceptions and work/life-related outcomes. A total of 2263 physicians completed surveys. Fifty-seven percent believed their compensation was fair; there was no difference between physicians in internal medicine and non-primary care specialties (P = 0.58). Eighty-three percent were satisfied at work, 70% reported low likelihood of leaving their practice, and 77% rated their health as very good or excellent. Higher compensation levels were associated with greater work satisfaction and lower turnover intention, but most associations became statistically non-significant after adjusting for pay fairness perceptions. Perceived pay fairness was associated with greater work satisfaction (OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 3.94-6.08; P < 0.001), lower turnover intention (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 2.01-3.01; P < 0.001), and better health (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.65; P < 0.01). Physicians who thought their pay was fair reported greater work satisfaction, lower likelihood of leaving their practice, and better overall health. Addressing pay fairness perceptions may be important for sustaining a satisfied and healthy physician workforce, which is necessary to deliver high-quality care.

25 CFR 900.129 - How do the Secretary and Indian tribe or tribal organization arrive at an overall fair and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Prior costs to the government for similar projects adjusted for comparison to the target location...) Changes in inflation rates and market conditions, including local market conditions; (3) Cost and price... contract. The objective of the negotiations is to arrive at an amount that is fair under current market...

20 CFR 416.1246 - Disposal of resources at less than fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the time of transfer or contract of sale, if earlier. See § 416.1101 for definition of current market... enforceable) agreement in effect at the time of transfer. Compensation also includes all money, real or...—General. The uncompensated value is the fair market value of a resource at the time of transfer minus the...

Interactivity vs. fairness in networked linux systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Wenji; Crawford, Matt; /Fermilab

In general, the Linux 2.6 scheduler can ensure fairness and provide excellent interactive performance at the same time. However, our experiments and mathematical analysis have shown that the current Linux interactivity mechanism tends to incorrectly categorize non-interactive network applications as interactive, which can lead to serious fairness or starvation issues. In the extreme, a single process can unjustifiably obtain up to 95% of the CPU! The root cause is due to the facts that: (1) network packets arrive at the receiver independently and discretely, and the 'relatively fast' non-interactive network process might frequently sleep to wait for packet arrival. Thoughmore » each sleep lasts for a very short period of time, the wait-for-packet sleeps occur so frequently that they lead to interactive status for the process. (2) The current Linux interactivity mechanism provides the possibility that a non-interactive network process could receive a high CPU share, and at the same time be incorrectly categorized as 'interactive.' In this paper, we propose and test a possible solution to address the interactivity vs. fairness problems. Experiment results have proved the effectiveness of the proposed solution.« less

Acoustic fill factors for a 120 inch diameter fairing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Y. Albert

1992-01-01

Data from the acoustic test of a 120-inch diameter payload fairing were collected and an analysis of acoustic fill factors were performed. Correction factors for obtaining a weighted spatial average of the interior sound pressure level (SPL) were derived based on this database and a normalized 200-inch diameter fairing database. The weighted fill factors were determined and compared with statistical energy analysis (VAPEPS code) derived fill factors. The comparison is found to be reasonable.

A NASTRAN model of a large flexible swing-wing bomber. Volume 5: NASTRAN model development-fairing structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mock, W. D.; Latham, R. A.

1982-01-01

The NASTRAN model plan for the fairing structure was expanded in detail to generate the NASTRAN model of this substructure. The grid point coordinates, element definitions, material properties, and sizing data for each element were specified. The fairing model was thoroughly checked out for continuity, connectivity, and constraints. The substructure was processed for structural influence coefficients (SIC) point loadings to determine the deflection characteristics of the fairing model. Finally, a demonstration and validation processing of this substructure was accomplished using the NASTRAN finite element program. The bulk data deck, stiffness matrices, and SIC output data were delivered.

Quantitative valuation placed by children and teenagers on participation in two hypothetical research scenarios.

PubMed

Funnell, Dan; Fertleman, Caroline; Carrey, Liz; Brierley, Joe

2012-11-01

For paediatric medicine to advance, research must be conducted specifically with children. Concern about poor recruitment has led to debate about payments to child research participants. Although concerns about undue influence by such 'compensation' have been expressed, it is useful to determine whether children can relate the time and inconvenience associated with participation to the value of payment offered. This study explores children's ability to determine fair remuneration for research participation, and reviews payments to children participating in research. Forty children were interviewed before outpatient visits at two London Hospitals: Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and the Whittington Hospital District General Hospital. Children were asked to value their involvement in two hypothetical research scenarios - the first an 'additional blood sample', the second also involving daily oral oil capsules taken for a fortnight before further venesection. Background knowledge about familiarity with money, and experience with hospitalisation was assessed. The mean valuation of involvement in the second scenario (£13.18) was higher than in the first (£2.84) (p<0.001). This higher valuation persisted when children were categorised into groups 'aged 12+' and 'below 12'. Those undergoing a blood test on the day placed a higher valuation on participation in the second scenario (£10.43, £21.67, p=0.044). These children aged 8-16 demonstrated the capacity to discern a fair valuation for participation in medical research. The monetary sums are influenced by the time and inconvenience involved in the research, and by the extent of recent experience with hospital procedures. The authors review current ethical thinking regarding payments to child research participants and suggest that a fair wage model might be an ethically acceptable way to increase participation of children in research.

An evaluation of an ICCD imager of dynamic range expansion technique and application of insitu procedures for life-time extension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Currie, D. G.

1982-01-01

Research toward practical implementation of the Intensified Charge Coupled Device (ICCD) as a photon-counting array detector for astronomy is reported. The first area of concentration was to determine the rate and extent of the lifetime limiting damage to the CCD caused by the impact of high energy electrons, and to find whether various methods of annealing the damage were productive. The second effort was to determine the performance of the ICCD in a photon-counting mode to produce extended dynamic range measurements. There are two main effects that appear as the practical results of the electron damage to the CCD. One is an increase in the leakage current, i.e., the normal thermal generation of charge carriers in the silicon that provides a background dark signal that adds to the light produced image. In an undamaged CCD, the leakage current is usually fairly uniform across the photosensitive area of the silicon chip, with the exception of various bright pixels which have an anomalous leakage current well above the overall level.

Experimental Measurements and Comparison of Cable Performance for Mine Hunting Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mangum, Katherine

2005-11-01

The Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWCCD) conducted testing of multiple faired synthetic cables in the High Speed Basin in April, 2005. The objective of the test was to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of bare cables, ribbon faired cables, and cables with extruded plastic ``strakes.'' Faired cables are used to gain on-station time and improve performance of the MH-60 Helicopter when towing mine hunting vehicles. Drag and strum were compared for all cases. Strum was quantified by computing standard deviations of lateral cable acceleration amplitudes. Drag coefficients were calculated using cable tension and angle readings. While the straked cables strummed less than the bare synthetic cable, they did not reduce strum levels as well as ribbon fairing at steep cable angles for speeds of 10, 15, 20 and 25 knots. The drag coefficient of the straked cables was calculated to be higher than that of a bare cable, although further testing is needed to determine an exact number.

From science fair to project-based science: A study of the implementation of an innovation through an existing activity system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walker, Lisa Jean

The implementation process is critical to the success of educational innovations. Project-based science is an innovation designed to support students' science learning. Science fair is a pervasive school practice in which students exhibit science projects. Little is known about how science fair may affect the implementation of reform efforts in science education. This study explores the relationship of science fair and project-based science in the classrooms of three science teachers. Two theories are used to understand science fair as an instructional practice. Cultural historical activity theory supports an analysis of the origins and development of science fair. The idea of communities of practice supports a focus on why and how educational practitioners participate in science fair and what meanings the activity holds for them. The study identifies five historically-based design themes that have shaped science fair: general science, project method, scientific method, extra-curricular activity, and laboratory science. The themes provide a new framework for describing teachers' classroom practices for science fair activities and support analysis of the ways their practices incorporate aspects of project-based science. Three case studies in Chicago present ethnographic descriptions of science fair practices within the context of school communities. One focuses on the scientific method as a linear process for doing science, another on knowledge generation through laboratory experiments, and the third on student ability to engage in open-ended inquiry. One teacher reinvents a project-based science curriculum to strengthen students' laboratory-based science fair projects, while another reinvents science fair to teach science as inquiry. In each case, science fair is part of the school's efforts to improve science instruction. The cases suggest that reform efforts help to perpetuate science fair practice. To support systemic improvements in science education, this study recommends that science fair be recognized as a classroom instructional activity---rather than an extra-curricular event---and part of the system of science education in this country. If science fair is to reflect new ideas in science education, direct intervention in the practice is necessary. This study---including both the history and examples of current practice---provides valuable insights for reconsidering science fair's design.

Concerns for the worse off: fair innings versus severity.

PubMed

Nord, Erik

2005-01-01

The original fair innings argument is about claims on length of life. Alan Williams has suggested that the argument also should apply to quality of life. His 'generalised fair innings approach' on the one hand, and the severity approach on the other, are two ways of incorporating concerns for fairness in economic evaluation of health care. They are based on different ethical arguments and therefore partly lead to different results. Both approaches incorporate concerns for current and future severity. There is strong support for this in formal theories of justice and government guidelines, and a number of public surveys even indicate the strength of these concerns. The generalised fair innings approach additionally incorporates concerns for past suffering. Intuitively, this is not unreasonable, but there is at this point little ethical theory or empirical evidence to suggest the strength of such concerns. The fair innings argument can be decomposed in an 'equal innings argument' and a 'sufficient innings argument'. When the fair innings argument is applied to quality of life, its sufficient innings component implies that young people should have priority over old people when it comes to functional improvements and symptom relief for non-fatal conditions. This runs counter to both moral intuitions and official goverment guidelines in Norway and Sweden.

Evaluation of a nursing student health fair program: Meeting curricular standards and improving community members' health.

PubMed

Salerno, John P; McEwing, Evan; Matsuda, Yui; Gonzalez-Guarda, Rosa M; Ogunrinde, Olutola; Azaiza, Mona; Williams, Jessica R

2018-04-17

Public health nursing (PHN) is an essential component of baccalaureate nursing education. In order to build PHN competencies, universities must design and operationalize meaningful clinical activities addressing community and population health. Currently, there is a paucity of literature delineating best practices for promoting competency in PHN. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe a PHN-student health fair program as a means for meeting undergraduate PHN curricular standards, and to report results of an evaluation conducted examining its effectiveness in improving community member's health knowledge. Health fairs were held at community agencies that served the homeless or victims of intimate partner violence. A total of 113 community members that attended a health fair were assessed at baseline and immediate posttest using open-ended questionnaires. The design of the health fairs included a community assessment, intervention, and evaluation flow that followed the nursing process. We report that results from participants surveyed indicated that PHN-student delivered health fairs improved health knowledge among community members in this sample (p = .000). Health fairs conducted by PHN students appear to be promising community health promotion and disease prevention interventions that can serve as an effective strategy for teaching PHN student competencies and facilitating engagement with the community. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

An Assessment of the Economic Status of the Antifriction Bearing Industry

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

United States at "less than fair value ." ITC is responsible for determining whether a domestic industry has been harmed or is likely to be harmed by...the importation of goods at less than fair value . DoC issues and administers antidumping duties when they are imposed. DoD also has the authority to...2 national defense requirements. 2 Imports need not be priced at less than fair value . The investigating agency has the authority to examine a broad

Grid Computing at GSI for ALICE and FAIR - present and future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwarz, Kilian; Uhlig, Florian; Karabowicz, Radoslaw; Montiel-Gonzalez, Almudena; Zynovyev, Mykhaylo; Preuss, Carsten

2012-12-01

The future FAIR experiments CBM and PANDA have computing requirements that fall in a category that could currently not be satisfied by one single computing centre. One needs a larger, distributed computing infrastructure to cope with the amount of data to be simulated and analysed. Since 2002, GSI operates a tier2 center for ALICE@CERN. The central component of the GSI computing facility and hence the core of the ALICE tier2 centre is a LSF/SGE batch farm, currently split into three subclusters with a total of 15000 CPU cores shared by the participating experiments, and accessible both locally and soon also completely via Grid. In terms of data storage, a 5.5 PB Lustre file system, directly accessible from all worker nodes is maintained, as well as a 300 TB xrootd-based Grid storage element. Based on this existing expertise, and utilising ALICE's middleware ‘AliEn’, the Grid infrastructure for PANDA and CBM is being built. Besides a tier0 centre at GSI, the computing Grids of the two FAIR collaborations encompass now more than 17 sites in 11 countries and are constantly expanding. The operation of the distributed FAIR computing infrastructure benefits significantly from the experience gained with the ALICE tier2 centre. A close collaboration between ALICE Offline and FAIR provides mutual advantages. The employment of a common Grid middleware as well as compatible simulation and analysis software frameworks ensure significant synergy effects.

7 CFR 623.8 - Easement value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... easements will be based on the fair market value, as determined by the NRCS State Conservationist, of the land covered by the easements. Fair market value will be based on post-flood conditions as if reclaimed...

Off-Campus Student Housing Satisfaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Delgadillo, Lucy; Erickson, Luke V.

2006-01-01

Results from a survey of 180 students at a western university suggest that apartment manager's responsiveness and fairness explain 50% of the variance in determining student satisfaction with off-campus housing. Variables that measured aspects of the off-campus housing experience included manager fairness, likelihood of renting from the manager…

76 FR 68404 - Uranium From the Russian Federation; Final Results of Expedited Sunset Review of the Suspension...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-04

..., Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation (``Russia''), Tajikistan... Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan was being sold at less-than-fair-value by... Determinations of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Uranium From Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine...

18 CFR 4.14 - Hearing upon report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act... Commission. (c) Adjustment to licensee's books. The licensee's books of account for the project shall be adjusted to conform to the fair value of the project as revised by the order of the Commission. These...

18 CFR 4.14 - Hearing upon report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act... Commission. (c) Adjustment to licensee's books. The licensee's books of account for the project shall be adjusted to conform to the fair value of the project as revised by the order of the Commission. These...

18 CFR 4.14 - Hearing upon report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act... Commission. (c) Adjustment to licensee's books. The licensee's books of account for the project shall be adjusted to conform to the fair value of the project as revised by the order of the Commission. These...

18 CFR 4.14 - Hearing upon report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act... Commission. (c) Adjustment to licensee's books. The licensee's books of account for the project shall be adjusted to conform to the fair value of the project as revised by the order of the Commission. These...

18 CFR 4.14 - Hearing upon report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act... Commission. (c) Adjustment to licensee's books. The licensee's books of account for the project shall be adjusted to conform to the fair value of the project as revised by the order of the Commission. These...

Emergy Accounting: Past, Present and Future.

EPA Science Inventory

One of the greatest problems facing all of the countries of the world today is how to put a fair value on the contributions that the environment makes to maintain the economic and social well being of their people. This is not an easy task, since fair value can only be determine...

25 CFR 700.183 - Determination of replacement housing benefit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; (1) The amount of the fair market value of the habitation and improvements purchased from an eligible... dwelling is less than the fair market value of the habitation and improvements purchased from an eligible... Four Family Dwelling Units). (2) The most recent Boecht Building Cost Modifier. (3) The experience of...

Money talks: neural substrate of modulation of fairness by monetary incentives

PubMed Central

Zhou, Yuan; Wang, Yun; Rao, Li-Lin; Yang, Liu-Qing; Li, Shu

2014-01-01

A unique feature of the human species is compliance with social norms, e.g., fairness, even though this normative decision means curbing self-interest. However, sometimes people prefer to pursue wealth at the expense of moral goodness. Specifically, deviations from a fairness-related normative choice have been observed in the presence of a high monetary incentive. The neural mechanism underlying this deviation from the fairness-related normative choice has yet to be determined. In order to address this issue, using functional magnetic resonance imaging we employed an ultimatum game (UG) paradigm in which fairness and a proposed monetary amount were orthogonally varied. We found evidence for a significant modulation by the proposed amount on fairness in the right lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the bilateral insular cortices. Additionally, the insular subregions showed dissociable modulation patterns. Inter-individual differences in the modulation effects in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) accounted for inter-individual differences in the behavioral modulation effect as measured by the rejection rate, supporting the concept that the PFC plays a critical role in making fairness-related normative decisions in a social interaction condition. Our findings provide neural evidence for the modulation of fairness by monetary incentives as well as accounting for inter-individual differences. PMID:24834034

Theoretical model and experimental investigation of current density boundary condition for welding arc study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boutaghane, A.; Bouhadef, K.; Valensi, F.; Pellerin, S.; Benkedda, Y.

2011-04-01

This paper presents results of theoretical and experimental investigation of the welding arc in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) processes. A theoretical model consisting in simultaneous resolution of the set of conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and current, Ohm's law and Maxwell equation is used to predict temperatures and current density distribution in argon welding arcs. A current density profile had to be assumed over the surface of the cathode as a boundary condition in order to make the theoretical calculations possible. In stationary GTAW process, this assumption leads to fair agreement with experimental results reported in literature with maximum arc temperatures of ~21 000 K. In contrast to the GTAW process, in GMAW process, the electrode is consumable and non-thermionic, and a realistic boundary condition of the current density is lacking. For establishing this crucial boundary condition which is the current density in the anode melting electrode, an original method is setup to enable the current density to be determined experimentally. High-speed camera (3000 images/s) is used to get geometrical dimensions of the welding wire used as anode. The total area of the melting anode covered by the arc plasma being determined, the current density at the anode surface can be calculated. For a 330 A arc, the current density at the melting anode surface is found to be of 5 × 107 A m-2 for a 1.2 mm diameter welding electrode.

KSC-2009-1884

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-26

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – On Launch Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, workers wait for the arrival of the two fairing components that will be installed around NASA's Kepler spacecraft, seen at left. The fairing is a molded structure that fits flush with the outside surface of the rocket and forms an aerodynamically smooth nose cone, protecting the spacecraft during launch and ascent. The liftoff of Kepler aboard the Delta II rocket is currently targeted for launch in a window extending 10:49 to 10:52 p.m. EST March 6 from Pad 17-B. Kepler is designed to survey more than 100,000 stars in our galaxy to determine the number of sun-like stars that have Earth-size and larger planets, including those that lie in a star's "habitable zone," a region where liquid water, and perhaps life, could exist. If these Earth-size worlds do exist around stars like our sun, Kepler is expected to be the first to find them and the first to measure how common they are. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

KSC-2009-1887

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-26

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – On Launch Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, workers watch closely as the second half of the fairing is moved into the mobile service tower for placement around NASA's Kepler spacecraft (left) to complete encapsulation. The fairing is a molded structure that fits flush with the outside surface of the rocket and forms an aerodynamically smooth nose cone, protecting the spacecraft during launch and ascent. The liftoff of Kepler aboard the Delta II rocket is currently targeted for launch in a window extending 10:49 to 10:52 p.m. EST March 6 from Pad 17-B. Kepler is designed to survey more than 100,000 stars in our galaxy to determine the number of sun-like stars that have Earth-size and larger planets, including those that lie in a star's "habitable zone," a region where liquid water, and perhaps life, could exist. If these Earth-size worlds do exist around stars like our sun, Kepler is expected to be the first to find them and the first to measure how common they are. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

KSC-2009-1886

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-26

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – On Launch Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, the first half of the fairing is moved into place around NASA's Kepler spacecraft, atop the United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket. The fairing is a molded structure that fits flush with the outside surface of the rocket and forms an aerodynamically smooth nose cone, protecting the spacecraft during launch and ascent. The liftoff of Kepler aboard the Delta II rocket is currently targeted for launch in a window extending 10:49 to 10:52 p.m. EST March 6 from Pad 17-B. Kepler is designed to survey more than 100,000 stars in our galaxy to determine the number of sun-like stars that have Earth-size and larger planets, including those that lie in a star's "habitable zone," a region where liquid water, and perhaps life, could exist. If these Earth-size worlds do exist around stars like our sun, Kepler is expected to be the first to find them and the first to measure how common they are. Photo credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller

Objective assessment of psoriasis erythema for PASI scoring.

PubMed

Ahmad Fadzil, M H; Ihtatho, Dani; Mohd Affandi, Azura; Hussein, S H

2009-01-01

Skin colour is vital information in dermatological diagnosis as it reflects the pathological condition beneath the skin. It is commonly used to indicate the extent of diseases such as psoriasis, which is indicated by the appearance of red plaques. Although there is no cure for psoriasis, there are many treatment modalities to help control the disease. To evaluate treatment efficacy, the current gold standard method, PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index), is used to determine severity of psoriasis lesion. Erythema (redness) is one parameter in PASI and this condition is assessed visually, thus leading to subjective and inconsistent results. Current methods or instruments that assess erythema have limitations, such as being able to measure erythema well for low pigmented skin (fair skin) but not for highly pigmented skin (dark skin) or vice versa. In this work, we proposed an objective assessment of psoriasis erythema for PASI scoring for different (low to highly pigmented) skin types. The colour of psoriasis lesions are initially obtained by using a chromameter giving the values L*, a*, and b* of CIELAB colour space. The L* value is used to classify skin into three categories: low, medium and highly pigmented skin. The lightness difference (DeltaL*), hue difference (Deltah(ab)), chroma (DeltaC*(ab)) between lesions and the surrounding normal skin are calculated and analysed. It is found that the erythema score of a lesion can be distinguished by their Deltah(ab) value within a particular skin type group. References of lesion with different scores are obtained from the selected lesions by two dermatologists. Results based on 38 lesions from 22 patients with various level of skin pigmentation show that PASI erythema score for different skin types i.e. low (fair skin) to highly pigmented (dark skin) skin types can be determined objectively and consistent with dermatology scoring.

Dispersal of suspended sediments in the turbid and highly stratified Red River plume

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Maren, D. S.; Hoekstra, P.

2005-03-01

The Red River, annually transporting 100 million tons of sediment, flows into a shallow shelf sea where it rapidly deposits most of its sediment on a prograding delta front. Oceanographic cruises were carried out in February-March and July-August 2000 to determine the vertical structure of the Ba Lat river plume and sediment transport patterns on the delta front. The surface waters in the coastal zone were strongly stratified with a low density and high sediment concentration during the larger part of the wet season, caused by low mixing rates of river plumes with ambient water. The river plume is advected to the south by a well-developed coastal current which originates from the river plumes that enter the Gulf of Tonkin North of the Ba Lat and are deflected southward by the Coriolis force. Sediment predominantly leaves the surface plume by settling from suspension and less by mixing of fresh and marine water. A one-dimensional model for plume deposition valid for fair weather conditions indicates that most sediment is deposited within 10 km and southward of the river mouth. Of prime importance for this depositional pattern is the phase relation between river outflow and tidal currents, in combination with the southward surface flow; alongshore advection is very low during outflow of the turbid river plume. The agreement of modeled plume sedimentation patterns with long-term bathymetric changes strongly suggests that fair weather depositional processes determine delta front development. This may be related to the fact that reworking of sediment mainly occurs several months after the peak deposition period; in the meantime sediment compaction and consolidation have increased the shear strength of deposited sediments.

25 CFR 700.113 - Basic acquisition policies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... market value. Before the initiation of negotiations, the Commission shall establish an amount which it believes is fair market value for improvements. This amount shall be based on a current appraisal at the... current dollar value. The amount of the current appraisal will be offered as just compensation for the...

77 FR 17436 - Certain Stilbenic Optical Brightening Agents From the People's Republic of China: Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-26

... of Sales at Less Than Fair Market Value: Synthetic Indigo From the People's Republic of China, 65 FR... Brightening Agents From the People's Republic of China: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value... China (``PRC'').\\1\\ The Department invited interested parties to comment on the Preliminary...

23 CFR 710.709 - Determination of fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... State and local law. (d) If a concession agreement is not awarded pursuant to a competitive process, the... pursuant to a competitive process with more than one bidder shall be deemed to be fair market value. Any concession agreement awarded pursuant to a competitive process with only one bidder shall be presumed to be...

23 CFR 710.709 - Determination of fair market value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... State and local law. (d) If a concession agreement is not awarded pursuant to a competitive process, the... pursuant to a competitive process with more than one bidder shall be deemed to be fair market value. Any concession agreement awarded pursuant to a competitive process with only one bidder shall be presumed to be...

Ongoing Issues in Test Fairness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Camilli, Gregory

2013-01-01

In the attempt to identify or prevent unfair tests, both quantitative analyses and logical evaluation are often used. For the most part, fairness evaluation is a pragmatic attempt at determining whether procedural or substantive due process has been accorded to either a group of test takers or an individual. In both the individual and comparative…

29 CFR 790.8 - “Principal” activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... liabilities and obligations under the Fair Labor Standards Act with respect to the “principal” activities his... determining hours worked under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended. 54 Although certain “preliminary” and.... Allison Co., Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 63 F. (2d) 553 (C.C.A. 8, 1933). 56 Cf. Armour & Co...

78 FR 33351 - Xanthan Gum From the People's Republic of China: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-04

... Fufeng Fermentation Co., Ltd.,'' dated March 4, 2013; see also ``Less Than Fair Value Investigation of... Biotechnologies Co., Ltd. (aka Inner Mongolia Fufeng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd.) and Shandong Fufeng Fermentation... Responses of Neimenggu Fufeng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd. and its affiliate Shandong Fufeng Fermentation Co...

Strategic Sealift: Part of the National Defense Reserve Fleet Is No Longer Needed

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

would prevent MARAD from obtaining fair value for the scrapped ships and affect its ability to acquire newer ships for the Reserve Fleet. They also...Ship Exchange Program Offers are reviewed by a three-member MARAD vessel disposal committee to determine whether they reflect fair value for the

Methodological quality of systematic reviews addressing femoroacetabular impingement.

PubMed

Kowalczuk, Marcin; Adamich, John; Simunovic, Nicole; Farrokhyar, Forough; Ayeni, Olufemi R

2015-09-01

As the body of literature on femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) continues to grow, clinicians turn to systematic reviews to remain current with the best available evidence. The quality of systematic reviews in the FAI literature is currently unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the quality of the reporting of systematic reviews addressing FAI over the last 11 years (2003-2014) and to identify the specific methodological shortcomings and strengths. A search of the electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed, was performed to identify relevant systematic reviews. Methodological quality was assessed by two reviewers using the revised assessment of multiple systematic reviews (R-AMSTAR) scoring tool. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was used to determine agreement between reviewers on R-AMSTAR quality scores. A total of 22 systematic reviews were assessed for methodological quality. The mean consensus R-AMSTAR score across all studies was 26.7 out of 40.0, indicating fair methodological quality. An ICC of 0.931, 95 % CI 0.843-0.971 indicated excellent agreement between reviewers during the scoring process. The systematic reviews addressing FAI are generally of fair methodological quality. Use of tools such as the R-AMSTAR score or PRISMA guidelines while designing future systematic reviews can assist in eliminating methodological shortcomings identified in this review. These shortcomings need to be kept in mind by clinicians when applying the current literature to their patient populations and making treatment decisions. Systematic reviews of highest methodological quality should be used by clinicians when possible to answer clinical questions.

Evaluating lineup fairness: Variations across methods and measures.

PubMed

Mansour, Jamal K; Beaudry, Jennifer L; Kalmet, Natalie; Bertrand, Michelle I; Lindsay, R C L

2017-02-01

Triers of fact sometimes consider lineup fairness when determining the suggestiveness of an identification procedure. Likewise, researchers often consider lineup fairness when comparing results across studies. Despite their importance, lineup fairness measures have received scant empirical attention and researchers inconsistently conduct and report mock-witness tasks and lineup fairness measures. We conducted a large-scale, online experiment (N = 1,010) to examine how lineup fairness measures varied with mock-witness task methodologies as well as to explore the validity and reliability of the measures. In comparison to descriptions compiled from multiple witnesses, when individual descriptions were presented in the mock-witness task, lineup fairness measures indicated a higher number of plausible lineup members but more bias toward the suspect. Target-absent lineups were consistently estimated to be fairer than target-present lineups-which is problematic because it suggests that lineups containing innocent suspects are less likely to be challenged in court than lineups containing guilty suspects. Correlations within lineup size measures and within some lineup bias measures indicated convergent validity and the correlations across the lineup size and lineup bias measures demonstrated discriminant validity. The reliability of lineup fairness measures across different descriptions was low and reliability across different sets of mock witnesses was moderate to high, depending on the measure. Researchers reporting lineup fairness measures should specify the type of description presented, the amount of detail in the description, and whether the mock witnesses viewed target-present and/or -absent lineups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

What Is the Relevance of Procedural Fairness to Making Determinations about Medical Evidence?

PubMed

Persad, Govind

2017-02-01

Approaches relying on fair procedures rather than substantive principles have been proposed for answering dilemmas in medical ethics and health policy. These dilemmas generally involve two questions: the epistemological (factual) question of which benefits an intervention will have, and the ethical (value) question of how to distribute those benefits. This article focuses on the potential of fair procedures to help address epistemological and factual questions in medicine, using the debate over antidepressant efficacy as a test case. In doing so, it employs concepts from social epistemology such as testimonial injustice (bias resulting from the exclusion of evidence) and hermeneutical injustice (bias resulting from a prevailing discussion framework's conceptual limitations). This article also explores the relevance of scientific consensus to determinations regarding medical evidence. © 2017 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.

South Asian populations in Canada: migration and mental health

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background South Asian populations are the largest visible minority group in Canada; however, there is very little information on the mental health of these populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rates and characteristics of mental health outcomes for South Asian first-generation immigrant and second-generation Canadian-born populations. Methods The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2011 was used to calculate the estimated prevalence rates of the following mental health outcomes: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, fair-poor self-perceived mental health status, and extremely stressful life stress. The characteristics associated with these four mental health outcomes were determined through multivariate logistic regression analysis of merged CCHS 2007–2011 data. Results South Asian Canadian-born (3.5%, 95% CI 3.4-3.6%) and South Asian immigrant populations (3.5%, 95% CI 3.5-3.5%) did not vary significantly in estimated prevalence rates of mood disorders. However, South Asian immigrants experienced higher estimated prevalence rates of diagnosed anxiety disorders (3.4%, 95% CI 3.4-3.5 vs. 1.1%, 95% CI 1.1-1.1%) and self-reported extremely stressful life stress (2.6%, 95% CI 2.6-2.7% vs. 2.4%, 95% CI 2.3-2.4%) compared to their Canadian-born counterparts. Lastly, South Asian Canadian-born populations had a higher estimated prevalence rate of poor-fair self-perceived mental health status (4.4%, 95% CI 4.3-4.5%) compared to their immigrant counterparts (3.4%, 95% CI 3.3-3.4%). Different profiles of mental health determinants emerged for South Asian Canadian-born and immigrant populations. Female gender, having no children under the age of 12 in the household, food insecurity, poor-fair self-rated health status, being a current smoker, immigrating to Canada before adulthood, and taking the CCHS survey in either English or French was associated with greater risk of negative mental health outcomes for South Asian immigrant populations, while not being currently employed, having a regular medical doctor, and inactive physical activity level were associated with greater risk for South Asian Canadian-born populations. Conclusions Mental health outreach programs need to be cognizant of the differences in prevalence rates and characteristics of mental health outcomes for South Asian immigrant and Canadian-born populations to better tailor mental health services to be responsive to the unique mental health needs of South Asian populations in Canada. PMID:24884792

Identification of Relationships Between Patients Through Elements in a Data Warehouse Using the Familial, Associational, and Incidental Relationship (FAIR) Initiative: A Pilot Study

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Background Over the last several years there has been widespread development of medical data warehouses. Current data warehouses focus on individual cases, but lack the ability to identify family members that could be used for dyadic or familial research. Currently, the patient’s family history in the medical record is the only documentation we have to understand the health status and social habits of their family members. Identifying familial linkages in a phenotypic data warehouse can be valuable in cohort identification and in beginning to understand the interactions of diseases among families. Objective The goal of the Familial, Associational, & Incidental Relationships (FAIR) initiative is to identify an index set of patients’ relationships through elements in a data warehouse. Methods Using a test set of 500 children, we measured the sensitivity and specificity of available linkage algorithm identifiers (eg, insurance identification numbers and phone numbers) and validated this tool/algorithm through a manual chart audit. Results Of all the children, 52.4% (262/500) were male, and the mean age of the cohort was 8 years old (SD 5). Of the children, 51.6% (258/500) were identified as white in race. The identifiers used for FAIR were available for the majority of patients: insurance number (483/500, 96.6%), phone number (500/500, 100%), and address (497/500, 99.4%). When utilizing the FAIR tool and various combinations of identifiers, sensitivity ranged from 15.5% (62/401) to 83.8% (336/401), and specificity from 72% (71/99) to 100% (99/99). The preferred method was matching patients using insurance or phone number, which had a sensitivity of 72.1% (289/401) and a specificity of 94% (93/99). Using the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) warehouse infrastructure, we have now developed a Web app that facilitates FAIR for any index population. Conclusions FAIR is a valuable research and clinical resource that extends the capabilities of existing data warehouses and lays the groundwork for family-based research. FAIR will expedite studies that would otherwise require registry or manual chart abstraction data sources. PMID:25803561

Abnormal emotion processing, but intact fairness and intentionality considerations during social decision-making in schizophrenia.

PubMed

de la Asuncion, Javier; Docx, Lise; Sabbe, Bernard; Morrens, Manuel; de Bruijn, Ellen R A

2015-01-01

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is highly characterized by social cognitive impairments. Most studies investigating these impairments focus on one specific social domain such as emotion recognition. However, in daily life, processing complex social situations relies on the combination of several social cognitive and affective processes simultaneously rather than one process alone. A modified version of the economically based Ultimatum Game was used to measure the interplay between fairness, intentionality, and emotion considerations during social decision-making. In this task, participants accept or reject fair and unfair monetary offers proposed intentionally or unintentionally by either angry, happy, neutral, or sad proposers. Behavioral data was collected from a group of schizophrenia patients (N = 35) and a group of healthy individuals (N = 30). Like healthy participants, schizophrenia patients differentiated between fair and unfair offers by rejecting unfair offers more compared to fair offers. However, overall patients did reject more fair offers, indicating that their construct of fairness operates within different margins. In both groups, intentional unfair offers were rejected more compared to unintentional ones, indicating a normal integration of intentionality considerations in schizophrenia. Importantly, healthy subjects also differentiated between proposers' emotion when rejecting unfair offers (more rejections from proposers depicting angry faces compared to proposers depicting, happy, neutral, or sad faces). Schizophrenia patients' decision behavior on the other hand, was not affected by the proposers' emotions. The current study thus shows that schizophrenia patients have specific problems with processing and integrating emotional information. Importantly, the finding that patients display normal fairness and intentionality considerations emphasizes preservation of central social cognitive processes in schizophrenia.

Counterfactual comparison modulates fairness consideration in the mini-ultimatum game: an event-related potentials study.

PubMed

Liang, Jiafeng; Lin, Huiyan; Xiang, Jing; Wu, Hao; Li, Xu; Liang, Hongyu; Zheng, Xue

2015-04-01

Existing literature on the mini-ultimatum game indicates that counterfactual comparison between chosen and unchosen alternatives is of great importance for individual's fairness consideration. However, it is still unclear how counterfactual comparison influences the electrophysiological responses to unfair chosen offers. In conjunction with event-related potentials' (ERPs) technique, the current study aimed to explore the issue by employing a modified version of the mini-ultimatum game where a fixed set of two alternatives (unfair offer vs. fair alternative, unfair vs. hyperfair alternative, unfair offer vs. hyperunfair alternative) was presented before the chosen offer. The behavioral results showed that participants were more likely to accept unfair chosen offers when the unchosen alternative was hyperunfair than when the unchosen alternative was fair or hyperfair. The ERPs results showed that the feedback-related negativity (FRN) elicited by unfair chosen offers was insensitive to the type of unchosen alternative when correcting for possible overlap with other components. In contrast, unfair chosen offers elicited larger P300 amplitudes when the unchosen alternative was hyperunfair than when the unchosen alternative was fair or hyperfair. These findings suggest that counterfactual comparison may take effect at later stages of fairness consideration as reflected by the P300. © 2015 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effective Faculty Evaluation at the Teaching-Centered University: Building a Fair and Authentic Portfolio of Faculty Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lakin, Amy L.

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the most fair, authentic, and reliable elements to include in a portfolio of faculty work, specifically at teaching-centered institutions. Design/methodology/approach: This paper examines and evaluates relevant literature pertaining to faculty portfolios of work and recommends portfolio formats…

29 CFR 531.7 - Request for review of tip credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Request for review of tip credit. 531.7 Section 531.7 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR REGULATIONS WAGE PAYMENTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938 Determinations of âReasonable Costâ and âFair Valueâ...

Perceived Relationship, Sex-Role Orientation, and Gender Differences in Reward Allocation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowden, Maryanne; Zanna, Mark P.

Lerner has proposed an equity model used in the determination of fair allocations which suggests that if two individuals are perceived as being similar to and in a positive relationship with each other, there are two possible rules that give fair allocation of rewards. If individuals see each other as occupants of positions the characteristics of…

Transactional, Transformational, or Laissez-Faire Leadership: An Assessment of College of Agriculture Academic Program Leaders' (Deans) Leadership Styles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, David; Rudd, Rick

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine if academic program leaders in colleges of agriculture at land-grant institutions use transactional, transformational, and/or laissez-faire leadership styles in performing their duties. Academic program leaders were defined as individuals listed by the National Association of State University and…

26 CFR 1.368-3 - Records to be kept and information to be filed with returns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... such parties; (2) The date of the reorganization; (3) The aggregate fair market value and basis, determined immediately before the exchange, of the assets, stock or securities of the target corporation... all of the parties to the reorganization; (2) The date of the reorganization; and (3) The fair market...

Promoting Educational Equity through School Libraries. Module 4: Sex-Fair Resources for School Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nilsen, Alleen Pace; Tyler, Karen Beyard

The school librarian or media specialist who wishes to promote educational equity through the selection of sex-fair materials is offered guidance in determining the suitability of reference sources in this fourth learning module of a continuing education program. The inadequacies of traditional resources are examined in three categories--omissions…

How well does a single question about health predict the financial health of Medicare managed care plans?

PubMed

Bierman, A S; Bubolz, T A; Fisher, E S; Wasson, J H

1999-01-01

Responses to simple questions that predict subsequent health care utilization are of interest to both capitated health plans and the payer. To determine how responses to a single question about general health status predict subsequent health care expenditures. Participants in the 1992 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey were asked the following question: "In general, compared to other people your age, would you say your health is: excellent, very good, good, fair or poor?" To obtain each participant's total Medicare expenditures and number of hospitalizations in the ensuing year, we linked the responses to this question with data from the 1993 Medicare Continuous History Survey. Nationally representative sample of 8775 noninstitutionalized Medicare beneficiaries 65 years of age and older. Annual age- and sex-adjusted Medicare expenditures and hospitalization rates. Eighteen percent of the beneficiaries rated their health as excellent, 56% rated it as very good or good, 17% rated it as fair, and 7% rated it as poor. Medicare expenditures had a marked inverse relation to self-assessed health ratings. In the year after assessment, age- and sex-adjusted annual expenditures varied fivefold, from $8743 for beneficiaries rating their health as poor to $1656 for beneficiaries rating their health as excellent. Hospitalization rates followed the same pattern: Respondents who rated their health as poor had 675 hospitalizations per 1000 beneficiaries per year compared with 136 per 1000 for those rating their health as excellent. The response to a single question about general health status strongly predicts subsequent health care utilization. Self-reports of fair or poor health identify a group of high-risk patients who may benefit from targeted interventions. Because the current Medicare capitation formula does not account for health status, health plans can maximize profits by disproportionately enrolling beneficiaries who judge their health to be good. However, they are at a competitive disadvantage if they enroll beneficiaries who view themselves as sick.

Impacts of Launch Vehicle Fairing Size on Human Exploration Architectures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jefferies, Sharon; Collins, Tim; Dwyer Cianciolo, Alicia; Polsgrove, Tara

2017-01-01

Human missions to Mars, particularly to the Martian surface, are grand endeavors that place extensive demands on ground infrastructure, launch capabilities, and mission systems. The interplay of capabilities and limitations among these areas can have significant impacts on the costs and ability to conduct Mars missions and campaigns. From a mission and campaign perspective, decisions that affect element designs, including those based on launch vehicle and ground considerations, can create effects that ripple through all phases of the mission and have significant impact on the overall campaign. These effects result in impacts to element designs and performance, launch and surface manifesting, and mission operations. In current Evolvable Mars Campaign concepts, the NASA Space Launch System (SLS) is the primary launch vehicle for delivering crew and payloads to cis-lunar space. SLS is currently developing an 8.4m diameter cargo fairing, with a planned upgrade to a 10m diameter fairing in the future. Fairing diameter is a driving factor that impacts many aspects of system design, vehicle performance, and operational concepts. It creates a ripple effect that influences all aspects of a Mars mission, including: element designs, grounds operations, launch vehicle design, payload packaging on the lander, launch vehicle adapter design to meet structural launch requirements, control and thermal protection during entry and descent at Mars, landing stability, and surface operations. Analyses have been performed in each of these areas to assess and, where possible, quantify the impacts of fairing diameter selection on all aspects of a Mars mission. Several potential impacts of launch fairing diameter selection are identified in each of these areas, along with changes to system designs that result. Solutions for addressing these impacts generally result in increased systems mass and propellant needs, which can further exacerbate packaging and flight challenges. This paper presents the results of the analyses performed, the potential changes to mission architectures and campaigns that result, and the general trends that are more broadly applicable to any element design or mission planning for human exploration.

The pigeon's distant visual acuity as a function of viewing angle.

PubMed

Uhlrich, D J; Blough, P M; Blough, D S

1982-01-01

Distant visual acuity was determined for several viewing angles in two restrained White Carneaux pigeons. The behavioral technique was a classical conditioning procedure that paired presentation of sinusoidal gratings with shock. A conditioned heart rate acceleration during the grating presentation indicated resolution of the grating. The bird's acuity was fairly uniform across a large range of their lateral visual field; performance decreased slightly for posterior stimulus placement and sharply for frontal placements. The data suggest that foveal viewing is relatively less advantageous for acuity in pigeons than in humans. The data are also consistent with the current view that pigeons are myopic in frontal vision.

Grade Assignment by Ki-67 Proliferative Index, Mitotic Count, and Phosphohistone H3 Count in Surgically Resected Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

PubMed

Murphy, Claire E; McCormick, Kinsey A; Shankaran, Veena; Reddi, Deepti M; Swanson, Paul E; Upton, Melissa P; Papanicolau-Sengos, Antonios; Khor, Sara; Westerhoff, Maria

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance in grade assignment for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors using mitotic count (MC), Ki-67 proliferative index (KPI), and phosphohistone H3 count (PHH3C). Resected gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were graded based on MC, KPI, and PHH3C. Concordance was determined using a weighted κ statistic. Median survival across each grade category was determined using Kaplan-Meier methods. Of the 110 patients, the majority had gastrointestinal primaries and grade 1 or 2 tumors. Rates of discordance in grade assignment were 29% of cases for KPI versus MC (κW = 0.26), 32% for PHH3C versus MC (κW = 0.34), and 32% for PHH3C versus KPI (κW = 0.37). There was fair agreement between grading by KPI and MC. Relative to grade by KPI and MC, PHH3C tended to upgrade tumors. The proportion alive at 3 and 5 years was not significantly different for patients with grade 1 versus grade 2 tumors. The concordance between KPI and MC was fair. Phosphohistone H3 count tended to upgrade tumors using the cutoffs established by MC. Grade 1 and grade 2 tumors were associated with similar survival regardless of grading method. The overall relevance of the current cutoff values used in grading neuroendocrine tumors may need to be revisited.

Achieving Fairness in Data Fusion Performance Evaluation Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-30

display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2.REPORT TYPE 13. DATES...for and evaluation (T&E) organization is how to affordably achieve fairness in the application of its PE systems. Our PE framework provides a ...as a fusion system design balances probability of mission success with complexity/cost). The key issue for and evaluation (T&E) organization is how to

Center Director Bridges visits Disability Awareness and Action working Group Technology Fair

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Center Director Roy Bridges (standing, center) poses with members of the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG), which is holding the 1999 Technology Fair Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, 'Opening Doors to Ability.' Some of the vendors participating are Canine Companions for Independence, Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services.

75 FR 62446 - Notice of Intent To Release Certain Properties From All Terms, Conditions, Reservations and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-08

... Avenue and Gun Club Road in Palm Beach County, Florida. The parcel is currently designated as non... airport property and is currently occupied by a hotel. The fair market value of the Gun Club Road parcel...

26 CFR 1.817-3 - Gain on property held on December 31, 1958, and certain substituted property acquired after 1958.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Miscellaneous...) The fair market value of the property on December 31, 1958, exceeds the adjusted basis for determining... section 817(b)(1)) exceeds the difference between fair market value of such property on December 31, 1958...

26 CFR 1.430(g)-1 - Valuation date and valuation of plan assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Valuation date—(1) In general. The determination of the funding target, target normal cost, and value of...—(1) In general—(i) General use of fair market value. Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph (c), the value of plan assets for purposes of section 430 is equal to the fair market value of plan...

26 CFR 1.358-6 - Stock basis in certain triangular reorganizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... corporation on the exchange of property for the assets or stock of a target corporation in a reorganization... percentage of T stock not acquired in the transaction is determined by taking into account the fair market... aggregate basis of $60 and fair market value of $100 and no liabilities. Pursuant to a plan, P forms S with...

Effects of "Fair Play Game" Strategy on Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Physical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Azevedo, Liane B.; Vidoni, Carla; Dinsdale, Sarah

2016-01-01

Less than 50% of a PE lesson is usually spent in MVPA. A dependent-group contingency strategy, "Fair Play Game," has shown effectiveness in increasing MVPA during PE lessons among students from affluent schools. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of this strategy on MVPA among students from an undeserved…

75 FR 41804 - Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Narrow Woven Ribbons with Woven...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-19

... include natural or other non-man-made fibers; be of any color, style, pattern, or weave construction..., jacquard, or a combination of two or more colors, styles, patterns, and/or weave constructions; have been... of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Narrow Woven Ribbons with Woven Selvedge from Taiwan AGENCY: Import...

77 FR 23791 - Notice With Respect to List of Countries Denying Fair Market Opportunities for Government-Funded...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

... Airway Improvement Act of 1982, as amended (49 U.S.C. 50104), the United States Trade Representative (USTR) has determined not to list any countries as denying fair market opportunities for U.S. products...: Section 533 of the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982, as amended by section 115 of the Airport...

76 FR 24082 - Notice With Respect to List of Countries Denying Fair Market Opportunities for Government-Funded...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-29

... Airway Improvement Act of 1982, as amended (49 U.S.C. 50104), the United States Trade Representative (USTR) has determined not to list any countries as denying fair market opportunities for U.S. products...: Section 533 of the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982, as amended by section 115 of the Airport...

78 FR 25337 - Notice With Respect to List of Countries Denying Fair Market Opportunities for Government-Funded...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-30

... Airway Improvement Act of 1982, as amended (49 U.S.C. 50104), the United States Trade Representative (USTR) has determined not to list any countries as denying fair market opportunities for U.S. products... INFORMATION: Section 533 of the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982, as amended by section 115 of the...

Full-Scale Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Drag Characteristics of an HU2K Helicopter Fuselage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scallion, William I.

1963-01-01

An investigation was conducted in the Langley full-scale tunnel to determine the drag characteristics of the HU2K helicopter fuselage. The effects of body shape, engine operation, appendages, and leakage on the model drag were determined. The results of the tests showed that the largest single contribution to the parasite drag was that of the rotor hub installation which produced about 80 percent of the drag of the sealed and faired production body. Fairings on the rotor hub and blade retentions, or a cleaned-up hub and retentions, appeared to be the most effective single modifications tested. The total drag of all protuberances and air leakage also contributed a major part of the drag - an 83-percent increase over the drag of the sealed and faired production body. An additional increment of drag was caused by the basic shape of the fuselage - 19 percent more than the drag obtained when the fuselage shape was extensively refaired. Another sizable increment of drag was caused by the engine oil-cooler exit which gave a drag of 8 percent of that of the sealed and faired production body.

A New TCP Congestion Control Supporting RTT-Fairness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ogura, Kazumine; Nemoto, Yohei; Su, Zhou; Katto, Jiro

This paper focuses on RTT-fairness of multiple TCP flows over the Internet, and proposes a new TCP congestion control named “HRF (Hybrid RTT-Fair)-TCP”. Today, it is a serious problem that the flows having smaller RTT utilize more bandwidth than others when multiple flows having different RTT values compete in the same network. This means that a user with longer RTT may not be able to obtain sufficient bandwidth by the current methods. This RTT fairness issue has been discussed in many TCP papers. An example is CR (Constant Rate) algorithm, which achieves RTT-fairness by multiplying the square of RTT value in its window increment phase against TCP-Reno. However, the method halves its windows size same as TCP-Reno when a packet loss is detected. This makes worse its efficiency in certain network cases. On the other hand, recent proposed TCP versions essentially require throughput efficiency and TCP-friendliness with TCP-Reno. Therefore, we try to keep these advantages in our TCP design in addition to RTT-fairness. In this paper, we make intuitive analytical models in which we separate resource utilization processes into two cases: utilization of bottleneck link capacity and that of buffer space at the bottleneck link router. These models take into account three characteristic algorithms (Reno, Constant Rate, Constant Increase) in window increment phase where a sender receives an acknowledgement successfully. Their validity is proved by both simulations and implementations. From these analyses, we propose HRF-TCP which switches two modes according to observed RTT values and achieves RTT fairness. Experiments are carried out to validate the proposed method. Finally, HRF-TCP outperforms conventional methods in RTT-fairness, efficiency and friendliness with TCP-Reno.

Abnormal emotion processing, but intact fairness and intentionality considerations during social decision-making in schizophrenia

PubMed Central

de la Asuncion, Javier; Docx, Lise; Sabbe, Bernard; Morrens, Manuel; de Bruijn, Ellen R. A.

2015-01-01

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is highly characterized by social cognitive impairments. Most studies investigating these impairments focus on one specific social domain such as emotion recognition. However, in daily life, processing complex social situations relies on the combination of several social cognitive and affective processes simultaneously rather than one process alone. A modified version of the economically based Ultimatum Game was used to measure the interplay between fairness, intentionality, and emotion considerations during social decision-making. In this task, participants accept or reject fair and unfair monetary offers proposed intentionally or unintentionally by either angry, happy, neutral, or sad proposers. Behavioral data was collected from a group of schizophrenia patients (N = 35) and a group of healthy individuals (N = 30). Like healthy participants, schizophrenia patients differentiated between fair and unfair offers by rejecting unfair offers more compared to fair offers. However, overall patients did reject more fair offers, indicating that their construct of fairness operates within different margins. In both groups, intentional unfair offers were rejected more compared to unintentional ones, indicating a normal integration of intentionality considerations in schizophrenia. Importantly, healthy subjects also differentiated between proposers’ emotion when rejecting unfair offers (more rejections from proposers depicting angry faces compared to proposers depicting, happy, neutral, or sad faces). Schizophrenia patients’ decision behavior on the other hand, was not affected by the proposers’ emotions. The current study thus shows that schizophrenia patients have specific problems with processing and integrating emotional information. Importantly, the finding that patients display normal fairness and intentionality considerations emphasizes preservation of central social cognitive processes in schizophrenia. PMID:26257699

Are Leadership Fairness, Psychological Distress, and Role Stressors Interrelated? A Two-Wave Prospective Study of Forward and Reverse Relationships.

PubMed

Nielsen, Morten B; Christensen, Jan O; Finne, Live B; Knardahl, Stein

2018-01-01

While previous research has mainly considered leadership as an antecedent to psychological distress and role stressors (i.e., role ambiguity and role conflict) among subordinates, a reverse relationship where these variables influence reports of leadership is also possible. To determine the directionality of the associations this two-wave prospective study assesses bidirectional relationships between fair leadership and role stressors and examines whether psychological distress mediates the reciprocal associations between fair leadership and the role stressors. Analyses were conducted in a sample of 6,790 Norwegian employees with a 2-year time-lag between measurement points. Fair leadership was associated with lower stability adjusted role ambiguity, but not role conflict, over time. Role conflict, but not role ambiguity, was related to subsequent reports of the immediate leader as less fair. Psychological distress did neither mediate the relationship between fair leadership and subsequent reports of role stressors, nor the association between role stressors and subsequent reports of fair leadership. The findings suggest that the fair leadership - role stressor association is not a one-directional process, but that exposure to role stressors also influence subordinates' perceptions of leadership. An implication of the findings is that theoretical models of organizational leadership should include this reverse impact of role stressors. To reduce the effects of role stressors, organizations could set consistent, clear and attractive goals and provide employees with necessary information for conducting their work tasks in order to help workers understand and master their roles at the workplace.

Achieving health equity: from root causes to fair outcomes.

PubMed

Marmot, Michael

2007-09-29

Health is a universal human aspiration and a basic human need. The development of society, rich or poor, can be judged by the quality of its population's health, how fairly health is distributed across the social spectrum, and the degree of protection provided from disadvantage due to ill-health. Health equity is central to this premise and to the work of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Strengthening health equity--globally and within countries--means going beyond contemporary concentration on the immediate causes of disease. More than any other global health endeavour, the Commission focuses on the "causes of the causes"--the fundamental structures of social hierarchy and the socially determined conditions these create in which people grow, live, work, and age. The time for action is now, not just because better health makes economic sense, but because it is right and just. The outcry against inequity has been intensifying for many years from country to country around the world. These cries are forming a global movement. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health places action to ensure fair health at the head and the heart of that movement.

Fairness overrides reputation: the importance of fairness considerations in altruistic cooperation

PubMed Central

Güney, Şule; Newell, Ben R.

2013-01-01

Behavioral findings in several strategic games indicate that people punish others if they think they are being treated unequally, even at the cost of minimizing their own material payoff. We investigated the primary driving force behind such non-self-regarding behavior, so-called, altruistic cooperation. In all of our studies, a mini ultimatum game was played either one-shot (in Experiment 1a and 1b) or repeatedly (Experiment 2), and rejections of inequitable distribution were taken as a measure of altruistic cooperation. In Experiment 1a, we replicated previous findings indicating that the key mechanism contributing to the emergence of altruistic cooperation is fairness considerations. In Experiment 1b, we delved into the relative importance of two aspects of fairness considerations (i.e., outcome fairness and intentions) and showed that both aspects were effective in determining the level of altruistic cooperation, with the contribution of intentions being more important. In Experiment 2, we investigated the effect of the opportunity for reputation building and future interaction on altruistic cooperation. We found that these factors became influential only when fairness considerations were weakened, particularly, as a result of the removal of the possible intentions behind an offer. PMID:23760110

Fairness Norms and Theory of Mind in an Ultimatum Game: Judgments, Offers, and Decisions in School-Aged Children

PubMed Central

Castelli, Ilaria; Massaro, Davide; Bicchieri, Cristina; Chavez, Alex; Marchetti, Antonella

2014-01-01

The sensitivity to fairness undergoes relevant changes across development. Whether such changes depend on primary inequity aversion or on sensitivity to a social norm of fairness is still debated. Using a modified version of the Ultimatum Game that creates informational asymmetries between Proposer and Responder, a previous study showed that both perceptions of fairness and fair behavior depend upon normative expectations, i.e., beliefs about what others expect one should do in a specific situation. Individuals tend to comply with the norm when risking sanctions, but disregard the norm when violations are undetectable. Using the same methodology with children aged 8–10 years, the present study shows that children's beliefs and behaviors differ from what is observed in adults. Playing as Proposers, children show a self-serving bias only when there is a clear informational asymmetry. Playing as Responders, they show a remarkable discrepancy between their normative judgment about fair procedures (a coin toss to determine the offer) and their behavior (rejection of an unfair offer derived from the coin toss), supporting the existence of an outcome bias effect. Finally, our results reveal no influence of theory of mind on children's decision-making behavior. PMID:25118863

Center Director Bridges visits Disability Awareness and Action working Group Technology Fair

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Center Director Roy Bridges stops at the Stewart Eye Institute table at the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG) 1999 Technology Fair being held Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. Behind Bridges is Sterling Walker, director of Engineering Development at KSC and chairman of DAAWG. At the near right are George and Marian Hall, who are with the Institute. At the left is Nancie Strott, a multi-media specialist with Dynacs and chairperson of the Fair. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, 'Opening Doors to Ability.' Some of the vendors participating are Canine Companions for Independence, Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services.

Center Director Bridges visits Disability Awareness and Action working Group Technology Fair

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Center Director Roy Bridges stops to talk to one of the vendors at the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG) Technology Fair being held Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. With him at the far left is Sterling Walker, director of Engineering Development at KSC and chairman of DAAWG, and Nancie Strott, a multi-media specialist with Dynacs and chairperson of the Fair; at the right is Carol Cavanaugh, with KSC Public Services. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, 'Opening Doors to Ability.' Some of the vendors participating are Canine Companions for Independence, Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services.

Structural Optimisation Of Payload Fairings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santschi, Y.; Eaton, N.; Verheyden, S.; Michaud, V.

2012-07-01

RUAG Space are developing materials and processing technologies for manufacture of the Next Generation Launcher (NGL) payload fairing, together with the Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Technology at the EPFL, in a project running under the ESA Future Launchers Preparatory Program (FLPP). In this paper the general aims and scope of the project are described, details of the results obtained shall be presented at a later stage. RUAG Space design, develop and manufacture fairings for the European launch vehicles Ariane 5 and VEGA using well proven composite materials and production methods which provide adequate cost/performance ratio for these applications. However, the NGL shall make full use of innovations in materials and process technologies to achieve a gain in performance at a much reduced overall manufacturing cost. NGL is scheduled to become operational in 2025, with actual development beginning in 2014. In this current project the basic technology is being developed and validated, in readiness for application in the NGL. For this new application, an entirely new approach to the fairing manufacture is evaluated.

Center Director Bridges visits Disability Awareness and Action working Group Technology Fair

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Center Director Roy Bridges stops to pet one of the dogs that serves with Canine Companions for Independence, a vendor displaying its capabilities at the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG) 1999 Technology Fair being held Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. Standing at the right is Carol Cavanaugh, with KSC Public Services; behind Bridges is Nancie Strott (left), a multi-media specialist with Dynacs and chairperson of the Fair, and Sterling Walker (right), director of Engineering Development and chairman of DAAWG. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, 'Opening Doors to Ability.' Some of the other vendors participating are Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services.

Hadron Physics with Antiprotons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wiedner, Ulrich

2005-10-26

The new FAIR facility which comes into operation at GSI in the upcoming years has a dedicated program of utilizing antiprotons for hadron physics. In particular, the planned PANDA experiment belongs to the group of core experiments at the new FAIR facility in Darmstadt/Germany. PANDA will be a universal detector to study the strong interaction by utilizing the annihilation process of antiprotons with protons and nuclear matter. The current paper gives an introduction into the hadron physics with antiprotons and part of the planned physics program with PANDA.

The Society-Deciders Model and Fairness in Nations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flomenbom, Ophir

2015-05-01

Modeling the dynamics in nations from economical and sociological perspectives is a central theme in economics and sociology. Accurate models can predict and therefore help all the world's citizens. Yet, recent years have show that the current models are missing. Here, we develop a dynamical society-deciders model that can explain the stability in a nation, based on concepts from dynamics, ecology and socio-econo-physics; a nation has two groups that interconnect, the deciders and the society. We show that a nation is either stable or it collapses. This depends on just two coefficients that we relate with sociological and economical indicators. We define a new socio-economic indicator, fairness. Fairness can measure the stability in a nation and how probable a change favoring the society is. We compute fairness among all the world's nations. Interestingly, in comparison with other indicators, fairness shows that the USA loses its rank among Western democracies, India is the best among the 15 most populated nations, and Egypt, Libya and Tunisia have significantly improved their rankings as a result of recent revolutions, further increasing the probability of additional positive changes. Within the model, long lasting crises are solved rather than with increasing governmental spending or cuts with regulations that reduce the stability of the deciders, namely, increasing fairness, while, for example, shifting wealth in the direction of the people, and therefore increasing further opportunities.

Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

PubMed

Grossman, David C; Curry, Susan J; Owens, Douglas K; Barry, Michael J; Caughey, Aaron B; Davidson, Karina W; Doubeni, Chyke A; Epling, John W; Kemper, Alex R; Krist, Alex H; Kubik, Martha; Landefeld, Seth; Mangione, Carol M; Silverstein, Michael; Simon, Melissa A; Tseng, Chien-Wen

2018-03-20

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. Although invasive melanoma accounts for only 2% of all skin cancer cases, it is responsible for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Basal and squamous cell carcinoma, the 2 predominant types of nonmelanoma skin cancer, represent the vast majority of skin cancer cases. To update the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on behavioral counseling for the primary prevention of skin cancer and the 2009 recommendation on screening for skin cancer with skin self-examination. The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on whether counseling patients about sun protection reduces intermediate outcomes (eg, sunburn or precursor skin lesions) or skin cancer; the link between counseling and behavior change, the link between behavior change and skin cancer incidence, and the harms of counseling or changes in sun protection behavior; and the link between counseling patients to perform skin self-examination and skin cancer outcomes, as well as the harms of skin self-examination. The USPSTF determined that behavioral counseling interventions are of moderate benefit in increasing sun protection behaviors in children, adolescents, and young adults with fair skin types. The USPSTF found adequate evidence that behavioral counseling interventions result in a small increase in sun protection behaviors in adults older than 24 years with fair skin types. The USPSTF found inadequate evidence on the benefits and harms of counseling adults about skin self-examination to prevent skin cancer. The USPSTF recommends counseling young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children about minimizing exposure to UV radiation for persons aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types to reduce their risk of skin cancer. (B recommendation) The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer counseling to adults older than 24 years with fair skin types about minimizing their exposure to UV radiation to reduce risk of skin cancer. Existing evidence indicates that the net benefit of counseling all adults older than 24 years is small. In determining whether this service is appropriate in individual cases, patients and clinicians should consider the presence of risk factors for skin cancer. (C recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of counseling adults about skin self-examination to prevent skin cancer. (I statement).

A model of determining a fair market value for teaching residents: who profits?

PubMed

Cullen, Edward J; Lawless, Stephen T; Hertzog, James H; Penfil, Scott; Bradford, Kathleen K; Nadkarni, Vinay M; Corddry, David H; Costarino, Andrew T

2003-07-01

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Health Resources and Services Administration Children's Hospitals Graduate Medical Education (GME) Payment Program now supports freestanding children's teaching hospitals. To analyze the fair market value impact of GME payment on resident teaching efforts in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Cost-accounting model, developed from a 1-year retrospective, descriptive, single-institution, longitudinal study, applied to physician teachers, residents, and CMS. Sixteen-bed PICU in a freestanding, university-affiliated children's teaching hospital. Pediatric critical care physicians, second-year residents. Cost of physician opportunity time; CMS investment return; the teaching physicians' investment return; residents' investment return; service balance between CMS and teaching service investment margins; economic balance points; fair market value. GME payments to our hospital increased 4.8-fold from 577 886 dollars to 2 772 606 dollars during a 1-year period. Critical care physicians' teaching opportunity cost rose from 250 097 dollars to 262 215 dollars to provide 1523 educational hours (6853 relative value units). Residents' net financial value for service provided to the PICU rose from 245 964 dollars to 317 299 dollars. There is an uneven return on investment in resident education for CMS, critical care physicians, and residents. Economic balance points are achievable for the present educational efforts of the CMS, critical care physicians, and residents if the present direct medical education payment increases from 29.38% to 36%. The current CMS Health Resources and Services Administration Children's Hospitals GME Payment Program produces uneven investment returns for CMS, critical care physicians, and residents. We propose a cost-accounting model, based on perceived production capability measured in relative value units and available GME funds, that would allow a clinical service to balance and obtain a fair market value for the resident education efforts of CMS, physician teachers, and residents.

The Defense Logistics Agency Properly Awarded Power Purchase Agreements and the Army Obtained Fair Market Value for Leases Supporting Power Purchase Agreements

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-28

Fair Market Value for Leases Supporting Power Purchase Agreements I N T E G R I T Y  E F F I C I E N C Y  A C C O U N T A B I L I T Y  E X... Market Value for Leases Supporting Power Purchase Agreements Visit us at www.dodig.mil September 28, 2016 Objective We determined whether the...Department of the Army properly awarded and obtained fair market value for leases supporting energy production projects. We conducted this audit in

Sun sensitivity and sun protective behaviors during sun exposure among indoor office workers in the American Midwest.

PubMed

Jung, Alesia M; Dennis, Leslie K; Jacobs, Elizabeth T; Wondrak, Georg T

2018-06-11

Sun sensitivity, a confounder between sun exposure and sun protection, is often overlooked. We examined how sun exposure and sun protection behaviors among indoor workers varied by sun sensitivity. Sun exposure and sun protection diaries over a 45-day period from Midwestern United States indoor workers were examined. We categorized sun sensitivity (fair and non-fair complexion) using tanning inability and sunburn tendency. Total exposure (sunrise to sunset) and peak exposure (10 am and 4 pm) lasting at least 60 minutes were examined. Percentages of time using sun protection were reported. We determined associations between fair complexion, mean sun exposure and mean sun protection times with logistic regression. Fair individuals spent less time in the sun than non-fair individuals, but a greater proportion of time using sun protection behaviors, including sunscreen with SPF 30+ (odds ratio (OR)=1.36; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) =0.98, 1.87)), or wearing long-sleeved shirts (OR=2.89; 95% CI=1.24, 6.73). Fair individuals spent less time in the sun and practiced more sun protective behaviors than non-fair individuals. This complex association between sun sensitivity, sun protection and sun exposure has not consistently been addressed in studies of skin cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

50 CFR 29.21-7 - What payment do we require for use and occupancy of national wildlife refuge lands?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... regulations of this subpart will be required and will be for fair market value as determined by appraisal by... payment or an annual fair market rental payment, to be made in advance. If any Federal, State or local... limited to, making other land available or the loan of equipment or personnel, except that any such...

50 CFR 29.21-7 - What payment do we require for use and occupancy of national wildlife refuge lands?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... regulations of this subpart will be required and will be for fair market value as determined by appraisal by... payment or an annual fair market rental payment, to be made in advance. If any Federal, State or local... limited to, making other land available or the loan of equipment or personnel, except that any such...

50 CFR 29.21-7 - What payment do we require for use and occupancy of national wildlife refuge lands?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... regulations of this subpart will be required and will be for fair market value as determined by appraisal by... payment or an annual fair market rental payment, to be made in advance. If any Federal, State or local... limited to, making other land available or the loan of equipment or personnel, except that any such...

50 CFR 29.21-7 - What payment do we require for use and occupancy of national wildlife refuge lands?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... regulations of this subpart will be required and will be for fair market value as determined by appraisal by... payment or an annual fair market rental payment, to be made in advance. If any Federal, State or local... limited to, making other land available or the loan of equipment or personnel, except that any such...

50 CFR 29.21-7 - What payment do we require for use and occupancy of national wildlife refuge lands?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... regulations of this subpart will be required and will be for fair market value as determined by appraisal by... payment or an annual fair market rental payment, to be made in advance. If any Federal, State or local... limited to, making other land available or the loan of equipment or personnel, except that any such...

78 FR 70918 - Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Silica Bricks and Shapes From the People's...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... Brokerage and Handling Use of Partial Adverse Facts Available for Unreported U.S. Sales Value Added Tax... Comment 8: Value Added Tax [FR Doc. 2013-28551 Filed 11-26-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510-DS-P ... at Less Than Fair Value: Silica Bricks and Shapes From the People's Republic of China AGENCY...

Technology and Rights

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petrina, Stephen; Volk, Kenneth; Kim, Soowook

2004-01-01

What do we know about technology and rights? This article provides a fairly comprehensive overview of current issues regarding this topic. We explore and analyse a wide spectrum of rights that are challenged in this current era of technological convergence. We use the United States Bill of Rights as an example of the vulnerability of legal…

Special Educator Evaluation: Cautions, Concerns and Considerations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Semmelroth, Carrie L.; Johnson, Evelyn s.; Allred, Keith W.

2013-01-01

There is currently little consensus on how special education teachers should be evaluated in a way that is effective, fair and responsive to their unique teaching responsibilities. In this paper, we explain several of the current approaches to teacher evaluation under consideration, and then provide an overview of the challenges associated with…

Evidence for the efficacy and safety of topical herbal drugs in dermatology: Part I: Anti-inflammatory agents.

PubMed

Hörmann, H P; Korting, H C

1994-09-01

Topical herbal drugs have for centuries been used for treating skin ailments. Although they are currently widely accepted by patients, their scientific esteem among dermatologists in particular is limited. A variety of herbal drugs for topical application deserves consideration regarding their widespread use or their still ill-defined potential with respect to their benefit/risk ratio. Clinically, camomile (Chamomilla recutita) and hamamelis preparations look particularly well documented. While the final proof of efficacy in common dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis is still lacking, there is fairly ample evidence for their activity against cutaneous inflammation in man, as may be deduced from experiments with normal volunteers. With Hamamelis virginiana this looks paricularly promising, as unwanted effects related to the drug are virtually absent. With camomile preparations the degree of safety seems to depend largely on the plant used. Some herbal drugs clearly need further analysis until their value can be determined. This includes the frequently-used aloe preparations. This is the more remarkable as huge numbers of in vitro studies are available. Arnica is fairly unique in so far as the lack of proof of efficacy strongly contrasts to its sensitization potential. So far, in particular dermatitis and related disorders can be considered potential indications for topical herbal antiinflammatory drugs. Studies in psoriasis vulgaris should also be performed addressing long-term application. In this context such fairly ill-defined drugs as Mahonia deserve attention. Copyright © 1994 Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart · Jena · New York. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.

Are Leadership Fairness, Psychological Distress, and Role Stressors Interrelated? A Two-Wave Prospective Study of Forward and Reverse Relationships

PubMed Central

Nielsen, Morten B.; Christensen, Jan O.; Finne, Live B.; Knardahl, Stein

2018-01-01

While previous research has mainly considered leadership as an antecedent to psychological distress and role stressors (i.e., role ambiguity and role conflict) among subordinates, a reverse relationship where these variables influence reports of leadership is also possible. To determine the directionality of the associations this two-wave prospective study assesses bidirectional relationships between fair leadership and role stressors and examines whether psychological distress mediates the reciprocal associations between fair leadership and the role stressors. Analyses were conducted in a sample of 6,790 Norwegian employees with a 2-year time-lag between measurement points. Fair leadership was associated with lower stability adjusted role ambiguity, but not role conflict, over time. Role conflict, but not role ambiguity, was related to subsequent reports of the immediate leader as less fair. Psychological distress did neither mediate the relationship between fair leadership and subsequent reports of role stressors, nor the association between role stressors and subsequent reports of fair leadership. The findings suggest that the fair leadership – role stressor association is not a one-directional process, but that exposure to role stressors also influence subordinates’ perceptions of leadership. An implication of the findings is that theoretical models of organizational leadership should include this reverse impact of role stressors. To reduce the effects of role stressors, organizations could set consistent, clear and attractive goals and provide employees with necessary information for conducting their work tasks in order to help workers understand and master their roles at the workplace. PMID:29467702

The Validity and Responsiveness of Isometric Lower Body Multi-Joint Tests of Muscular Strength: a Systematic Review.

PubMed

Drake, David; Kennedy, Rodney; Wallace, Eric

2017-12-01

Researchers and practitioners working in sports medicine and science require valid tests to determine the effectiveness of interventions and enhance understanding of mechanisms underpinning adaptation. Such decision making is influenced by the supportive evidence describing the validity of tests within current research. The objective of this study is to review the validity of lower body isometric multi-joint tests ability to assess muscular strength and determine the current level of supporting evidence. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in a systematic fashion to search, assess and synthesize existing literature on this topic. Electronic databases such as Web of Science, CINAHL and PubMed were searched up to 18 March 2015. Potential inclusions were screened against eligibility criteria relating to types of test, measurement instrument, properties of validity assessed and population group and were required to be published in English. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to assess methodological quality and measurement property rating of included studies. Studies rated as fair or better in methodological quality were included in the best evidence synthesis. Fifty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria for quality appraisal. The ten studies that rated fair or better in methodological quality were included in the best evidence synthesis. The most frequently investigated lower body isometric multi-joint tests for validity were the isometric mid-thigh pull and isometric squat. The validity of each of these tests was strong in terms of reliability and construct validity. The evidence for responsiveness of tests was found to be moderate for the isometric squat test and unknown for the isometric mid-thigh pull. No tests using the isometric leg press met the criteria for inclusion in the best evidence synthesis. Researchers and practitioners can use the isometric squat and isometric mid-thigh pull with confidence in terms of reliability and construct validity. Further work to investigate other validity components such as criterion validity, smallest detectable change and responsiveness to resistance exercise interventions may be beneficial to the current level of evidence.

The atmospheric electric global circuit. [thunderstorm activity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kasemir, H. W.

1979-01-01

The hypothesis that world thunderstorm activity represents the generator for the atmospheric electric current flow in the earth atmosphere between ground and the ionosphere is based on a close correlation between the magnitude and the diurnal variation of the supply current (thunderstorm generator current) and the load current (fair weather air-earth current density integrated over the earth surface). The advantages of using lightning survey satellites to furnish a base for accepting or rejecting the thunderstorm generator hypothesis are discussed.

The Air Force Officer Qualifying Test: Validity, Fairness, and Bias

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

scores. The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (AERA, APA, and NCME, 1999) provides a set of guidelines published and endorsed by the...determining the validity and bias of selection tests falls upon professionals in the discipline of industrial/organizational psychology 20 See Roper v. Dep’t...i). 30 The Air Force Officer Qualifying Test : Validity, Fairness, and Bias and closely related fields (e.g., educational psychology and

26 CFR 1.707-6 - Disguised sales of property by partnership to partner; general rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... transferred property to the partner; by (B) The excess of the fair market value of the property at the time it... property X to A. At the time of the transfer, property X has a fair market value of $1,000,000. One year... similar to those provided in § 1.707-3 apply in determining whether a transfer of property by a...

26 CFR 1.707-6 - Disguised sales of property by partnership to partner; general rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... transferred property to the partner; by (B) The excess of the fair market value of the property at the time it... property X to A. At the time of the transfer, property X has a fair market value of $1,000,000. One year... similar to those provided in § 1.707-3 apply in determining whether a transfer of property by a...

Behavioral and neuronal determinants of negative reciprocity in the ultimatum game

PubMed Central

Hildebrandt, Andrea; Wilhelm, Oliver; Sommer, Werner

2016-01-01

The rejection of unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG) indicates negative reciprocity. The model of strong reciprocity claims that negative reciprocity reflects prosociality because the rejecting individual is sacrificing resources in order to punish unfair behavior. However, a recent study found that the rejection rate of unfair offers is linked to assertiveness (status defense model). To pursue the question what drives negative reciprocity, the present study investigated individual differences in the rejection of unfair offers along with their behavioral and neuronal determinants. We measured fairness preferences and event-related potentials (ERP) in 200 healthy participants playing a computerized version of the UG with pictures of unfair and fair proposers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) on the behavioral data corroborated both the strong reciprocity and the status defense models of human cooperation: Not only more prosocial but also more assertive individuals were more likely to show negative reciprocity by rejecting unfair offers. Experimental ERP results confirmed the feedback negativity (FN) as a neural signature of fairness processing. Multilevel SEM of brain–behavior relationships revealed that negative reciprocity was significantly associated with individual differences in FN amplitudes in response to proposers. Our results confirm stable individual differences in fairness processing at the behavioral and neuronal level. PMID:27261490

Social Determinants of Smoking in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Results from the World Health Survey

PubMed Central

Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza; Parker, Lucy Anne; Tursan d'Espaignet, Edouard; Chatterji, Somnath

2011-01-01

Introduction Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of premature death and disability, and over 80% of the world's smokers live in low- or middle-income countries. The objective of this study is to assess demographic and socioeconomic determinants of current smoking in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We used data, from the World Health Survey in 48 low-income and middle-income countries, to explore the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the current smoking status of respondents. The data from these surveys provided information on 213,807 respondents aged 18 years or above that were divided into 4 pooled datasets according to their sex and country income group. The overall proportion of current smokers, as well as the proportion by each relevant demographic and socioeconomic determinant, was calculated within each of the pooled datasets, and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between current smoking and these determinants. Results The odds of smoking were not equal in all demographic or socioeconomic groups. Some factors were fairly stable across the four datasets studied: for example, individuals were more likely to smoke if they had little or no education, regardless of if they were male or female, or lived in a low or a middle income country. Nevertheless, other factors, notably age and wealth, showed a differential effect on smoking by sex or country income level. While women in the low-income country group were twice as likely to smoke if they were in the lowest wealth quintile compared with the highest, the association was absent in the middle-income country group. Conclusion Information on how smoking is distributed among low- or middle-income countries will allow policy makers to tailor future policies, and target the most vulnerable populations. PMID:21655299

Social determinants of smoking in low- and middle-income countries: results from the World Health Survey.

PubMed

Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza; Parker, Lucy Anne; Tursan d'Espaignet, Edouard; Chatterji, Somnath

2011-01-01

Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of premature death and disability, and over 80% of the world's smokers live in low- or middle-income countries. The objective of this study is to assess demographic and socioeconomic determinants of current smoking in low- and middle-income countries. We used data, from the World Health Survey in 48 low-income and middle-income countries, to explore the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the current smoking status of respondents. The data from these surveys provided information on 213,807 respondents aged 18 years or above that were divided into 4 pooled datasets according to their sex and country income group. The overall proportion of current smokers, as well as the proportion by each relevant demographic and socioeconomic determinant, was calculated within each of the pooled datasets, and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between current smoking and these determinants. The odds of smoking were not equal in all demographic or socioeconomic groups. Some factors were fairly stable across the four datasets studied: for example, individuals were more likely to smoke if they had little or no education, regardless of if they were male or female, or lived in a low or a middle income country. Nevertheless, other factors, notably age and wealth, showed a differential effect on smoking by sex or country income level. While women in the low-income country group were twice as likely to smoke if they were in the lowest wealth quintile compared with the highest, the association was absent in the middle-income country group. Information on how smoking is distributed among low- or middle-income countries will allow policy makers to tailor future policies, and target the most vulnerable populations.

Modification of electrical properties of Au/n-type InP Schottky diode with a high-k Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 interlayer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thapaswini, P. Prabhu; Padma, R.; Balaram, N.; Bindu, B.; Rajagopal Reddy, V.

2016-05-01

Au/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST)/n-InP metal/insulator/semiconductor (MIS) Schottky diodes have been analyzed by current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The surface morphology of the BST films on InP is fairly smooth. The Au/BST/n-InP MIS Schottky diode shows better rectification ratio and low leakage current compared to the conventional Au/n-InP metal-semiconductor (MS) Schottky diode. Higher barrier height is achieved for the MIS Schottky diode compared to the MS Schottky diode. The Norde and Cheung's methods are employed to determine the barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance. The interface state density (NSS) is determined from the forward bias I-V data for both the MS and MIS Schottky diodes. Results reveal that the NSS of the MIS Schottky diode is lower than that of the MS Schottky diode. The Poole-Frenkel emission is found dominating the reverse current in both Au/n-InP MS and Au/BST/n-InP MIS Schottky diodes, indicating the presence of structural defects and trap levels in the dielectric film.

Market survey on traditional medicine of the third month fair in Dali Prefecture in Yunnan Province, South West China.

PubMed

Zhang, Dequan; Duan, Lizhen; Zhou, Nong

2014-01-01

The Third Month Fair in Dali is a historical festival and fair. The market of traditional medicine (TM) is one of the main parts in the fair, which has important influence on local and peripheral people. In this study, approaches of ethnobotany, pharmacognosy, and participatory rural appraisal were used in market survey. Twenty-six druggists were selected randomly as informants and their TMs were recorded. As a result, 427 TMs were recorded including 362 plant medicines, 33 animal medicines, 13 mineral medicines and 19 unidentified medicines. Xinyi, Shanza and Gancao were the most popular medicines due to their popular usages, whereas Sanqi, Tianma and Renshen were relatively fewer in this investigation probably owing to high price and limited output. The plant medicines were from medicinal plants of 117 families belonged to Angiosperm, Gymnospermae, Pteridophyta, Bryophyta, Lichenes and Fungi. Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Fabaceae provided the maximum numbers of TMs successively. Moreover, these TMs were mainly from the cultivated especially familiar TMs, which reflected significant progress in utilization and conservation of medicinal resource in China. Medicinal market in the Third Month Fair is the most important traditional bazaar in Yunnan province. This study systematically surveyed TMs in the fair for the first time, analyzing and revealing resource compositions and current market situations. These newly gathered data provided precious information for development of medicine cultivation, resource protection and market management as well as further pharmacognostical, pharmacological and clinical researches.

Development of an instrument to measure student attitudes toward science fairs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huddleston, Claudia A.

Science fairs are woven into the very fabric of science instruction in the United States and in other countries. Even though thousands of students participate in science fairs every year, no instrument to measure student attitudes toward partaking in this hands-on learning experience has been fully developed and available for school administrators and teachers to assess the perceived value that current students attribute to participation in science fairs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to continue the development and refinement of an instrument that measured student attitudes towards science fairs based on an unpublished instrument created by Michael (2005). The instrument developed and tested using 110 students at two different middle schools in southwest Virginia. The instrument consisted of 45 questions. After applying a principal component factor analysis, the instrument was reduced to two domains, enjoyment and value. The internal consistency of the instrument was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and showed good internal consistency of .89 between the two domains. Further analysis was conducted using a Pearson product-moment test and showed a significant positive correlation between enjoyment and value (r = .78). Demographic information was explored concerning the domains using a series of statistical tests, and results revealed no significant differences among race and science fair category. However, a significant difference was found among gender and students who won awards and those who did not. The conclusion was that further development and refinement of the instrument should be conducted.

Enhanced Fair-Weather Electric Fields Soon After Sunrise

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshall, T. C.; Rust, W. D.; Stolzenburg, M.; Roeder, W.; Krehbiel, P. R.

1999-01-01

The typical fair weather electric field at the ground is between -100 and -300 V/m. At the NASA Kennedy Space Center and US Air Force Cape Canaveral Air Station (KSC) the electric field at the ground sometimes reaches -400 to -1200 V/m within an hour or two after sunrise on days that otherwise seem to be fair weather. We refer to the enhanced negative electric fields as the "sunrise enhancement." To investigate the sunrise enhancement at KSC we measured the electric field (E) in the first few hundred meters above the ground before and during several sunrise enhancements. From these E soundings we can infer the presence of charge layers and determine their thickness and charge density.

Contribution of psychological, social, and mechanical work exposures to low work ability: a prospective study.

PubMed

Emberland, Jan S; Knardahl, Stein

2015-03-01

To determine the contribution of specific psychological, social, and mechanical work exposures to the self-reported low level of work ability. Employees from 48 organizations were surveyed over a 2-year period (n = 3779). Changes in 16 work exposures and 3 work ability measures-the work ability index score, perceived current, and future work ability-were tested with Spearman rank correlations. Binary logistic regressions were run to determine contribution of work exposures to low work ability. Role conflict, human resource primacy, and positive challenge were the most consistent predictors of low work ability across test designs. Role clarity and fair leadership were less consistent but prominent predictors. Mechanical exposures were not predictive. To protect employee work ability, work place interventions would benefit from focusing on reducing role conflicts and on promoting positive challenges and human resource primacy.

Contribution of Psychological, Social, and Mechanical Work Exposures to Low Work Ability

PubMed Central

Knardahl, Stein

2015-01-01

Objective: To determine the contribution of specific psychological, social, and mechanical work exposures to the self-reported low level of work ability. Methods: Employees from 48 organizations were surveyed over a 2-year period (n = 3779). Changes in 16 work exposures and 3 work ability measures—the work ability index score, perceived current, and future work ability—were tested with Spearman rank correlations. Binary logistic regressions were run to determine contribution of work exposures to low work ability. Results: Role conflict, human resource primacy, and positive challenge were the most consistent predictors of low work ability across test designs. Role clarity and fair leadership were less consistent but prominent predictors. Mechanical exposures were not predictive. Conclusions: To protect employee work ability, work place interventions would benefit from focusing on reducing role conflicts and on promoting positive challenges and human resource primacy. PMID:25470453

Analysis and Quality Assurance of the SKYMAP 4.0 Guidance and Tracking Star Catalog: The NASA SKY2000 Spacecraft Attitude Determination Star Catalog

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warren, Wayne H., Jr.

2001-01-01

An updated and improved NASA spacecraft attitude determination catalog, now called SKY2000, Version 3, has been prepared and quality assured. The highest priority goals were to replace the astrometric (positions and motions) and photometric (brightnesses and colors) data with the most recent and accurate data available. Quality assurance has been performed in a fairly straightforward manner, i.e., without extensive data checking and analysis, and many errors and Inconsistencies were corrected. Additional work should eventually be done on the variability and multiple-star data In the catalog, while certain other data can be significantly Improved. The current version of the catalog can be found at the GSFC Flight Dynamics website: http://cheli.gsfc.nasa.gov/dist/attitude/skymap.html. Supporting information and reference materials (published papers, format and data descriptions, etc.) can also be found at the website.

45 CFR 92.31 - Real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... However, in those situations where a grantee or subgrantee is disposing of real property acquired with... subgrantee's percentage of participation in the purchase of the real property to the current fair market...

28 CFR 66.31 - Real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... However, in those situations where a grantee or subgrantee is disposing of real property acquired with... subgrantee's percentage of participation in the purchase of the real property to the current fair market...

How we became the Schmams: conceptualizations of fairness in the decision-making process for Latina/o children.

PubMed

Langhout, Regina Day; Kohfeldt, Danielle M; Ellison, Erin Rose

2011-12-01

The current study examines 16 Latina/o fifth grade children's desires for a decision-making structure within a youth participatory action research (yPAR) program. When given the choices of consensus, majority rule, authoritarian rule, delegation, and random choice models, children chose random choice. Procedural, distributive and emotional justice were heavily weighted in their reasoning around fairness and decision making. Many thought random choice offered the best alternative because it flattened power hierarchies so that each child would, at some point, have the power to make a decision. Additionally, children argued that the neutrality of random choice allowed them to sidestep interpersonal tensions. Implications include how social identities inform definitions of fairness and how yPAR programs should work with youth around how they will make decisions.

Simultaneous infection of pigs and people with triple-reassortant swine influenza virus H1N1 at a U.S. county fair.

PubMed

Killian, M L; Swenson, S L; Vincent, A L; Landgraf, J G; Shu, B; Lindstrom, S; Xu, X; Klimov, A; Zhang, Y; Bowman, A S

2013-05-01

Influenza-like illness was noted in people and pigs in attendance at an Ohio county fair in August 2007. The morbidity rate in swine approached 100% within 1-2 days of initial clinical signs being recognized, and approximately two dozen people developed influenza-like illness. Triple-reassortant swine H1N1 influenza viruses were identified in both pigs and people at the fair. The identified viruses (A/Sw/OH/511445/2007, A/Ohio/01/2007, and A/Ohio/02/2007) were similar to H1N1 swine influenza viruses currently found in the U.S. swine population. This case illustrates the possibility of transmission of swine influenza in settings where there is close human/swine interaction. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Development of the GPM Observatory Thermal Vacuum Test Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yang, Kan; Peabody, Hume

2012-01-01

A software-based thermal modeling process was documented for generating the thermal panel settings necessary to simulate worst-case on-orbit flight environments in an observatory-level thermal vacuum test setup. The method for creating such a thermal model involved four major steps: (1) determining the major thermal zones for test as indicated by the major dissipating components on the spacecraft, then mapping the major heat flows between these components; (2) finding the flight equivalent sink temperatures for these test thermal zones; (3) determining the thermal test ground support equipment (GSE) design and initial thermal panel settings based on the equivalent sink temperatures; and (4) adjusting the panel settings in the test model to match heat flows and temperatures with the flight model. The observatory test thermal model developed from this process allows quick predictions of the performance of the thermal vacuum test design. In this work, the method described above was applied to the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core observatory spacecraft, a joint project between NASA and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) which is currently being integrated at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for launch in Early 2014. From preliminary results, the thermal test model generated from this process shows that the heat flows and temperatures match fairly well with the flight thermal model, indicating that the test model can simulate fairly accurately the conditions on-orbit. However, further analysis is needed to determine the best test configuration possible to validate the GPM thermal design before the start of environmental testing later this year. Also, while this analysis method has been applied solely to GPM, it should be emphasized that the same process can be applied to any mission to develop an effective test setup and panel settings which accurately simulate on-orbit thermal environments.

The Canadian Urology Fair: a model for minimizing the financial and academic costs of the residency selection process.

PubMed

Grober, Ethan D; Matsumoto, Edward D; Jewett, Michael A S; Chin, Joseph L

2003-12-01

In 1994, the Canadian urology residency training programs designed the "Canadian Urology Fair"--a single-site (Toronto, Ont.), 1-day fair to conduct the personal interview portion of the residency selection process. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the success of the Urology Fair in achieving its original goals of decreasing the financial burden and minimizing time away from medical training for applicants and faculty. Both candidates and Canadian urology training programs were surveyed regarding the financial and academic costs (days absent) of attending the 2001 Urology Fair. Data from the 2001 Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) was used to compare the financial and academic costs of attending personal interviews incurred by candidates declaring urology as their first-choice discipline to candidates interviewing with other surgical specialties throughout Canada. Financial costs incurred by candidates to attend the Urology Fair (mean Can dollar 367) were significantly lower than candidates' estimated costs of attending on-site interviews at the individual programs (mean Can dollar 2065). The financial costs of attending personal interviews by CaRMS applicants declaring urology as their first-choice discipline (mean Can dollar 2002) were significantly lower than the costs incurred by applicants interviewing with other surgical disciplines (mean Can dollar 2744). Financial costs to urology programs attending the fair (mean Can dollar 1931) were not significantly greater than the programs' estimated costs of conducting on-site interviews at their respective program locations (mean Can dollar 1825). Days absent from medical school to attend interviews were significantly lower among CaRMS applicants declaring urology as their first-choice discipline (3 d) compared with applicants who interviewed with other surgical specialties (9.1 d). The Canadian Urology Fair represents an innovative and efficient method for residency programs to conduct the personal interview portion of the residency selection process and should serve as a model for making the interview process less expensive and time-consuming for both candidates and faculty.

26 CFR 1.707-6 - Disguised sales of property by partnership to partner; general rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transferred property to the partner; by (B) The excess of the fair market value of the property at the time it... property X to A. At the time of the transfer, property X has a fair market value of $1,000,000. One year... provided in § 1.707-3 apply in determining whether a transfer of property by a partnership to a partner and...

49 CFR 91.7 - Determination of compensatory charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Determination of compensatory charges. 91.7 Section 91.7 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTATION FAIR COMPETITIVE PRACTICES § 91.7 Determination of compensatory charges. (a) Upon indication by the...

Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of the Yawing, Pitching, and Static Stability Characteristics of a 1/10-Scale Model of the Grumman F9F-9 Airplane, TED No. NACA AD 3109

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolhart, Walter D.; Thomas, David F., Jr.

1955-01-01

An experimental investigation has been made in the Langley stability tunnel to determine the low-speed yawing, pitching, and static stability characteristics of a 1/10-scale model of the Grumman F9F-9 airplane. Tests were made to determine the effects of duct-entrance-fairing plugs on the static lateral and longitudinal stability characteristics of the complete model in the clean condition. The remaining tests were concerned with determining tail contributions as well as the effect of duct-entrance-fairing plugs, slats, flaps, and landing gear on the yawing and pitching stability derivatives. These data are presented without analysis in order to expedite distribution.

Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of the Rolling Stability Derivatives of a 1/10-Scale Model of the Grumman F9F-9 Airplane, TED No. NACA AD 3109

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolhart, Walter D.; Thomas, David F., Jr.

1955-01-01

An experimental investigation has been made in the Langley stability tunnel to determine the low-speed yawing, pitching, and static stability characteristics of a 1/10-scale model of the Grumman F9F-9 airplane. Tests were made to determine the effects of duct-entrance-fairing plugs on the static lateral and longitudinal stability characteristics of the complete model in the clean condition. The remaining tests were concerned with determining tail contributions as well as the effect of duct-entrance-fairing plugs, slats, flaps, and landing gear on the yawing and pitching stability derivatives. These data are presented without analysis in order to expedite distribution.

"People like numbers": a descriptive study of cognitive assessment methods in clinical practice for Aboriginal Australians in the Northern Territory.

PubMed

Dingwall, Kylie M; Pinkerton, Jennifer; Lindeman, Melissa A

2013-01-31

Achieving culturally fair assessments of cognitive functioning for Aboriginal people is difficult due to a scarcity of appropriately validated tools for use with this group. As a result, some Aboriginal people with cognitive impairments may lack fair and equitable access to services. The objective of this study was to examine current clinical practice in the Northern Territory regarding cognitive assessment for Aboriginal people thereby providing some guidance for clinicians new to this practice setting. Qualitative enquiry was used to describe practice context, reasons for assessment, and current practices in assessing cognition for Aboriginal Australians. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 clinicians working with Aboriginal clients in central and northern Australia. Results pertaining to assessment methods are reported. A range of standardised tests were utilised with little consistency across clinical practice. Nevertheless, it was recognised that such tests bear severe limitations, requiring some modification and significant caution in their interpretation. Clinicians relied heavily on informal assessment or observations, contextual information and clinical judgement. Cognitive tests developed specifically for Aboriginal people are urgently needed. In the absence of appropriate, validated tests, clinicians have relied on and modified a range of standardised and informal assessments, whilst recognising the severe limitations of these. Past clinical training has not prepared clinicians adequately for assessing Aboriginal clients, and experience and clinical judgment were considered crucial for fair interpretation of test scores. Interpretation guidelines may assist inexperienced clinicians to consider whether they are achieving fair assessments of cognition for Aboriginal clients.

The future of optometric practice? The results of a survey of optometrists and optometry students.

PubMed

Silverman, Morton W; Woodruff, Chris; Hardigan, Patrick C

2004-10-01

There is an apparent increase in the number of private optometry practices that are closing due to a lack of interested buyers. We examined some of the factors that influence the market for optometry practices in a survey of practicing optometrists and third- and fourth-year optometry students. Optometrists in six states, and students at four schools and colleges of optometry, completed a mailed or faxed survey regarding attitudes toward optometric practice, including fair/reasonable compensation for a new optometrist, the value of optometric practices, and preferred mode of practice on graduation. Doctors and students differed significantly in the amount of money they reported as fair/reasonable compensation for a recently graduated optometrist joining a practice. Comparing students to doctors in specific categories of compensation, students chose a higher fair/reasonable compensation compared to doctors. Students were more likely than doctors to choose >$70,000 as fair/reasonable compensation, while doctors were more likely than students to choose $40,000 to $69,000. Doctors tended to overvalue their practices for the purpose of selling the practice when using percentage of gross income as a valuation method. Students' choices for mode of practice changed dramatically from their ideal when taking their current financial situation into consideration. Students were more likely to choose corporate practice as their preferred practice mode when considering their current financial situation than when not restricted. There are many factors that affect the value and marketability of an optometric practice. In order to sell a practice, the owner must consider the effects of the needs and desires of recently graduated optometrists.

45 CFR 1183.31 - Real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... situations where a grantee or subgrantee is disposing of real property acquired with grant funds and... percentage of participation in the purchase of the real property to the current fair market value of the...

45 CFR 1174.31 - Real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... situations where a grantee or subgrantee is disposing of real property acquired with grant funds and... percentage of participation in the purchase of the real property to the current fair market value of the...

45 CFR 1157.31 - Real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... situations where a grantee or subgrantee is disposing of real property acquired with grant funds and... percentage of participation in the purchase of the real property to the current fair market value of the...

34 CFR 80.31 - Real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... situations where a grantee or subgrantee is disposing of real property acquired with grant funds and... percentage of participation in the purchase of the real property to the current fair market value of the...

45 CFR 602.31 - Real property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... situations where a grantee or subgrantee is disposing of real property acquired with grant funds and... percentage of participation in the purchase of the real property to the current fair market value of the...

The magnitude of khat use and its association with health, nutrition and socio-economic status.

PubMed

Belew, M; Kebede, D; Kassaye, M; Enquoselassie, F

2000-01-01

Although the literature on khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is fairly extensive, and several authors have stated the potential adverse effects of habitual use of khat on mental, physical and social well-being, very few population based studies exist to substantiate those statements in Ethiopia. A house-to-house survey of a representative sample of 1200 adults from a rural Ethiopian community was conducted from January to September of 1997 to determine the prevalence of khat use and its association with health, nutritional status, mental distress, substance use, family and social functioning and economic well-being. The current prevalence of khat chewing was found to be 31.7%. Muslims more than Christians, males more than females, those between the ages 15 and 34 years more than other age groups were habitual users. The following factors were found to be significantly associated with khat use: physical illness, (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.14-2.02); injuries (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.42-3.79), undernutrition (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.24-2.48), mental distress (OR = 8.30, 95% CI = 5.20-13.31). Family functioning among current khat users was significantly higher than non users (OR = 1.56, 95%-CI = 1.04-2.28). Social functioning and economic well-being were not significantly associated with khat use. It is concluded that a fairly large proportion of the population consumes khat and that this is related to physical and mental ill-health, although family and social functioning, and economic well-being seem to be unrelated to khat use.

Students' perceptions of the admissions process for a program for internationally-trained dentists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, Patricia Ann

This study is designed to analyze the students' perceptions of the application process for a foreign-trained dental program. The goal was to add to the knowledge base the views of students who have experienced the application process of this type of program. Using a quantitative approach, the method of data collection was through a link to an online Likert survey which was emailed to graduates, first-year and second-year current students of the International Dental Studies (IDS) program at the University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry. Respondents were students who had experienced the IDS application process and had been accepted into the program. The study identified three topics: background, motivation and perception of fairness. The background information identified whether the participant was male/female and whether they were a current first-/second-year student or a graduate of the program. Motivation for applying was identified through questions about knowing someone who was in or had completed the program, and/or applied because of the program's reputation. Perception of fairness was determined by asking how the student felt about each required element of the process. By using structure based upon construct, which provides the researcher with a methodical review and configuration of the information, the study found that students had some views about application elements that, at times, conflicted with school's requirements. However, in general, the students felt the school was requiring the right elements for their application and were, therefore, basing their acceptance decisions on the correct requisites.

The development of the time dependence of the nuclear EMP electric field

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eng, C

The nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) electric field calculated with the legacy code CHAP is compared with the field given by an integral solution of Maxwell's equations, also known as the Jefimenko equation, to aid our current understanding on the factors that affect the time dependence of the EMP. For a fair comparison the CHAP current density is used as a source in the Jefimenko equation. At first, the comparison is simplified by neglecting the conduction current and replacing the standard atmosphere with a constant density air slab. The simplicity of the resultant current density aids in determining the factors thatmore » affect the rise, peak and tail of the EMP electric field versus time. The three dimensional nature of the radiating source, i.e. sources off the line-of-sight, and the time dependence of the derivative of the current density with respect to time are found to play significant roles in shaping the EMP electric field time dependence. These results are found to hold even when the conduction current and the standard atmosphere are properly accounted for. Comparison of the CHAP electric field with the Jefimenko electric field offers a direct validation of the high-frequency/outgoing wave approximation.« less

What Determines the Perception of Fairness Regarding Household Division of Labor between Spouses?

PubMed

Nakamura, Mayumi; Akiyoshi, Mito

2015-01-01

Married women often undertake a larger share of housework in many countries and yet they do not always perceive the inequitable division of household labor to be "unfair." Several theories have been proposed to explain the pervasive perception of fairness that is incongruent with the observed inequity in household tasks. These theories include 1) economic resource theory, 2) time constraint theory, 3) gender value theory, and 4) relative deprivation theory. This paper re-examines these theories with newly available data collected on Japanese married women in 2014 in order to achieve a new understanding of the gendered nature of housework. It finds that social comparison with others is a key mechanism that explains women's perception of fairness. The finding is compatible with relative deprivation theory. In addition to confirming the validity of the theory of relative deprivation, it further uncovers that a woman's reference groups tend to be people with similar life circumstances rather than non-specific others. The perceived fairness is also found to contribute to the sense of overall happiness. The significant contribution of this paper is to explicate how this seeming contradiction of inequity in the division of housework and the perception of fairness endures.

Agency matters! Social preferences in the three-person ultimatum game.

PubMed

Alexopoulos, Johanna; Pfabigan, Daniela M; Göschl, Florian; Bauer, Herbert; Fischmeister, Florian Ph S

2013-01-01

In the present study EEG was recorded simultaneously while two participants were playing the three-person ultimatum game (UG). Both participants received different offers from changing proposers about how to split up a certain amount of money between the three players. One of the participants had no say, whereas the other, the responder, was able to harm the payoff of all other players. The aim of the study was to investigate how the outcomes of the respective other are evaluated by participants who were treated fairly or unfairly themselves and to what extent agency influences concerns for fairness. Analyses were focused on the medial frontal negativity (MFN) as an early index for subjective value assignment. Recipients with veto-power exhibited enhanced, more negative-going, MFN amplitudes following proposals that comprised a low share for both recipients, suggesting that responders favored offers with a fair amount to at least one of the two players. Though, the powerless players cared about the amount assigned to the responder, MFN amplitudes were larger following fair compared to unfair offers assigned to the responder. Similarly, concerns for fairness which determined the amplitude of the MFN, suggested that the powerless players exhibited negative and conversely the responders, positive social preferences.

Comparison of Wind-Tunnel and Flight Measurements of Stability and Control Characteristics of a Douglas A-26 Airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kayten, Gerald G; Koven, William

1945-01-01

Stability and control characteristics determined from tests in the Langley 19-foot pressure tunnel of a 0.2375-scale model of the Douglas XA-26 airplane are compared with those measured in flight tests of a Douglas A-26 airplane. Agreement regarding static longitudinal stability as indicated by the elevator-fixed neutral points and by the variation of elevator deflection in both straight and turning flight was found to be good except at speeds approaching the stall. At these low speeds the airplane possessed noticeably improved stability, which was attributed to pronounced stalling at the root of the production wing. The pronounced root stalling did not occur on the smooth, well-faired model wing. Elevator tab effectiveness determined from model tests agreed well with flight-test tab effectiveness, but control-force variations with speed and acceleration were not in good agreement. The use of model hinge-moment data obtained at zero sideslip appeared to be satisfactory for the determination of aileron forces in sideslip. Fairly good correlation in aileron effectiveness and control forces was obtained; fabric distortion may have been responsible to some extent for higher flight values of aileron force at high speeds. Estimation of sideslip developed in an abrupt aileron roll was fair, but determination of the rudder deflection required to maintain zero sideslip in a rapid aileron roll was not entirely satisfactory.

The interplay between feedback-related negativity and individual differences in altruistic punishment: An EEG study.

PubMed

Mothes, Hendrik; Enge, Sören; Strobel, Alexander

2016-04-01

To date, the interplay betwexen neurophysiological and individual difference factors in altruistic punishment has been little understood. To examine this issue, 45 individuals participated in a Dictator Game with punishment option while the feedback-related negativity (FRN) was derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG). Unlike previous EEG studies on the Dictator Game, we introduced a third party condition to study the effect of fairness norm violations in addition to employing a first person perspective. For the first time, we also examined the role of individual differences, specifically fairness concerns, positive/negative affectivity, and altruism/empathy as well as recipients' financial situation during altruistic punishment. The main results show that FRN amplitudes were more pronounced for unfair than for fair assignments in both the first person and third party perspectives. These findings suggest that FRN amplitudes are sensitive to fairness norm violations and play a crucial role in the recipients' evaluation of dictator assignments. With respect to individual difference factors, recipients' current financial situation affected the FRN fairness effect in the first person perspective, indicating that when being directly affected by the assignments, more affluent participants experienced stronger violations of expectations in altruistic punishment decisions. Regarding individual differences in trait empathy, in the third party condition FRN amplitudes were more pronounced for those who scored lower in empathy. This may suggest empathy as another motive in third party punishment. Independent of the perspective taken, higher positive affect was associated with more punishment behavior, suggesting that positive emotions may play an important role in restoring violated fairness norms.

Behavioral and neuronal determinants of negative reciprocity in the ultimatum game.

PubMed

Kaltwasser, Laura; Hildebrandt, Andrea; Wilhelm, Oliver; Sommer, Werner

2016-10-01

The rejection of unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG) indicates negative reciprocity. The model of strong reciprocity claims that negative reciprocity reflects prosociality because the rejecting individual is sacrificing resources in order to punish unfair behavior. However, a recent study found that the rejection rate of unfair offers is linked to assertiveness (status defense model). To pursue the question what drives negative reciprocity, the present study investigated individual differences in the rejection of unfair offers along with their behavioral and neuronal determinants. We measured fairness preferences and event-related potentials (ERP) in 200 healthy participants playing a computerized version of the UG with pictures of unfair and fair proposers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) on the behavioral data corroborated both the strong reciprocity and the status defense models of human cooperation: Not only more prosocial but also more assertive individuals were more likely to show negative reciprocity by rejecting unfair offers. Experimental ERP results confirmed the feedback negativity (FN) as a neural signature of fairness processing. Multilevel SEM of brain-behavior relationships revealed that negative reciprocity was significantly associated with individual differences in FN amplitudes in response to proposers. Our results confirm stable individual differences in fairness processing at the behavioral and neuronal level. © The Author (2016). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Comparison of rigorous and simple vibrational models for the CO2 gasdynamic laser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Monson, D. J.

1977-01-01

The accuracy of a simple vibrational model for computing the gain in a CO2 gasdynamic laser is assessed by comparing results computed from it with results computed from a rigorous vibrational model. The simple model is that of Anderson et al. (1971), in which the vibrational kinetics are modeled by grouping the nonequilibrium vibrational degrees of freedom into two modes, to each of which there corresponds an equation describing vibrational relaxation. The two models agree fairly well in the computed gain at low temperatures, but the simple model predicts too high a gain at the higher temperatures of current interest. The sources of error contributing to the overestimation given by the simple model are determined by examining the simplified relaxation equations.

Influence of orbital-maneuvering-system fairings and rudder flare on the transonic aerodynamic characteristics of a space shuttle orbiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ellison, J. C.

1975-01-01

An investigation was conducted in the Langley 8-foot transonic pressure tunnel to determine the influence of orbital-maneuvering-system fairings and a flared rudder on the aerodynamic characteristics of a space shuttle-orbiter configuration. Tests were made at Mach numbers from 0.4 to 1.2, at angles of attack from -1 deg to 24 deg, at angles of sideslip of 0 deg and 5 deg, and at a Reynolds number, based on model length, of 4 million. The model with the orbital-maneuvering-system fairings had a minimum untrimmed lift-drag ratio from 7.4 to 3.4 at Mach numbers from 0.4 to 1.2 and a maximum trimmed lift-drag ratio of about 3.55 at Mach 0.8 with the rudder flared 30 deg. The directional stability was increased at Mach 0.8 and 1.2 by addition of the orbital-maneuvering-system fairings and at Mach 1.2 by flaring the rudder.

Quantifying cerebellum grey matter and white matter perfusion using pulsed arterial spin labeling.

PubMed

Li, Xiufeng; Sarkar, Subhendra N; Purdy, David E; Briggs, Richard W

2014-01-01

To facilitate quantification of cerebellum cerebral blood flow (CBF), studies were performed to systematically optimize arterial spin labeling (ASL) parameters for measuring cerebellum perfusion, segment cerebellum to obtain separate CBF values for grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM), and compare FAIR ASST to PICORE. Cerebellum GM and WM CBF were measured with optimized ASL parameters using FAIR ASST and PICORE in five subjects. Influence of volume averaging in voxels on cerebellar grey and white matter boundaries was minimized by high-probability threshold masks. Cerebellar CBF values determined by FAIR ASST were 43.8 ± 5.1 mL/100 g/min for GM and 27.6 ± 4.5 mL/100 g/min for WM. Quantitative perfusion studies indicated that CBF in cerebellum GM is 1.6 times greater than that in cerebellum WM. Compared to PICORE, FAIR ASST produced similar CBF estimations but less subtraction error and lower temporal, spatial, and intersubject variability. These are important advantages for detecting group and/or condition differences in CBF values.

The use of the Color Trails Test in the assessment of driver competence: preliminary report of a culture-fair instrument.

PubMed

Elkin-Frankston, Seth; Lebowitz, Brian K; Kapust, Lissa R; Hollis, Ann M; O'Connor, Margaret G

2007-06-01

Studies have shown that the Trail Making Test (TMT) predicts real-world driving performance in individuals who have cognitive deficits. However, because this test requires knowledge of the Latin alphabet, the TMT may not be appropriate for individuals who are illiterate or for those whom English is not their primary language. Because the Color Trails Test (CTT) is not influenced by knowledge of the alphabet, the CTT may be a culture-fair alternative to the TMT. To date, the utility of the CTT in the evaluation of driver competence has not been established. In the current study, individuals referred for a comprehensive driving assessment underwent testing with the TMT and CTT. The results suggest that the CTT and the TMT provide similar information regarding road-test outcome. Thus, the CTT may be a culture-fair alternative to the TMT in the assessment of driver competence.

KSC-99pp1229

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-20

Center Director Roy Bridges stops at the Stewart Eye Institute table at the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG) 1999 Technology Fair being held Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. Behind Bridges is Sterling Walker, director of Engineering Development at KSC and chairman of DAAWG. At the near right are George and Marian Hall, who are with the Institute. At the left is Nancie Strott, a multi-media specialist with Dynacs and chairperson of the Fair. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, "Opening Doors to Ability." Some of the vendors participating are Canine Companions for Independence, Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services

KSC-99pp1230

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-20

Center Director Roy Bridges stops to talk to one of the vendors at the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG) Technology Fair being held Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. With him at the far left is Sterling Walker, director of Engineering Development at KSC and chairman of DAAWG, and Nancie Strott, a multi-media specialist with Dynacs and chairperson of the Fair; at the right is Carol Cavanaugh, with KSC Public Services. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, "Opening Doors to Ability." Some of the vendors participating are Canine Companions for Independence, Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services

A 16-m Telescope for the Advanced Technology Large Aperture Telescope (ATLAST) Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lillie, Charles F.; Dailey, D. R.; Polidan, R. S.

2010-01-01

Future space observatories will require increasingly large telescopes to study the earliest stars and galaxies, as well as faint nearby objects. Technologies now under development will enable telescopes much larger than the 6.5-meter diameter James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to be developed at comparable costs. Current segmented mirror and deployable optics technology enables the 6.5 meter JWST telescope to be folded for launch in the 5-meter diameter Ariane 5 payload fairing, and deployed autonomously after reaching orbit. Late in the next decade, when the Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle payload fairing becomes operational, even larger telescope can be placed in orbit. In this paper we present our concept for a 16-meter JWST derivative, chord-fold telescope which could be stowed in the 10-m diameter Ares V fairing, plus a description of the new technologies that enable ATLAST to be developed at an affordable price.

Clinicians’ Personal Theories of Developmental Disorders Explain Their Judgments of Effectiveness of Interventions

PubMed Central

de Kwaadsteniet, Leontien; Hagmayer, York

2017-01-01

Evidence-based psychotherapy requires clinicians to consider theories of psychopathology and evidence about effectiveness, and their experience when choosing interventions. Research on clinical decision making indicates that clinicians’ theories of disorders might be personal and inform judgments and choices beyond current scientific theory and evidence. We asked 20 child therapists to draw models of how they believed that biological, psychological, environmental, and behavioral factors interact to cause and maintain four common developmental disorders. They were also asked to judge the effectiveness of interventions recommended in the literature. Therapists showed only fair agreement about the factors and a slight to fair agreement about the causal relations between these, and just fair agreement about interventions’ effectiveness. Despite these disagreements, we could predict effectiveness judgments from therapists’ personal theories, which indicates that clinicians use personal theories in decision making. We discuss the implications of these findings for evidence-based practice. PMID:29527408

Validity of the mockwitness paradigm: testing the assumptions.

PubMed

McQuiston, Dawn E; Malpass, Roy S

2002-08-01

Mockwitness identifications are used to provide a quantitative measure of lineup fairness. Some theoretical and practical assumptions of this paradigm have not been studied in terms of mockwitnesses' decision processes and procedural variation (e.g., instructions, lineup presentation method), and the current experiment was conducted to empirically evaluate these assumptions. Four hundred and eighty mockwitnesses were given physical information about a culprit, received 1 of 4 variations of lineup instructions, and were asked to identify the culprit from either a fair or unfair sequential lineup containing 1 of 2 targets. Lineup bias estimates varied as a result of lineup fairness and the target presented. Mockwitnesses generally reported that the target's physical description was their main source of identifying information. Our findings support the use of mockwitness identifications as a useful technique for sequential lineup evaluation, but only for mockwitnesses who selected only 1 lineup member. Recommendations for the use of this evaluation procedure are discussed.

When Advisors' True Intentions Are in Question. How Do Bank Customers Cope with Uncertainty in Financial Consultancies?

PubMed

Mackinger, Barbara; Jonas, Eva; Mühlberger, Christina

2017-01-01

When making financial decisions bank customers are confronted with two types of uncertainty: first, return on investments is uncertain and there is a risk of losing money. Second, customers cannot be certain about their financial advisor's true intentions. This might decrease customers' willingness to cooperate with advisors. However, the uncertainty management model and fairness heuristic theory predict that in uncertain situations customers are willing to cooperate with financial advisors when they perceive fairness. In the current study, we investigated how perceived fairness in the twofold uncertain situations increased people's intended future cooperation with an advisor. We asked customers of financial consultancies about their experienced uncertainty regarding both the investment decision and the advisor's intentions. Moreover, we asked them about their perceived fairness, as well as their intention to cooperate with the advisor in the future. A three-way moderation analysis showed that customers who faced high uncertainty regarding the investment decision and high uncertainty regarding the advisor's true intentions indicated the lowest intended cooperation with the advisor but high fairness increased their cooperation. Interestingly, when people were only uncertain about the advisor's intentions (but certain about the decision) they indicated less cooperation than when they were only uncertain about the decision (but certain about the advisor's intentions). A mediated moderation analysis revealed that this relationship was explained by customers' lower trust in their advisors.

Joint Decision-Making and the Coordination of a Sustainable Supply Chain in the Context of Carbon Tax Regulation and Fairness Concerns

PubMed Central

Liu, Zhi; Zheng, Xiao-Xue; Gong, Ben-Gang; Gui, Yun-Miao

2017-01-01

Carbon tax regulation and consumers’ low-carbon preference act as incentives for firms to abate emissions. Manufacturers can improve product sustainability and retailers can strengthen the promotion of low-carbon products as part of such abatement. Current incomplete rationality also affects product sustainability and low-carbon promotion level. In this context, we consider a supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer and investigate the impacts of the manufacturer’s and the retailer’s fairness concerns on their production sustainability level, low-carbon promotion level and profitability. We also explore the coordination contract. The results show that the manufacturer’s and the retailer’s fairness concerns decrease their product sustainability and low-carbon promotion level, together with the profits of the system and the manufacturer. With regard to the retailer’s fairness concern, the product sustainability level and the manufacturer’s profit are lower; moreover, the low-carbon promotion level and the profits of the supply chain and the retailer are higher. A revenue-sharing contract can coordinate the supply chain perfectly; however, members’ fairness concerns increase the difficulty of coordination. Finally, the numerical results reveal that carbon tax regulation can encourage the manufacturer to enhance the product sustainability level. Further, the impacts on the low-carbon promotion level and firms’ profitability are related to the cost coefficients of product sustainability. PMID:29186934

Joint Decision-Making and the Coordination of a Sustainable Supply Chain in the Context of Carbon Tax Regulation and Fairness Concerns.

PubMed

Liu, Zhi; Zheng, Xiao-Xue; Gong, Ben-Gang; Gui, Yun-Miao

2017-11-27

Carbon tax regulation and consumers' low-carbon preference act as incentives for firms to abate emissions. Manufacturers can improve product sustainability and retailers can strengthen the promotion of low-carbon products as part of such abatement. Current incomplete rationality also affects product sustainability and low-carbon promotion level. In this context, we consider a supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer and investigate the impacts of the manufacturer's and the retailer's fairness concerns on their production sustainability level, low-carbon promotion level and profitability. We also explore the coordination contract. The results show that the manufacturer's and the retailer's fairness concerns decrease their product sustainability and low-carbon promotion level, together with the profits of the system and the manufacturer. With regard to the retailer's fairness concern, the product sustainability level and the manufacturer's profit are lower; moreover, the low-carbon promotion level and the profits of the supply chain and the retailer are higher. A revenue-sharing contract can coordinate the supply chain perfectly; however, members' fairness concerns increase the difficulty of coordination. Finally, the numerical results reveal that carbon tax regulation can encourage the manufacturer to enhance the product sustainability level. Further, the impacts on the low-carbon promotion level and firms' profitability are related to the cost coefficients of product sustainability.

Strangeness from SPS to FAIR: Searching for the onset of deconfinement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Friese, Volker

2017-12-01

Since the early days of heavy-ion physics, strangeness has been considered a sensitive probe of the state of matter created in nuclear collisions. This assessment still holds today, where we are witnessing renewed interest in collisions at moderate energies, manifested in the running or projected experimental programmes at RHIC, SPS, FAIR, and NICA. In this article, we will review the current understanding of strangeness production at lower energies and discuss how far future measurement of strange particles can contribute to understanding the properties of dense QCD matter and to the search for the onset of deconfinement.

Adaptive play stabilizes cooperation in continuous public goods games

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Te; Wang, Long

2018-04-01

We construct a model to study the effects of repeated interaction on the evolution of cooperation in continuous public goods games. Instead of preassigning the duration of repeatedness, the likelihood of group entering next round interaction is positively dependent on the group's current cooperativeness. Meanwhile, when the disturbance happens, the interaction terminates. Under rare mutations, we show that such adaptive play can lead to the dominance of full cooperative state for weak disturbance. For fairly strong disturbance, all-or-none cooperative states share higher fractions of time in the long run, results similar to the ones reported in the study (Pinheiro et al., 2014) while differing from the ones reported in another relevant study (Van Segbroeck et al., 2012), although only strategy space and way determining next round vary. Our results remain valid when groups enter next round with a given probability independent of groups' cooperativeness. In the synergic public goods games, the positive effects of repeated interactions on promoting cooperation is further strengthened. In the discounted public goods game, only very weak disturbance can lead to the dominance of full cooperative state while fairly strong disturbance can favor both full cooperative state and a partially cooperative state. Our study thus enriches the literature on the evolution of cooperation in repeated public goods games.

A game theory-reinforcement learning (GT-RL) method to develop optimal operation policies for multi-operator reservoir systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madani, Kaveh; Hooshyar, Milad

2014-11-01

Reservoir systems with multiple operators can benefit from coordination of operation policies. To maximize the total benefit of these systems the literature has normally used the social planner's approach. Based on this approach operation decisions are optimized using a multi-objective optimization model with a compound system's objective. While the utility of the system can be increased this way, fair allocation of benefits among the operators remains challenging for the social planner who has to assign controversial weights to the system's beneficiaries and their objectives. Cooperative game theory provides an alternative framework for fair and efficient allocation of the incremental benefits of cooperation. To determine the fair and efficient utility shares of the beneficiaries, cooperative game theory solution methods consider the gains of each party in the status quo (non-cooperation) as well as what can be gained through the grand coalition (social planner's solution or full cooperation) and partial coalitions. Nevertheless, estimation of the benefits of different coalitions can be challenging in complex multi-beneficiary systems. Reinforcement learning can be used to address this challenge and determine the gains of the beneficiaries for different levels of cooperation, i.e., non-cooperation, partial cooperation, and full cooperation, providing the essential input for allocation based on cooperative game theory. This paper develops a game theory-reinforcement learning (GT-RL) method for determining the optimal operation policies in multi-operator multi-reservoir systems with respect to fairness and efficiency criteria. As the first step to underline the utility of the GT-RL method in solving complex multi-agent multi-reservoir problems without a need for developing compound objectives and weight assignment, the proposed method is applied to a hypothetical three-agent three-reservoir system.

Forms of benefit sharing in global health research undertaken in resource poor settings: a qualitative study of stakeholders' views in Kenya.

PubMed

Lairumbi, Geoffrey M; Parker, Michael; Fitzpatrick, Raymond; English, Michael C

2012-01-17

Increase in global health research undertaken in resource poor settings in the last decade though a positive development has raised ethical concerns relating to potential for exploitation. Some of the suggested strategies to address these concerns include calls for providing universal standards of care, reasonable availability of proven interventions and more recently, promoting the overall social value of research especially in clinical research. Promoting the social value of research has been closely associated with providing fair benefits to various stakeholders involved in research. The debate over what constitutes fair benefits; whether those that addresses micro level issues of justice or those focusing on the key determinants of health at the macro level has continued. This debate has however not benefited from empirical work on what stakeholders consider fair benefits. This study explores practical experiences of stakeholders involved in global health research in Kenya, over what benefits are fair within a developing world context. We conducted in-depth interviews with key informants drawn from within the broader health research system in Kenya including researchers from the mainstream health research institutions, networks and universities, teaching hospitals, policy makers, institutional review boards, civil society organisations and community representative groups.The range of benefits articulated by stakeholders addresses both micro and macro level concerns for justice by for instance, seeking to engage with interests of those facilitating research, and the broader systemic issues that make resource poor settings vulnerable to exploitation. We interpret these views to suggest a need for global health research to engage with current crises that face people in these settings as well as the broader systemic issues that produce them. Global health research should provide benefits that address both the micro and macro level issues of justice in order to forestall exploitation. Embracing the two is however challenging in terms of how the various competing interests/needs should be balanced ethically, especially in the absence of structures to guide the process. This challenge should point to the need for greater dialogue to facilitate value clarification among stakeholders.

Sediment transport in Norton Sound, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Drake, D.E.; Cacchione, D.A.; Muench, R.D.; Nelson, C.H.

1980-01-01

The Yukon River, the largest single source of Bering Sea sediment, delivers >95% of its sediment load at the southwest corner of Norton Sound during the ice-free months of late May through October. During this period, surface winds in the northern Bering Sea area are generally light from the south and southwest, and surface waves are not significant. Although wind stress may cause some transport of low-density turbid surface water into the head of Norton Sound, the most significant transport of Yukon River suspended matter occurs within advective currents flowing north across the outer part of the sound. The thickest accumulations of modern Yukon silt and very fine sand occur beneath this persistent current. We monitored temporal variations in bottom currents, pressure, and suspended-matter concentrations within this major transport pathway for 80 days in the summer of 1977 using a Geological Processes Bottom Environmental (GEOPROBE) tripod system. The record reveals two distinctive periods of bottom flow and sediment transport: an initial 59 days (July 8-September 5) of fair-weather conditions, characterized by tidally dominated currents and relatively low, stable suspended-matter concentrations; and a 21-day period (September 5-September 26) during which several storms traversed the northern Bering Sea, mean suspended-matter concentrations near the bottom increased by a factor of five, and the earlier tidal dominance was overshadowed by wind-driven and oscillatory wave-generated currents. Friction velocities (u*) at the GEOPROBE site were generally subcritical during the initial fair-weather period. In contrast, the 21-day stormy period was characterized by u* values that exceeded the critical level of 1.3 cm/s more than 60% of the time. The GEPROBE data suggest that the very fine sand constituting about 50% of the sediment on the outer part of the Yukon prodelta is transported during a few late-summer and fall storms each year. A conservative estimate shows that suspended-matter transport during the storms in September 1977 was equal to four months of fair-weather transport. ?? 1980.

U.S. Air Force Spent Billions on F117 Engine Sustainment Without Knowing What a Fair Price Was

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-11

repair, or overhaul, as compared to the PW2000 commercial-derivative engine sustainment price for these services in the private sector.17 The House ... sustainment costs. The House committee was also concerned that the Air Force could not determine whether it is paying a fair and reasonable price for...administration. The House committee encouraged the Air Force to seek a competitive strategy to obtain F117 engine sustainment services and also encouraged it to

Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-29

Review To Determine Aircraft Carrier Homeporting In Mayport,” available online at http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid= 12600...Ocean. The figure of about 32 nautical miles is the straight-line distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online ...distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available at http://www.indo.com/cgi-bin/dist

Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-23

Release No. 233-09 of April 10, 2009, entitled “Quadrennial Defense Review To Determine Aircraft Carrier Homeporting In Mayport,” available online at...The figure of about 32 nautical miles is the straight-line distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online ...distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available at http://www.indo.com/cgi-bin/dist

Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-09

Release No. 233-09 of April 10, 2009, entitled “Quadrennial Defense Review To Determine Aircraft Carrier Homeporting In Mayport,” available online at...is the straight-line distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available at http...straight-line distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available at http://www.indo.com/cgi

24 CFR 115.305 - Special enforcement effort (SEE) funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... enforced a subpoena or made use of its prompt judicial action authority within the past year; (2) The... the most recent three years, or is currently engaged in, at least one major fair housing systemic...

[Morphology determination of ionization region in multi-needle-to-plate negative corona discharge].

PubMed

Su, Peng-Hao; Zhu, Yi-Min; Chen, Hai-Feng

2007-11-01

Based on the former work on the current-voltage characteristics of a multi-needle-to-plate negative corona discharge at atmospheric pressure, the present work uses the method of OES (optical emission spectrum) for measuring N2 emission spectrum, and the morphology determination of the ionization region has been investigated. According to the distribution of N2 second positive band's intensity I(SPB), the highest of all bands, the outline of the ionization region was drawn fairly accurately. The relationship between I(SPB) and discharge current I can be obtained through the volume integral of the I(SPB). The experimental results show that the size of the ionization region enhances with the rise of the applied voltage U, and the electron avalanche begins at about 1 mm off the tips of needle electrode and multiplies only in the range of several millimeters, indicating that, the range of the ionization region is at the magnitude of mm. The electron avalanche along the axis of the needle develops farther than that along the radial direction of needle, and the shape of the ionization region looks like a bullet. The integral of I(SPB) is second-order linear to I, with a very second order coefficient, meaning that the main excited substance is N2. Energetic electrons mainly exist in ionization region while ions are the main charged particles to form discharge current in the transfer region.

Lay perceptions of current and future health, the causes of illness, and the nature of recovery: explaining health and illness in Malaysia.

PubMed

Swami, Viren; Arteche, Adriane; Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas; Maakip, Ismail; Stanistreet, Debbi; Furnham, Adrian

2009-09-01

This study examined beliefs about the causes and determinants of health, illness, and recovery in an opportunistic sample from Malaysia. In all, 371 women and 350 men completed the Health and Illness Scale, a 124-item scale that examined beliefs about current and future health, and beliefs about the causes of illness and recovery. Each of the four subscales of the Health Illness Scale were factor analysed to reveal the underlying structure. Results showed the emergence of a number of distinct factors in the case of each subscale, of which environmental, life-style, psychological, religious, and fate-related factors were fairly stable across subscales. Results also showed a number of differences in beliefs between religious groups, and that religiosity and sex were the strongest predictors of beliefs across the four subscales. The results are discussed in terms of the available cross-cultural literature on lay beliefs about health.

Risk Management in Construction Project: Taking Fairness into Account

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Górecki, Jarosław; Bizon-Górecka, Jadwiga

2017-10-01

Risk management requires a comprehensive review of possible hazards, their possible outcomes as well as some recommendations about minimizing the risk. The study emphasises that the project risk management refers to an analysis of the risk factors and a creation of the strategy minimising negative effects of the risk. It was pointed out that a construction project is this kind of projects that can be defined as a unique process of high complexity (design documentation, various stages of creating the building), which has clearly defined time frames and a given financial limit. It is executed as a team work, by qualified or highly qualified specialists of different matters, for example masonry, precast, etc. Additionally, it requires a use of modern equipment and an adequate preparation of the investment. Therefore, the risk management focuses on the problems allowing for troubleshooting. A basis of the risk management is to recognise the fundamentals, which are crucial for the construction project management, i.e. an object perspective, including technological, supporting and management processes as well as an entity perspective - project stakeholders. Construction projects require also an acquaintance with the specificity of the branch. The article refers to the risk management in construction project and, in particular, a phenomenon of participants’ fairness in such projects. The problem of fairness of the entities involved in a project should be understood as a fair play, according to the arrangements agreed in a contract and compatible with current formal procedures and social rules. It was indicated that fairness can be treated as an important factor in predicting the success of such projects. Interviews conducted among contractors in Kuyavian-Pomeranian region showed varied fairness requirements put to individual participants of construction projects. The article presents results of the research. It shows a desired attitude of the surveyed enterprises towards a problem of the fair behaviour. These behaviours, relating to individual stakeholders, have been underlined in different phases of the construction projects’ life cycle.

GPM Encapsulation Complete

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-02-20

GPM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The Core Observatory will link data from a constellation of current and planned satellites to produce next-generation global measurements of rainfall and snowfall from space. On Feb. 11, the Core Observatory was moved into the spacecraft fairing assembly building and into the Encapsulation Hall. Final inspections and preparations were completed for the installation into the fairing, which began on Feb 13. The fairing is the part of the rocket that will contain the spacecraft at the top of the H-IIA rocket. The encapsulation process for the H-IIA is very different than for most U.S. rockets. For U.S. rockets, the fairing is usually in two pieces that close around the payload like a clamshell. To install the GPM Core Observatory into the fairing of the H-IIA rocket, first the Core Observatory and the Payload Attach Fitting (PAF) are set up in scaffolding in the Encapsulation Hall. Then, the fairing is lifted above and lowered onto the fitting. When only a few feet remain above the final position, stanchions support the fairing while technicians go inside to complete the electrical connections. When this is completed, they remove the stanchions and lower the fairing to its final position, where it is bolted in place. The GPM mission is the first coordinated international satellite network to provide near real-time observations of rain and snow every three hours anywhere on the globe. The GPM Core Observatory anchors this network by providing observations on all types of precipitation. The observatory's data acts as the measuring stick by which partner observations can be combined into a unified data set. The data will be used by scientists to study climate change, freshwater resources, floods and droughts, and hurricane formation and tracking. Credit: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

GPM Encapsulation Complete

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

GPM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The Core Observatory will link data from a constellation of current and planned satellites to produce next-generation global measurements of rainfall and snowfall from space. On Feb. 11, the Core Observatory was moved into the spacecraft fairing assembly building and into the Encapsulation Hall. Final inspections and preparations were completed for the installation into the fairing, which began on Feb 13. The fairing is the part of the rocket that will contain the spacecraft at the top of the H-IIA rocket. The encapsulation process for the H-IIA is very different than for most U.S. rockets. For U.S. rockets, the fairing is usually in two pieces that close around the payload like a clamshell. To install the GPM Core Observatory into the fairing of the H-IIA rocket, first the Core Observatory and the Payload Attach Fitting (PAF) are set up in scaffolding in the Encapsulation Hall. Then, the fairing is lifted above and lowered onto the fitting. When only a few feet remain above the final position, stanchions support the fairing while technicians go inside to complete the electrical connections. When this is completed, they remove the stanchions and lower the fairing to its final position, where it is bolted in place. The GPM mission is the first coordinated international satellite network to provide near real-time observations of rain and snow every three hours anywhere on the globe. The GPM Core Observatory anchors this network by providing observations on all types of precipitation. The observatory's data acts as the measuring stick by which partner observations can be combined into a unified data set. The data will be used by scientists to study climate change, freshwater resources, floods and droughts, and hurricane formation and tracking. Credit: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

19 CFR 207.114 - Initial determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Initial determination. 207.114 Section 207.114 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION NONADJUDICATIVE INVESTIGATIONS INVESTIGATIONS OF WHETHER INJURY TO DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES RESULTS FROM IMPORTS SOLD AT LESS THAN FAIR VALUE OR FROM...

5 CFR 551.216 - Law enforcement activities and 7(k) coverage for FLSA pay and exemption determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS... exemption determinations. (a) The Office of Personnel Management may determine that the provisions of... rescue and first aid procedures applicable to law enforcement emergencies (e.g., gunshot wounds, riot and...

5 CFR 551.216 - Law enforcement activities and 7(k) coverage for FLSA pay and exemption determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS... exemption determinations. (a) The Office of Personnel Management may determine that the provisions of... rescue and first aid procedures applicable to law enforcement emergencies (e.g., gunshot wounds, riot and...

5 CFR 551.216 - Law enforcement activities and 7(k) coverage for FLSA pay and exemption determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS... exemption determinations. (a) The Office of Personnel Management may determine that the provisions of... rescue and first aid procedures applicable to law enforcement emergencies (e.g., gunshot wounds, riot and...

A cross-sectional survey of Australian and New Zealand public opinion on methods totriage intensive care patients in an influenza pandemic.

PubMed

Cheung, Winston; Myburgh, John; McGuinness, Shay; Chalmers, Debra; Parke, Rachael; Blyth, Fiona; Seppelt, Ian; Parr, Michael; Hooker, Claire; Blackwell, Nikki; DeMonte, Shannon; Gandhi, Kalpesh; Kol, Mark; Kerridge, Ian; Nair, Priya; Saunders, Nicholas M; Saxena, Manoj K; Thanakrishnan, Govindasamy; Naganathan, Vasi

2017-09-01

An influenza pandemic has the potential to overwhelm intensive care resources, but the views of the general public on how resources should be allocated in such a scenario were unknown. We aimed to determine Australian and New Zealand public opinion on how intensive care unit beds should be allocated during an influenza pandemic. A postal questionnaire was sent to 4000 randomly selected registered voters; 2000 people each from the Australian Electoral Commission and New Zealand Electoral Commission rolls. The respondents' preferred method to triage ICU patients in an influenza pandemic. Respondents chose from six methods: use a "first in, first served" approach; allow a senior doctor to decide; use pre-determined health department criteria; use random selection; use the patient's ability to pay; use the importance of the patient to decide. Respondents also rated each of the triage methods for fairness. Australian respondents preferred that patients be triaged to the ICU either by a senior doctor (43.2%) or by pre-determined health department criteria (38.7%). New Zealand respondents preferred that triage be performed by a senior doctor (45.9%). Respondents from both countries perceived triage by a senior doctor and by pre-determined health department criteria to be fair, and the other four methods of triage to be unfair. In an influenza pandemic, when ICU resources would be overwhelmed, survey respondents preferred that ICU triage be performed by a senior doctor, but also perceived the use of pre-determined triage criteria to be fair.

Agency matters! Social preferences in the three-person ultimatum game

PubMed Central

Alexopoulos, Johanna; Pfabigan, Daniela M.; Göschl, Florian; Bauer, Herbert; Fischmeister, Florian Ph. S.

2013-01-01

In the present study EEG was recorded simultaneously while two participants were playing the three-person ultimatum game (UG). Both participants received different offers from changing proposers about how to split up a certain amount of money between the three players. One of the participants had no say, whereas the other, the responder, was able to harm the payoff of all other players. The aim of the study was to investigate how the outcomes of the respective other are evaluated by participants who were treated fairly or unfairly themselves and to what extent agency influences concerns for fairness. Analyses were focused on the medial frontal negativity (MFN) as an early index for subjective value assignment. Recipients with veto-power exhibited enhanced, more negative-going, MFN amplitudes following proposals that comprised a low share for both recipients, suggesting that responders favored offers with a fair amount to at least one of the two players. Though, the powerless players cared about the amount assigned to the responder, MFN amplitudes were larger following fair compared to unfair offers assigned to the responder. Similarly, concerns for fairness which determined the amplitude of the MFN, suggested that the powerless players exhibited negative and conversely the responders, positive social preferences. PMID:23818878

What Determines the Perception of Fairness Regarding Household Division of Labor between Spouses?

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Married women often undertake a larger share of housework in many countries and yet they do not always perceive the inequitable division of household labor to be “unfair.” Several theories have been proposed to explain the pervasive perception of fairness that is incongruent with the observed inequity in household tasks. These theories include 1) economic resource theory, 2) time constraint theory, 3) gender value theory, and 4) relative deprivation theory. This paper re-examines these theories with newly available data collected on Japanese married women in 2014 in order to achieve a new understanding of the gendered nature of housework. It finds that social comparison with others is a key mechanism that explains women’s perception of fairness. The finding is compatible with relative deprivation theory. In addition to confirming the validity of the theory of relative deprivation, it further uncovers that a woman’s reference groups tend to be people with similar life circumstances rather than non-specific others. The perceived fairness is also found to contribute to the sense of overall happiness. The significant contribution of this paper is to explicate how this seeming contradiction of inequity in the division of housework and the perception of fairness endures. PMID:26147921

Self-concept in fairness and rule establishment during a competitive game: a computational approach

PubMed Central

Lee, Sang Ho; Kim, Sung-Phil; Cho, Yang Seok

2015-01-01

People consider fairness as well as their own interest when making decisions in economic games. The present study proposes a model that encompasses the self-concept determined by one's own kindness as a factor of fairness. To observe behavioral patterns that reflect self-concept and fairness, a chicken game experiment was conducted. Behavioral data demonstrates four distinct patterns; “switching,” “mutual rush,” “mutual avoidance,” and “unfair” patterns. Model estimation of chicken game data shows that a model with self-concept predicts those behaviors better than previous models of fairness, suggesting that self-concept indeed affects human behavior in competitive economic games. Moreover, a non-stationary parameter analysis revealed the process of reaching consensus between the players in a game. When the models were fitted to a continuous time window, the parameters of the players in a pair with “switching” and “mutual avoidance” patterns became similar as the game proceeded, suggesting that the players gradually formed a shared rule during the game. In contrast, the difference of parameters between the players in the “unfair” and “mutual rush” patterns did not become stable. The outcomes of the present study showed that people are likely to change their strategy until they reach a mutually beneficial status. PMID:26441707

Determinants of catastrophic health expenditure in iran.

PubMed

Abolhallaje, M; Hasani, Sa; Bastani, P; Ramezanian, M; Kazemian, M

2013-01-01

This study will provide detailed specification of those variables and determinants of unpredictable health expenditure in Iran, and the requirements to reduce extensive effects of the factors affecting households' payments for health and other goods and services inappropriately. This study aims to identify measures of fair financing of health services and determinants of fair financing contribution, regarding the required share of households that prevents their catastrophic payments. In this regard, analysis of shares of households' expenditures on main groups of goods and services in urban and rural areas and in groups of deciles in the statistics from households' expenditure surveys was applied. The growth of spending in nominal values within the years 2002-2008 was considerably high and the rate for out-of-pocket payments is nearly the same or greater than the rate for total health expenditure. In 2008, urban and rural households in average pay 6.4% and 6.35% of their total expenditure on health services. Finally three categories of determinants of unfair and catastrophic payments by households were recognized in terms of households' socio-economic status, equality/inequality conditions of the distribution of risk of financing, and economic aspects of health expenditure distribution. While extending the total share of government and prepayment sources of financing health services are considered as the simplest policy for limiting out-of-pocket payments, indicators and policies introduced in this study could also be considered important and useful for the development of health sector and easing access to health services, irrespective of health financing fairness.

Digital Image Analysis Algorithm For Determination of Particle Size Distributions In Diesel Engines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armas, O.; Ballesteros, R.; Gomez, A.

One of the most serious problems associated to Diesel engines is pollutant emissions, standing out nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. However, although current emis- sions standards in Europe and America with regard to light vehicles and heavy duty engines refer the particulate limit in mass units, concern for knowing size and number of particles emitted by engines is being increased recently. This interest is promoted by last studies about particle harmful effects on health and is enhanced by recent changes in internal combustion engines technology. This study is focused on the implementation of a method to determine the particle size distribution made up in current methodology for vehicles certification in Europe. It will use an automated Digital Image Analysis Algorithm (DIAA) to determine particle size trends from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of filters charged in a dilution system used for measuring specific particulate emissions. The experimental work was performed on a steady state direct injection Diesel en- gine with 0.5 MW rated power, being considered as a typical engine in middle power industries. Particulate size distributions obtained using DIAA and a Scanning Mobil- ity Particle Sizer (SMPS), nowadays considered as the most reliable technique, were compared. Although number concentration detected by this method does not repre- sent real flowing particle concentration, this algorithm fairly reproduces the trends observed with SMPS when the engine load is varied.

A pricing rule for affiliate transactions: Room for consensus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Costello, K.W.

1998-12-01

Because it conforms to politically acceptable notions of fairness, state and federal regulators have relied heavily on the concept of fully distributed cost to govern affiliate transactions. This should be leavened by alternative transfer-pricing measures to balance the goals of economic efficiency and fairness. This discussion, particularly the principles set down, although focusing on products or services, is also relevant to the outright sale of assets by a utility to an affiliate or vice versa. The author also proposes language for the pricing of affiliate transactions that attempts to accommodate the widely divergent positions currently being debated in the regulatorymore » arena.« less

19 CFR 207.69 - Publication of determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Publication of determinations. 207.69 Section 207.69 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION NONADJUDICATIVE INVESTIGATIONS INVESTIGATIONS OF WHETHER INJURY TO DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES RESULTS FROM IMPORTS SOLD AT LESS THAN FAIR VALUE OR FROM...

29 CFR 779.306 - Leased departments not separate establishments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., determines the pricing policy, bills the customers, passes on customers' credit, receives payments due, handles complaints, determines the personnel policies, and performs other functions as well. In such... LABOR STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS THE FAIR LABOR...

24 CFR 888.320 - One-time Contract Rent determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PROGRAM, SECTION 202 SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY PROGRAM AND SECTION 811 SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES PROGRAM) SECTION 8 HOUSING ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS PROGRAM-FAIR MARKET RENTS AND... Elderly or Handicapped, and Special Allocations Projects § 888.320 One-time Contract Rent determination...

Fair Share or Freeride: Burden Sharing in Post-Cold War NATO

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-23

military facilities in Europe. 56 Carl Elk, NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current Issues (Washington DC: Congressional Research...Defense Minister Franz Joseph Jung replied, “our contribution is excellent.”114 Germany was clearly proud of its contribution to NATO operations, but...Monsanto, Portugal: NATO Joint Analysis Lessons Learned Centre (JALLC), 2011. Elk, Carl . NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current

Quantifying Cerebellum Grey Matter and White Matter Perfusion Using Pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling

PubMed Central

Li, Xiufeng; Sarkar, Subhendra N.; Purdy, David E.; Briggs, Richard W.

2014-01-01

To facilitate quantification of cerebellum cerebral blood flow (CBF), studies were performed to systematically optimize arterial spin labeling (ASL) parameters for measuring cerebellum perfusion, segment cerebellum to obtain separate CBF values for grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM), and compare FAIR ASST to PICORE. Cerebellum GM and WM CBF were measured with optimized ASL parameters using FAIR ASST and PICORE in five subjects. Influence of volume averaging in voxels on cerebellar grey and white matter boundaries was minimized by high-probability threshold masks. Cerebellar CBF values determined by FAIR ASST were 43.8 ± 5.1 mL/100 g/min for GM and 27.6 ± 4.5 mL/100 g/min for WM. Quantitative perfusion studies indicated that CBF in cerebellum GM is 1.6 times greater than that in cerebellum WM. Compared to PICORE, FAIR ASST produced similar CBF estimations but less subtraction error and lower temporal, spatial, and intersubject variability. These are important advantages for detecting group and/or condition differences in CBF values. PMID:24949416

Analysis of Forensic Casework Utilizing Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging.

PubMed

Lanzarotta, Adam

2016-02-24

A search of the current scientific literature yields a limited number of studies that describe the use of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging for the analysis of forensic casework, which is likely due to the fact that these instruments are fairly new commodities to the field of analytical chemistry and are therefore not yet commonplace in forensic laboratories. This report describes recent forensic case studies that have used the technique for determining the composition of a wide variety of multi-component sample types, including animal tissue sections for toxic inclusions, drugs/dietary supplements, an antibiotic with an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) present as several different salt forms, an adulterated bulk API, unknown trace powders for illicit drugs and an ophthalmic solution suspected of being adulterated with bleach.

Analysis of Forensic Casework Utilizing Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging †

PubMed Central

Lanzarotta, Adam

2016-01-01

A search of the current scientific literature yields a limited number of studies that describe the use of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging for the analysis of forensic casework, which is likely due to the fact that these instruments are fairly new commodities to the field of analytical chemistry and are therefore not yet commonplace in forensic laboratories. This report describes recent forensic case studies that have used the technique for determining the composition of a wide variety of multi-component sample types, including animal tissue sections for toxic inclusions, drugs/dietary supplements, an antibiotic with an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) present as several different salt forms, an adulterated bulk API, unknown trace powders for illicit drugs and an ophthalmic solution suspected of being adulterated with bleach. PMID:26927101

2013 Dade W. Moeller lecture: medical countermeasures against radiological terrorism.

PubMed

Moulder, John E

2014-08-01

Soon after the 9-11 attacks, politicians and scientists began to question our ability to cope with a large-scale radiological terrorism incident. The outline of what was needed was fairly obvious: the ability to prevent such an attack, methods to cope with the medical consequences, the ability to clean up afterward, and the tools to figure out who perpetrated the attack and bring them to justice. The medical response needed three components: the technology to determine rapidly the radiation doses received by a large number of people, methods for alleviating acute hematological radiation injuries, and therapies for mitigation and treatment of chronic radiation injuries. Research done to date has shown that a realistic medical response plan is scientifically possible, but the regulatory and financial barriers to achieving this may currently be insurmountable.

An Overview of ISS Human Research Data Sharing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morshedi, Pasha

2015-01-01

This presentation is an attempt to clarify several aspects of the current procedures, tools, and challenges of human data sharing for ISS flight activities. There are several binary variables to consider with respect to human spaceflight data sharing: Medical vs. Research, Active Flight vs. Non-Flight, Tactical vs. Supplemental, Prospective vs. Retrospective. This presentation will address each of these variables and how they determine which processes and mechanisms are used both to document and facilitate human data sharing. Some of these variables will likely be so obvious that they induce eye rolls. Please bear with us. We're trying to make these slides fairly rudimentary for a wide, (eventually) international audience. Other distinctions are made if data originated from a NASA vs. IP crewmember. Those distinctions will be made apparent when needed.

7 CFR 400.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... practices. (f) CPA Audit means a professional examination conducted by a CPA in accordance with generally... professional opinion respecting the fairness of presentation of the Financial Statement. (g) Current Assets... Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and reflect the financial position in the Statement of Financial...

7 CFR 400.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... practices. (f) CPA Audit means a professional examination conducted by a CPA in accordance with generally... professional opinion respecting the fairness of presentation of the Financial Statement. (g) Current Assets... Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and reflect the financial position in the Statement of Financial...

77 FR 46401 - Large Residential Washers From Mexico: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... events have occurred.\\1\\ \\1\\ See Large Residential Washers From the Republic of Korea and Mexico... if, in the event of an affirmative preliminary determination, a request for such postponement is made... the event of a negative preliminary determination, a request for such postponement is made by the...

76 FR 26686 - Frontseating Service Valves from the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Results of the 2008...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-09

... Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Final Negative Determination of Critical Circumstances, 74 FR..., and Affirmative Critical Circumstances, In Part: Certain Lined Paper Products From the People's Republic of China, 71 FR 53079 (September 8, 2006) (``Lined Paper from the PRC''); Final Determination of...

77 FR 75980 - Steel Wire Garment Hangers From the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Final Determination of Sales...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-552-812] Steel Wire Garment Hangers... less than fair value (``LTFV'') in the antidumping investigation of steel wire garment hangers from the... Determination of sales at LTFV. We continue to determine that steel wire garment hangers from Vietnam are being...

75 FR 28560 - Prestressed Concrete Steel Wire Strand From the People's Republic of China: Final Determination...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-21

... Wire Strand From the People's Republic of China: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value... Steel Wire Strand From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than... Antidumping Duty Investigation of Prestressed Concrete Steel Wire Strand From the People's Republic of China...

78 FR 75544 - Prestressed Concrete Steel Rail Tie Wire From Mexico: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-12

... Rail Tie Wire From Mexico: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Postponement...'') preliminarily determines that prestressed concrete steel rail tie wire (``PC tie wire'') from Mexico is being... covered by this investigation is high carbon steel wire; stress relieved or low relaxation; indented or...

78 FR 75547 - Prestressed Concrete Steel Rail Tie Wire From Thailand: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Not...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-12

... Rail Tie Wire From Thailand: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Not Less Than Fair Value and...'') preliminarily determines that prestressed concrete steel rail tire wire (``PC tie wire'') from Thailand is not... Investigation The product covered by this investigation is high carbon steel wire; stress relieved or low...

Effective shielding to measure beam current from an ion source

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bayle, H., E-mail: bayle@bergoz.com; Delferrière, O.; Gobin, R.

To avoid saturation, beam current transformers must be shielded from solenoid, quad, and RFQ high stray fields. Good understanding of field distribution, shielding materials, and techniques is required. Space availability imposes compact shields along the beam pipe. This paper describes compact effective concatenated magnetic shields for IFMIF-EVEDA LIPAc LEBT and MEBT and for FAIR Proton Linac injector. They protect the ACCT Current Transformers beyond 37 mT radial external fields. Measurements made at Saclay on the SILHI source are presented.

19 CFR 207.18 - Notice of preliminary determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Notice of preliminary determination. 207.18 Section 207.18 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION NONADJUDICATIVE INVESTIGATIONS INVESTIGATIONS OF WHETHER INJURY TO DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES RESULTS FROM IMPORTS SOLD AT LESS THAN FAIR VALUE OR FROM...

29 CFR 99.500 - Scope of audit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Secretary of Labor AUDITS OF STATES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Auditors § 99.500 Scope...) Financial statements. The auditor shall determine whether the financial statements of the auditee are... auditor shall also determine whether the schedule of expenditures of Federal awards is presented fairly in...

29 CFR 99.500 - Scope of audit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Secretary of Labor AUDITS OF STATES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Auditors § 99.500 Scope...) Financial statements. The auditor shall determine whether the financial statements of the auditee are... auditor shall also determine whether the schedule of expenditures of Federal awards is presented fairly in...

KSC-99pp1232

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-20

Center Director Roy Bridges stops to pet one of the dogs that serves with Canine Companions for Independence, a vendor displaying its capabilities at the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG) 1999 Technology Fair being held Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. Standing at the right is Carol Cavanaugh, with KSC Public Services; behind Bridges is Nancie Strott (left), a multi-media specialist with Dynacs and chairperson of the Fair, and Sterling Walker (right), director of Engineering Development and chairman of DAAWG. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, "Opening Doors to Ability." Some of the other vendors participating are Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services

KSC-2009-1827

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-24

VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. -- NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory and its Taurus booster lift off Feb. 24 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California at 4:55 a.m. EST. A contingency was declared a few minutes later and the satellite failed to reach orbit after liftoff. Preliminary indications are that the fairing on the Taurus XL launch vehicle failed to separate. The fairing is a clamshell structure that encapsulates the satellite as it travels through the atmosphere. A Mishap Investigation Board is being set up to determine the cause of the launch failure. Photo courtesy of Orbital Sciences

The Effect of Power Sources Used by Lecturers in Class Management on the Pre-Service Teachers' Perceptions of Fairness Regarding Their Learning Environment = Ögretim Elemanlarinin Sinif Yönetiminde Kullandiklari Güç Kaynaklarinin Ögretmen Adaylarinin Ögrenme Ortamlarina Yönelik Adalet Algilarina Etkisi

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hosgörür, Tugba; Yorulmaz, Yilmaz Ilker

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the power sources used by lecturers in class management on pre-service teachers' perceptions of fairness regarding their learning environment. The sample of the study, which was designed in the correlational survey model, consists of 455 pre-service teachers studying at Mugla Sitki Kocman…

Novel Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with G-Like States and Bell States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Min, Shi-Qi; Chen, Hua-Ying; Gong, Li-Hua

2018-03-01

A significant aspect of quantum cryptography is quantum key agreement (QKA), which ensures the security of key agreement protocols by quantum information theory. The fairness of an absolute security multi-party quantum key agreement (MQKA) protocol demands that all participants can affect the protocol result equally so as to establish a shared key and that nobody can determine the shared key by himself/herself. We found that it is difficult for the existing multi-party quantum key agreement protocol to withstand the collusion attacks. Put differently, it is possible for several cooperated and untruthful participants to determine the final key without being detected. To address this issue, based on the entanglement swapping between G-like state and Bell states, a new multi-party quantum key agreement protocol is put forward. The proposed protocol makes full use of EPR pairs as quantum resources, and adopts Bell measurement and unitary operation to share a secret key. Besides, the proposed protocol is fair, secure and efficient without involving a third party quantum center. It demonstrates that the protocol is capable of protecting users' privacy and meeting the requirement of fairness. Moreover, it is feasible to carry out the protocol with existing technologies.

Novel Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with G-Like States and Bell States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Min, Shi-Qi; Chen, Hua-Ying; Gong, Li-Hua

2018-06-01

A significant aspect of quantum cryptography is quantum key agreement (QKA), which ensures the security of key agreement protocols by quantum information theory. The fairness of an absolute security multi-party quantum key agreement (MQKA) protocol demands that all participants can affect the protocol result equally so as to establish a shared key and that nobody can determine the shared key by himself/herself. We found that it is difficult for the existing multi-party quantum key agreement protocol to withstand the collusion attacks. Put differently, it is possible for several cooperated and untruthful participants to determine the final key without being detected. To address this issue, based on the entanglement swapping between G-like state and Bell states, a new multi-party quantum key agreement protocol is put forward. The proposed protocol makes full use of EPR pairs as quantum resources, and adopts Bell measurement and unitary operation to share a secret key. Besides, the proposed protocol is fair, secure and efficient without involving a third party quantum center. It demonstrates that the protocol is capable of protecting users' privacy and meeting the requirement of fairness. Moreover, it is feasible to carry out the protocol with existing technologies.

Child food insecurity increases risks posed by household food insecurity to young children's health.

PubMed

Cook, John T; Frank, Deborah A; Levenson, Suzette M; Neault, Nicole B; Heeren, Tim C; Black, Maurine M; Berkowitz, Carol; Casey, Patrick H; Meyers, Alan F; Cutts, Diana B; Chilton, Mariana

2006-04-01

The US Food Security Scale (USFSS) measures household and child food insecurity (CFI) separately. Our goal was to determine whether CFI increases risks posed by household food insecurity (HFI) to child health and whether the Food Stamp Program (FSP) modifies these effects. From 1998 to 2004, 17,158 caregivers of children ages 36 mo were interviewed in six urban medical centers. Interviews included demographics, the USFSS, child health status, and hospitalization history. Ten percent reported HFI, 12% HFI and CFI (H&CFI). Compared with food-secure children, those with HFI had significantly greater adjusted odds of fair/poor health and being hospitalized since birth, and those with H&CFI had even greater adverse effects. Participation in the FSP modified the effects of FI on child health status and hospitalizations, reducing, but not eliminating, them. Children in FSP-participating households that were HFI had lower adjusted odds of fair/poor health [1.37 (95% CI, 1.06-1.77)] than children in similar non-FSP households [1.61 (95% CI, 1.31-1.98)]. Children in FSP-participating households that were H&CFI also had lower adjusted odds of fair/poor health [1.72 (95% CI, 1.34-2.21)] than in similar non-FSP households [2.14 (95% CI, 1.81-2.54)]. HFI is positively associated with fair/poor health and hospitalizations in young children. With H&CFI, odds of fair/poor health and hospitalizations are even greater. Participation in FSP reduces, but does not eliminate, effects of FI on fair/poor health.

Violations of service fairness and legal ramifications: the case of the managed care industry.

PubMed

Chan, M

2002-04-01

Adapted from Chan's (2000) model depicting success of litigation, this paper argues that with the application of various legislation, health maintenance organizations' (HMOs') violations of service fairness to each group: enrollees, physicians, and hospitals give rise to each group's lawsuits against the HMOs. Various authors (Bowen et al., 1999; Seiders and Berry, 1998) indicate that justice concepts such as distributive, procedural, and interactional justice can be applied to the area of service fairness. The violation of these underlying justice principles with HMOs' service unfairness to enrollees, physicians, and hospitals is examined. A general synopsis of the ethical issues in the managed care industry is provided. The various lawsuits launched by each group: enrollees, physicians, and hospitals together with the key statutes used are discussed. This paper also highlights the provisions and ramifications of the 11 April 2000 landmark agreement that Aetna made with Texas Attorney General John Cornyn to settle the 1998 lawsuit brought against the company. Lastly, the current ethical issues in the managed care industry are further discussed. The value of this paper can be adapted to the study of organizations' service fairness violations in other industries or in the educational, governmental, and not-for-profit sectors both nationally and internationally.

Trait-level temporal lobe hypoactivation to social exclusion in unaffected siblings of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders

PubMed Central

Bolling, Danielle Z.; Pelphrey, Kevin A.; Vander Wyk, Brent C.

2015-01-01

Social exclusion elicits powerful feelings of negative affect associated with rejection. Additionally, experiencing social exclusion reliably recruits neural circuitry associated with emotion processing. Recent work has demonstrated abnormal neural responses to social exclusion in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it remains unknown to what extent these abnormalities are due to atypical social experiences versus genetic predispositions to atypical neural processing. To address this question, the current study investigated brain responses to social exclusion compared to a baseline condition of fair play in unaffected siblings of youth with ASD using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We identified common deviations between unaffected siblings and ASD probands that might represent trait-level abnormalities in processing social exclusion versus fair play, specifically in the right anterior temporoparietal junction extending into posterior superior temporal sulcus. Thus, hypoactivation to social exclusion versus fair play in this region may represent a shared genetic vulnerability to developing autism. In addition, we present evidence supporting the idea that one’s status as an unaffected sibling moderates the relationship between IQ and neural activation to social exclusion versus fair play in anterior cingulate cortex. These results are discussed in the context of previous literature on neural endophenotypes of autism. PMID:26011751

The War Crimes Act: Current Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-02

divided into three overlapping categories: (1) defense of entrapment by estoppel , available when a defendant is informed by a government official that...defenses, the defense of entrapment by estoppel stems from the due process notions of fairness, rather than from common law concerning contract, equity

Students' Reactions to Course Policy Decisions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Sarah F.; Jenkins, Jade S.; Barber, Larissa K.

2016-01-01

Classroom management involves managing students' requests for course policy changes. Instructors can adhere to the course policies or convey flexibility through making an exception for the student. The current study empirically examines students' emotional reactions (hostility, guilt, and surprise) and fairness perceptions to course policy…

Needs and Wants. The Iconoclast.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McMurtry, John

1997-01-01

Sharply criticizes current free market practices especially in light of the globalization of capitalism. Maintains that a laissez-faire approach to the allocation of resources and consumer choices is no longer relevant in a world defined by an increasing disparity between rich and poor. (MJP)

A slotted cathodic protection system for bridge decks.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-01

A non-overlay, slotted cathodic protection system was installed two years ago on a concrete bridge deck in Virginia. The design, installation, and operation of this system are fairly straightforward. A protective current density of 1.6 mA/ft (17 mA...

17 CFR 190.10 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... under this part shall be directed to the Washington, DC headquarters of the Commission (Three Lafayette... IT FOR REASONS OF FAIR NOTICE UNRELATED TO THIS COMPANY'S CURRENT FINANCIAL CONDITION. 1. YOU SHOULD KNOW THAT IN THE UNLIKELY EVENT OF THIS COMPANY'S BANKRUPTCY, PROPERTY, INCLUDING PROPERTY SPECIFICALLY...

Time to Talk: 5 Things To Know About Chronic Low-Back Pain and Complementary Health Practices

MedlinePlus

... even debilitating, and difficult to treat. Spinal manipulation, acupuncture, massage and yoga are complementary health approaches often ... and physical therapists. There is fair evidence that acupuncture is helpful in relieving chronic back pain. Current ...

Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles as drug carriers for levothyroxine sodium with in vitro drug delivery kinetic characterization.

PubMed

Rostami, E; Kashanian, S; Azandaryani, A H

2014-05-01

The aim of this work was to produce and characterize solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing levothyroxine sodium for oral administration, and to evaluate the kinetic release of these colloidal carriers. SLNs were prepared by microemulsion method. The particle size and zeta potential of levothyroxine sodium-loaded SLNs were determined to be around 153 nm,-43 mV (negatively charged), respectively by photon correlation spectroscopy. The levothyroxine entrapment efficiency was over 98%. Shape and surface morphology were determined by TEM and SEM. They revealed fairly spherical shape of nanoparticles.SLN formulation was stable over a period of 6 months. There were no significant changes in particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency, indicating that the developed SLNs were fairly stable.

Field-testing ecological and economic benefits of coffee certification programs.

PubMed

Philpott, Stacy M; Bichier, Peter; Rice, Robert; Greenberg, Russell

2007-08-01

Coffee agroecosystems are critical to the success of conservation efforts in Latin America because of their ecological and economic importance. Coffee certification programs may offer one way to protect biodiversity and maintain farmer livelihoods. Established coffee certification programs fall into three distinct, but not mutually exclusive categories: organic, fair trade, and shade. The results of previous studies demonstrate that shade certification can benefit biodiversity, but it remains unclear whether a farmer's participation in any certification program can provide both ecological and economic benefits. To assess the value of coffee certification for conservation efforts in the region, we examined economic and ecological aspects of coffee production for eight coffee cooperatives in Chiapas, Mexico, that were certified organic, certified organic and fair trade, or uncertified. We compared vegetation and ant and bird diversity in coffee farms and forests, and interviewed farmers to determine coffee yield, gross revenue from coffee production, and area in coffee production. Although there are no shade-certified farms in the study region, we used vegetation data to determine whether cooperatives would qualify for shade certification. We found no differences in vegetation characteristics, ant or bird species richness, or fraction of forest fauna in farms based on certification. Farmers with organic and organic and fair-trade certification had more land under cultivation and in some cases higher revenue than uncertified farmers. Coffee production area did not vary among farm types. No cooperative passed shade-coffee certification standards because the plantations lacked vertical stratification, yet vegetation variables for shade certification significantly correlated with ant and bird diversity. Although farmers in the Chiapas highlands with organic and/or fair-trade certification may reap some economic benefits from their certification status, their farms may not protect as much biodiversity as shade-certified farms. Working toward triple certification (organic, fair trade, and shade) at the farm level may enhance biodiversity protection, increase benefits to farmers, and lead to more successful conservation strategies in coffee-growing regions.

19 CFR 207.29 - Publication of notice of determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Publication of notice of determination. 207.29 Section 207.29 Customs Duties UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION NONADJUDICATIVE INVESTIGATIONS INVESTIGATIONS OF WHETHER INJURY TO DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES RESULTS FROM IMPORTS SOLD AT LESS THAN FAIR VALUE OR FROM...

46 CFR 382.3 - Determination of fair and reasonable rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... capitalized improvements, shall be depreciated on a straight-line basis over a 20-year economic life, except... equal installments over the economic life of the vessels as determined in accordance with paragraph (b... that the vessel's constructed net book value, less outstanding constructed principal, is equity. The...

46 CFR 382.3 - Determination of fair and reasonable rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... capitalized improvements, shall be depreciated on a straight-line basis over a 20-year economic life, except... equal installments over the economic life of the vessels as determined in accordance with paragraph (b... that the vessel's constructed net book value, less outstanding constructed principal, is equity. The...

76 FR 68148 - Certain Stilbenic Optical Brightening Agents From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-03

... determined that Philippines, Indonesia, Ukraine, Thailand, Colombia, and South Africa are countries... Flat-Rolled Carbon-Quality Steel Products from the Russian Federation, 65 FR 5510, 5518 (February 4...\\ See Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Certain Cold-Rolled Carbon Quality Steel...

24 CFR 576.51 - Matching funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... time contributed by volunteers shall be determined at the rate of $5 per hour. For purposes of this paragraph, the grantee will determine the value of any donated material or building, or of any lease, using a method reasonably calculated to establish a fair market value. [61 FR 51552, Oct. 2, 1996, as...

24 CFR 576.51 - Matching funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... time contributed by volunteers shall be determined at the rate of $5 per hour. For purposes of this paragraph, the grantee will determine the value of any donated material or building, or of any lease, using a method reasonably calculated to establish a fair market value. [61 FR 51552, Oct. 2, 1996, as...

Determining the Supply of Material Resources for High-Rise Construction: Scenario Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minnullina, Anna; Vasiliev, Vladimir

2018-03-01

This article presents a multi-criteria approach to determining the supply of material resources for high-rise construction under certain and uncertain conditions, which enables integrating a number of existing models into a fairly compact generalised economic and mathematical model developed for two extreme scenarios.

77 FR 7655 - Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: “Inventing the Modern...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-13

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE [Public Notice 7795] Culturally Significant Objects Imported for Exhibition Determinations: ``Inventing the Modern World: Decorative Arts at the World's Fairs, 1851-1939'' SUMMARY: Notice... objects to be included in the exhibition ``Inventing the Modern World: Decorative Arts at the World's...

40 CFR 33.405 - How does a recipient determine its fair share objectives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE PARTICIPATION BY DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISES IN UNITED STATES... Business Pattern (CBP) database, determine the number of all qualified businesses available in the market... the number of all businesses to derive a base figure for the relative availability of MBEs and WBEs in...

From the Sylvia Plath Effect to Social Justice: Moving Forward With Creativity.

PubMed

Kaufman, James C

2017-05-01

The author contrasts an early research passion, creativity and mental illness, with his current interest in creativity and social justice. Kaufman's initial research revolved around the Sylvia Plath Effect, yet was insensitive to broader implications or concerns. As his thinking about creativity has evolved, he is currently more focused on a more positive use for creativity - namely, how creativity can help issues of fairness and equity.

Does fair play reduce concussions? A prospective, comparative analysis of competitive youth hockey tournaments.

PubMed

Smith, Aynsley M; Gaz, Daniel V; Larson, Dirk; Jorgensen, Janelle K; Eickhoff, Chad; Krause, David A; Fenske, Brooke M; Aney, Katie; Hansen, Ashley A; Nanos, Stephanie M; Stuart, Michael J

2016-01-01

To determine if Boys Bantam and Peewee and Girls U14 sustain fewer concussions, head hits, 'other injuries' and penalties in hockey tournaments governed by intensified fair play (IFP) than non-intensified fair play (NIFP). A prospective comparison of IFP, a behaviour modification programme that promotes sportsmanship, versus control (non-intensified, NIFP) effects on numbers of diagnosed concussions, head hits without diagnosed concussion (HHWDC), 'other injuries', number of penalties and fair play points (FPPs). 1514 players, ages 11-14 years, in 6 IFP (N=950) and 5 NIFP (N=564) tournaments were studied. Two diagnosed concussions, four HHWDC, and six 'other injuries' occurred in IFP tournaments compared to one concussion, eight HHWDC and five 'other injuries' in NIFP. There were significantly fewer HHWDC in IFP than NIFP (p=0.018). However, diagnosed concussions, 'other injuries', penalties and FPPs did not differ significantly between conditions. In IFP, a minority of teams forfeited the majority of FPPs. Most diagnosed concussions, HHWDC, and other injuries occurred to Bantam B players and usually in penalised teams that forfeited their FPPs. In response to significant differences in HHWDC between IFP and NIFP tournaments, the following considerations are encouraged: mandatory implementation of fair play in regular season and tournaments, empowering tournament directors to not accept heavily penalised teams, and introducing 'no body checking' in Bantam.

New experimental developments for s- and p-process research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reifarth, R.; Ershova, O.; Glorius, J.; Göbel, K.; Langer, C.; Meusel, O.; Plag, R.; Schmidt, S.; Sonnabend, K.; Heil, M.

2012-12-01

Almost all of the heavy elements are produced via neutron-induced processes in a multitude of stellar production sites. The remaining minor part is produced via photon- and proton-induced reactions. The predictive power of the underlying stellar models is currently limited because they contain poorly constrained physics components such as convection, rotation or magnetic fields. An important tool to determine such components is the comparison of observed with modeled abundance distributions based on improved nuclear physics input. The FRANZ facility at the Goethe University Frankfurt, which is currently under construction will provide unprecedented neutron fluxes and proton currents available for nuclear astrophysics. It will be possible to investigate important branchpoint nuclei of the s-process nucleosynthesis path and proton-induced reactions important for p-process modeling. At the GSI close to Darmstadt radioactive isotopes can be investigated in inverse kinematics. This allows experiments such as proton-induced cross section measurements using a heavy-ion storage ring or measurements of gamma-induced reactions using the Coulomb dissociation method. The future FAIR facility will allow similar experiments on very exotic nuclei, since orders of magnitude higher radioactive ions beams will be possible.

When can efforts to control nuisance and invasive species backfire?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Zipkin, E.F.; Kraft, C.E.; Cooch, E.G.; Sullivan, P.J.

2009-01-01

Population control through harvest has the potential to reduce the abundance of nuisance and invasive species. However, demographic structure and density-dependent processes can confound removal efforts and lead to undesirable consequences, such as overcompensation (an increase in abundance in response to harvest) and instability (population cycling or chaos). Recent empirical studies have demonstrated the potential for increased mortality (such as that caused by harvest) to lead to overcompensation and instability in plant, insect, and fish populations. We developed a general population model with juvenile and adult stages to help determine the conditions under which control harvest efforts can produce unintended outcomes. Analytical and simulation analyses of the model demonstrated that the potential for overcompensation as a result of harvest was significant for species with high fecundity, even when annual stage-specific survivorship values were fairly low. Population instability as a result of harvest occurred less frequently and was only possible with harvest strategies that targeted adults when both fecundity and adult survivorship were high. We considered these results in conjunction with current literature on nuisance and invasive species to propose general guidelines for assessing the risks associated with control harvest based on life history characteristics of target populations. Our results suggest that species with high per capita fecundity (over discrete breeding periods), short juvenile stages, and fairly constant survivorship rates are most likely to respond undesirably to harvest. It is difficult to determine the extent to which overcompensation and instability could occur during real-world removal efforts, and more empirical removal studies should be undertaken to evaluate population-level responses to control harvests. Nevertheless, our results identify key issues that have been seldom acknowledged and are potentially generic across taxa. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society ot America.

When can efforts to control nuisance and invasive species backfire?

PubMed

Zipkin, Elise F; Kraft, Clifford E; Cooch, Evan G; Sullivan, Patrick J

2009-09-01

Population control through harvest has the potential to reduce the abundance of nuisance and invasive species. However, demographic structure and density-dependent processes can confound removal efforts and lead to undesirable consequences, such as overcompensation (an increase in abundance in response to harvest) and instability (population cycling or chaos). Recent empirical studies have demonstrated the potential for increased mortality (such as that caused by harvest) to lead to overcompensation and instability in plant, insect, and fish populations. We developed a general population model with juvenile and adult stages to help determine the conditions under which control harvest efforts can produce unintended outcomes. Analytical and simulation analyses of the model demonstrated that the potential for overcompensation as a result of harvest was significant for species with high fecundity, even when annual stage-specific survivorship values were fairly low. Population instability as a result of harvest occurred less frequently and was only possible with harvest strategies that targeted adults when both fecundity and adult survivorship were high. We considered these results in conjunction with current literature on nuisance and invasive species to propose general guidelines for assessing the risks associated with control harvest based on life history characteristics of target populations. Our results suggest that species with high per capita fecundity (over discrete breeding periods), short juvenile stages, and fairly constant survivorship rates are most likely to respond undesirably to harvest. It is difficult to determine the extent to which overcompensation and instability could occur during real-world removal efforts, and more empirical removal studies should be undertaken to evaluate population-level responses to control harvests. Nevertheless, our results identify key issues that have been seldom acknowledged and are potentially generic across taxa.

Creating change in government to address the social determinants of health: how can efforts be improved?

PubMed

Carey, Gemma; Crammond, Brad; Keast, Robyn

2014-10-20

The evidence base for the impact of social determinants of health has been strengthened considerably in the last decade. Increasingly, the public health field is using this as a foundation for arguments and actions to change government policies. The Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach, alongside recommendations from the 2010 Marmot Review into health inequalities in the UK (which we refer to as the 'Fairness Agenda'), go beyond advocating for the redesign of individual policies, to shaping the government structures and processes that facilitate the implementation of these policies. In doing so, public health is drawing on recent trends in public policy towards 'joined up government', where greater integration is sought between government departments, agencies and actors outside of government. In this paper we provide a meta-synthesis of the empirical public policy research into joined up government, drawing out characteristics associated with successful joined up initiatives.We use this thematic synthesis as a basis for comparing and contrasting emerging public health interventions concerned with joined-up action across government. We find that HiAP and the Fairness Agenda exhibit some of the characteristics associated with successful joined up initiatives, however they also utilise 'change instruments' that have been found to be ineffective. Moreover, we find that - like many joined up initiatives - there is room for improvement in the alignment between the goals of the interventions and their design. Drawing on public policy studies, we recommend a number of strategies to increase the efficacy of current interventions. More broadly, we argue that up-stream interventions need to be 'fit-for-purpose', and cannot be easily replicated from one context to the next.

[Debate and challenges on the topic of free medical care in Africa: "Back to the Future"?].

PubMed

Ridde, Valéry; Blanchet, Karl

2009-01-01

In its 2008 annual report, WHO affirmed the importance of resisting the temptation to depend on direct payment for primary health care. Members of the WHO committee on the social determinants of health as well as of those at the conference on primary health care in Ouagadougou in 2008 reaffirmed the need to make access to health care systems more equitable. Several decades after imposition of direct payment began, convincing data clearly demonstrate its harmful effects on the basic fairness of access to care. Accordingly, the current debate in the field of financial support for health involves the elimination of payments. More precisely, we can finally say that this is a debate about a return to the free care that existed before the widespread implementation of "cost recovery" systems. Here we want to review these discussions and prepare the ground for a debate on possible effective strategies for making health care systems more equitable from the perspective of universal coverage. We will thus note that analyses today must certainly focus more on how to eliminate direct payments than on the reasons to do so, already amply demonstrated. The international community must now undertake to support governments that want to move in this direction and ensure that the process is thoroughly documented so that it can also produce useful knowledge for the formulation of fair public policies.

Capping the tax exclusion for employment-based health coverage: implications for employers and workers.

PubMed

Fronstin, Paul

2009-01-01

HEALTH CARE TAX CAP: With health reform a major priority of the new 111th Congress and President Barack Obama, this Issue Briefexamines the administrative and implementation issues that arise from one of the major reform proposals: Capping the exclusion of employment-based health coverage from workers' taxable income. The amount that employers contribute toward workers' health coverage is generally excluded, without limit, from workers' taxable income. In addition, workers whose employers sponsor flexible spending accounts are able to pay out-of-pocket expenses with pretax dollars. Employers can also make available a premium conversion arrangement, which allows workers to pay their share of the premium for employment-based coverage with pretax dollars. In 2005, a presidential advisory board concluded that limiting the amount of tax-preferred health coverage could lower overall private-sector health spending. The panel recommended a cap on the amount of employment-based health coverage individuals can exclude from their income tax, as a way to reduce health spending. In his 2008 "Call to Action" for health care reform, Sen. Max Baucus (D-MT), chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, states that "Congress should explore ways to restructure the current tax incentives to encourage more efficient spending on health and to target our tax dollars more effectively and fairly." While a tax cap on health coverage sounds simple, for many employers, it could be difficult to administer and results would vary by employer based on the type of health benefit plan, the size and demographics of their work force, and even where the workers live. The change would be especially difficult for self-insured employers that do not pay insurance premiums, since they would have to set the "premium equivalent" for each worker. This would not only be costly for employers, depending upon the requirements set out by law, but could also create fairness and tax issues for many affected workers. For self-insured employers, calculating insurance premium costs under a tax cap could be done fairly easily using the COBRA premium. However, whether self-insured employers would be able to use the least costly method to determine the value of coverage would have to be determined by law and/or regulations. THE SEC. 89 EXPERIENCE: Sec. 89 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, which attempted to make employee benefits more standard and fair, became so controversial that it was repealed by Congress in 1989--in part because the regulations created regulatory burdens that were so complicated and costly as to be unworkable. Similarly, valuation calculations under a health coverage tax cap could become overly burdensome if the lessons from Sec. 89 are not heeded.

Reliability of conventional shade guides in teeth color determination.

PubMed

Todorović, Ana; Todorović, Aleksandar; Gostović, Aleksandra Spadijer; Lazić, Vojkan; Milicić, Biljana; Djurisić, Slobodan

2013-10-01

Color matching in prosthodontic therapy is a very important task because it influences the esthetic value of dental restorations. Visual shade matching represents the most frequently applied method in clinical practice. Instrumental measurements provide objective and quantified data in color assessment of natural teeth and restorations. In instrumental shade analysis, the goal is to achieve the smallest deltaE value possible, indicating the most accurate shade match. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of commercially available ceramic shade guides. VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer (VITA, Germany) was used for instrumental color determination. Utilizing this device, color samples of ten VITA Classical and ten VITA 3D - Master shade guides were analyzed. Each color sample from all shade guides was measured three times and the basic parameters of color quality were examined: deltaL, deltaC, deltaH, deltaE, deltaElc. Based on these parameters spectrophotometer marks the shade matching as good, fair or adjust. After performing 1,248 measurements of ceramic color samples, frequency of evaluations adjust, fair and good were statistically significantly different between VITA Classical and VITA 3D Master shade guides (p = 0.002). There were 27.1% cases scored as adjust, 66.3% as fair and 6.7% as good. In VITA 3D - Master shade guides 30.9% cases were evaluated as adjust, 66.4% as fair and 2.7% cases as good. Color samples from different shade guides, produced by the same manufacturer, show variability in basic color parameters, which once again proves the lack of precision and nonuniformity of the conventional method.

76 FR 1965 - Drill Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-11

... Republic of China; Final Determinations; Notices #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 7 / Tuesday, January...-570-965] Drill Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than... investigation of drill pipe from the People's Republic of China (``PRC'').\\1\\ The period of investigation (``POI...

Effect of noise reducing components on nose landing gear stability for a mid-size aircraft coupled with vortex shedding and freeplay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eret, Petr; Kennedy, John; Bennett, Gareth J.

2015-10-01

In the pursuit of quieter aircraft, significant effort has been dedicated to airframe noise identification and reduction. The landing gear is one of the main sources of airframe noise on approach. The addition of noise abatement technologies such as fairings or wheel hub caps is usually considered to be the simplest solution to reduce this noise. After touchdown, noise abatement components can potentially affect the inherently nonlinear and dynamically complex behaviour (shimmy) of landing gear. Moreover, fairings can influence the aerodynamic load on the system and interact with the mechanical freeplay in the torque link. This paper presents a numerical study of nose landing gear stability for a mid-size aircraft with low noise solutions, which are modelled by an increase of the relevant model structural parameters to address a hypothetical effect of additional fairings and wheel hub caps. The study shows that the wheel hub caps are not a threat to stability. A fairing has a destabilising effect due to the increased moment of inertia of the strut and a stabilising effect due to the increased torsional stiffness of the strut. As the torsional stiffness is dependent on the method of attachment, in situations where the fairing increases the torsional inertia with little increase to the torsional stiffness, a net destabilising effect can result. Alternatively, it is possible that for the case that if the fairing were to increase equally both the torsional stiffness and the moment of inertia of the strut, then their effects could be mutually negated. However, it has been found here that for small and simple fairings, typical of current landing gear noise abatement design, their implementation will not affect the dynamics and stability of the system in an operational range (Fz ≤ 50 000 N, V ≤ 100 m/s). This generalisation is strictly dependent on size and installation methods. The aerodynamic load, which would be influenced by the presence of fairings, was modelled using a simple vortex shedding oscillator acting on the strut. The stability boundary was found to remain unaltered by vortex shedding. Significantly however, the addition of freeplay in the torque link was found to cause shimmy over the more typical operating conditions studied here. Unlike the no-freeplay case, there was a suppressed stabilising effect of increased torsional stiffness of the strut caused by the presence of fairing. No interaction between the vortex shedding and the freeplay on the stability threshold was observed.

The War Crimes Act: Current Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-22

defense of entrapment by estoppel , available when a defendant is informed by a government official that certain conduct is legal, and thereafter...entrapment by estoppel stems from the due process notions of fairness, rather than from common law concerning contract, equity, or agency. United States v

40 CFR 35.6345 - Equipment disposal options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund... concur, keep the equipment and reimburse the Hazardous Substance Superfund for EPA's interest in the... Superfund for EPA's interest in the current fair market value of the equipment, less any reasonable selling...

42 CFR 413.5 - Cost reimbursement: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Rules § 413.5 Cost reimbursement: General. (a) In formulating methods for making fair and equitable... the methods of reimbursement should result in current payment so that institutions will not be... there be sufficient flexibility in the methods of reimbursement to be used, particularly at the...

42 CFR 413.5 - Cost reimbursement: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Rules § 413.5 Cost reimbursement: General. (a) In formulating methods for making fair and equitable... the methods of reimbursement should result in current payment so that institutions will not be... there be sufficient flexibility in the methods of reimbursement to be used, particularly at the...

KSC-99pp1231

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-20

Center Director Roy Bridges (standing, center) poses with members of the Disability Awareness and Action Working Group (DAAWG), which is holding the 1999 Technology Fair Oct. 20-21 at Kennedy Space Center. The Fair is highlighting vendors demonstrating mobility, hearing, vision and silent disability assistive technology. The purpose is to create an awareness of the types of technology currently available to assist people with various disabilities in the workplace. The theme is that of this year's National Disability Employment Awareness Month, "Opening Doors to Ability." Some of the vendors participating are Canine Companions for Independence, Goodwill Industries, Accessible Structures, Division of Blind Services, Space Coast Center for Independent Living, KSC Fitness Center and Delaware North Parks Services

SIRTF Encapsulation

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-04-10

In the launch tower on Launch Complex 17-B, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the first part of the fairing is place around the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). The fairing protects the spacecraft during launch. SIRTF will obtain images and spectra by detecting the infrared energy, or heat, radiated by objects in space. Most of this infrared radiation is blocked by the Earth's atmosphere and cannot be observed from the ground. Consisting of an 0.85-meter telescope and three cryogenically cooled science instruments, SIRTF is one of NASA's largest infrared telescopes to be launched. SIRTF is currently scheduled for launch April 18 aboard a Delta II rocket from Launch Complex 17-B, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

24 CFR 888.420 - One-time Contract Rent determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PROGRAM, SECTION 202 SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY PROGRAM AND SECTION 811 SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES PROGRAM) SECTION 8 HOUSING ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS PROGRAM-FAIR MARKET RENTS AND...

20 CFR 636.2 - Protection of informants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... assure a fair determination of the issues, or where necessary to effectively accomplish responsibilities... Information Act, the Privacy Act and other applicable law. (b) Retaliation prohibited. No person or agency may...

38 CFR 17.241 - Sharing medical information services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... highly trained and qualified members of the medical profession. (c) Use of electronic equipment. Recent... other periodic basis, at rates determined, after appropriate study, to be fair and equitable. The...

38 CFR 17.241 - Sharing medical information services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... highly trained and qualified members of the medical profession. (c) Use of electronic equipment. Recent... other periodic basis, at rates determined, after appropriate study, to be fair and equitable. The...

Wind Tunnel Test Results of Fairings on A.004 Scale Model Rockwell Space Shuttle Integrated Vehicle Aerodynamic Characteristics at Mach Numbers from 0.6 to 4.96 (IA62F)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, E. C.; Hamilton, T.

1974-01-01

Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted on a .004 scale model (34-OTS) orbiter, external tank, and solid rocket booster combined as an integrated vehicle in the NASA/MSFC 14 x 14 inch trisonic wind tunnel. The primary test objective was to determine the effect of a full length orbiter/external tank fairing on axial force. Secondary objectives were to define the static stability characteristics of the mated vehicle configuration with fairings over a Mach number range of 0.6 thru 4.96. Six component aerodynamic force and moment data were recorded over an angle of attack range from -10 deg to 10 deg at 0 deg sideslip angle and from -10 deg to 10 deg sideslip range at 0 deg and 5 deg angle of attack. Plotted and tabular results are presented herein.

How to Fairly Allocate Scarce Medical Resources: Ethical Argumentation under Scrutiny by Health Professionals and Lay People.

PubMed

Krütli, Pius; Rosemann, Thomas; Törnblom, Kjell Y; Smieszek, Timo

2016-01-01

Societies are facing medical resource scarcities, inter alia due to increased life expectancy and limited health budgets and also due to temporal or continuous physical shortages of resources like donor organs. This makes it challenging to meet the medical needs of all. Ethicists provide normative guidance for how to fairly allocate scarce medical resources, but legitimate decisions require additionally information regarding what the general public considers to be fair. The purpose of this study was to explore how lay people, general practitioners, medical students and other health professionals evaluate the fairness of ten allocation principles for scarce medical resources: 'sickest first', 'waiting list', 'prognosis', 'behaviour' (i.e., those who engage in risky behaviour should not be prioritized), 'instrumental value' (e.g., health care workers should be favoured during epidemics), 'combination of criteria' (i.e., a sequence of the 'youngest first', 'prognosis', and 'lottery' principles), 'reciprocity' (i.e., those who provided services to the society in the past should be rewarded), 'youngest first', 'lottery', and 'monetary contribution'. 1,267 respondents to an online questionnaire were confronted with hypothetical situations of scarcity regarding (i) donor organs, (ii) hospital beds during an epidemic, and (iii) joint replacements. Nine allocation principles were evaluated in terms of fairness for each type of scarcity along 7-point Likert scales. The relationship between demographic factors (gender, age, religiosity, political orientation, and health status) and fairness evaluations was modelled with logistic regression. Medical background was a major predictor of fairness evaluations. While general practitioners showed different response patterns for all three allocation situations, the responses by lay people were very similar. Lay people rated 'sickest first' and 'waiting list' on top of all allocation principles-e.g., for donor organs 83.8% (95% CI: [81.2%-86.2%]) rated 'sickest first' as fair ('fair' is represented by scale points 5-7), and 69.5% [66.2%-72.4%] rated 'waiting list' as fair. The corresponding results for general practitioners: 'prognosis' 79.7% [74.2%-84.9%], 'combination of criteria' 72.6% [66.4%-78.5%], and 'sickest first' 74.5% [68.6%-80.1%); these were the highest-rated allocation principles for donor organs allocation. Interestingly, only 44.3% [37.7%-50.9%] of the general practitioners rated 'instrumental value' as fair for the allocation of hospital beds during a flu epidemic. The fairness evaluations by general practitioners obtained for joint replacements: 'sickest first' 84.0% [78.8%-88.6%], 'combination of criteria' 65.6% [59.2%-71.8%], and 'prognosis' 63.7% [57.1%-70.0%]. 'Lottery', 'reciprocity', 'instrumental value', and 'monetary contribution' were considered very unfair allocation principles by both groups. Medical students' ratings were similar to those of general practitioners, and the ratings by other health professionals resembled those of lay people. Results are partly at odds with current conclusions proposed by some ethicists. A number of ethicists reject 'sickest first' and 'waiting list' as morally unjustifiable allocation principles, whereas those allocation principles received the highest fairness endorsements by lay people and to some extent also by health professionals. Decision makers are advised to consider whether or not to give ethicists, health professionals, and the general public an equal voice when attempting to arrive at maximally endorsed allocations of scarce medical resources.

29 CFR 779.323 - Particular industry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... RETAILERS OF GOODS OR SERVICES Exemptions for Certain Retail or Service Establishments ârecognizedâ As...' outlets, by independent tire dealers and by other types of outlets. In these cases, a fair determination...

78 FR 11459 - Implementation of the Fair Housing Act's Discriminatory Effects Standard

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-15

...Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, as amended (Fair Housing Act or Act), prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of dwellings and in other housing-related activities on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, disability, familial status, or national origin.\\1\\ HUD, which is statutorily charged with the authority and responsibility for interpreting and enforcing the Fair Housing Act and with the power to make rules implementing the Act, has long interpreted the Act to prohibit practices with an unjustified discriminatory effect, regardless of whether there was an intent to discriminate. The eleven federal courts of appeals that have ruled on this issue agree with this interpretation. While HUD and every federal appellate court to have ruled on the issue have determined that liability under the Act may be established through proof of discriminatory effects, the statute itself does not specify a standard for proving a discriminatory effects violation. As a result, although HUD and courts are in agreement that practices with discriminatory effects may violate the Fair Housing Act, there has been some minor variation in the application of the discriminatory effects standard. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Statement of fair retribution in medical oaths].

PubMed

Pérez, Marta L; Rancich, Ana M; Gelpi, Ricardo J

2004-01-01

to determine if Medical Oaths from different times include the statement of the physician to request from patients a fair retribution for his/her medical services. Fifty Medical Oaths found in articles and publications were analyzed. In accordance with their corresponding dates, the Oaths were grouped as ancient /medieval (12), and modern/contemporary (38). Of the fifty, only three specifically included the statement of fair retribution. Two of the three were medieval and belonged to the School of Medicine of Montpellier. The other text was modern (Amato Lusitano's Oath). Four writings showed statements regarding medical assistance to the poor. Eleven pledges indirectly stated that no earnings from other activities and/or relations were obtained. Ancient oaths emphasize fair retribution, no discrimination in medical assistance based on payment possibilities, and gain of honest earnings. Modern oaths generally do not include these topics and very few mention that the medical profession should not be exercised merely for material purposes. Despite the above, physicians should respect the limits of their obligations and should be committed to assist without discriminating, particularly without taking into consideration their patient's financial possibilities. Therefore their fees should not be excessive for the services rendered.

From the Sylvia Plath Effect to Social Justice: Moving Forward With Creativity

PubMed Central

Kaufman, James C.

2017-01-01

The author contrasts an early research passion, creativity and mental illness, with his current interest in creativity and social justice. Kaufman’s initial research revolved around the Sylvia Plath Effect, yet was insensitive to broader implications or concerns. As his thinking about creativity has evolved, he is currently more focused on a more positive use for creativity – namely, how creativity can help issues of fairness and equity. PMID:28580020

Investigation of an Outbreak of Variant Influenza A(H3N2) Virus Infection Associated With an Agricultural Fair-Ohio, August 2012.

PubMed

Greenbaum, Adena; Quinn, Celia; Bailer, Jennifer; Su, Su; Havers, Fiona; Durand, Lizette O; Jiang, Victoria; Page, Shannon; Budd, Jeremy; Shaw, Michael; Biggerstaff, Matthew; de Fijter, Sietske; Smith, Kathleen; Reed, Carrie; Epperson, Scott; Brammer, Lynnette; Feltz, Dave; Sohner, Kevin; Ford, Jared; Jain, Seema; Gargiullo, Paul; Weiss, Edward; Burg, Pat; DiOrio, Mary; Fowler, Brian; Finelli, Lyn; Jhung, Michael A

2015-11-15

In 2012, one third of cases in a multistate outbreak of variant influenza A(H3N2) virus ([H3N2]v) infection occurred in Ohio. We conducted an investigation of (H3N2)v cases associated with agricultural Fair A in Ohio. We surveyed Fair A swine exhibitors and their household members. Confirmed cases had influenza-like illness (ILI) and a positive laboratory test for (H3N2)v, and probable cases had ILI. We calculated attack rates. We determined risk factors for infection, using multivariable log-binomial regression. We identified 20 confirmed and 94 probable cases associated with Fair A. Among 114 cases, the median age was 10 years, there were no hospitalizations or deaths, and 82% had swine exposure. In the exhibitor household cohort of 359 persons (83 households), we identified 6 confirmed cases (2%) and 40 probable cases (11%). An age of <10 years was a significant risk factor (P < .01) for illness. One instance of likely human-to-human transmission was identified. In this (H3N2)v outbreak, no evidence of sustained human-to-human (H3N2)v transmission was found. Our risk factor analysis contributed to the development of the recommendation that people at increased risk of influenza-associated complications, including children aged <5 years, avoid swine barns at fairs during the 2012 fair season. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2015. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

78 FR 79670 - Steel Threaded Rod From Thailand: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-31

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-549-831] Steel Threaded Rod From... ``Department'') preliminarily determines that steel threaded rod from Thailand is being, or is likely to be... Investigation The merchandise covered by this investigation is steel threaded rod. Steel threaded rod is certain...

17 CFR 256.01-5 - Determination of service cost accounting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... accounting. Service at cost and fair allocation of costs require, first of all, an accurate accounting for... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of service cost accounting. 256.01-5 Section 256.01-5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION...

29 CFR 780.109 - Determination of whether unlisted activities are “farming.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... involve a consideration of the principles contained in § 780.104. For example, fish farming activities... FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Farming in All Its Branches § 780.109 Determination of whether unlisted activities are “farming.” Unlike the specifically enumerated operations, the...

78 FR 75545 - Prestressed Concrete Steel Rail Tie Wire From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-12

... Rail Tie Wire From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair... (``Department'') preliminarily determines that prestressed concrete steel rail tie wire (``PC tie wire'') from... steel wire; stress relieved or low relaxation; indented or otherwise deformed; meeting at a minimum the...

76 FR 73589 - Galvanized Steel Wire From the People's Republic of China: Amended Preliminary Determination of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-975] Galvanized Steel Wire From... galvanized steel wire from the People's Republic of China (``PRC'').\\1\\ We are amending our Preliminary... Fair Value and Postponement of Final Determination: Galvanized Steel Wire from the People's Republic of...

Internal Controls and Compliance With Laws and Regulations for the DOD Consolidated Financial Statements for FY 1996

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-06-30

The primary audit objective was to determine whether the DoD Consolidated Financial Statements for FY 1996 were presented fairly in accordance with...In addition, we determined whether controls were adequate to ensure that the DoD consolidated financial statements were free of material error. We

77 FR 32562 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-01

...: Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bars From Poland, Indonesia, and Ukraine, 66 FR 8343, 8346 (January 30, 2001) (unchanged in Notice of Final Determinations of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Steel Concrete Reinforcing..., heat exchangers, refining furnaces and feedwater heaters, whether or not cold drawn; (b) finished...

77 FR 64475 - Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Circular Welded Carbon-Quality...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-22

...) (Preliminary Determination). On June 12, 2012, respondent Universal Tube and Plastic Industries, Ltd. (UTP-JA... Universal Tube and Plastic Industries, Ltd. in the Antidumping Duty Investigation of Circular Welded Carbon... Verification of Universal Tube and Plastic Industries, Ltd. (UTP-JA) and Its Home Market Affiliates...

The War Crimes Act: Current Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-23

conduct was legal. These defenses can be divided into three overlapping categories: (1) defense of entrapment by estoppel , available when a defendant is...18 (11th Cir. 1994). Unlike the other defenses, the defense of entrapment by estoppel stems from the due process notions of fairness, rather than

Rewards and Supports

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hershberg, Theodore; Robertson-Kraft, Claire

2010-01-01

Pay-for-performance systems in public schools have long been burdened with controversy. Critics of performance pay systems contend that because teachers' impact cannot be measured without error, it is impossible to create fair and accurate systems for evaluating and rewarding performance. By this standard, however, current practice fails on both…

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS: LETS GET HONEST ABOUT SCIENCE, POLICY, AND ADVOCACY

EPA Science Inventory

Those of us who are involved in undergraduate education should change the current situation where many, arguably most, students graduating from environmental programs have a limited appreciation of the proper role of science in ecological policy deliberations. To be fair, perhap...

What scientists want from their research ethics committee.

PubMed

Keith-Spiegel, Patricia; Tabachnick, Barbara

2006-03-01

Whereas investigators have directed considerable criticism against Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), the desirable characteristics of IRBs have not previously been empirically determined. A sample of 886 experienced biomedical and social and behavioral scientists rated 45 descriptors of IRB actions and functions as to their importance. Predictions derived from organizational justice research findings in other work settings were generally borne out. Investigators place high value on the fairness and respectful consideration of their IRBs. Expected differences between biomedical and social behavioral researchers and other variables were unfounded. Recommendations are offered for educating IRBs to accord researchers greater respect and fair treatment.

Bridging a High School Science Fair Experience with First Year Undergraduate Research: Using the E-SPART Analyzer to Determine Electrostatic Charge Properties of Compositionally Varied Rock Dust Particles as Terrestrial Analogues to Mars Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scott, A. G.; Williams, W. J. W.; Mazumder, M. K.; Biris, A.; Srirama, P. K.

2005-01-01

NASA missions to Mars confirm presence of surficial particles, as well as dramatic periods of aeolian reworking. Dust deposition on, or infiltration into, exploration equipment such as spacecraft, robotic explorers, solar panel power supplies, and even spacesuits, can pose significant problems such as diminished power collection, short circuits / discharges, and added weight. We report results conducted initially as a science fair project and a study now part of a first year University undergraduate research experience.

Patient autonomy and the regulation of direct-to-consumer advertising.

PubMed

Zachry, W M; Ginsburg, D B

2001-12-01

The current direction of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) policy on direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceuticals is a subject of debate. The literature addresses the benefits and drawbacks of DTCA, but the foundations for such policies have not been investigated in detail. This paper explores the most recent FDA guidance on broadcast DTCA based on a critical examination of the principle of autonomy. Autonomy is determined not by the ability to choose a therapy, but by the ability to actively participate in choices about health care. DTCA can be an effective tool to increase patient awareness of their therapeutic choices, encourage patients to seek more information, and help them draw closer to autonomous choices, but only if the presentations provide fair and balanced information on the benefits and risks of therapy.

The 2013 Dade W. Moeller Lecture: Medical Countermeasures Against Radiological Terrorism

PubMed Central

Moulder, John E.

2014-01-01

Soon after the 9–11 attacks, politicians and scientists began to question our ability to cope with a large-scale radiological terrorism incident. The outline of what was needed was fairly obvious: the ability to prevent such an attack; methods to cope with the medical consequences; the ability to clean up afterwards; and the tools to figure out who perpetrated the attack and bring them to justice. The medical response needed three components: the technology to rapidly determine the radiation doses received by a large number of people, methods for alleviating acute hematological radiation injuries, and therapies for mitigation and treatment of chronic radiation injuries. Research done to date has shown that a realistic medical response plan is scientifically possible, but the regulatory and financial barriers to achieving this may currently be insurmountable. PMID:24978287

48 CFR 19.1103 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... waived the evaluation adjustment; or (2) An otherwise successful offer from a historically black college... adjustment, to be made at a price that exceeds fair market price by more than the factor as determined by the...

48 CFR 19.1103 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... waived the evaluation adjustment; or (2) An otherwise successful offer from a historically black college... adjustment, to be made at a price that exceeds fair market price by more than the factor as determined by the...

48 CFR 19.1103 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... waived the evaluation adjustment; or (2) An otherwise successful offer from a historically black college... adjustment, to be made at a price that exceeds fair market price by more than the factor as determined by the...

48 CFR 19.1103 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... waived the evaluation adjustment; or (2) An otherwise successful offer from a historically black college... adjustment, to be made at a price that exceeds fair market price by more than the factor as determined by the...

48 CFR 19.1103 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... waived the evaluation adjustment; or (2) An otherwise successful offer from a historically black college... adjustment, to be made at a price that exceeds fair market price by more than the factor as determined by the...

25 CFR 900.226 - What rules govern appeals of cost disallowances?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... result without rigid adherence to strict accounting principles. The determination of allowability shall assure fair compensation for the work or service performed, using cost and accounting data as guides, but...

The Cross-Cultural Dementia Screening (CCD): A new neuropsychological screening instrument for dementia in elderly immigrants.

PubMed

Goudsmit, Miriam; Uysal-Bozkir, Özgül; Parlevliet, Juliette L; van Campen, Jos P C M; de Rooij, Sophia E; Schmand, Ben

2017-03-01

Currently, approximately 3.9% of the European population are non-EU citizens, and a large part of these people are from "non-Western" societies, such as Turkey and Morocco. For various reasons, the incidence of dementia in this group is expected to increase. However, cognitive testing is challenging due to language barriers and low education and/or illiteracy. The newly developed Cross-Cultural Dementia Screening (CCD) can be administered without an interpreter. It contains three subtests that assess memory, mental speed, and executive function. We hypothesized the CCD to be a culture-fair test that could discriminate between demented patients and cognitively healthy controls. To test this hypothesis, 54 patients who had probable dementia were recruited via memory clinics. Controls (N = 1625) were recruited via their general practitioners. All patients and controls were aged 55 years and older and of six different self-defined ethnicities (Dutch, Turkish, Moroccan-Arabic, Moroccan-Berber, Surinamese-Creole, and Surinamese-Hindustani). Exclusion criteria included current or previous conditions that affect cognitive functioning. There were performance differences between the ethnic groups, but these disappeared after correcting for age and education differences between the groups, which supports our central hypothesis that the CCD is a culture-fair test. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) and logistic regression analyses showed that the CCD has high predictive validity for dementia (sensitivity: 85%; specificity: 89%). The CCD is a sensitive and culture-fair neuropsychological instrument for dementia screening in low-educated immigrant populations.

Peer review in hematopoietic cell transplantation: are we doing our fair share?

PubMed

Giralt, S; Korngold, R; Lazarus, H M

2016-09-01

Peer review is believed to be important in maintaining the quality and integrity of research in academic endeavors. Recently, the value of the current peer review process, which is more than 100 years old has come into question. In the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), peer review was unable to prevent the publication of the largest and most notorious scientific fraud in our field. In order to assess how the HCT community views and how engaged it is with the peer review process, the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation conducted a survey of all of its members in 2014. The survey was sent to all active members through multiple email communications in August and September 2014. Of a total of 1183 members, 149 responded. Almost all of the respondents had participated in the peer review process, with few respondents declining ever to review manuscripts. The most common cause for declining review requests was lack of time. Most respondents (68%) thought that the current peer review process was relatively fair and unbiased, whereas only 9% of the respondents stated that they did not believe in the peer review process. In conclusion, among the respondents of this survey most felt the peer review process to be valuable and fair, however, the lack of response suggests that further study into improving the peer review process in the field of HCT is warranted in the era of electronic publishing and communication.

Experimental Measurements of the Lower Hybrid Electric Field and Induced Neutral Flow in Tore Supra by Optical Emission Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, E. H.; Klepper, C. C.; Isler, R. C.; Goniche, M.; Caughman, J. B. O.

2014-10-01

Recently, the RF electric field vector (ELH) in front of a lower hybrid (LH) launcher, operating at 3.7 GHz, at the low field side of the Tore Supra tokamak was determined by spectroscopic analysis of passive Dβ spectral emission from the near-antenna plasma. The ELH was determined by globally minimizing the χ associated with the experimental and theoretical spectral line profile. The theoretical profile is calculated from a non-perturbative solution to the Schrödinger equation, which includes the magnetic and dynamic electric field vectors. The magnitude, the direction, and the scaling with LH power of the measured ELH were fairly consistent with those calculated from a full-wave LH model. In addition to ELH the inboard and an outboard neutral flow was determined from the Doppler shifts associated with the Dα and Dβ spectral profiles. It was found that excitation of the LH wave induced both an inboard and outboard co-current neutral flow, which is linearly dependent on injected power; preliminary results indicate ICRH decreases the LH wave-induced co-current neutral flow. Neutral flow velocities are consistent with measurements of ion flow velocities obtained by charge exchange recombination spectroscopy. Work supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC., and by the European Communities under the contract of Assoc. EURATOM-CEA and within the framework of the EFDA.

A rigorous comparison of different planet detection algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tingley, B.

2003-05-01

The idea of finding extrasolar planets (ESPs) through observations of drops in stellar brightness due to transiting objects has been around for decades. It has only been in the last ten years, however, that any serious attempts to find ESPs became practical. The discovery of a transiting planet around the star HD 209458 (Charbonneau et al. \\cite{charbonneau}) has led to a veritable explosion of research, because the photometric method is the only way to search a large number of stars for ESPs simultaneously with current technology. To this point, however, there has been limited research into the various techniques used to extract the subtle transit signals from noise, mainly brief summaries in various papers focused on publishing transit-like signatures in observations. The scheduled launches over the next few years of satellites whose primary or secondary science missions will be ESP discovery motivates a review and a comparative study of the various algorithms used to perform the transit identification, to determine rigorously and fairly which one is the most sensitive under which circumstances, to maximize the results of past, current, and future observational campaigns.

Trait-level temporal lobe hypoactivation to social exclusion in unaffected siblings of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Bolling, Danielle Z; Pelphrey, Kevin A; Vander Wyk, Brent C

2015-06-01

Social exclusion elicits powerful feelings of negative affect associated with rejection. Additionally, experiencing social exclusion reliably recruits neural circuitry associated with emotion processing. Recent work has demonstrated abnormal neural responses to social exclusion in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it remains unknown to what extent these abnormalities are due to atypical social experiences versus genetic predispositions to atypical neural processing. To address this question, the current study investigated brain responses to social exclusion compared to a baseline condition of fair play in unaffected siblings of youth with ASD using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We identified common deviations between unaffected siblings and ASD probands that might represent trait-level abnormalities in processing Social Exclusion vs. Fair Play, specifically in the right anterior temporoparietal junction extending into posterior superior temporal sulcus. Thus, hypoactivation to Social Exclusion vs. Fair Play in this region may represent a shared genetic vulnerability to developing autism. In addition, we present evidence supporting the idea that one's status as an unaffected sibling moderates the relationship between IQ and neural activation to Social Exclusion vs. Fair Play in anterior cingulate cortex. These results are discussed in the context of previous literature on neural endophenotypes of autism. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Buckling Design and Analysis of a Payload Fairing One-Sixth Cylindrical Arc-Segment Panel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kosareo, Daniel N.; Oliver, Stanley T.; Bednarcyk, Brett A.

2013-01-01

Design and analysis results are reported for a panel that is a 16th arc-segment of a full 33-ft diameter cylindrical barrel section of a payload fairing structure. Six such panels could be used to construct the fairing barrel, and, as such, compression buckling testing of a 16th arc-segment panel would serve as a validation test of the buckling analyses used to design the fairing panels. In this report, linear and nonlinear buckling analyses have been performed using finite element software for 16th arc-segment panels composed of aluminum honeycomb core with graphiteepoxy composite facesheets and an alternative fiber reinforced foam (FRF) composite sandwich design. The cross sections of both concepts were sized to represent realistic Space Launch Systems (SLS) Payload Fairing panels. Based on shell-based linear buckling analyses, smaller, more manageable buckling test panel dimensions were determined such that the panel would still be expected to buckle with a circumferential (as opposed to column-like) mode with significant separation between the first and second buckling modes. More detailed nonlinear buckling analyses were then conducted for honeycomb panels of various sizes using both Abaqus and ANSYS finite element codes, and for the smaller size panel, a solid-based finite element analysis was conducted. Finally, for the smaller size FRF panel, nonlinear buckling analysis was performed wherein geometric imperfections measured from an actual manufactured FRF were included. It was found that the measured imperfection did not significantly affect the panel's predicted buckling response

Current Issues and Distributive Justice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosal, Lorenca Consuelo

1992-01-01

Provides a lesson plan on the issue of distributive justice, or fairness in the ways things are distributed among individuals and groups. Includes a student reading concerning a proposed guaranteed standard of living. Proposes an activity that calls for student discussion of a constitutional amendment that would offer such a guarantee. (SG)

The Stereotype of the Indian in Adolescent Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Troy, Anne

Studies of teaching materials have shown that the American Indian has not been given fair representation in American history. Too often portrayed as inaccurate are such subjects as tribal entities and cultures, listings of current tribes and reservations, descriptions of languages and areas of occupation, foods, attire, and dates of historical…

A Yearning for Wholeness: Spirituality in Educational Philosophy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hurley, Angela

2012-01-01

Numerous popular figures currently espouse the importance of spirituality. Some prominent voices, such as Deepak Chopra, Marianne Williamson, and Eckhart Tolle, advocate a more spiritual existence, warning that the earth and humanity are engaged in a seismic change. The shift of spiritual leaders from fringe to fairly mainline attention is…

The Global Circuit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lansford, Henry

1983-01-01

Discusses the nature of and research related to a theory explaining the earth's electric budget. The theory suggests a global electric circuit completed by a positive current flowing up into thunderstorm clouds, from clouds to ionosphere, distributed around the globe, and down to earth through the lower atmosphere in fair-weather regions. (JN)

A Fair Trade Approach to Community Forest Certification? A Framework for Discussion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Peter Leigh

2005-01-01

Forest certification has gained growing attention as a market-based instrument to make globalizing markets a force for mitigating rather than fostering environmental degradation. Yet in practice, market mechanisms currently appear to encourage concentration of forest certification in Northern temperate and boreal forests, rather than in the…

75 FR 60507 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

..., or a property transfer (or transfer of the right to use property) a fair market value. Current... opportunity to comment on proposed and/or continuing information collections, as required by the Paperwork... Service, room 6129, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20224. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT...

Toward a University System for the Twenty-First Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hackney, Sheldon

1994-01-01

Solving many current urban problems requires reinventing the American university so it becomes a humanistic, morally inspired, civic institution with an inclination and ability to help America become just and fair for all. The article discusses educational reform similar to Benjamin Franklin's original plan for the University of Pennsylvania. (SM)

78 FR 1305 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-08

... value of the property is recorded in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP... is necessary. In addition, a bank must value off-lease property at the lower of current fair market value or book value promptly after the property comes off- [[Page 1306

Efficient multiparty quantum key agreement with collective detection.

PubMed

Huang, Wei; Su, Qi; Liu, Bin; He, Yuan-Hang; Fan, Fan; Xu, Bing-Jie

2017-11-10

As a burgeoning branch of quantum cryptography, quantum key agreement is a kind of key establishing processes where the security and fairness of the established common key should be guaranteed simultaneously. However, the difficulty on designing a qualified quantum key agreement protocol increases significantly with the increase of the number of the involved participants. Thus far, only few of the existing multiparty quantum key agreement (MQKA) protocols can really achieve security and fairness. Nevertheless, these qualified MQKA protocols are either too inefficient or too impractical. In this paper, an MQKA protocol is proposed with single photons in travelling mode. Since only one eavesdropping detection is needed in the proposed protocol, the qubit efficiency and measurement efficiency of it are higher than those of the existing ones in theory. Compared with the protocols which make use of the entangled states or multi-particle measurements, the proposed protocol is more feasible with the current technologies. Security and fairness analysis shows that the proposed protocol is not only immune to the attacks from external eavesdroppers, but also free from the attacks from internal betrayers.

18 CFR 4.12 - Service of report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act § 4.12... the State where such project is located. The report will be made available for public inspection at...

18 CFR 4.12 - Service of report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act § 4.12... the State where such project is located. The report will be made available for public inspection at...

18 CFR 4.12 - Service of report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act § 4.12... the State where such project is located. The report will be made available for public inspection at...

18 CFR 4.12 - Service of report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... PROJECT COSTS Determination of Fair Value of Constructed Projects, Under Section 23(a) of the Act § 4.12... the State where such project is located. The report will be made available for public inspection at...

29 CFR 452.112 - Form of ballot; slate voting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... this is permissible under the union's constitution and bylaws. A determination as to the position of a... constitution and bylaws, consistent with the requirement of fairness and the other provisions of the Act. For...

29 CFR 452.112 - Form of ballot; slate voting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... this is permissible under the union's constitution and bylaws. A determination as to the position of a... constitution and bylaws, consistent with the requirement of fairness and the other provisions of the Act. For...

29 CFR 452.112 - Form of ballot; slate voting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... this is permissible under the union's constitution and bylaws. A determination as to the position of a... constitution and bylaws, consistent with the requirement of fairness and the other provisions of the Act. For...

29 CFR 452.112 - Form of ballot; slate voting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... this is permissible under the union's constitution and bylaws. A determination as to the position of a... constitution and bylaws, consistent with the requirement of fairness and the other provisions of the Act. For...

Open chromatin defined by DNaseI and FAIRE identifies regulatory elements that shape cell-type identity

PubMed Central

Song, Lingyun; Zhang, Zhancheng; Grasfeder, Linda L.; Boyle, Alan P.; Giresi, Paul G.; Lee, Bum-Kyu; Sheffield, Nathan C.; Gräf, Stefan; Huss, Mikael; Keefe, Damian; Liu, Zheng; London, Darin; McDaniell, Ryan M.; Shibata, Yoichiro; Showers, Kimberly A.; Simon, Jeremy M.; Vales, Teresa; Wang, Tianyuan; Winter, Deborah; Zhang, Zhuzhu; Clarke, Neil D.; Birney, Ewan; Iyer, Vishwanath R.; Crawford, Gregory E.; Lieb, Jason D.; Furey, Terrence S.

2011-01-01

The human body contains thousands of unique cell types, each with specialized functions. Cell identity is governed in large part by gene transcription programs, which are determined by regulatory elements encoded in DNA. To identify regulatory elements active in seven cell lines representative of diverse human cell types, we used DNase-seq and FAIRE-seq (Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements) to map “open chromatin.” Over 870,000 DNaseI or FAIRE sites, which correspond tightly to nucleosome-depleted regions, were identified across the seven cell lines, covering nearly 9% of the genome. The combination of DNaseI and FAIRE is more effective than either assay alone in identifying likely regulatory elements, as judged by coincidence with transcription factor binding locations determined in the same cells. Open chromatin common to all seven cell types tended to be at or near transcription start sites and to be coincident with CTCF binding sites, while open chromatin sites found in only one cell type were typically located away from transcription start sites and contained DNA motifs recognized by regulators of cell-type identity. We show that open chromatin regions bound by CTCF are potent insulators. We identified clusters of open regulatory elements (COREs) that were physically near each other and whose appearance was coordinated among one or more cell types. Gene expression and RNA Pol II binding data support the hypothesis that COREs control gene activity required for the maintenance of cell-type identity. This publicly available atlas of regulatory elements may prove valuable in identifying noncoding DNA sequence variants that are causally linked to human disease. PMID:21750106

Dynamic fair node spectrum allocation for ad hoc networks using random matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahmes, Mark; Lemieux, George; Chester, Dave; Sonnenberg, Jerry

2015-05-01

Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is widely seen as a solution to the problem of limited spectrum, because of its ability to adapt the operating frequency of a radio. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) can extend high-capacity mobile communications over large areas where fixed and tethered-mobile systems are not available. In one use case with high potential impact, cognitive radio employs spectrum sensing to facilitate the identification of allocated frequencies not currently accessed by their primary users. Primary users own the rights to radiate at a specific frequency and geographic location, while secondary users opportunistically attempt to radiate at a specific frequency when the primary user is not using it. We populate a spatial radio environment map (REM) database with known information that can be leveraged in an ad hoc network to facilitate fair path use of the DSA-discovered links. Utilization of high-resolution geospatial data layers in RF propagation analysis is directly applicable. Random matrix theory (RMT) is useful in simulating network layer usage in nodes by a Wishart adjacency matrix. We use the Dijkstra algorithm for discovering ad hoc network node connection patterns. We present a method for analysts to dynamically allocate node-node path and link resources using fair division. User allocation of limited resources as a function of time must be dynamic and based on system fairness policies. The context of fair means that first available request for an asset is not envied as long as it is not yet allocated or tasked in order to prevent cycling of the system. This solution may also save money by offering a Pareto efficient repeatable process. We use a water fill queue algorithm to include Shapley value marginal contributions for allocation.

Combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use among obese women and contraceptive effectiveness: a systematic review.

PubMed

Dragoman, Monica V; Simmons, Katharine B; Paulen, Melissa E; Curtis, Kathryn M

2017-02-01

To evaluate from the literature whether combined hormonal contraception (CHC), including combined oral contraception pills (COCs), transdermal patch, vaginal ring or combined injectables, have different effectiveness or failure rates by body weight or body mass index (BMI). We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases for all articles in all languages published between inception and February 2016, for evidence relevant to body weight or BMI, CHC use and contraceptive effectiveness. The quality of each individual study was assessed using the system for evaluating evidence developed by the United States Preventive Services Task Force. From 2874 articles, we identified 15 reports for inclusion, all of fair to poor quality. Fourteen studies measured the association of obesity status and contraceptive failure among COC users. Three fair quality and one poor quality study reported increased COC failure among a heterogeneous population of overweight and obese women compared with normal weight women, while eight fair quality and two poor quality studies did not find an association. Two fair quality studies reported on contraceptive transdermal patches. One pooled analysis described a higher proportion of pregnancies among women using the patch who weighed ≥90 kg; another secondary analysis suggested BMI>30 was associated with increased failure. No studies directly compared contraceptive effectiveness using the combined vaginal ring or combined injectable. Current available evidence addressing the risk of CHC failure in obese compared to normal weight women is limited to fair and poor quality studies. Studies of COCs show mixed results, though absolute differences in COC failure by body weight and BMI are small. Based on limited evidence, it appears that increasing body weight and BMI may contribute to decreasing contraceptive patch effectiveness. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Improved structural pricing model for the fair market price of Sukuk Ijarah in Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosadi, D.; Muslim

2017-12-01

Shariah financial products are currently developing in Indonesia financial market. One of the most important products is called as Sukuk which is commonly referred to as "sharia compliant" bonds. The type of Sukuk that have been widely traded in Indonesia until now are Sukuk Ijarah and Sukuk Mudharabah. In [1], we discuss various models for the price of the fixed-non-callable Sukuk Ijarah and provide the empirical studies using data from Indonesia Bonds market. We found that the structural model considered in [1] cannot model the market price empirically well. In this paper, we consider the improved model and show that it performs well for modelling the fair market price of Sukuk Ijarah.

Delivering Faster Congestion Feedback with the Mark-Front Strategy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, Chunlei; Jain, Raj

2001-01-01

Computer networks use congestion feedback from the routers and destinations to control the transmission load. Delivering timely congestion feedback is essential to the performance of networks. Reaction to the congestion can be more effective if faster feedback is provided. Current TCP/IP networks use timeout, duplicate Acknowledgement Packets (ACKs) and explicit congestion notification (ECN) to deliver the congestion feedback, each provides a faster feedback than the previous method. In this paper, we propose a markfront strategy that delivers an even faster congestion feedback. With analytical and simulation results, we show that mark-front strategy reduces buffer size requirement, improves link efficiency and provides better fairness among users. Keywords: Explicit Congestion Notification, mark-front, congestion control, buffer size requirement, fairness.

Privacy, Liveliness and Fairness for Reputation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schiffner, Stefan; Clauß, Sebastian; Steinbrecher, Sandra

In various Internet applications, reputation systems are typical means to collect experiences users make with each other. We present a reputation system that balances the security and privacy requirements of all users involed. Our system provides privacy in the form of information theoretic relationship anonymity w.r.t. users and the reputation provider. Furthermore, it preserves liveliness, i.e., all past ratings can influence the current reputation profile of a user. In addition, mutual ratings are forced to be simultaneous and self rating is prevented, which enforces fairness. What is more, without performing mock interactions - even if all users are colluding - users cannot forge ratings. As far as we know, this is the first protocol proposed that fulfills all these properties simultaneously.

Mouths of the Amazon River, Brazil, South America

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Huge sediment loads from the interior of the country flow through the Mouths of the Amazon River, Brazil (0.5S, 50.0W). The river current carries hundreds of tons of sediment through the multiple outlets of the great river over 100 miles from shore before it is carried northward by oceanic currents. The characteristic 'fair weather cumulus' pattern of low clouds over the land but not over water may be observed in this scene.

United States Air and Space Power in the 21st Century: Strategic Appraisal

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-01-01

changes in current U.S. nuclear operational practice. It would require at the very least • suitable planning systems (e.g., near- real - time target...to increase real - time visibility into demands, inventories, and flows will likely be very valuable in this regard. Robust, well-stocked FSLs will...of the type of wholesale shift required. The current system is designed for heavy deployments with fairly long lead times . To sup- port Air

Mouths of the Amazon River, Brazil, South America

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-08-11

Huge sediment loads from the interior of the country flow through the Mouths of the Amazon River, Brazil (0.5S, 50.0W). The river current carries hundreds of tons of sediment through the multiple outlets of the great river over 100 miles from shore before it is carried northward by oceanic currents. The characteristic "fair weather cumulus" pattern of low clouds over the land but not over water may be observed in this scene.

Measuring Greenland Ice Mass Variation With Gravity Recovery and the Climate Experiment Gravity and GPS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wu, Xiao-Ping

1999-01-01

The response of the Greenland ice sheet to climate change could significantly alter sea level. The ice sheet was much thicker at the last glacial maximum. To gain insight into the global change process and the future trend, it is important to evaluate the ice mass variation as a function of time and space. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission to fly in 2001 for 5 years will measure gravity changes associated with the current ice variation and the solid earth's response to past variations. Our objective is to assess the separability of different change sources, accuracy and resolution in the mass variation determination by the new gravity data and possible Global Positioning System (GPS) bedrock uplift measurements. We use a reference parameter state that follows a dynamic ice model for current mass variation and a variant of the Tushingham and Peltier ICE-3G deglaciation model for historical deglaciation. The current linear trend is also assumed to have started 5 kyr ago. The Earth model is fixed as preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) with four viscoelastic layers. A discrete Bayesian inverse algorithm is developed employing an isotropic Gaussian a priori covariance function over the ice sheet and time. We use data noise predicted by the University of Texas and JPL for major GRACE error sources. A 2 mm/yr uplift uncertainty is assumed for GPS occupation time of 5 years. We then carry out covariance analysis and inverse simulation using GRACE geoid coefficients up to degree 180 in conjunction with a number of GPS uplift rates. Present-day ice mass variation and historical deglaciation are solved simultaneously over 146 grids of roughly 110 km x 110 km and with 6 time increments of 3 kyr each, along with a common starting epoch of the current trend. For present-day ice thickness change, the covariance analysis using GRACE geoid data alone results in a root mean square (RMS) posterior root variance of 2.6 cm/yr, with fairly large a priori uncertainties in the parameters and a Gaussian correlation length of 350 km. Simulated inverse can successfully recover most features in the reference present-day change. The RMS difference between them over the grids is 2.8 cm/yr. The RMS difference becomes 1.1 cm/yr when both are averaged with a half Gaussian wavelength of 150 km. With a fixed Earth model, GRACE alone can separate the geoid signals due to past and current load fairly well. Shown are the reference geoid signatures of direct and elastic effects of the current trend, the viscoelastic effect of the same trend starting from 5 kyr ago, the Post Glacial Rebound (PGR), and the predicted GRACE geoid error. The difference between the reference and inverse modeled total viscoelastic signatures is also shown. Although past and current ice mass variations are allowed the same spatial scale, their geoid signals have different spatial patterns. GPS data can contribute to the ice mass determination as well. Additional information is contained in the original.

Military Factors Associated with Smoking in Veterans.

PubMed

Golden, Sara E; Thakurta, Sujata; Slatore, Christopher G; Woo, Hyeyoung; Sullivan, Donald R

2018-05-18

Given the high prevalence of smoking among Veterans and the economic, social, and clinical implications, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to smoking in order to focus efforts to mitigate these factors and improve smoking cessation efforts among Veterans. The availability of research on smoking in Veterans compared with civilians is limited given the military-specific differences in their life course. We aimed to identify military-specific factors combined with sociodemographic factors for ever smoking and current smoking among Veterans to inform future interventions. We used data from the 2010 National Survey of Veterans, the most current, to analyze the association of sociodemographic and military-specific factors with ever versus never smoking, and current versus past smoking using multiple variable logistic regression models (IRB#4125). Among 8,618 respondents, the proportions of current, past, and never smokers were 17%, 48%, and 34%, respectively. Sociodemographic factors associated with ever smoking were female gender, educational attainment of less than a bachelor's degree, and being divorced/separated/widowed. Military-specific factors associated with ever smoking were exposure to dead/dying/wounded soldiers during service, and past, current, and unsure enrollment in Veterans Affairs healthcare. Never smoking was associated with Hispanic ethnicity, income over $75,000, and reporting fair or poor health. Military factors associated with never smoking were presence of a service-connected disability and military service July 1964 or earlier (i.e., pre-Vietnam). Among 5,652 ever smokers, sociodemographic factors associated with current smoking were age less than 65, being non-Hispanic black, educational attainment of less than a bachelor's degree, being divorced/separated/widowed, never married, and having no insurance. Factors associated with reduced likelihood of current smoking compared with past smoking included income >$41,000 and reporting fair or poor health. Military-specific variables associated with reduced likelihood of current smoking were service era of May 1975 or later (i.e., post-Vietnam) and 5 or more years of service. Military-specific variables are associated with smoking behaviors among Veterans. Findings from this study that exposure to dead/dying/wounded soldiers, service era, duration of service, service-connected disability status, and enrollment in VA care all influence smoking in Veterans, can inform prevention and cessation efforts in part by encouraging alternative healthy habits or cessation techniques in subgroups of Veterans with particular military backgrounds. By assessing risk factors in this unique population future research can leverage these findings to determine mechanisms that help explain these associations. Identifying factors associated with smoking offers insights for smoking cessation and prevention interventions given the military experiences and increased smoking incidence among Veterans.

26 CFR 1.6039-1 - Returns required in connection with certain options.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) The exercise price per share; (vi) The date the option was exercised by the person; (vii) The fair...) The actual exercise price paid per share; (vi) The exercise price per share determined as if the... exercise price per share is not fixed or determinable on the date the option was granted); (vii) The date...

75 FR 12175 - Certain Frozen Warmwater Shrimp from India: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-15

... determine that sales made by Devi have not been made at below normal value (NV), while those made by Falcon.... In addition, based on the preliminary results for the respondents selected for individual examination... from India. See Notice of Amended Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Antidumping...

29 CFR 825.105 - Counting employees for determining coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act § 825.105 Counting employees for determining coverage. (a) The definition of employ for purposes of FMLA is taken from the Fair Labor Standards Act, § 3(g), 29 U.S.C. 203(g). The courts have made it...

29 CFR 825.105 - Counting employees for determining coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act § 825.105 Counting employees for determining coverage. (a) The definition of employ for purposes of FMLA is taken from the Fair Labor Standards Act, § 3(g), 29 U.S.C. 203(g). The courts have made it...

76 FR 68422 - Galvanized Steel Wire From Mexico: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-04

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-201-840] Galvanized Steel Wire From... determines that galvanized steel wire (galvanized wire) from Mexico is being, or is likely to be, sold in the... investigation on galvanized wire from Mexico. See Galvanized Steel Wire from the People's Republic of China and...

Internal Controls and Compliance With Laws and Regulations for the DOD Consolidated Financial Statements for FY 1997

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-22

The primary audit objective was to determine whether the DoD Consolidated Financial Statements for FY 1997 were presented fairly in accordance with...determined whether controls were adequate to ensure that the DoD consolidated financial statements were free of material error. We also assessed DoD

18 CFR 1312.14 - Determination of archaeological or commercial value and cost of restoration and repair.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of archaeological or commercial value and cost of restoration and repair. 1312.14 Section 1312.14 Conservation of... part shall be its fair market value. Where the violation has resulted in damage to the archaeological...

77 FR 75978 - Utility Scale Wind Towers From the People's Republic of China: Final Affirmative Countervailing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-26

... Comment 19: Value Added Tax and Import Duties in the HRS Benchmark Used to Calculate CS Wind's Benefit...: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Postponement of Final Determination, 77 FR... of HRS Benchmark Provision of Electricity for LTAR Comment 16: Electricity Benchmarks Tax Programs...

26 CFR 1.412(c)(2)-1 - Valuation of plan assets; reasonable actuarial valuation methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... computed by— (i) Determining the fair market value of plan assets at least annually, (ii) Adding the...) In determining the adjusted value of plan assets for a prior valuation date, there is added to the... market value, amounts are subtracted from this account and added, to the extent necessary, to raise the...