Producing the deuteron in stars: anthropic limits on fundamental constants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barnes, Luke A.; Lewis, Geraint F., E-mail: luke.barnes@sydney.edu.au, E-mail: gfl@physics.usyd.edu.au

2017-07-01

Stellar nucleosynthesis proceeds via the deuteron (D), but only a small change in the fundamental constants of nature is required to unbind it. Here, we investigate the effect of altering the binding energy of the deuteron on proton burning in stars. We find that the most definitive boundary in parameter space that divides probably life-permitting universes from probably life-prohibiting ones is between a bound and unbound deuteron. Due to neutrino losses, a ball of gas will undergo rapid cooling or stabilization by electron degeneracy pressure before it can form a stable, nuclear reaction-sustaining star. We also consider a less-bound deuteron,more » which changes the energetics of the pp and pep reactions. The transition to endothermic pp and pep reactions, and the resulting beta-decay instability of the deuteron, do not seem to present catastrophic problems for life.« less

PROBLEMS OF THE OPTICAL MODEL FOR DEUTERONS. II. EXPERIMENTS FOR DETERMINATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE OPTICAL POTENTIAL FOR DEUTERONS (in Polish)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grotowski, K.

1963-01-01

An experiment for determination of the parameters of the optical potential for deuterons is presented. Total reaction cross sections for the interaction of deuterons with nuclei were determined by evaluating the cross sections for the emission of charged particles and neutrons. The angular distributions for the elastic scattering of deuterons were also measured. (auth)

Photonuclear reaction as a probe for α -clustering nuclei in the quasi-deuteron region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, B. S.; Ma, Y. G.; He, W. B.

2017-03-01

Photon-nuclear reaction in a transport model frame, namely an extended quantum molecular dynamics model, has been realized at the photon energy of 70-140 MeV in the quasi-deuteron regime. For an important application, we pay a special focus on photonuclear reactions of 12C(γ ,n p )10B where 12C is considered as different configurations including α clustering. Obvious differences for some observables have been observed among different configurations, which can be attributed to spatial-momentum correlation of a neutron-proton pair inside nucleus, and therefore it gives us a sensitive probe to distinguish the different configurations including α clustering with the help of the photonuclear reaction mechanism.

THE POLARIZATION OF NEUTRONS FROM THE C$sup 12$(d,n) N$sup 13$ REACTION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Budzanowski, A.; Grotowski, K.; Niewodniczanski, H.

1959-01-01

The polarization of neutroni emitted irom the stripping reaction C/sup 12/(d,n)N/sup 13/ was investigated at the reaction angle theta /sub lab/ = 15 deg and deuteron energy E/sub d/ = I2.9 Mev. The polarization of neutrons connected with the 3.56 Mev energy- level in N/sup 13/ nucleus was found to be - (0.39 plus or minus 0.11). (auth)

Search for anomalous deuterons in the reaction /sup 3/He+C. -->. d+X at p3He = 10. 8 GeV/c

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ableev, V.G.; Vorob'ev, G.G.; Gasparyan, A.P.

1985-07-01

The Alpha apparatus in a beam of 10.78-GeV/c /sup 3/He nuclei has been used to search for anomalous deuterons (demons) in the reaction /sup 3/He+C ..-->.. d+X. The deuteron yield was measured at angles theta< or approx. =20 mrad as a function of the target thickness, which varied from 0.6 to 70 cm. The data obtained exclude the production of demons in this reaction over a wide range of expected values of the cross sections for their production and interaction with matter. The technique used can be applied also to beams of relativistic nuclei in experiments to search for anomalons.

Proton and deuteron induced reactions on natGa: Experimental and calculated excitation functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hermanne, A.; Adam-Rebeles, R.; Tárkányi, F.; Takács, S.; Ditrói, F.

2015-09-01

Cross-sections for reactions on natGa, induced by protons (up to 65 MeV) and deuterons (up to 50 MeV), producing γ-emitting radionuclides with half-lives longer than 1 h were measured in a stacked-foil irradiation using thin Ga-Ni alloy (70-30%) targets electroplated on Cu or Au backings. Excitation functions for generation of 68,69Ge, 66,67,68,72Ga and 65,69mZn on natGa are discussed, relative to the monitor reactions natAl(d,x)24,22Na, natAl(p,x)24,22Na, natCu(p,x)62Zn and natNi(p,x)57Ni. The results are compared to our earlier measurements, the scarce literature values and to the results of the code TALYS 1.6 (online database TENDL-2014).

Production cross sections of deuteron-induced reactions on natural palladium for Ag isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ukon, Naoyuki; Aikawa, Masayuki; Komori, Yukiko; Haba, Hiromitsu

2018-07-01

Activation cross sections for deuteron-induced reactions on natural palladium were measured up to 24 MeV using the stacked-foil method and the high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. The production cross sections of 103Ag, the parent of a medical radioactive isotope 103Pd, were obtained. We found that our result is in good agreement with the previous data up to 20.3 MeV, and obtained new data at higher energies. In addition, the production cross sections of 104g+mAg, 105Ag, 106mAg, 110mAg and 111Ag were presented.

Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 27.6 Mev Deuterons in Ni. Report No. 55; DISPERSION ELASTICA E INELASTICA DE DEUTERONES DE 27,6 Mev POR Ni. INFORME NO. 55

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mayo, S.; Rosenblatt, J.

1961-01-01

Elastic and inelastic differential cross sections in Ni(d,d)Ni with 27.6 Mev deuterons were measured with the aid of scintillation technique. Charged particle spectra from the reaction were observed at laboratory angles of 15 up to 150 degrees, showing the presence of Q-positive stripping protons and elastic and inelastic deuteron groups. Due to isotopic mixture in natural Ni and the rather high level density above 2 Mev of excitation in most of those isotopes, only inelastic deuteron groups going to the first excited states in Ni/sup 58/ and Ni/ sup 60/ could be identified. Elastic angular distribution exhibits similarities to thatmore » obtained by Yntema at 21.6 Mev, showing the typical diffraction patterns. At backward angles, a slight growing in the crosssection was observed which was not observed at 21.6 Mev. By regarding the elastic scattering like a classical light diffraction by a black disk, an interaction radius of 6.8 plus or minus 0.8 f was derived. Inelastic angular distributions were fitted by semiclassical Butler et al. theory and Huby-Newns theory. Due to above-mentioned limitations level mixtures could not be avoided; however, a group of deuterons going to Ni/ sup 58/ 1.45 Mev, probably mixed with Ni/sup 60/ 1.33 Mev, could be identified as proceeding via direct interaction with l = 2 and interaction radius 6.7 f and 6.9 f, respectively. Another inelastic group identified as Ni/sup 58/ 2.46 Mev mixed with Ni/sup 60/ 2.50 Mev is well fitted by l = 2 plus l = 4 and interaction radius 8.9 f and 8.7 f respectively, showing direct interaction behavor. Contributions to the above processes from compound nucleus formation are small as can be seen from absolute cross sections above 50 degrees. Total cross section for the formation of compound nucleus is about 860 mbarn. According to selection rules for deuteron scattering, 2/sup +/ is assigned to levels 1.45 Mev and 2.46 Mev in Ni/sup 58/; however this assignment is not definitive due to background from

Enhancement of cold fusion in metal ``hydrides'' by screening of proton and deuteron charges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burrows, Adam

1989-08-01

The production of fusion heat in a metal hydride (deuteride) lattice is problematic, since the reported ratio of power to neutron or γ-ray flux of some workers is much larger than that for any known conventional complement of fusion reactions. However, enhanced screening of the deuteron or proton charge in the lattice cages might enhance to modest levels the standard d+d-->3He+n,T+p and p+d-->3He+γ fusion reactions. By lowering the effective deuteron-deuteron and proton-deuteron Coulomb barriers, the effective Gamov penetration factor is increased substantially in metals in general, transition metals in particular, and perhaps enough to produce modest neutron fluxes and tritium yields.

Investigation of the reaction d + d → {sup 2}He + {sup 2}n at the deuteron energy of 15 MeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Konobeevski, E. S., E-mail: konobeev@inr.ru; Zuyev, S. V.; Kasparov, A. A.

An experimental setup for studying the reaction d + d → {sup 2}He + {sup 2}n is described, and the first preliminary results of measurements at a deuteron energy of 15 MeV are presented. The experiment was aimed at determining the energies of quasibound singlet states of two-nucleon systems (nn and pp), these energies being important features of nucleon–nucleon (NN) interaction. The measurements in question were performed at a deuteron beamfrom the U-120 cyclotron of the Skobeltsyn Institute ofNuclear Physics (Moscow State University). Two protons and one of the neutrons fromthe breakup of the dineutron system were detected in themore » experiment. A simulation of the reaction in question and preliminary experimental results reveal the possibility of determining the energy of quasibound singlet states on the basis of the form of the energy spectra of particles originating from their breakup.« less

Study of activation cross-sections of deuteron induced reactions on rhodium up to 40 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ditrói, F.; Tárkányi, F.; Takács, S.; Hermanne, A.; Yamazaki, H.; Baba, M.; Mohammadi, A.; Ignatyuk, A. V.

2011-09-01

In the frame of a systematic study of the activation cross-sections of deuteron induced nuclear reactions, excitation functions of the 103Rh(d,x) 100,101,103Pd, 100g,101m,101g,102m,102gRh and 103gRu reactions were determined up to 40 MeV. Cross-sections were measured with the activation method using a stacked foil irradiation technique. Excitation functions of the contributing reactions were calculated using the ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE-II and TALYS codes. From the measured cross-section data integral production yields were calculated and compared with experimental integral yield data reported in the literature. From the measured cross-sections and previous data, activation curves were deduced to support thin layer activation (TLA) on rhodium and Rh containing alloys.

Cross sections of deuteron induced reactions on (nat)Sm for production of the therapeutic radionuclide ¹⁴⁵Sm and ¹⁵³Sm.

PubMed

Tárkányi, F; Hermanne, A; Takács, S; Ditrói, F; Csikai, J; Ignatyuk, A V

2014-09-01

At present, targeted radiotherapy (TR) is acknowledged to have great potential in oncology. A large list of interesting radionuclides is identified, including several radioisotopes of lanthanides, amongst them (145)Sm and (153)Sm. In this work the possibility of their production at a cyclotron was investigated using a deuteron beam and a samarium target. The excitation functions of the (nat)Sm(d,x)(145,153)Sm reactions were determined for deuteron energies up to 50 MeV using the stacked-foil technique and high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry. The measured cross sections and the contributing reactions were analyzed by comparison with results of the ALICE, EMPIRE and TALYS nuclear reaction codes. A short overview and comparison of possible production routes is given. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Systematic Study of Three-Nucleon System Dynamics in Deuteron-Proton Breakup Reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozela, A.; Ciepał, I.; Garbacz, M.; Jamróz, B.; Kłos, B.; Kistryn, St.; Khatri, G.; Kuboś, J.; Kulessa, P.; Liptak, A.; Parol, W.; Rusnok, A.; Sȩkowski, P.; Skwira-Chalot, I.; Stephan, E.; Wilczek, A.; Włoch, B.; Zejma, J.

2017-03-01

We report on preliminary results of the first measurement of elastic scattering of protons from deuterons and proton induced deuteron breakup at proton beam energy of 108 MeV conducted at new Cyclotron Center Bronowice IFJ PAN in Kraków. The experiment is aimed at precise determination of the differential cross section for extensive set of kinematical configurations in a wide range of angular acceptance. In the first data taking run the average statistical per-point accuracy of about 5% has been reached.

Spallation reaction study for fission products in nuclear waste: Cross section measurements for 137Cs, 90Sr and 107Pd on proton and deuteron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, He; Otsu, Hideaki; Sakurai, Hiroyoshi; Ahn, DeukSoon; Aikawa, Masayuki; Ando, Takashi; Araki, Shouhei; Chen, Sidong; Chiga, Nobuyuki; Doornenbal, Pieter; Fukuda, Naoki; Isobe, Tadaaki; Kawakami, Shunsuke; Kawase, Shoichiro; Kin, Tadahiro; Kondo, Yosuke; Koyama, Shupei; Kubono, Shigeru; Maeda, Yukie; Makinaga, Ayano; Matsushita, Masafumi; Matsuzaki, Teiichiro; Michimasa, Shinichiro; Momiyama, Satoru; Nagamine, Shunsuke; Nakamura, Takashi; Nakano, Keita; Niikura, Megumi; Ozaki, Tomoyuki; Saito, Atsumi; Saito, Takeshi; Shiga, Yoshiaki; Shikata, Mizuki; Shimizu, Yohei; Shimoura, Susumu; Sumikama, Toshiyuki; Söderström, Pär-Anders; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Takeuchi, Satoshi; Taniuchi, Ryo; Togano, Yasuhiro; Tsubota, Junichi; Uesaka, Meiko; Watanabe, Yasushi; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Wimmer, Kathrin; Yamamoto, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Koichi

2017-09-01

Spallation reactions for the long-lived fission products 137Cs, 90Sr and 107Pd have been studied for the purpose of nuclear waste transmutation. The cross sections on the proton- and deuteron-induced spallation were obtained in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Both the target and energy dependences of cross sections have been investigated systematically. and the cross-section differences between the proton and deuteron are found to be larger for lighter fragments. The experimental data are compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and the PHITS calculations including both the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes.

Measuring one nucleon transfer reaction 24Mg( p, d)23Mg for astrophysical reaction rates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, E. J.; Chae, K. Y.

2017-12-01

The level structure of a radionuclide 23Mg has been studied by using the 24Mg( p, d)23Mg one nucleon transfer reaction measurement for the astrophysical 19Ne(α, γ)23Mg reaction rate. A 41 MeV proton beam was produced and accelerated at the 25 MV tandem accelerator of the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States. The beam particles impinged on an isotopically-enriched 24Mg solid target. Angular distributions of recoiling deuterons were extracted by using a large area silicon strip detector array. By comparing the experimentally-obtained angular distributions with zero range distorted wave Born approximation calculations, spins and parities of three energy levels of 23Mg could be constrained for the first time, which is very important information needed to understand the 19Ne(α, γ)23Mg reaction rate.

Proton and deuteron activation measurements at the NPI and future plans in SPIRAL2/NFS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Šimečková, Eva; Bém, Pavel; Mrázek, Jaromír; Štefánik, Milan; Běhal, Radomír; Gladolev, Vadim

2017-09-01

The proton- and deuteron-induced reactions are of a great interest for the assessment of induced radioactivity of accelerator components, target and beam stoppers as well as isotope production for medicine. In the present work, the deuteron-induced reaction cross sections on zinc were investigated by stacked-foil activation technique with deuteron beam of 20 MeV energy from the cyclotron U-120M of NPI CAS Řež. Also the proton activation cross section measurement of iron is presented. The comparison of present results to data of other authors and to predictions of evaluated data libraries is discussed. The investigation shall continue for higher proton and deuteron energy interval 20-35 MeV at SPIRAL2/NFS facility using a charged particle irradiation chamber with pneumatic transport system to measure isotopes and isomers with half-lives in minutes-regions.

Investigation of the Three-Nucleon System Dynamics in the Deuteron-Proton Breakup Reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ciepał, I.; Kłos, B.; Kistryn, St.; Stephan, E.; Biegun, A.; Bodek, K.; Deltuva, A.; Epelbaum, E.; Eslami-Kalantari, M.; Fonseca, A. C.; Golak, J.; Jha, V.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kamada, H.; Khatri, G.; Kirillov, Da.; Kirillov, Di.; Kliczewski, St.; Kozela, A.; Kravcikova, M.; Machner, H.; Magiera, A.; Martinska, G.; Messchendorp, J.; Nogga, A.; Parol, W.; Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani, A.; Roy, B. J.; Sakai, H.; Sekiguchi, K.; Sitnik, I.; Siudak, R.; Skibiński, R.; Sworst, R.; Urban, J.; Witała, H.; Zejma, J.

2014-08-01

Precise and large sets of cross section, vector A x , A y and tensor A xx , A xy , A yy analyzing power data for the 1 H( d, pp) n breakup reactions were measured at 100 and 130 MeV deuteron beam energies with the SALAD and BINA detectors at KVI and the Germanium Wall setup at FZ-Jülich. Results are compared with various theoretical approaches which model the three-nucleon system dynamics. The cross section data reveal a sizable three-nucleon force (3NF) and Coulomb force influence. In case of the analyzing powers very low sensitivity to these effects was found and the data are well describe by 2N models only. For A xy at 130 MeV, serious disagreements were observed when 3NF models are included in the calculations.

Investigation of activation cross-sections of deuteron induced reactions on vanadium up to 40 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tárkányi, F.; Ditrói, F.; Takács, S.; Hermanne, A.; Baba, M.; Ignatyuk, A. V.

2011-08-01

Experimental excitation functions for deuteron induced reactions up to 40 MeV on natural vanadium were measured with the activation method using a stacked foil irradiation technique. From high resolution gamma spectrometry cross-section data for the production of 51Cr, 48V, 48,47,46Sc and 47Ca were determined. Comparisons with the earlier published data are presented and results for values predicted by different theoretical codes are included. Thick target yields were calculated from a fit to our experimental excitation curves and compared with the earlier experimental data. Depth distribution curves used for thin layer activation (TLA) are also presented.

Measurement of the reaction 2H(e,e') at 180 degrees close to the deuteron breakup threshold.

PubMed

Ryezayeva, N; Arenhövel, H; Burda, O; Byelikov, A; Chernykh, M; Enders, J; Griesshammer, H W; Kalmykov, Y; von Neumann-Cosel, P; Ozel, B; Poltoratska, I; Pysmenetska, I; Rangacharyulu, C; Rathi, S; Richter, A; Schrieder, G; Shevchenko, A; Yevetska, O

2008-05-02

Inclusive inelastic electron scattering off the deuteron under 180 degrees has been studied at the S-DALINAC close to the breakup threshold at momentum transfers q=0.27 fm;{-1} and 0.74 fm;{-1} with good energy resolution sufficient to map in detail the spin flip M1 response, which governs the starting reaction pn-->dgamma of big-bang nucleosynthesis over most of the relevant temperature region. Results from potential model calculations and (for q=0.27 fm;{-1}) from pionless nuclear effective field theory are in excellent agreement with the data.

Dynamic Isovector Reorientation of Deuteron as a Probe to Nuclear Symmetry Energy.

PubMed

Ou, Li; Xiao, Zhigang; Yi, Han; Wang, Ning; Liu, Min; Tian, Junlong

2015-11-20

We present the calculations on a novel reorientation effect of deuteron attributed to isovector interaction in the nuclear field of heavy target nuclei. The correlation angle determined by the relative momentum vector of the proton and the neutron originating from the breakup deuteron, which is experimentally detectable, exhibits significant dependence on the isovector nuclear potential but is robust against the variation of the isoscaler sector. In terms of sensitivity and cleanness, the breakup reactions induced by the polarized deuteron beam at about 100 MeV/u provide a more stringent constraint to the symmetry energy at subsaturation densities.

Neutron production in deuteron-induced reactions on Li, Be, and C at an incident energy of 102 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Araki, Shouhei; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Kitajima, Mizuki; Sadamatsu, Hiroki; Nakano, Keita; Kin, Tadahiro; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Satoh, Daiki; Hagiwara, Masayuki; Yashima, Hiroshi; Shima, Tatsushi

2017-09-01

Double-differential cross sections (DDXs) of deuteron-induced neutron production reactions on Li, Be, and C at 102 MeV were measured at forward angles (≤ 25∘) by means of a time of flight method with NE213 liquid organic scintillators at the Research Center of Nuclear Physics, Osaka University. The experimental results were compared with model calculations with PHITS and DEURACS. The DEURACS calculation reproduces the experimental DDXs for C at very forward angles than the PHITS one. Moreover, the incident energy dependence of the Li(d,xn) reaction was investigated by adding the DDX data measured previously at 25 and 40 MeV.

Systematic Study of Three-Nucleon Systems Dynamics in the Cross Section of the Deuteron-Proton Breakup Reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kłos, B.; Ciepał, I.; Jamróz, B.; Khatri, G.; Kistryn, S.; Kozela, A.; Magiera, A.; Parol, W.; Skwira-Chalot, I.; Stephan, E.

2014-08-01

An experiment to investigate the 1H( d, pp) n breakup reaction using a deuteron beam of 340, 380 and 400 MeV and the WASA detector has been performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich. The main goal was the detailed study of various aspects of few-nucleon dynamics in the medium energy region, with particular emphasis on relativistic effects and their interplay with three nucleon forces. These effects become more important with increasing available energy in the three nucleon system. Therefore the investigations at high energies are crucial to understand their nature. The almost 4 π geometry of the WASA detector gives an unique possibility to study various aspects of dynamics of processes in the three-nucleon reaction. Preliminary results obtained using the WASA detector are presented.

The energy spectrum of neutrons from 7Li(d,n)8Be reaction at deuteron energy 2.9 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitrofanov, Konstantin V.; Piksaikin, Vladimir M.; Zolotarev, Konstantin I.; Egorov, Andrey S.; Gremyachkin, Dmitrii E.

2017-09-01

The neutron beams generated at the electrostatic accelerators using nuclear reactions T(p,n)3He, D(d,n)3He, 7Li(p,n)7Be, T(d,n)4He, 7Li(d,n)8Be, 9Be(d,n)10B are widely used in neutron physics and in many practical applications. Among these reactions the least studied reactions are 7Li(d,n)8Be and 9Be(d,n)10B. The present work is devoted to the measurement of the neutron spectrum from 7Li(d,n)8Be reaction at 0∘ angle to the deuteron beam axis on the electrostatic accelerator Tandetron (JSC "SSC RF - IPPE") using activation method and a stilbene crystal scintillation detector. The first time ever 7Li(d,n)8Be reaction was measured by activation method. The target was a thick lithium layer on metallic backing. The energy of the incident deuteron was 2.9 MeV. As activation detectors a wide range of nuclear reactions were used: 27Al(n,p)27Mg, 27Al(n,α)24Na, 113In(n,n')113mIn, 115In(n,n')115mIn, 115In(n,γ)116mIn, 58Ni(n,p)58mCo, 58Ni(n,2n)57Ni, 197Au(n,γ)198Au, 197Au(n,2n)196Au, 59Co(n,p)59Fe, 59Co(n,2n)58m+gCo, 59Co (n,g)60Co. Measurement of the induced gamma-activity was carried out using HPGe detector Canberra GX5019 [1]. The up-to-date evaluations of the cross sections for these reactions were used in processing of the data. The program STAYSL was used to unfold the energy spectra. The neutron spectra obtained by activation detectors is consistent with the corresponding data measured by a stilbene crystal scintillation detector within their uncertainties.

Cross sections for nuclide production in proton- and deuteron-induced reactions on 93Nb measured using the inverse kinematics method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakano, Keita; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Kawase, Shoichiro; Wang, He; Otsu, Hideaki; Sakurai, Hiroyoshi; Takeuchi, Satoshi; Togano, Yasuhiro; Nakamura, Takashi; Maeda, Yukie; Ahn, Deuk Soon; Aikawa, Masayuki; Araki, Shouhei; Chen, Sidong; Chiga, Nobuyuki; Doornenbal, Pieter; Fukuda, Naoki; Ichihara, Takashi; Isobe, Tadaaki; Kawakami, Shunsuke; Kin, Tadahiro; Kondo, Yosuke; Koyama, Shunpei; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kubono, Shigeru; Kurokawa, Meiko; Makinaga, Ayano; Matsushita, Masafumi; Matsuzaki, Teiichiro; Michimasa, Shin'ichiro; Momiyama, Satoru; Nagamine, Shunsuke; Niikura, Megumi; Ozaki, Tomoyuki; Saito, Atsumi; Saito, Takeshi; Shiga, Yoshiaki; Shikata, Mizuki; Shimizu, Yohei; Shimoura, Susumu; Sumikama, Toshiyuki; Söderström, Pär-Anders; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Taniuchi, Ryo; Tsubota, Jun'ichi; Watanabe, Yasushi; Wimmer, Kathrin; Yamamoto, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Koichi

2017-09-01

Isotopic production cross sections were measured for proton- and deuteron-induced reactions on 93Nb by means of the inverse kinematics method at RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. The measured production cross sections of residual nuclei in the reaction 93Nb + p at 113 MeV/u were compared with previous data measured by the conventional activation method in the proton energy range between 46 and 249 MeV. The present inverse kinematics data of four reaction products (90Mo, 90Nb, 88Y, and 86Y) were in good agreement with the data of activation measurement. Also, the model calculations with PHITS describing the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes generally well reproduced the measured isotopic production cross sections.

Quark cluster model for deep-inelastic lepton-deuteron scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yen, G.; Vary, J. P.; Harindranath, A.; Pirner, H. J.

1990-10-01

We evaluate the contribution of quasifree nucleon knockout and of inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering in inclusive electron-deuteron reactions at large momentum transfer. We examine the degree of quantitative agreement with deuteron wave functions from the Reid soft-core and Bonn realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions. For the range of data available there is strong sensitivity to the tensor correlations which are distinctively different in these two deuteron models. At this stage of the analyses the Reid soft-core wave function provides a reasonable description of the data while the Bonn wave function does not. We then include a six-quark cluster component whose relative contribution is based on an overlap criterion and obtain a good description of all the data with both interactions. The critical separation at which overlap occurs (formation of six-quark clusters) is taken to be 1.0 fm and the six-quark cluster probability is 4.7% for Reid and 5.4% for Bonn. As a consequence the quark cluster model with either Reid or Bonn wave function describe the SLAC inclusive electron-deuteron scattering data equally well. We then show how additional data would be decisive in resolving which model is ultimately more correct.

Evaluation of excitation functions of proton and deuteron induced reactions on enriched tellurium isotopes with special relevance to the production of iodine-124.

PubMed

Aslam, M N; Sudár, S; Hussain, M; Malik, A A; Shah, H A; Qaim, S M

2010-09-01

Cross-section data for the production of medically important radionuclide (124)I via five proton and deuteron induced reactions on enriched tellurium isotopes were evaluated. The nuclear model codes, STAPRE, EMPIRE and TALYS, were used for consistency checks of the experimental data. Recommended excitation functions were derived using a well-defined statistical procedure. Therefrom integral yields were calculated. The various production routes of (124)I were compared. Presently the (124)Te(p,n)(124)I reaction is the method of choice; however, the (125)Te(p,2n)(124)I reaction also appears to have great potential.

Orientation effect in d(d,n)3He reaction initiated by 20 keV deuterons at channeling in textured CVD-Diamond target

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagulya, A. V.; Dalkarov, O. D.; Negodaev, M. A.; Pivovarov, Yu. L.; Rusetskii, A. S.; Tukhfatullin, T. A.

2017-07-01

Orientation effect of increasing the enhancement factor of DD-reaction in CVD-Diamond was investigated by simulation. It is obtained that the flux peaking effect up to 2.2 times increases the relative enhancement factor for a parallel beam and up to 1.2 times for the deuteron beam with angular divergence equals 3 critical channeling angles. Qualitative agreement with the experiment was obtained.

Beam-target double-spin asymmetry in quasielastic electron scattering off the deuteron with CLAS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mayer, M.; Kuhn, S. E.; Adhikari, K. P.; Akbar, Z.; Anefalos Pereira, S.; Asryan, G.; Avakian, H.; Badui, R. A.; Ball, J.; Baltzell, N. A.; Battaglieri, M.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Biselli, A. S.; Boiarinov, S.; Bosted, P.; Briscoe, W. J.; Brooks, W. K.; Bültmann, S.; Burkert, V. D.; Carman, D. S.; Celentano, A.; Charles, G.; Chetry, T.; Ciullo, G.; Clark, L.; Colaneri, L.; Cole, P. L.; Compton, N.; Contalbrigo, M.; Crede, V.; D'Angelo, A.; Dashyan, N.; De Vita, R.; De Sanctis, E.; Deur, A.; Djalali, C.; Dupre, R.; El Alaoui, A.; El Fassi, L.; Elouadrhiri, L.; Eugenio, P.; Fanchini, E.; Fedotov, G.; Fersch, R.; Filippi, A.; Fleming, J. A.; Forest, T. A.; Ghandilyan, Y.; Gilfoyle, G. P.; Giovanetti, K. L.; Girod, F. X.; Gleason, C.; Gothe, R. W.; Griffioen, K. A.; Guidal, M.; Guler, N.; Guo, L.; Hakobyan, H.; Hanretty, C.; Hattawy, M.; Hicks, K.; Holtrop, M.; Hughes, S. M.; Hyde, C. E.; Ilieva, Y.; Ireland, D. G.; Ishkhanov, B. S.; Isupov, E. L.; Jiang, H.; Keith, C.; Keller, D.; Khachatryan, G.; Khachatryan, M.; Khandaker, M.; Kim, A.; Kim, W.; Klein, A.; Kubarovsky, V.; Lanza, L.; Lenisa, P.; Livingston, K.; MacGregor, I. J. D.; McKinnon, B.; Meekins, D.; Mirazita, M.; Mokeev, V.; Movsisyan, A.; Net, L. A.; Niccolai, S.; Niculescu, G.; Osipenko, M.; Ostrovidov, A. I.; Paremuzyan, R.; Park, K.; Pasyuk, E.; Phelps, W.; Pogorelko, O.; Price, J. W.; Prok, Y.; Puckett, A. J. R.; Ripani, M.; Rizzo, A.; Rosner, G.; Rossi, P.; Sabatié, F.; Schumacher, R. A.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Skorodumina, Iu.; Smith, G. D.; Sokhan, D.; Sparveris, N.; Stankovic, I.; Stepanyan, S.; Strauch, S.; Sytnik, V.; Taiuti, M.; Tian, Ye; Torayev, B.; Ungaro, M.; Voskanyan, H.; Voutier, E.; Walford, N. K.; Weinstein, L. B.; Wood, M. H.; Zachariou, N.; Zhang, J.; Zonta, I.; CLAS Collaboration

2017-02-01

Background: The deuteron plays a pivotal role in nuclear and hadronic physics, as both the simplest bound multinucleon system and as an effective neutron target. Quasielastic electron scattering on the deuteron is a benchmark reaction to test our understanding of deuteron structure and the properties and interactions of the two nucleons bound in the deuteron. Purpose: The experimental data presented here can be used to test state-of-the-art models of the deuteron and the two-nucleon interaction in the final state after two-body breakup of the deuteron. Focusing on polarization degrees of freedom, we gain information on spin-momentum correlations in the deuteron ground state (due to the D -state admixture) and on the limits of the impulse approximation (IA) picture as it applies to measurements of spin-dependent observables like spin structure functions for bound nucleons. Information on this reaction can also be used to reduce systematic uncertainties on the determination of neutron form factors or deuteron polarization through quasielastic polarized electron scattering. Method: We measured the beam-target double-spin asymmetry (A||) for quasielastic electron scattering off the deuteron at several beam energies (1.6 -1.7 , 2.5, 4.2, and 5.6 -5.8 GeV ), using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The deuterons were polarized along (or opposite to) the beam direction. The double-spin asymmetries were measured as a function of photon virtuality Q2(0.13 -3.17 (GeV/c ) 2) , missing momentum (pm=0.0 -0.5 GeV /c ), and the angle between the (inferred) spectator neutron and the momentum transfer direction (θn q). Results: The results are compared with a recent model that includes final-state interactions (FSI) using a complete parametrization of nucleon-nucleon scattering, as well as a simplified model using the plane wave impulse approximation (PWIA). We find overall good agreement with both the PWIA and FSI

Proposal for the Simultaneous Measurement of the Neutron-Neutron and Neutron-Proton Quasi-Free Scattering Cross Section via the Neutron-Deuteron Breakup Reaction at E n = 19 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tornow, W.; Howell, C. R.; Crowell, A. S.

2013-12-01

In order to confirm or refute the present discrepancy between data and calculation for the neutron-neutron quasi-free scattering cross section in the neutron-deuteron breakup reaction, we describe a new experimental approach currently being pursued at TUNL.

Beam-target double-spin asymmetry in quasielastic electron scattering off the deuteron with CLAS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mayer, M.; Kuhn, S. E.; Adhikari, K. P.

Background: The deuteron plays a pivotal role in nuclear and hadronic physics, as both the simplest bound multi-nucleon system and as an ``effective neutron target''. Quasi-elastic electron scattering on the deuteron is a benchmark reaction to test our understanding of deuteron structure and the properties and interactions of the two nucleons bound in the deuteron. Purpose: The experimental data presented here test state-of-the-art models of the deuteron and the two-nucleon interaction in the final state after two-body breakup of the deuteron. Focusing on polarization degrees of freedom, we gain information on the limits of the Impulse Approximation (IA) picture andmore » put the interpretation of spin structure measurements with deuterium on a firmer footing. Information on this reaction can also be used to improve the determination of the deuteron polarization through quasi-elastic electron scattering. Method: We measured the beam-target double spin asymmetry (A||) for quasi-elastic electron scattering off the deuteron at several beam energies (1.6-1.7 GeV, 2.5 GeV, 4.2 GeV and 5.6-5.8 GeV), using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The deuterons were polarized along (or opposite to) the beam direction. The double spin asymmetries were measured as a function of photon virtuality Q2 (0.13-3.17 (GeV/c)2), missing momentum (pm = 0.0 - 0.5 GeV/c), and the angle between the (inferred) ``spectator'' neutron and the momentum transfer direction (θnq). Results: The results are compared with a recent model that includes Final State Interactions (FSI) using a complete parameterization of nucleon-nucleon scattering, as well as a simplified model using the Plane Wave Impulse Approximation (PWIA). We find overall good agreement with both the PWIA and FSI expectations at low to medium missing momenta (pm ≤ 0.25 GeV/c), including the change of the asymmetry due to the contribution of the deuteron D-state at

Investigating the foil-generated deuteron beam interaction with a DT target in degenerate and classical plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mehrangiz, M.; Ghasemizad, A.

2017-06-01

Deuteron fast ignition of a conically guided pre-compressed DT fuel is investigated. For this purpose, the acceleration of the deuterated thin foil by the intense laser beam is evaluated. The acceleration values and the number of foil-generated deuterons are calculated in terms of the laser pulse duration. Using the created deuterons as the fast ignitors, we investigate the fast ignition scheme by comparing fully degenerate, partial degenerate and classical types of DT plasma. The total energy gain of deuterons "beam fusion" is calculated to show the efficiency of beam reactions in increasing fusion rate. Besides, the stopping time and stopping range of incident deuterons are evaluated. Our numerical results indicate that degeneracy increases the beam-target collisions. Thus, it prepares the ignition situation sooner than the classical plasma. Moreover, the number of generated deuterons and their acceleration depend on the foil thickness and laser parameters. We show that when a 4ps laser with intensity of 10^{19} W/cm^2 focused onto a 20μm foil, 35× 10^{15} deuterons are generated. Moreover, under our analysis, in order to have a practicable fast ignition, 18% of the laser energy is necessary to convert into a deuteron driver.

Beam-target double-spin asymmetry in quasielastic electron scattering off the deuteron with CLAS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mayer, M.; Kuhn, S. E.; Adhikari, K. P.

The deuteron plays a pivotal role in nuclear and hadronic physics, as both the simplest bound multinucleon system and as an effective neutron target. Quasielastic electron scattering on the deuteron is a benchmark reaction to test our understanding of deuteron structure and the properties and interactions of the two nucleons bound in the deuteron. The experimental data presented here can be used to test state-of-the-art models of the deuteron and the two-nucleon interaction in the final state after two-body breakup of the deuteron. Focusing on polarization degrees of freedom, we gain information on spin-momentum correlations in the deuteron ground statemore » (due to the D-state admixture) and on the limits of the impulse approximation (IA) picture as it applies to measurements of spin-dependent observables like spin structure functions for bound nucleons. Information on this reaction can also be used to reduce systematic uncertainties on the determination of neutron form factors or deuteron polarization through quasielastic polarized electron scattering. Furthermore, we measured the beam-target double-spin asymmetry (A ||) for quasielastic electron scattering off the deuteron at several beam energies (1.6–1.7, 2.5, 4.2, and 5.6–5.8GeV), using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The deuterons were polarized along (or opposite to) the beam direction. The double-spin asymmetries were measured as a function of photon virtuality Q 2 (0.13–3.17(GeV/c) 2), missing momentum (p m=0.0–0.5GeV/c), and the angle between the (inferred) spectator neutron and the momentum transfer direction (θ nq). We compare our results with a recent model that includes final-state interactions (FSI) using a complete parametrization of nucleon-nucleon scattering, as well as a simplified model using the plane wave impulse approximation (PWIA). We find overall good agreement with both the PWIA and FSI expectations at low

Beam-target double-spin asymmetry in quasielastic electron scattering off the deuteron with CLAS

DOE PAGES

Mayer, M.; Kuhn, S. E.; Adhikari, K. P.; ...

2017-02-24

The deuteron plays a pivotal role in nuclear and hadronic physics, as both the simplest bound multinucleon system and as an effective neutron target. Quasielastic electron scattering on the deuteron is a benchmark reaction to test our understanding of deuteron structure and the properties and interactions of the two nucleons bound in the deuteron. The experimental data presented here can be used to test state-of-the-art models of the deuteron and the two-nucleon interaction in the final state after two-body breakup of the deuteron. Focusing on polarization degrees of freedom, we gain information on spin-momentum correlations in the deuteron ground statemore » (due to the D-state admixture) and on the limits of the impulse approximation (IA) picture as it applies to measurements of spin-dependent observables like spin structure functions for bound nucleons. Information on this reaction can also be used to reduce systematic uncertainties on the determination of neutron form factors or deuteron polarization through quasielastic polarized electron scattering. Furthermore, we measured the beam-target double-spin asymmetry (A ||) for quasielastic electron scattering off the deuteron at several beam energies (1.6–1.7, 2.5, 4.2, and 5.6–5.8GeV), using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The deuterons were polarized along (or opposite to) the beam direction. The double-spin asymmetries were measured as a function of photon virtuality Q 2 (0.13–3.17(GeV/c) 2), missing momentum (p m=0.0–0.5GeV/c), and the angle between the (inferred) spectator neutron and the momentum transfer direction (θ nq). We compare our results with a recent model that includes final-state interactions (FSI) using a complete parametrization of nucleon-nucleon scattering, as well as a simplified model using the plane wave impulse approximation (PWIA). We find overall good agreement with both the PWIA and FSI expectations at low

Hard breakup of the deuteron into two Δ -isobars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granados, Carlos; Sargsian, Misak

2011-04-01

Photodisintegration of the deuteron into two Δ-isobars at large center of mass angles is studied within the QCD hard rescattering model (HRM). According to the HRM, the reaction proceeds in three main steps: the photon knocks the quark from one of the nucleons in the deuteron; the struck quark rescatters off a quark from the other nucleon sharing the high energy of the photon; then the energetic quarks recombine into two outgoing baryons emerging at large transverse momenta. Within the HRM, the cross section is expressed through the amplitude of pn --> ΔΔ scattering which we evaluated based on the quark-interchange model of hard hadronic scattering. We predict that the cross section of the deuteron breakup to Δ++Δ- is 4-5 times larger than that of the breakup to the Δ+Δ0 channel. Also, the angular distributions for these two channels are markedly different. These can be compared with the predictions based on the assumption that two hard Δ-isobars are the result of the disintegration of initial ΔΔ components of the deuteron wave function. In this case, the angular distributions and cross sections of the breakup in both Δ++Δ- and Δ+Δ0 channels are expected to be similar. This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Grant under contract DE-FG02-01ER41172, and by the FIU DEA program.

Studies of the Three-Nucleon System Dynamics in the Deuteron-Proton Breakup Reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ciepał, I.; Kłos, B.; Stephan, E.; Kistryn, St.; Biegun, A.; Bodek, K.; Deltuva, A.; Epelbaum, E.; Eslami-Kalantari, M.; Fonseca, A. C.; Golak, J.; Jha, V.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kamada, H.; Khatri, G.; Kirillov, Da.; Kirillov, Di.; Kliczewski, St.; Kozela, A.; Kravcikova, M.; Machner, H.; Magiera, A.; Martinska, G.; Messchendorp, J.; Nogga, A.; Parol, W.; Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani, A.; Roy, B. J.; Sakai, H.; Sekiguchi, K.; Sitnik, I.; Siudak, R.; Skibiński, R.; Sworst, R.; Urban, J.; Witała, H.; Zejma, J.

2014-03-01

One of the most important goals of modern nuclear physics is to contruct nuclear force model which properly describes the experimental data. To develop and test predictions of current models the breakup 1H(overrightarrow d, pp)n reaction was investigated experimentally at 100 and 130 MeV deuteron beam energies. Rich set of data for cross section, vector and tensor analyzing powers was obtained with the use of the SALAD and BINA detectors at KVI and Germanium Wall setup at FZ-Jülich. Results are compared with various theoretical approaches which describe the three-nucleon (3N) system dynamics. For correct description of the cross section data both, three-nucleon force (3NF) and Coulomb force, have to be included into calculations and influence of those ingredients is seizable at specific parts of the phase space. In case of the vector analyzing powers very low sensitivity to any effects beyond nucleon-nucleon interaction was found. At 130 MeV, the Axy data are not correctly described when 3NF models are included into calculations.

Extension of activation cross section data of long lived products in deuteron induced nuclear reactions on platinum up to 50 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ditrói, F.; Tárkányi, F.; Takács, S.; Hermanne, A.

2017-06-01

In the frame of a systematical study of light ion induced nuclear reactions on platinum, activation cross sections for deuteron induced reactions were investigated. Excitation functions were measured in the 20.8-49.2 MeV energy range for the natPt(d,xn)191,192,193,194,195,196m2,196g,198g,199Au, natPt(d,x)188,189,191,195m,197m,197gPt and natPt(d,x)189,190,192,194m2Ir reactions by using the stacked foil irradiation technique. The experimental results are compared with previous results from the literature and with the theoretical predictions in the TENDL-2014 and TENDL-2015 libraries. The applicability of the produced radio-tracers for wear measurements has been presented.

Extension of activation cross-section data of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on cadmium up to 50 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hermanne, A.; Tárkányi, F.; Takács, S.; Ditrói, F.

2016-10-01

The excitation functions for 109,110g,111m+g,113m,114m,115mIn, 107,109,115m,115gCd and 105g,106m,110g,111Ag are presented for stacked foil irradiations on natCd targets in the 49-33 MeV deuteron energy domain. Reduced uncertainty is obtained by determining incident particle flux and energy scale relative to re-measured monitor reactions natAl(d,x)22,24Na. The results were compared to our earlier studies on natCd and on enriched 112Cd targets. The merit of the values predicted by the TALYS 1.6 code (resulting from a weighted combination of reaction cross-section data on all stable Cd isotopes as available in the on-line libraries TENDL-2014 and TENDL-2015) is discussed. Influence on optimal production routes for several radionuclides with practical applications (111In, 114mIn, 115Cd, 109,107Cd….) is reviewed.

Deuteron nuclear data for the design of accelerator-based neutron sources: Measurement, model analysis, evaluation, and application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watanabe, Yukinobu; Kin, Tadahiro; Araki, Shouhei; Nakayama, Shinsuke; Iwamoto, Osamu

2017-09-01

A comprehensive research program on deuteron nuclear data motivated by development of accelerator-based neutron sources is being executed. It is composed of measurements of neutron and gamma-ray yields and production cross sections, modelling of deuteron-induced reactions and code development, nuclear data evaluation and benchmark test, and its application to medical radioisotopes production. The goal of this program is to develop a state-of-the-art deuteron nuclear data library up to 200 MeV which will be useful for the design of future (d,xn) neutron sources. The current status and future plan are reviewed.

Study of proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on the long-lived fission product 93Zr at 105 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawase, Shoichiro; Nakano, Keita; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Wang, He; Otsu, Hideaki; Sakurai, Hiroyoshi; Ahn, Deuk Soon; Aikawa, Masayuki; Ando, Takashi; Araki, Shouhei; Chen, Sidong; Chiga, Nobuyuki; Doornenbal, Pieter; Fukuda, Naoki; Isobe, Tadaaki; Kawakami, Shunsuke; Kin, Tadahiro; Kondo, Yosuke; Koyama, Shunpei; Kubono, Shigeru; Maeda, Yukie; Makinaga, Ayano; Matsushita, Masafumi; Matsuzaki, Teiichiro; Michimasa, Shin'ichiro; Momiyama, Satoru; Nagamine, Shunsuke; Nakamura, Takashi; Niikura, Megumi; Ozaki, Tomoyuki; Saito, Atsumi; Saito, Takeshi; Shiga, Yoshiaki; Shikata, Mizuki; Shimizu, Yohei; Shimoura, Susumu; Sumikama, Toshiyuki; Söderström, Pär-Anders; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Takeuchi, Satoshi; Taniuchi, Ryo; Togano, Yasuhiro; Tsubota, Jun'ichi; Uesaka, Meiko; Watanabe, Yasushi; Wimmer, Kathrin; Yamamoto, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Koichi

2017-09-01

Spallation reactions for the long-lived fission product ^{93}Zr have been studied in order to provide basic data necessary for nuclear waste transmutation. Isotopic-production cross sections via proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on ^{93}Zr at 105 MeV/nucleon were measured in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Remarkable jumps in isotopic production originating from the neutron magic number N=50 were observed in Zr and Y isotopes. The experimental results were compared to the PHITS calculations considering both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes, and the calculations greatly overestimated the measured production yield, corresponding to few-nucleon-removal reactions. The present data suggest that the spallation reaction is a potential candidate for the treatment of ^{93}Zr in spent nuclear fuel.

Scale dependence of deuteron electrodisintegration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

More, S. N.; Bogner, S. K.; Furnstahl, R. J.

2017-11-01

Background: Isolating nuclear structure properties from knock-out reactions in a process-independent manner requires a controlled factorization, which is always to some degree scale and scheme dependent. Understanding this dependence is important for robust extractions from experiment, to correctly use the structure information in other processes, and to understand the impact of approximations for both. Purpose: We seek insight into scale dependence by exploring a model calculation of deuteron electrodisintegration, which provides a simple and clean theoretical laboratory. Methods: By considering various kinematic regions of the longitudinal structure function, we can examine how the components—the initial deuteron wave function, the current operator, and the final-state interactions (FSIs)—combine at different scales. We use the similarity renormalization group to evolve each component. Results: When evolved to different resolutions, the ingredients are all modified, but how they combine depends strongly on the kinematic region. In some regions, for example, the FSIs are largely unaffected by evolution, while elsewhere FSIs are greatly reduced. For certain kinematics, the impulse approximation at a high renormalization group resolution gives an intuitive picture in terms of a one-body current breaking up a short-range correlated neutron-proton pair, although FSIs distort this simple picture. With evolution to low resolution, however, the cross section is unchanged but a very different and arguably simpler intuitive picture emerges, with the evolved current efficiently represented at low momentum through derivative expansions or low-rank singular value decompositions. Conclusions: The underlying physics of deuteron electrodisintegration is scale dependent and not just kinematics dependent. As a result, intuition about physics such as the role of short-range correlations or D -state mixing in particular kinematic regimes can be strongly scale dependent

One-neutron stripping processes to excited states of *90Y in the 89Y(6Li,5Li )*90Y reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, G. L.; Zhang, G. X.; Hu, S. P.; Yao, Y. J.; Xiang, J. B.; Zhang, H. Q.; Lubian, J.; Ferreira, J. L.; Paes, B.; Cardozo, E. N.; Sun, H. B.; Valiente-Dobón, J. J.; Testov, D.; Goasduff, A.; John, P. R.; Siciliano, M.; Galtarossa, F.; Francesco, R.; Mengoni, D.; Bazzacco, D.; Li, E. T.; Hao, X.; Qu, W. W.

2018-01-01

The measurement of one-neutron stripping cross sections for the 89Y(6Li,5Li )*90Y reaction at 22 MeV and 34 MeV is reported, using both in-beam and off-beam γ -ray spectroscopy methods. Characteristic γ lines of 90Y are clearly identified by both the γ -γ and proton-γ coincidence methods. The obtained cross section of one-neutron stripping at 34 MeV is found to be much smaller than that at 22 MeV. The one-neutron stripping cross sections measured for this system have the same order of magnitude as the one measured for the same reaction for the 6Li+96Zr system at energies around the Coulomb barrier. Parameter-free coupled reaction channel calculations agree quite well with the experimental data. Theoretical study of the effect of the one-neutron transfer on the elastic total fusion cross section is performed.

Measurements of Deuteron-Induced Activation Cross Sections for IFMIF Accelerator Structural Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakao, Makoto; Hori, Jun-ichi; Ochiai, Kentaro; Sato, Satoshi; Yamauchi, Michinori; Ishioka, Noriko S.; Nishitani, Takeo

2005-05-01

Activation cross sections for deuteron-induced reactions on aluminum, copper, and tungsten were measured by using a stacked-foil method. The stacked foils were irradiated with deuteron beam at the AVF cyclotron in the TIARA facility, JAERI. We obtained the activation cross sections for 27Al(d,2p)27Mg, 27Al(d,x)24Na, natCu(d,x)62,63Zn, 61,64Cu, and natW(d,x)181-184,186Re, 187W in the 22-40 MeV region. These cross sections were compared with other experimental ones and the data in the ACSELAM library calculated by the ALICE-F code.

A liquid hydrocarbon deuteron source for neutron generators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwoebel, P. R.

2017-06-01

Experimental studies of a deuteron spark source for neutron generators using hydrogen isotope fusion reactions are reported. The ion source uses a spark discharge between electrodes coated with a deuterated hydrocarbon liquid, here Santovac 5, to inhibit permanent electrode erosion and extend the lifetime of high-output neutron generator spark ion sources. Thompson parabola mass spectra show that principally hydrogen and deuterium ions are extracted from the ion source. Hydrogen is the chief residual gas phase species produced due to source operation in a stainless-steel vacuum chamber. The prominent features of the optical emission spectra of the discharge are C+ lines, the hydrogen Balmer Hα-line, and the C2 Swan bands. Operation of the ion source was studied in a conventional laboratory neutron generator. The source delivered an average deuteron current of ˜0.5 A nominal to the target in a 5 μs duration pulse at 1 Hz with target voltages of -80 to -100 kV. The thickness of the hydrocarbon liquid in the spark gap and the consistency thereof from spark to spark influences the deuteron yield and plays a role in determining the beam-focusing characteristics through the applied voltage necessary to break down the spark gap. Higher breakdown voltages result in larger ion beam spots on the target and vice-versa. Because the liquid self-heals and thereby inhibits permanent electrode erosion, the liquid-based source provides long life, with 104 pulses to date, and without clear evidence that, in principle, the lifetime could not be much longer. Initial experiments suggest that an alternative cylindrical target-type generator design can extract approximately 10 times the deuteron current from the source. Preliminary data using the deuterated source liquid as a neutron-producing target are also presented.

Negative Charged Pion Production on a Deuteron by Quasi-Real Photons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gauzshtein, V. V.; Dusaev, R. R.; Loginov, A. Yu.; Nikolenko, D. M.; Sidorov, A. A.; Stibunov, V. N.

2013-12-01

Experimental differential cross sections of photoproduction of negative pions on a deuteron have been obtained as functions of the polar angle of emission of π- mesons. A comparison is made of the measured cross sections with the results of calculations in a model that takes account the interaction in the final state of the reaction.

Evaluation of nuclear reaction cross section data for the production of (87)Y and (88)Y via proton, deuteron and alpha-particle induced transmutations.

PubMed

Zaneb, H; Hussain, M; Amjad, N; Qaim, S M

2016-06-01

Proton, deuteron and alpha-particle induced reactions on (87,88)Sr, (nat)Zr and (85)Rb targets were evaluated for the production of (87,88)Y. The literature data were compared with nuclear model calculations using the codes ALICE-IPPE, TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE 3.2. The evaluated cross sections were generated; therefrom thick target yields of (87,88)Y were calculated. Analysis of radio-yttrium impurities and yield showed that the (87)Sr(p, n)(87)Y and (88)Sr(p, n)(88)Y reactions are the best routes for the production of (87)Y and (88)Y respectively. The calculated yield for the (87)Sr(p, n)(87)Y reaction is 104 MBq/μAh in the energy range of 14→2.7MeV. Similarly, the calculated yield for the (88)Sr(p, n)(88)Y reaction is 3.2 MBq/μAh in the energy range of 15→7MeV. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Spin-Flipping Polarized Deuterons At COSY

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yonehara, K.; Krisch, A. D.; Morozov, V. S.; Raymond, R. S.; Wong, V. K.; Bechstedt, U.; Gebel, R.; Lehrach, A.; Lorenz, B.; Maier, R.; Prasuhn, D.; Schnase, A.; Stockhorst, H.; Eversheim, D.; Hinterberger, F.; Rohdjess, H.; Ulbrich, K.; Scobel, W.

2004-02-01

We recently stored a 1.85 GeV/c vertically polarized deuteron beam in the COSY Ring in Jülich; we then spin-flipped it by ramping a new air-core rf dipole's frequency through an rf-induced spin resonance to manipulate the polarization direction of the deuteron beam. We first experimentally determined the resonance's frequency and set the dipole's rf voltage to its maximum; then we varied its frequency ramp time and frequency range. We used the EDDA detector to measure the vector and tensor polarization asymmetries. We have not yet extracted the deuteron's tensor polarization spin-flip parameters from the measured data, since our short run did not provide adequate tensor analyzing-power data at 1.85 GeV/c. However, with a 100 Hz frequency ramp and our longest ramp time of 400 s, the deuterons' vector polarization spin-flip efficiency was 48±1%.

Source dynamics from deuteron and anti-deuteron measurements in Au+Au collisions at \\sqrt{s_NN} = 200 GeV in PHENIX

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valle, Hugo E.; PHENIX Collaboration

2008-10-01

The production of deuterons and anti-deuterons in the transverse momentum range 1.1 deuterons as a function of pT and Npart has been studied. The large RCP of deuterons at intermediate pT is consistent with neutron production having similar centrality dependence to that of protons.

Deuterium cluster model for low energy nuclear reactions (LENR)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miley, George; Hora, Heinrich

2007-11-01

For studying the possible reactions of high density deuterons on the background of a degenerate electron gas, a summary of experimental observations resulted in the possibility of reactions in pm distance and more than ksec duration similar to the K-shell electron capture [1]. The essential reason was the screening of the deuterons by a factor of 14 based on the observations. Using the bosonic properties for a cluster formation of the deuterons and a model of compound nuclear reactions [2], the measured distribution of the resulting nuclei may be explained as known from the Maruhn-Greiner theory for fission. The local maximum of the distribution at the main minimum indicates the excited states of the compound nuclei during their intermediary state. This measured local maximum may be an independent proof for the deuteron clusters at LENR. [1] H. Hora, G.H. Miley et al. Physics Letters A175, 138 (1993) [2] H. Hora and G.H. Miley, APS March Meeting 2007, Program p. 116

Proton-deuteron double scattering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, J. W.

1974-01-01

A simple but accurate form for the proton-deuteron elastic double scattering amplitude, which includes both projectile and target recoil motion and is applicable at all momentum transfer, is derived by taking advantage of the restricted range of Fermi momentum allowed by the deuteron wave function. This amplitude can be directly compared to approximations which have neglected target recoil or are limited to small momentum transfer; the target recoil and large momentum transfer effects are evaluated explicitly within the context of a Gaussian model.

Targets for production of the medical radioisotopes with alpha and proton or deuteron beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stolarz, Anna; Kowalska, J. A.; Jastrzebski, J.; Choiński, J.; Sitarz, M.; Szkliniarz, K.; Trzcińska, A.; Zipper, W.

2018-05-01

The research quantities of some medical radioisotopes were produced in reactions induced by 32 MeV internal alpha beam (211At, Sc isotopes), 16 MeV and 28 MeV proton beams (Sc isotopes) and 8 MeV deuteron beam (Sc isotopes). The frame-less targets used for irradiation with internal alpha beam were prepared from elemental (Bi for 211At) and compound (CaCO3 for Sc radioisotopes) materials. The CaCO3 powder targets were also used for production of Sc radioisotopes with proton or deuteron external beams. Methods developed for preparation of the targets suitable for the irradiating beam type are described in this work.

Low-energy nuclear reactions in crystal structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bagulya, A. V.; Dalkarov, O. D.; Negodaev, M. A.; Rusetskii, A. S.

2017-09-01

Results of studying low-energy nuclear reactions at the HELIS facility (LPI) are presented. Investigations of yields from DD reactions in deuterated crystal structures at deuteron energies of 10 to 25 keV show a considerable enhancement effect. It is shown that exposure of the deuterated targets to the H+ (proton) and Ne+ beams with energies from 10 to 25 keV and an X-ray beam with the energy of 20 to 30 keV stimulates DD reaction yields. For the CVD diamond target, it is shown that its orientation with respect to the deuteron beam affects the neutron yield. The D+ beam is shown to cause much higher heat release in the TiDx target than the H+ and Ne+ beams, and this heat release depends on the deuterium concentration in the target and the current density of the deuteron beam.

Santilli’s hadronic mechanics of formation of deuteron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dhondge, Sudhakar S.

2015-03-10

In the present communication a brief review of the structure of deuteron proposed by Professor Santilli [1, 2] and its physical properties have been presented. Although Deuteron is a simple molecule, quantum mechanics has been unable to explain its different properties like the spin, magnetic moment, binding energy, stability, charge radius, dipole moment, etc. However, the Hadronic Mechanics developed by Santilli and applied by him [1, 2] to deuteron has succeeded in explaining the above properties to the scientific satisfaction. Santilli proposed Deuteron as a three body system which could take care of all the insufficiencies of quantum mechanics.

Survey of Nuclear Activations for Intense Proton and Deuteron Beams

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-24

1.115 64Zn(d,t)6𔃽 Zn -5.60 ÷ 38 min 2.34 0.51 64Zn(d,a)’ 2 Cu 7.52 ÷ 9.8 min 2.93 0.51 6’Zn(d,2p) 64Cu -2.01 - 12.8 hr 0.575 - c,o+ 12.8 hr 0.656...and for the activation of 5aCo by deuterons on a natural nickel target. 43 THICK-TARGET YIELDS Copper Target 1000 63Cu(d,p) 64Cu 65Cu(d,p)66Cu o 100 6...activation of 1 5 Zn by deuterons and for the GCZn(d,n)"Ga, ’,IZn(d,p)60 Zn, 6SZn(d,p)69mZn, 6 6 Zn(d,(X) 64Cu , and 68Zn(d,2n)6,8Ga reactions in a natural zinc target. 45

Polarization observables in hard rescattering mechanism of deuteron photodisintegration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sargsian, Misak M.

2004-05-01

Polarization properties of high energy photodisintegration of the deuteron are studied within the framework of the hard rescattering mechanism (HRM). In HRM, a quark of one nucleon knocked-out by the incoming photon rescatters with a quark of the other nucleon leading to the production of two nucleons with high relative momentum. Summation of all relevant quark rescattering amplitudes allows us to express the scattering amplitude of the reaction through the convolution of a hard photon-quark interaction vertex, the large angle p-n scattering amplitude and the low momentum deuteron wave function. Within HRM, it is demonstrated that the polarization observables in hard photodisintegration of the deuteron can be expressed through the five helicity amplitudes of NN scattering at high momentum transfer. At 90° CM scattering HRM predicts the dominance of the isovector channel of hard pn rescattering, and it explains the observed smallness of induced, Py and transfered, Cx polarizations without invoking the argument of helicity conservation. Namely, HRM predicts that Py and Cx are proportional to the φ5 helicity amplitude which vanishes at θcm=90° due to symmetry reasons. HRM predicts also a nonzero value for Cz in the helicity-conserving regime and a positive Σ asymmetry which is related to the dominance of the isovector channel in the hard reinteraction. We extend our calculations to the region where large polarization effects are observed in pp scattering as well as give predictions for angular dependences.

Components of polarization-transfer to a bound proton in a deuteron measured by quasi-elastic electron scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Izraeli, D.; Yaron, I.; Schlimme, B. S.; Achenbach, P.; Arenhövel, H.; Ashkenazi, A.; Beričič, J.; Böhm, R.; Bosnar, D.; Cohen, E. O.; Distler, M. O.; Esser, A.; Friščić, I.; Gilman, R.; Korover, I.; Lichtenstadt, J.; Mardor, I.; Merkel, H.; Middleton, D. G.; Mihovilovič, M.; Müller, U.; Olivenboim, M.; Piasetzky, E.; Pochodzalla, J.; Ron, G.; Schoth, M.; Schulz, F.; Sfienti, C.; Širca, S.; Štajner, S.; Strauch, S.; Thiel, M.; Tyukin, A.; Weber, A.; A1 Collaboration

2018-06-01

We report the first measurements of the transverse (Px and Py) and longitudinal (Pz) components of the polarization transfer to a bound proton in the deuteron via the 2H (e → ,e‧ p →) reaction, over a wide range of missing momentum. A precise determination of the electron beam polarization reduces the systematic uncertainties on the individual components to a level that enables a detailed comparison to a state-of-the-art calculation of the deuteron using free-proton electromagnetic form factors. We observe very good agreement between the measured and the calculated Px /Pz ratios, but deviations of the individual components. Our results cannot be explained by medium modified electromagnetic form factors. They point to an incomplete description of the nuclear reaction mechanism in the calculation.

The Polarized Deuteron Breakup Experiment at COSY

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rathmann, F.; Barsov, S.; Dymov, S.; Kacharava, A.; Khoukaz, A.; Komarov, V.; Kulikov, A.; Kurbatov, A.; Lang, N.; Lehmann, I.; Lorentz, B.; Macharashvili, G.; Mussgiller, A.; Paetz gen. Schieck, H.; Schleichert, R.; Seyfarth, H.; Steffens, E.; Ströher, H.; Uzikov, Yu.; Yaschenko, S.; Zalikhanov, B.

2003-07-01

A study of the deuteron breakup reaction pd → (pp)n with forward emission of a fast proton pair with small excitation energy Epp < 3 MeV has been performed using the ANKE spectrometer at COSY Jülich. The differential cross section of the breakup reaction, averaged up to 8° over the cm polar angle of the total momentum of the pp pairs, has been obtained at six proton beam energies Tp = 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.95, 1.35, and 1.9 GeV. A first measurement of the vector analyzing power Ayp has been carried out, using a polarization normalization obtained with the EDDA detector. In addition, for the first time asymmetries of p⃗d elastic scattering at Tp = 500 MeV have been recorded with the spectator setup at ANKE.

Mode-specific multi-channel dynamics of the F- + CHD2Cl reaction on a global ab initio potential energy surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szabó, István; Czakó, Gábor

2016-10-01

We report a detailed quasiclassical trajectory study for the dynamics of the ground-state and CH/CD stretching-excited F- + CHD2Cl(vCH/CD = 0, 1) → Cl- + CHD2F, HF + CD2Cl-, and DF + CHDCl- SN2, proton-, and deuteron-abstraction reactions using a full-dimensional global ab initio analytical potential energy surface. The simulations show that (a) CHD2Cl(vCH/CD = 1), especially for vCH = 1, maintains its mode-specific excited character prior to interaction, (b) the SN2 reaction is vibrationally mode-specific, (c) double inversion can occur and is enhanced upon CH/CD stretching excitations, (d) in the abstraction reactions the HF channel is preferred and the vCH/CD = 1 excitations significantly promote the HF/DF channels, (e) back-side rebound, back-side stripping, and front-side stripping are the dominant direct abstraction mechanisms based on correlated scattering- and attack-angle distributions, (f) the exact classical vibrational energy-based Gaussian binning (1GB) provides realistic mode-specific polyatomic product state distributions, (g) in the abstraction reactions CH and CD stretchings are not pure spectator modes and mainly ground-state products are produced, thus most of the initial energy transfers into product translation, and (h) the HF and DF product molecules are rotationally cold without any significant dependence on the reactant's and HF/DF vibrational states.

Intense combined source of neutrons and photons for interrogation based on compact deuteron RF accelerator

DOE PAGES

Kurennoy, S. S.; Garnett, R. W.; Rybarcyk, L. J.

2015-06-18

Interrogation of special nuclear materials can benefit from mobile sources providing significant fluxes of neutrons (10 8/s at 2.5 MeV, 10 10/s at 14.1 MeV) and of photons (>10 12/s at 1-3 MeV). We propose a source that satisfies these requirements simultaneously plus also provides, via the reaction 11B(d,n) 12C(γ 15.1), a significant flux of 15-MeV photons, which are highly penetrating and optimal for inducing photo-fission in actinides. The source is based on a compact (< 5 m) deuteron RF accelerator that delivers an average current of a few mA of deuterons at 3-4 MeV to a boron target.more » The accelerator consists of a short RFQ followed by efficient inter-digital H-mode structures with permanent-magnet-quadrupole beam focusing [Kurennoy et al. (2012)], which suit perfectly for deuteron acceleration at low energies. Our estimates, based on recent measurements, indicate that the required fluxes of both neutrons and photons can be achieved at ~1 mA of 4-MeV deuterons. The goal of the proposed study is to confirm feasibility of the approach and develop requirements for future full system implementation.« less

Cross-sections of residual nuclei from deuteron irradiation of thin thorium target at energy 7 GeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vespalec, Radek; Adam, Jindrich; Baldin, Anton Alexandrovich; Khushvaktov, Jurabek; Solnyshkin, Alexander Alexandrovich; Tsoupko-Sitnikov, Vsevolod Mikhailovich; Tyutyunikov, Sergey Ivanovich; Vrzalova, Jitka; Zavorka, Lukas; Zeman, Miroslav

2017-09-01

The residual nuclei yields are of great importance for the estimation of basic radiation-technology characteristics (like a total target activity, production of long-lived nuclides etc.) of accelerator driven systems planned for transmutation of spent nuclear fuel and for a design of radioisotopes production facilities. Experimental data are also essential for validation of nuclear codes describing various stages of a spallation reaction. Therefore, the main aim of this work is to add new experimental data in energy region of relativistic deuterons, as similar data are missing in nuclear databases. The sample made of thin natural thorium foil was irradiated at JINR Nuclotron accelerator with a deuteron beam of the total kinetic energy 7 GeV. Integral number of deuterons was determined with the use of aluminum activation detectors. Products of deuteron induced spallation reaction were qualified and quantified by means of gamma-ray spectroscopy method. Several important spectroscopic corrections were applied to obtain results of high accuracy. Experimental cumulative and independent cross-sections were determined for more than 80 isotopes including meta-stable isomers. The total uncertainty of results rarely exceeded 9%. Experimental results were compared with MCNP6.1 Monte-Carlo code predictions. Generally, experimental and calculated cross-sections are in a reasonably good agreement, with the exception of a few light isotopes in a fragmentation region, where the calculations are highly under-estimated. Measured data will be useful for future development of high-energy nuclear codes. After completion, final data will be added into the EXFOR database.

Efficient neutron production from sub-nanosecond laser pulse accelerating deuterons on target front side

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klir, D.; Krasa, J.; Cikhardt, J.; Dudzak, R.; Krousky, E.; Pfeifer, M.; Rezac, K.; Sila, O.; Skala, J.; Ullschmied, J.; Velyhan, A.

2015-09-01

Neutron-producing experiments have been carried out on the Prague Asterix Laser System. At the fundamental wavelength of 1.315 μm, the laser pulse of a 600 J energy and 300 ps duration was focused on a thick deuterated-polyethylene target. Neutron yields reached (4.1 ± 0.8) × 108 at the peak intensity of ≈3 × 1016 W/cm2. A more detailed analysis of neutron time-of-flight signals showed that a significant fraction of neutron yields was produced both by the 2H(d,n)3He reaction and by other neutron-producing reactions. Neutron energies together with delayed neutron and gamma emission showed that MeV deuterons escaped from a laser-produced plasma and interacted ≈50 ns later with a borosilicate blast-shield glass. In order to increase DD neutron yields and to characterize deuteron beams via nuclear reactions, a secondary deuterated polyethylene target was used in a pitcher-catcher scheme at the target front side. In this experimental arrangement, the neutron yield reached (2.0 ± 0.5) × 109 with the peak neutron fluence of (2.5 ± 0.5) × 108 n/sr. From the neutron yield, it was calculated that the secondary target was bombarded by 2 × 1014 deuterons in the 0.5-2.0 MeV energy range. The neutron yield of 2 × 109 at the laser energy of 600 J implied the production efficiency of 3 × 106 n/J. A very important result is that the efficient neutron production was achieved with the low contrast, sub-nanosecond laser pulse of the intensity of 1016 W/cm2. The latter parameters can be achieved in a rep-rate mode more easily than ultra-high intensities and contrasts.

Momentum distribution of nucleons in the deuteron on the basis of the Moscow potential

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Neudatchin, V. G.; Khokhlov, N. A.

Themomentum distribution of nucleons in the deuteron is calculated for the Moscow and Paris nucleon-nucleon potentials. It is shown that the Moscow potential provides a better description of the distribution deduced from data on the reaction d(e, e Prime p)n in the region close to the kinematical region of quasielastic proton knockout.

Deuteron Beam Source Based on Mather Type Plasma Focus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lim, L. K.; Yap, S. L.; Wong, C. S.; Zakaullah, M.

2013-04-01

A 3 kJ Mather type plasma focus system filled with deuterium gas is operated at pressure lower than 1 mbar. Operating the plasma focus in a low pressure regime gives a consistent ion beam which can make the plasma focus a reliable ion beam source. In our case, this makes a good deuteron beam source, which can be utilized for neutron generation by coupling a suitable target. This paper reports ion beam measurements obtained at the filling pressure of 0.05-0.5 mbar. Deuteron beam energy is measured by time of flight technique using three biased ion collectors. The ion beam energy variation with the filling pressure is investigated. Deuteron beam of up to 170 keV are obtained with the strongest deuteron beam measured at 0.1 mbar, with an average energy of 80 keV. The total number of deuterons per shot is in the order of 1018 cm-2.

Systematic measurement of double-differential neutron production cross sections for deuteron-induced reactions at an incident energy of 102 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Araki, Shouhei; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Kitajima, Mizuki; Sadamatsu, Hiroki; Nakano, Keita; Kin, Tadahiro; Iwamoto, Yosuke; Satoh, Daiki; Hagiwara, Masayuki; Yashima, Hiroshi; Shima, Tatsushi

2017-01-01

Double-differential neutron production cross sections (DDXs) for deuteron-induced reactions on Li, Be, C, Al, Cu, and Nb at 102 MeV were measured at forward angles ≤25° by means of a time of flight (TOF) method with NE213 liquid organic scintillators at the Research Center of Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. The experimental DDXs and energy-integrated cross sections were compared with TENDL-2015 data and Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) calculation using a combination of the KUROTAMA model, the Liege Intra-Nuclear Cascade model, and the generalized evaporation model. The PHITS calculation showed better agreement with the experimental results than TENDL-2015 for all target nuclei, although the shape of the broad peak around 50 MeV was not satisfactorily reproduced by the PHITS calculation.

Measurement of the photodissociation of the deuteron at energies relevant to Big Bang nucleosynthesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hannaske, R.; Bemmerer, D.; Beyer, R.; Birgersson, E.; Ferrari, A.; Grosse, E.; Junghans, A. R.; Kempe, M.; Kögler, T.; Kosev, K.; Marta, M.; Massarczyk, R.; Matic, A.; Schilling, K. D.; Schramm, G.; Schwengner, R.; Wagner, A.; Yakorev, D.

2016-01-01

The photodissociation of the deuteron is a key reaction in Big Bang nucleosynthesis, but is only sparsely measured in the relevant energy range. To determine the cross section of the d(γ,n)p reaction we used pulsed bremsstrahlung and measured the time-of-flight of the neutrons. In this article, we describe how the efficiency of the neutron detectors was experimentally determined and how the modification of the neutron spectrum by parts of the experimental setup was simulated and corrected.

Delta-Isobar Production in the Hard Photodisintegration of a Deuteron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granados, Carlos; Sargsian, Misak

2010-02-01

Hard photodisintegration of the deuteron in delta-isobar production channels is proposed as a useful process in identifying the quark structure of hadrons and of hadronic interactions at large momentum and energy transfer. The reactions are modeled using the hard re scattering model, HRM, following previous works on hard breakup of a nucleon nucleon (NN) system in light nuclei. Here,quantitative predictions through the HRM require the numerical input of fits of experimental NN hard elastic scattering cross sections. Because of the lack of data in hard NN scattering into δ-isobar channels, the cross section of the corresponding photodisintegration processes cannot be predicted in the same way. Instead, the corresponding NN scattering process is modeled through the quark interchange mechanism, QIM, leaving an unknown normalization parameter. The observables of interest are ratios of differential cross sections of δ-isobar production channels to NN breakup in deuteron photodisintegration. Both entries in these ratios are derived through the HRM and QIM so that normalization parameters cancel out and numerical predictions can be obtained. )

Metallurgical reactions in two industrially strip-cast aluminum-manganese alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, V.; Andersson, B.; Tibballs, J. E.; Gjønnes, J.

1995-08-01

Precipitation, phase transformation, subgrain growth, and recrystallization that occur during heat treatment of two strip-cast, cold-rolled, high manganese aluminum alloys have been studied mainly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The alloys differ in silicon content. The isothermal heat treatments have been performed in a salt bath at temperatures between 330 °C and 530 °C for times up to 1000 hours. Size distributions for each type of secondary particle have been determined. After short annealing times, small quasicrystals precipitated and subsequently transformed to α phase. The densities of these precipitates controlled dislocation movement and regulated subgrain sizes. Prolonged heating resulted in peritectoid reactions to Al6Mn or Al12Mn. Recrystallization, which is associated with the formation of Al12Mn, is advanced by increasing the silicon content; the nucleation and growth of Al12Mn occurs only at the expense of other phases that stabilize the subgrain network.

Deuteron electromagnetic form factors with the light-front approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Bao-dong; Dong, Yu-bing

2017-01-01

The electromagnetic form factors and low-energy observables of the deuteron are studied with the help of the light-front approach, where the deuteron is regarded as a weakly bound state of a proton and a neutron. Both the S and D wave interacting vertexes among the deuteron, proton, and neutron are taken into account. Moreover, the regularization functions are also introduced. In our calculations, the vertex and the regularization functions are employed to simulate the momentum distribution inside the deuteron. Our numerical results show that the light-front approach can roughly reproduce the deuteron electromagnetic form factors, like charge G 0, magnetic G 1, and quadrupole G 2, in the low Q 2 region. The important effect of the D wave vertex on G 2 is also addressed. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10975146, 11475192), The fund provided by the Sino-German CRC 110 “Symmetries and the Emergence of Structure in QCD" project is also appreciated, YBD thanks FAPESP grant 2011/11973-4 for funding his visit to ICTP-SAIFR

7Li(d,p)8Li transfer reaction in the NCSM/RGM approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raimondi, F.; Hupin, G.; Navrátil, P.; Quaglioni, S.

2018-03-01

Recently, we applied an ab initio method, the no-core shell model combined with the resonating group method, to the transfer reactions with light p-shell nuclei as targets and deuteron as the projectile. In particular, we studied the elastic scattering of deuterium on 7Li and the 7Li(d,p)8Li transfer reaction starting from a realistic two-nucleon interaction. In this contribution, we review of our main results on the 7Li(d,p)8Li transfer reaction, and we extend the study of the relevant reaction channels, by showing the dominant resonant phase shifts of the scattering matrix. We assess also the impact of the polarization effects of the deuteron below the breakup on the positive-parity resonant states in the reaction. For this purpose, we perform an analysis of the convergence trend of the phase and eigenphase shifts, with respect to the number of deuteron pseudostates included in the model space.

Reductive stripping process for the recovery of uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid

DOEpatents

Hurst, Fred J.; Crouse, David J.

1984-01-01

A reductive stripping flow sheet for recovery of uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid is described. Uranium is stripped from a uranium-loaded organic phase by a redox reaction converting the uranyl to uranous ion. The uranous ion is reoxidized to the uranyl oxidation state to form an aqueous feed solution highly concentrated in uranium. Processing of this feed through a second solvent extraction cycle requires far less stripping reagent as compared to a flow sheet which does not include the reductive stripping reaction.

Time-resolved characteristics of deuteron-beam generated by plasma focus discharge.

PubMed

Lim, Lian-Kuang; Yap, Seong-Ling; Bradley, D A

2018-01-01

The plasma focus device discussed herein is a Z-pinch pulsed-plasma arrangement. In this, the plasma is heated and compressed into a cylindrical column, producing a typical density of > 1025 particles/m3 and a temperature of (1-3) × 107 oC. The plasma focus has been widely investigated as a radiation source, including as ion-beams, electron-beams and as a source of x-ray and neutron production, providing considerable scope for use in a variety of technological situations. Thus said, the nature of the radiation emission depends on the dynamics of the plasma pinch. In this study of the characteristics of deuteron-beam emission, in terms of energy, fluence and angular distribution were analyzed. The 2.7 kJ plasma focus discharge has been made to operate at a pressure of less than 1 mbar rather than at its more conventional operating pressure of a few mbar. Faraday cup were used to determine deuteron-beam energy and deuteron-beam fluence per shot while CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors were employed in studying the angular distribution of deuteron emission. Beam energy and deuteron-beam fluence per shot have been found to be pressure dependent. The largest value of average deuteron energy measured for present conditions was found to be (52 ± 7) keV, while the deuteron-beam fluence per shot was of the order of 1015 ions/m2 when operated at a pressure of 0.2 mbar. The deuteron-beam emission is in the forward direction and is observed to be highly anisotropic.

Time-resolved characteristics of deuteron-beam generated by plasma focus discharge

PubMed Central

Bradley, D. A.

2018-01-01

The plasma focus device discussed herein is a Z-pinch pulsed-plasma arrangement. In this, the plasma is heated and compressed into a cylindrical column, producing a typical density of > 1025 particles/m3 and a temperature of (1–3) × 107 oC. The plasma focus has been widely investigated as a radiation source, including as ion-beams, electron-beams and as a source of x-ray and neutron production, providing considerable scope for use in a variety of technological situations. Thus said, the nature of the radiation emission depends on the dynamics of the plasma pinch. In this study of the characteristics of deuteron-beam emission, in terms of energy, fluence and angular distribution were analyzed. The 2.7 kJ plasma focus discharge has been made to operate at a pressure of less than 1 mbar rather than at its more conventional operating pressure of a few mbar. Faraday cup were used to determine deuteron-beam energy and deuteron-beam fluence per shot while CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors were employed in studying the angular distribution of deuteron emission. Beam energy and deuteron-beam fluence per shot have been found to be pressure dependent. The largest value of average deuteron energy measured for present conditions was found to be (52 ± 7) keV, while the deuteron-beam fluence per shot was of the order of 1015 ions/m2 when operated at a pressure of 0.2 mbar. The deuteron-beam emission is in the forward direction and is observed to be highly anisotropic. PMID:29309425

D-Cluster Converter Foil for Laser-Accelerated Deuteron Beams: Towards Deuteron-Beam-Driven Fast Ignition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miley, George H.

Fast Ignition (FI) uses Petawatt laser generated particle beam pulse to ignite a small volume called a pre-compressed Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) target, and is the favored method to achieve the high energy gain per target burn needed for an attractive ICF power plant. Ion beams such as protons, deuterons or heavier carbon ions are especially appealing for FI as they have relative straight trajectory, and easier to focus on the fuel capsule. But current experiments have encountered problems with the 'converter-foil' which is irradiated by the Petawatt laser to produce the ion beams. The problems include depletion of themore » available ions in the convertor foils, and poor energy efficiency (ion beam energy/ input laser energy). We proposed to develop a volumetrically-loaded ultra-high-density deuteron deuterium cluster material as the basis for converter-foil for deuteron beam generation. The deuterons will fuse with the ICF DT while they slow down, providing an extra 'bonus' energy gain in addition to heating the hot spot. Also, due to the volumetric loading, the foil will provide sufficient energetic deuteron beam flux for 'hot spot' ignition, while avoiding the depletion problem encountered by current proton-driven FI foils. After extensive comparative studies, in Phase I, high purity PdO/Pd/PdO foils were selected for the high packing fraction D-Cluster converter foils. An optimized loading process has been developed to increase the cluster packing fraction in this type of foil. As a result, the packing fraction has been increased from 0.1% to 10% - meeting the original Phase I goal and representing a significant progress towards the beam intensities needed for both FI and pulsed neutron applications. Fast Ignition provides a promising approach to achieve high energy gain target performance needed for commercial Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). This is now a realistic goal for near term in view of the anticipated ICF target burn at the National

Wear measurement using radioactive tracer technique based on proton, deuteron and α-particle induced nuclear reactions on molybdenum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ditrói, F.; Tárkányi, F.; Takács, S.

2012-11-01

Excitation functions of light ion induced nuclear reactions on natural molybdenum have been studied in the frame of a systematic investigation of charged particle induced nuclear reactions on metals for various applications. Excitation functions of 93,94g,94m,95g,95m,96,99mTc, 90,93m,99Mo, 90,91m,92m,95m,95g,96Nb and 88,89Zr were measured up to 50 MeV deuteron energy Tárkányi et al., 2012 [1], 93m,93g,94m,94g,95m,95g,96g,99mTc, 90,93m,99Mo, 90,92m,95m,95g,96Nb and 88,89Zr were measured up to 40 MeV proton energy Tárkányi et al., 2012 [2] and 93m,93g,94m,94g,95m,95g,96g,99mTc, 93m,99Mo, 90Nb, 94,95,97,103Ru and 88Zr were measured up to 40 MeV alpha energy Ditrói et al., 2012 [3] by using the stacked foil technique and activation method. The results for 3He induced reactions on natural Mo were taken from the literature Comparetto and Qaim, 1980 [4]. According to their half-lives, from the above listed radionuclides the 95m,96Tc, 91m,92m,95m,95gNb, 99Mo, 103,97Ru and 88Zr are suitable candidates for wear measurement by using thin layer activation (TLA) method. The goal of this work was to determine the necessary nuclear data for TLA of the above radionuclides and to prove their applicability for wear measurements.

Radiative capture of cold neutrons by protons and deuteron photodisintegration with twisted beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Afanasev, Andrei; Serbo, Valeriy G.; Solyanik, Maria

2018-05-01

We consider two basic nuclear reactions: capture of neutrons by protons, n + p → γ + d, and its time-reversed counterpart, photodisintegration of the deuteron, γ + d → n + p. In both of these cases we assume that the incoming beam of neutrons or photons is ‘twisted’ by having an azimuthal phase dependence, i.e., it carries an additional angular momentum along its direction of propagation. Taking a low-energy limit of these reactions, we derive relations between corresponding transition amplitudes and cross sections with plane-wave beams and twisted beams. Implications for experiments with twisted cold neutrons and twisted photon beams are discussed.

Problem of the Optical Model for Deuterons; ZAGADNIENIA MODELU OPTYCZNEGO DLA DEUTERONOW

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grotowski, K.

1963-01-01

Problems concerning parameters of the optical potential for deuterons are presented. Total cross-sections for the interaction of deuterons with nuclei were determined by the evaluation of the cross-sections for the emission of charged particles and neutrons. The angular distributions for the elastic scattering of deuterons were also measured, 47 references. (auth)

Thin-target excitation functions and optimisation of NCA 64Cu and 66,67Ga production by deuteron induced nuclear reactions on natural zinc target, for radiometabolic therapy and for PET

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groppi, F.; Bonardi, M. L.; Birattari, C.; Gini, L.; Mainardi, C.; Menapace, E.; Abbas, K.; Holzwarth, U.; Stroosnijder, R. M. F.

2004-01-01

A novel method for production of No-Carrier-Added 64Cu and 66,67Ga has been developed, based on reactions induced by deuterons up to 19 MeV on Zn target. HPGe and beta (by LSC) spectrometries proved very effective to determine radionuclidic purity of 64Cu and 66,67Ga fractions. Experimental specific activity for 64Cu was measured by ET-AAS and was of the order of 700 MBq · μg -1. Radiochemical yields for 64Cu and 66,67Ga were >80% and >99%.

Deuteron injector for Peking University Neutron Imaging Facility projecta)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, H. T.; Peng, S. X.; Lu, P. N.; Zhou, Q. F.; Yuan, Z. X.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, M.; Song, Z. Z.; Yu, J. X.; Guo, Z. Y.; Chen, J. E.

2012-02-01

The deuteron injector developed for the PKUNIFTY (Peking University Neutron Imaging Facility) has been installed and commissioned at Peking University (PKU). The injector system must transfer 50 keV 50 mA of D+ ion beam to the entrance of the 2 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) with 10% duty factor (1 ms, 100 Hz). A compact 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (PMECR) ion source and a 1.36 m long low energy beam transport (LEBT) line using two solenoids was developed as the deuteron injector. A ϕ5 mm four-quadrant diaphragm was used to simulate the entrance of RFQ electrodes. The beam parameters are measured after this core with an emittance measurement unit (EMU) and a bending magnet for ion fraction analysis at the end of injector. During the commissioning, 77 mA of total deuteron beam was extracted from PMECR and 56 mA of pure D+ beam that passed through the ϕ5 mm four-quadrant diaphragm was obtained at the position of RFQ entrance with the measured normalized rms emittance 0.12-0.16π mm mrad. Ion species analysis results show that the deuteron fraction is as high as 99.5%. All of the parameters satisfy PKUNIFTY's requirements. In this paper, we will describe the deuteron injector design and report the commissioning results as well as the initial operation.

Liquid lithium target as a high intensity, high energy neutron source

DOEpatents

Parkin, Don M.; Dudey, Norman D.

1976-01-01

This invention provides a target jet for charged particles. In one embodiment the charged particles are high energy deuterons that bombard the target jet to produce high intensity, high energy neutrons. To this end, deuterons in a vacuum container bombard an endlessly circulating, free-falling, sheet-shaped, copiously flowing, liquid lithium jet that gushes by gravity from a rectangular cross-section vent on the inside of the container means to form a moving web in contact with the inside wall of the vacuum container. The neutrons are produced via break-up of the beam in the target by stripping, spallation and compound nuclear reactions in which the projectiles (deuterons) interact with the target (Li) to produce excited nuclei, which then "boil off" or evaporate a neutron.

Study of charged pion photoproduction on deuteron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Yun-Cheng; Backford, B.; Chiga, N.; Fujii, T.; Fujibayashi, T.; Gogami, T.; Futatsukawa, K.; Hashimoto, O.; Hirose, K.; Hosomi, K.; Iguchi, A.; Ishikawa, T.; Kanda, H.; Kaneta, M.; Kawama, D.; Kawasaki, T.; Kimura, C.; Kiyokawa, S.; Koike, T.; Ma, Y.; Maeda, K.; Maruyama, N.; Matsumura, A.; Miyagi, Y.; Miwa, K.; Nakamura, S. N.; Okuyama, A.; Otani, T.; Sato, M.; Shichijo, A.; Shirotori, K.; Shimizu, H.; Suzuki, K.; Tamura, H.; Taniya, N.; Terada, N.; Yamamoto, T.; Yamamoto, T.; Yokota, K.; Tamae, T.; Wang, Tie-Shan; Yamazaki, H.

2010-03-01

Photoproduction of charged pion on deuteron, emphasis on channels γd→π-pp and γd→π+π-np, were measured with the second generation of Neutral Kaon Spectrometer. The photon beam was provided from the tagged photon facility at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University. The energy range of photon is 0.8-1.1 GeV. The aim is to investigate the pion photoproduction process on the nucleus in the second and third resonance regions. The quasi-free process inside deuteron and also non-quasi-free contributions were derived individually.

Proton and deuteron double differential cross sections at angles from 10 deg to 60 deg from Be, C, Al, Fe, Cu, Ge, W, and Pb under 558-MeV-proton irradiation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beck, S. M.; Powell, C. A.

1976-01-01

The double differential cross sections for the production of protons and deuterons from targets of Be, C, Al, Fe, Cu, Ge, W, and Pb were obtained at laboratory angles of scatter of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 degrees for 558-MeV incident protons. The position of the quasi-elastic peak, discernible in the cross sections up to approximately 40 degrees, corresponded closely to the theoretical predictions for proton-proton elastic scattering at 558 MeV. The mean ratio of deuteron to proton energy-integrated cross sections was 0.056 + or - 0.008. The dependence of energy-integrated cross sections for both protons and deuterons on target mass number A varied from A to the 1/3 power at 10 degrees to A to the 2/3 power above approximately 30 degrees. The ratio of energy-integrated deuteron cross sections for quasielastic processes to that for reactions yielding a deuteron-pi-meson pair was approximately 10 percent.

Zr-92(d,p)Zr-93 and Zr-92(d,t)Zr-91

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baron, N.; Fink, C. L.; Christensen, P. R.; Nickels, J.; Torsteinsen, T.

1972-01-01

The structures of Zr-93 and Zr-91 were studied by the stripping reaction Zr-92(d,p)Zr-93 and the pick-up reaction Zr-92(d,t)Zr-91 using 13 MeV incident deuterons. The reaction product particles were detected by counter telescope. Typical spectra from the reactions were analyzed by a nonlinear least squares peak fitting program which included a background search. Spin and parity assignments to observed excited levels were made by comparing experimental angular distributions with distorted wave Born approximation calculations.

Efficient neutron production from sub-nanosecond laser pulse accelerating deuterons on target front side

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klir, D.; Institute of Plasma Physics, ASCR, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague 8; Institute of Physics, ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8

2015-09-15

Neutron-producing experiments have been carried out on the Prague Asterix Laser System. At the fundamental wavelength of 1.315 μm, the laser pulse of a 600 J energy and 300 ps duration was focused on a thick deuterated-polyethylene target. Neutron yields reached (4.1 ± 0.8) × 10{sup 8} at the peak intensity of ≈3 × 10{sup 16 }W/cm{sup 2}. A more detailed analysis of neutron time-of-flight signals showed that a significant fraction of neutron yields was produced both by the {sup 2}H(d,n){sup 3}He reaction and by other neutron-producing reactions. Neutron energies together with delayed neutron and gamma emission showed that MeV deuterons escaped from a laser-produced plasma and interacted ≈50 nsmore » later with a borosilicate blast-shield glass. In order to increase DD neutron yields and to characterize deuteron beams via nuclear reactions, a secondary deuterated polyethylene target was used in a pitcher-catcher scheme at the target front side. In this experimental arrangement, the neutron yield reached (2.0 ± 0.5) × 10{sup 9} with the peak neutron fluence of (2.5 ± 0.5) × 10{sup 8 }n/sr. From the neutron yield, it was calculated that the secondary target was bombarded by 2 × 10{sup 14} deuterons in the 0.5–2.0 MeV energy range. The neutron yield of 2 × 10{sup 9} at the laser energy of 600 J implied the production efficiency of 3 × 10{sup 6 }n/J. A very important result is that the efficient neutron production was achieved with the low contrast, sub-nanosecond laser pulse of the intensity of 10{sup 16 }W/cm{sup 2}. The latter parameters can be achieved in a rep-rate mode more easily than ultra-high intensities and contrasts.« less

Spallation reaction study for the long-lived fission product 107Pd

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, He; Otsu, Hideaki; Sakurai, Hiroyoshi; Ahn, DeukSoon; Aikawa, Masayuki; Ando, Takashi; Araki, Shouhei; Chen, Sidong; Nobuyuki, Chiga; Doornenbal, Pieter; Fukuda, Naoki; Isobe, Tadaaki; Kawakami, Shunsuke; Kawase, Shoichiro; Kin, Tadahiro; Kondo, Yosuke; Koyama, Shunpei; Kubono, Shigeru; Maeda, Yukie; Makinaga, Ayano; Matsushita, Masafumi; Matsuzaki, Teiichiro; Michimasa, Shin'ichiro; Momiyama, Satoru; Nagamine, Shunsuke; Nakamura, Takashi; Nakano, Keita; Niikura, Megumi; Ozaki, Tomoyuki; Saito, Atsumi; Saito, Takeshi; Shiga, Yoshiaki; Shikata, Mizuki; Shimizu, Yohei; Shimoura, Susumu; Sumikama, Toshiyuki; Söderström, Pär-Anders; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Takeuchi, Satoshi; Taniuchi, Ryo; Togano, Yasuhiro; Tsubota, Junichi; Uesaka, Meiko; Watanabe, Yasushi; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Wimmer, Kathrin; Yamamoto, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Koichi

2017-02-01

Spallation reactions for the long-lived fission product 107Pd have been studied for the purpose of nuclear waste transmutation. The cross sections on the proton- and deuteron-induced spallation were obtained at 196 and 118 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Both the target and energy dependences of cross sections have been investigated systematically. It was found that the proton-induced cross sections at 196 MeV/nucleon are close to those for deuteron obtained at 118 MeV/nucleon for the light-mass products. The experimental data are compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and the PHITS calculations including both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes. Our data give a design goal of proton/deuteron flux for the transmutation of 107Pd using the spallation reaction. In addition, it is found that the spallation reaction at 118 MeV/nucleon may have an advantage over the 107Pd transmutation because of the low production of other long-lived radioactive isotopes.

Routes for the production of isotopes for PET with high intensity deuteron accelerators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arias de Saavedra, F.; Porras, I.; Praena, J.

2018-04-01

Recent advances in accelerator science are opening new possibilities in different fields of physics. In particular, the development of compact linear accelerators that can provide charged particles of low-medium energy (few MeV) with high current (above mA) allows for the study of new possibilities in neutron production and for new routes for the production of radioisotopes. Keeping in mind how radioisotopes are actually produced in dedicated facilities, we have performed a study of alternative reactions to produce PET isotopes induced by low-energy deuterons. We have fitted the EXFOR cross sections data, used the fitted values of the stopping power by Andersen and Ziegler and calculated by numerical integration the production rate of isotopes for charged particles up to 20 MeV. The results for deuterons up to 3 MeV are compared with the ones from cyclotrons, which are able to provide higher energies to the charged projectiles but with lower intensities. Our results indicate that using linear accelerators may be a good alternative for producing PET isotopes, reducing the problem of neutron activation.

Preliminary design of a high-intensity continuous-wave deuteron RFQ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, X.; Kamigaito, O.; Sakamoto, N.; Yamada, K.

2017-07-01

A high-intensity deuteron linear accelerator is currently being studied as a promising candidate to treat high-level radioactive waste through the nuclear transmutation process. This paper presents the study on a design of a 75.5 MHz, 400 mA, continuous-wave deuteron radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), which is proposed as the front-end of such a linear accelerator. The results of the beam dynamics simulation suggest that the designed RFQ can accelerate a 400-mA deuteron beam from 100 keV to 2.5 MeV with a transmission rate of 92.0 ∼ 93.3%, depending on the assumed input transverse emittance.

SPIN-COSY: Spin-Manipulating Polarized Deuterons and Protons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leonova, M. A.; Chao, A. W.; Krisch, A. D.

2009-08-04

We studied spin manipulation of 1.85 GeV/c polarized deuteron beam stored in COSY obtaining a spin-flip efficiency of 97{+-}1%. We first discovered experimentally and then explained theoretically interesting behavior of the deuteron tensor polarization. We, for the first time, studied systematically spin resonance strengths induced by rf dipoles and solenoids. We found huge disagreements between the strengths measured in controlled Froissart-Stora sweeps and the theoretical values calculated using the well-known formulae. These data instigated re-examination of these formulae. We tested Chao's proposed new matrix formalism for describing the spin dynamics due to a single spin resonance, which may be themore » first fundamental improvement of the Froissart-Stora equation in that it allows analytic calculation of the beam polarization's behavior inside a resonance. Our measurements of the deuteron's polarization near and inside the resonance agreed precisely with the Chao formalism's predicted oscillations. We tested Kondratenko's proposal to overcome depolarizing resonances by ramping through them with a crossing pattern, which should force the depolarizing contributions to cancel themselves. Our first test of this idea with 2.1 GeV/c protons was not conclusive but a later test with 1.85 GeV/c deuterons demonstrated a rather substantial reduction in the depolarization compared to the tune jump at the same rate.« less

Cross section measurement of residues produced in proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on 93Zr at 105 MeV/u using the inverse kinematics method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawase, Shoichiro; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Wang, He; Otsu, Hideaki; Sakurai, Hiroyoshi; Takeuchi, Satoshi; Togano, Yasuhiro; Nakamura, Takashi; Maeda, Yukie; Ahn, Deuk Soon; Aikawa, Masayuki; Araki, Shouhei; Chen, Sidong; Chiga, Nobuyuki; Doornenbal, Pieter; Fukuda, Naoki; Ichihara, Takashi; Isobe, Tadaaki; Kawakami, Shunsuke; Kin, Tadahiro; Kondo, Yosuke; Koyama, Shunpei; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kubono, Shigeru; Kurokawa, Meiko; Makinaga, Ayano; Matsushita, Masafumi; Matsuzaki, Teiichiro; Michimasa, Shin'ichiro; Momiyama, Satoru; Nagamine, Shunsuke; Nakano, Keita; Niikura, Megumi; Ozaki, Tomoyuki; Saito, Atsumi; Saito, Takeshi; Shiga, Yoshiaki; Shikata, Mizuki; Shimizu, Yohei; Shimoura, Susumu; Sumikama, Toshiyuki; Söderström, Pär-Anders; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Taniuchi, Ryo; Tsubota, Jun'ichi; Watanabe, Yasushi; Wimmer, Kathrin; Yamamoto, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Koichi

2017-09-01

Isotopic production cross sections in the proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on 93Zr at an energy of 105 MeV/u were measured in inverse kinematics conditions for the development of realistic nuclear transmutation processes for long-lived fission products (LLFPs) with neutron and light-ion beams. The experimental results were compared to the PHITS calculations describing the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes. Although an overall agreement was obtained, a large overestimation of the production cross sections for the removal of a few nucleons was seen. A clear shell effect associated with the neutron magic number N = 50 was observed in the measured isotopic production yields of Zr and Y isotopes, which can be reproduced reasonably by the PHITS calculation.

[USING URINARY STRIPS].

PubMed

Barbeito García, Ana; Sampayo Montenegro, Ana

2015-10-01

Urinalysis using reactive strip is a commonly used in clinical practice. Although mainly indicated as first step test when a urine infection it suspected, it may also be a helpful tool in the management of a wide range of disorders. Standard urine test strips may comprise of up to 10 different chemical pads or reagents (leukocytes, nitrites, pH, glucose, proteins, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, density and blood) that allow a qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of a urine sample. The test method consists of immersing the strip completely in a well-mixed sample of urine and left to stand for the time necessary for the reactions to occur (which is variable depending on the manufacturer). Finally the colors that appear are compared against a specific chromatic scale provided. Several factors may influence the results causing a significant number of false positives and negatives. Such limitations should always be taken into account when reading the test. Despite clinical features lead to the suspicion of an infection, urine test strips is a fast screening test that may reinforce the diagnosis. The combination of dysuria, frequency and emergency, hematuria, pain and sensibility in the pelvis reaches a positive predictive value to identified a urine infection of 90 %. When only dysuria and emergency or high frequency are present, the such probability diminishes to 70-80%, and, when dysuria is the only symptom, it drops to 25%. Despite urine test strips is a fast, easy and cheap method for the diagnosis and follow-up of several diseases, results are fairly heterogeneous and may be influenced by external factors. Therefore a cautious interpretation if advised. Sensibility and specificity of urine test strips is widely variable (S 46%-86% and E 17%-93%). Although the highest diagnostic values are obtained at primary care centers, where such tests are routinely used in a diverse population, the number of false positives is still high. This issue should be taken into

Scattering of 28.1 Mev Deuterons by Hydrogen, Lithium, Carbon and Aluminum. Report No. 54; DISPERSION DE DEUTERONES DE 28,1 Mev POR HIDROGENO, LITIO, CARBONO Y ALUMINIO. INFORME NO. 54

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Slobodrian, R.J.

1961-01-01

Natural lithium, polyethylene, and aluminum targets were bombarded with 28.1 Mev deuterons. The outgoing particles were analyzed with a scintillation spectrometer. The angular distributions for the following processes were measured: Li(d,d')Li, Li/sup 7/(d,d')Li/sup 7*/ -4.61 Mev, Li/sup 7/(d,t) Li/su p 6/, Cr/sup 12/(d,d')C/sup 12/, C/sup 12/(d,d')C/sup 12*/-4.43 Mev, C/sup 12/ (d,p)C/s up 13*/-3.68 Mev, Alsup 27/(d,d')Al/sup 27/, Alsup 27/(d,d')Al/sup 27*/- 2.21 Mev, and H/sup 1/(d,p)H/sup 2/. The angular distributions of the inelastic processes are due predominantly to direct nuclear interaction; there is no significant compound nucleus contribution. The Li/sup 7/(d,d')Li/sup 7*/-4.61 Mev angular distribution can be adjusted by superimposing directmore » reaction curves correspondingto l =0, a =3.4f and l =2, a =3.9f, where a is the interaction radius and l the angular momentum change; this leads to an odd parity assignement for the level. The ith a "pick-up" curve corresponding to l = 1 and a = 5f. The reaction C/sup 12/(d,d')C/sup 12*/ Mev is adjusted by superimposing the curves of l = 1, a= 4.1f and l =2, a = 4.6f. The C/sup 12/(d,p)C/sup 13*/ - 3.68 M ev angular distribution is well adjusted by superimposing the curves of l = 1, a - 3.9f, consistently with the known spin and parity change, instead the one belonging to the reaction and l = 3 with a = 3.5f. The Al/sup 27/(d,d')Al/ sup 27*/-2.21 Mev angular distribution is adequately adjusted with a curve of l = 1, a = 5.1f; therefore it follows an odd parity assignent for the level. The possible spin assignments of the levels are discussed. The angular distribution of the inraction H/sup 1/(d,p)H/sup 2/ is consistent with the measurements performed at neighboring energies and agrees with the curve obtained with a Serber type force. The elastic scattering angular distributions show the usual diffraction pattern and interaction radii for the deuteron-nucleus system ere calculated using an optical analogy. The

Explicit inclusion of nonlocality in ( d , p ) transfer reactions

DOE PAGES

Titus, L. J.; Nunes, F. M.; Potel, G.

2016-01-06

Traditionally, nucleon-nucleus optical potentials are made local for convenience. In recent work we studied the effects of including nonlocal interactions explicitly in the final state for (d,p) reactions, within the distorted wave Born approximation. Our goal in this work is to develop an improved formalism for nonlocal interactions that includes deuteron breakup and to use it to study the effects of including nonlocal interactions in transfer (d,p) reactions, in both the deuteron and the proton channel. We extend the finite-range adiabatic distorted wave approximation to include nonlocal nucleon optical potentials. We apply our method to (d,p) reactions on 16O, 40Ca,more » 48Ca, 126Sn, 132Sn, and 208Pb at 10, 20 and 50 MeV. Here, we find that nonlocality in the deuteron scattering state reduces the amplitude of the wave function in the nuclear interior, and shifts the wave function outward. In many cases, this has the effect of increasing the transfer cross section at the first peak of the angular distributions. This increase was most significant for heavy targets and for reactions at high energies. Lastly, our systematic study shows that, if only local optical potentials are used in the analysis of experimental (d, p) transfer cross sections, the extracted spectroscopic factors may be incorrect by up to 40% due to the local approximation.« less

Is There an Interest to Use Deuteron Beams to Produce Non-Conventional Radionuclides?

PubMed Central

Alliot, Cyrille; Audouin, Nadia; Barbet, Jacques; Bonraisin, Anne-Cecile; Bossé, Valérie; Bourdeau, Cécile; Bourgeois, Mickael; Duchemin, Charlotte; Guertin, Arnaud; Haddad, Ferid; Huclier-Markai, Sandrine; Kerdjoudj, Rabah; Laizé, Johan; Métivier, Vincent; Michel, Nathalie; Mokili, Marcel; Pageau, Mickael; Vidal, Aurélien

2015-01-01

With the recent interest on the theranostic approach, there has been a renewed interest for alternative radionuclides in nuclear medicine. They can be produced using common production routes, i.e., using protons accelerated by biomedical cyclotrons or neutrons produced in research reactors. However, in some cases, it can be more valuable to use deuterons as projectiles. In the case of Cu-64, smaller quantities of the expensive target material, Ni-64, are used with deuterons as compared with protons for the same produced activity. For the Sc-44m/Sc-44g generator, deuterons afford a higher Sc-44m production yield than with protons. Finally, in the case of Re-186g, deuterons lead to a production yield five times higher than protons. These three examples show that it is of interest to consider not only protons or neutrons but also deuterons to produce alternative radionuclides. PMID:26029696

Deuteron Beam Driven Fast Ignition of a Pre-Compressed Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Fuel Capsule

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Xiaoling; Miley, George; Flippo, Kirk; Hora, Heinrich; Gaillard, Sandrine; Offermann, Dustin

2012-10-01

We proposed to utilize a new ``Deuterium Cluster'' type structure for the laser interaction foil to generate an energetic deuteron beam as the fast igniter to ignite inertial confinement fusion fuel capsule. The benefit of deuteron beam driven fast ignition is that its deposition in the target fuel will not only provide heating but also fuse with fuel as they slow down in the target. The preliminary results from recent laser-deuteron acceleration experiment at LANL were encouraging. Also, in most recent calculations, we found that a 12.73% extra energy gain from deuteron beam-target fusion could be achieved when quasi-Maxwellian deuteron beam was assumed, and when a ρrb = 4.5 g/cm2 was considered, where ρ is the fuel density, and rb is the ion beam focusing radius on the target. These results provide some insight into the contribution of the extra heat produced by deuteron beam-target fusion to the hot spot ignition process. If the physics works as anticipated, this novel type of interaction foil can efficiently generate energetic deuterons during intense laser pulses. The massive yield of deuterons should turn out to be the most efficient way of igniting the DT fuel, making the dream of near-term commercialization of FI fusion more achievable.

Commissioning and operation of the deuteron injector for PKUNIFTY project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, H. T.; Peng, S. X.; Lu, P. N.; Zhao, J.; Zhou, Q. F.; Song, Z. Z.; Yuan, Z. X.; Yu, J. X.; Guo, Z. Y.; Chen, J. E.

2014-02-01

PKUNIFTY (PeKing University Neutron Imaging FaciliTY), a thermal neutron imaging facility based on a 2 MeV RFQ accelerator, has been constructed at Peking University. Its deuteron injector, which consists of a 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (PMECR) deuteron ion source and a two-solenoid low energy beam transport (LEBT), aims at producing and delivering 50 mA, 50 keV deuteron beam with a duty factor of 10% (1 ms, 100 Hz). In the preliminary tests of RFQ accelerator, the ECR ion source and LEBT are required to operate at various duty factors (from 1% to 10%). The deuteron ion source has been tested with different pulse widths for this reason. In order to optimize the transmission parameters, the beam current at the exit of RFQ as a function of solenoids tuning and steering magnets tuning are carefully studied. The beam emittance at the entrance of RFQ has been measured with space charge compensation by different argon gas (RG) pressure from 1.6 × 10-4 Pa to 4.7 × 10-3 Pa. The measuring results show the best compensating pressure is 3.5 × 10-3 Pa with a minimal normalized rms emittance of 0.12 pi mm mrad. During the commissioning, we found the purity of deuteron gas is an important factor which severely affects ECR discharge and plasma intensity inside the ion source chamber. The detailed experimental results obtained during the commissioning are discussed in this paper.

Effect of nuclear-reaction mechanisms on the population of excited nuclear states and isomeric ratios

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Skobelev, N. K., E-mail: skobelev@jinr.ru

2016-07-15

Experimental data on the cross sections for channels of fusion and transfer reactions induced by beams of radioactive halo nuclei and clustered and stable loosely bound nuclei were analyzed, and the results of this analysis were summarized. The interplay of the excitation of single-particle states in reaction-product nuclei and direct reaction channels was established for transfer reactions. Respective experiments were performed in stable ({sup 6}Li) and radioactive ({sup 6}He) beams of the DRIBs accelerator complex at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, and in deuteron and {sup 3}He beams of the U-120M cyclotron at themore » Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy Sciences of Czech Republic (Řež and Prague, Czech Republic). Data on subbarrier and near-barrier fusion reactions involving clustered and loosely bound light nuclei ({sup 6}Li and {sup 3}He) can be described quite reliably within simple evaporation models with allowance for different reaction Q-values and couple channels. In reactions involving halo nuclei, their structure manifests itself most strongly in the region of energies below the Coulomb barrier. Neutron transfer occurs with a high probability in the interactions of all loosely bound nuclei with light and heavy stable nuclei at positive Q-values. The cross sections for such reactions and the respective isomeric ratios differ drastically for nucleon stripping and nucleon pickup mechanisms. This is due to the difference in the population probabilities for excited single-particle states.« less

Nucleon-deuteron scattering with the JISP16 potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skibiński, R.; Golak, J.; Topolnicki, K.; Witała, H.; Volkotrub, Yu.; Kamada, H.; Shirokov, A. M.; Okamoto, R.; Suzuki, K.; Vary, J. P.

2018-01-01

The nucleon-nucleon J -matrix inverse scattering potential JISP16 is applied to elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering and the deuteron breakup process at the laboratory nucleon energies up to 135 MeV. The formalism of the Faddeev equations is used to obtain three-nucleon scattering states. We compare predictions based on the JISP16 force with data and with results based on various two-body interactions, including the CD Bonn, the Argonne AV18, the chiral force with the semilocal regularization at the fifth order of the chiral expansion and with low-momentum interactions obtained from the CD Bonn force as well as with the predictions from the combination of the AV18 NN interaction and the Urbana IX 3 N force. JISP16 provides a satisfactory description of some observables at low energies but strong deviations from data as well as from standard and chiral potential predictions with increasing energy. However, there are also polarization observables at low energies for which the JISP16 predictions differ from those based on the other forces by a factor of two. The reason for such a behavior can be traced back to the P -wave components of the JISP16 force. At higher energies the deviations can be enhanced by an interference with higher partial waves and by the properties of the JISP16 deuteron wave function. In addition, we compare the energy and angular dependence of predictions based on the JISP16 force with the results of the low-momentum interactions obtained with different values of the momentum cutoff parameter. We found that such low-momentum forces can be employed to interpret the nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering data only below some specific energy which depends on the cutoff parameter. Since JISP16 is defined in a finite oscillator basis, it has properties similar to low momentum interactions and its application to the description of nucleon-deuteron scattering data is limited to a low momentum transfer region.

Extension of the energy range of experimental activation cross-sections data of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on indium up to 50MeV.

PubMed

Tárkányi, F; Ditrói, F; Takács, S; Hermanne, A; Ignatyuk, A V

2015-11-01

The energy range of our earlier measured activation cross-sections data of longer-lived products of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on indium were extended from 40MeV up to 50MeV. The traditional stacked foil irradiation technique and non-destructive gamma spectrometry were used. No experimental data were found in literature for this higher energy range. Experimental cross-sections for the formation of the radionuclides (113,110)Sn, (116m,115m,114m,113m,111,110g,109)In and (115)Cd are reported in the 37-50MeV energy range, for production of (110)Sn and (110g,109)In these are the first measurements ever. The experimental data were compared with the results of cross section calculations of the ALICE and EMPIRE nuclear model codes and of the TALYS 1.6 nuclear model code as listed in the on-line library TENDL-2014. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ELASTIC SCATTERING ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS AND TOTAL REACTION CROSS SECTIONS FOR THE INTERACTION OF 12.8 Mev DEUTERONS WITH Ni$sup 58$ AND Ni$sup 60$ NUCLEI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Budzanowski, A.; Grotowski, K.

1962-10-15

Recentiy optical model analysis has been applied to fit the experimental angular distribution data of the elastic scattering of deuterons by nuclei. In view of a considerable dependence of sigma /sub R/ on the shape of the real and imaginary part of the potential at the nuclear surface, it was thought worthwhile to measure both sigma /sub el/ ( theta ) and sigma /sub R/ for 12.8 Mev deuterons on targets of separated Ni/sup 58/ and Ni/sup 60/ isotopes. (W.D.M.)

Characterization of fast deuterons involved in the production of fusion neutrons in a dense plasma focus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kubes, P.; Paduch, M.; Sadowski, M. J.; Cikhardt, J.; Cikhardtova, B.; Klir, D.; Kravarik, J.; Munzar, V.; Rezac, K.; Zielinska, E.; Skladnik-Sadowska, E.; Szymaszek, A.; Tomaszewski, K.; Zaloga, D.

2018-01-01

This paper considers regions of a fast deuteron production in a correlation with an evolution of ordered structures inside a pinch column of a mega-ampere plasma focus discharge. Ion pinhole cameras equipped with plastic PM-355 track-detectors recorded fast deuterons escaping in the downstream and other directions (up to 60° to the z-axis). Time-integrated ion images made it possible to estimate sources of the deuteron acceleration at the known magnetic field and deuteron energy values. The images of the fast deuterons emitted in the solid angle ranging from 0° to 4° showed two forms: central spots and circular images. The spots of 1-2 cm in diameter were produced by deuterons from the central pinch regions. The circular-shaped images of a radius above 3 cm (or their parts) were formed by deuterons from the region surrounding the dense pinch column. The ion pinhole cameras placed at angles above 20° to the z-axis recorded the ion spots only, and the ring-images were missing. The central region of the deuteron acceleration could be associated mainly with plasmoids, and the circular images could be connected with ring-shaped regions of the radius corresponding to tops of the plasma lobules outside the dense pinch column. The deuteron tracks forming ring-shaped images of a smaller (0.5-1) cm radius could be produced by deflections of the fast deuterons, which were caused by a magnetic field inside the dense pinch column.

Excitation functions for 7Be, 22,24Na production in Mg and Al by deuteron irradiations up to 50 MeV.

PubMed

Hermanne, A; Takács, S; Tárkányi, F; Adam-Rebeles, R; Ignatyuk, A

2012-12-01

New experimental data for production of (7)Be and (22,24)Na in deuteron irradiation of (nat)Mg and Al up to 50 MeV are presented. The induced activity, measured with HPGe spectroscopy, allows us to determine excitation functions of (nat)Mg(d,x) and (27)Al(d,x) reactions involved in the activation process with reference to (nat)Ti(d,x)(48)V monitor cross sections. A comparison with experimental literature values and results from updated theoretical codes is discussed. Thick target yields were derived from fits to our cross-sections and integrated personnel dose was calculated for different irradiation cycles and exposure scenarios around high power deuteron accelerator facilities. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Plating and stripping calcium in an organic electrolyte

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Da; Gao, Xiangwen; Chen, Yuhui; Jin, Liyu; Kuss, Christian; Bruce, Peter G.

2018-01-01

There is considerable interest in multivalent cation batteries, such as those based on magnesium, calcium or aluminium. Most attention has focused on magnesium. In all cases the metal anode represents a significant challenge. Recent work has shown that calcium can be plated and stripped, but only at elevated temperatures, 75 to 100 °C, with small capacities, typically 0.165 mAh cm-2, and accompanied by significant side reactions. Here we demonstrate that calcium can be plated and stripped at room temperature with capacities of 1 mAh cm-2 at a rate of 1 mA cm-2, with low polarization (~100 mV) and in excess of 50 cycles. The dominant product is calcium, accompanied by a small amount of CaH2 that forms by reaction between the deposited calcium and the electrolyte, Ca(BH4)2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF). This occurs in preference to the reactions which take place in most electrolyte solutions forming CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 and calcium alkoxides, and normally terminate the electrochemistry. The CaH2 protects the calcium metal at open circuit. Although this work does not solve all the problems of calcium as an anode in calcium-ion batteries, it does demonstrate that significant quantities of calcium can be plated and stripped at room temperature with low polarization.

High flux, beamed neutron sources employing deuteron-rich ion beams from D2O-ice layered targets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alejo, A.; Krygier, A. G.; Ahmed, H.; Morrison, J. T.; Clarke, R. J.; Fuchs, J.; Green, A.; Green, J. S.; Jung, D.; Kleinschmidt, A.; Najmudin, Z.; Nakamura, H.; Norreys, P.; Notley, M.; Oliver, M.; Roth, M.; Vassura, L.; Zepf, M.; Borghesi, M.; Freeman, R. R.; Kar, S.

2017-06-01

A forwardly-peaked bright neutron source was produced using a laser-driven, deuteron-rich ion beam in a pitcher-catcher scenario. A proton-free ion source was produced via target normal sheath acceleration from Au foils having a thin layer of D2O ice at the rear side, irradiated by sub-petawatt laser pulses (˜200 J, ˜750 fs) at peak intensity ˜ 2× {10}20 {{W}} {{cm}}-2. The neutrons were preferentially produced in a beam of ˜70° FWHM cone along the ion beam forward direction, with maximum energy up to ˜40 MeV and a peak flux along the axis ˜ 2× {10}9 {{n}} {{sr}}-1 for neutron energy above 2.5 MeV. The experimental data is in good agreement with the simulations carried out for the d(d,n)3He reaction using the deuteron beam produced by the ice-layered target.

Hard breakup of the deuteron into two Δ isobars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Granados, Carlos G.; Sargsian, Misak M.

2011-05-01

We study high-energy photodisintegration of the deuteron into two Δ isobars at large center of mass angles within the QCD hard rescattering model (HRM). According to the HRM, the process develops in three main steps: the photon knocks a quark from one of the nucleons in the deuteron; the struck quark rescatters off a quark from the other nucleon sharing the high energy of the photon; then the energetic quarks recombine into two outgoing baryons which have large transverse momenta. Within the HRM, the cross section is expressed through the amplitude of pn→ΔΔ scattering which we evaluated based on the quark-interchange model of hard hadronic scattering. Calculations show that the angular distribution and the strength of the photodisintegration is mainly determined by the properties of the pn→ΔΔ scattering. We predict that the cross section of the deuteron breakup to Δ++Δ- is 4-5 times larger than that of the breakup to the Δ+Δ0 channel. Also, the angular distributions for these two channels are markedly different. These can be compared with the predictions based on the assumption that two hard Δ isobars are the result of the disintegration of the preexisting ΔΔ components of the deuteron wave function. In this case, one expects the angular distributions and cross sections of the breakup in both Δ++Δ- and Δ+Δ0 channels to be similar.

Study of 232Th(n, γ) and 232Th(n,f) reaction rates in a graphite moderated spallation neutron field produced by 1.6 GeV deuterons on lead target

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asquith, N. L.; Hashemi-Nezhad, S. R.; Westmeier, W.; Zhuk, I.; Tyutyunnikov, S.; Adam, J.

2015-02-01

The Gamma-3 assembly of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia is designed to emulate the neutron spectrum of a thermal Accelerator Driven System (ADS). It consists of a lead spallation target surrounded by reactor grade graphite. The target was irradiated with 1.6 GeV deuterons from the Nuclotron accelerator and the neutron capture and fission rate of 232Th in several locations within the assembly were experimentally measured. 232Th is a proposed fuel for envisaged Accelerator Driven Systems and these two reactions are fundamental to the performance and feasibility of 232Th in an ADS. The irradiation of the Gamma-3 assembly was also simulated using MCNPX 2.7 with the INCL4 intra-nuclear cascade and ABLA fission/evaporation models. Good agreement between the experimentally measured and calculated reaction rates was found. This serves as a good validation for the computational models and cross section data used to simulate neutron production and transport of spallation neutrons within a thermal ADS.

Reaction mechanisms: Stripping down SN2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orr-Ewing, Andrew J.

2012-07-01

The mechanism of the SN2 reaction is fundamental to understanding and controlling the stereochemistry of organic reactions, but surrounding solvent molecules may complicate the textbook picture. Micro-solvation studies have now explored the stereochemical consequences of the presence of one or two solvent molecules.

Approximate strip exchanging.

PubMed

Roy, Swapnoneel; Thakur, Ashok Kumar

2008-01-01

Genome rearrangements have been modelled by a variety of primitives such as reversals, transpositions, block moves and block interchanges. We consider such a genome rearrangement primitive Strip Exchanges. Given a permutation, the challenge is to sort it by using minimum number of strip exchanges. A strip exchanging move interchanges the positions of two chosen strips so that they merge with other strips. The strip exchange problem is to sort a permutation using minimum number of strip exchanges. We present here the first non-trivial 2-approximation algorithm to this problem. We also observe that sorting by strip-exchanges is fixed-parameter-tractable. Lastly we discuss the application of strip exchanges in a different area Optical Character Recognition (OCR) with an example.

A Precise Measurement of the Deuteron Elastic Structure Function A(Q 2)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Honegger, Andrian

1999-12-07

During summer 1997 experiment 394-018 measured the deuteron tensor polarization in D(e,e'more » $$vec\\{d}$$) scattering in Hall C at Jefferson Laboratory. In a momentum transfer range between 0.66 and 1.8 (GeV=c) 2, with slight changes in the experimental setup, the collaboration performed six precision measurements of the deuteron structure function A(Q 2) in elastic D(e,e'd) scattering . Scattered electrons and recoil deuterons were detected in coincidence in the High Momentum Spectrometer and the recoil polarimeter POLDER, respectively. At every kinematics H(e,e') data were taken to study systematic effects of the measurement. These new precise measurements resolve discrepancies between older data sets and put significant constraints on existing models of the deuteron electromagnetic structure. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the Commissariat 'a l'Energie Atomique, the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation and the K.C. Wong Foundation.« less

Exclusive and Semi-Exclusive Reactions at a Higher Energy CEBAF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carl Carlson

More energy at CEBAF provides more opportunity for studies of hadron and nuclear properties. Many of the experiments that could be done are extensions of things already done at lower energies. Others represent new initiatives that could not work or could not theoretically be interpreted at lower energies. The author concentrates on the new initiatives, but do not wish our thinking to neglect what can be learned from continuations of lower energy work. The author begins with a list of some things that should be continued into a new energy regime. (1) Baryon and meson spectroscopy of higher mass states.more » With 4 GeV incoming electron energy, strange mesons are limited to 1.8 GeV in mass and charm is not producible. (2) Exclusive reactions, including meson and baryon form factors and reactions on few nucleon systems. The latter includes deuteron photodisintegration, the A and B form factors of the deuteron, and the deuteron tensor polarization T{sub 20}. (And we should not forget T{sub 20} in inclusive scattering.) (3) Hadrons in the nuclear medium, with such topics as color transparency, electroproduction of {rho} mesons, virtual Compton scattering off nuclei, and backward hadrons from e-d reactions. The very last must be especially important, since it gives the logo used in the advertizing for this conference. In addition, there are new initiatives that this talk will call attention to, in particular: (1) semi-exclusive meson production; (2) duality in semi-exclusive reactions; and (3) new views of exclusive reactions and perturbative QCD (leading to ''off-forward parton distributions'').« less

The Curious Case of High-energy Deuterons in Galactic Cosmic Rays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomassetti, Nicola; Feng, Jie

2017-02-01

A new analysis of cosmic ray (CR) data collected by the SOKOL experiment in space found that the deuteron-to-helium ratio at energies between 500 and 2000 GeV/nucleon takes the value d/He ˜ 1.5. As we will show, this result cannot be explained by standard models of secondary CR production in the interstellar medium and points to the existence of a high-energy source of CR deuterons. To account for the deuteron excess in CRs, we argue that the only viable solution is hadronic interaction processes of accelerated particles inside old supernova remnants (SNRs). From this mechanism, however, the B/C ratio is also expected to increase at energies above ˜50 of GeV/nucleon, in conflict with new precision data just released by the AMS-02 experiment. Hence, if this phenomenon is a real physical effect, hadronic production of CR deuterons must occur in SNRs characterized by low metal abundance. In such a scenario, the sources accelerating C-{N}-O nuclei are not the same as those accelerating helium or protons, so that the connection between d/He ratio and B/C ratio is broken, and the latter cannot be used to place constraints on the production of light isotopes or antiparticles.

Excitation functions for (d,x) reactions on (133)Cs up to Ed=40MeV.

PubMed

Tárkányi, F; Ditrói, F; Takács, S; Hermanne, A; Baba, M; Ignatyuk, A V

2016-04-01

In the frame of a systematic study of excitation functions of deuteron induced reactions the excitation functions of the (133)Cs(d,x)(133m,133mg,131mg)Ba,(134,)(132)Cs and (12)(9m)Xe nuclear reactions were measured up to 40MeV deuteron energies by using the stacked foil irradiation technique and γ-ray spectroscopy of activated samples. The results were compared with calculations performed with the theoretical nuclear reaction codes ALICE-IPPE-D, EMPIRE II-D and TALYS calculation listed in the TENDL-2014 library. A moderate agreement was obtained. Based on the integral yields deduced from our measured cross sections, production of (131)Cs via the (133)Cs(d,4n)(131)Ba→(131)Cs reaction and (133)Ba via (133)Cs(d,2n) reactions is discussed in comparison with other charged particle production routes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inelastic lepton-deuteron scattering: Possible coherent effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yen, G. D.; Vary, J. P.

1989-07-01

Electron-deuteron data exhibit some unusual secondary peaks in the plots of νW2 versus Bjorken x. It is our spectulation that these peaks are evidence of interference between three-quark and the six-quark cluster contributions to the inclusive data.

The spin structure of the deuteron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frois, B.

1994-12-01

The Spin Muon Collaboration (SMC) has measured for the first time the spin-dependent structure function g{sub 1}{sup d} of the deuteron in the deep inelastic scattering of polarized muons on polarized deuterons in the kinematic range Q{sup 2} > 1 GeV{sup 2}, 0.006 < x < 0.6. The first moment {Gamma}{sub 1}{sup d} = {integral}{sub 0}{sup 1}g{sub 1}{sup d}dx = 0.023 {+-} 0.020(stat.) {+-} 0.015(syst.) is smaller than the prediction of the Ellis-Jaffe sum rules. The author finds that the fraction of the nucleon spin carried by strange quarks {Delta}s is appreciable and negative. Using earlier measurements of g{sub 1}{supmore » p}, the group can infer the first moment of the spin-dependent neutron structure function g{sub 1}{sup n}. The combined analysis of all the available data on the spin-dependent structure functions of the nucleon shows an excellent agreement among the data sets. The author does not find significant deviations from the prediction of the Bjorken sum rule.« less

Neutron production by stopping 55 MeV deuterons in carbon and heavy water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lhersonneau, G.; Malkiewicz, T.; Jones, P.; Ketelhut, S.; Trzaska, W. H.

2012-09-01

Neutron production by stopping 55 MeV deuterons in thick carbon and heavy-water targets has been measured by the activation method. The geometry was close to the one defined for the SPIRAL2 uranium-carbide target in the initial phase. A comparative method for obtaining the neutron flux has been used and is presented in detail. The neutron flux generated by 55 MeV deuterons on carbon is 2.3 times the flux at the deuteron energy of 40 MeV. The flux further increases by a factor 1.4 when using a heavy-water target. These results are discussed in the context of an energy upgrade of the SPIRAL2 driver accelerator.

Neutron energy spectra from the laser-induced Dd,n3He reaction.

PubMed

Hilscher, D; Berndt, O; Enke, M; Jahnke, U; Nickles, P V; Ruhl, H; Sandner, W

2001-07-01

Detailed neutron energy spectra were measured for the D(d,n)3He reaction induced in solid (CD2)(n) targets by irradiation with 50-fs 2 x 10(18) W/cm(2) light pulses from a 10-TW Ti:Sapphire laser. The neutrons were observed at two angles 5 degrees and 112 degrees relative to the incident laser beam. The neutron spectra at the two angles are characterized by peaks with large widths of about 700 keV full width at half maximum and a shift of 300 keV between them. Neutron energies of up to about 4 MeV were observed indicating that deuterons are accelerated up to an energy of 1 MeV in the laser produced plasma. Simulation calculations can describe qualitatively the neutron spectra by assuming isotropic deuteron acceleration and a reduction of the reaction probability by a factor of 1/3 for deuterons emitted from the front of the target. These calculations indicate in particular that it is necessary to assume deuterons moving both into and out of the front of the target in order to describe the neutron energy spectra at the two angles. The highest recorded mean neutron yield was about 10(4) neutrons per pulse. The neutron yield increases with the number of electrons emitted from the front of the target and with the intensity of the prompt gamma flash induced by the bremsstrahlung of energetic electrons.

Vector and Tensor Analyzing Powers in Deuteron-Proton Breakup

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stephan, E.; Kistryn, St.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Biegun, A.; Bodek, K.; Ciepał, I.; Deltuva, A.; Eslami-Kalantari, M.; Fonseca, A. C.; Gasparić, I.; Golak, J.; Jamróz, B.; Joulaeizadeh, L.; Kamada, H.; Kiš, M.; Kłos, B.; Kozela, A.; Mahjour-Shafiei, M.; Mardanpour, H.; Messchendorp, J.; Micherdzińska, A.; Moeini, H.; Nogga, A.; Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani, A.; Skibiński, R.; Sworst, R.; Witała, H.; Zejma, J.

2011-05-01

High precision data for vector and tensor analyzing powers of the {^1{H}({d},{{pp}}){n}} breakup reaction at 130 and 100 MeV deuteron beam energies have been measured in a large fraction of the phase space. They are compared to the theoretical predictions based on various approaches to describe the three nucleon (3N) system dynamics. Theoretical predictions describe very well the vector analyzing power data, with no need to include any three-nucleon force effects for these observables. Tensor analyzing powers can be also very well reproduced by calculations in most of the studied region, but locally certain discrepancies are observed. At 130 MeV for A xy such discrepancies usually appear, or are enhanced, when model 3N forces are included. Predicted effects of 3NFs are much lower at 100 MeV and at this energy equally good consistency between the data and the calculations is obtained with or without 3NFs.

Upconversion fluorescent strip sensor for rapid determination of Vibrio anguillarum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Peng; Wu, Yuanyuan; Zhu, Yihua; Yang, Xiaoling; Jiang, Xin; Xiao, Jingfan; Zhang, Yuanxing; Li, Chunzhong

2014-03-01

Here, we report a simple and ultrasensitive upconversion fluorescent strip sensor based on NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles (NPs) and the lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA). Carboxyl-modified β-NaYF4:Yb,Er NPs were successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot solvothermal approach, upon further coupling with monoclonal antibody, the resultant UCNPs-antibody conjugates probes were used in LFIA and served as signal vehicles for the fluorescent reporters. V. anguillarum was used as a model analyte to demonstrate the use of this strip sensor. The limit of the detection for the fluorescent strip was determined as 102 CFU mL-1, which is 100 times lower than those displayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, while the time needed for the detection was only 15 min. Furthermore, no cross-reaction with other eight pathogens was found, indicating the good specificity of the strip. This developed LFIA would offer the potential as a useful tool for the quantification of pathogens analysis in the future.

Distortion of bulk-ion distribution function due to nuclear elastic scattering and its effect on T(d,n)4He reaction rate coefficient in neutral-beam-injected deuterium-tritium plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsuura, H.; Nakao, Y.

2007-05-01

An effect of nuclear elastic scattering on the rate coefficient of fusion reaction between field deuteron and triton in the presence of neutral beam injection heating is studied. Without assuming a Maxwellian for bulk-ion distribution function, the Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck (BFP) equations for field (bulk) deuteron, field (bulk) triton, α-particle, and beam deuteron are simultaneously solved in an ITER-like deuterium-tritium thermonuclear plasma [R. Aymar, Fusion Eng. Des. 55, 107 (2001)]. The BFP calculation shows that enhancement of the reaction rate coefficient due to knock-on tail formation in fuel-ion distribution functions becomes appreciable, especially in the case of low-density operations.

Elastic electron-deuteron scattering within a relativistic potential model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khokhlov, N. A., E-mail: nikolakhokhlov@yandex.ru; Vakulyuk, A. A.

Elastic electron-deuteron scattering was considered in the point form of relativistic quantum mechanics. Observables of this process and the dependence of the deuteron form factors on the 4-momentum transfer Q up to 8 fm{sup −1} were calculated. The nucleon-nucleon potentials used in the calculations included the Nijmegen potentials NijmI and NijmII, the Bonn potential CD-Bonn, and the Moscow potential involving forbidden states. A parametrization of the nucleon form factors that complies with present-day experimental results was used as input data. The results of the calculations that employ all of the above potential types describe experimental data at least up tomore » Q ≈ 5 fm{sup −}1.« less

Monte carlo simulations of Yttrium reaction rates in Quinta uranium target

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suchopár, M.; Wagner, V.; Svoboda, O.; Vrzalová, J.; Chudoba, P.; Tichý, P.; Kugler, A.; Adam, J.; Závorka, L.; Baldin, A.; Furman, W.; Kadykov, M.; Khushvaktov, J.; Solnyshkin, A.; Tsoupko-Sitnikov, V.; Tyutyunnikov, S.; Bielewicz, M.; Kilim, S.; Strugalska-Gola, E.; Szuta, M.

2017-03-01

The international collaboration Energy and Transmutation of Radioactive Waste (E&T RAW) performed intensive studies of several simple accelerator-driven system (ADS) setups consisting of lead, uranium and graphite which were irradiated by relativistic proton and deuteron beams in the past years at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. The most recent setup called Quinta, consisting of natural uranium target-blanket and lead shielding, was irradiated by deuteron beams in the energy range between 1 and 8 GeV in three accelerator runs at JINR Nuclotron in 2011 and 2012 with yttrium samples among others inserted inside the setup to measure the neutron flux in various places. Suitable activation detectors serve as one of possible tools for monitoring of proton and deuteron beams and for measurements of neutron field distribution in ADS studies. Yttrium is one of such suitable materials for monitoring of high energy neutrons. Various threshold reactions can be observed in yttrium samples. The yields of isotopes produced in the samples were determined using the activation method. Monte Carlo simulations of the reaction rates leading to production of different isotopes were performed in the MCNPX transport code and compared with the experimental results obtained from the yttrium samples.

The lateral tarsal strip revisited. The enhanced tarsal strip.

PubMed

Jordan, D R; Anderson, R L

1989-04-01

The lateral tarsal strip procedure was originally designed for the treatment of upper and lower eyelid laxity, or lateral canthal tendon laxity or malposition. Despite the excellent results with a standard tarsal strip procedure for those eyelids with laxity and excess skin, we have encountered a number of patients with lower eyelid or canthal malpositions or both who would benefit from a tarsal strip, but who do not have lax tissues (especially skin), and may in fact have a shortage of skin. These include cases of lower lid retraction or canthal malposition following trauma, blepharoplasty, or other operations, and patients with tendency toward or having cicatricial ectropion. Any anterior lamella removal in such patients would aggravate the lid malposition and weaken the lateral canthal tissues to be sutured. We suggest a modification of the tarsal strip (developed by one of us [R.L.A.]) to treat many such patients without requiring additional anterior lamella (skin graft) or more formidable procedures. We refer to this technique as the "enhanced tarsal strip" technique, and we use this technique more frequently than the original tarsal strip procedure.

Interaction of the high energy deuterons with the graphite target in the plasma focus devices based on Lee model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akel, M., E-mail: pscientific2@aec.org.sy; Alsheikh Salo, S.; Ismael, Sh.

2014-07-15

Numerical experiments are systematically carried out using the Lee model code extended to compute the ion beams on various plasma focus devices operated with Deuterium gas. The deuteron beam properties of the plasma focus are studied for low and high energy plasma focus device. The energy spectral distribution for deuteron ions ejected from the pinch plasma is calculated and the ion numbers with energy around 1 MeV is then determined. The deuteron–graphite target interaction is studied for different conditions. The yield of the reaction {sup 12}C(d,n){sup 13}N and the induced radioactivity for one and multi shots plasma focus devices in themore » graphite solid target is investigated. Our results present the optimized high energy repetitive plasma focus devices as an alternative to accelerators for the production of {sup 13}N short lived radioisotopes. However, technical challenges await solutions on two fronts: (a) operation of plasma focus machines at high rep rates for a sufficient period of time (b) design of durable targets that can take the thermal load.« less

Comparison between different interdental stripping methods and evaluation of abrasive strips: SEM analysis.

PubMed

Grippaudo, Cristina; Cancellieri, Daniela; Grecolini, Maria E; Deli, Roberto

2010-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological effects and the surface irregularities produced by different methods of mechanical stripping (abrasive strips and burs) and chemical stripping (37% orthophosphoric acid) and the surface changes following the finishing procedures (polishing strips) or the subsequent application of sealants, in order to establish the right stripping method that can guarantee the smoothest surface. We have also analysed the level of wear on the different abrasive strips employed, according to their structure. 160 proximal surfaces of 80 sound molar teeth extracted for orthodontic and periodontal reasons, were divided into: 1 control group with non-treated enamel proximal surfaces and 5 different groups according to the stripping method used, were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each one of the 5 treated groups was also divided into 3 different subgroups according to the finishing procedures or the subsequent application of sealants. The finishing stage following the manual reduction proves to be fundamental in reducing the number and depth of grooves created by the stripping. After the air rotor stripping method, the use of sealants is advised in order to obtain a smoother surface. The analysis of the combinations of mechanical and chemical stripping showed unsatisfactory results. Concerning the wear of the strips, we have highlighted a different abrasion degree for the different types of strips analysed with SEM. The enamel damages are limited only if the finishing procedure is applied, independently of the type of abrasive strip employed. It would be advisable, though clinically seldom possible, the use of sealants after the air rotor stripping technique. Copyright © 2010 Società Italiana di Ortodonzia SIDO. Published by Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.

Anatomy comic strips.

PubMed

Park, Jin Seo; Kim, Dae Hyun; Chung, Min Suk

2011-01-01

Comics are powerful visual messages that convey immediate visceral meaning in ways that conventional texts often cannot. This article's authors created comic strips to teach anatomy more interestingly and effectively. Four-frame comic strips were conceptualized from a set of anatomy-related humorous stories gathered from the authors' collective imagination. The comics were drawn on paper and then recreated with digital graphics software. More than 500 comic strips have been drawn and labeled in Korean language, and some of them have been translated into English. All comic strips can be viewed on the Department of Anatomy homepage at the Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea. The comic strips were written and drawn by experienced anatomists, and responses from viewers have generally been favorable. These anatomy comic strips, designed to help students learn the complexities of anatomy in a straightforward and humorous way, are expected to be improved further by the authors and other interested anatomists. Copyright © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.

Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia.

PubMed

Wen-de, Wu; Min, Li; Ming, Chen; Li-Ping, Li; Rui, Wang; Hai-Lan, Chen; Fu-Yan, Chen; Qiang, Mi; Wan-Wen, Liang; Han-Zhong, Chen

2017-05-15

A colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip was developed for rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) infection in tilapia. The monoclonal antibodies (mAb) 4C12 and 3A9 were used to target S. agalactiae as colloidal gold-mAb conjugate and captured antibody, respectively. The colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip was assembled via routine procedures. Optimal pH and minimum antibody levels in the reaction system for gold colloidal-mAb 4C12 conjugation were pH 7.4 and 18μg/mL, respectively. Optimal concentrations of the captured antibody 3A9 and goat anti-mouse antibody were 0.6mg/mL and 2mg/mL, respectively. The sensitivity of the strip for detecting S. agalactiae was 1.5×10 5 colony forming units (CFU). No cross-reaction was observed with other commonly encountered bacteria, including Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum and Streptococcus iniae. The assay time for S. agalactiae was less than 15min. Tilapia samples artificially infected with S. agalactiae were tested using the newly developed strip. The results indicated that blood, brain, kidney, spleen, metanephros and intestine specimens of infected fish can be used for S. agalactiae detection. The validity of the strip was maintained for 6 months at 4°C. These findings suggested that the immunochromatographic strip was effective for spot and rapid detection of S. agalactiae infected tilapia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ignition Delay Associated with a Strained Strip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gerk, T. J.; Karagozian, A. R.

1996-01-01

Ignition processes associated with two adjacent fuel-oxidizer interferences bounding a strained fuel strip are explored here using single-step activation energy asymptotics. Calculations are made for constant as well as temporally decaying strain fields. There possible models of ignition are determined: one in which the two interfaces ignite independently as diffusion flames; one in which the two interfaces ignite dependently and in which ignition occurs to form a single , premixed flame at very high strain rates before ignition is completely prevented. In contrast to a single, isolated interface in which ignition can be prevented by overmatching heat production with heat convection due to strain, ignition of a strained fuel strip can also be prevented if the finite extend of fuel is diluted by oxidizer more quickly than heat production can cause a positive feedback thermal runaway. These behaviors are dependent on the relative sizes of timescales associated with species and heat diffusion, with convection due to strain, and with the chemical reaction. The result here indicate that adjacent, strained species interfaces may ignite quite differently in nature from ignition of a single, strained intrface and that their interdependence should be considered as the interfaces are brought closer together in complex strain fields. Critical strain rates leading to complete ignition delay are found to be considerably smaller for the fuel strip than those for single interfaces as the fuel strip is made thin in comparison to diffusion and chemical length scales.

Lateral flow strip assay

DOEpatents

Miles, Robin R [Danville, CA; Benett, William J [Livermore, CA; Coleman, Matthew A [Oakland, CA; Pearson, Francesca S [Livermore, CA; Nasarabadi, Shanavaz L [Livermore, CA

2011-03-08

A lateral flow strip assay apparatus comprising a housing; a lateral flow strip in the housing, the lateral flow strip having a receiving portion; a sample collection unit; and a reagent reservoir. Saliva and/or buccal cells are collected from an individual using the sample collection unit. The sample collection unit is immersed in the reagent reservoir. The tip of the lateral flow strip is immersed in the reservoir and the reagent/sample mixture wicks up into the lateral flow strip to perform the assay.

Coincidence charged-current neutrino-induced deuteron disintegration for H 2 2 O 16

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Van Orden, J. W.; Donnelly, T. W.; Moreno, O.

Semi-inclusive charge-changing neutrino reactions on targets of heavy water are investigated with the goal of determining the relative contributions to the total cross section of deuterium and oxygen in kinematics chosen to emphasize the former. The study is undertaken for conditions where the typical neutrino beam energies are in the few GeV region, and hence relativistic modeling is essential. For this, the previous relativistic approach for the deuteron is employed, together with a spectral function approach for the case of oxygen. Upon optimizing the kinematics of the final-state particles assumed to be detected (typically a muon and a proton) it is shown that the oxygen contribution to the total cross section is suppressed by roughly an order or magnitude compared with the deuterium cross section, thereby confirming that CCmore » $$\

Coincidence charged-current neutrino-induced deuteron disintegration for H 2 2 O 16

DOE PAGES

Van Orden, J. W.; Donnelly, T. W.; Moreno, O.

2017-12-26

Semi-inclusive charge-changing neutrino reactions on targets of heavy water are investigated with the goal of determining the relative contributions to the total cross section of deuterium and oxygen in kinematics chosen to emphasize the former. The study is undertaken for conditions where the typical neutrino beam energies are in the few GeV region, and hence relativistic modeling is essential. For this, the previous relativistic approach for the deuteron is employed, together with a spectral function approach for the case of oxygen. Upon optimizing the kinematics of the final-state particles assumed to be detected (typically a muon and a proton) it is shown that the oxygen contribution to the total cross section is suppressed by roughly an order or magnitude compared with the deuterium cross section, thereby confirming that CCmore » $$\

COPPER-64 Production Studies with Natural Zinc Targets at Deuteron Energy up to 19 Mev and Proton Energy from 141 Down to 31 Mev

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonardi, Mauro L.; Birattari, Claudio; Groppi, Flavia; Song Mainard, Hae; Zhuikov, Boris L.; Kokhanyuk, Vladimir M.; Lapshina, Elena V.; Mebel, Michail V.; Menapace, Enzo

2004-07-01

High specific activity no-carrier-added 64Cu is a β-/β+ emitting radionuclide of increasing interest for PET imaging, as well as systemic and targeted radioimmunotherapy of tumors. Its peculiarity of intense Auger emitter is still under investigation. The cross-sections for production of 64Cu from Zn target of natural isotopic composition were measured in the deuteron energy range from threshold up to 19 MeV and proton energy range from 141 down to 31 MeV. The stacked-foil technique was used at both K=38 cyclotron of JRC-Ispra of CEC, Italy and 160 MeV intersection point of INR proton-LINAC in Troitsk, Russia. Several Ga, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, V, Fe and Mn radionuclides were detected in Zn targets at the EOB. Optimized irradiation conditions are reported as a function of deuteron energy and energy loss into the Zn target, as well as target irradiation time and cooling time after radiochemistry. The activity of n.c.a. 64Cu was measured through its only γ emission of 1346 keV (i.e. 0.473 % intensity) both by instrumental and radiochemical methods, due to the non-specificity of annihilation radiation at 511 keV. To this last purpose, it was necessary to carry out a selective radiochemical separation of GaIII radionuclides by liquid/liquid extraction from the bulk of irradiated Zn targets and other spallation products, which remained in the 7 M HCl aqueous phase. Anion exchange chromatography tests had been carried out to separate the 64Cu from all others radionuclides in n.c.a. form. Theoretical calculations of cross-sections were performed with codes EMPIRE II and PENELOPE for deuteron reactions and CEF model and HMS-ALICE hybrid model for proton reactions. The theoretical results are presented and compared with the experimental values.

Spin structure of the 'Forward' nucleon charge-exchange reaction n + p {yields} p + n and the deuteron charge-exchange breakup

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lyuboshitz, V. L., E-mail: Valery.Lyuboshitz@jinr.ru; Lyuboshitz, V. V.

2011-02-15

The structure of the nucleon charge-exchange process n + p {yields} p + n is investigated basing on the isotopic invariance of the nucleon-nucleon scattering. Using the operator of permutation of the spin projections of the neutron and proton, the connection between the spin matrices, describing the amplitude of the nucleon charge-exchange process at zero angle and the amplitude of the elastic scattering of the neutron on the proton in the 'backward' direction, has been considered. Due to the optical theorem, the spin-independent part of the differential cross section of the process n + p {yields} p + n atmore » zero angle for unpolarized particles is expressed through the difference of total cross sections of unpolarized proton-proton and neutron-proton scattering. Meantime, the spin-dependent part of this cross section is proportional to the differential cross section of the deuteron charge-exchange breakup d + p {yields} (pp) + n at zero angle at the deuteron momentum k{sub d} = 2 k{sub n} (k{sub n} is the initial neutron momentum). Analysis shows that, assuming the real part of the spin-independent term of the 'forward' amplitude of the process n + p {yields} p + n to be smaller or of the same order as compared with the imaginary part, in the wide range of neutron laboratory momenta k{sub n} > 700 MeV/c the main contribution into the differential cross section of the process n + p {yields} p + n at zero angle is provided namely by the spin-dependent term.« less

Comparative analysis of properties of channels of deuteron and tritium production in {sup 16}Op collisions at a projectile momentum of 3.25 GeV/c per nucleon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Olimov, K., E-mail: olimov@uzsci.net; Glagolev, V. V.; Gulamov, K. G.

2014-12-15

The results of a comparative analysis of channels involving the inclusive production of deuterons and tritons in {sup 16}Op collisions at a projectile momentum of 3.25 GeV/c per nucleon are presented. The mechanisms governing proton, deuteron, and triton production in the fragmentation of oxygen nuclei are found to be independent. It is shown that the observed proton-multiplicity correlations are associated predominantly with the character of the primary event of a proton-nucleon collision in {sup 16}Op interactions. It is found that, in reactions involving triton production, the contributions of processes leading to an increase in the mean proton multiplicity (n →more » p + π{sup −} and np → pn) and processes leading to its decrease (p → n + π{sup +}) compensate each other.« less

Analysis/design of strip reinforced random composites (strip hybrids)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chamis, C. C.; Sinclair, J. H.

1978-01-01

Advanced analysis methods and composite mechanics were applied to a strip-reinforced random composite square panel with fixed ends to illustrate the use of these methods for the a priori assessment of the composite panel when subjected to complex loading conditions. The panel was assumed to be of E-glass random composite. The strips were assumed to be of three advanced unidirectional composites to cover a range of low, intermediate, and high modulus stiffness. The panels were assumed to be subjected to complex loadings to assess their adequacy as load-carrying members in auto body, aircraft engine nacelle and windmill blade applications. The results show that strip hybrid panels can be several times more structurally efficient than the random composite base materials. Some of the results are presented in graphical form and procedures are described for use of these graphs as guides for preliminary design of strip hybrids.

On the Relativistic Separable Functions for the Breakup Reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bondarenko, Serge G.; Burov, Valery V.; Rogochaya, Elena P.

2018-02-01

In the paper the so-called modified Yamaguchi function for the Bethe-Salpeter equation with a separable kernel is discussed. The type of the functions is defined by the analytic stucture of the hadron current with breakup - the reactions with interacting nucleon-nucleon pair in the final state (electro-, photo-, and nucleon-disintegration of the deuteron).

Spin Manipulating Vector and Tensor Polarized Deuterons Stored in COSY

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morozov, Vassili; Krisch, Alan; Leonova, Maria; Raymond, Richard; Sivers, Dennis; Wong, Victor; Yonehara, Katsuya; Bechstedt, Ulf; Gebel, Ralf; Lehrach, Andreas; Lorentz, Bernd; Maier, Rudolf; Schnase, Alexander; Stockhorst, Hans; Eversheim, Dieter; Hinterberger, Frank; Rohdjess, Heiko; Ulbrich, Kay

2004-05-01

We recently studied spin flipping and spin manipulation of a simultaneously vector and tensor polarized deuteron beam stored in the COSY Cooler Synchrotron at 1.85 GeV/c. Using the EDDA detector we calibrated vector and tensor analyzing powers, which were earlier unknown at this energy; thus, we were able to obtain the absolute values for both the vector and tensor polarizations. We manipulated the deuteron's polarization using a new water-cooled ferrite rf dipole, by adiabatically sweeping its frequency through an rf-induced spin resonance. We first experimentally determined the resonance's frequency and then varied the dipole's frequency range and frequency ramp time. This allowed us to maximize the vector polarization spin-flip efficiency to about 97 ± 1%. We also studied the interesting tensor polarization manipulation in considerable detail.

Evaluation of Reagent-Impregnated Coagulase-Mannitol Test Strip for Speciation of Staphylococci

PubMed Central

Washington, John A.; Yu, Pauline K. W.

1970-01-01

A new coagulase-mannitol reagent-impregnated strip test has been evaluated with 322 Micrococcaceae. Mannitol fermentation was determined accurately by this test; however, the coagulase reaction was difficult to interpret and was subject to significant error. PMID:5418952

Inclusive neutrino scattering off the deuteron from threshold to GeV energies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, G.; Marcucci, L. E.; Carlson, J.; Gandolfi, S.; Schiavilla, R.

2012-09-01

Background: Neutrino-nucleus quasi-elastic scattering is crucial to interpret the neutrino oscillation results in long baseline neutrino experiments. There are rather large uncertainties in the cross section, due to insufficient knowledge on the role of two-body weak currents.Purpose: Determine the role of two-body weak currents in neutrino-deuteron quasi-elastic scattering up to GeV energies.Methods: Calculate cross sections for inclusive neutrino scattering off deuteron induced by neutral and charge-changing weak currents, from threshold up to GeV energies, using the Argonne v18 potential and consistent nuclear electroweak currents with one- and two-body terms.Results: Two-body contributions are found to be small, and increase the cross sections obtained with one-body currents by less than 10% over the whole range of energies. Total cross sections obtained by describing the final two-nucleon states with plane waves differ negligibly, for neutrino energies ≳ MeV, from those in which interaction effects in these states are fully accounted for. The sensitivity of the calculated cross sections to different models for the two-nucleon potential and/or two-body terms in the weak current is found to be weak. Comparing cross sections to those obtained in a naive model in which the deuteron is taken to consist of a free proton and neutron at rest, nuclear structure effects are illustrated to be non-negligible.Conclusion: Contributions of two-body currents in neutrino-deuteron quasi-elastic scattering up to GeV are found to be smaller than 10%. Finally, it should be stressed that the results reported in this work do not include pion production channels.

Stripping Voltammetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lovrić, Milivoj

Electrochemical stripping means the oxidative or reductive removal of atoms, ions, or compounds from an electrode surface (or from the electrode body, as in the case of liquid mercury electrodes with dissolved metals) [1-5]. In general, these atoms, ions, or compounds have been preliminarily immobilized on the surface of an inert electrode (or within it) as the result of a preconcentration step, while the products of the electrochemical stripping will dissolve in the electrolytic solution. Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the preconcentration. However, there are exemptions to these rules. Electroanalytical stripping methods comprise two steps: first, the accumulation of a dissolved analyte onto, or in, the working electrode, and, second, the subsequent stripping of the accumulated substance by a voltammetric [3, 5], potentiometric [6, 7], or coulometric [8] technique. In stripping voltammetry, the condition is that there are two independent linear relationships: the first one between the activity of accumulated substance and the concentration of analyte in the sample, and the second between the maximum stripping current and the accumulated substance activity. Hence, a cumulative linear relationship between the maximum response and the analyte concentration exists. However, the electrode capacity for the analyte accumulation is limited and the condition of linearity is satisfied only well below the electrode saturation. For this reason, stripping voltammetry is used mainly in trace analysis. The limit of detection depends on the factor of proportionality between the activity of the accumulated substance and the bulk concentration of the analyte. This factor is a constant in the case of a chemical accumulation, but for electrochemical accumulation it depends on the electrode potential. The factor of proportionality between the maximum stripping current and the analyte concentration is rarely known exactly. In fact

Cross sections of the reaction {sup 231}Pa(d,3n){sup 230}U for the production of {sup 230}U/{sup 226}Th for targeted {alpha} therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morgenstern, A.; Bruchertseifer, F.; Zielinska, B.

2009-11-15

{sup 230}U and its daughter nuclide {sup 226}Th are novel therapeutic nuclides for application in targeted {alpha} therapy of cancer. We investigated the feasibility of producing {sup 230}U/{sup 226}Th via deuteron irradiation of {sup 231}Pa according to the reaction {sup 231}Pa(d,3n){sup 230}U. The experimental excitation function for a deuteron-induced reaction on {sup 231}Pa is reported for the first time. Cross sections were measured using thin targets of {sup 231}Pa prepared by electrodeposition and {sup 230}U yields were analysed using {alpha} spectrometry. Beam energies were calculated from measured beam orbits and compared with the values obtained via monitor reactions on aluminiummore » foils using high-resolution {gamma} spectrometry and IAEA recommended cross sections. Beam intensities were determined using a beam current integrator. The experimental cross sections are in excellent agreement with model calculations allowing for deuteron breakup using the EMPIRE 3 code. According to thick-target yields calculated from the experimental excitation function, the reaction {sup 231}Pa(d,3n){sup 230}U allows the production of {sup 230}U/{sup 226}Th at moderate levels.« less

Anion-intercalated layered double hydroxides modified test strips for detection of heavy metal ions.

PubMed

Wang, Nan; Sun, Jianchao; Fan, Hai; Ai, Shiyun

2016-01-01

In this work, a novel approach for facile and rapid detection of heavy metal ions using anion-intercalated layered double hydroxides (LDHs) modified test strips is demonstrated. By intercalating Fe(CN)6(4-) or S(2-) anions into the interlayers of LDHs on the filter paper, various heavy metal ions can be easily detected based on the color change before and after reaction between the anions and the heavy metal ions. Upon the dropping of heavy metal ions solutions to the test strips, the colors of the test strips changed instantly, which can be easily observed by naked eyes. With the decrease of the concentration, the color depth changed obviously. The lowest detection concentration can be up to 1×10(-6) mol L(-1). Due to the easily intercalation of anions into the interlayer of the LDHs on test trips, this procedure provides a general method for the construction of LDHs modified test strips for detection of heavy metal ions. The stability of the prepared test strips is investigated. Furthermore, all the results were highly reproducible. The test strips may have potential applications in environmental monitoring fields. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of secondary neutron interactions with 232Th, 129I, and 127I nuclei with the uranium assembly “QUINTA” at 2, 4, and 8GeV deuteron beams of the JINR Nuclotron accelerator

DOE PAGES

Adam, J.; Chilap, V. V.; Furman, V. I.; ...

2015-11-04

The natural uranium assembly, “QUINTA”, was irradiated with 2, 4, and 8 GeV deuterons. The 232Th, 127I, and 129I samples have been exposed to secondary neutrons produced in the assembly at a 20-cm radial distance from the deuteron beam axis. The spectra of gamma rays emitted by the activated 232Th, 127I, and 129I samples have been analyzed and several tens of product nuclei have been identified. For each of those products, neutron-induced reaction rates have been determined. The transmutation power for the 129I samples is estimated. Furthermore, experimental results were compared to those calculated with well-known stochastic and deterministic codes.

Source of polarised deuterons. (JINR accelerator complex)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fimushkin, V. V.; Belov, A. S.; Kovalenko, A. D.; Kutuzova, L. V.; Prokofichev, Yu. V.; Shimanskiy, S. S.; Vadeev, V. P.

2008-08-01

The proposed project assumes the development of a universal high-intensity source of polarized deuterons (protons) using a charge-exchange plasma ionizer. The design output current of the source will be up to 10mA for ↑ D+(↑ H+) and polarization will be up to 90% of the maximal vector (±1) and tensor (+1,-2) polarization. The project is based on the equipment which was supplied within the framework of an agreement between JINR and IUCF (Bloomington, USA). The project will be realized in close cooperation with INR (Moscow, Russia). The source will be installed in the linac hall (LU-20) and polarization of beams will be measured at the output of LU-20. The main purpose of the project is to increase the intensity of the accelerated polarized beams at the JINR Accelerator Complex up to 1010 d/pulse. Calculations and first accelerator runs have shown that the depolarization resonances are absent for the deuteron beam in the entire energy range of the NUCLOTRON. The source could be transformed into a source of polarized negative ions if necessary. The period of reliable operation without participation of the personnel should be within 1000 hours. The project should be implemented within two to two and a half years from the start of funding.

Online polarimetry of the Nuclotron internal deuteron and proton beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Isupov, A. Yu

2017-12-01

The spin studies at Nuclotron require fast and precise determination of the deuteron and proton beam polarization. For these purposes new powerful VME-based data acquisition (DAQ) system has been designed for the Deuteron Spin Structure setup placed at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station. The DAQ system is built using the netgraph-based data acquisition and processing framework ngdp. The software dealing with VME hardware is a set of netgraph nodes in form of the loadable kernel modules, so works in the operating system kernel context. The specific for current implementation nodes and user context utilities are described. The online events representation by ROOT classes allows us to generalize code for histograms filling and polarization calculations. The DAQ system was successfully used during 53rd and 54th Nuclotron runs, and their suitability for online polarimetry is demonstrated.

Acceleration of polarized protons and deuterons in the ion collider ring of JLEIC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kondratenko, A. M.; Kondratenko, M. A.; Filatov, Yu N.; Derbenev, Ya S.; Lin, F.; Morozov, V. S.; Zhang, Y.

2017-07-01

The figure-8-shaped ion collider ring of Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) is transparent to the spin. It allows one to preserve proton and deuteron polarizations using weak stabilizing solenoids when accelerating the beam up to 100 GeV/c. When the stabilizing solenoids are introduced into the collider’s lattice, the particle spins precess about a spin field, which consists of the field induced by the stabilizing solenoids and the zero-integer spin resonance strength. During acceleration of the beam, the induced spin field is maintained constant while the resonance strength experiences significant changes in the regions of “interference peaks”. The beam polarization depends on the field ramp rate of the arc magnets. Its component along the spin field is preserved if acceleration is adiabatic. We present the results of our theoretical analysis and numerical modeling of the spin dynamics during acceleration of protons and deuterons in the JLEIC ion collider ring. We demonstrate high stability of the deuteron polarization in figure-8 accelerators. We analyze a change in the beam polarization when crossing the transition energy.

Furfural production by 'acidic steam stripping' of lignocellulose.

PubMed

van Buijtenen, Jeroen; Lange, Jean-Paul; Espinosa Alonso, Leticia; Spiering, Wouter; Polmans, Rob F; Haan, Rene J

2013-11-01

Furfural and acetic acid are produced with approximately 60 and 90 mol % yield, respectively, upon stripping bagasse with a gaseous stream of HCl/steam and condensing the effluent to water/furfural/acetic acid. The reaction kinetics is 1(st)  order in furfural and 0.5(th)  order in HCl. A process concept with full recycling of the reaction effluents is proposed to reduce the energy demand to <10 tonsteam  tonfurfural (-1) and facilitate the product recovery through a simple liquid/liquid separation of the condensate into a water-rich and a furfural-rich phase. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Resonant Interaction, Approximate Symmetry, and Electromagnetic Interaction (EMI) in Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chubb, Scott

2007-03-01

Only recently (talk by P.A. Mosier-Boss et al, in this session) has it become possible to trigger high energy particle emission and Excess Heat, on demand, in LENR involving PdD. Also, most nuclear physicists are bothered by the fact that the dominant reaction appears to be related to the least common deuteron(d) fusion reaction,d+d ->α+γ. A clear consensus about the underlying effect has also been illusive. One reason for this involves confusion about the approximate (SU2) symmetry: The fact that all d-d fusion reactions conserve isospin has been widely assumed to mean the dynamics is driven by the strong force interaction (SFI), NOT EMI. Thus, most nuclear physicists assume: 1. EMI is static; 2. Dominant reactions have smallest changes in incident kinetic energy (T); and (because of 2), d+d ->α+γ is suppressed. But this assumes a stronger form of SU2 symmetry than is present; d+d ->α+γ reactions are suppressed not because of large changes in T but because the interaction potential involves EMI, is dynamic (not static), the SFI is static, and because the two incident deuterons must have approximate Bose Exchange symmetry and vanishing spin. A generalization of this idea involves a resonant form of reaction, similar to the de-excitation of an atom. These and related (broken gauge) symmetry EMI effects on LENR are discussed.

Stripping by laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malavallon, Olivier

1995-04-01

Laser beam stripping can be achieved using several active materials: YAG, CO2 Tea, or Excimer. The YAG laser appears to be the most efficient laser assessed in this report. However, the results obtained for productivity, quality, and type of stripping were very poor. Also, for stripping and on account of its specifications, the laser beam can only be used in an automated manner. In spite of these results, it seems that certain companies in Europe have recently developed technical solutions allowing better results to be obtained.

Bismuth-based electrochemical stripping analysis

DOEpatents

Wang, Joseph

2004-01-27

Method and apparatus for trace metal detection and analysis using bismuth-coated electrodes and electrochemical stripping analysis. Both anodic stripping voltammetry and adsorptive stripping analysis may be employed.

Informing neutron capture nucleosynthesis on short-lived nuclei with (d,p) reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cizewski, Jolie A.; Ratkiewicz, Andrew; Escher, Jutta E.; Lepailleur, Alexandre; Pain, Steven D.; Potel, Gregory

2018-01-01

Neutron capture on unstable nuclei is important in understanding abundances in r-process nucleosynthesis. Previously, the non-elastic breakup of the deuteron in the (d,p) reaction has been shown to provide a neutron that can be captured by the nucleus and the gamma-ray decay of the subsequent compound nucleus can be modelled to predict the gamma-ray decay of the compound nucleus in the (n,γ) reaction. Preliminary results from the 95Mo(d,pγ) reaction in normal kinematics support the (d,pγ) reaction as a valid surrogate for neutron capture. The techniques to measure the (d,pγ) reaction in inverse kinematics have been developed.

Measurement of the Asymmetry of Photoproduction of π- Mesons on Linearly Polarized Deuterons by Linearly Polarized Photons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gauzshtein, V. V.; Zevakov, S. A.; Levchuk, M. I.; Loginov, A. Yu.; Nikolenko, D. M.; Rachek, I. A.; Sadykov, R. Sh.; Toporkov, D. K.; Shestakov, Yu. V.

2018-05-01

The first results of a double polarization experiment to extract the asymmetry of the reaction of photoproduction of a π- meson by a linearly polarized photon on a tensor-polarized deuteron in the energy range of the virtual photon (300-700 MeV) are presented. The measurements were performed on an internal tensor-polarized deuterium target in the VEPP-3 electron-positron storage ring for the electron beam energy equal to 2 GeV. The experiment employed the method of recording two protons and the scattered electron in coincidence. The obtained measurement results are compared with the theoretical predictions obtained in the momentum approximation with allowance for πN and NN rescattering in the final state.

Ignition, Burning, and Extinction of a Strained Fuel Strip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Selerland, T.; Karagozian, A. R.

1996-01-01

Flame structure and ignition and extinction processes associated with a strained fuel strip are explored numerically using detailed transport and complex kinetics for a propane-air reaction. Ignition modes are identified that are similar to those predicted by one-step activation energy asymptotics, i.e., modes in which diffusion flames can ignite as independent or dependent interfaces, and modes in which single premixed or partially premixed flames ignite. These ignition modes are found to be dependent on critical combinations of strain rate, fuel strip thickness, and initial reactant temperatures. Extinction in this configuration is seen to occur due to fuel consumption by adjacent flames, although viscosity is seen to have the effect of delaying extinction by reducing the effective strain rate and velocity field experienced by the flames.

Acceleration of polarized protons and deuterons in the ion collider ring of JLEIC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kondratenko, A.; Kondratenko, M.; Filatov, Yu. N.

2017-07-01

The figure-8-shaped ion collider ring of Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) is transparent to the spin. It allows one to preserve proton and deuteron polarizations using weak stabilizing solenoids when accelerating the beam up to 100 GeV/c. When the stabilizing solenoids are introduced into the collider's lattice, the particle spins precess about a spin field, which consists of the field induced by the stabilizing solenoids and the zero-integer spin resonance strength. During acceleration of the beam, the induced spin field is maintained constant while the resonance strength experiences significant changes in the regions of "interference peaks". The beam polarization dependsmore » on the field ramp rate of the arc magnets. Its component along the spin field is preserved if acceleration is adiabatic. We present the results of our theoretical analysis and numerical modeling of the spin dynamics during acceleration of protons and deuterons in the JLEIC ion collider ring. We demonstrate high stability of the deuteron polarization in figure-8 accelerators. We analyze a change in the beam polarization when crossing the transition energy.« less

Complete set of deuteron analyzing powers from d ⃗p elastic scattering at 190 MeV/nucleon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sekiguchi, K.; Witała, H.; Akieda, T.; Eto, D.; Kon, H.; Wada, Y.; Watanabe, A.; Chebotaryov, S.; Dozono, M.; Golak, J.; Kamada, H.; Kawakami, S.; Kubota, Y.; Maeda, Y.; Miki, K.; Milman, E.; Ohkura, A.; Sakai, H.; Sakaguchi, S.; Sakamoto, N.; Sasano, M.; Shindo, Y.; Skibiński, R.; Suzuki, H.; Tabata, M.; Uesaka, T.; Wakasa, T.; Yako, K.; Yamamoto, T.; Yanagisawa, Y.; Yasuda, J.

2017-12-01

All deuteron analyzing powers for elastic deuteron-proton (d p ) scattering have been measured with a polarized deuteron beam at 186.6 MeV/nucleon. They are compared with results of three-nucleon Faddeev calculations based on the standard, high-precision nucleon-nucleon (N N ) potentials alone or combined with commonly used three-nucleon force (3 N F ) models such as the Tucson-Melbourne '99 or the Urbana IX. Predicted 3 N F effects localized at backward angles are supported only partially by the data. The data are also compared to predictions based on locally regularized chiral N N potentials. An estimation of theoretical truncation uncertainties in the consecutive orders of chiral expansion suggests that the observed discrepancies between this modern theory and the data could probably be explained by including chiral 3 N F 's in future calculations. A systematic comparison to the deuteron analyzing power data previously taken at incident energies from 70 to 294 MeV/nucleon clearly shows that not only the cross section but also the analyzing powers reveal growing 3 N F effects when the three-nucleon system energy is increased.

Simultaneous monitoring of glucose and uric acid on a single test strip with dual channels.

PubMed

Guo, Jinhong; Ma, Xing

2017-08-15

The conventional test strip has usually only one electrochemical reaction channel, which requires two times figure punctures for the self-management of patients suffering from both diabetes and gout. Considering the large number of such patients and for the sake of reducing their pains, we report an enzymatic test strip which can simultaneously monitor glucose and uric acid (UA) with only one fingertip blood droplet. The proposed test strip is composed of dual channels. The glucose in blood is detected in the 1st channel above on the substrate and the UA is characterized in the 2nd channel located at the bottom of the substrate. The proposed design intensively matches the requirement of those patients simultaneously suffering from diabetes and gout. We carried out comparative investigations on the proposed test strip and clinical biochemical analyser, which indicates a good agreement and proved the reliability and accuracy of the proposed test strip, as promising solution for the fast growth of family health management market. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Theoretical Investigation of the Interfacial Reactions during Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandal, G. K.; Balasubramaniam, R.; Mehrotra, S. P.

2009-03-01

In the modern galvanizing line, as soon as the steel strip enters the aluminum-containing zinc bath, two reactions occur at the strip and the liquid-zinc alloy interface: (1) iron rapidly dissolves from the strip surface, raising the iron concentration in the liquid phase at the strip-liquid interface; and (2) aluminum forms a stable aluminum-iron intermetallic compound layer at the strip-coating interface due to its greater affinity toward iron. The main objective of this study is to develop a simple and realistic mathematical model for better understanding of the kinetics of galvanizing reactions at the strip and the liquid-zinc alloy interface. In the present study, a model is proposed to simulate the effect of various process parameters on iron dissolution in the bath, as well as, aluminum-rich inhibition layer formation at the substrate-coating interface. The transient-temperature profile of the immersed strip is predicted based on conductive and convective heat-transfer mechanisms. The inhibition-layer thickness at the substrate-coating interface is predicted by assuming the cooling path of the immersed strip consists of a series of isothermal holds of infinitesimal time-step. The influence of galvanizing reaction is assessed by considering nucleation and growth mechanisms at each hold time, which is used to estimate the total effect of the immersion time on the formation mechanism of the inhibition layer. The iron- dissolution model is developed based on well established principles of diffusion taking into consideration the area fraction covered by the intermetallic on the strip surface during formation of the inhibition layer. The model can be effectively used to monitor the dross formation in the bath by optimizing the process parameters. Theoretical predictions are compared with the findings of other researchers. Simulated results are in good agreement with the theoretical and experimental observation carried out by other investigators.

Retractable barrier strip

DOEpatents

Marts, Donna J.; Barker, Stacey G.; McQueen, Miles A.

1996-01-01

A portable barrier strip having retractable tire-puncture means for puncturing a vehicle tire. The tire-puncture means, such as spikes, have an armed position for puncturing a tire and a retracted position for not puncturing a tire. The strip comprises a plurality of barrier blocks having the tire-puncture means removably disposed in a shaft that is rotatably disposed in each barrier block. The shaft removably and pivotally interconnects the plurality of barrier blocks. Actuation cables cause the shaft to rotate the tire-puncture means to the armed position for puncturing a vehicle tire and to the retracted position for not puncturing the tire. Each tire-puncture means is received in a hollow-bed portion of its respective barrier block when in the retracted position. The barrier strip rests stable in its deployed position and substantially motionless as a tire rolls thereon and over. The strip is rolled up for retrieval, portability, and storage purposes, and extended and unrolled in its deployed position for use.

Relevance of the Nuclear Quantum Effects on the Proton/Deuteron Transmission through Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene Monolayers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ekanayake, Niranji; Huang, Jingsong; Jakowski, Jacek

According to recent experiments, atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride and graphene are permeable to protons and deuterons (and not to other atomic species), and the experimental estimates of the activation energy are lower than the theoretical values by about 0.5 eV for the isolated proton-membrane transfer model. Our analysis of the electronic potential energy surfaces along the normal to the transmission direction, obtained using correlated electronic structure methods, suggests that the aqueous environment is essential to stabilize the proton { as opposed to the hydrogenatom { transmission. Therefore, the process is examined within a molecular model of H 2O {more » H(D) + { material { H 2O. Exact quantum-mechanical scattering calculations are performed to assess the relevance of the nuclear quantum eects, such as tunneling factors and the kinetic isotope eect (KIE). Deuteration is found to aect the thermal reaction rate constants (KIE of 3-4 for hexagonal boron nitride and 20-30 for the graphene) and to eectively lower the barriers to the proton transfer by 0.2 and 0.4 eV for the two membranes, respectively. This lowering eect is reduced for the deuteron by approximately a factor of three. A more comprehensive description of the proton transmission is likely to require an extended explicit aqueous environment.« less

Relevance of the Nuclear Quantum Effects on the Proton/Deuteron Transmission through Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene Monolayers

DOE PAGES

Ekanayake, Niranji; Huang, Jingsong; Jakowski, Jacek; ...

2017-10-02

According to recent experiments, atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride and graphene are permeable to protons and deuterons (and not to other atomic species), and the experimental estimates of the activation energy are lower than the theoretical values by about 0.5 eV for the isolated proton-membrane transfer model. Our analysis of the electronic potential energy surfaces along the normal to the transmission direction, obtained using correlated electronic structure methods, suggests that the aqueous environment is essential to stabilize the proton { as opposed to the hydrogenatom { transmission. Therefore, the process is examined within a molecular model of H 2O {more » H(D) + { material { H 2O. Exact quantum-mechanical scattering calculations are performed to assess the relevance of the nuclear quantum eects, such as tunneling factors and the kinetic isotope eect (KIE). Deuteration is found to aect the thermal reaction rate constants (KIE of 3-4 for hexagonal boron nitride and 20-30 for the graphene) and to eectively lower the barriers to the proton transfer by 0.2 and 0.4 eV for the two membranes, respectively. This lowering eect is reduced for the deuteron by approximately a factor of three. A more comprehensive description of the proton transmission is likely to require an extended explicit aqueous environment.« less

Bicycle-Friendly Shoulder Rumble Strips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-03-01

Shoulder rumble strips have proven to be an effective way to reduce run-off-the-road (ROR) crashes on urban and rural freeways. As the use of shoulder rumble strips is being extended to non-freeway facilities, bicyclists will encounter rumble strips ...

Anatomy Comic Strips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Jin Seo; Kim, Dae Hyun; Chung, Min Suk

2011-01-01

Comics are powerful visual messages that convey immediate visceral meaning in ways that conventional texts often cannot. This article's authors created comic strips to teach anatomy more interestingly and effectively. Four-frame comic strips were conceptualized from a set of anatomy-related humorous stories gathered from the authors' collective…

Water confinement in faujasite cages: a deuteron NMR investigation in a wide temperature range. 1. Low temperature spectra.

PubMed

Szymocha, A M; Birczyński, A; Lalowicz, Z T; Stoch, G; Krzystyniak, M; Góra-Marek, K

2014-07-24

Deuteron NMR spectra were measured for D2O confined in NaX, NaY, and DY faujasites with various D2O loadings at temperatures ranging from T = 70 K to T = 200 K with the aim to study the molecular mobility of confined water as a function of Si/Al ratio and loading. The recorded spectra were fitted with linear combinations of representative spectral components. At low loading, with the number of water molecules per unit cell close to the abundance of sodium cations, a component related to π-jumps of water deuterons about the 2-fold symmetry axis dominated. For loadings at levels 3 times and 5 times higher than the initial loading level, Pake dublets due to rigid water deuterons dominated the recorded spectra. A set of the quadrupole coupling constant values of localized water deuterons was derived from the analysis of the Pake dublets. Their values were attributed to deuteron positions corresponding to the locations at oxygen atoms in the faujasite framework and locations within hydrogen-bonded water clusters inside faujasite cages. The contributions of the different spectral components were observed to change with increasing temperature according to the Arrhenius law with a characteristic dynamic crossover point at T = 165 K. Below T = 165 K a spectral component was observed whose contribution changed with temperature, yielding the activation energy of about 2 kJ/mol, characteristic for jumps between inversion-related water positions in clusters.

Nucleon and deuteron scattering cross sections from 25 MV/Nucleon to 22.5 GeV/Nucleon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Townsend, L. W.; Wilson, J. W.; Bidasaria, H. B.

1983-01-01

Within the context of a double-folding optical potential approximation to the exact nucleus-nucleus multiple-scattering series, eikonal scattering theory is used to generate tables of nucleon and deuteron total and absorption cross sections at kinetic energies between 25 MeV/nucleon and 22.5 GeV/nucleon for use in cosmic-ray transport and shielding studies. Comparisons of predictions for nucleon-nucleus and deuteron-nucleus absorption and total cross sections with experimental data are also made.

Science Comic Strips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Dae Hyun; Jang, Hae Gwon; Shin, Dong Sun; Kim, Sun-Ja; Yoo, Chang Young; Chung, Min Suk

2012-01-01

Science comic strips entitled Dr. Scifun were planned to promote science jobs and studies among professionals (scientists, graduate and undergraduate students) and children. To this end, the authors collected intriguing science stories as the basis of scenarios, and drew four-cut comic strips, first on paper and subsequently as computer files.…

Study of secondary neutron interactions with ²³²Th, ¹²⁹I, and ¹²⁷I nuclei with the uranium assembly "QUINTA" at 2, 4, and 8 GeV deuteron beams of the JINR Nuclotron accelerator.

PubMed

Adam, J; Chilap, V V; Furman, V I; Kadykov, M G; Khushvaktov, J; Pronskikh, V S; Solnyshkin, A A; Stegailov, V I; Suchopar, M; Tsoupko-Sitnikov, V M; Tyutyunnikov, S I; Vrzalova, J; Wagner, V; Zavorka, L

2016-01-01

The natural uranium assembly, "QUINTA", was irradiated with 2, 4, and 8GeV deuterons. The (232)Th, (127)I, and (129)I samples have been exposed to secondary neutrons produced in the assembly at a 20-cm radial distance from the deuteron beam axis. The spectra of gamma rays emitted by the activated (232)Th, (127)I, and (129)I samples have been analyzed and several tens of product nuclei have been identified. For each of those products, neutron-induced reaction rates have been determined. The transmutation power for the (129)I samples is estimated. Experimental results were compared to those calculated with well-known stochastic and deterministic codes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Three-nucleon force contribution in the distorted-wave theory of (d ,p ) reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Timofeyuk, N. K.

2018-05-01

The distorted-wave theory of A (d ,p )B reactions, widely used to analyze experimental data, is based on a Hamiltonian that includes only two-nucleon interactions. However, numerous studies of few-nucleon systems and many modern developments in nuclear structure theory show the importance of the three-nucleon (3 N ) force. The purpose of this paper is to study the contribution of the 3 N force of the simplest possible form to the A (d ,p )B reaction amplitude. This contribution is given by a new term that accounts for the interaction of the neutron and proton in the incoming deuteron with one of the target nucleons. This term involves a new type of nuclear matrix elements containing an infinite number of target excitations in addition to the main part associated with the traditional overlap function between A and B . The nuclear matrix elements are calculated for double-closed shell targets within a mean field theory where target excitations are shown to be equivalent to exchanges between valence and core nucleons. These matrix elements can be readily incorporated into available reaction codes if the 3 N interaction has a spin-independent zero-range form. Distorted-wave calculations are presented for a contact 3 N force with the volume integral fixed by the chiral effective field theory at the next-to-next-to-leading order. For this particular choice, the 3 N contribution is noticeable, especially at high deuteron incident energies. No 3 N effects are seen for incident energies below the Coulomb barrier. The finite range can significantly affect the 3 N contribution to the (d ,p ) cross sections. Finite-range studies require new formal developments and, therefore, their contribution is preliminarily assessed within the plane-wave Born approximation, together with sensitivity to the choice of the deuteron model.

Modeled Neutron and Charged-Particle Induced Nuclear Reaction Cross Sections for Radiochemistry in the Region of Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, and Molybdenum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoffman, R D; Kelley, K; Dietrich, F S

2006-06-13

We have developed a set of modeled nuclear reaction cross sections for use in radiochemical diagnostics. Systematics for the input parameters required by the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model were developed and used to calculate neutron, proton, and deuteron induced nuclear reaction cross sections for targets ranging from strontium (Z = 38) to rhodium (Z = 45).

Retractable barrier strip

DOEpatents

Marts, D.J.; Barker, S.G.; McQueen, M.A.

1996-04-16

A portable barrier strip is described having retractable tire-puncture means for puncturing a vehicle tire. The tire-puncture means, such as spikes, have an armed position for puncturing a tire and a retracted position for not puncturing a tire. The strip comprises a plurality of barrier blocks having the tire-puncture means removably disposed in a shaft that is rotatably disposed in each barrier block. The shaft removably and pivotally interconnects the plurality of barrier blocks. Actuation cables cause the shaft to rotate the tire-puncture means to the armed position for puncturing a vehicle tire and to the retracted position for not puncturing the tire. Each tire-puncture means is received in a hollow-bed portion of its respective barrier block when in the retracted position. The barrier strip rests in its deployed position and substantially motionless as a tire rolls thereon and over. The strip is rolled up for retrieval, portability, and storage purposes, and extended and unrolled in its deployed position for use. 13 figs.

High-Energy Deuteron Measurement with the CAPRICE98 Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papini, P.; Piccardi, S.; Spillantini, P.; Vannuccini, E.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; De Marzo, C. N.; Bartalucci, S.; Ricci, M.; Bergström, D.; Carlson, P.; Francke, T.; Hansen, P.; Mocchiutti, E.; Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Schiavon, P.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Bravar, U.; Stochaj, S. J.; Casolino, M.; De Pascale, M. P.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Sparvoli, R.; Hof, M.; Kremer, J.; Menn, W.; Simon, M.; Mitchell, J. W.; Ormes, J. F.; Stephens, S. A.; Streitmatter, R. E.; Suffert, M.

2004-11-01

We report the first measurement of the deuterium abundance in cosmic rays above 10 GeV nucleon-1 of kinetic energy. The data were collected by the balloon-borne experiment CAPRICE98, which was flown on 1998 May 28-29 from Fort Sumner, New Mexico. The detector configuration included the NMSU-WiZard/CAPRICE superconducting magnet spectrometer equipped with a gas RICH detector, a silicon-tungsten calorimeter, and a time-of-flight system. By combining the information from the spectrometer and the RICH detector, it was possible to separate deuterons from protons in the kinetic energy range from 12 to 22 GeV nucleon-1. In order to estimate the proton background and the deuteron selection efficiency, we developed an empirical model for the response of the instrument, based on the data collected in this experiment. The analysis procedure is described in this paper, and the result on the absolute flux of deuterium is presented. We found that the deuterium abundance at high energy is consistent with the hypothesis that the propagation mechanism of light nuclei is the same as that of heavier secondary components.

Spin manipulating vector & tensor polarized deuterons stored in COSY

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morozov, V. S.; Krisch, A. D.; Leonova, M. A.; Raymond, R. S.; Sivers, D. W.; Wong, V. K.; Yonehara, K.; Gebel, R.; Lehrach, A.; Lorentz, B.; Maier, R.; Prasuhn, D.; Schnase, A.; Stockhorst, H.; Eversheim, D.; Hinterberger, F.; Rohdjess, H.; Ulbrich, K.

2006-04-01

We recently studied the spin manipulation of a simultaneously vector and tensor polarized deuteron beam stored at 1.85 GeV/c in the COSY Cooler Synchrotron. Using the EDDA detector, we first calibrated the vector and tensor analyzing powers, which were earlier unmeasured at 1.85 GeV/c; this allowed us to measure the absolute values of both the vector and tensor polarizations. Then we manipulated the deuteron's polarization by sweeping the frequency of a ferrite rf dipole through an rf-induced spin resonance. We first experimentally determined the resonance's frequency and then varied the rf dipole's frequency sweep range δf and frequency ramp time δt to maximize the spin-flip efficiency. We then obtained a measured vector spin-flip efficiency of 98.5 ± 0.3% [1]. We also studied, in detail, the behavior of the tensor polarization during spin manipulation; these new data may allow a better understanding of the interesting quantum behavior of spin-1 bosons. This research was supported by the German BMBF Science Ministry. [1] V.S. Morozov et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 061001 (2005).

Strip casting apparatus and method

DOEpatents

Williams, Robert S.; Baker, Donald F.

1988-01-01

Strip casting apparatus including a molten-metal-holding container and a nozzle to deposit molten metal onto a moving chill drum to directly cast continuous metallic strip. The nozzle body includes a slot bounded between a back and a front lip. The slot width exceeds about 20 times the gap distance between the nozzle and the chill drum surface. Preferably, the slot width exceeds 0.5 inch. This method of strip casting minimizes pressure drop, insuring better metal-to-chill-drum contact which promotes heat transfer and results in a better quality metallic strip.

Studies of $$\\Lambda n$$ interaction through polarization observables for final-state interactions in exclusive $$\\Lambda$$ photoproduction off the deuteron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ilieva, Yordanka; Cao, Tongtong; Zachariou, Nicholas

2016-06-01

Theoretical studies suggest that experimental observables for hyperon production reactions can place stringent constraints on the free parameters of hyperon-nucleon potentials, which are critical for the understanding of hypernuclear matter and neutron stars. Here we present preliminary experimental results for the polarization observables S, Py, Ox, Oz, Cx, and Cz for final-state interactions (FSI) in exclusive L photoproduction off the deuteron. The observables were obtained from data collected during the E06-103 (g13) experiment with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) in Hall B at Jefferson Lab. The g13 experiment ran with unpolarized deuteron target and circularly- and linearly-polarized photon beamsmore » with energies between 0.5 GeV and 2.5 GeV and collected about 51010 events with multiple charged particles in the final state. To select the reaction of interest, the K+ and the L decay products, a proton and a negative pion, were detected in the CLAS. The missing-mass technique was used to identify exclusive hyperon photoproduction events. Final-state interaction events were selected by requesting that the reconstructed neutron has a momentum larger than 200 MeV/c. The large statistics of E06-103 provided statistically meaningful FSI event samples, which allow for the extraction of one- and two-fold differential single- and double-polarization observables. Here we present preliminary results for a set of six observables for photon energies between 0.9 GeV and 2.3 GeV and for several kinematic variables in the Ln center-of-mass frame. Our results are the very first estimates of polarization observables for FSI in hyperon photoproduction and will be used to constrain the free parameters of hyperon-nucleon potentials.« less

Range gated strip proximity sensor

DOEpatents

McEwan, T.E.

1996-12-03

A range gated strip proximity sensor uses one set of sensor electronics and a distributed antenna or strip which extends along the perimeter to be sensed. A micro-power RF transmitter is coupled to the first end of the strip and transmits a sequence of RF pulses on the strip to produce a sensor field along the strip. A receiver is coupled to the second end of the strip, and generates a field reference signal in response to the sequence of pulse on the line combined with received electromagnetic energy from reflections in the field. The sensor signals comprise pulses of radio frequency signals having a duration of less than 10 nanoseconds, and a pulse repetition rate on the order of 1 to 10 MegaHertz or less. The duration of the radio frequency pulses is adjusted to control the range of the sensor. An RF detector feeds a filter capacitor in response to received pulses on the strip line to produce a field reference signal representing the average amplitude of the received pulses. When a received pulse is mixed with a received echo, the mixing causes a fluctuation in the amplitude of the field reference signal, providing a range-limited Doppler type signature of a field disturbance. 6 figs.

Range gated strip proximity sensor

DOEpatents

McEwan, Thomas E.

1996-01-01

A range gated strip proximity sensor uses one set of sensor electronics and a distributed antenna or strip which extends along the perimeter to be sensed. A micro-power RF transmitter is coupled to the first end of the strip and transmits a sequence of RF pulses on the strip to produce a sensor field along the strip. A receiver is coupled to the second end of the strip, and generates a field reference signal in response to the sequence of pulse on the line combined with received electromagnetic energy from reflections in the field. The sensor signals comprise pulses of radio frequency signals having a duration of less than 10 nanoseconds, and a pulse repetition rate on the order of 1 to 10 MegaHertz or less. The duration of the radio frequency pulses is adjusted to control the range of the sensor. An RF detector feeds a filter capacitor in response to received pulses on the strip line to produce a field reference signal representing the average amplitude of the received pulses. When a received pulse is mixed with a received echo, the mixing causes a fluctuation in the amplitude of the field reference signal, providing a range-limited Doppler type signature of a field disturbance.

Characteristics of laminates with delamination control strips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sun, C. T.; Goering, J. C.; Alper, J. M.; Gause, L. W.

1992-01-01

Tough resin is needed to resist delamination crack propagation. However, modulus often has to be compromised because it is difficult to retain both high modulus and toughness in a matrix material. A potential solution is to use a hybrid system in which tough resin strips are included within a conventional matrix composite. By adjusting the spacing of the tough resin strips, maximum delamination size can be controlled. Experimental results for impact damage and subsequent damage propagation in laminates containing tough resin strips are reported. Plain adhesive strips and fiber-reinforced tough resin composite strips were used in constructing the hybrid laminates. Test results indicated that size of delamination inflicted by impact was confined between the tough resin strips. As a result, significantly increased residual compressive strength was obtained. Impacted laminates containing tough resin strips were also fatigue tested. It was found that these strips reduced the growth of the impact damage area relative to the growth seen in coupons with no tough resin strips. Damage growth from an open hole under tension fatigue was evaluated using both tough resin strips and glass fiber reinforced tough resin strips. Unreinforced tough resin strips retarded delamination growth from the open hole, but did not stop matrix cracks growing in the fiber direction. Fiber reinforced tough resin strips did not contain axial delamination growth from the open hole. However, they did act as crack arresters, stopping the through-the-thickness tension crack originating from the hole.

Strip cutting in northern hardwoods

Treesearch

Richard M. Godman

1992-01-01

Interest in clearcutting young northern hardwood stands in strips is running high, especially now that mechanical fellers and skidders have been developed to harvest these stands. Strip cutting has several advantages-no overstory to worry about when treating the site, no overstory to remove later, and the economic advantage of cutting the strip only once.

Strip casting apparatus and method

DOEpatents

Williams, R.S.; Baker, D.F.

1988-09-20

Strip casting apparatus including a molten-metal-holding container and a nozzle to deposit molten metal onto a moving chill drum to directly cast continuous metallic strip. The nozzle body includes a slot bounded between a back and a front lip. The slot width exceeds about 20 times the gap distance between the nozzle and the chill drum surface. Preferably, the slot width exceeds 0.5 inch. This method of strip casting minimizes pressure drop, insuring better metal-to-chill-drum contact which promotes heat transfer and results in a better quality metallic strip. 6 figs.

Influence of laser frequency chirp on deuteron energy from laser-driven deuterated methane cluster expansion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, H. Y.; Liu, J. S.

2010-06-01

The simulations of three-dimensional particle dynamics are carried out to investigate the Coulomb explosion dynamics of deuterated methane clusters under the irradiation of an ultrashort intense laser pulse. The final kinetic energy of deuterons produced from the cluster explosion is calculated as a function of the pulse width, the laser intensity and the pulse chirp. It is found that the deuteron energy obtained in an intense laser pulse with negative chirp is higher than that with positive chirp, which agrees qualitatively with the experimental results reported by Fukuda et al. [Y. Fukuda et al., Phys. Rev. A 67, 061201 (2003)].

Final-state interactions in inclusive deep-inelastic scattering from the deuteron

DOE PAGES

Cosyn, Wim; Melnitchouk, Wally; Sargsian, Misak M.

2014-01-16

We explore the role of final-state interactions (FSI) in inclusive deep-inelastic scattering from the deuteron. Relating the inclusive cross section to the deuteron forward virtual Compton scattering amplitude, a general formula for the FSI contribution is derived in the generalized eikonal approximation, utilizing the diffractive nature of the effective hadron-nucleon interaction. The calculation uses a factorized model with a basis of three resonances with mass W~<2 GeV and a continuum contribution for larger W as the relevant set of effective hadron states entering the final-state interaction amplitude. The results show sizeable on-shell FSI contributions for Bjorken x ~> 0.6 andmore » Q 2 < 10 GeV 2 increasing in magnitude for lower Q 2, but vanishing in the high-Q 2 limit due to phase space constraints. The off-shell rescattering contributes at x ~> 0.8 and is taken as an uncertainty on the on-shell result.« less

Electric dipole moment of the deuteron in the standard model with NN - ΛN - ΣN coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamanaka, Nodoka

2017-07-01

We calculate the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the deuteron in the standard model with | ΔS | = 1 interactions by taking into account the NN - ΛN - ΣN channel coupling, which is an important nuclear level systematics. The two-body problem is solved with the Gaussian Expansion Method using the realistic Argonne v18 nuclear force and the YN potential which can reproduce the binding energies of Λ3H, Λ3He, and Λ4He. The | ΔS | = 1 interbaryon potential is modeled by the one-meson exchange process. It is found that the deuteron EDM is modified by less than 10%, and the main contribution to this deviation is due to the polarization of the hyperon-nucleon channels. The effect of the YN interaction is small, and treating ΛN and ΣN channels as free is a good approximation for the EDM of the deuteron.

Spin Transparency Mode in the NICA Collider with Solenoid Siberian Snakes for Proton and Deuteron Beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovalenko, A. D.; Butenko, A. V.; Mikhaylov, V. A.; Kondratenko, M. A.; Kondratenko, A. M.; Filatov, Yu N.

2017-12-01

Two solenoid Siberian Snakes are required to obtain ion polarization in spin transparency mode of the NICA collider. The snake solenoids with a total field integral of 2×50 T·m are placed into the straight sections of the NICA collider. It allows one to control polarization of protons and deuterons up to 13.5 GeV/c and 4 GeV/c respectively. The snakes introduce a strong betatron oscillation coupling. The calculations of orbital parameters of proton and deuteron beams in the NICA collider with solenoid Snakes are presented.

Stripping and splicing polyimide-coated fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duke, Douglas; Kanda, Yoshiharu; Tobita, Kenyo; Yamauchi, Ryozo

2011-05-01

Polyimide is often used as a coating material for optical fibers used in high temperature environments such as aerospace or oil and gas sensor applications. Unfortunately, polyimide coating is very difficult to strip by conventional mechanical stripping methods. The glass fiber is easily damaged if the stripping process is not extremely well controlled. Stripping the polyimide coating by heating with a flame or arc typically results in a significant reduction in fiber strength. Strength may be maintained by using hot acid stripping, however the use of the strong hot acid presents safety hazards and also requires controlled and safe waste disposal. Another issue with polyimide coating is variability of the coating diameter from various manufacturers or due to different polyimide coating processes. This not only complicates the polyimide stripping issue, but also presents problems with precise clamping and alignment during splicing, especially when it is necessary to splice with a short cleave length. In this paper, we present new polyimide coating stripping technology. The significant feature of this stripping technology is achievement of good strength while avoiding the use of hot acid or heating. We also developed a new specialty fiber fusion splicer that enables precise alignment and splicing regardless of the variability of polyimide coating diameter, even when clamping on the coating.

Evaluation of rumble strips.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

Rumble strips have been used for a number of years at locations where a physical stimulus was needed to alert a motorist to some hazard. However, little study has been done to determine the optimum spacings for the strips. Through testing existing Vi...

Spectroscopic Factors from the Single Neutron Transfer Reaction 111Cd(d,p)112Cd

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jamieson, D. S.; Garrett, P. E.; Demand, G. A.; Finlay, P.; Green, K. L.; Leach, K. G.; Phillips, A. A.; Svensson, C. E.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Triambak, S.; Wong, J.; Ball, G.; Faestermann, T.; Krücken, R.; Hertenberger, R.; Wirth, H.-F.

2013-03-01

The cadmium isotopes have been cited as excellent examples of vibrational nuclei for decades, with multi-phonon quadrupole, quadrupole-octupole, and mixed-symmetry states proposed. From a variety of experimental studies, a large amount of spectroscopic data has been obtained, recently focused on γ-ray studies. In the present work, the single-particle structure of 112Cd has been investigated using the 111Cd(ěcd, p)112Cd reaction. The investigation was carried out using a 22 MeV beam of polarized deuterons obtained from the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory at Garching, Germany. The reaction ejectiles were momentum analyzed using a Q3D spectrograph, and 115 levels have been identified up to 4.2 MeV of excitation energy. Spin-parity has been assigned to each analyzed level, and angular distributions for the reaction cross sections and analyzing powers were obtained. Many additional levels have been observed compared with the previous (d,p) study performed with 8 MeV deuterons,1 including strongly populated 5- and 6- states. The former was previously assigned as a member of the quadrupole-octupole quintuplet, based on a strongly enhanced B(E2) value to the 3- state, but is now re-assigned as being predominately s1/2 ⊗ h11/2 configuration.

The Dark Side of the Moebius Strip.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwarz, Gideon E.

1990-01-01

Discussed are various models proposed for the Moebius strip. Included are a discussion of a smooth flat model and two smooth flat algebraic models, some results concerning the shortest Moebius strip, the Moebius strip of least elastic energy, and some observations on real-world Moebius strips. (KR)

Transfer reactions induced by lithium ions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ogloblin, A.A.

The review deals with nuclear reactions induced by /sup 6/Li and /sup 7/ Li io ns having energies between 10 and 30 MeV. Due to the cluster structure of / sup 6/Li (/sup 6/Li= alpha +d) and /sup 7/Li (/sup 7/Li= alpha +t) and the low bindi ng energy of these nuclei, one of the clustcr is directly transferred in (/ sup 6/Li, d), (/sup 7/Li, t) (/sup 6/Li alpha ) and (/sup 7/Li, alpha ) reactions, i.e., the alpha p article, the deuteron, or the triton is directly transferred. Particular attention is paid to the (/sup 6/Li, d) andmore » (/sup 7/Li, t) reactions, in which the cluster-transfe r mechanism (alpha-particle transfer) appear in ita purest fomn. These reactions can be used to study the alpha- particle or quartet states of light nuclei, which are difficult or impossible to excite in any other way. The present state of the theory of multinucleon transfcr reactions is considered and the application of the theory to thc analysis of reactions induced by lithium atoms is discussed. (auth)« less

Roll Casting of Aluminum Alloy Clad Strip

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nakamura, R.; Tsuge, H.; Haga, T.

2011-01-17

Casting of aluminum alloy three layers of clad strip was tried using the two sets of twin roll casters, and effects of the casting parameters on the cladding conditions were investigated. One twin roll caster was mounted on the other twin roll caster. Base strip was 8079 aluminum alloy and overlay strips were 6022 aluminum alloy. Effects of roll-load of upper and lower casters and melt temperature of the lower caster were investigated. When the roll-load of the upper and lower caster was large enough, the overlay strip could be solidified and be connected. The overlay strip could be connectedmore » when the melt of the overlay strip cast by the lower caster was low enough. Sound three layers of clad strip could be cast by proper conditions.« less

Automated Laser Paint Stripping (ALPS) update

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lovoi, Paul

1993-03-01

To date, the DoD has played a major role in funding a number of paint stripping programs. Some technologies have proven less effective than contemplated. Others are still in the validation phase. Paint stripping is one of the hottest issues being addressed by the finishing industry since the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has mandated that chemical stripping using methylene chloride/phenolic type strippers be stopped. The DoD and commercial aircraft companies are hard-pressed to find an alternative. Automated laser paint stripping has been identified as a technique for removing coatings from aircraft surfaces. International Technical Associates (InTA) was awarded a Navy contract for an automated laser paint stripping system (ALPS) that will remove paint from metallic and composite substrates. For the program, which will validate laser paint stripping, InTA will design, build, test, and install a system for fighter-sized aircraft at both the Norfolk and North Island (San Diego) Aviation Depots.

Measurement of axial spin observables in the polarized deuteron-polarized proton breakup at 270MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whitaker, Thomas Jenkins

We report the measurement of "axial" spin observables in the dp breakup reaction at 270MeV. These measurements were made using a stored polarized "cooled" deuteron beam and a polarized internal hydrogen target at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF). Given our beam and target spin-alignment directions we were able to measure the axial spin observables Apz , Cy,x - Cx,y, and Czz,z. Axial spin observables are the subset of observables which are antisymmetric under the parity operation and are thus forbidden in reactions where the outgoing momenta are coplanar with the beam momentum. It has been argued that axial observables may be more sensitive to a three-body force than other spin observables. We compare our measurements to theoretical predictions based on the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential and the TM ' three-nucleon force, using a new method to correctly take into account the experimental constraints. The only previous measurement of Apz for pd breakup was carried out at 9MeV and yielded a result consistent with zero. In contrast, at Tp = 135 MeV, the present experiment reports a sizeable value for Apz , Cy,x - Cx,y, and Czz,z. To our knowledge, this is the first time axial correlation coefficients have been measured in a nuclear reaction. The expected sensitivity of axial observables to the three-nucleon force is not confirmed by our measurement.

Method for maintaining precise suction strip porosities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gallimore, Frank H. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

This invention relates to a masking method generally and, more particularly to a method of masking perforated titanium sheets having laminar control suction strips. As illustrated in the drawings, a nonaerodynamic surface of a perforated sheet has alternating suction strip areas and bonding land areas. Suction strip tapes overlie the bonding land areas during application of a masking material to an upper surface of the suction strip tapes. Prior to bonding the perforated sheet to a composite structure, the bonding land tapes are removed. The entire opposite aerodynamic surface is masked with tape before bonding. This invention provides a precise control of suction strip porosities by ensuring that no chemicals penetrate the suction strip areas during bonding.

Application of a SERS-based lateral flow immunoassay strip for the rapid and sensitive detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hwang, Joonki; Lee, Sangyeop; Choo, Jaebum

2016-06-01

A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) biosensor was developed to resolve problems associated with conventional LFA strips (e.g., limits in quantitative analysis and low sensitivity). In our SERS-based biosensor, Raman reporter-labeled hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) were used as SERS detection probes instead of gold nanoparticles. With the proposed SERS-based LFA strip, the presence of a target antigen can be identified through a colour change in the test zone. Furthermore, highly sensitive quantitative evaluation is possible by measuring SERS signals from the test zone. To verify the feasibility of the SERS-based LFA strip platform, an immunoassay of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was performed as a model reaction. The limit of detection (LOD) for SEB, as determined with the SERS-based LFA strip, was estimated to be 0.001 ng mL-1. This value is approximately three orders of magnitude more sensitive than that achieved with the corresponding ELISA-based method. The proposed SERS-based LFA strip sensor shows significant potential for the rapid and sensitive detection of target markers in a simplified manner.A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) biosensor was developed to resolve problems associated with conventional LFA strips (e.g., limits in quantitative analysis and low sensitivity). In our SERS-based biosensor, Raman reporter-labeled hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) were used as SERS detection probes instead of gold nanoparticles. With the proposed SERS-based LFA strip, the presence of a target antigen can be identified through a colour change in the test zone. Furthermore, highly sensitive quantitative evaluation is possible by measuring SERS signals from the test zone. To verify the feasibility of the SERS-based LFA strip platform, an immunoassay of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was performed as a model reaction. The limit of detection (LOD) for SEB, as

Maruhn-Greiner Maximum of Uranium Fission for Confirmation of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions LENR via a Compound Nucleus with Double Magic Numbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hora, H.; Miley, G. H.

2007-12-01

One of the most convincing facts about LENR due to deuterons of very high concentration in host metals as palladium is the measurement of the large scale minimum of the reaction probability depending on the nucleon number A of generated elements at A = 153 where a local maximum was measured. This is similar to the fission of uranium at A = 119 where the local maximum follows from the Maruhn-Greiner theory if the splitting nuclei are excited to about MeV energy. The LENR generated elements can be documented any time after the reaction by SIMS or K-shell X-ray excitation to show the very unique distribution with the local maximum. An explanation is based on the strong Debye screening of the Maxwellian deuterons within the degenerate rigid electron background especially within the swimming electron layer at the metal surface or at interfaces. The deuterons behave like neutrals at distances of about 2 picometers. They may form clusters due to soft attraction in the range above thermal energy. Clusters of 10 pm diameter may react over long time probabilities (megaseconds) with Pd nuclei leading to a double magic number compound nucleus which splits like in fission to the A = 153 element distribution.

Bird community response to filter strips in Maryland

USGS Publications Warehouse

Blank, P.J.; Dively, G.P.; Gill, D.E.; Rewa, C.A.

2011-01-01

Filter strips are strips of herbaceous vegetation planted along agricultural field margins adjacent to streams or wetlands and are designed to intercept sediment, nutrients, and agrichemicals. Roughly 16,000 ha of filter strips have been established in Maryland through the United States Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program. Filter strips often represent the only uncultivated herbaceous areas on farmland in Maryland and therefore may be important habitat for early-successional bird species. Most filter strips in Maryland are planted to either native warm-season grasses or cool-season grasses and range in width from 10.7 m to 91.4 m. From 2004 to 2007 we studied the breeding and wintering bird communities in filter strips adjacent to wooded edges and non-buffered field edges and the effect that grass type and width of filter strips had on bird community composition. We used 5 bird community metrics (total bird density, species richness, scrub-shrub bird density, grassland bird density, and total avian conservation value), species-specific densities, nest densities, and nest survival estimates to assess the habitat value of filter strips for birds. Breeding and wintering bird community metrics were greater in filter strips than in non-buffered field edges but did not differ between cool-season and warm-season grass filter strips. Most breeding bird community metrics were negatively related to the percent cover of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) in ???1 yr. Breeding bird density was greater in narrow (60 m) filter strips. Our results suggest that narrow filter strips adjacent to wooded edges can provide habitat for many bird species but that wide filter strips provide better habitat for grassland birds, particularly obligate grassland species. If bird conservation is an objective, avoid planting orchardgrass in filter strips and reduce or eliminate orchardgrass from filter strips through management practices. Copyright ?? 2011 The

A Strip Cell in Pyroelectric Devices

PubMed Central

Siao, An-Shen; Chao, Ching-Kong; Hsiao, Chun-Ching

2016-01-01

The pyroelectric effect affords the opportunity to convert temporal temperature fluctuations into usable electrical energy in order to develop abundantly available waste heat. A strip pyroelectric cell, used to enhance temperature variation rates by lateral temperature gradients and to reduce cell capacitance to further promote the induced voltage, is described as a means of improving pyroelectric energy transformation. A precision dicing saw was successfully applied in fabricating the pyroelectric cell with a strip form. The strip pyroelectric cell with a high-narrow cross section is able to greatly absorb thermal energy via the side walls of the strips, thereby inducing lateral temperature gradients and increasing temperature variation rates in a thicker pyroelectric cell. Both simulation and experimentation show that the strip pyroelectric cell improves the electrical outputs of pyroelectric cells and enhances the efficiency of pyroelectric harvesters. The strip-type pyroelectric cell has a larger temperature variation when compared to the trenched electrode and the original type, by about 1.9 and 2.4 times, respectively. The measured electrical output of the strip type demonstrates a conspicuous increase in stored energy as compared to the trenched electrode and the original type, by of about 15.6 and 19.8 times, respectively. PMID:26999134

Using Comic Strips in Language Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Csabay, Noémi

2006-01-01

The author believes that using comic strips in language-learning classes has three main benefits. First, comic strips motivate younger learners. Second, they provide a context and logically connected sentences to help language learning. Third, their visual information is helpful for comprehension. The author argues that comic strips can be used in…

Acceleration of deuterons with suppression of electronic conductance in a vacuum diode with a laser target on the anode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shikanov, A. E.; Vovchenko, E. D.; Kozlovskii, K. I.; Shatokhin, V. L.

2016-12-01

We report new experimental results on the acceleration of deuterons in a compact coaxial diode with the suppression of electronic conductance by a constant longitudinal magnetic field. Plasma containing deuterons is created on a laser TiD target located on the anode. The pulse of accelerating voltage is formed by means of the Arkad'ev-Marx generator. The cathode symmetrically surrounds the anode and comprises a hollow permanent ring magnet with an inner radius of no more than 0.02 m and an on-axis induction of up to 0.4 T, which provides the magnetic insulation of the accelerating gap. The experiments demonstrate the possibility of obtaining accelerated deuterons with energy of up to 300 keV and a current of up to 0.5 kA with a pulse duration of 0.2 μs.

Buffer strips in composites at elevated temperature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bigelow, C. A.

1983-01-01

The composite material 'buffer strip' concept is presently investigated at elevated temperatures for the case of graphite/polyimide buffer strip panels using a (45/0/45/90)2S layup, where the buffer strip material was 0-deg S-glass/polyimide. Each panel was loaded in tension until it failed, and radiographs and crack opening displacements were recorded during the tests to determine fracture onset, fracture arrest, and the extent of damage in the buffer strip after crack arrest. At 177 + or - 3 C, the buffer strips increased the panel strength by at least 40 percent in comparison with panels without buffer strips. Compared to similar panels tested at room temperature, those tested at elevated temperature had lower residual strengths, but higher failure strains.

Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis by identifying DNA from cerebrospinal fluid-impregnated filter paper strips.

PubMed

Peltola, Heikki; Roine, Irmeli; Leinonen, Maija; Kuisma, Leena; Mata, Antonio González; Arbo, Antonio; Goyo, José; Saukkoriipi, Annika

2010-02-01

Bacterial meningitis remains often etiologically unconfirmed, especially in resource-poor settings. We tested the potential of real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) from cerebrospinal fluid impregnated on filter paper strips. Pnc and Hib genome equivalents were blindly quantified by polymerase chain reaction from 129 liquid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples-the standard-and strips stored at room temperature for months. Genome counts were compared by simple regression. The strips showed a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 99% for Pnc, and of 70% and 100% for Hib, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 94% and 97% for Pnc, and 100% and 89% for Hib, respectively. For Pnc, the positive and negative likelihood ratio was 92 and 0.08, and the overall accuracy 98%, whereas for Hib they were 70 and 0.30, and 91%, respectively. Genome counting showed good correlation between the filter paper and liquid CSF samples, r(2) being 0.87 for Pnc and 0.68 for Hib (P < 0.0001 for both). Although not replacing bacterial culture, filter paper strips offer an easy way to collect and store CSF samples for later bacteriology. They can also be transported in standard envelops by regular mail.

Retractable barrier strip

DOEpatents

Marts, Donna J.; Barker, Stacey G.; Wowczuk, Andrew; Vellenoweth, Thomas E.

2002-01-01

A portable barrier strip having retractable tire-puncture spikes for puncturing a vehicle tire. The tire-puncture spikes have an armed position for puncturing a tire and a retracted position for not puncturing a tire. The strip comprises a plurality of barrier blocks having the tire-puncture spikes removably disposed in a shaft that is rotatably disposed in each barrier block. The plurality of barrier blocks hare hingedly interconnected by complementary hinges integrally formed into the side of each barrier block which allow the strip to be rolled for easy storage and retrieval, but which prevent irregular or back bending of the strip. The shafts of adjacent barrier blocks are pivotally interconnected via a double hinged universal joint to accommodate irregularities in a roadway surface and to transmit torsional motion of the shaft from block to block. A single flexshaft cable is connected to the shaft of an end block to allow a user to selectively cause the shafts of a plurality of adjacently connected barrier blocks to rotate the tire-puncture spikes to the armed position for puncturing a vehicle tire, and to the retracted position for not puncturing the tire. The flexshaft is provided with a resiliently biased retracting mechanism, and a release latch for allowing the spikes to be quickly retracted after the intended vehicle tire is punctured.

21 CFR 882.5900 - Preformed craniosynostosis strip.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... craniosynostosis strip. (a) Identification. A preformed craniosynostosis strip is a plastic strip used to cover bone edges of craniectomy sites (sites where the skull has been cut) to prevent the bone from regrowing...

21 CFR 882.5900 - Preformed craniosynostosis strip.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... craniosynostosis strip. (a) Identification. A preformed craniosynostosis strip is a plastic strip used to cover bone edges of craniectomy sites (sites where the skull has been cut) to prevent the bone from regrowing...

21 CFR 882.5900 - Preformed craniosynostosis strip.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... craniosynostosis strip. (a) Identification. A preformed craniosynostosis strip is a plastic strip used to cover bone edges of craniectomy sites (sites where the skull has been cut) to prevent the bone from regrowing...

21 CFR 882.5900 - Preformed craniosynostosis strip.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... craniosynostosis strip. (a) Identification. A preformed craniosynostosis strip is a plastic strip used to cover bone edges of craniectomy sites (sites where the skull has been cut) to prevent the bone from regrowing...

Intraply Hybrid Composites Would Contain Control Strips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chamis, Christos C.; Shiao, Chi-Yu

1996-01-01

"Smart" structural components with sensors and/or actuators distributed throughout their volumes made of intraply hybrid composite materials, according to proposal. Strips of hybrid control material interspersed with strips of ordinary (passive) composite material in some layers, providing distributed control capability. For example, near and far edges of plate bent upward by commanding bottom control strips to expand and simultaneously commanding upper control strips to contract.

Occultation Predictions Using CCD Strip-Scanning Astrometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunham, Edward W.; Ford, C. H.; Stone, R. P. S.; McDonald, S. W.; Olkin, C. B.; Elliot, J. L.; Witteborn, Fred C. (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

We are developing the method of CCD strip-scanning astrometry for the purpose of deriving reliable advance predictions for occultations involving small objects in the outer solar system. We are using a camera system based on a Ford/Loral 2Kx2K CCD with the Crossley telescope at Lick Observatory for this work. The columns of die CCD are aligned East-West, the telescope drive is stopped, and the CCD is clocked at the same rate that the stars drift across it. In this way we obtain arbitrary length strip images 20 arcmin wide with 0.58" pixels. Since planets move mainly in RA, it is possible to obtain images of the planet and star to be occulted on the same strip well before the occultation occurs. The strip-to-strip precision (i.e. reproducibility) of positions is limited by atmospheric image motion to about 0.1" rms per strip. However, for objects that are nearby in R.A., the image motion is highly correlated and their relative positions are good to 0.02" rms per strip. We will show that the effects of atmospheric image motion on a given strip can be removed if a sufficient number of strips of a given area have been obtained. Thus, it is possible to reach an rms precision of 0.02" per strip, corresponding to about 0.3 of Pluto or Triton's angular radius. The ultimate accuracy of a prediction based on strip-scanning astrometry is currently limited by the accuracy of the positions of the stars in the astrometric network used and by systematic errors most likely due to the optical system. We will show the results of . the prediction of some recent occultations as examples of the current capabilities and limitations of this technique.

Guidelines for the application of removeable rumble strips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-08-01

This work was initiated to assess the viability of removable rumble strips as replacements for asphalt rumble strips, particularly in short term highway work zones. The two rumble strips tested were the Orange Rumble Strip from Advanced Traffic Marki...

Efficient generation of fast neutrons by magnetized deuterons in an optimized deuterium gas-puff z-pinch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klir, D.; Shishlov, A. V.; Kokshenev, V. A.; Kubes, P.; Labetsky, A. Yu; Rezac, K.; Cherdizov, R. K.; Cikhardt, J.; Cikhardtova, B.; Dudkin, G. N.; Fursov, F. I.; Garapatsky, A. A.; Kovalchuk, B. M.; Kravarik, J.; Kurmaev, N. E.; Orcikova, H.; Padalko, V. N.; Ratakhin, N. A.; Sila, O.; Turek, K.; Varlachev, V. A.

2015-04-01

Z-pinch experiments with deuterium gas puffs have been carried out on the GIT-12 generator at 3 MA currents. Recently, a novel configuration of a deuterium gas-puff z-pinch was used to accelerate deuterons and to generate fast neutrons. In order to form a homogeneous, uniformly conducting layer at a large initial radius, an inner deuterium gas puff was surrounded by an outer hollow cylindrical plasma shell. The plasma shell consisting of hydrogen and carbon ions was formed at the diameter of 350 mm by 48 plasma guns. A linear mass of the plasma shell was about 5 µg cm-1 whereas a total linear mass of deuterium gas in single or double shell gas puffs was about 100 µg cm-1. The implosion lasted 700 ns and seemed to be stable up to a 5 mm radius. During stagnation, m = 0 instabilities became more pronounced. When a disruption of necks occurred, the plasma impedance reached 0.4 Ω and high energy (>2 MeV) bremsstrahlung radiation together with high energy deuterons were produced. Maximum neutron energies of 33 MeV were observed by axial time-of-flight detectors. The observed neutron spectra could be explained by a suprathermal distribution of deuterons with a high energy tail f≤ft({{E}\\text{d}}\\right)\\propto E\\text{d}-(1.8+/- 0.2) . Neutron yields reached 3.6 × 1012 at a 2.7 MA current. A high neutron production efficiency of 6 × 107 neutrons per one joule of plasma energy resulted from the generation of high energy deuterons and from their magnetization inside plasmas.

THE POLARIZATION OF NEUTRONS FROM THE STRIPPING OF DEUTERONS ON C$sup 1$$sup 2$

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Budzanowski, A.; Grotowski, K.; Niewodniczanski, H.

1961-01-01

The neutron polarization in the reaction C/sup 12/(d,n)N/sup 13/ at 12.9 Mev is measured as a function of the neutron emission angle. In addition, the neutron energy spectrum is measured at a fixed angle, in order to find the relative numbers of neutrons associated with various energy levels of N/sup 13/. The measured data are used to induce the properties of the N/sup 13/ energy levels studied. (T.F.H.)

Fixture for multiple-FCC chemical stripping and plating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Angele, W.; Norton, W. E.

1971-01-01

For chemical stripping, lead tape applied near ends to be stripped protects insulation. Taped ends are submerged half way in stripping solution. For electroplating, both ends of FCC are stripped - top ends for electric contact, others for submersion in electroplating solution.

A paper strip based non-invasive glucose biosensor for salivary analysis.

PubMed

Soni, Anuradha; Jha, Sandeep Kumar

2015-05-15

In our present study, we developed an optical biosensor for direct determination of salivary glucose by using immobilized glucose oxidase enzyme on filter paper strip (specific activity 1.4 U/strip) and then reacting it with synthetic glucose samples in presence of co-immobilized color pH indicator. The filter paper changed color based on concentration of glucose in reaction media and hence, by scanning this color change (using RGB profiling) through an office scanner and open source image processing software (GIMP) the concentration of glucose in the reaction medium could be deduced. Once the biosensor was standardized, the synthetic glucose sample was replaced with human saliva from donors. The individual's blood glucose level at the time of obtaining saliva was also measured using an Accuchek(™) active glucometer (Roche Inc.). In this preliminary study, a correlation of nearly 0.64 was found between glucose levels in saliva and blood of healthy individuals and in diabetic patients it was nearly in the order of 0.95, thereby validating the importance of salivary analysis. The RGB profiling method obtained a detection range of 9-1350 mg/dL glucose at a response time of 45 s and LOD of 22.2 mg/dL. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Studying 10Be and 11Be Halo States through the (p,d) Single-Neutron Transfer Reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuhn, Keri; Sarazin, Fred; Tigress Collaboration; ^{(Pcb) 2} Collaboration

2017-09-01

One-neutron transfer reactions are being used to study single-particle neutron states in nuclei. For one-neutron halo nuclei, such as 11Be, the (p,d) reaction enables the removal of the halo neutron or of one of the core neutrons. This way, it is possible to simultaneously study the halo wavefunction of the 11Be ground-state but also a possible excited halo state in 10Be. The 11Be(p, d)10Be transfer reaction at 10 MeV/nucleon is being investigated at the TRIUMF-ISAC II facility with the Printed Circuit Board Based Charged Particle ((PCB)2) array inside the TRIUMF ISAC Gamma-Ray Escape-Suppressed Spectrometer (TIGRESS). The ground state and first excited state of 10Be can be directly identified using deuteron identification and kinematics from the charged particle array, while the four excited states in 10Be around 6 MeV, including the suspected halo state (2- state), are identified using coincident gamma rays from TIGRESS with the identified deuterons. Angular distributions for the 10Be populated states will be shown along with their FRESCO fits. This work is partially supported by the US Department of Energy through Grant/Contract No. DE-FG03- 93ER40789 (Colorado School of Mines).

First results on the energy scan of the vector Ay and tensor Ayy and Axx analyzing powers in deuteron-proton elastic scattering at Nuclotron1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ladygin, V. P.; Averyanov, A. V.; Chernykh, E. V.; Enache, D.; Gurchin, Yu V.; Isupov, A. Yu; Janek, M.; Karachuk, J.-T.; Khrenov, A. N.; Krivenkov, D. O.; Kurilkin, P. K.; Ladygina, N. B.; Livanov, A. N.; Piyadin, S. M.; Reznikov, S. G.; Skhomenko, Ya T.; Terekhin, A. A.; Tishevsky, A. V.; Uesaka, T.

2017-12-01

New results on the vector Ay and tensor Ayy and Axx analyzing powers in deuteron-proton elastic scattering obtained at Nuclotron in the energy range 400-1800 MeV are presented. These data have been obtained in 2016-2017 at DSS setup at internal target station using polarized deuteron beam from new source of polarized ions. The preliminary data on the deuteron analyzing powers in in the wide energy range demonstrate the sensitivity to the short-range spin structure of the nucleon-nucleon correlations.

Design of portable rumble strips.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-12-01

"In 2003, the states involved in the Midwest Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative identified : portable rumble strips (i.e., rumble strips that require no adhesive or fasteners, making them : applicable for very short term work zones) as a high prio...

Reference Cross Sections for Charged-particle Monitor Reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hermanne, A.; Ignatyuk, A. V.; Capote, R.; Carlson, B. V.; Engle, J. W.; Kellett, M. A.; Kibédi, T.; Kim, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Hussain, M.; Lebeda, O.; Luca, A.; Nagai, Y.; Naik, H.; Nichols, A. L.; Nortier, F. M.; Suryanarayana, S. V.; Takács, S.; Tárkányi, F. T.; Verpelli, M.

2018-02-01

Evaluated cross sections of beam-monitor reactions are expected to become the de-facto standard for cross-section measurements that are performed over a very broad energy range in accelerators in order to produce particular radionuclides for industrial and medical applications. The requirements for such data need to be addressed in a timely manner, and therefore an IAEA coordinated research project was launched in December 2012 to establish or improve the nuclear data required to characterise charged-particle monitor reactions. An international team was assembled to recommend more accurate cross-section data over a wide range of targets and projectiles, undertaken in conjunction with a limited number of measurements and more extensive evaluations of the decay data of specific radionuclides. Least-square evaluations of monitor-reaction cross sections including uncertainty quantification have been undertaken for charged-particle beams of protons, deuterons, 3He- and 4He-particles. Recommended beam monitor reaction data with their uncertainties are available at the IAEA-NDS medical portal http://www-nds.iaea.org/medical/monitor_reactions.html.

Walk-through survey report: Control of methylene chloride in furniture stripping at jet strip, Boulder, Colorado, August 1, 1991

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hall, R.M.; Sheehy, J.W.

1992-12-01

A walk through survey was made of the furniture stripping process at Jet Strip (SIC-7641), Boulder, Colorado to examine the effectiveness of a unique, enclosed, automated furniture stripping spray system which featured a gasket sealed lid which was in place while furniture was being stripped. Stripping was performed continuously throughout the workday. The enclosed spray system tank was 6 feet wide, 10 feet long and 4.5 feet deep. Furniture to be stripped was placed on a metal grid hung from the top of the enclosed spray system. The rack was lowered into the tank and the lip dropped to formmore » the cover of the enclosed system. A hole in the lid was connected to a water bed mattress which lays on top of the lip. During the stripping process, vapors were emitted through the hole, causing the mattress to expand. At the completion of the stripping process the vapors slowly dissipated into the tank, leaving the mattress in its original form. A single personal sample collected during the stripping and rinsing operations showed a methylene-chloride concentration of 68 parts per million (ppm). If the rinse area were also controlled, the enclosed system could keep the concentration below the 25ppm level. The system was homemade and not commercially available. The authors conclude that the system, while apparently effective, was also expensive. It is not recommended for further study at this time.« less

Intermediate energy proton-deuteron elastic scattering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, J. W.

1973-01-01

A fully symmetrized multiple scattering series is considered for the description of proton-deuteron elastic scattering. An off-shell continuation of the experimentally known twobody amplitudes that retains the exchange symmeteries required for the calculation is presented. The one boson exchange terms of the two body amplitudes are evaluated exactly in this off-shell prescription. The first two terms of the multiple scattering series are calculated explicitly whereas multiple scattering effects are obtained as minimum variance estimates from the 146-MeV data of Postma and Wilson. The multiple scattering corrections indeed consist of low order partial waves as suggested by Sloan based on model studies with separable interactions. The Hamada-Johnston wave function is shown consistent with the data for internucleon distances greater than about 0.84 fm.

Wooded strips in Iowa

Treesearch

A.L. Hartong; K.E. Moessner

1956-01-01

The recent Forest Survey of Iowa reported as forest land only those areas larger than 1 acre in size and more than 120 feet wide. In farming states like Iowa, however, such small patches and narrow strips of wooded land take on greater significance than in more heavily forested states. Reasons for this are that small woodlands, especially in the form of narrow strips,...

Deuteron Compton scattering below pion photoproduction threshold

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levchuk, M. I.; L'vov, A. I.

2000-07-01

Deuteron Compton scattering below pion photoproduction threshold is considered in the framework of the nonrelativistic diagrammatic approach with the Bonn OBE potential. A complete gauge-invariant set of diagrams is taken into account which includes resonance diagrams without and with NN-rescattering and diagrams with one- and two-body seagulls. The seagull operators are analyzed in detail, and their relations with free- and bound-nucleon polarizabilities are discussed. It is found that both dipole and higher-order polarizabilities of the nucleon are required for a quantitative description of recent experimental data. An estimate of the isospin-averaged dipole electromagnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon and the polarizabilities of the neutron is obtained from the data.

Comparison of fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients for deuterons, tritons and helions.

PubMed

Copeland, Kyle; Friedberg, Wallace; Sato, Tatsuhiko; Niita, Koji

2012-02-01

Secondary radiation in aircraft and spacecraft includes deuterons, tritons and helions. Two sets of fluence-to-effective dose conversion coefficients for isotropic exposure to these particles were compared: one used the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) radiation transport code coupled with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference phantoms (PHITS-ICRP) and the other the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) radiation transport code coupled with modified BodyBuilder™ phantoms (MCNPX-BB). Also, two sets of fluence-to-effective dose equivalent conversion coefficients calculated using the PHITS-ICRP combination were compared: one used quality factors based on linear energy transfer; the other used quality factors based on lineal energy (y). Finally, PHITS-ICRP effective dose coefficients were compared with PHITS-ICRP effective dose equivalent coefficients. The PHITS-ICRP and MCNPX-BB effective dose coefficients were similar, except at high energies, where MCNPX-BB coefficients were higher. For helions, at most energies effective dose coefficients were much greater than effective dose equivalent coefficients. For deuterons and tritons, coefficients were similar when their radiation weighting factor was set to 2.

Aeroelastic deformation of a perforated strip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guttag, M.; Karimi, H. H.; Falcón, C.; Reis, P. M.

2018-01-01

We perform a combined experimental and numerical investigation into the static deformation of perforated elastic strips under uniform aerodynamic loading at high-Reynolds-number conditions. The static shape of the porous strips, clamped either horizontally or vertically, is quantified as they are deformed by wind loading, induced by a horizontal flow. The experimental profiles are compared to numerical simulations using a reduced model that takes into account the normal drag force on the deformed surface. For both configurations (vertical and horizontal clamping), we compute the drag coefficient of the strip, by fitting the experimental data to the model, and find that it decreases as a function of porosity. Surprisingly, we find that, for every value of porosity, the drag coefficients for the horizontal configuration are larger than those of the vertical configuration. For all data in both configurations, with the exception of the continuous strip clamped vertically, a linear relation is found between the porosity and drag. Making use of this linearity, we can rescale the drag coefficient in a way that it becomes constant as a function of the Cauchy number, which relates the force due to fluid loading on the elastic strip to its bending rigidity, independently of the material properties and porosity of the strip and the flow speed. Our findings on flexible strips are contrasted to previous work on rigid perforated plates. These results highlight some open questions regarding the usage of reduced models to describe the deformation of flexible structures subjected to aerodynamic loading.

Quantifiable Lateral Flow Assay Test Strips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

As easy to read as a home pregnancy test, three Quantifiable Lateral Flow Assay (QLFA) strips used to test water for E. coli show different results. The brightly glowing control line on the far right of each strip indicates that all three tests ran successfully. But the glowing test line on the middle left and bottom strips reveal their samples were contaminated with E. coli bacteria at two different concentrations. The color intensity correlates with concentration of contamination.

Antenna with distributed strip and integrated electronic components

DOEpatents

Rodenbeck, Christopher T [Albuquerque, NM; Payne, Jason A [Albuquerque, NM; Ottesen, Cory W [Albuquerque, NM

2008-08-05

An antenna comprises electrical conductors arranged to form a radiating element including a folded line configuration and a distributed strip configuration, where the radiating element can be in proximity to a ground conductor and/or arranged as a dipole. Embodiments of the antenna include conductor patterns formed on a printed wiring board, having a ground plane, spacedly adjacent to and coplanar with the radiating element. An antenna can comprise a distributed strip patterned on a printed wiring board, integrated with electronic components mounted on top of or below the distributed strip, and substantially within the extents of the distributed strip. Mounting of electronic components on top of or below the distributed strip has little effect on the performance of the antenna, and allows for realizing the combination of the antenna and integrated components in a compact form. An embodiment of the invention comprises an antenna including a distributed strip, integrated with a battery mounted on the distributed strip.

Neutron production cross sections for (d,n) reactions at 55 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wakasa, T.; Goto, S.; Matsuno, M.; Mitsumoto, S.; Okada, T.; Oshiro, H.; Sakaguchi, S.

2017-08-01

The cross sections for (d,n) reactions on {}^natC-{}^{197}Au have been measured at a bombarding energy of 55 MeV and a laboratory scattering angle of θ_lab = 9.5°. The angular distributions for the {}^natC(d,n) reaction have also been obtained at θ_lab = 0°-40°. The neutron energy spectra are dominated by deuteron breakup contributions and their peak positions can be reasonably reproduced by considering the Coulomb force effects. The data are compared with the TENDL-2015 nuclear data and Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) calculations. Both calculations fail to reproduce the measured energy spectra and angular distributions.

Damage tolerance of woven graphite-epoxy buffer strip panels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kennedy, John M.

1990-01-01

Graphite-epoxy panels with S glass buffer strips were tested in tension and shear to measure their residual strengths with crack-like damage. The buffer strips were regularly spaced narrow strips of continuous S glass. Panels were made with a uniweave graphite cloth where the S glass buffer material was woven directly into the cloth. Panels were made with different width and thickness buffer strips. The panels were loaded to failure while remote strain, strain at the end of the slit, and crack opening displacement were monitoring. The notched region and nearby buffer strips were radiographed periodically to reveal crack growth and damage. Except for panels with short slits, the buffer strips arrested the propagating crack. The strength (or failing strain) of the panels was significantly higher than the strength of all-graphite panels with the same length slit. Panels with wide, thick buffer strips were stronger than panels with thin, narrow buffer strips. A shear-lag model predicted the failing strength of tension panels with wide buffer strips accurately, but over-estimated the strength of the shear panels and the tension panels with narrow buffer strips.

An assessment of buffer strips for improving damage tolerance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Poe, C. C., Jr.; Kennedy, J. M.

1981-01-01

Graphite/epoxy panels with buffer strips were tested in tension to measure their residual strength with crack-like damage. Panels were made with 45/0/-45/90(2S) and 45/0/450(2S) layups. The buffer strips were parallel to the loading directions. They were made by replacing narrow strips of the 0 deg graphite plies with strips of either 0 deg S-Glass/epoxy or Kevlar-49/epoxy on either a one for one or a two for one basis. In a third case, O deg graphite/epoxy was used as the buffer material and thin, perforated Mylar strips were placed between the 0 deg piles and the cross-plies to weaken the interfaces and thus to isolate the 0 deg plies. Some panels were made with buffer strips of different widths and spacings. The buffer strips arrested the cracks and increased the residual strengths significantly over those plain laminates without buffer strips. A shear-lag type stress analysis correctly predicted the effects of layups, buffer material, buffer strip width and spacing, and the number of plies of buffer material.

Stripping without a stripper.

PubMed

Singh, D R; Shrestha, S K; Shretha, S K

2004-01-01

Varicose veins afflict some 10 to 20% of the population in the west. It is believed to be less prevalent in the developing nations. Though there are absolute indications of surgery for varicose veins, people in Nepal come for treatment of the varicose veins either to join the army or to work abroad. Not all hospitals in Nepal are equipped with a vein stripper. In KMCTH, we studied 29 patients who had their long Saphenous veins stripped either with a stripper or by tunnelling around the Saphenous vein. We found that the long Saphenous vein could be stripped via the tunnelling method with an additional incision above the knee joint which is cosmetically accepted by our patients Moreover the patients were much satisfied because of minimal or no bruises in the post operative period as compared to those who had the long Saphenous vein stripped with a stripper.

Nuclear Reactions in Micro/Nano-Scale Metal Particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Y. E.

2013-03-01

Low-energy nuclear reactions in micro/nano-scale metal particles are described based on the theory of Bose-Einstein condensation nuclear fusion (BECNF). The BECNF theory is based on a single basic assumption capable of explaining the observed LENR phenomena; deuterons in metals undergo Bose-Einstein condensation. The BECNF theory is also a quantitative predictive physical theory. Experimental tests of the basic assumption and theoretical predictions are proposed. Potential application to energy generation by ignition at low temperatures is described. Generalized theory of BECNF is used to carry out theoretical analyses of recently reported experimental results for hydrogen-nickel system.

PROBLEMS OF THE OPTICAL MODEL FOR DEUTERONS. I. PARAMETERS OF THE OPTICAL POTENTIAL (in Polish)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grotowski, K.

1963-01-01

S>Problems concerning the optical model are discussed. Some special properties of deuterons as projectiles influence the optical model describing their interaction with nuclei. Several experiments were performed to obtain parameters of the optical model potential. (auth)

Analysis of a hybrid, unidirectional buffer strip laminate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dharani, L. R.; Goree, J. G.

1983-01-01

A method of analysis capable of predicting accurately the fracture behavior of a unidirectional composite laminate containing symmetrically placed buffer strips is presented. As an example, for a damaged graphite/epoxy laminate, the results demonstrate the manner in which to select the most efficient combination of buffer strip properties necessary to inhibit crack growth. Ultimate failure of the laminate after crack arrest can occur under increasing load either by continued crack extension through the buffer strips or the crack can jump the buffer strips. For some typical hybrid materials it is found that a buffer strip spacing-to-width ratio of about four to one is the most efficient.

Analysis of a hybrid-undirectional buffer strip laminate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dharani, L. R.; Goree, J. G.

1983-01-01

A method of analysis capable of predicting accurately the fracture behavior of a unidirectional composite laminate containing symmetrically placed buffer strips is presented. As an example, for a damaged graphite/epoxy laminate, the results demonstrate the manner in which to select the most efficient combination of buffer strip properties necessary to inhibit crack growth. Ultimate failure of the laminate after the arrest can occur under increasing load either by continued crack extension through the buffer strips or the crack can jump the buffer strips. For some typical hybrid materials it is found that a buffer strip spacing to width ratio of about four to one is the most efficient.

Safety evaluation of centerline rumble strips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-11-10

A study of centerline rumble strips was undertaken as part of the Massachusetts Highway Department Research Program. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of centerline rumble strips in reducing crossover crashes and improv...

Chemical (knight) shift distortions of quadrupole-split deuteron powder spectra in solids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torgeson, D. R.; Schoenberger, R. J.; Barnes, R. G.

In strong magnetic fields (e.g., 8 Tesla) anisotropy of the shift tensor (chemical or Knight shift) can alter the spacings of the features of quadrupole-split deuteron spectra of polycrystalline samples. Analysis of powder spectra yields both correct quadrupole coupling and symmetry parameters and all the components of the shift tensor. Synthetic and experimental examples are given to illustrate such behavior.

The {sup 18}O(d,p){sup 19}O reaction and the ANC method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burjan, V.; Hons, Z.; Kroha, V.

2014-05-09

The neutron capture rate {sup 18}O(n,γ){sup 19}O is important for analysis of nucleosynthesis in inhomogeneous Big Bang models and also for models of processes in massive red giant stars and AGB stars. Angular distributions of the {sup 18}O(d,p){sup 19}O reaction were measured at a deuteron energy of 16.3 MeV in NPI in Řež, Czech Republic, with the aim to determine Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients which can then be used for indirect determination of the direct contribution to the {sup 18}O(n,γ){sup 19}O process. In the experiment, the gas target with {sup 18}O isotope of high purity 99.9 % was used thus eliminatingmore » any contaminating reactions. Reaction products were measured by the set of 8 ΔE-E telescopes consisting of thin and thick silicon surface-barrier detectors. Angular distributions of proton transfers corresponding to 6 levels of {sup 19}O up to the 4.1093 MeV excitation energy were determined. The analysis of angular distributions in the angular range from 6 to 64 degree including also the angular distribution of elastically scattered deuterons was carried out by means of ECIS and DWUCK codes. From the determined ANCs the direct contribution to the radiative capture {sup 18}O(n,γ){sup 19}O was deduced and compared with existing direct measurements.« less

Synthesis of Shoulder Rumble Strip Practices and Policies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-12-07

This synthesis provides a review of shoulder rumble strip research and the rumble strips' crash reduction record. A discussion of shoulder rumble strips as perceived by the motorist and the bicyclist is followed by the presentation of results of thre...

How to Reach a Thousand-Second in-Plane Polarization Lifetime with 0.97 - GeV / c Deuterons in a Storage Ring

DOE PAGES

Guidoboni, G.; Stephenson, E.; Andrianov, S.; ...

2016-07-28

Here, we observe a deuteron beam polarization lifetime near 1000 s in the horizontal plane of a magnetic storage ring (COSY). This long spin coherence time is maintained through a combination of beam bunching, electron cooling, sextupole field corrections, and the suppression of collective effects through beam current limits. This record lifetime is required for a storage ring search for an intrinsic electric dipole moment on the deuteron at a statistical sensitivity level approaching 10 -29 $e$ cm.

Bimetallic strip for low temperature use

DOEpatents

Bussiere, Jean F.; Welch, David O.; Suenaga, Masaki

1981-01-01

There is provided a class of mechanically pre-stressed structures, suitably bi-layer strips comprising a layer of group 5 transition metals in intimate contact with a layer of an intermetallic compound of said transition metals with certain group 3A, 4A or 5A metals or metalloids suitably gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, tin, arsenic or antimony. The changes of Young's modulus of these bi-layered combinations at temperatures in the region of but somewhat above absolute zero provides a useful means of sensing temperature changes. Such bi-metallic strips may be used as control strips in thermostats, in direct dial reading instruments, or the like. The structures are made by preparing a sandwich of a group 5B transition metal strip between the substantially thicker strips of an alloy between copper and a predetermined group 3A, 4A or 5A metal or metalloid, holding the three layers of the sandwich in intimate contact heating the same, cooling the same and removing the copper alloy and then removing one of the two thus formed interlayer alloys between said transition metal and the metal previously alloyed with copper.

Low-Cost Label-Free Biosensing Bimetallic Cellulose Strip with SILAR-Synthesized Silver Core-Gold Shell Nanoparticle Structures.

PubMed

Kim, Wansun; Lee, Jae-Chul; Lee, Gi-Ja; Park, Hun-Kuk; Lee, Anbok; Choi, Samjin

2017-06-20

We introduce a label-free biosensing cellulose strip sensor with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-encoded bimetallic core@shell nanoparticles. Bimetallic nanoparticles consisting of a synthesis of core Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) and a synthesis of shell gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were fabricated on a cellulose substrate by two-stage successive ionic layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) techniques. The bimetallic nanoparticle-enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects were theoretically verified by computational calculations with finite element models of optimized bimetallic nanoparticles interacting with an incident laser source. Well-dispersed raspberry-like bimetallic nanoparticles with highly polycrystalline structure were confirmed through X-ray and electron analyses despite ionic reaction synthesis. The stability against silver oxidation and high sensitivity with superior SERS enhancement factor (EF) of the low-cost SERS-encoded cellulose strip, which achieved 3.98 × 10 8 SERS-EF, 6.1%-RSD reproducibility, and <10%-degraded sustainability, implicated the possibility of practical applications in high analytical screening methods, such as single-molecule detection. The remarkable sensitivity and selectivity of this bimetallic biosensing strip in determining aquatic toxicities for prohibited drugs, such as aniline, sodium azide, and malachite green, as well as monitoring the breast cancer progression for urine, confirmed its potential as a low-cost label-free point-of-care test chip for the early diagnosis of human diseases.

Recent progress in ab-initio studies of nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest with A ≤ 3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marcucci, Laura E.

2018-03-01

We review the most recent theoretical studies of nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest involving few-nucleon systems. In particular, we focus on the consequences for the solar neutrino fluxes of the recent determination for the astrophysical S-factor of the proton weak capture by proton, and on the radiative capture of protons by deuterons in the energy range of interest for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.

CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF GROUNDWATER STRIPPING EMISSIONS

EPA Science Inventory

The paper reviews the applicability of catalytic oxidation to control ground-water air stripping gaseous effluents, with special attention to system designs and case histories. The variety of contaminants and catalyst poisons encountered in stripping operations are also reviewed....

High-energy γ rays resulting from low-energy nuclear reactions in light nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rose, Paul B.; Erickson, Anna S.

2018-06-01

Products resulting from 3.02 MeV deuterons incident on a natural boron target have been investigated by way of γ -ray spectroscopy and activation analysis. This study uses observed γ rays and cascades to deduce the populated states from the reaction products. Die-away measurements are included to investigate the built-up activation from the target and compared with tabulated half-lives to further understand the plethora of reactions taking place. Many of the observed γ rays, such as 15.1 MeV, result from the formation of excited states of 12C, while others are secondary and tertiary processes from α breakup resulting in 8Be.

Recent Progresses in Ab-Initio Studies of Low-Energy Few-Nucleon Reactions of Astrophysical Interest

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marcucci, Laura E.

2017-03-01

We review the most recent theoretical studies of nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest involving few-nucleon systems. In particular, we focus on the radiative capture of protons by deuterons in the energy range of interest for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Related to this, we will discuss also the most recent calculation of tritium β -decay. Two frameworks will be considered, the conventional and the chiral effective field theory approach.

Is the SDSS ZZ Ceti instability strip really pure?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Souza Oliveira, Kepler

2006-08-01

We propose to obtain SNR > 60 optical spectra of the DA white dwarf stars for which the Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra indicated temperatures inside de ZZ Ceti instability strip, but time series photometry show they are not variables. The Sloan spectra have insufficient SNR, specially below 4000A, where there are hydrogen lines whose strength can be used to measure surface gravity accurately. Theoretically and observationally, the location of the instability strip depends both on temperature and mass. To use the properties derived from the pulsating stars as applying to all white dwarf stars, and their progenitors, we must demonstrate pulsation is a normal evolutionary state. As the instability strip is only 1200K wide, accurate temperatures and log g must be obtained and therefore the spectra must include the log g sensitive lines Hgamma to H9. White dwarf stars, the objects of this proposal, are the end point of evolution of around 97% of all stars born. As they cool, they pass through instability strips, where they are seen as multi-periodic pulsators. Each pulsation is an independent measurement, placing another constraint on the stellar properties. Pulsations allow the determination of the stellar compositional layers, including the core, crucial to understand the progenitor's evolution, from AGB to planetary nebulae nuclei, "born again" phase, and their possible evolution to SNIa through accretion. As white dwarf progenitors lose at least half of their masses before turning into white dwarfs, they contribute to the interstellar medium enrichment, and measuring their structure in detail will allow us to decode nuclear reaction rates and convection, which determine their evolution. Pulsating white dwarf stars are also laboratories for physics at high densities as crystallization, neutrino cooling, and axion emission. White dwarf cooling, also measured through pulsations, allows an independent measurement of the age of the galactic components and was the first

Transfusion and blood donation in comic strips.

PubMed

Lefrère, Jean-Jacques; Danic, Bruno

2013-07-01

The representation of blood transfusion and donation of blood in the comic strip has never been studied. The comic strip, which is a relatively recent art, emerged in the 19th century before becoming a mass medium during the 20th century. We have sought, by calling on collectors and using the resources of Internet, comic strips devoted, wholly or in part, to the themes of transfusion and blood donation. We present some of them here in chronologic order, indicating the title, country of origin, year of publication, and names of authors. The theme of the superhero using transfusion to transmit his virtues or his powers is repeated throughout the 20th century in North American comic strips. More recently, comic strips have been conceived from the outset with a promotional aim. They perpetuate positive images and are directed toward a young readership, wielding humor to reduce the fear of venipuncture. Few comic strips denounce the abuse of the commercialization of products derived from the human body. The image of transfusion and blood donation given by the comic strips is not to be underestimated because their readership is primarily children, some of whom will become blood donors. Furthermore, if some readers are transfused during their lives, the impact of a memory more or less conscious of these childhood readings may resurface, both in hopes and in fears. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Colloidal gold-McAb probe-based rapid immunoassay strip for simultaneous detection of fumonisins in maize.

PubMed

Yao, Jingjing; Sun, Yaning; Li, Qingmei; Wang, Fangyu; Teng, Man; Yang, Yanyan; Deng, Ruiguang; Hu, Xiaofei

2017-05-01

Fumonisins are a kind of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin. A rapid immunochromatographic test strip has been developed for simultaneous detection of fumonisin B 1 , B 2 and B 3 (FB 1 , FB 2 and FB 3 ) in maize based on colloidal gold-labelled monoclonal antibody (McAb) against FB 1 probe. The anti-FB 1 McAb (2E11-H3) was produced through immunisation and cell fusion, and identified as high affinity, specificity and sensitivity. The cross-reaction ratios with fumonisin B 2 and B 3 were accordingly 385% and 72.4%, while none with other analogues. The colloid gold-labelled anti-FB 1 McAb probe was successfully prepared and used for establishing the immunochromatographic strip. The test strip showed high sensitivity and specificity, the IC 50 for FB 1 was 58.08 ng mL -1 , LOD was 11.24 ng mL -1 , calculated from standard curve. Moreover, the test strip exhibited high cross-reactivity with FB 2 and FB 3 , and could be applied to the simultaneous detection of FBs (FB 1 :FB 2 :FB 3 = 12:4:1) in maize sample with high accuracy and precision. The average recoveries of FBs in maize ranged from 90.42% to 95.29%, and CVs were 1.25-3.77%. The results of the test strip for FBs samples showed good correlation with high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The immunochromatographic test strip could be employed in the rapid simultaneous detection of FB 1 , FB 2 and FB 3 in maize samples on-site. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

SNaPshot and StripAssay as Valuable Alternatives to Direct Sequencing for KRAS Mutation Detection in Colon Cancer Routine Diagnostics

PubMed Central

Fariña Sarasqueta, Arantza; Moerland, Elna; de Bruyne, Hanneke; de Graaf, Henk; Vrancken, Tamara; van Lijnschoten, Gesina; van den Brule, Adriaan J.C.

2011-01-01

Although direct sequencing is the gold standard for KRAS mutation detection in routine diagnostics, it remains laborious, time consuming, and not very sensitive. Our objective was to evaluate SNaPshot and the KRAS StripAssay as alternatives to sequencing for KRAS mutation detection in daily practice. KRAS exon 2–specific PCR followed by sequencing or by a SNaPshot reaction was performed. For the StripAssay, a mutant-enriched PCR was followed by hybridization to KRAS-specific probes bound to a nitrocellulose strip. To test sensitivities, dilution series of mutated DNA in wild-type DNA were made. Additionally, direct sequencing and SNaPshot were evaluated in 296 colon cancer samples. Detection limits of direct sequencing, SNaPshot, and StripAssay were 20%, 10%, and 1% tumor cells, respectively. Direct sequencing and SNaPshot can detect all 12 mutations in KRAS codons 12 and 13, whereas the StripAssay detects 10 of the most frequent ones. Workload and time to results are comparable for SNaPshot and direct sequencing. SNaPshot is flexible and easy to multiplex. The StripAssay is less time consuming for daily laboratory practice. SNaPshot is more flexible and slightly more sensitive than direct sequencing. The clinical evaluation showed comparable performances between direct sequencing and SNaPshot. The StripAssay is rapid and an extremely sensitive assay that could be considered when few tumor cells are available. However, found mutants should be confirmed to avoid risk of false positives. PMID:21354055

Transfer reaction code with nonlocal interactions

DOE PAGES

Titus, L. J.; Ross, A.; Nunes, F. M.

2016-07-14

We present a suite of codes (NLAT for nonlocal adiabatic transfer) to calculate the transfer cross section for single-nucleon transfer reactions, (d,N)(d,N) or (N,d)(N,d), including nonlocal nucleon–target interactions, within the adiabatic distorted wave approximation. For this purpose, we implement an iterative method for solving the second order nonlocal differential equation, for both scattering and bound states. The final observables that can be obtained with NLAT are differential angular distributions for the cross sections of A(d,N)BA(d,N)B or B(N,d)AB(N,d)A. Details on the implementation of the TT-matrix to obtain the final cross sections within the adiabatic distorted wave approximation method are also provided.more » This code is suitable to be applied for deuteron induced reactions in the range of View the MathML sourceEd=10–70MeV, and provides cross sections with 4% accuracy.« less

ERTS-1 data applied to strip mining

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, A. T.; Schubert, J.

1976-01-01

Two coal basins within the western region of the Potomac River Basin contain the largest strip-mining operations in western Maryland and West Virginia. The disturbed strip-mine areas were delineated along with the surrounding geological and vegetation features by using ERTS-1 data in both analog and digital form. The two digital systems employed were (1) the ERTS analysis system, a point-by-point digital analysis of spectral signatures based on known spectral values and (2) the LARS automatic data processing system. These two systems aided in efforts to determine the extent and state of strip mining in this region. Aircraft data, ground-verification information, and geological field studies also aided in the application of ERTS-1 imagery to perform an integrated analysis that assessed the adverse effects of strip mining. The results indicated that ERTS can both monitor and map the extent of strip mining to determine immediately the acreage affected and to indicate where future reclamation and revegetation may be necessary.

Method of stripping metals from organic solvents

DOEpatents

Todd, Terry A [Aberdeen, ID; Law, Jack D [Pocatello, ID; Herbst, R Scott [Idaho Falls, ID; Romanovskiy, Valeriy N [St. Petersburg, RU; Smirnov, Igor V [St.-Petersburg, RU; Babain, Vasily A [St-Petersburg, RU; Esimantovski, Vyatcheslav M [St-Petersburg, RU

2009-02-24

A new method to strip metals from organic solvents in a manner that allows for the recycle of the stripping agent. The method utilizes carbonate solutions of organic amines with complexants, in low concentrations, to strip metals from organic solvents. The method allows for the distillation and reuse of organic amines. The concentrated metal/complexant fraction from distillation is more amenable to immobilization than solutions resulting from current practice.

Production of 92Y via the 92Zr(n,p) reaction using the C(d,n) accelerator neutron source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kin, Tadahiro; Sanzen, Yukimasa; Kamida, Masaki; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Itoh, Masatoshi

2017-09-01

We have proposed a new method of producing medical radioisotope 92Y as a candidate of alternatives of 111In bioscan prior to 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan treatment. The 92Y isotope is produced via the 92Zr (n,p) reaction using accelerator neutrons generated by the interaction of deuteron beams with carbon. A feasibility experiment was performed at Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University. A carbon thick target was irradiated by 20-MeV deuterons to produce accelerator neutrons. The thick target neutron yield (TTNY) was measured by using the multiple foils activation method. The foils were made of Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Zr, Nb, and Au. The production amount of 92Y and induced impurities were estimated by simulation with the measured TTNY and the JENDL-4.0 nuclear data.

Characterization of Deuteron-Deuteron Neutron Generators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waltz, Cory Scott

A facility based on a next-generation, high-flux D-D neutron generator (HFNG) was commissioned at the University of California Berkeley. The characterization of the HFNG is presented in the following study. The current generator design produces near mono-energetic 2.45 MeV neutrons at outputs of 108 n/s. Calculations provided show that future conditioning at higher currents and voltages will allow for a production rate over 1010 n/s. Characteristics that effect the operational stability include the suppression of the target-emitted back streaming electrons, target sputtering and cooling, and ion beam optics. Suppression of secondary electrons resulting from the deuterium beam striking the target was achieved via the implementation of an electrostatic shroud with a voltage offset of greater than -400 V relative to the target. Ion beam optics analysis resulted in the creation of a defocussing extraction nozzle, allowing for cooler target temperatures and a more compact design. To calculate the target temperatures, a finite difference method (FDM) solver incorporating the additional heat removal effects of subcooled boiling was developed. Validation of the energy balance results from the finite difference method calculations showed the iterative solver converged to heat removal results within about 3% of the expected value. Testing of the extraction nozzle at 1.43 mA and 100 kV determined that overheating of the target did not occur as the measured neutron flux of the generator was near predicted values. Many factors, including the target stopping power, deuterium atomic species, and target loading ratio, affect the flux distribution of the HFNG neutron generator. A detailed analysis to understand these factors effects is presented. Comparison of the calculated flux of the neutron generator using deuteron depth implantation data, neutron flux distribution data, and deuterium atomic species data matched the experimentally calculated flux determined from indium foil

Strip clearcutting to regenerate northern hardwoods.

Treesearch

Frederick T. Metzger

1980-01-01

Describes results of strip clearcutting trials in mature northern hardwood and hemlock-hardwood stands in the Lake States. Two strip width and orientations were tested, with and without herbicide treatment of the advance regeneration. Establishment, growth, and species composition of the regeneration were assessed.

Deuteron irradiation of W and WO 3 for production of high specific activity 186Re: Challenges associated with thick target preparation

DOE PAGES

Balkin, Ethan R.; Gagnon, Katherine; Strong, Kevin T.; ...

2016-06-28

This investigation evaluated target fabrication and beam parameters for scale-up production of high specific activity 186Re using deuteron irradiation of enriched 186W via the 186W(d,2n) 186Re reaction. Thick W and WO 3 targets were prepared, characterized and evaluated in deuteron irradiations. Full-thickness targets, as determined using SRIM, were prepared by uniaxi-ally pressing powdered natural abundance W and WO 3, or 96.86% enriched 186W, into Al target supports. Alternatively, thick targets were prepared by pressing 186W between two layers of graphite powder or by placing pre-sintered (1105°C, 12 hours) natural abundance WO 3 pellets into an Al target support. Assessments ofmore » structural integrity were made on each target pre-pared. Prior to irradiation, material composition analyses were conducted using SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. With-in a minimum of 24 hours post irradiation, gamma-ray spectroscopy was performed on all targets to assess production yields and radionuclidic byproducts. Problems were encountered with the structural integrity of some pressed W and WO 3 pellets before and during irradiation, and target material characterization results could be correlated with the structural integrity of the pressed target pellets. Under the conditions studied, the findings suggest that all WO 3 targets prepared and studied were unacceptable. By contrast, 186W metal was found to be a viable target material for 186Re production. Lastly, thick targets prepared with powdered 186W pressed between layers of graphite provided a particularly robust target configuration.« less

Deuteron irradiation of W and WO3 for production of high specific activity (186)Re: Challenges associated with thick target preparation.

PubMed

Balkin, Ethan R; Gagnon, Katherine; Strong, Kevin T; Smith, Bennett E; Dorman, Eric F; Emery, Robert C; Pauzauskie, Peter J; Fassbender, Michael E; Cutler, Cathy S; Ketring, Alan R; Jurisson, Silvia S; Wilbur, D Scott

2016-09-01

This investigation evaluated target fabrication and beam parameters for scale-up production of high specific activity (186)Re using deuteron irradiation of enriched (186)W via the (186)W(d,2n)(186)Re reaction. Thick W and WO3 targets were prepared, characterized and evaluated in deuteron irradiations. Full-thickness targets, as determined using SRIM, were prepared by uniaxially pressing powdered natural abundance W and WO3, or 96.86% enriched (186)W, into Al target supports. Alternatively, thick targets were prepared by pressing (186)W between two layers of graphite powder or by placing pre-sintered (1105°C, 12h) natural abundance WO3 pellets into an Al target support. Assessments of structural integrity were made on each target prepared. Prior to irradiation, material composition analyses were conducted using SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. Within a minimum of 24h post irradiation, gamma-ray spectroscopy was performed on all targets to assess production yields and radionuclidic byproducts. Problems were encountered with the structural integrity of some pressed W and WO3 pellets before and during irradiation, and target material characterization results could be correlated with the structural integrity of the pressed target pellets. Under the conditions studied, the findings suggest that all WO3 targets prepared and studied were unacceptable. By contrast, (186)W metal was found to be a viable target material for (186)Re production. Thick targets prepared with powdered (186)W pressed between layers of graphite provided a particularly robust target configuration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Participation of cholinergic pathways in α-hederin-induced contraction of rat isolated stomach strips.

PubMed

Mendel, M; Chłopecka, M; Dziekan, N; Karlik, W; Wiechetek, M

2012-05-15

The dry extract of Hedra helix leaves and its main active compounds, predominantly α-hederin and hederacoside C, has been traditionally believed to act spasmolytic. However, it has been recently proved that both, the extract of ivy and triterpenoid saponins, exhibit strong contractile effect on rat isolated stomach smooth muscle strips. It turned out that the most potent contractile agent isolated from the extract of ivy leaves is α-hederin. Thus, it seems reasonable to estimate the mechanism of the contractile effect of this saponin. The presented study was aimed at verifying the participation of cholinergic pathways (muscarinic and nicotine receptors) in α-hederin-induced contraction. The experiments were carried out on rat isolated stomach corpus and fundus strips under isotonic conditions. The preparations were preincubated with either atropine or hexamethonium and then exposed to α-hederin. All results are expressed as the percentage of the response to acetylcholine - a reference contractile agent. The obtained results revealed that the pretreatment of isolated stomach strips (corpus and fundus) with atropine neither prevented nor remarkably reduced the reaction of the preparations to α-hederin. Similarly, if the application of saponin was preceded by the administration of hexamethonium, the strength of the contraction of stomach fundus strips induced by α-hederin was not modified. Concluding, it can be assumed that the cholinergic pathways do not participate in α-hederin-evoked contraction of rat isolated stomach preparations. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Stability of barotropic vortex strip on a rotating sphere.

PubMed

Sohn, Sung-Ik; Sakajo, Takashi; Kim, Sun-Chul

2018-02-01

We study the stability of a barotropic vortex strip on a rotating sphere, as a simple model of jet streams. The flow is approximated by a piecewise-continuous vorticity distribution by zonal bands of uniform vorticity. The linear stability analysis shows that the vortex strip becomes stable as the strip widens or the rotation speed increases. When the vorticity constants in the upper and the lower regions of the vortex strip have the same positive value, the inner flow region of the vortex strip becomes the most unstable. However, when the upper and the lower vorticity constants in the polar regions have different signs, a complex pattern of instability is found, depending on the wavenumber of perturbations, and interestingly, a boundary far away from the vortex strip can be unstable. We also compute the nonlinear evolution of the vortex strip on the rotating sphere and compare with the linear stability analysis. When the width of the vortex strip is small, we observe a good agreement in the growth rate of perturbation at an early time, and the eigenvector corresponding to the unstable eigenvalue coincides with the most unstable part of the flow. We demonstrate that a large structure of rolling-up vortex cores appears in the vortex strip after a long-time evolution. Furthermore, the geophysical relevance of the model to jet streams of Jupiter, Saturn and Earth is examined.

Hollow Au-Ag Nanoparticles Labeled Immunochromatography Strip for Highly Sensitive Detection of Clenbuterol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jingyun; Zhang, Lei; Huang, Youju; Dandapat, Anirban; Dai, Liwei; Zhang, Ganggang; Lu, Xuefei; Zhang, Jiawei; Lai, Weihua; Chen, Tao

2017-01-01

The probe materials play a significant role in improving the detection efficiency and sensitivity of lateral-flow immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS). Unlike conventional ICTS assay usually uses single-component, solid gold nanoparticles as labeled probes, in our present study, a bimetallic, hollow Au-Ag nanoparticles (NPs) labeled ICTS was successfully developed for the detection of clenbuterol (CLE). The hollow Au-Ag NPs with different Au/Ag mole ratio and tunable size were synthesized by varying the volume ratio of [HAuCl4]:[Ag NPs] via the galvanic replacement reaction. The surface of hollow Ag-Au NPs was functionalized with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) for further covalently bonded with anti-CLE monoclonal antibody. Overall size of the Au-Ag NPs, size of the holes within individual NPs and also Au/Ag mole ratio have been systematically optimized to amplify both the visual inspection signals and the quantitative data. The sensitivity of optimized hollow Au-Ag NPs probes has been achieved even as low as 2 ppb in a short time (within 15 min), which is superior over the detection performance of conventional test strip using Au NPs. The optimized hollow Au-Ag NPs labeled test strip can be used as an ideal candidate for the rapid screening of CLE in food samples.

Single-particle states in ^112Cd probed with the ^111Cd(d,p) reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garrett, P. E.; Jamieson, D.; Demand, G. A.; Finlay, P.; Green, K. L.; Leach, K. G.; Phillips, A. A.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Svensson, C. E.; Triambak, S.; Wong, J.; Ball, G. C.; Hertenberger, R.; Wirth, H.-F.; Kr"Ucken, R.; Faestermann, T.

2009-10-01

As part of a program of detailed spectroscopy of the Cd isotopes, the single-particle neutron states in ^112Cd have been probed with the ^111Cd(d,p) reaction. Beams of polarized 22 MeV deuterons, obtained from the LMU/TUM Tandem Accelerator, bombarded a target of ^111Cd. The protons from the reaction, corresponding to excitation energies up to 3 MeV in ^112Cd, were momentum analyzed with the Q3D spectrograph. Cross sections and analyzing powers were fit to results of DWBA calculations, and spectroscopic factors were determined. The results from the experiment, and implications for the structure of ^112Cd, will be presented.

Neutron capture on short-lived nuclei via the surrogate (d,pγ) reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cizewski, Jolie A.; Ratkiewicz, Andrew

2018-05-01

Rapid r-process nucleosynthesis is responsible for the creation of about half of the elements heavier than iron. Neutron capture on shortlived nuclei in cold processes or during freeze out from hot processes can have a significant impact on the final observed r-process abundances. We are validating the (d,pγ) reaction as a surrogate for neutron capture with measurements on 95Mo targets and a focus on discrete transitions. The experimental results have been analyzed within the Hauser-Feshbach approach with non-elastic breakup of the deuteron providing a neutron to be captured. Preliminary results support the (d,pγ) reaction as a valid surrogate for neutron capture. We are poised to measure the (d,pγ) reaction in inverse kinematics with unstable beams following the development of the experimental techniques.

30 CFR 77.1001 - Stripping; loose material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Ground Control § 77.1001 Stripping; loose material. Loose hazardous material shall be stripped for a safe... angle of repose, or barriers, baffle boards, screens, or other devices be provided that afford...

26 CFR 1.1286-2 - Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments... Losses § 1.1286-2 Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments. Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments. If a Treasury Inflation-Protected Security is stripped under the Department of the Treasury's...

26 CFR 1.1286-2 - Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments... Losses § 1.1286-2 Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments. Stripped inflation-protected debt instruments. If a Treasury Inflation-Protected Security is stripped under the Department of the Treasury's...

Measurement of the deuteron structure function F2 in the resonance region and evaluation of its moments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osipenko, M.; Ricco, G.; Simula, S.; Battaglieri, M.; Ripani, M.; Adams, G.; Ambrozewicz, P.; Anghinolfi, M.; Asavapibhop, B.; Asryan, G.; Audit, G.; Avakian, H.; Bagdasaryan, H.; Baillie, N.; Ball, J. P.; Baltzell, N. A.; Barrow, S.; Batourine, V.; Beard, K.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Bektasoglu, M.; Bellis, M.; Benmouna, N.; Biselli, A. S.; Bonner, B. E.; Bouchigny, S.; Boiarinov, S.; Bradford, R.; Branford, D.; Brooks, W. K.; Bültmann, S.; Burkert, V. D.; Butuceanu, C.; Calarco, J. R.; Careccia, S. L.; Carman, D. S.; Cazes, A.; Chen, S.; Cole, P. L.; Coleman, A.; Coltharp, P.; Cords, D.; Corvisiero, P.; Crabb, D.; Cummings, J. P.; de Sanctis, E.; Devita, R.; Degtyarenko, P. V.; Denizli, H.; Dennis, L.; Deur, A.; Dharmawardane, K. V.; Djalali, C.; Dodge, G. E.; Donnelly, J.; Doughty, D.; Dragovitsch, P.; Dugger, M.; Dytman, S.; Dzyubak, O. P.; Egiyan, H.; Egiyan, K. S.; Elouadrhiri, L.; Empl, A.; Eugenio, P.; Fatemi, R.; Fedotov, G.; Feuerbach, R. J.; Forest, T. A.; Funsten, H.; Garçon, M.; Gavalian, G.; Gilfoyle, G. P.; Giovanetti, K. L.; Girod, F. X.; Goetz, J. T.; Golovatch, E.; Gordon, C. I. O.; Gothe, R. W.; Griffioen, K. A.; Guidal, M.; Guillo, M.; Guler, N.; Guo, L.; Gyurjyan, V.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hakobyan, R. S.; Hardie, J.; Heddle, D.; Hersman, F. W.; Hicks, K.; Hleiqawi, I.; Holtrop, M.; Hu, J.; Huertas, M.; Hyde-Wright, C. E.; Ilieva, Y.; Ireland, D. G.; Ishkhanov, B. S.; Ito, M. M.; Jenkins, D.; Jo, H. S.; Joo, K.; Juengst, H. G.; Kellie, J. D.; Khandaker, M.; Kim, K. Y.; Kim, K.; Kim, W.; Klein, A.; Klein, F. J.; Klimenko, A. V.; Klusman, M.; Kossov, M.; Kramer, L. H.; Kubarovsky, V.; Kuhn, J.; Kuhn, S. E.; Lachniet, J.; Laget, J. M.; Langheinrich, J.; Lawrence, D.; Lee, T.; Li, Ji; Lima, A. C. S.; Livingston, K.; Lukashin, K.; Manak, J. J.; Marchand, C.; McAleer, S.; McKinnon, B.; McNabb, J. W. C.; Mecking, B. A.; Mehrabyan, S.; Melone, J. J.; Mestayer, M. D.; Meyer, C. A.; Mikhailov, K.; Minehart, R.; Mirazita, M.; Miskimen, R.; Mokeev, V.; Morand, L.; Morrow, S. A.; Mueller, J.; Mutchler, G. S.; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Napolitano, J.; Nasseripour, R.; Nefedov, G.; Niccolai, S.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.; Niczyporuk, B. B.; Niyazov, R. A.; Nozar, M.; O'Rielly, G. V.; Ostrovidov, A. I.; Park, K.; Pasyuk, E.; Philips, S. A.; Pierce, J.; Pivnyuk, N.; Pocanic, D.; Pogorelko, O.; Polli, E.; Pozdniakov, S.; Preedom, B. M.; Price, J. W.; Prok, Y.; Protopopescu, D.; Qin, L. M.; Raue, B. A.; Riccardi, G.; Ritchie, B. G.; Ronchetti, F.; Rosner, G.; Rossi, P.; Rowntree, D.; Rubin, P. D.; Sabatié, F.; Salgado, C.; Santoro, J. P.; Sapunenko, V.; Schumacher, R. A.; Serov, V. S.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Shaw, J.; Skabelin, A. V.; Smith, E. S.; Smith, L. C.; Sober, D. I.; Stavinsky, A.; Stepanyan, S. S.; Stepanyan, S.; Stokes, B. E.; Stoler, P.; Strauch, S.; Suleiman, R.; Taiuti, M.; Taylor, S.; Tedeschi, D. J.; Thoma, U.; Thompson, R.; Tkabladze, A.; Todor, L.; Tur, C.; Ungaro, M.; Vineyard, M. F.; Vlassov, A. V.; Weinstein, L. B.; Weygand, D. P.; Williams, M.; Wolin, E.; Wood, M. H.; Yegneswaran, A.; Yun, J.; Zana, L.; Zhang, J.

2006-04-01

Inclusive electron scattering off the deuteron has been measured to extract the deuteron structure function F2 with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The measurement covers the entire resonance region from the quasielastic peak up to the invariant mass of the final-state hadronic system W≃2.7 GeV with four-momentum transfers Q2 from 0.4 to 6 (GeV/c)2. These data are complementary to previous measurements of the proton structure function F2 and cover a similar two-dimensional region of Q2 and Bjorken variable x. Determination of the deuteron F2 over a large x interval including the quasielastic peak as a function of Q2, together with the other world data, permit a direct evaluation of the structure function moments for the first time. By fitting the Q2 evolution of these moments with an OPE-based twist expansion we have obtained a separation of the leading twist and higher twist terms. The observed Q2 behavior of the higher twist contribution suggests a partial cancelation of different higher twists entering into the expansion with opposite signs. This cancelation, found also in the proton moments, is a manifestation of the “duality” phenomenon in the F2 structure function.

26 CFR 1.1286-2 - Stripped inflation-indexed debt instruments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Stripped inflation-indexed debt instruments. 1....1286-2 Stripped inflation-indexed debt instruments. Stripped inflation-indexed debt instruments. If a Treasury Inflation-Indexed Security is stripped under the Department of the Treasury's Separate Trading of...

Stability of barotropic vortex strip on a rotating sphere

PubMed Central

Sohn, Sung-Ik; Kim, Sun-Chul

2018-01-01

We study the stability of a barotropic vortex strip on a rotating sphere, as a simple model of jet streams. The flow is approximated by a piecewise-continuous vorticity distribution by zonal bands of uniform vorticity. The linear stability analysis shows that the vortex strip becomes stable as the strip widens or the rotation speed increases. When the vorticity constants in the upper and the lower regions of the vortex strip have the same positive value, the inner flow region of the vortex strip becomes the most unstable. However, when the upper and the lower vorticity constants in the polar regions have different signs, a complex pattern of instability is found, depending on the wavenumber of perturbations, and interestingly, a boundary far away from the vortex strip can be unstable. We also compute the nonlinear evolution of the vortex strip on the rotating sphere and compare with the linear stability analysis. When the width of the vortex strip is small, we observe a good agreement in the growth rate of perturbation at an early time, and the eigenvector corresponding to the unstable eigenvalue coincides with the most unstable part of the flow. We demonstrate that a large structure of rolling-up vortex cores appears in the vortex strip after a long-time evolution. Furthermore, the geophysical relevance of the model to jet streams of Jupiter, Saturn and Earth is examined. PMID:29507524

Emission reduction by multipurpose buffer strips on arable fields.

PubMed

Sloots, K; van der Vlies, A W

2007-01-01

In the area managed by Hollandse Delta, agriculture is under great pressure and the social awareness of the agricultural sector is increasing steadily. In recent years, a stand-still has been observed in water quality, in terms of agrochemicals, and concentrations even exceed the standard. To improve the waterquality a multi-purpose Field Margin Regulation was drafted for the Hoeksche Waard island in 2005. The regulation prescribes a crop-free strip, 3.5 m wide, alongside wet drainage ditches. The strip must be sown with mixtures of grasses, flowers or herbs. No crop protection chemicals or fertilizer may be used on the strips. A total length of approximately 200 km of buffer strip has now been laid. Besides reducing emissions, the buffer strips also stimulate natural pest control methods and encourage local tourism. Finally, the strips should lead to an improvement in the farmers' image. The regulation has proved to be successful. The buffer strips boosted both local tourism and the image of the agricultural sector. Above all, the strips provided a natural shield for emission to surface water, which will lead to an improvement of the water quality and raise the farmers' awareness of water quality and the environment.

Coincidence charged-current neutrino-induced deuteron disintegration for 2H2 16O

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Orden, J. W.; Donnelly, T. W.; Moreno, O.

2017-12-01

Semi-inclusive charge-changing neutrino reactions on targets of heavy water are investigated with the goal of determining the relative contributions to the total cross section of deuterium and oxygen in kinematics chosen to emphasize the former. The study is undertaken for conditions where the typical neutrino beam energies are in the few GeV region, and hence relativistic modeling is essential. For this, the previous relativistic approach for the deuteron is employed, together with a spectral function approach for the case of oxygen. Upon optimizing the kinematics of the final-state particles assumed to be detected (typically a muon and a proton) it is shown that the oxygen contribution to the total cross section is suppressed by roughly an order of magnitude compared with the deuterium cross section, thereby confirming that CC ν studies of heavy water can effectively yield the cross sections for deuterium, with acceptable backgrounds from oxygen. This opens the possibility of using deuterium to determine the incident neutrino flux distribution, to have it serve as a target for which the nuclear structure issues are minimal, and possibly to use deuterium to provide improved knowledge of specific aspects of hadronic structure, such as to explore the momentum transfer dependence of the isovector axial-vector form factor of the nucleon.

Buffer strip design for protecting water quality and fish habitat

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Belt, G.H.; O'Laughlin, J.

1994-04-01

Buffer strips are protective areas adjacent to streams or lakes. Among other functions, they protect water quality and fish habitat. A typical buffer strip is found in western Oregon, where they are called Riparian Management Areas (RMAs). The authors use the term buffer strip to include functional descriptions such as filter, stabilization, or leave strips, and administrative designations such as Idaho's Stream Protection Zone (SPZ), Washington's Riparian Management Zone (RMZ), and the USDA Forest Service's Streamside Management Zone (SMZ). They address water quality and fishery protective functions of buffer strips on forestlands, pointing out improvements in buffer strip design possiblemore » through research or administrative changes. Buffer strip design requirements found in some western Forest Practices Act (FPA) regulations are also compared and related to findings in the scientific literature.« less

33 CFR 157.128 - Stripping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) POLLUTION RULES FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT RELATING TO TANK VESSELS CARRYING OIL IN BULK Crude Oil Washing (COW) System on Tank Vessels Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.128 Stripping...) must have a stripping system that is designed to remove crude oil from— (1) Each cargo tank at 1.25...

33 CFR 157.128 - Stripping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) POLLUTION RULES FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT RELATING TO TANK VESSELS CARRYING OIL IN BULK Crude Oil Washing (COW) System on Tank Vessels Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.128 Stripping...) must have a stripping system that is designed to remove crude oil from— (1) Each cargo tank at 1.25...

33 CFR 157.128 - Stripping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) POLLUTION RULES FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT RELATING TO TANK VESSELS CARRYING OIL IN BULK Crude Oil Washing (COW) System on Tank Vessels Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.128 Stripping...) must have a stripping system that is designed to remove crude oil from— (1) Each cargo tank at 1.25...

33 CFR 157.128 - Stripping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) POLLUTION RULES FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT RELATING TO TANK VESSELS CARRYING OIL IN BULK Crude Oil Washing (COW) System on Tank Vessels Design, Equipment, and Installation § 157.128 Stripping...) must have a stripping system that is designed to remove crude oil from— (1) Each cargo tank at 1.25...

High Pressure Water Stripping Using Multi-Orifice Nozzles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoppe, David

1999-01-01

The use of multi-orifice rotary nozzles greatly increases the speed and stripping effectiveness of high pressure water blasting systems, but also greatly increases the complexity of selecting and optimizing the operating parameters. The rotational speed of the nozzle must be coupled with its transverse velocity as it passes across the surface of the substrate being stripped. The radial and angular positions of each orifice must be included in the analysis of the nozzle configuration. Orifices at the outer edge of the nozzle head move at a faster rate than the orifices located near the center. The energy transmitted to the surface from the impact force of the water stream from an outer orifice is therefore spread over a larger area than energy from an inner orifice. Utilizing a larger diameter orifice in the outer radial positions increases the total energy transmitted from the outer orifice to compensate for the wider distribution of energy. The total flow rate from the combination of all orifices must be monitored and should be kept below the pump capacity while choosing orifice to insert in each position. The energy distribution from the orifice pattern is further complicated since the rotary path of all the orifices in the nozzle head pass through the center section. All orifices contribute to the stripping in the center of the path while only the outer most orifice contributes to the stripping at the edge of the nozzle. Additional orifices contribute to the stripping from the outer edge toward the center section. With all these parameters to configure and each parameter change affecting the others, a computer model was developed to track and coordinate these parameters. The computer simulation graphically indicates the cumulative affect from each parameter selected. The result from the proper choices in parameters is a well designed, highly efficient stripping system. A poorly chosen set of parameters will cause the nozzle to strip aggressively in some areas

High Pressure Water Stripping Using Multi-Orifice Nozzles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoppe, David T.

1998-01-01

The use of multi-orifice rotary nozzles not only increases the speed and stripping effectiveness of high pressure water blasting systems, but also greatly increases the complexity of selecting and optimizing the operating parameters. The rotational speed of the nozzle must be coupled with the transverse velocity of the nozzle as it passes across the surface of the substrate being stripped. The radial and angular positions of each orifice must be included in the analysis of the nozzle configuration. Since orifices at the outer edge of the nozzle head move at a faster rate than the orifice located near the center, the energy impact force of the water stream from the outer orifice is spread over a larger area than the water streams from the inner orifice. Utilizing a larger diameter orifice in the outer radial positions increases the energy impact to compensate for its wider force distribution. The total flow rate from the combination of orifices must be monitored and kept below the pump capacity while choosing an orifice to insert in each position. The energy distribution from the orifice pattern is further complicated since the rotary path of all orifices in the nozzle head pass through the center section, contributing to the stripping in this area while only the outer most orifice contributes to the stripping in the shell area at the extreme outside edge of the nozzle. From t he outer most shell to the center section, more orifices contribute to the stripping in each progressively reduced diameter shell. With all these parameters to configure and each parameter change affecting the others, a computer model was developed to track and coordinate these parameters. The computer simulation responds by graphically indicating the cumulative affect from each parameter selected. The results from the proper choices in parameters is a well designed, highly efficient stripping system. A poorly chosen set of parameters will cause the nozzle to strip aggressively in some areas

A three-dimensional silver nanoparticles decorated plasmonic paper strip for SERS detection of low-abundance molecules.

PubMed

Li, Yixin; Zhang, Kun; Zhao, Jingjing; Ji, Ji; Ji, Chang; Liu, Baohong

2016-01-15

The fabrication of SERS substrates, which can offer the advantages of strong Raman signal enhancement with good reproducibility and low cost, is still a challenge for practical applications. In this work, a simple three-dimensional (3D) paper-based SERS substrate, which contains plasmonic silver-nanoparticles (AgNPs), has been developed by the silver mirror reaction. This paper strip was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. Pretreatment of the paper as well as the reaction time, temperature, and reagent concentrations for the silver mirror reaction were varied for further studies. With the optimized experimental parameters, the AgNPs synthesized and distributed in-situ on the paper strip could give more favorable SERS performance. The limit of detection (LOD) as low as 10(-11)M for Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 10(-9)M for p-aminothiophenol (p-ATP) plus wide linear range for the log-log plot of Raman intensity versus analyte concentration were achieved. The detection of R6G in rain water was also carried out successfully. The merits of this protocol include low cost, easy operation, high sensitivity and acceptable stability, which make it ideal for the detection of environmental samples in trace amounts. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simulation of mode converted ion Bernstein wave - beam deuteron interactions on TFTR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herrmann, Mark; Fisch, Nathaniel

1998-11-01

Experiments on TFTR have documented strong interactions between mode converted ion Bernstein waves (MCIBW) and beam deuterons(D. S. Darrow et al.), Nucl. Fusion 36, 509 (1996).^,(N. J. Fisch et al.), IAEA, Vol. 1, p. 271 (1996). This is of particular interest in the study of α channelling, since the most promising scenarios(M. C. Herrmann and N. J. Fisch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79), 1495 (1997). rely on a suitable combination of MCIBW and Alfvén eigenmodes to achieve the cooling of the α particles. Collisional effects, realistic wave fields, and a detailed model of the wave-particle interaction have been added to the Monte Carlo simulations which are used to simulate α channelling in order to model TFTR experiments(M. C. Herrmann, Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, 1998.). The results are found to be in qualitative agreement with the data. In addition, the simulation is used, in conjunction with the data, to demonstrate the existence of the k_\\|-flip of the MCIBW, and to infer a diffusion coefficient for the beam deuterons interacting with the wave. This diffusion coefficient significantly exceeds what would be expected on the basis of quasilinear theory with the fields specified by 1 D ray tracing of the MCIBW.

Infrared spectra of interstellar deuteronated PAHs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buragohain, Mridusmita; Pathak, Amit; Sarre, Peter

2015-08-01

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules have emerged as a potential constituent of the ISM that emit strong features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.2 and 12.7 μm with weaker and blended features in the 3-20μm region. These features are proposed to arise from the vibrational relaxation of PAH molecules on absorption of background UV photons (Tielens 2008). These IR features have been observed towards almost all types of astronomical objects; say H II regions, photodissociation regions, reflection nebulae, planetary nebulae, young star forming regions, external galaxies, etc. A recent observation has proposed that interstellar PAHs are major reservoir for interstellar deuterium (D) (Peeters et al. 2004). According to the `deuterium depletion model' as suggested by Draine (2006), some of the Ds formed in the big bang are depleted in PAHs, which can account for the present value of D/H in the ISM. Hence, study of deuterated PAHs (PADs) is essential in order to measure D/H in the ISM.In this work, we consider another probable category of the large PAH family, i.e. Deuteronated PAHs (DPAH+). Onaka et al. have proposed a D/H ratio which is an order of magnitude smaller than the proposed value of D/H by Draine suggesting that if Ds are depleted in PAHs, they might be accommodated in large PAHs (Onaka et al. 2014). This work reports a `Density Functional Theory' calculation of large deuteronated PAHs (coronene, ovalene, circumcoronene and circumcircumcoronene) to determine the expected region of emission features and to find a D/H ratio that is comparable to the observational results. We present a detailed analysis of the IR spectra of these molecules and discuss the possible astrophysical implications.ReferencesDraine B. T. 2006, in ASP Conf. Ser. 348, Proc. Astrophysics in the Far Ultraviolet: Five Years of Discovery with FUSE, ed. G. Sonneborn, H. Moos, B-G Andersson (San Francisco, CA:ASP) 58Onaka T., Mori T. I., Sakon I., Ohsawa R., Kaneda H., Okada Y., Tanaka M

The role of heat transfer in strip casting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Misra, Paretosh

The last few years have witnessed rapid developments in the area of strip casting of steel. It involves smaller capital and operating cost, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and an opportunity to create newer products due to a faster solidification rate that leads to a different solidification structure. Thus, ample reasons for interest in the technology exist. At the same time, it needs to be determined if the properties of a strip cast product can match those of a conventional product and if it is possible to produce steel strip at high production rates. The first objective of this work was to characterize the quality, structure, and properties of strip cast material of different chemistries and cast at different machines, to identify the critical operating conditions that would result in the best properties. Determination of the possible range of properties was also aimed, given that the structure of the material is different from the traditional material. The second objective was to investigate ways to increase the rate of heat transfer in strip casting, as that will also enhance the productivity of a strip caster. It was also envisaged to see what effect a high rate of heat transfer will have on the properties of the strip cast material. Results from the strip cast material characterization that was carried out to achieve the first objective indicated that an effective control of heat transfer is very important to get the best properties. Samples that showed best properties had a uniform solidification structure consisting of columnar grains running from the edge of a strip to the centerline, indicating a good control of heat transfer, and their dendrite spacings pointed towards a relatively faster rate of cooling between the rolls. These findings indicated that heat transfer is a core issue in strip casting. The mechanism of increase in the rate of heat transfer in strip casting due to the presence of liquid oxide films at the metal-mold interface was examined

Wooded Strips and Windbreaks in Kansas, 1981

Treesearch

Thomas L. Castonguay; Mark H. Hansen

1984-01-01

In 1981 wooded strips and windbreaks in Kansas coverd 336,000 acres and were more than 54,000 miles long. Wooded strips contained 300 million board feet of sawtimber and 92 million cubic feet of growing stock.

Centerline Rumble Strips Safety And Maintenance Impacts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

Soon after implementation of centerline rumble strips in Georgia around 2005-2006, GDOT observed pavement distress and deterioration at one of the centerline rumble strips sites. As no definitive correlation has been drawn between centerline rumble s...

Urine specific gravity measurement: reagent strip versus refractometer.

PubMed

Brandon, C A

1994-01-01

To compare the results of urinalysis screenings for specific gravity (SG) using the reagent strip and the refractometer. United Hospital, Grand Forks, North Dakota. United Hospital is a 384-bed teaching hospital. PRODUCT COMPARISON: The Ames Multistix 10 SG reagent strip (Miles, Inc., Elkhart, IN 46515) was compared with the TS Meter (Leica, Inc., Deerfield, IL 60015). The degree of correlation between the results produced by each method. The percentage of difference between the means of the direct strip readings and the refractometer readings was 9.68%. The percentage of difference between the means of the adjusted strip readings and the refractometer readings was 22.58%, which was significantly different. When the direct strip readings and the refractometer readings were plotted together on a graph, the points were widely scattered; this fact, and a correlation coefficient of 0.725, suggest that random error occurred in both methods. Analysis of the slope and intercept of the correlation indicated systematic error. The reagent strip method of measuring SG is accurate only in a narrow range of "average" values, and should not be used as the basis for medical diagnoses.

Proton, Deuteron and Helion Spectra from Central Au+Au collisions at the AG

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baumgart, Stephen

2002-10-01

The AGS E895 experiment ran Au+Au collisions at bombarding energies of 2, 4, 6 and 8 AGeV. For central collisions, particle spectra have been measured for pions, kaons, protons, deuterons, and helions. From these spectra, the dN/dy distributions have been determined across a rapidity range from approximately -1.5 to 1.5 at maximum beam energy. Integration of the rapidity densities gives the total yields of each particle species. The final charge of the system can be calculated from the total yields to show that all of the initial charge is accounted for. The conclusions from the analyses of the condensate particle spectra will be presented. Fits to the spectra determine the freeze-out temperatures, radial flow velocities, and chemical potentials. The rapidity density distributions are used to estimate the longitudinal flow. The proton phase space density can be estimated by combining the proton spectra with the gaussian freeze-out radii intrepreted from a coalescence model employing the yields of protons, deuterons, tritons, and helions. Comparisons of the above results will be made to the experimental evidence from SIS, the AGS, the SPS, and RHIC.

Application of ultrasound and air stripping for the removal of aromatic hydrocarbons from spent sulfidic caustic for use in autotrophic denitrification as an electron donor.

PubMed

Lee, Jae-Ho; Park, Jeung-Jin; Choi, Gi-Choong; Byun, Im-Gyu; Park, Tae-Joo; Lee, Tae-Ho

2013-01-01

Spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) produced from petroleum industry can be reused to denitrify nitrate-nitrogen via a biological nitrogen removal process as an electron donor for sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification, because it has a large amount of dissolved sulfur. However, SSC has to be refined because it also contains some aromatic hydrocarbons, typically benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) and phenol that are recalcitrant organic compounds. In this study, laboratory-scale ultrasound irradiation and air stripping treatment were applied in order to remove these aromatic hydrocarbons. In the ultrasound system, both BTEX and phenol were exponentially removed by ultrasound irradiation during 60 min of reaction time to give the greatest removal efficiency of about 80%. Whereas, about 95% removal efficiency of BTEX was achieved, but not any significant phenol removal, within 30 min in the air stripping system, indicating that air stripping was a more efficient method than ultrasound irradiation. However, since air stripping did not remove any significant phenol, an additional process for degrading phenol was required. Accordingly, we applied a combined ultrasound and air stripping process. In these experiments, the removal efficiencies of BTEX and phenol were improved compared to the application of ultrasound and air stripping alone. Thus, the combined ultrasound and air stripping treatment is appropriate for refining SSC.

Enhancement Of Water-Jet Stripping Of Foam

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cosby, Steven A.; Shockney, Charles H.; Bates, Keith E.; Shalala, John P.; Daniels, Larry S.

1995-01-01

Improved robotic high-pressure-water-jet system strips foam insulation from parts without removing adjacent coating materials like paints, primers, and sealants. Even injects water into crevices and blind holes to clean out foam, without harming adjacent areas. Eliminates both cost of full stripping and recoating and problem of disposing of toxic solutions used in preparation for coating. Developed for postflight refurbishing of aft skirts of booster rockets. System includes six-axis robot provided with special end effector and specially written control software, called Aftfoam. Adaptable to cleaning and stripping in other industrial settings.

Micro-strip sensors based on CVD diamond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adam, W.; Berdermann, E.; Bergonzo, P.; Bertuccio, G.; Bogani, F.; Borchi, E.; Brambilla, A.; Bruzzi, M.; Colledani, C.; Conway, J.; D'Angelo, P.; Dabrowski, W.; Delpierre, P.; Deneuville, A.; Dulinski, W.; van Eijk, B.; Fallou, A.; Fizzotti, F.; Foulon, F.; Friedl, M.; Gan, K. K.; Gheeraert, E.; Hallewell, G.; Han, S.; Hartjes, F.; Hrubec, J.; Husson, D.; Kagan, H.; Kania, D.; Kaplon, J.; Kass, R.; Koeth, T.; Krammer, M.; Logiudice, A.; Lu, R.; mac Lynne, L.; Manfredotti, C.; Meier, D.; Mishina, M.; Moroni, L.; Oh, A.; Pan, L. S.; Pernicka, M.; Peitz, A.; Perera, L.; Pirollo, S.; Procario, M.; Riester, J. L.; Roe, S.; Rousseau, L.; Rudge, A.; Russ, J.; Sala, S.; Sampietro, M.; Schnetzer, S.; Sciortino, S.; Stelzer, H.; Stone, R.; Suter, B.; Tapper, R. J.; Tesarek, R.; Trischuk, W.; Tromson, D.; Vittone, E.; Walsh, A. M.; Wedenig, R.; Weilhammer, P.; Wetstein, M.; White, C.; Zeuner, W.; Zoeller, M.; RD42 Collaboration

2000-10-01

In this article we present the performance of recent chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond micro-strip sensors in beam tests. In addition, we present the first comparison of a CVD diamond micro-strip sensor before and after proton irradiation.

Determination of the beam-spin asymmetry of deuteron photodisintegration in the energy region Eγ=1.1 -2.3 GeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zachariou, N.; Ilieva, Y.; Berman, B. L.; Ivanov, N. Ya.; Sargsian, M. M.; Avakian, R.; Feldman, G.; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Adhikari, K. P.; Adikaram, D.; Anderson, M. D.; Pereira, S. Anefalos; Avakian, H.; Badui, R. A.; Baltzell, N. A.; Battaglieri, M.; Baturin, V.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Biselli, A. S.; Briscoe, W. J.; Brooks, W. K.; Burkert, V. D.; Cao, T.; Carman, D. S.; Celentano, A.; Chandavar, S.; Charles, G.; Colaneri, L.; Cole, P. L.; Compton, N.; Contalbrigo, M.; Cortes, O.; Crede, V.; D'Angelo, A.; De Vita, R.; De Sanctis, E.; Deur, A.; Djalali, C.; Dupre, R.; Egiyan, H.; Alaoui, A. El; Fassi, L. El; Elouadrhiri, L.; Fedotov, G.; Fegan, S.; Filippi, A.; Fleming, J. A.; Forest, T. A.; Fradi, A.; Gevorgyan, N.; Ghandilyan, Y.; Gilfoyle, G. P.; Giovanetti, K. L.; Girod, F. X.; Glazier, D. I.; Golovatch, E.; Gothe, R. W.; Griffioen, K. A.; Guidal, M.; Hafidi, K.; Hanretty, C.; Harrison, N.; Hattawy, M.; Hicks, K.; Ho, D.; Holtrop, M.; Hughes, S. M.; Ireland, D. G.; Ishkhanov, B. S.; Isupov, E. L.; Jiang, H.; Jo, H. S.; Joo, K.; Keller, D.; Khachatryan, G.; Khandaker, M.; Kim, A.; Kim, W.; Klein, F. J.; Kubarovsky, V.; Lenisa, P.; Livingston, K.; Lu, H. Y.; MacGregor, I. J. D.; Markov, N.; Mattione, P. T.; McKinnon, B.; Mineeva, T.; Mirazita, M.; Mokeeev, V. I.; Montgomery, R. A.; Moutarde, H.; Camacho, C. Munoz; Net, L. A.; Niccolai, S.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.; Osipenko, M.; Ostrovidov, A. I.; Park, K.; Pasyuk, E.; Phelps, W.; Phillips, J. J.; Pisano, S.; Pogorelko, O.; Pozdniakov, S.; Price, J. W.; Procureur, S.; Prok, Y.; Protopopescu, D.; Puckett, A. J. R.; Ripani, M.; Rizzo, A.; Rosner, G.; Rossi, P.; Roy, P.; Sabatié, F.; Salgado, C.; Schott, D.; Schumacher, R. A.; Seder, E.; Senderovich, I.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Skorodumina, Iu.; Smith, G. D.; Sober, D. I.; Sokhan, D.; Sparveris, N.; Stepanyan, S.; Strauch, S.; Sytnik, V.; Taiuti, M.; Tian, Ye; Ungaro, M.; Voskanyan, H.; Voutier, E.; Walford, N. K.; Watts, D.; Wei, X.; Wood, M. H.; Zana, L.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, Z. W.; Zonta, I.; CLAS Collaboration

2015-05-01

The beam-spin asymmetry, Σ , for the reaction γ d →p n has been measured using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) for six photon-energy bins, between 1.1 and 2.3 GeV, and proton angles in the center-of-mass frame, θc .m ., between 25∘ and 160∘. These are the first measurements of beam-spin asymmetries at θc .m .=90∘ for photon-beam energies above 1.6 GeV, and the first measurements for angles other than θc .m .=90∘ . The angular and energy dependence of Σ is expected to aid in the development of QCD-based models to understand the mechanisms of deuteron photodisintegration in the transition region between hadronic and partonic degrees of freedom, where both effective field theories and perturbative QCD cannot make reliable predictions.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of diamond-coated strips.

PubMed

Lione, Roberta; Gazzani, Francesca; Pavoni, Chiara; Guarino, Stefano; Tagliaferri, Vincenzo; Cozza, Paola

2017-05-01

To test in vitro and in vivo the wear performance of diamond-coated strips by means of tribological testing and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). To evaluate the in vitro wear performance, a tribological test was performed by a standard tribometer. The abrasive strips slid against stationary, freshly extracted premolars fixed in resin blocks, at a 2-newton load. At the end of the tribological test, the residual surface of the strip was observed by means of SEM analysis, which was performed every 50 meters until reaching 300 meters. For the in vivo analysis, the strip was used for 300 seconds, corresponding to 250 meters. The strips presented a fenestrated structure characterized by diamond granules alternating with voids. After the first 50 meters, it was possible to observe tooth material deposited on the surface of the strips and a certain number of abrasive grains detached. The surface of the strip after 250 meters appeared smoother and therefore less effective in its abrasive power. After 300 seconds of in vivo utilization of the strip, it was possible to observe the detachment of diamond abrasive grains, the near absence of the grains and, therefore, loss of abrasive power. Under ideal conditions, after 5 minutes (30 meters) of use, the strip loses its abrasive capacity by about 60%. In vivo, a more rapid loss of abrasive power was observed due to the greater load applied by the clinician in forcing the strip into the contact point.

Investigations of Spectroscopic Factors and Sum Rules from the Single Neutron Transfer Reaction 111Cd(overrightarrow {{d}} ,p)112Cd

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jamieson, D. S.; Garrett, P. E.; Ball, G. C.; Demand, G. A.; Faestermann, T.; Finlay, P.; Green, K. L.; Hertenberger, R.; Krücken, R.; Leach, K. G.; Phillips, A. A.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Triambak, S.; Wirth, H.-F.

2014-03-01

Cadmium isotopes have been presented for decades as excellent examples of vibrational nuclei, with low-lying levels interpreted as multi-phonon quadrupole, octupole, and mixed-symmetry states. A large amount of spectroscopic data has been obtained through various experimental studies of cadmiumisotopes. In the present work, the 111Cd(overrightarrow {{d}} ,p)112Cd reaction was used to investigate the single-particle structure of the 112Cd nucleus. A 22 MeV beam of polarized deuterons was obtained at the Maier-Leibnitz laboratory in Garching, Germany. The reaction ejectiles were momentum analyzed using a Q3D spectrograph, and 130 levels have been identified up to 4.2 MeV of excitation energy. Using DWBA analysis with optical model calculations, spin-parity assignments have been made for observed levels, and spectroscopic factors have been extracted from the experimental angular distributions of differential cross section and analyzing power. In this high energy resolution investigation, many additional levels have been observed compared with the previous (d,p) study using 8 MeV deuterons [1]. There were a total of 44 new levels observed, and the parity assignments of 34 levels were improved.

Electromagnetic Simulation and Design of a Novel Waveguide RF Wien Filter for Electric Dipole Moment Measurements of Protons and Deuterons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slim, J.; Gebel, R.; Heberling, D.; Hinder, F.; Hölscher, D.; Lehrach, A.; Lorentz, B.; Mey, S.; Nass, A.; Rathmann, F.; Reifferscheidt, L.; Soltner, H.; Straatmann, H.; Trinkel, F.; Wolters, J.

2016-08-01

The conventional Wien filter is a device with orthogonal static magnetic and electric fields, often used for velocity separation of charged particles. Here we describe the electromagnetic design calculations for a novel waveguide RF Wien filter that will be employed to solely manipulate the spins of protons or deuterons at frequencies of about 0.1-2 MHz at the COoler SYnchrotron COSY at Jülich. The device will be used in a future experiment that aims at measuring the proton and deuteron electric dipole moments, which are expected to be very small. Their determination, however, would have a huge impact on our understanding of the universe.

Comparing reliabilities of strip and conventional patch testing.

PubMed

Dickel, Heinrich; Geier, Johannes; Kreft, Burkhard; Pfützner, Wolfgang; Kuss, Oliver

2017-06-01

The standardized protocol for performing the strip patch test has proven to be valid, but evidence on its reliability is still missing. To estimate the parallel-test reliability of the strip patch test as compared with the conventional patch test. In this multicentre, prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded reliability study, 132 subjects were enrolled. Simultaneous duplicate strip and conventional patch tests were performed with the Finn Chambers ® on Scanpor ® tape test system and the patch test preparations nickel sulfate 5% pet., potassium dichromate 0.5% pet., and lanolin alcohol 30% pet. Reliability was estimated by the use of Cohen's kappa coefficient. Parallel-test reliability values of the three standard patch test preparations turned out to be acceptable, with slight advantages for the strip patch test. The differences in reliability were 9% (95%CI: -8% to 26%) for nickel sulfate and 23% (95%CI: -16% to 63%) for potassium dichromate, both favouring the strip patch test. The standardized strip patch test method for the detection of allergic contact sensitization in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis is reliable. Its application in routine clinical practice can be recommended, especially if the conventional patch test result is presumably false negative. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with Pencil Graphite Electrode for Determination of Chromium (III)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wyantuti, S.; Hafidza, R. A.; Ishmayana, S.; Hartati, Y. W.

2017-02-01

Chromium is required as micronutrient that has roles in insulin metabolism and blood glucose level regulation. Chromium (III) deficiency can cause hyperglycemia and glycosuria. However, a high amount of chromium in body can cause allergic reaction, organ damage, and even death because of its toxicity. Chromium is commonly used in steel industries. Simultaneously with the development of industry, the waste disposal that can endanger environment also increased. Therefore, a sensitive and specific analysis method for chromium detection is required. Stripping voltammetry is one of the voltammetric methods that is commonly used for heavy metal analysis due to the very low limit of detection (sub ppb). The present study was conducted to develop an analysis method for chromium (III) determination using pencil graphite electrode. Quantitative determination was performed for chromium (III) which measured at -0.8 to +1.0 V with deposition time for 60 s and 50 mV/s scan rate. Stripping voltammetric analysis of chromium (III) using pencil graphite electrode gave linear range at 12.5 to 75 ppm with limit of detection of 0.31 ppm.

Stripping voltammetry in environmental and food analysis.

PubMed

Brainina, K Z; Malakhova, N A; Stojko, N Y

2000-10-01

The review covers over 230 papers published mostly in the last 5 years. The goal of the review is to attract the attention of researchers and users to stripping voltammetry in particular, its application in environmental monitoring and analysis of foodstuffs. The sensors employed are impregnated graphite, carbon paste, thick film carbon/graphite and thin film metallic electrodes modified in-situ or beforehand. Hanging mercury drop electrodes and mercury coated glassy carbon electrodes are also mentioned. Strip and long-lived sensors for portable instruments and flow through systems are discussed as devices for future development and application of stripping voltammetry.

Factors affecting urine reagent strip blood results in dogs and nonhuman primates and interpretation of urinalysis in preclinical toxicology studies: a Multi-Institution Contract Research Organization and BioPharmaceutical Company Perspective.

PubMed

Aulbach, Adam D; Schultze, Eric; Tripathi, Niraj K; Hall, Robert L; Logan, Michael R; Meyer, Denny J

2015-06-01

Urinalysis data in preclinical toxicology studies can be influenced by preanalytic and analytic factors which have the potential to confound interpretation. There is a paucity of information regarding positive reagent strip urinary blood reactions in healthy nonhuman primates (NHP) and Beagle dogs used in preclinical toxicology studies. The objectives were (1) to establish historical control data for reagent strip urinary blood reactions in healthy NHP and Beagle dogs, (2) to determine the incidence of positive urinary blood reactions during predose and dosing phases, and (3) to determine if collection practice was a relevant parameter. Historical control data from 2 institutions in the biopharmaceutical industry were retrospectively analyzed for reagent strip urinary blood reactions in healthy NHP and Beagles. The incidence of positive results between the 2 institutions with different urine collection practices and between males and females was compared. The incidence of positive urinary blood reactions in NHP was comparable between institutions (≤ 14% in males; ≤ 33% in females), while the incidence of positive urinary blood reactions in Beagles was more variable (≤ 77% in males; ≤ 69% in females), and higher in females during the dosing phase. Positive urinary blood results that could potentially be misinterpreted as toxicologically relevant were identified in healthy NHP and Beagles during predose and dosing phases. Different incidences of positive results between the 2 institutions were likely related to collection practices. Strategies to reduce feces and food contamination of collected urine samples should help minimize false-positive urinary blood reactions. © 2015 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.

Covariant spectator theory of np scattering: Deuteron quadrupole moment

DOE PAGES

Gross, Franz

2015-01-26

The deuteron quadrupole moment is calculated using two CST model wave functions obtained from the 2007 high precision fits to np scattering data. Included in the calculation are a new class of isoscalar np interaction currents automatically generated by the nuclear force model used in these fits. The prediction for model WJC-1, with larger relativistic P-state components, is 2.5% smaller that the experiential result, in common with the inability of models prior to 2014 to predict this important quantity. However, model WJC-2, with very small P-state components, gives agreement to better than 1%, similar to the results obtained recently frommore » XEFT predictions to order N 3LO.« less

Development of Rust Stripping System using High Power Laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shirakawa, Kazuomi; Ohashi, Katsuaki; Ashidate, Shuichi; Kurosawa, Kiyoshi; Nakayama, Michio; Uchida, Yutaka; Nobusada, Yuuji

The repainting cycle depends on removal of rust in maintenance of outdoor steel-frame structural facilities. However existing stripping process, which is usually made by hands with brushes, cannot strip the rust completely in maintenance of power transmission towers, for example. To solve this problem, we investigated laser fluence and pulse width for removal of rust using DPSSL (Diode Pumped Solid State Laser), and selected optimum laser supply. Then we checked the effect of laser stripping on prolongation of the repainting cycle compared with the conventional stripping process. Utilizing results of the research, we developed rust stripping system using DPSSL. From the results of field trial of rust removal operation using this system at high places of a power transmission tower, possibility of practical use of the system for the maintenance was confirmed.

High-Rate Capable Floating Strip Micromegas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bortfeldt, Jonathan; Bender, Michael; Biebel, Otmar; Danger, Helge; Flierl, Bernhard; Hertenberger, Ralf; Lösel, Philipp; Moll, Samuel; Parodi, Katia; Rinaldi, Ilaria; Ruschke, Alexander; Zibell, André

2016-04-01

We report on the optimization of discharge insensitive floating strip Micromegas (MICRO-MEsh GASeous) detectors, fit for use in high-energy muon spectrometers. The suitability of these detectors for particle tracking is shown in high-background environments and at very high particle fluxes up to 60 MHz/cm2. Measurement and simulation of the microscopic discharge behavior have demonstrated the excellent discharge tolerance. A floating strip Micromegas with an active area of 48 cm × 50 cm with 1920 copper anode strips exhibits in 120 GeV pion beams a spatial resolution of 50 μm at detection efficiencies above 95%. Pulse height, spatial resolution and detection efficiency are homogeneous over the detector. Reconstruction of particle track inclination in a single detector plane is discussed, optimum angular resolutions below 5° are observed. Systematic deviations of this μTPC-method are fully understood. The reconstruction capabilities for minimum ionizing muons are investigated in a 6.4 cm × 6.4 cm floating strip Micromegas under intense background irradiation of the whole active area with 20 MeV protons at a rate of 550 kHz. The spatial resolution for muons is not distorted by space charge effects. A 6.4 cm × 6.4 cm floating strip Micromegas doublet with low material budget is investigated in highly ionizing proton and carbon ion beams at particle rates between 2 MHz and 2 GHz. Stable operation up to the highest rates is observed, spatial resolution, detection efficiencies, the multi-hit and high-rate capability are discussed.

A design aid for determining width of filter strips

Treesearch

M.G. Dosskey; M.J. Helmers; D.E. Eisenhauer

2008-01-01

watershed planners need a tool for determining width of filter strips that is accurate enough for developing cost-effective site designs and easy enough to use for making quick determinations on a large number and variety of sites.This study employed the process-based Vegetative Filter Strip Model to evaluate the relationship between filter strip width and trapping...

Collisional stripping of planetary crusts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carter, Philip J.; Leinhardt, Zoë M.; Elliott, Tim; Stewart, Sarah T.; Walter, Michael J.

2018-02-01

Geochemical studies of planetary accretion and evolution have invoked various degrees of collisional erosion to explain differences in bulk composition between planets and chondrites. Here we undertake a full, dynamical evaluation of 'crustal stripping' during accretion and its key geochemical consequences. Crusts are expected to contain a significant fraction of planetary budgets of incompatible elements, which include the major heat producing nuclides. We present smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of collisions between differentiated rocky planetesimals and planetary embryos. We find that the crust is preferentially lost relative to the mantle during impacts, and we have developed a scaling law based on these simulations that approximates the mass of crust that remains in the largest remnant. Using this scaling law and a recent set of N-body simulations of terrestrial planet formation, we have estimated the maximum effect of crustal stripping on incompatible element abundances during the accretion of planetary embryos. We find that on average approximately one third of the initial crust is stripped from embryos as they accrete, which leads to a reduction of ∼20% in the budgets of the heat producing elements if the stripped crust does not reaccrete. Erosion of crusts can lead to non-chondritic ratios of incompatible elements, but the magnitude of this effect depends sensitively on the details of the crust-forming melting process on the planetesimals. The Lu/Hf system is fractionated for a wide range of crustal formation scenarios. Using eucrites (the products of planetesimal silicate melting, thought to represent the crust of Vesta) as a guide to the Lu/Hf of planetesimal crust partially lost during accretion, we predict the Earth could evolve to a superchondritic 176Hf/177Hf (3-5 parts per ten thousand) at present day. Such values are in keeping with compositional estimates of the bulk Earth. Stripping of planetary crusts during accretion can lead to

Deuteron flux production in a small high-voltage high-current diode with pulsed magnetic insulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shikanov, A. E.; Vovchenko, E. D.; Isaev, A. A.; Kozlovskii, K. I.; Shatokhin, V. L.

2017-06-01

The results of new studies on the production of accelerated deuteron fluxes in a small ion diode with pulsed magnetic insulation of electrons have been presented. A plasma anode of the diode has been formed under the action of a 1.06 μm laser radiation with a pulse duration of 10 ns, a pulse energy of up to 1 J, and a power density on the target of 5 × 1015 W m-2. An accelerating voltage of up to 300 kV has been created using an Arkad'ev-Marx pulsed voltage generator with a stored energy of 50 J and a repetition rate of 1 Hz. A magnetic field of higher than 0.6 T for insulating electrons has been formed by a current pulse of the first cascade of the generator in a spiral line before a conical cascade. Stable deuteron acceleration to 300 keV with a current of up to 1.5 kA and a pulse duration of 0.3 μs has been achieved.

On the relativistic field theory model of the deuteron II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanov, A. N.; Troitskaya, N. I.; Faber, M.; Oberhummer, H.

1997-02-01

The relativistic field theory model of the deuteron suggested previously is revised and applied to the calculation of the cross sections of the low-energy radiative neutron-proton capture n + p -> D + γ and the low-energy two-proton fusion p + p -> D + e+ + νc. For the low-energy radiative neutron-proton capture n + p -> D + γ our result agrees well with both experimental data and the potential model prediction. In the case of the two-proton fusion the cross section obtained is 2.9 times as much as that given by the potential approach. The obtained result is discussed in connection with the solar neutrino problem.

Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Strip for Listeria monocytogenes Detection in Food.

PubMed

Du, Xin-Jun; Zang, Yu-Xuan; Liu, Hai-Bin; Li, Ping; Wang, Shuo

2018-04-01

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogenic bacterium that causes human disease, resulting in economic losses worldwide. The current detection methods for L. monocytogenes are not well suited for direct field testing because they involve complicated, time-consuming operations. A simple, efficient method is vital for L. monocytogenes detection. In this study, we combined isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with a lateral flow (LF) strip to rapidly and reliably detect L. monocytogenes. In the presence of biotin- and digoxin-modified primers, RPA produced numerous digoxin- and biotin-attached duplex DNA products. These products were detected on an LF strip via dual immunoreactions (digoxin on the duplex DNA reacted with the anti-digoxin antibody on the gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) and the biotin on the duplex DNA captured by the streptavidin on the LF test zone). The accumulation of Au-NPs produced characteristic bands, enabling the visual detection of L. monocytogenes without instrumentation. This assay could be used to detect L. monocytogenes within 15 min, including DNA amplification with RPA for 10 min at 39 °C and visualization of the amplicons by LF strips for 5 min. Experiments confirmed a detection limit as low as 300 fg of DNA and 1.5 × 10 1 CFU in pure cultures. Furthermore, RPA-LF exhibited no cross-reactions with pathogens. Evaluation of the method with food samples indicated that the detection limit was substantially improved to 1.5 × 10° CFU for the original bacterial content in 25 g/mL samples after enrichment for 6 hr. RPA-LF can be used as a sensitive and rapid detection technique for L. monocytogenes. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) can amplify target DNA at 37 to 42 °C without a thermal cycler. Lateral flow (LF) strips are portable, cheap and easy to operate. RPA combined with LF strips to detect Listeria monocytogenes can be widely used in remote areas. © 2018 Institute of Food Technologists®.

International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility injector acceptance tests at CEA/Saclay: 140 mA/100 keV deuteron beam characterization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gobin, R., E-mail: rjgobin@cea.fr; Bogard, D.; Chauvin, N.

In the framework of the ITER broader approach, the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) deuteron accelerator (2 × 125 mA at 40 MeV) is an irradiation tool dedicated to high neutron flux production for future nuclear plant material studies. During the validation phase, the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) machine will be tested on the Rokkasho site in Japan. This demonstrator aims to produce 125 mA/9 MeV deuteron beam. Involved in the LIPAc project for several years, specialists from CEA/Saclay designed the injector based on a SILHI type ECR source operating at 2.45 GHz and a 2 solenoid lowmore » energy beam line to produce such high intensity beam. The whole injector, equipped with its dedicated diagnostics, has been then installed and tested on the Saclay site. Before shipment from Europe to Japan, acceptance tests have been performed in November 2012 with 100 keV deuteron beam and intensity as high as 140 mA in continuous and pulsed mode. In this paper, the emittance measurements done for different duty cycles and different beam intensities will be presented as well as beam species fraction analysis. Then the reinstallation in Japan and commissioning plan on site will be reported.« less

Chest tube stripping in pediatric oncology patients: an experimental study.

PubMed

Oakes, L L; Hinds, P; Rao, B; Bozeman, P; Taylor, B; Stokes, D; Fairclough, D

1993-07-01

Stripping of chest tubes to promote drainage of the thorax of postthoracotomy patients has been routine practice, based on tradition. Recent published findings indicate that significant negative pressures are generated in the tube during stripping that could cause pain, bleeding and possible damage to the patient's lung tissue. To determine whether pediatric oncology patients whose chest tubes were not stripped would differ in frequency of pain, fever or lung complications from patients who underwent routine tube stripping. Data were collected at multiple points during the first 72-hour postoperative period from 16 patients assigned to the stripped or unstripped groups. Pain was measured by the Faces Pain Scale and the Visual Analogue Scale; temperature, by electronic thermometer; and lung complications, by stethoscope and radiographs. Both groups, which were comparable for age, primary diagnosis and prior history of lung problems, received identical supportive nursing and medical care, with the physicians blind to group assignment. The two groups did not differ significantly in frequency of pain, incidence of fever, breath sounds or radiographic findings across measurement points. A strong correlation was found between the pain scores using the two instruments. Patients whose tubes were not stripped did not have an increased risk of infection or lung complications. Study findings indicated that stripping did not increase the frequency of pain. Stripping of chest tubes as a routine postoperative measure is questioned.

Guidelines for using centerline rumble strips in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

Following the wide and successful use of continuous shoulder rumble strips, many state departments of transportations (DOTs) installed centerline rumble strips (CLRS) on rural two-lane and undivided multilane highways in an effort to reduce cross-ove...

Fatigue of graphite/epoxy buffer strip panels with center cracks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bigelow, C. A.

1985-01-01

The effects of fatigue loading on the behavior of graphite/epoxy panels with either S-Glass or Kevlar-49 buffer strips is studied. Buffer strip panels are fatigued and tested in tension to measure their residual strength with crack-like damage. Panels are made with 45/0/-45/90 sub 2s layup with either S-Glass or Kevlar-49 buffer strip material. The buffer strips are parallel to the loading direction and made by replacing narrow strips of the 0-degree graphite plies with strips of either 0-degree S-Glass/epoxy or Kevlar-49/epoxy on a one-for-one basis. The panels are subjected to a fatigue loading spectrum MINITWIST, the shortened version of the standardized load program for the wing lower surface of a transport aircraft. Two levels of maximum strain are used in the spectrum with three durations of the fatigue spectrum. One group of panels is preloaded prior to the application of the fatigue cycling. The preload consists of statistically loading the spectrum in tension until the crack-tip damage zone reaches the ajacent buffer strips. After fatigue loading, all specimens are statistically loaded in tension to failure to determine their residual strengths.

Invaginated axial saphenectomy by a semirigid stripper: perforate-invaginate stripping.

PubMed

Goren, G; Yellin, A E

1994-12-01

This study was designed to evaluate a recently introduced form of stripping of primary varicose veins by the technique of perforate-invaginate (PIN) stripping. One hundred twelve consecutive limbs presenting with 91 long and 21 short saphenous varicosities displaying saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junctional escapes with varying length of greater or lesser saphenous (axial) reflux underwent operation in 1 year. All surgeries were performed in an office setting with the patient receiving locoregional anesthetic with use of the invaginated PIN stripping in conjunction with tributary hook-stab avulsion. In the 112 procedures performed, there were no tract hematomas or dysesthesias caused by nerve damage. Postoperative morbidity was nonexistent, permitting all patients to resume normal daily occupational and sporting activities immediately. PIN stripping is an excellent method of invagination stripping. There is a minimal likelihood of vein tearing. Compared with conventional ankle-to-groin (or popliteal fossa) stripping, PIN stripping is minimally invasive, does not cause damage to structures around the vein, does not require convalescence, eliminates the need for a lengthy distal second incision, can be performed in an office setting with the patient receiving locoregional anesthetic, and is most cost-efficient.

Screening for tinea unguium by Dermatophyte Test Strip.

PubMed

Tsunemi, Y; Takehara, K; Miura, Y; Nakagami, G; Sanada, H; Kawashima, M

2014-02-01

The direct microscopy, fungal culture and histopathology that are necessary for the definitive diagnosis of tinea unguium are disadvantageous in that detection sensitivity is affected by the level of skill of the person who performs the testing, and the procedures take a long time. The Dermatophyte Test Strip, which was developed recently, can simply and easily detect filamentous fungi in samples in a short time, and there are expectations for its use as a method for tinea unguium screening. With this in mind, we examined the detection capacity of the Dermatophyte Test Strip for tinea unguium. The presence or absence of fungal elements was judged by direct microscopy and Dermatophyte Test Strip in 165 nail samples obtained from residents in nursing homes for the elderly. Moreover, the minimum sample amount required for positive determination was estimated using 32 samples that showed positive results by Dermatophyte Test Strip. The Dermatophyte Test Strip showed 98% sensitivity, 78% specificity, 84·8% positive predictive value, 97% negative predictive value and a positive and negative concordance rate of 89·1%. The minimum sample amount required for positive determination was 0·002-0·722 mg. The Dermatophyte Test Strip showed very high sensitivity and negative predictive value, and was considered a potentially useful method for tinea unguium screening. Positive determination was considered to be possible with a sample amount of about 1 mg. © 2013 British Association of Dermatologists.

Laboratory testing of Alcoscan saliva-alcohol test strips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-10-01

This report describes a laboratory evaluation of Alcoscan saliva-alcohol test strips. The objectives of this work were: (1) to determine the precision and accuracy of the Alcoscan strips; and (2) to determine what effect extreme ambient temperatures ...

Nanoscale Test Strips for Multiplexed Blood Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chan, Eugene

2015-01-01

A critical component of the DNA Medicine Institute's Reusable Handheld Electrolyte and Lab Technology for Humans (rHEALTH) sensor are nanoscale test strips, or nanostrips, that enable multiplexed blood analysis. Nanostrips are conceptually similar to the standard urinalysis test strip, but the strips are shrunk down a billionfold to the microscale. Each nanostrip can have several sensor pads that fluoresce in response to different targets in a sample. The strips carry identification tags that permit differentiation of a specific panel from hundreds of other nanostrip panels during a single measurement session. In Phase I of the project, the company fabricated, tested, and demonstrated functional parathyroid hormone and vitamin D nanostrips for bone metabolism, and thrombin aptamer and immunoglobulin G antibody nanostrips. In Phase II, numerous nanostrips were developed to address key space flight-based medical needs: assessment of bone metabolism, immune response, cardiac status, liver metabolism, and lipid profiles. This unique approach holds genuine promise for space-based portable biodiagnostics and for point-of-care (POC) health monitoring and diagnostics here on Earth.

Esculin hydrolysis reaction by Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Miskin, A; Edberg, S C

1978-03-01

The literature contains variable reports concerning the hydrolysis of esculin by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and particularly Escherichia coli. We examined 113 strains of fresh clinical isolates of E. coli and assessed the ability of colonies in a population to hydrolyze esculin with and without preincubation in inducible substrates at 24, 48, and 72 h. The number of strains capable of fermenting salicin, a sugar with a beta-glucoside linkage like esculin, was studied under the same conditions. A strip test that measured the presence of the constitutive glucosidase was also performed with and without preincubation in inducible substrates. No E. coli strain was able to produce constitutive enzyme; preincubation in esculin and salicin resulted in an induction of the beta-glucosidase. The number of colonies able to hydrolyze esculin increased with time. Only those strains preincubated in esculin or salicin were able to produce a positive constitutive strip test. Because the beta-glucosidase of E. coli is inducible, one should employe, when using growth media, a light inoculum obtained by touching the top of a colony with a bacteriological wire and read the reaction between 18 and 24 h, or perform a rapid strip or spot test.

Activation cross sections of the 64Ni(d,2n) reaction for the production of the medical radionuclide 64Cu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hermanne, A.; Tárkányi, F.; Takács, S.; Kovalev, S. F.; Ignatyuk, A.

2007-05-01

Deuteron particle induced reactions for generation of 64Cu used in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine and its possible short lived contaminant 61Cu were investigated with the stacked foil activation technique on natural nickel targets up to Ed = 20.5 MeV. Excitation functions for the reactions 64Ni(d,2n) 64Cu and natNi(d, x) 61Cu are obtained by gamma spectroscopy and are compared with earlier literature values. Thick target yields have been deduced from the experimental cross sections and the predictive capability of the ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE II and GNASH model codes is tested.

Tree planting - strip-mined area in Maryland

Treesearch

Fred L. Bagley

1980-01-01

This report is written to elucidate some of the problems encountered in the planting of trees on strip-mined areas in Maryland. When problems are recognized, normally a solution (or at least, an improvement) can be instituted to alleviate the problem. The methods cited herein are those of experienced foresters engaged in strip-mine planting during the past seventeen...

The looped adhesive strip: An example of coplanar delamination interaction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bottega, W. J.

1990-01-01

The phenomenon of peeling and debonding of thin layers is a subject of interest to those concerned with adhesives, thin films, and layered materials. In recent years much attention has been focused on such problems as a result of increased interest and application of advanced composites and thin film coatings. A related problem which is of interest for its own sake but also represents a simple example of a tangled adhesive strip and of coplanar delamination interaction, is the problem of a looped adhesive strip. This is the subject of the present study. Researchers consider here the problem of an elastic strip which possesses an adherend on (at least) one of its surfaces. If the strip is deformed so that two portions of such a surface are brought into contact, a position of the strip becomes bonded and a loop is formed. Researchers are interested in determining the equilibrium configuration of such a strip and investigating the behavior of the strip when its edges are pulled apart. The problem is approached as a moving interior boundary problem in the calculus of variations with the strip modeled as an inextensible elastica and the bond strength characterized by its surface energy. A Griffith type energy criterion is employed for debonding, and solutions corresponding to the problem of interest obtained. The solution obtained will be seen to predict the interesting phenomenon of bond point propagation, as well as the more standard peeling type behavior. Numerical results demonstrating the phenomena of interest are presented as well and will be seen to reveal both stable and unstable propagation of the boundaries of the bonded portion of the strip, depending upon the loading conditions.

The water crisis in the gaza strip: prospects for resolution.

PubMed

Weinthal, E; Vengosh, A; Marei, A; Kloppmann, W

2005-01-01

Israel and the Palestinian Authority share the southern Mediterranean coastal aquifer. Long-term overexploitation in the Gaza Strip has resulted in a decreasing water table, accompanied by the degradation of its water quality. Due to high levels of salinity and nitrate and boron pollution, most of the ground water is inadequate for both domestic and agricultural consumption. The rapid rate of population growth in the Gaza Strip and dependence upon ground water as a single water source present a serious challenge for future political stability and economic development. Here, we integrate the results of geochemical studies and numerical modeling to postulate different management scenarios for joint management between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. The chemical and isotopic data show that most of the salinity phenomena in the Gaza Strip are derived from the natural flow of saline ground water from Israel toward the Gaza Strip. As a result, the southern coastal aquifer does not resemble a classic "upstream-downstream" dispute because Israel's pumping of the saline ground water reduces the salinization rates of ground water in the Gaza Strip. Simulation of different pumping scenarios using a monolayer, hydrodynamic, two-dimensional model (MARTHE) confirms the hypothesis that increasing pumping along the Gaza Strip border combined with a moderate reduction of pumping within the Gaza Strip would improve ground water quality within the Gaza Strip. We find that pumping the saline ground water for a source of reverse-osmosis desalination and then supplying the desalinated water to the Gaza Strip should be an essential component of a future joint management strategy between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.

A Preference Test for Sweet Taste That Uses Edible Strips

PubMed Central

Smutzer, Gregory; Patel, Janki Y.; Stull, Judith C.; Abarintos, Ray A.; Khan, Neiladri K.; Park, Kevin C.

2014-01-01

A novel delivery method is described for the rapid determination of taste preferences for sweet taste in humans. This forced-choice paired comparison approach incorporates the non-caloric sweetener sucralose into a set of one-inch square edible strips for the rapid determination of sweet taste preferences. When compared to aqueous sucrose solutions, significantly lower amounts of sucralose were required to identify the preference for sweet taste. The validity of this approach was determined by comparing sweet taste preferences obtained with five different sucralose-containing edible strips to a set of five intensity-matched sucrose solutions. When compared to the solution test, edible strips required approximately the same number of steps to identify the preferred amount of sweet taste stimulus. Both approaches yielded similar distribution patterns for the preferred amount of sweet taste stimulus. In addition, taste intensity values for the preferred amount of sucralose in strips were similar to that of sucrose in solution. The hedonic values for the preferred amount of sucralose were lower than for sucrose, but the taste quality of the preferred sucralose strip was described as sweet. When taste intensity values between sucralose strips and sucralose solutions containing identical amounts of taste stimulus were compared, sucralose strips produced a greater taste intensity and more positive hedonic response. A preference test that uses edible strips for stimulus delivery should be useful for identifying preferences for sweet taste in young children, and in clinical populations. This test should also be useful for identifying sweet taste preferences outside of the lab or clinic. Finally, edible strips should be useful for developing preference tests for other primary taste stimuli and for taste mixtures. PMID:24225255

Evaluation of non-freeway rumble strips - phase II.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-03-01

MDOTs rumble strip program for two-lane high speed rural highways was initiated in 2008 and : continued through 2010. This program included implementation of centerline rumble strips (CLRS) : on nearly 5,400 miles of two-lane high speed roads that...

Strip-tillage: A conservation alternative to full-width tillage systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wolkowski, Richard

2015-04-01

Historically no-till management has been a challenge for maize production in the Midwestern USA because crop residue slows the warming of the soil in the spring and can physically impair planting by plugging the planter. After trying no-till, producers often return to more aggressive tillage operations to address residue concerns; however these systems can cause soil erosion and can increase the cost of production. An alternative system known as strip-tillage has been suggested as a compromise between no-till and full-width tillage. This practice utilizes implements that loosen the soil and allow warming in the row area, yet maintain nearly as much residue as no-till. Strip-tillage is generally understood to be a single pass with a separate implement in the fall, although spring strip-tillage is possible if soil moisture and conditions permit. Strip-tillage can be accomplished in a shorter time, with lower energy and equipment inputs compared to full-width tillage. The first of two studies that examined the merits of strip-tillage was conducted the University of Wisconsin Lancaster Agricultural Research Station (42.84, -90.80). Natural runoff collectors were installed in a field having a silt loam soil with an 8% slope in fall chisel and fall strip-tillage system. The measured soil loss in a year that experienced substantial rainfall prior to canopy closure was 10.6 Mg ha-1 in chisel vs. 0.64 Mg ha-1 in strip-tillage. Soil loss was much less for both systems in the second year when early season rainfall was minimal. A second, ten year study was conducted at the University of Wisconsin Arlington Agricultural Research Station (43.30, -89.36) that compared fall strip-tillage with fall chisel/spring field cultivator and no-till systems in both a continuous maize and soybean-maize rotation. This work showed equal maize grain yield in maize after soybean when comparing chisel and strip-tillage. No-till yield was about 5 % lower. Yield in continuous maize was highest in

Measurement of deuteron spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at √{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV at the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acharya, S.; Adamová, D.; Adolfsson, J.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agnello, M.; Agrawal, N.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Aiola, S.; Akindinov, A.; Alam, S. N.; Alba, J. L. B.; Albuquerque, D. S. D.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A.; Alkin, A.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altenkamper, L.; Altsybeev, I.; Alves Garcia Prado, C.; Andrei, C.; Andreou, D.; Andrews, H. A.; Andronic, A.; Anguelov, V.; Anson, C.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antonioli, P.; Anwar, R.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arnaldi, R.; Arnold, O. W.; Arsene, I. C.; Arslandok, M.; Audurier, B.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Azmi, M. D.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Ball, M.; Baral, R. C.; Barbano, A. M.; Barbera, R.; Barile, F.; Barioglio, L.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L. S.; Barret, V.; Bartalini, P.; Barth, K.; Bartsch, E.; Basile, M.; Bastid, N.; Basu, S.; Bathen, B.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Batzing, P. C.; Bearden, I. G.; Beck, H.; Bedda, C.; Behera, N. K.; Belikov, I.; Bellini, F.; Bello Martinez, H.; Bellwied, R.; Beltran, L. G. E.; Belyaev, V.; Bencedi, G.; Beole, S.; Bercuci, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Berenyi, D.; Bertens, R. A.; Berzano, D.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhat, I. R.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattacharjee, B.; Bhom, J.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Biro, G.; Biswas, R.; Biswas, S.; Blair, J. T.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boca, G.; Bock, F.; Bogdanov, A.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bonomi, G.; Bonora, M.; Book, J.; Borel, H.; Borissov, A.; Borri, M.; Botta, E.; Bourjau, C.; Bratrud, L.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bregant, M.; Broker, T. A.; Broz, M.; Brucken, E. J.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Bufalino, S.; Buhler, P.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Butt, J. B.; Buxton, J. T.; Cabala, J.; Caffarri, D.; Caines, H.; Caliva, A.; Calvo Villar, E.; Camerini, P.; Capon, A. A.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carnesecchi, F.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castro, A. J.; Casula, E. A. R.; Ceballos Sanchez, C.; Cerello, P.; Chandra, S.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Chartier, M.; Charvet, J. L.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chauvin, A.; Cherney, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Cho, S.; Chochula, P.; Choi, K.; Chojnacki, M.; Choudhury, S.; Chowdhury, T.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chung, S. U.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Colamaria, F.; Colella, D.; Collu, A.; Colocci, M.; Concas, M.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa del Valle, Z.; Connors, M. E.; Contreras, J. G.; Cormier, T. M.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cortés Maldonado, I.; Cortese, P.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Costanza, S.; Crkovská, J.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Dahms, T.; Dainese, A.; Danisch, M. C.; Danu, A.; Das, D.; Das, I.; Das, S.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; De, S.; De Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Conti, C.; de Cuveland, J.; De Falco, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Marco, N.; De Pasquale, S.; De Souza, R. D.; Degenhardt, H. F.; Deisting, A.; Deloff, A.; Deplano, C.; Dhankher, P.; Di Bari, D.; Di Mauro, A.; Di Nezza, P.; Di Ruzza, B.; Diaz Corchero, M. A.; Dietel, T.; Dillenseger, P.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Dobrin, A.; Domenicis Gimenez, D.; Dönigus, B.; Dordic, O.; Doremalen, L. V. V.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubla, A.; Ducroux, L.; Duggal, A. K.; Dupieux, P.; Ehlers, R. J.; Elia, D.; Endress, E.; Engel, H.; Epple, E.; Erazmus, B.; Erhardt, F.; Espagnon, B.; Esumi, S.; Eulisse, G.; Eum, J.; Evans, D.; Evdokimov, S.; Fabbietti, L.; Faivre, J.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Feldkamp, L.; Feliciello, A.; Feofilov, G.; Ferencei, J.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Ferretti, A.; Festanti, A.; Feuillard, V. J. G.; Figiel, J.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Filchagin, S.; Finogeev, D.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Floris, M.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Fragiacomo, E.; Francescon, A.; Francisco, A.; Frankenfeld, U.; Fronze, G. G.; Fuchs, U.; Furget, C.; Furs, A.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A. M.; Gajdosova, K.; Gallio, M.; Galvan, C. D.; Ganoti, P.; Gao, C.; Garabatos, C.; Garcia-Solis, E.; Garg, K.; Gargiulo, C.; Gasik, P.; Gauger, E. F.; Gay Ducati, M. B.; Germain, M.; Ghosh, J.; Ghosh, P.; Ghosh, S. K.; Gianotti, P.; Giubellino, P.; Giubilato, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glässel, P.; Goméz Coral, D. M.; Gomez Ramirez, A.; Gonzalez, A. S.; Gonzalez, V.; González-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Görlich, L.; Gotovac, S.; Grabski, V.; Graczykowski, L. K.; Graham, K. L.; Greiner, L.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Grion, N.; Gronefeld, J. M.; Grosa, F.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grosso, R.; Gruber, L.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Guzman, I. B.; Haake, R.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamon, J. C.; Haque, M. R.; Harris, J. W.; Harton, A.; Hassan, H.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayashi, S.; Heckel, S. T.; Hellbär, E.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, F.; Hess, B. A.; Hetland, K. F.; Hillemanns, H.; Hills, C.; Hippolyte, B.; Hladky, J.; Hohlweger, B.; Horak, D.; Hornung, S.; Hosokawa, R.; Hristov, P.; Hughes, C.; Humanic, T. J.; Hussain, N.; Hussain, T.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Iga Buitron, S. A.; Ilkaev, R.; Inaba, M.; Ippolitov, M.; Irfan, M.; Isakov, V.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Izucheev, V.; Jacak, B.; Jacazio, N.; Jacobs, P. M.; Jadhav, M. B.; Jadlovsky, J.; Jaelani, S.; Jahnke, C.; Jakubowska, M. J.; Janik, M. A.; Jayarathna, P. H. S. Y.; Jena, C.; Jena, S.; Jercic, M.; Jimenez Bustamante, R. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jusko, A.; Kalinak, P.; Kalweit, A.; Kang, J. H.; Kaplin, V.; Kar, S.; Karasu Uysal, A.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karayan, L.; Karczmarczyk, P.; Karpechev, E.; Kebschull, U.; Keidel, R.; Keijdener, D. L. D.; Keil, M.; Ketzer, B.; Khabanova, Z.; Khan, P.; Khan, S. A.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Khatun, A.; Khuntia, A.; Kielbowicz, M. M.; Kileng, B.; Kim, B.; Kim, D.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, J.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, S.; Kim, T.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Kiss, G.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, C.; Klein, J.; Klein-Bösing, C.; Klewin, S.; Kluge, A.; Knichel, M. L.; Knospe, A. G.; Kobdaj, C.; Kofarago, M.; Kollegger, T.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Kondratyuk, E.; Konevskikh, A.; Konyushikhin, M.; Kopcik, M.; Kour, M.; Kouzinopoulos, C.; Kovalenko, O.; Kovalenko, V.; Kowalski, M.; Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, G.; Králik, I.; Kravčáková, A.; Krivda, M.; Krizek, F.; Kryshen, E.; Krzewicki, M.; Kubera, A. M.; Kučera, V.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, J.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, S.; Kundu, S.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. B.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Pointe, S. L.; La Rocca, P.; Lagana Fernandes, C.; Lai, Y. S.; Lakomov, I.; Langoy, R.; Lapidus, K.; Lara, C.; Lardeux, A.; Lattuca, A.; Laudi, E.; Lavicka, R.; Lazaridis, L.; Lea, R.; Leardini, L.; Lee, S.; Lehas, F.; Lehner, S.; Lehrbach, J.; Lemmon, R. C.; Lenti, V.; Leogrande, E.; León Monzón, I.; Lévai, P.; Li, S.; Li, X.; Lien, J.; Lietava, R.; Lim, B.; Lindal, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lindsay, S. W.; Lippmann, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Litichevskyi, V.; Ljunggren, H. M.; Llope, W. J.; Lodato, D. F.; Loenne, P. I.; Loginov, V.; Loizides, C.; Loncar, P.; Lopez, X.; López Torres, E.; Lowe, A.; Luettig, P.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Lupi, M.; Lutz, T. H.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahajan, S.; Mahmood, S. M.; Maire, A.; Majka, R. D.; Malaev, M.; Malinina, L.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Marchisone, M.; Mareš, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Margutti, J.; Marín, A.; Markert, C.; Marquard, M.; Martin, N. A.; Martinengo, P.; Martinez, J. A. L.; Martínez, M. I.; Martínez García, G.; Martinez Pedreira, M.; Mas, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masoni, A.; Masson, E.; Mastroserio, A.; Mathis, A. M.; Matyja, A.; Mayer, C.; Mazer, J.; Mazzilli, M.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Melikyan, Y.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Meninno, E.; Mercado Pérez, J.; Meres, M.; Mhlanga, S.; Miake, Y.; Mieskolainen, M. M.; Mihaylov, D.; Mihaylov, D. L.; Mikhaylov, K.; Milano, L.; Milosevic, J.; Mischke, A.; Mishra, A. N.; Miśkowiec, D.; Mitra, J.; Mitu, C. M.; Mohammadi, N.; Mohanty, B.; Mohisin Khan, M.; Montes, E.; Moreira De Godoy, D. A.; Moreno, L. A. P.; Moretto, S.; Morreale, A.; Morsch, A.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Mühlheim, D.; Muhuri, S.; Mukherjee, M.; Mulligan, J. D.; Munhoz, M. G.; Münning, K.; Munzer, R. H.; Murakami, H.; Murray, S.; Musa, L.; Musinsky, J.; Myers, C. J.; Myrcha, J. W.; Naik, B.; Nair, R.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Narayan, A.; Naru, M. U.; Natal da Luz, H.; Nattrass, C.; Navarro, S. R.; Nayak, K.; Nayak, R.; Nayak, T. K.; Nazarenko, S.; Nedosekin, A.; Negrao De Oliveira, R. A.; Nellen, L.; Nesbo, S. V.; Ng, F.; Nicassio, M.; Niculescu, M.; Niedziela, J.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikulin, S.; Nikulin, V.; Nobuhiro, A.; Noferini, F.; Nomokonov, P.; Nooren, G.; Noris, J. C. C.; Norman, J.; Nyanin, A.; Nystrand, J.; Oeschler, H.; Oh, S.; Ohlson, A.; Okubo, T.; Olah, L.; Oleniacz, J.; Oliveira Da Silva, A. C.; Oliver, M. H.; Onderwaater, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Orava, R.; Oravec, M.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Oskarsson, A.; Otwinowski, J.; Oyama, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pacik, V.; Pagano, D.; Pagano, P.; Paić, G.; Palni, P.; Pan, J.; Pandey, A. K.; Panebianco, S.; Papikyan, V.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Pareek, P.; Park, J.; Parmar, S.; Passfeld, A.; Pathak, S. P.; Paticchio, V.; Patra, R. N.; Paul, B.; Pei, H.; Peitzmann, T.; Peng, X.; Pereira, L. G.; Pereira Da Costa, H.; Peresunko, D.; Perez Lezama, E.; Peskov, V.; Pestov, Y.; Petráček, V.; Petrov, V.; Petrovici, M.; Petta, C.; Pezzi, R. P.; Piano, S.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pimentel, L. O. D. L.; Pinazza, O.; Pinsky, L.; Piyarathna, D. B.; Płoskoń, M.; Planinic, M.; Pliquett, F.; Pluta, J.; Pochybova, S.; Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Polichtchouk, B.; Poljak, N.; Poonsawat, W.; Pop, A.; Poppenborg, H.; Porteboeuf-Houssais, S.; Porter, J.; Pozdniakov, V.; Prasad, S. K.; Preghenella, R.; Prino, F.; Pruneau, C. A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Puccio, M.; Puddu, G.; Pujahari, P.; Punin, V.; Putschke, J.; Rachevski, A.; Raha, S.; Rajput, S.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramello, L.; Rami, F.; Rana, D. B.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Räsänen, S. S.; Rascanu, B. T.; Rathee, D.; Ratza, V.; Ravasenga, I.; Read, K. F.; Redlich, K.; Rehman, A.; Reichelt, P.; Reidt, F.; Ren, X.; Renfordt, R.; Reolon, A. R.; Reshetin, A.; Reygers, K.; Riabov, V.; Ricci, R. A.; Richert, T.; Richter, M.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Riggi, F.; Ristea, C.; Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M.; Røed, K.; Rogochaya, E.; Rohr, D.; Röhrich, D.; Rokita, P. S.; Ronchetti, F.; Rosas, E. D.; Rosnet, P.; Rossi, A.; Rotondi, A.; Roukoutakis, F.; Roy, A.; Roy, C.; Roy, P.; Rubio Montero, A. J.; Rueda, O. V.; Rui, R.; Rumyantsev, B.; Rustamov, A.; Ryabinkin, E.; Ryabov, Y.; Rybicki, A.; Saarinen, S.; Sadhu, S.; Sadovsky, S.; Šafařík, K.; Saha, S. K.; Sahlmuller, B.; Sahoo, B.; Sahoo, P.; Sahoo, R.; Sahoo, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Saini, J.; Sakai, S.; Saleh, M. A.; Salzwedel, J.; Sambyal, S.; Samsonov, V.; Sandoval, A.; Sarkar, D.; Sarkar, N.; Sarma, P.; Sas, M. H. P.; Scapparone, E.; Scarlassara, F.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Scheid, H. S.; Schiaua, C.; Schicker, R.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schmidt, M. O.; Schmidt, M.; Schmidt, N. V.; Schuchmann, S.; Schukraft, J.; Schutz, Y.; Schwarz, K.; Schweda, K.; Scioli, G.; Scomparin, E.; Scott, R.; Šefčík, M.; Seger, J. E.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Sekihata, D.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Senosi, K.; Senyukov, S.; Serradilla, E.; Sett, P.; Sevcenco, A.; Shabanov, A.; Shabetai, A.; Shahoyan, R.; Shaikh, W.; Shangaraev, A.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, M.; Sharma, M.; Sharma, N.; Sheikh, A. I.; Shigaki, K.; Shou, Q.; Shtejer, K.; Sibiriak, Y.; Siddhanta, S.; Sielewicz, K. M.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Silvermyr, D.; Silvestre, C.; Simatovic, G.; Simonetti, G.; Singaraju, R.; Singh, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, T.; Sitar, B.; Sitta, M.; Skaali, T. B.; Slupecki, M.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, R. J. M.; Snellman, T. W.; Song, J.; Song, M.; Soramel, F.; Sorensen, S.; Sozzi, F.; Spiriti, E.; Sputowska, I.; Srivastava, B. K.; Stachel, J.; Stan, I.; Stankus, P.; Stenlund, E.; Stocco, D.; Storetvedt, M. M.; Strmen, P.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Sugitate, T.; Suire, C.; Suleymanov, M.; Suljic, M.; Sultanov, R.; Šumbera, M.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S.; Szabo, A.; Szarka, I.; Tabassam, U.; Takahashi, J.; Tambave, G. J.; Tanaka, N.; Tarhini, M.; Tariq, M.; Tarzila, M. G.; Tauro, A.; Tejeda Muñoz, G.; Telesca, A.; Terasaki, K.; Terrevoli, C.; Teyssier, B.; Thakur, D.; Thakur, S.; Thomas, D.; Thoresen, F.; Tieulent, R.; Tikhonov, A.; Timmins, A. R.; Toia, A.; Tripathy, S.; Trogolo, S.; Trombetta, G.; Tropp, L.; Trubnikov, V.; Trzaska, W. H.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsuji, T.; Tumkin, A.; Turrisi, R.; Tveter, T. S.; Ullaland, K.; Umaka, E. N.; Uras, A.; Usai, G. L.; Utrobicic, A.; Vala, M.; Van Der Maarel, J.; Van Hoorne, J. W.; van Leeuwen, M.; Vanat, T.; Vande Vyvre, P.; Varga, D.; Vargas, A.; Vargyas, M.; Varma, R.; Vasileiou, M.; Vasiliev, A.; Vauthier, A.; Vázquez Doce, O.; Vechernin, V.; Veen, A. M.; Velure, A.; Vercellin, E.; Vergara Limón, S.; Vernet, R.; Vértesi, R.; Vickovic, L.; Vigolo, S.; Viinikainen, J.; Vilakazi, Z.; Villalobos Baillie, O.; Villatoro Tello, A.; Vinogradov, A.; Vinogradov, L.; Virgili, T.; Vislavicius, V.; Vodopyanov, A.; Völkl, M. A.; Voloshin, K.; Voloshin, S. A.; Volpe, G.; von Haller, B.; Vorobyev, I.; Voscek, D.; Vranic, D.; Vrláková, J.; Wagner, B.; Wang, H.; Wang, M.; Watanabe, D.; Watanabe, Y.; Weber, M.; Weber, S. G.; Weiser, D. F.; Wenzel, S. C.; Wessels, J. P.; Westerhoff, U.; Whitehead, A. M.; Wiechula, J.; Wikne, J.; Wilk, G.; Wilkinson, J.; Willems, G. A.; Williams, M. C. S.; Willsher, E.; Windelband, B.; Witt, W. E.; Yalcin, S.; Yamakawa, K.; Yang, P.; Yano, S.; Yin, Z.; Yokoyama, H.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yoon, J. H.; Yurchenko, V.; Zaccolo, V.; Zaman, A.; Zampolli, C.; Zanoli, H. J. C.; Zardoshti, N.; Zarochentsev, A.; Závada, P.; Zaviyalov, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, C.; Zhigareva, N.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, Y.; Zhou, Z.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, X.; Zichichi, A.; Zimmermann, A.; Zimmermann, M. B.; Zinovjev, G.; Zmeskal, J.; Zou, S.

2017-10-01

The transverse momentum (p_T ) spectra and elliptic flow coefficient (v2) of deuterons and anti-deuterons at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) are measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC in Pb-Pb collisions at √{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV. The measurement of the p_T spectra of (anti-)deuterons is done up to 8 GeV/c in 0-10% centrality class and up to 6 GeV/c in 10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes. The v2 is measured in the 0.8 < p_T < 5 GeV/c interval and in six different centrality intervals (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50%) using the scalar product technique. Measured π ^{± }, K^{± } and p+\\overline{p} transverse-momentum spectra and v2 are used to predict the deuteron p_T spectra and v2 within the Blast-Wave model. The predictions are able to reproduce the v2 coefficient in the measured p_T range and the transverse-momentum spectra for p_T > 1.8 GeV/c within the experimental uncertainties. The measurement of the coalescence parameter B_2 is performed, showing a p_T dependence in contrast with the simplest coalescence model, which fails to reproduce also the measured v2 coefficient. In addition, the coalescence parameter B_2 and the elliptic flow coefficient in the 20-40% centrality interval are compared with the AMPT model which is able, in its version without string melting, to reproduce the measured v2(p_T ) and the B_2(p_T ) trend.

Physical and mechanical properties of flakeboard reinforced with bamboo strips

Treesearch

Ge Wang; Zhehui Jiang; Chung Y. Hse; Todd F. Shupe

2009-01-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical performance of flakeboard reinforced with bamboo strips. The study investigated three different bamboo strip alignment patterns and an experimental control. All panels were tested in static bending both along parallel and perpendicular to the lengths of the bamboo strips. Internal bond...

Photodisintegration reactions for nuclear astrophysics studies at ELI-NP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matei, C.; Balabanski, D.; Filipescu, D. M.; Tesileanu, O.

2018-01-01

Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics facility will come online in Bucharest-Magurele, Romania, in 2018 and will deliver high intensity laser and brilliant gamma beams. We present the physics cases and instruments proposed at ELI-NP to measure capture reactions by means of the inverse photodisintegration reaction. We propose to study the 16O(γ, α)12C reaction using a Time Projection Chamber detector with electronic readout. Several other reactions, such as 24Mg(γ, α)20Ne and reactions on heavy nuclei relevant in the p-process, are central to stellar evolution and will be investigated with a proposed Silicon Strip Detector array and a 4π neutron detector. The status of the experimental facilities and first-day experiments will be presented in detail.

Development of a serotype colloidal gold strip using monoclonal antibody for rapid detection type Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease.

PubMed

Lin, Tong; Shao, Jun-jun; Du, Jun-zheng; Cong, Guo-zheng; Gao, Shan-dian; Chang, Huiyun

2011-09-01

In this study, we developed a rapid, one step colloid gold strip (CGS) capable of specifically detecting type Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We have produced two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to type Asia1 FMD (named 1B8 and 5E2). On the test strip, the purified 1B8 labelled with the colloidal gold was used as the detector, and the purified 5E2 and goat anti-mouse antibodies were wrapped onto nitrocellulose (NC) membranes as the test and the control line, respectively. The rapid colloidal gold stereotype diagnostic strip was housed in a plastic case. In specificity and sensitivity assay, there was no cross-reaction of the antigen with the other type of FMD and SVDV. The detection sensitivity was found to be as high as 10(-5) dilution of Asia1/JSL/05 (1 × 10(7.2)TCID(50)/50 μL). There was excellent agreement between the results obtained by CGS and reverse indirect hemagglutination assay (RIHA), and the agreement can reach to 98.75%. We developed colloidal gold strips that have good qualities and does not require specialized equipment or technicians. This method provided a feasible, convenient, rapid, and effective for detecting type Asia1 FMDV in the fields.

Simultaneous stripping recovery of ammonia-nitrogen and precipitation of manganese from electrolytic manganese residue by air under calcium oxide assist.

PubMed

Chen, Hongliang; Liu, Renlong; Shu, Jiancheng; Li, Wensheng

2015-01-01

Leaching tests of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) indicated that high contents of soluble manganese and ammonia-nitrogen posed a high environmental risk. This work reports the results of simultaneous stripping recovery of ammonia-nitrogen and precipitation of manganese by air under calcium oxide assist. The ammonia-nitrogen stripping rate increased with the dosage of CaO, the air flow rate and the temperature of EMR slurry. Stripped ammonia-nitrogen was absorbed by a solution of sulfuric acid and formed soluble (NH4)2SO4 and (NH4)3H(SO4)3. The major parameters that effected soluble manganese precipitation were the dosage of added CaO and the slurry temperature. Considering these two aspects, the efficient operation conditions should be conducted with 8 wt.% added CaO, 60°C, 800 mL min(-1) air flow rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these conditions 99.99% of the soluble manganese was precipitated as Mn3O4, which was confirmed by XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. In addition, the stripping rate of ammonia-nitrogen was 99.73%. Leaching tests showed the leached toxic substances concentrations of the treated EMR met the integrated wastewater discharge standard of China (GB8978-1996).

A preference test for sweet taste that uses edible strips.

PubMed

Smutzer, Gregory; Patel, Janki Y; Stull, Judith C; Abarintos, Ray A; Khan, Neiladri K; Park, Kevin C

2014-02-01

A novel delivery method is described for the rapid determination of taste preferences for sweet taste in humans. This forced-choice paired comparison approach incorporates the non-caloric sweetener sucralose into a set of one-inch square edible strips for the rapid determination of sweet taste preferences. When compared to aqueous sucrose solutions, significantly lower amounts of sucralose were required to identify the preference for sweet taste. The validity of this approach was determined by comparing sweet taste preferences obtained with five different sucralose-containing edible strips to a set of five intensity-matched sucrose solutions. When compared to the solution test, edible strips required approximately the same number of steps to identify the preferred amount of sweet taste stimulus. Both approaches yielded similar distribution patterns for the preferred amount of sweet taste stimulus. In addition, taste intensity values for the preferred amount of sucralose in strips were similar to that of sucrose in solution. The hedonic values for the preferred amount of sucralose were lower than for sucrose, but the taste quality of the preferred sucralose strip was described as sweet. When taste intensity values between sucralose strips and sucralose solutions containing identical amounts of taste stimulus were compared, sucralose strips produced a greater taste intensity and more positive hedonic response. A preference test that uses edible strips for stimulus delivery should be useful for identifying preferences for sweet taste in young children, and in clinical populations. This test should also be useful for identifying sweet taste preferences outside of the lab or clinic. Finally, edible strips should be useful for developing preference tests for other primary taste stimuli and for taste mixtures. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electrostatics of crossed arrays of strips.

PubMed

Danicki, Eugene

2010-07-01

The BIS-expansion method is widely applied in analysis of SAW devices. Its generalization is presented for two planar periodic systems of perfectly conducting strips arranged perpendicularly on both sides of a dielectric layer. The generalized method can be applied in the evaluation of capacitances of strips on printed circuits boards and certain microwave devices, but primarily it may help in evaluation of 2-D piezoelectric sensors and actuators, with row and column addressing their elements, and also piezoelectric bulk wave resonators.

31 CFR 356.31 - How does the STRIPS program work?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How does the STRIPS program work? 356... than Treasury inflation-protected securities or Treasury floating rate notes)—(1) Minimum par amounts required for STRIPS. The minimum par amount of a non-indexed security that may be stripped is $100. Any par...

31 CFR 356.31 - How does the STRIPS program work?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How does the STRIPS program work? 356.31 Section 356.31 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued...) Miscellaneous Provisions § 356.31 How does the STRIPS program work? (a) General. Notes or bonds may be “stripped...

Using Comic Strips as a Book Report Alternative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reading Teacher, 2012

2012-01-01

Comic strips are great to share with parents, younger students, and peers. This article presents an activity where students use a six-paneled comic strip to summarize a story. This activity allows for multiple interpretations and enhances comprehension by drawing attention to story elements.

Determination of the beam-spin asymmetry of deuteron photodisintegration in the energy region Eγ=1.1 –2.3 GeV

DOE PAGES

Zachariou, N.; Ilieva, Y.; Ivanov, N. Ya.; ...

2015-05-01

The beam-spin asymmetry, Σ, for the reaction γd→ΣΣpn has been measured using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) for six photon-energy bins, between 1.1 and 2.3 GeV, and proton angles in the center-of-mass frame, Θ c.m., between 25° and 160°. These are the first measurements of beam-spin asymmetries at Θ c.m.=90° for photon-beam energies above 1.6 GeV, and the first measurements for angles other than Θ c.m.=90°. The angular and energy dependence of Σ is expected to aid in the development of QCD-based models to understand the mechanisms of deuteron photodisintegration inmore » the transition region between hadronic and partonic degrees of freedom, where both effective field theories and perturbative QCD cannot make reliable predictions.« less

An assessment of buffer strips for improving damage tolerance of composite laminates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Poe, C. C., Jr.; Kennedy, J. M.

1980-01-01

Graphite/epoxy panels with buffer strips were tested in tension to measure their residual strength with crack-like damage. Panels were made with (45/0/-45/90)2S and (45/0/-45/0)2S layups. The buffer strips were parallel to the loading direction. They were made by replacing narrow strips of the 0 deg graphite plies with strips of either 0 deg S-Glass/epoxy or Kevlar-90/epoxy on either a one-for-one or a two-for-one basis. In a third case, 0 deg graphite/epoxy was used as the buffer material and thin, perforated Mylar strips were placed between the 0 deg plies and the cross-plies to weaken the interfaces and thus to isolate the 0 deg plies. Some panels were made with buffer strips of different width and spacings. The buffer strips arrested the cracks and increased the residual strengths significantly over those of plain laminates without buffer strips. A shear-lag type stress analysis correctly predicted the effects of layup, buffer material, buffer strip width and spacing, and the number of plies of buffer material

Electron-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering with spectator nucleon tagging and final-state interactions at intermediate x

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Strikman, Mark; Weiss, Christian

We consider electron-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) with detection of a proton in the nuclear fragmentation region ("spectator tagging") as a method for extracting the free neutron structure functions and studying their nuclear modifications. Such measurements could be performed at a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with suitable forward detectors. The measured proton recoil momentum (≲ 100 MeV in the deuteron rest frame) specifies the deuteron configuration during the high-energy process and permits a controlled theoretical treatment of nuclear effects. Nuclear and nucleonic structure are separated using methods of light-front quantum mechanics. The impulse approximation (IA) to the tagged DIS cross sectionmore » contains the free neutron pole, which can be reached by on-shell extrapolation in the recoil momentum. Final-state interactions (FSI) distort the recoil momentum distribution away from the pole. In the intermediate-x region 0.1 < x < 0.5 FSI arise predominantly from interactions of the spectator proton with slow hadrons produced in the DIS process on the neutron (rest frame momenta ≲1 GeV, target fragmentation region). We construct a schematic model describing this effect, using final-state hadron distributions measured in nucleon DIS experiments and low-energy hadron scattering amplitudes. We investigate the magnitude of FSI, their dependence on the recoil momentum (angular dependence, forward/backward regions), their analytic properties, and their effect on the on-shell extrapolation. We comment on the prospects for neutron structure extraction in tagged DIS with EIC. Finally, we discuss possible extensions of the FSI model to other kinematic regions (large/small x). In tagged DIS at x << 0.1 FSI resulting from diffractive scattering on the nucleons become important and require separate treatment.« less

Electron-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering with spectator nucleon tagging and final-state interactions at intermediate x

DOE PAGES

Strikman, Mark; Weiss, Christian

2018-03-27

We consider electron-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) with detection of a proton in the nuclear fragmentation region ("spectator tagging") as a method for extracting the free neutron structure functions and studying their nuclear modifications. Such measurements could be performed at a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with suitable forward detectors. The measured proton recoil momentum (≲ 100 MeV in the deuteron rest frame) specifies the deuteron configuration during the high-energy process and permits a controlled theoretical treatment of nuclear effects. Nuclear and nucleonic structure are separated using methods of light-front quantum mechanics. The impulse approximation (IA) to the tagged DIS cross sectionmore » contains the free neutron pole, which can be reached by on-shell extrapolation in the recoil momentum. Final-state interactions (FSI) distort the recoil momentum distribution away from the pole. In the intermediate-x region 0.1 < x < 0.5 FSI arise predominantly from interactions of the spectator proton with slow hadrons produced in the DIS process on the neutron (rest frame momenta ≲1 GeV, target fragmentation region). We construct a schematic model describing this effect, using final-state hadron distributions measured in nucleon DIS experiments and low-energy hadron scattering amplitudes. We investigate the magnitude of FSI, their dependence on the recoil momentum (angular dependence, forward/backward regions), their analytic properties, and their effect on the on-shell extrapolation. We comment on the prospects for neutron structure extraction in tagged DIS with EIC. Finally, we discuss possible extensions of the FSI model to other kinematic regions (large/small x). In tagged DIS at x << 0.1 FSI resulting from diffractive scattering on the nucleons become important and require separate treatment.« less

Electron-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering with spectator nucleon tagging and final-state interactions at intermediate x

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strikman, M.; Weiss, C.

2018-03-01

We consider electron-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) with detection of a proton in the nuclear fragmentation region ("spectator tagging") as a method for extracting the free neutron structure functions and studying their nuclear modifications. Such measurements could be performed at a future electron-ion collider (EIC) with suitable forward detectors. The measured proton recoil momentum (≲100 MeV in the deuteron rest frame) specifies the deuteron configuration during the high-energy process and permits a controlled theoretical treatment of nuclear effects. Nuclear and nucleonic structure are separated using methods of light-front quantum mechanics. The impulse approximation to the tagged DIS cross section contains the free neutron pole, which can be reached by on-shell extrapolation in the recoil momentum. Final-state interactions (FSIs) distort the recoil momentum distribution away from the pole. In the intermediate-x region 0.1

Wide field strip-imaging optical system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaughan, Arthur H. (Inventor)

1994-01-01

A strip imaging wide angle optical system is provided. The optical system is provided with a 'virtual' material stop to avoid aberrational effects inherent in wide angle optical systems. The optical system includes a spherical mirror section for receiving light from a 180-degree strip or arc of a target image. Light received by the spherical mirror section is reflected to a frusto-conical mirror section for subsequent rereflection to a row of optical fibers. Each optical fiber transmits a portion of the received light to a detector. The optical system exploits the narrow cone of acceptance associated with optical fibers to substantially eliminate vignetting effects inherent in wide-angle systems. Further, the optical system exploits the narrow cone of acceptance of the optical fibers to substantially limit spherical aberration. The optical system is ideally suited for any application wherein a 180-degree strip image need be detected, and is particularly well adapted for use in hostile environments such as in planetary exploration.

The impact of strip clearcutting on red oak seedling development

Treesearch

Jamie L. Schuler; Michael Boyce; Gary W. Miller

2017-01-01

A mature upland yellow-poplar/red oak stand was harvested using an alternating strip clearcut method. Red oak seedlings were planted across a light gradient between the cut and residual strips to assess the potential ability of the residual strips to foster the development of competitive oak seedlings over time. After one growing season, no differences in seedling...

Enhanced absorption of graphene strips with a multilayer subwavelength grating structure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, Jin-Hua; Huang, Yong-Qing, E-mail: yqhuang@bupt.edu.cn; Duan, Xiao-Feng

2014-12-01

The optical absorption of graphene strips covered on a multilayer subwavelength grating (MSG) surface is theoretically investigated. The absorption of graphene strips with MSG is enhanced in the wavelength range of 1500 nm to 1600 nm by critical coupling, which is associated with the combined effects of a guided resonance of MSG and its photonic band gap effect. The critical coupling of the graphene strips can be controlled by adjusting the incident angle without changing the structural parameters of MSG. The absorption of graphene strips can also be tuned by varying key parameters, such as grating period, strip width, and incident angle.

7 CFR 29.6128 - Straight Stripped (X Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Straight Stripped (X Group). 29.6128 Section 29.6128 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.6128 Straight Stripped (X Group). This group consists of...

7 CFR 29.6128 - Straight Stripped (X Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Straight Stripped (X Group). 29.6128 Section 29.6128 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.6128 Straight Stripped (X Group). This group consists of...

7 CFR 29.6128 - Straight Stripped (X Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Straight Stripped (X Group). 29.6128 Section 29.6128 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.6128 Straight Stripped (X Group). This group consists of...

7 CFR 29.6128 - Straight Stripped (X Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Straight Stripped (X Group). 29.6128 Section 29.6128 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.6128 Straight Stripped (X Group). This group consists of...

7 CFR 29.6128 - Straight Stripped (X Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Straight Stripped (X Group). 29.6128 Section 29.6128 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.6128 Straight Stripped (X Group). This group consists of...

Magnetic-Force-Assisted Straightening of Bent Mild Steel Strip by Laser Irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dutta, Polash P.; Kalita, Karuna; Dixit, Uday S.; Liao, Hengcheng

2017-12-01

This study proposes a technique to straighten bent metallic strips with magnetic-force-assisted laser irradiation. Experiments were conducted for three different types of mechanically-bent mild strips. The first type was bent strips without any heat treatment. The second type was stress-relieved and third type was subcritical-annealed bent strips. These strips were straightened following different schemes of laser irradiation sequence to understand the performance of straightening. A parametric study was conducted by varying laser power and scanning speed. Micro-hardness, tensile test, Charpy impact test and microstructure after straightening were also studied. Different scanning schemes provided different microstructures and mechanical properties. Any serious deterioration in the quality of straightened strips was not noticed. Overall, subcritical-annealed bent strips provided the best performance in straightening. The proposed straightening scheme has potential of becoming an industrial practice.

Evaluation of anatomy comic strips for further production and applications

PubMed Central

Shin, Dong Sun; Kim, Dae Hyun; Park, Jin Seo; Jang, Hae Gwon

2013-01-01

The corresponding author of the study has been sketching comic strips to explain anatomy in a humorous manner. All the anatomy comic strips, including those in Korean (650 episodes) and English (451 episodes), can be viewed on the homepage (http://anatomy.co.kr). Such comic strips were created with the aim of assisting medical students. However, their impact was unknown, and therefore, we surveyed the students' responses. We noted that anatomy grades were better in the students who read the comic strips. The comics helped the trainees chat with individuals with and without a medical background. The authors also considered comments on the problems with the comic strips and attempted to find solutions. The episodes are being currently used and further produced for educational purposes. To support this effort, the readers' valuable opinions will be continuously collected and assessed. PMID:24179697

Evaluation of anatomy comic strips for further production and applications.

PubMed

Shin, Dong Sun; Kim, Dae Hyun; Park, Jin Seo; Jang, Hae Gwon; Chung, Min Suk

2013-09-01

The corresponding author of the study has been sketching comic strips to explain anatomy in a humorous manner. All the anatomy comic strips, including those in Korean (650 episodes) and English (451 episodes), can be viewed on the homepage (http://anatomy.co.kr). Such comic strips were created with the aim of assisting medical students. However, their impact was unknown, and therefore, we surveyed the students' responses. We noted that anatomy grades were better in the students who read the comic strips. The comics helped the trainees chat with individuals with and without a medical background. The authors also considered comments on the problems with the comic strips and attempted to find solutions. The episodes are being currently used and further produced for educational purposes. To support this effort, the readers' valuable opinions will be continuously collected and assessed.

Synthesizing 3D Surfaces from Parameterized Strip Charts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Peter I.; Gomez, Julian; Morehouse, Michael; Gawdiak, Yuri

2004-01-01

We believe 3D information visualization has the power to unlock new levels of productivity in the monitoring and control of complex processes. Our goal is to provide visual methods to allow for rapid human insight into systems consisting of thousands to millions of parameters. We explore this hypothesis in two complex domains: NASA program management and NASA International Space Station (ISS) spacecraft computer operations. We seek to extend a common form of visualization called the strip chart from 2D to 3D. A strip chart can display the time series progression of a parameter and allows for trends and events to be identified. Strip charts can be overlayed when multiple parameters need to visualized in order to correlate their events. When many parameters are involved, the direct overlaying of strip charts can become confusing and may not fully utilize the graphing area to convey the relationships between the parameters. We provide a solution to this problem by generating 3D surfaces from parameterized strip charts. The 3D surface utilizes significantly more screen area to illustrate the differences in the parameters and the overlayed strip charts, and it can rapidly be scanned by humans to gain insight. The selection of the third dimension must be a parallel or parameterized homogenous resource in the target domain, defined using a finite, ordered, enumerated type, and not a heterogeneous type. We demonstrate our concepts with examples from the NASA program management domain (assessing the state of many plans) and the computers of the ISS (assessing the state of many computers). We identify 2D strip charts in each domain and show how to construct the corresponding 3D surfaces. The user can navigate the surface, zooming in on regions of interest, setting a mark and drilling down to source documents from which the data points have been derived. We close by discussing design issues, related work, and implementation challenges.

Online aptitude automatic surface quality inspection system for hot rolled strips steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Jin; Xie, Zhi-jiang; Wang, Xue; Sun, Nan-Nan

2005-12-01

Defects on the surface of hot rolled steel strips are main factors to evaluate quality of steel strips, an improved image recognition algorithm are used to extract the feature of Defects on the surface of steel strips. Base on the Machine vision and Artificial Neural Networks, establish a defect recognition method to select defect on the surface of steel strips. Base on these research. A surface inspection system and advanced algorithms for image processing to hot rolled strips is developed. Preparing two different fashion to lighting, adopting line blast vidicon of CCD on the surface steel strips on-line. Opening up capacity-diagnose-system with level the surface of steel strips on line, toward the above and undersurface of steel strips with ferric oxide, injure, stamp etc of defects on the surface to analyze and estimate. Miscarriage of justice and alternate of justice rate not preponderate over 5%.Geting hold of applications on some big enterprises of steel at home. Experiment proved that this measure is feasible and effective.

Refuges, flower strips, biodiversity and agronomic interest.

PubMed

Roy, Grégory; Wateau, Karine; Legrand, Mickaël; Oste, Sandrine

2008-01-01

Several arthropods are natural predators of pests, and they are able to reduce and control their population development. FREDON Nord Pas-de-Calais (Federation Regionate de Defense contre les Organismes Nuisibles = Regional Federation for Pest Control) has begun for a long time to form farmers to the recognition of beneficial arthropods and to show them their usefulness. These beneficial insects or arachnids are present everywhere, in orchards and even in fields which are areas relatively poor in biodiversity. Adults feed in the flower strips instead larvae and some adults feed on preys such as aphids or caterpillars. Most of the time, beneficial insects can regulate pest but sometimes, in agricultural area, they can't make it early enough and efficiently. Their action begin too late and there biodiversity and number are too low. It's possible to enhance their action by manipulating the ecological infrastructures, like sewing flower strips or installing refuges. Flower strips increase the density of natural enemies and make them be present earlier in the field in order to control pests. Refuges permit beneficial's to spend winter on the spot. So they're able to be active and to grow in number earlier. From 2004 to 2007, on the one hand, FREDON Nord Pas-de-Calais has developed a research program. Its purpose was to inventory practices and also tools and means available and to judge the advisability of using such or such beneficial refuge in orchards. On the second hand, it studied the impact in orchard of refuges on population of beneficial's and the difference there were between manufactured refuges and homemade refuges. Interesting prospects were obtained with some of them. Otherwise, since 2003, FREDON has studied flower strips influence on beneficial population and their impact on pest control. In cabbage fields, results of trials have shown that flower strips lead to a reduction of aphid number under acceptable economic level, up to 50 meters from flower strips

Light-curve and spectral properties of ultra-stripped core-collapse supernovae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moriya, Takashi J.

2017-11-01

We discuss light-curve and spectral properties of ultra-stripped core-collapse supernovae. Ultra-stripped supernovae are supernovae with ejecta masses of only ~0.1M ⊙ whose progenitors lose their envelopes due to binary interactions with their compact companion stars. We follow the evolution of an ultra-stripped supernova progenitor until core collapse and perform explosive nucleosynthesis calculations. We then synthesize light curves and spectra of ultra-stripped supernovae based on the nucleosynthesis results. We show that ultra-stripped supernovae synthesize ~0.01M ⊙ of the radioactive 56Ni, and their typical peak luminosity is around 1042 erg s-1 or -16 mag. Their typical rise time is 5 - 10 days. By comparing synthesized and observed spectra, we find that SN 2005ek and some of so-called calcium-rich gap transients like PTF10iuv may be related to ultra-stripped supernovae.

Gated strip proportional detector

DOEpatents

Morris, C.L.; Idzorek, G.C.; Atencio, L.G.

1985-02-19

A gated strip proportional detector includes a gas tight chamber which encloses a solid ground plane, a wire anode plane, a wire gating plane, and a multiconductor cathode plane. The anode plane amplifies the amount of charge deposited in the chamber by a factor of up to 10/sup 6/. The gating plane allows only charge within a narrow strip to reach the cathode. The cathode plane collects the charge allowed to pass through the gating plane on a set of conductors perpendicular to the open-gated region. By scanning the open-gated region across the chamber and reading out the charge collected on the cathode conductors after a suitable integration time for each location of the gate, a two-dimensional image of the intensity of the ionizing radiation incident on the detector can be made.

Gated strip proportional detector

DOEpatents

Morris, Christopher L.; Idzorek, George C.; Atencio, Leroy G.

1987-01-01

A gated strip proportional detector includes a gas tight chamber which encloses a solid ground plane, a wire anode plane, a wire gating plane, and a multiconductor cathode plane. The anode plane amplifies the amount of charge deposited in the chamber by a factor of up to 10.sup.6. The gating plane allows only charge within a narrow strip to reach the cathode. The cathode plane collects the charge allowed to pass through the gating plane on a set of conductors perpendicular to the open-gated region. By scanning the open-gated region across the chamber and reading out the charge collected on the cathode conductors after a suitable integration time for each location of the gate, a two-dimensional image of the intensity of the ionizing radiation incident on the detector can be made.

Development of a one-step immunochromatographic strip test using gold nanoparticles for the rapid detection of Salmonella typhi in human serum.

PubMed

Preechakasedkit, Pattarachaya; Pinwattana, Kulwadee; Dungchai, Wijitar; Siangproh, Weena; Chaicumpa, Wanpen; Tongtawe, Pongsri; Chailapakul, Orawon

2012-01-15

An immunochromatographic strip test using gold nanoparticles was developed for the rapid detection of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) in human serum. The strip test based on the principle of sandwich immunoassay by the specific binding of antigens from S. typhi O901 and antibody of S. typhi O901 on a nitrocellulose membrane. Antibody-gold nanoparticle conjugate was used as the label and was coated onto a glass fiber membrane, which was used as a conjugate pad. To create a test and control zone, antibody of S. typhi O901 and an anti-IgG were dotted on the nitrocellulose membrane, respectively. Positive samples were displayed as red dots at the test and control zones of the nitrocellulose membrane, while negative samples resulted in a red dot only in the control zone. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1.14×10(5) cfu mL(-1), which could be visually detected by the naked eye within 15 min. This strip test provided a lower detection limit and analysis time than a dot blot immunoassay (8.88×10(6) cfu mL(-1) for LOD and 110 min for reaction time). In addition, our immunochromatographic strip test was employed to detect S. typhi in human serum effectively, with high accuracy. This strip test offers great promise for a rapid, simple and low-cost analysis of S. typhi. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ultra-stripped supernovae: progenitors and fate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tauris, Thomas M.; Langer, Norbert; Podsiadlowski, Philipp

2015-08-01

The explosion of ultra-stripped stars in close binaries can lead to ejecta masses <0.1 M⊙ and may explain some of the recent discoveries of weak and fast optical transients. In Tauris et al., it was demonstrated that helium star companions to neutron stars (NSs) may experience mass transfer and evolve into naked ˜1.5 M⊙ metal cores, barely above the Chandrasekhar mass limit. Here, we elaborate on this work and present a systematic investigation of the progenitor evolution leading to ultra-stripped supernovae (SNe). In particular, we examine the binary parameter space leading to electron-capture (EC SNe) and iron core-collapse SNe (Fe CCSNe), respectively, and determine the amount of helium ejected with applications to their observational classification as Type Ib or Type Ic. We mainly evolve systems where the SN progenitors are helium star donors of initial mass MHe = 2.5-3.5 M⊙ in tight binaries with orbital periods of Porb = 0.06-2.0 d, and hosting an accreting NS, but we also discuss the evolution of wider systems and of both more massive and lighter - as well as single - helium stars. In some cases, we are able to follow the evolution until the onset of silicon burning, just a few days prior to the SN explosion. We find that ultra-stripped SNe are possible for both EC SNe and Fe CCSNe. EC SNe only occur for MHe = 2.60-2.95 M⊙ depending on Porb. The general outcome, however, is an Fe CCSN above this mass interval and an ONeMg or CO white dwarf for smaller masses. For the exploding stars, the amount of helium ejected is correlated with Porb - the tightest systems even having donors being stripped down to envelopes of less than 0.01 M⊙. We estimate the rise time of ultra-stripped SNe to be in the range 12 h-8 d, and light-curve decay times between 1 and 50 d. A number of fitting formulae for our models are provided with applications to population synthesis. Ultra-stripped SNe may produce NSs in the mass range 1.10-1.80 M⊙ and are highly relevant for

Effect of pH Test-Strip Characteristics on Accuracy of Readings.

PubMed

Metheny, Norma A; Gunn, Emily M; Rubbelke, Cynthia S; Quillen, Terrilynn Fox; Ezekiel, Uthayashanker R; Meert, Kathleen L

2017-06-01

Little is known about characteristics of colorimetric pH test strips that are most likely to be associated with accurate interpretations in clinical situations. To compare the accuracy of 4 pH test strips with varying characteristics (ie, multiple vs single colorimetric squares per calibration, and differing calibration units [1.0 vs 0.5]). A convenience sample of 100 upper-level nursing students with normal color vision was recruited to evaluate the accuracy of the test strips. Six buffer solutions (pH range, 3.0 to 6.0) were used during the testing procedure. Each of the 100 participants performed 20 pH tests in random order, providing a total of 2000 readings. The sensitivity and specificity of each test strip was computed. In addition, the degree to which the test strips under- or overestimated the pH values was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Our criterion for correct readings was an exact match with the pH buffer solution being evaluated. Although none of the test strips evaluated in our study was 100% accurate at all of the measured pH values, those with multiple squares per pH calibration were clearly superior overall to those with a single test square. Test strips with multiple squares per calibration were associated with greater overall accuracy than test strips with a single square per calibration. However, because variable degrees of error were observed in all of the test strips, use of a pH meter is recommended when precise readings are crucial. ©2017 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.

Study of the 28Si(d,α)26Al Nuclear Reaction at Low Energies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Araujo-Escalona, Victoria; Acosta, L.; Andrade, E.; Barrón-Palos, L.; de Lucio, O.; Favela, F.; Huerta, A.; Lopez, E.; Rita, P. Santa; Solis, C.; Chávez, E.

26Al is known as a γ-ray emitter in the universe. Since its half-life is only 0.72 My it's the obvious evidence of ongoing nucleosynthesis. This isotope is also known as an origin of an abundance-anomaly of 26Mg observed in meteorites. There is also 26Al production on Earth due to the continuous cosmic ray bombardment. Therefore, a precise knowledge of the production rates for 26Al are needed. In this paper, we present a progress report on our measurements of the 28Si(d,α)26Al nuclear reaction. The experimental protocol consists of three steps: i) target preparation, ii) deuteron irradiations and iii) 26Al off line counting using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). Due to accelerator failure, deuteron irradiations had to be interrupted and the number or 26Al produced was insufficient to extract cross sections as expected. In step (ii), given our special geometry requirements we ended up facing the old problem of a goat tethered inside a circular field, which we turned into a tool to fine-tune the beam-target alignment in the micron range.

Electrode/Dielectric Strip For High-Energy-Density Capacitor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yen, Shiao-Ping S.

1994-01-01

Improved unitary electrode/dielectric strip serves as winding in high-energy-density capacitor in pulsed power supply. Offers combination of qualities essential for high energy density: high permittivity of dielectric layers, thinness, and high resistance to breakdown of dielectric at high electric fields. Capacitors with strip material not impregnated with liquid.

Validity of HydraTrend reagent strips for the assessment of hydration status.

PubMed

Abbey, Bryce M; Heelan, Kate A; Brown, Gregory A; Bartee, Rodrick T

2014-09-01

Hydration is used by athletic governing organizations for weight class eligibility. The measurement of urine specific gravity (USG) as a measure of hydration by reagent strips is a controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of HydraTrend reagent strips that facilitate the correction of USG for alkaline urine samples against refractometry for the assessment of USG. Fifty-one participants (33 males, age = 22.3 ± 1.3 years; 18 females, age = 22.4 ± 1.2 years) provided 84 urine samples. The samples were tested for USG using refractometry and reagent strips and for pH using reagent strips and a digital pH meter. Strong correlation coefficients were found between refractometry and reagent strips for USG (rs(82) = 0.812, p < 0.01) and between reagent strips and pH meter for pH (rs(82) = 0.939, p < 0.01). It was observed that false negative results for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) requirements (fail refractometry with USG >1.020, pass reagent strips with USG ≤1.020) occurred 39% (33/84) of the time and false negative results for National Federation of State High School Association (NFHS) requirements (fail refractometry with USG >1.025, pass reagent strips with USG ≤1.025) occurred 14% (12/84) of the time. There were no false positives (pass refractometry and fail reagent strips) for NCAA or NFHS requirements. These data show that refractometry and reagent strips have strong positive correlations. However, the risk of a false negative result leading to incorrect certification of euhydration status outweighs the benefits of the HydraTrend reagent strips for the measurement of USG.

Elastic rubber strips to heal large wounds of the body wall.

PubMed

Petroianu, Andy

2013-12-01

Closure of large wounds is a difficult surgical challenge. This article reports on the effective closure of large surgical wounds using elastic rubber strips. One to 3 circular elastic rubber strips were sutured by applying moderate tension to the opposite edges of 30 large wounds in 28 patients. The strips were sutured in a successive "X" fashion by crossing one over the other. These rubber strips were replaced when they ruptured or after their tension had reduced because of the closure of the wounds. Complete closure of the wounds was achieved with no further need for any surgical procedure or device. One patient with laparostomy and colostomy presented with difficulty on adapting the colostomic bag, and the rubber strips were removed. The rubber strip had little effect on a large wound of the skull. In the late postoperative follow-up, 3 of the 15 closed laparostomies developed incisional hernias, and all these patients were subjected to hernioplasties with good results. The use of circular elastic rubber strips maintained at moderate tension is a simple, effective, and inexpensive surgical option for healing large wounds. It is readily available at any hospital and requires no extensive surgical experience.

Advancing the Theory of Nuclear Reactions with Rare Isotopes. From the Laboratory to the Cosmos

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nunes, Filomena

2015-06-01

The mission of the Topical Collaboration on the Theory of Reactions for Unstable iSotopes (TORUS) was to develop new methods to advance nuclear reaction theory for unstable isotopes—particularly the (d,p) reaction in which a deuteron, composed of a proton and a neutron, transfers its neutron to an unstable nucleus. After benchmarking the state-of-the-art theories, the TORUS collaboration found that there were no exact methods to study (d,p) reactions involving heavy targets; the difficulty arising from the long-range nature of the well known, yet subtle, Coulomb force. To overcome this challenge, the TORUS collaboration developed a new theory where the complexitymore » of treating the long-range Coulomb interaction is shifted to the calculation of so-called form-factors. An efficient implementation for the computation of these form factors was a major achievement of the TORUS collaboration. All the new machinery developed are essential ingredients to analyse (d,p) reactions involving heavy nuclei relevant for astrophysics, energy production, and stockpile stewardship.« less

Novel strip-cast Mg/Al clad sheets with excellent tensile and interfacial bonding properties

PubMed Central

Kim, Jung-Su; Lee, Dong Ho; Jung, Seung-Pill; Lee, Kwang Seok; Kim, Ki Jong; Kim, Hyoung Seop; Lee, Byeong-Joo; Chang, Young Won; Yuh, Junhan; Lee, Sunghak

2016-01-01

In order to broaden industrial applications of Mg alloys, as lightest-weight metal alloys in practical uses, many efforts have been dedicated to manufacture various clad sheets which can complement inherent shortcomings of Mg alloys. Here, we present a new fabrication method of Mg/Al clad sheets by bonding thin Al alloy sheet on to Mg alloy melt during strip casting. In the as-strip-cast Mg/Al clad sheet, homogeneously distributed equi-axed dendrites existed in the Mg alloy side, and two types of thin reaction layers, i.e., γ (Mg17Al12) and β (Mg2Al3) phases, were formed along the Mg/Al interface. After post-treatments (homogenization, warm rolling, and annealing), the interfacial layers were deformed in a sawtooth shape by forming deformation bands in the Mg alloy and interfacial layers, which favorably led to dramatic improvement in tensile and interfacial bonding properties. This work presents new applications to multi-functional lightweight alloy sheets requiring excellent formability, surface quality, and corrosion resistance as well as tensile and interfacial bonding properties. PMID:27245687

Novel strip-cast Mg/Al clad sheets with excellent tensile and interfacial bonding properties.

PubMed

Kim, Jung-Su; Lee, Dong Ho; Jung, Seung-Pill; Lee, Kwang Seok; Kim, Ki Jong; Kim, Hyoung Seop; Lee, Byeong-Joo; Chang, Young Won; Yuh, Junhan; Lee, Sunghak

2016-06-01

In order to broaden industrial applications of Mg alloys, as lightest-weight metal alloys in practical uses, many efforts have been dedicated to manufacture various clad sheets which can complement inherent shortcomings of Mg alloys. Here, we present a new fabrication method of Mg/Al clad sheets by bonding thin Al alloy sheet on to Mg alloy melt during strip casting. In the as-strip-cast Mg/Al clad sheet, homogeneously distributed equi-axed dendrites existed in the Mg alloy side, and two types of thin reaction layers, i.e., γ (Mg17Al12) and β (Mg2Al3) phases, were formed along the Mg/Al interface. After post-treatments (homogenization, warm rolling, and annealing), the interfacial layers were deformed in a sawtooth shape by forming deformation bands in the Mg alloy and interfacial layers, which favorably led to dramatic improvement in tensile and interfacial bonding properties. This work presents new applications to multi-functional lightweight alloy sheets requiring excellent formability, surface quality, and corrosion resistance as well as tensile and interfacial bonding properties.

Developing the (d,p γ) reaction as a surrogate for (n, γ) in inverse kinematics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lepailleur, Alexandre; Baugher, Travis; Cizewski, Jolie; Ratkiewicz, Andrew; Walter, David; Pain, Steven; Smith, Karl; Garland, Heather; Goddess Collaboration

2016-09-01

The r-process that proceeds via (n, γ) reactions on neutron-rich nuclei is responsible for the synthesis of about half of the elements heavier than iron. Because (n, γ) measurements on short-lived isotopes are not possible, the (d,p γ) reaction is being investigated as a surrogate for (n, γ). Of particular importance is validating a surrogate in inverse kinematics. Therefore, the 95Mo(d,p γ) reaction was measured in inverse kinematics with stable beams from ATLAS and CD2 targets. Reaction protons were measured in coincidence with gamma rays with GODDESS - Gammasphere ORRUBA: Dual Detectors for Experimental Structure Studies. The Oak Ridge Rutgers University Barrel Array (ORRUBA) of position-sensitive silicon strip detectors was augmented with annular arrays of segmented strip detectors at backward and forward angles, resulting in a high-angular coverage for light ejectiles. Preliminary results from the 95Mo(d,p γ) study will be presented. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation.

Grain size control of rhenium strip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schuster, Gary B.

1991-01-01

Ensuring the desired grain size in the pure Re strip employed by the SP-100 space nuclear reactor design entails the establishment of an initial grain size in the as-received strip and the avoidance of excessive grain growth during subsequent fabrication. Pure Re tapered tensile specimens have been fabricated and tested in order to quantify the effects of grain-boundary migration. Grain size could be rendered fine and uniform by means of a rolling procedure that uses rather large reductions between short intermediate anneals. The critical strain regime varies inversely with annealing temperature.

In-depth survey report: Assisting furniture strippers in reducing the risk from methylene chloride stripping formulations at Los Angeles Stripping and Refinishing Center, Los Angeles, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Estill, C.F.; Kovein, R.J.; Jones, J.H.

1999-03-26

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is currently conducting research on ventilation controls to reduce furniture stripping exposures to methylene chloride to the OSHA PEL of 25 ppm. Low cost ventilation systems were designed by NIOSH researchers along with Benny Bixenman of Benco Sales, Inc. (Forney, TX). The controls were constructed and installed by Benco Sales. This report compares the methylene chloride levels of one worker stripping furniture using the recently installed ventilation controls and using the existing controls. During the survey, two different chemical stripping solutions (a standard formulation and a low methylene chloride content formulation)more » were used and compared. This survey tested three control combinations: (1) new ventilation, low methylene chloride stripper, (2) new ventilation, standard stripping solution, and (3) old ventilation, standard stripping solution. During each test, sorbent tube sampling and real-time sampling were employed. Sorbent tube, data collected in the worker's breathing zone, ranged from 300 to 387 ppm. Real-time data showed breathing zone exposures to range from 211 to 383 ppm while stripping and 164 to 230 ppm while rinsing. Data were inconclusive to determine which ventilation system or stripping solution produced the lowest exposures. Recommendations are made in the report to improve the newly installed ventilation controls.« less

The Vertex on a Strip

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kashani-Poor, A.

2004-11-03

We demonstrate that for a broad class of local Calabi-Yau geometries built around a string of IP{sup 1}s--those whose toric diagrams are given by triangulations of a strip--we can derive simple rules, based on the topological vertex, for obtaining expressions for the topological string partition function in which the sums over Young tableaux have been performed. By allowing non-trivial tableaux on the external legs of the corresponding web diagrams, these strips can be used as building blocks for more general geometries. As applications of our result, we study the behavior of topological string amplitudes under flops, as well as checkmore » Nekrasov's conjecture in its most general form.« less

FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS: Waveguide characteristics of real optical strip waveguides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shmal'ko, A. V.; Frolov, V. V.

1990-01-01

A study is reported of the influence of the parameters of real thin-film optical strip waveguides on their waveguide characteristics (propagation constants, localization of the mode field, etc.) allowing for the presence of transition layers in a transverse cross section of the base planar waveguide, for the real geometry of this section (which is nearly trapezoidal), and for the thickness of the guiding strip. Analytic expressions are obtained for the optical confinement coefficient and the effective mode format of a weakly guiding symmetric strip waveguide. It is shown that the coefficient representing the fundamental E11x(y) mode is practically independent of the relative thickness t /h (h is the thickness of the base planar waveguide) of the guiding strip provided t /h>=0.5. The corrections to the normalized effective refractive indices of the base planar and strip waveguides are found in order to allow for the real geometry and for the refractive index profile in the strip waveguide.

Development of a Paper Strip Test for Detection of Niacin Produced by Mycobacteria

PubMed Central

Young, William D.; Maslansky, Alvin; Lefar, Morton S.; Kronish, Donald P.

1970-01-01

The development of a reagent-impregnated paper strip test for niacin is described. The test system is based on the formation of cyanogen chloride by the reaction of chloramine-T and potassium thiocyanate in the presence of citric acid. Rupture of the pyridine ring of niacin by cyanogen chloride yields γ-carboxy glutaconic aldehyde and coupling with a primary aromatic amine produces a yellow color. Sensitivity to niacin, both in known solutions and from extracts of 378 clinical mycobacteria isolates, equalled or exceeded that of other methods for detection of niacin. Correlation with other tests for mycobacterial niacin was excellent. PMID:4321713

Impedance of strip-traveling waves on an elastic half space - Asymptotic solution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crandall, S. H.; Nigam, A. K.

1973-01-01

The dynamic normal-load distribution across a strip that is required to maintain a plane progressive wave along its length is studied for the case where the strip is of infinite length and lies on the surface of a homogeneous isotropic elastic half space. This configuration is proposed as a preliminary idealized model for analyzing the dynamic interaction between soils and flexible foundations. The surface load distribution across the strip and the motion of the strip are related by a pair of dual integral equations. An asymptotic solution is obtained for the limiting case of small wavelength. The nature of this solution depends importantly on the propagation velocity of the strip-traveling wave in comparison with the Rayleigh wave speed, the shear wave speed and the dilatational wave speed. When the strip-traveling wave propagates faster than the Rayleigh wave speed, a pattern of trailing Rayleigh waves is shed from the strip. The limiting amplitude of the trailing waves is provided by the asymptotic solution.

Esculin hydrolysis reaction by Escherichia coli.

PubMed Central

Miskin, A; Edberg, S C

1978-01-01

The literature contains variable reports concerning the hydrolysis of esculin by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and particularly Escherichia coli. We examined 113 strains of fresh clinical isolates of E. coli and assessed the ability of colonies in a population to hydrolyze esculin with and without preincubation in inducible substrates at 24, 48, and 72 h. The number of strains capable of fermenting salicin, a sugar with a beta-glucoside linkage like esculin, was studied under the same conditions. A strip test that measured the presence of the constitutive glucosidase was also performed with and without preincubation in inducible substrates. No E. coli strain was able to produce constitutive enzyme; preincubation in esculin and salicin resulted in an induction of the beta-glucosidase. The number of colonies able to hydrolyze esculin increased with time. Only those strains preincubated in esculin or salicin were able to produce a positive constitutive strip test. Because the beta-glucosidase of E. coli is inducible, one should employe, when using growth media, a light inoculum obtained by touching the top of a colony with a bacteriological wire and read the reaction between 18 and 24 h, or perform a rapid strip or spot test. PMID:418079

Development of Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strips for Micropollutant Screening Using Colorants of Aptamer-Functionalized Nanogold Particles, Part II: Experimental Verification with Aflatoxin B1 and Chloramphenicol.

PubMed

Zhang, Shan; Zhao, Shuai; Wang, Sai; Liu, Jiahui; Dong, Yiyang

2018-05-09

Lateral flow immunochromatographic strips based on colorants of aptamer-functionalized nanogold particles weredeveloped for the detection of micropollutants aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and chloramphenicol (CAP). The lateral flow immunochromatographic strip was based on a competitive reaction of thiolated-aptamer between micropollutants and bio-DNA probe-streptavidin as capture material immobilized at the test line. General crucial parameters that might influence the sensitivity have been systematically investigated. To test the effectiveness and applicability of the optimized conditions, two structurally unrelated micropollutants, that is, AFB1 and CAP, were chosen for detection. In the present study, lateral flow immunochromatographic strips for AFB1 and CAP analysis by combining the high selectivity and affinity of aptamers with the unique optical properties of nanogold in municipal water samples were reported for the first time. With the optimized conditions, the immunochromatographic strip showed a visual LOD of 10 ppb and a quantitative LOD of 1.05 ppb using an immunochromatographic reader for AFB1 detection and a quantitative LOD of 63.4 ppb using an immunochromatographic reader for CAP detection. Furthermore, the sensitive strip provided a good linear detection range of approximately 0-50 ppm for AFB1 detection and a wider liner detection range of approximately 0-160 ppm for CAP detection. Moreover, the immunochromatographic strip provided recovery rates for water samples of 90-110% in the AFB1 analysis and 84-108% in the CAP analysis. The results demonstrated that the immunochromatographic strip has excellent potential for wide applicability and verified that the strip methods for the optimized conditions are applicable to a variety of micropollutants. The lateral flow immunochromatographic strip could be used as a simple, rapid, and efficient screening tool for rapid on-site detection of a variety of micropollutants.

Cardiovascular, diabetes, and cancer strips: evidences, mechanisms, and classifications

PubMed Central

Wu, Qing-Hua; Hu, Da-Yi

2014-01-01

Objectives To report and name firstly that there are cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancers (CDC) strips; and disclose their mechanisms, classifications, and clinical significances. Study design Narrative and systematic review study and interpretive analysis. Methods Data sources and study selection: to collect and present related evidences on CDC strips from evidence-based, open-access, both Chinese- and English-language literatures in recent 10 years on clinical trials from PubMed according to keywords “CVD, DM and cancers” as well as authors’ extensive clinical experience with the treatment of more than fifty thousands of patients with CVD, diabetes and cancers over the past decades, and analyze their related mechanisms and categories which based on authors’ previous works. Data extraction: data were mainly extracted from 48 articles which are listed in the reference section of this review. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed data were included, narratively and systematically reviewed. Results With several conceptual and technical breakthrough, authors present related evidences on CDC strips, these are, CVD and DM, DM and cancers, cancers and CVD linked, respectively; And “Bad SEED” +/– “bad soil” theory or doctrine may explain this phenomenon due to “internal environmental injure, abnormal or unbalance” in human body resulting from the role of risk factors (RFs) related multi-pathways and multi-targets, which including organ & tissue (e.g., vascular-specific), cell and gene-based mechanisms. Their classifications include main strips/type B, and Branches/type A as showed by tables and figures in this article. Conclusions There are CDC strips and related mechanisms and classifications. CDC strips may help us to understand, prevent, and control related common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as well as these high risk strips. PMID:25276377

Sensitive albuminuria analysis using dye-binding based test strips.

PubMed

Delanghe, Joris R; Himpe, Jonas; De Cock, Naomi; Delanghe, Sigurd; De Herde, Kevin; Stove, Veronique; Speeckaert, Marijn M

2017-08-01

Populations at increased risk for chronic kidney disease should be screened for albuminuria. Possibilities of advanced urine strip readers based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor technology were investigated for obtaining quantitative albuminuria results. Reflectance data of test strips (Sysmex UFC 3500 reader+CMOS) were compared with albuminuria (BNII) and with proteinuria (Cobas 8000). Urinary creatinine was assayed using a Jaffe-based creatinine assay (Cobas 8000). Calibration curve was made between 11.5 and 121.5mg/L with detection limit of 5.5mg/L. Within-run CV values of reflectance data were 0.21% (UC-Control L; 10mg/L) and 0.37% (UC-Control H; >150mg/L) for albumin, and 0.71%/3.97% for creatinine. Between-run CV values were 0.24%/0.42% for albumin and 0.93%/5.13% for creatinine. A strong correlation (r=0.92) was obtained between albuminuria (BNII) and protein strip reflectance data. Creatinine reflectance data correlated well with Jaffe-based urinary creatinine data (r=0.90). Albumin:creatinine ratio obtained by test strip and by wet chemistry showed a good correlation (r=0.59). Carbamylated, glycated and partially hydrolyzed isoforms of albumin could be detected by test strip. Dye-binding based albumin test strip assay in combination with a CMOS based reader would potentially allow quantitative analysis of albuminuria and determination of albumin:creatinine ratio. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Low-resistance strip sensors for beam-loss event protection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ullán, M.; Benítez, V.; Quirion, D.; Zabala, M.; Pellegrini, G.; Lozano, M.; Lacasta, C.; Soldevila, U.; García, C.; Fadeyev, V.; Wortman, J.; DeFilippis, J.; Shumko, M.; Grillo, A. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F.-W.

2014-11-01

AC-coupled silicon strip sensors can be damaged in case of a beam loss due to the possibility of a large charge accumulation in the bulk, developing very high voltages across the coupling capacitors which can destroy them. Punch-through structures are currently used to avoid this problem helping to evacuate the accumulated charge as large voltages are developing. Nevertheless, previous experiments, performed with laser pulses, have shown that these structures can become ineffective in relatively long strips. The large value of the implant resistance can effectively isolate the "far" end of the strip from the punch-through structure leading to large voltages. We present here our developments to fabricate low-resistance strip sensors to avoid this problem. The deposition of a conducting material in contact with the implants drastically reduces the strip resistance, assuring the effectiveness of the punch-through structures. First devices have been fabricated with this new technology. Initial results with laser tests show the expected reduction in peak voltages on the low resistivity implants. Other aspects of the sensor performance, including the signal formation, are not affected by the new technology.

Identification of atomic-level mechanisms for gas-phase X- + CH3Y SN2 reactions by combined experiments and simulations.

PubMed

Xie, Jing; Otto, Rico; Mikosch, Jochen; Zhang, Jiaxu; Wester, Roland; Hase, William L

2014-10-21

For the traditional model of gas-phase X(-) + CH3Y SN2 reactions, C3v ion-dipole pre- and postreaction complexes X(-)---CH3Y and XCH3---Y(-), separated by a central barrier, are formed. Statistical intramolecular dynamics are assumed for these complexes, so that their unimolecular rate constants are given by RRKM theory. Both previous simulations and experiments have shown that the dynamics of these complexes are not statistical and of interest is how these nonstatistical dynamics affect the SN2 rate constant. This work also found there was a transition from an indirect, nonstatistical, complex forming mechanism, to a direct mechanism, as either the vibrational and/or relative translational energy of the reactants was increased. The current Account reviews recent collaborative studies involving molecular beam ion-imaging experiments and direct (on-the-fly) dynamics simulations of the SN2 reactions for which Cl(-), F(-), and OH(-) react with CH3I. Also considered are reactions of the microsolvated anions OH(-)(H2O) and OH(-)(H2O)2 with CH3I. These studies have provided a detailed understanding of the atomistic mechanisms for these SN2 reactions. Overall, the atomistic dynamics for the Cl(-) + CH3I SN2 reaction follows those found in previous studies. The reaction is indirect, complex forming at low reactant collision energies, and then there is a transition to direct reaction between 0.2 and 0.4 eV. The direct reaction may occur by rebound mechanism, in which the ClCH3 product rebounds backward from the I(-) product or a stripping mechanism in which Cl(-) strips CH3 from the I atom and scatters in the forward direction. A similar indirect to direct mechanistic transition was observed in previous work for the Cl(-) + CH3Cl and Cl(-) + CH3Br SN2 reactions. At the high collision energy of 1.9 eV, a new indirect mechanism, called the roundabout, was discovered. For the F(-) + CH3I reaction, there is not a transition from indirect to direct reaction as Erel is increased

Stripped interstellar gas in cluster cooling flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soker, Noam; Bregman, Joel N.; Sarazin, Craig L.

1991-01-01

It is suggested that nonlinear perturbations which lead to thermal instabilities in cooling flows might start as blobs of interstellar gas which are stipped out of cluster galaxies. Assuming that most of the gas produced by stellar mass loss in cluster galaxies is stripped from the galaxies, the total rate of such stripping is roughly 100 solar masses/yr, which is similar to the rates of cooling in cluster cooling flows. It is possible that a substantial portion of the cooling gas originates as blobs of interstellar gas stripped from galaxies. The magnetic fields within and outside of the low-entropy perturbations may help to maintain their identities by suppressing both thermal conduction and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. These density fluctuations may disrupt the propagation of radio jets through the intracluster gas, which may be one mechanism for producing wideangle-tail radio galaxies.

High chemical abundances in stripped Virgo spiral galaxies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skillman, E. D.; Kennicutt, R. C.; Shields, G. A.

1993-01-01

Based on a comparison of the oxygen abundances in H 2 regions in field and Virgo cluster late type spiral galaxies, Shields, Skillman, & Kennicutt (1991) suggested that the highly stripped spiral galaxies in the Virgo cluster have systematically higher abundances than comparable field galaxies. In April 1991 and May 1992 we used the blue channel spectrograph on the MMT to obtain new observations of 30 H 2 regions in Virgo spiral galaxies. These spectra cover the wavelength range from (O II) lambda 3727 to (S II) lambda 6731. We now have observed at least 4 H II regions in 9 spiral galaxies in the Virgo cluster. Combining (O II) and (O III) line strengths, we calculate the H II region oxygen abundances based on the empirical calibration of Edmunds & Pagel (1984). These observations show: (1) The stripped, low luminosity Virgo spirals (N4689, N4571) truly have abundances characteristic of much more luminous field spirals; (2) Virgo spirals which show no evidence of stripping (N4651, N4713) have abundances comparable to field galaxies; and (3) Evidence for transition galaxies (e.g., N4254, N4321), with marginally stripped disks and marginal abundance enhancements. The new observations presented here confirm the validity of the oxygen over-abundances in the stripped Virgo spirals. Shields et al. (1991) discussed two different mechanisms for producing the higher abundances in the disks of stripped galaxies in Virgo. The first is the supression of infall of near-primordial material, the second is the suppression of radial inflow of metal-poor gas. Distinguishing between the two cases will require more observations of the Virgo cluster spirals and a better understanding of which parameters determine the variation of abundance with radius in field spirals (cf., Garnett & Shields 1987).

Red Pine Seedling Establishment after Shelterwood-Strip Harvesting

Treesearch

John W. Benzie; Alvin A. Alm

1977-01-01

Shelterwood-strip harvesting in a mature red pine stand provided favorable growing conditions for red pine seedlings established by planting nursery stock, by planting 10-week-old to 1-year-old tubelings, and by direct seeding. How long the shelterwood-strips can be left standing before they seriously affect seedling development to be determined

Spin Resonances for Stored Deuteron Beams in COSY. Vector Polarization. Tracking with Spink

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luccio,A.; Lehrach, A.

2008-04-01

Results of measurements of vector and tensor polarization of a deuteron beam in the storage ring COSY have been published by the SPIN{at}COSY collaboration. In this experiment a RF Dipole was used that produced spin flip. The strength of the RFD-induced depolarizing resonance was calculated from the amount of spin flipping and the results shown in the figures of the cited paper. In this note we present the simulation of the experimental data (vector polarization) with the spin tracking code Spink.

Quadrupole-octupole coupled states in 112Cd populated in the 111Cd(d ⃗,p ) reaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jamieson, D. S.; Garrett, P. E.; Bildstein, V.; Demand, G. A.; Finlay, P.; Green, K. L.; Leach, K. G.; Phillips, A. A.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Svensson, C. E.; Triambak, S.; Ball, G. C.; Faestermann, T.; Hertenberger, R.; Wirth, H.-F.

2014-11-01

States in 112Cd have been studied with the 111Cd(d ⃗,p ) 12Cd reaction using 22 MeV polarized deuterons. The protons from the reaction were momentum analyzed with a Q3D magnetic spectrograph, and spectra have been recorded with a position-sensitive detector located on the focal plane. Angular distributions of cross sections and analyzing powers have been constructed for the low-lying negative-parity states observed, including the 3-,4-, and 5- members of the previously assigned quadrupole-octupole quintuplet. The 5- member at 2373-keV possess the second largest spectroscopic strength observed, and is reassigned as having the s1/2⊗h11/2 two-quasineutron configuration as the dominate component of its wave function.

Ram Pressure Stripping: Observations Meet Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Past, Matthew; Ruszkowski, Mateusz; Sharon, Keren

2017-01-01

Ram pressure stripping occurs when a galaxy falls into the potential well of a cluster, removing gas and dust as the galaxy travels through the intracluster medium. This interaction leads to filamentary gas tails stretching behind the galaxy and plays an important role in galaxy evolution. Previously, these “jellyfish” galaxies had only been observed in nearby clusters, but recently, higher redshift (z > 0.3) examples have been found from HST data imaging.Recent work has shown that cosmic rays injected by supernovae can cause galactic disks to thicken due to cosmic ray pressure. We run three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of ram pressure stripping including cosmic rays to compare to previous models. We study how the efficiency of the ram pressure stripping of the gas, and the morphology of the filamentary tails, depend on the magnitude of the cosmic ray pressure support. We generate mock X-ray images and radio polarization data. Simultaneously, we perform an exhaustive search of the HST archive to increase the sample of jellyfish galaxies and compare selected cases to simulations.

Production of deuterons, tritons, 3He nuclei, and their antinuclei in p p collisions at √{s }=0.9 , 2.76, and 7 TeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acharya, S.; Adam, J.; Adamová, D.; Adolfsson, J.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agnello, M.; Agrawal, N.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Aiola, S.; Akindinov, A.; Al-Turany, M.; Alam, S. N.; Alba, J. L. B.; Albuquerque, D. S. D.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A.; Alkin, A.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altenkamper, L.; Altsybeev, I.; Alves Garcia Prado, C.; Andrei, C.; Andreou, D.; Andrews, H. A.; Andronic, A.; Anguelov, V.; Anson, C.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antonioli, P.; Anwar, R.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arnaldi, R.; Arnold, O. W.; Arsene, I. C.; Arslandok, M.; Audurier, B.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Azmi, M. D.; Badalá, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Ball, M.; Baral, R. C.; Barbano, A. M.; Barbera, R.; Barile, F.; Barioglio, L.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L. S.; Barret, V.; Bartalini, P.; Barth, K.; Bartsch, E.; Basile, M.; Bastid, N.; Basu, S.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Batzing, P. C.; Bearden, I. G.; Beck, H.; Bedda, C.; Behera, N. K.; Belikov, I.; Bellini, F.; Bello Martinez, H.; Bellwied, R.; Beltran, L. G. E.; Belyaev, V.; Bencedi, G.; Beole, S.; Bercuci, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Berenyi, D.; Bertens, R. A.; Berzano, D.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhat, I. R.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattacharjee, B.; Bhom, J.; Bianchi, A.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Biro, G.; Biswas, R.; Biswas, S.; Blair, J. T.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boca, G.; Bock, F.; Bogdanov, A.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bonomi, G.; Bonora, M.; Book, J.; Borel, H.; Borissov, A.; Borri, M.; Botta, E.; Bourjau, C.; Bratrud, L.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bregant, M.; Broker, T. A.; Broz, M.; Brucken, E. J.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Bufalino, S.; Buhler, P.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Butt, J. B.; Buxton, J. T.; Cabala, J.; Caffarri, D.; Caines, H.; Caliva, A.; Calvo Villar, E.; Camerini, P.; Capon, A. A.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carnesecchi, F.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castro, A. J.; Casula, E. A. R.; Ceballos Sanchez, C.; Cerello, P.; Chandra, S.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Chartier, M.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chauvin, A.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Cho, S.; Chochula, P.; Chojnacki, M.; Choudhury, S.; Chowdhury, T.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chung, S. U.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Colamaria, F.; Colella, D.; Collu, A.; Colocci, M.; Concas, M.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa Del Valle, Z.; Connors, M. E.; Contreras, J. G.; Cormier, T. M.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cortés Maldonado, I.; Cortese, P.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Costanza, S.; Crkovská, J.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Dahms, T.; Dainese, A.; Danisch, M. C.; Danu, A.; Das, D.; Das, I.; Das, S.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; de, S.; de Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Conti, C.; de Cuveland, J.; de Falco, A.; de Gruttola, D.; De Marco, N.; de Pasquale, S.; de Souza, R. D.; Degenhardt, H. F.; Deisting, A.; Deloff, A.; Deplano, C.; Dhankher, P.; di Bari, D.; di Mauro, A.; di Nezza, P.; di Ruzza, B.; Dietel, T.; Dillenseger, P.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Dobrin, A.; Domenicis Gimenez, D.; Dönigus, B.; Dordic, O.; Doremalen, L. V. R.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubla, A.; Ducroux, L.; Duggal, A. K.; Dukhishyam, M.; Dupieux, P.; Ehlers, R. J.; Elia, D.; Endress, E.; Engel, H.; Epple, E.; Erazmus, B.; Erhardt, F.; Espagnon, B.; Esumi, S.; Eulisse, G.; Eum, J.; Evans, D.; Evdokimov, S.; Fabbietti, L.; Faivre, J.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Feldkamp, L.; Feliciello, A.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferretti, A.; Festanti, A.; Feuillard, V. J. G.; Figiel, J.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Filchagin, S.; Finogeev, D.; Fionda, F. M.; Floris, M.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Fragiacomo, E.; Francescon, A.; Francisco, A.; Frankenfeld, U.; Fronze, G. G.; Fuchs, U.; Furget, C.; Furs, A.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A. M.; Gajdosova, K.; Gallio, M.; Galvan, C. D.; Ganoti, P.; Garabatos, C.; Garcia-Solis, E.; Garg, K.; Gargiulo, C.; Gasik, P.; Gauger, E. F.; Gay Ducati, M. B.; Germain, M.; Ghosh, J.; Ghosh, P.; Ghosh, S. K.; Gianotti, P.; Giubellino, P.; Giubilato, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glässel, P.; Gomëz Coral, D. M.; Gomez Ramirez, A.; Gonzalez, A. S.; González-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Görlich, L.; Gotovac, S.; Grabski, V.; Graczykowski, L. K.; Graham, K. L.; Greiner, L.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Gronefeld, J. M.; Grosa, F.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grosso, R.; Gruber, L.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Guzman, I. B.; Haake, R.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamon, J. C.; Haque, M. R.; Harris, J. W.; Harton, A.; Hassan, H.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayashi, S.; Heckel, S. T.; Hellbär, E.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Hernandez, E. G.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, F.; Hess, B. A.; Hetland, K. F.; Hillemanns, H.; Hills, C.; Hippolyte, B.; Hladky, J.; Hohlweger, B.; Horak, D.; Hornung, S.; Hosokawa, R.; Hristov, P.; Hughes, C.; Humanic, T. J.; Hussain, N.; Hussain, T.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Iga Buitron, S. A.; Ilkaev, R.; Inaba, M.; Ippolitov, M.; Irfan, M.; Islam, M. S.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Izucheev, V.; Jacak, B.; Jacazio, N.; Jacobs, P. M.; Jadhav, M. B.; Jadlovsky, J.; Jaelani, S.; Jahnke, C.; Jakubowska, M. J.; Janik, M. A.; Jayarathna, P. H. S. Y.; Jena, C.; Jena, S.; Jercic, M.; Jimenez Bustamante, R. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jusko, A.; Kalinak, P.; Kalweit, A.; Kang, J. H.; Kaplin, V.; Kar, S.; Karasu Uysal, A.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karayan, L.; Karczmarczyk, P.; Karpechev, E.; Kebschull, U.; Keidel, R.; Keijdener, D. L. D.; Keil, M.; Ketzer, B.; Khabanova, Z.; Khan, P.; Khan, S. A.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Khatun, A.; Khuntia, A.; Kielbowicz, M. M.; Kileng, B.; Kim, B.; Kim, D.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, J.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, S.; Kim, T.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Kiss, G.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, C.; Klein, J.; Klein-Bösing, C.; Klewin, S.; Kluge, A.; Knichel, M. L.; Knospe, A. G.; Kobdaj, C.; Kofarago, M.; Köhler, M. K.; Kollegger, T.; Kondratiev, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Kondratyuk, E.; Konevskikh, A.; Konyushikhin, M.; Kopcik, M.; Kour, M.; Kouzinopoulos, C.; Kovalenko, O.; Kovalenko, V.; Kowalski, M.; Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, G.; Králik, I.; Kravčáková, A.; Kreis, L.; Krivda, M.; Krizek, F.; Kryshen, E.; Krzewicki, M.; Kubera, A. M.; Kučera, V.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, J.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, S.; Kundu, S.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. B.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Pointe, S. L.; La Rocca, P.; Lagana Fernandes, C.; Lai, Y. S.; Lakomov, I.; Langoy, R.; Lapidus, K.; Lara, C.; Lardeux, A.; Lattuca, A.; Laudi, E.; Lavicka, R.; Lea, R.; Leardini, L.; Lee, S.; Lehas, F.; Lehner, S.; Lehrbach, J.; Lemmon, R. C.; Lenti, V.; Leogrande, E.; León Monzón, I.; Lévai, P.; Li, X.; Lien, J.; Lietava, R.; Lim, B.; Lindal, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lindsay, S. W.; Lippmann, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Litichevskyi, V.; Llope, W. J.; Lodato, D. F.; Loenne, P. I.; Loginov, V.; Loizides, C.; Loncar, P.; Lopez, X.; López Torres, E.; Lowe, A.; Luettig, P.; Luhder, J. R.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Lupi, M.; Lutz, T. H.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahajan, S.; Mahmood, S. M.; Maire, A.; Majka, R. D.; Malaev, M.; Malinina, L.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Marchisone, M.; Mareš, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Margutti, J.; Marín, A.; Markert, C.; Marquard, M.; Martin, N. A.; Martinengo, P.; Martinez, J. A. L.; Martínez, M. I.; Martínez García, G.; Martinez Pedreira, M.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masoni, A.; Masson, E.; Mastroserio, A.; Mathis, A. M.; Matuoka, P. F. T.; Matyja, A.; Mayer, C.; Mazer, J.; Mazzilli, M.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Melikyan, Y.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Meninno, E.; Mercado Pérez, J.; Meres, M.; Mhlanga, S.; Miake, Y.; Mieskolainen, M. M.; Mihaylov, D. L.; Mikhaylov, K.; Milosevic, J.; Mischke, A.; Mishra, A. N.; Miśkowiec, D.; Mitra, J.; Mitu, C. M.; Mohammadi, N.; Mohanty, B.; Khan, M. Mohisin; Moreira de Godoy, D. A.; Moreno, L. A. P.; Moretto, S.; Morreale, A.; Morsch, A.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Mühlheim, D.; Muhuri, S.; Mukherjee, M.; Mulligan, J. D.; Munhoz, M. G.; Münning, K.; Munzer, R. H.; Murakami, H.; Murray, S.; Musa, L.; Musinsky, J.; Myers, C. J.; Myrcha, J. W.; Nag, D.; Naik, B.; Nair, R.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Narayan, A.; Naru, M. U.; Natal da Luz, H.; Nattrass, C.; Navarro, S. R.; Nayak, K.; Nayak, R.; Nayak, T. K.; Nazarenko, S.; Nedosekin, A.; Negrao de Oliveira, R. A.; Nellen, L.; Nesbo, S. V.; Ng, F.; Nicassio, M.; Niculescu, M.; Niedziela, J.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikulin, S.; Nikulin, V.; Noferini, F.; Nomokonov, P.; Nooren, G.; Noris, J. C. C.; Norman, J.; Nyanin, A.; Nystrand, J.; Oeschler, H.; Oh, S.; Ohlson, A.; Okubo, T.; Olah, L.; Oleniacz, J.; Oliveira da Silva, A. C.; Oliver, M. H.; Onderwaater, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Orava, R.; Oravec, M.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Oskarsson, A.; Otwinowski, J.; Oyama, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pacik, V.; Pagano, D.; Pagano, P.; Paić, G.; Palni, P.; Pan, J.; Pandey, A. K.; Panebianco, S.; Papikyan, V.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Pareek, P.; Park, J.; Parmar, S.; Passfeld, A.; Pathak, S. P.; Patra, R. N.; Paul, B.; Pei, H.; Peitzmann, T.; Peng, X.; Pereira, L. G.; Pereira da Costa, H.; Peresunko, D.; Perez Lezama, E.; Peskov, V.; Pestov, Y.; Petráček, V.; Petrov, V.; Petrovici, M.; Petta, C.; Pezzi, R. P.; Piano, S.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pimentel, L. O. D. L.; Pinazza, O.; Pinsky, L.; Piyarathna, D. B.; Płoskoń, M.; Planinic, M.; Pliquett, F.; Pluta, J.; Pochybova, S.; Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Polichtchouk, B.; Poljak, N.; Poonsawat, W.; Pop, A.; Poppenborg, H.; Porteboeuf-Houssais, S.; Pozdniakov, V.; Prasad, S. K.; Preghenella, R.; Prino, F.; Pruneau, C. A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Puccio, M.; Puddu, G.; Pujahari, P.; Punin, V.; Putschke, J.; Raha, S.; Rajput, S.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramello, L.; Rami, F.; Rana, D. B.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Räsänen, S. S.; Rascanu, B. T.; Rathee, D.; Ratza, V.; Ravasenga, I.; Read, K. F.; Redlich, K.; Rehman, A.; Reichelt, P.; Reidt, F.; Ren, X.; Renfordt, R.; Reolon, A. R.; Reshetin, A.; Reygers, K.; Riabov, V.; Ricci, R. A.; Richert, T.; Richter, M.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Riggi, F.; Ristea, C.; Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M.; Røed, K.; Rogochaya, E.; Rohr, D.; Röhrich, D.; Rokita, P. S.; Ronchetti, F.; Rosas, E. D.; Rosnet, P.; Rossi, A.; Rotondi, A.; Roukoutakis, F.; Roy, A.; Roy, C.; Roy, P.; Rueda, O. V.; Rui, R.; Rumyantsev, B.; Rustamov, A.; Ryabinkin, E.; Ryabov, Y.; Rybicki, A.; Saarinen, S.; Sadhu, S.; Sadovsky, S.; Šafařík, K.; Saha, S. K.; Sahlmuller, B.; Sahoo, B.; Sahoo, P.; Sahoo, R.; Sahoo, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Saini, J.; Sakai, S.; Saleh, M. A.; Salzwedel, J.; Sambyal, S.; Samsonov, V.; Sandoval, A.; Sarkar, D.; Sarkar, N.; Sarma, P.; Sas, M. H. P.; Scapparone, E.; Scarlassara, F.; Schaefer, B.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Scheid, H. S.; Schiaua, C.; Schicker, R.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schmidt, M. O.; Schmidt, M.; Schmidt, N. V.; Schukraft, J.; Schutz, Y.; Schwarz, K.; Schweda, K.; Scioli, G.; Scomparin, E.; Šefčík, M.; Seger, J. E.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Sekihata, D.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Senosi, K.; Senyukov, S.; Serradilla, E.; Sett, P.; Sevcenco, A.; Shabanov, A.; Shabetai, A.; Shahoyan, R.; Shaikh, W.; Shangaraev, A.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, M.; Sharma, M.; Sharma, N.; Sheikh, A. I.; Shigaki, K.; Shou, Q.; Shtejer, K.; Sibiriak, Y.; Siddhanta, S.; Sielewicz, K. M.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Silaeva, S.; Silvermyr, D.; Silvestre, C.; Simatovic, G.; Simonetti, G.; Singaraju, R.; Singh, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, T.; Sitar, B.; Sitta, M.; Skaali, T. B.; Slupecki, M.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, R. J. M.; Snellman, T. W.; Song, J.; Song, M.; Soramel, F.; Sorensen, S.; Sozzi, F.; Spiriti, E.; Sputowska, I.; Srivastava, B. K.; Stachel, J.; Stan, I.; Stankus, P.; Stenlund, E.; Stocco, D.; Storetvedt, M. M.; Strmen, P.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Sugitate, T.; Suire, C.; Suleymanov, M.; Suljic, M.; Sultanov, R.; Šumbera, M.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S.; Szabo, A.; Szarka, I.; Tabassam, U.; Takahashi, J.; Tambave, G. J.; Tanaka, N.; Tarhini, M.; Tariq, M.; Tarzila, M. G.; Tauro, A.; Tejeda Muñoz, G.; Telesca, A.; Terasaki, K.; Terrevoli, C.; Teyssier, B.; Thakur, D.; Thakur, S.; Thomas, D.; Thoresen, F.; Tieulent, R.; Tikhonov, A.; Timmins, A. R.; Toia, A.; Torres, S. R.; Tripathy, S.; Trogolo, S.; Trombetta, G.; Tropp, L.; Trubnikov, V.; Trzaska, W. H.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsuji, T.; Tumkin, A.; Turrisi, R.; Tveter, T. S.; Ullaland, K.; Umaka, E. N.; Uras, A.; Usai, G. L.; Utrobicic, A.; Vala, M.; van der Maarel, J.; van Hoorne, J. W.; van Leeuwen, M.; Vanat, T.; Vande Vyvre, P.; Varga, D.; Vargas, A.; Vargyas, M.; Varma, R.; Vasileiou, M.; Vasiliev, A.; Vauthier, A.; Vázquez Doce, O.; Vechernin, V.; Veen, A. M.; Velure, A.; Vercellin, E.; Vergara Limón, S.; Vernet, R.; Vértesi, R.; Vickovic, L.; Vigolo, S.; Viinikainen, J.; Vilakazi, Z.; Villalobos Baillie, O.; Villatoro Tello, A.; Vinogradov, A.; Vinogradov, L.; Virgili, T.; Vislavicius, V.; Vodopyanov, A.; Völkl, M. A.; Voloshin, K.; Voloshin, S. A.; Volpe, G.; von Haller, B.; Vorobyev, I.; Voscek, D.; Vranic, D.; Vrláková, J.; Wagner, B.; Wang, H.; Wang, M.; Watanabe, D.; Watanabe, Y.; Weber, M.; Weber, S. G.; Weiser, D. F.; Wenzel, S. C.; Wessels, J. P.; Westerhoff, U.; Whitehead, A. M.; Wiechula, J.; Wikne, J.; Wilk, G.; Wilkinson, J.; Willems, G. A.; Williams, M. C. S.; Willsher, E.; Windelband, B.; Witt, W. E.; Yalcin, S.; Yamakawa, K.; Yang, P.; Yano, S.; Yin, Z.; Yokoyama, H.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yoon, J. H.; Yurchenko, V.; Zaccolo, V.; Zaman, A.; Zampolli, C.; Zanoli, H. J. C.; Zardoshti, N.; Zarochentsev, A.; Závada, P.; Zaviyalov, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, C.; Zhigareva, N.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, Y.; Zhou, Z.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zichichi, A.; Zimmermann, A.; Zimmermann, M. B.; Zinovjev, G.; Zmeskal, J.; Zou, S.; Alice Collaboration

2018-02-01

Invariant differential yields of deuterons and antideuterons in p p collisions at √{s } = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV and the yields of tritons, 3He nuclei, and their antinuclei at √{s } = 7 TeV have been measured with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurements cover a wide transverse momentum (pT) range in the rapidity interval |y |<0.5 , extending both the energy and the pT reach of previous measurements up to 3 GeV/c for A =2 and 6 GeV/c for A =3 . The coalescence parameters of (anti)deuterons and 3He¯ nuclei exhibit an increasing trend with pT and are found to be compatible with measurements in p A collisions at low pT and lower energies. The integrated yields decrease by a factor of about 1000 for each increase of the mass number with one (anti)nucleon. Furthermore, the deuteron-to-proton ratio is reported as a function of the average charged particle multiplicity at different center-of-mass energies.

Analysis of a unidirectional, symmetric buffer strip laminate with damage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dharani, L. R.; Goree, J. G.

1984-01-01

A method for predicting the fracture behavior of hybrid buffer strip laminates is presented in which the classical shear-lag model is used to represent the shear stress distribution between adjacent fibers. The method is demonstrated by applying it to a notched graphite/epoxy laminate, and the results show clearly the manner in which the most efficient combination of buffer strip properties can be selected in order to arrest the crack. The ultimate failure stress of the laminate is plotted vs the buffer strip width. It is shown that in the case of graphite-epoxy and S-glass epoxy laminates, the optimum buffer strip spacing to width ratio should be about four to one.

Development of a serotype colloidal gold strip using monoclonal antibody for rapid detection type Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background In this study, we developed a rapid, one step colloid gold strip (CGS) capable of specifically detecting type Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We have produced two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to type Asia1 FMD (named 1B8 and 5E2). On the test strip, the purified 1B8 labelled with the colloidal gold was used as the detector, and the purified 5E2 and goat anti-mouse antibodies were wrapped onto nitrocellulose (NC) membranes as the test and the control line, respectively. The rapid colloidal gold stereotype diagnostic strip was housed in a plastic case. Results In specificity and sensitivity assay, there was no cross-reaction of the antigen with the other type of FMD and SVDV. The detection sensitivity was found to be as high as 10-5 dilution of Asia1/JSL/05 (1 × 107.2TCID50/50 μL). There was excellent agreement between the results obtained by CGS and reverse indirect hemagglutination assay (RIHA), and the agreement can reach to 98.75%. Conclusion We developed colloidal gold strips that have good qualities and does not require specialized equipment or technicians. This method provided a feasible, convenient, rapid, and effective for detecting type Asia1 FMDV in the fields. PMID:21880157

Formation of the 50-Year Element 94 from Deuteron Bombardment of U{sup 238}

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Kennedy, J. W.; Perlman, M. L.; Segre, E.; Wahl, A. C.

1942-06-01

It has been shown by bombardment with deuterons of a sample of U{sup 238}, greatly depleted in U{sup 235} and U{sup 234}, that the 50-year 94 activity and 2.0 day 93 activity are formed in approximately the same yield as with the natural mixture of uranium isotopes. The activities are thus shown to arise from the U{sup 238} nucleus, and from considerations of the energy of the compound nucleus (U{sup 238} + d).

Reforestation of strip-mined lands in West Virginia

Treesearch

H. Spencer Potter; Sidney Weitzman; George R., Jr. Trimble

1951-01-01

The early 1940's witnessed a striking increase in strip-mining throughout the eastern coal region. West Virginia, with its extensive coal resources, naturally was caught in the full current of this shift in mining methods. Today the raw gash on the hillside - almost infallibly the mark of a strip-mine operation - is a familiar sight in the State.

Change in filter strip performance over ten years

Treesearch

M.G. Dosskey; K.D. Hoagland; J.R. Brandle

2007-01-01

Effectiveness of filter strips may change over a period of years because key soil and vegetation conditions change after conversion of cultivated farmland to permanent vegetation. the main objectives of this study were to : 1) determine if effectiveness of a filter strip changes over years since establishment, and 2) determine if temporal change depends on vegetation...

A new strips tracker for the upgraded ATLAS ITk detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

David, C.

2018-01-01

The ATLAS detector has been designed and developed to function in the environment of the present Large Hadron Collider (LHC). At the next-generation tracking detector proposed for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the so-called ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade, the fluences and radiation levels will be higher by as much as a factor of ten. The new sub-detectors must thus be faster, of larger area, more segmented and more radiation hard while the amount of inactive material should be minimized and the power supply to the front-end systems should be increased. For those reasons, the current inner tracker of the ATLAS detector will be fully replaced by an all-silicon tracking system that consists of a pixel detector at small radius close to the beam line and a large area strip tracker surrounding it. This document gives an overview of the design of the strip inner tracker (Strip ITk) and summarises the intensive R&D activities performed over the last years by the numerous institutes within the Strips ITk collaboration. These studies are accompanied with a strong prototyping effort to contribute to the optimisation of the Strip ITk's structure and components. This effort culminated recently in the release of the ATLAS Strips ITk Technical Design Report (TDR).

Medical Application of the SARAF-Proton/Deuteron 40 MeV Superconducting Linac

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Halfon, Shlomi

2007-11-26

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) is based on a superconducting linear accelerator currently being built at the Soreq research center (Israel). The SARAF is planned to generate a 2 mA 4 MeV proton beam during its first year of operation and up to 40 MeV proton or deuteron beam in 2012. The high intensity beam, together with the linac ability to adjust the ion energy provides opportunities for medical research, such as Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) and the production of medical radioisotopes, for instance {sup 103}Pd for prostate brachytherapy.

Buffers and vegetative filter strips

Treesearch

Matthew J. Helmers; Thomas M. Isenhart; Michael G. Dosskey; Seth M. Dabney

2008-01-01

This chapter describes the use of buffers and vegetative filter strips relative to water quality. In particular, we primarily discuss the herbaceous components of the following NRCS Conservation Practice Standards.

Performance of strip seals in Iowa bridges, pilot study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

A pilot study was conducted on the premature failures of neoprene strip seals in : expansion joints in Iowa bridges. In a relatively large number of bridges, strip seals have : pulled out of the steel extrusions or otherwise failed well before the ex...

Efficacy of adhesive strips to reduce postoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis following rhinoplasty

PubMed

Tatar, Sedat; Bulam, Mehmet Hakan; Özmen, Selahattin

2018-02-23

Background/aim: Periorbital edema and ecchymosis may develop following rhinoplasty. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of adhesive strip application on the upper and lower eyelids to reduce postoperative edema and ecchymosis following rhinoplasty. Materials and methods: The eyelids of one side were randomly selected, and an adhesive strip of standard size and number was applied at the end of the operation. The strips were removed at postoperative day 3; photos of the eyes were taken at days 3 and 7. Edema and ecchymosis were graded on a scale from 1 to 4. The ecchymosis areas on the lower and upper eyelids were measured and compared in square centimeters. Results: The mean ecchymosis area of the lower eyelid on the side of the adhesive strip and on the side without the strip was 1.63 cm2 and 3.32 cm2 in the early period, respectively. It was 1.15 cm2 on the upper eyelid on the side of the adhesive strip, and 1.87 cm2 on the side without the strip. It was 0.224 cm2 on the side of the adhesive strip, and 0.498 cm2 on the side without the adhesive strip in the late period. Conclusion: Applying adhesive strips reduces periorbital edema and ecchymosis.

Research on tessellation with triangle strip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Li; Zhang, Huaisheng

2018-04-01

The tessellation module of graphics pipeline can generate many triangles to specify surface detail characteristics, which are usually organized in triangle lists. However, the number of generated vertices is large and there are many repeated vertices. This paper proposes a new tessellation approach of triangle strips, which makes use of the adjacent relationship among triangles. It decreases the number of generated vertices which will benefits latter computation and storage. Experiments show that the number of generated vertices by the strip approach is about 51% of traditional triangle lists, which can improve the performance of GPU tessellation.

A GEM readout with radial zigzag strips and linear charge-sharing response

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Aiwu; Hohlmann, Marcus; Azmoun, Babak; ...

2018-01-10

Here, we study the position sensitivity of radial zigzag strips intended to read out large GEM detectors for tracking at future experiments. Zigzag strips can cover a readout area with fewer strips than regular straight strips while maintaining good spatial resolution. Consequently, they can reduce the number of required electronic channels and related cost for large-area GEM detector systems. A non-linear relation between incident particle position and hit position measured from charge sharing among zigzag strips was observed in a previous study. We significantly reduce this non-linearity by improving the interleaving of adjacent physical zigzag strips. Zigzag readout structures aremore » implemented on PCBs and on a flexible foil and are tested using a 10 cm × 10 cm triple-GEM detector scanned with a strongly collimated X-ray gun on a 2D motorized stage. Lastly, angular resolutions of 60–84 μrad are achieved with a 1.37 mrad angular strip pitch at a radius of 784 mm. On a linear scale this corresponds to resolutions below 100 μm.« less

A GEM readout with radial zigzag strips and linear charge-sharing response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Aiwu; Hohlmann, Marcus; Azmoun, Babak; Purschke, Martin L.; Woody, Craig

2018-04-01

We study the position sensitivity of radial zigzag strips intended to read out large GEM detectors for tracking at future experiments. Zigzag strips can cover a readout area with fewer strips than regular straight strips while maintaining good spatial resolution. Consequently, they can reduce the number of required electronic channels and related cost for large-area GEM detector systems. A non-linear relation between incident particle position and hit position measured from charge sharing among zigzag strips was observed in a previous study. We significantly reduce this non-linearity by improving the interleaving of adjacent physical zigzag strips. Zigzag readout structures are implemented on PCBs and on a flexible foil and are tested using a 10 cm × 10 cm triple-GEM detector scanned with a strongly collimated X-ray gun on a 2D motorized stage. Angular resolutions of 60-84 μrad are achieved with a 1.37 mrad angular strip pitch at a radius of 784 mm. On a linear scale this corresponds to resolutions below 100 μm.

Studies on the stripping of cerium from the loaded tbp-kerosene solution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rizk, S.E.; Abdel Rahman, N.; Daoud, J.A.

2008-07-01

The reductive stripping of Ce(IV) from the loaded organic phase (30% TBP in kerosene) was investigated, using two stripping agents, EDTA and H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, in nitric acid. The results are compared to determine the optimum conditions for the reduction of Ce(IV) in the organic phase to Ce(III) in the aqueous phase. For each of the two stripping agents, the effect of different parameters affecting the reduction process was investigated: stripping-agent concentration, nitric acid concentration, phase ratio, shaking time, and temperature. The results are compared and discussed in terms of the conditions required for maximum reductive stripping of Ce(IV). (authors)

Electronic rumble strip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stauffer, Donald R.; Lenz, James

1997-02-01

Single vehicle run-off-road accidents are responsible for significant numbers of injuries and fatalities, and significant property damage. This fact spurs interest in warning systems to alert drivers that vehicles are drifting towards the edge of the road, and that a run-off road accident is imminent. An early attempt at such a warning system is the use of machined grooves on the shoulder to create a rumble strip. Such a system only provides warning, however, as the vehicle actually leaves the traffic lane. More desirable is a system that warns in anticipation of such departure. Honeywell has under development a magnetic lateral guidance system that couples a sensitive magnetoresistive transducer with a magnetic traffic marking tape being developed by 3M. While this development was initially undertaken for use in automated highways, or for special tasks such as guiding snowplow owners, the system can provide an effective, all-weather warning system to provide alert of impending departure from the roadway. This electronic rumble strip is actually a simpler system than the baseline guidance system, and can monitor both distance from the traffic lane edge and the speed of approach to the edge with a low cost sensor.

Sediment removal by prairie filter strips in row-cropped ephemeral watersheds

Treesearch

Matthew J. Helmers; Xiaobo Zhou; Heidi Asbjornsen; Randy Kolka; Mark D. Tomer; Richard M. Cruse

2012-01-01

Twelve small watersheds in central Iowa were used to evaluate the eff ectiveness of prairie filter strips (PFS) in trapping sediment from agricultural runoff. Four treatments with PFS of different size and location (100% rowcrop, 10% PFS of total watershed area at footslope, 10% PFS at footslope and in contour strips, 20% PFS at footslope and in contour strips)...

Visual Detection of West Nile Virus Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with a Vertical Flow Visualization Strip.

PubMed

Cao, Zengguo; Wang, Hualei; Wang, Lina; Li, Ling; Jin, Hongli; Xu, Changping; Feng, Na; Wang, Jianzhong; Li, Qian; Zhao, Yongkun; Wang, Tiecheng; Gao, Yuwei; Lu, Yiyu; Yang, Songtao; Xia, Xianzhu

2016-01-01

West Nile virus (WNV) causes a severe zoonosis, which can lead to a large number of casualties and considerable economic losses. A rapid and accurate identification method for WNV for use in field laboratories is urgently needed. Here, a method utilizing reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a vertical flow visualization strip (RT-LAMP-VF) was developed to detect the envelope (E) gene of WNV. The RT-LAMP-VF assay could detect 10(2) copies/μl of an WNV RNA standard using a 40 min amplification reaction followed by a 2 min incubation of the amplification product on the visualization strip, and no cross-reaction with other closely related members of the Flavivirus genus was observed. The assay was further evaluated using cells and mouse brain tissues infected with a recombinant rabies virus expressing the E protein of WNV. The assay produced sensitivities of 10(1.5) TCID50/ml and 10(1.33) TCID50/ml for detection of the recombinant virus in the cells and brain tissues, respectively. Overall, the RT-LAMP-VF assay developed in this study is rapid, simple and effective, and it is therefore suitable for clinical application in the field.

Production of deuterons, tritons, He 3 nuclei, and their antinuclei in p p collisions at s = 0.9 , 2.76, and 7 TeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Acharya, S.; Adam, J.; Adamová, D.

Invariant differential yields of deuterons and antideuterons in pp collisions atmore » $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV and the yields of tritons, 3He nuclei, and their antinuclei at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 7 TeV have been measured with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurements cover a wide transverse momentum (p T) range in the rapidity interval |y| < 0.5, extending both the energy and the p T reach of previous measurements up to 3 GeV/c for A = 2 and 6 GeV/c for A = 3. The coalescence parameters of (anti)deuterons and H$$ \\overline{e}$$3 nuclei exhibit an increasing trend with p T and are found to be compatible with measurements in pA collisions at low p T and lower energies. The integrated yields decrease by a factor of about 1000 for each increase of the mass number with one (anti)nucleon. Also, the deuteron-to-proton ratio is reported as a function of the average charged particle multiplicity at different center-of-mass energies.« less

Production of deuterons, tritons, He 3 nuclei, and their antinuclei in p p collisions at s = 0.9 , 2.76, and 7 TeV

DOE PAGES

Acharya, S.; Adam, J.; Adamová, D.; ...

2018-02-21

Invariant differential yields of deuterons and antideuterons in pp collisions atmore » $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV and the yields of tritons, 3He nuclei, and their antinuclei at $$\\sqrt{s}$$ = 7 TeV have been measured with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurements cover a wide transverse momentum (p T) range in the rapidity interval |y| < 0.5, extending both the energy and the p T reach of previous measurements up to 3 GeV/c for A = 2 and 6 GeV/c for A = 3. The coalescence parameters of (anti)deuterons and H$$ \\overline{e}$$3 nuclei exhibit an increasing trend with p T and are found to be compatible with measurements in pA collisions at low p T and lower energies. The integrated yields decrease by a factor of about 1000 for each increase of the mass number with one (anti)nucleon. Also, the deuteron-to-proton ratio is reported as a function of the average charged particle multiplicity at different center-of-mass energies.« less

Overlooked destinations : suburban nodes, centers, and trips to strips.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

This study looks at travel to typical suburban commercial strips by residents living within one-third of a mile of the strip by : focusing on six sites four in the Portland, OR., metro area and two in the Atlanta, GA., metro area. The study mappe...

Feasibility and energetic evaluation of air stripping for bioethanol production.

PubMed

Schläfle, Sandra; Senn, Thomas; Gschwind, Peter; Kohlus, Reinhard

2017-05-01

Stripping of mashes with air as stripping gas and low ethanol contents between 3 and 5wt% was investigated in terms of its suitability for continuous bioethanol production. Experiments in a Blenke cascade system were carried out and the results were compared with values obtained from theoretical vapour-liquid-equilibrium calculations. The whole stripping process was energetically evaluated by a simulation in ChemCAD and compared to conventional distillation. Therefore several parameters such as temperature, air volume flow and initial ethanol load of the mash were varied. Air stripping was found to be a suitable separation method for bioethanol from mashes with low concentrations. However, energetic aspects have to be considered, when developing a new process. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reductive stripping process for uranium recovery from organic extracts

DOEpatents

Hurst, F.J. Jr.

1983-06-16

In the reductive stripping of uranium from an organic extractant in a uranium recovery process, the use of phosphoric acid having a molarity in the range of 8 to 10 increases the efficiency of the reductive stripping and allows the strip step to operate with lower aqueous to organic recycle ratios and shorter retention time in the mixer stages. Under these operating conditions, less solvent is required in the process, and smaller, less expensive process equipment can be utilized. The high strength H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/ is available from the evaporator stage of the process.

Reductive stripping process for uranium recovery from organic extracts

DOEpatents

Hurst, Jr., Fred J.

1985-01-01

In the reductive stripping of uranium from an organic extractant in a uranium recovery process, the use of phosphoric acid having a molarity in the range of 8 to 10 increases the efficiency of the reductive stripping and allows the strip step to operate with lower aqueous to organic recycle ratios and shorter retention time in the mixer stages. Under these operating conditions, less solvent is required in the process, and smaller, less expensive process equipment can be utilized. The high strength H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 is available from the evaporator stage of the process.

Modification of pure oxygen absorption equipment for concurrent stripping of carbon dioxide

USGS Publications Warehouse

Watten, B.J.; Sibrell, P.L.; Montgomery, G.A.; Tsukuda, S.M.

2004-01-01

The high solubility of carbon dioxide precludes significant desorption within commercial oxygen absorption equipment. This operating characteristic of the equipment limits its application in recirculating water culture systems despite its ability to significantly increase allowable fish loading rates (kg/(L min)). Carbon dioxide (DC) is typically removed by air stripping. This process requires a significant energy input for forced air movement, air heating in cold climates and water pumping. We developed a modification for a spray tower that provides for carbon dioxide desorption as well as oxygen absorption. Elimination of the air-stripping step reduces pumping costs while allowing dissolved nitrogen to drop below saturation concentrations. This latter response provides for an improvement in oxygen absorption efficiency within the spray tower. DC desorption is achieved by directing head-space gases from the spray tower (O2, N2, CO2) through a sealed packed tower scrubber receiving a 2 N NaOH solution. Carbon dioxide is selectively removed from the gas stream, by chemical reaction, forming the product Na 2CO3. Scrubber off-gas, lean with regard to carbon dioxide but still rich with oxygen, is redirected through the spray tower for further stripping of DC and absorption of oxygen. Make-up NaOH is metered into the scrubbing solution sump on an as needed basis as directed by a feedback control loop programmed to maintain a scrubbing solution pH of 11.4-11.8. The spent NaOH solution is collected, then regenerated for reuse, in a batch process that requires relatively inexpensive hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2). A by-product of the regeneration step is an alkaline filter cake, which may have use in bio-solids stabilization. Given the enhanced gas transfer rates possible with chemical reaction, the required NaOH solution flow rate through the scrubber represents a fraction of the spray tower water flow rate. Further, isolation of the water being treated from the atmosphere (1

A reagent strip for measuring the specific gravity of urine.

PubMed

Burkhardt, A E; Johnston, K G; Waszak, C E; Jackson, C E; Shafer, S R

1982-10-01

A solid-phase reagent for determination of urinary specific gravity (relative density) is described. This reagent strip, similar to others in the "N-Multistix" series (Ames), contains a polyacid whose acidity is sensitive to the ionic concentration in the urine in which it is immersed. As the acidity of the polyacid changes, pH changes are detected by a pH indicator within the reagent strip. In comparison studies, 84.4% of relative densities as measured with these reagent strips were within 0.005 of the corresponding results with a total-solids meter, and 89.9% were within 0.005 of the corresponding urinometer results. Adding a correction of +0.005 to the reagent-strip results for urines with high pH increased the percentage of results within 0.005 of the comparison method to 90.7% (TS meter) and 92.9% (urinometer). Lot-to-lot variability and reader-to-reader variability were both low. Reagent strip results are not affected by glucose, may be increased by albumin, and correlate with urea concentrations.

Novel cellulose-based halochromic test strips for naked-eye detection of alkaline vapors and analytes.

PubMed

Abou-Yousef, Hussein; Khattab, Tawfik A; Youssef, Yehia A; Al-Balakocy, Naser; Kamel, Samir

2017-08-01

A simple, portable and highly sensitive naked-eye test strip is successfully prepared for optical detection of gaseous and aqueous alkaline analytes. Novel pH-sensory tricyanofuran-hydrazone (TCFH) disperse colorant containing a hydrazone recognition functional moiety is successfully synthesized via azo-coupling reaction between active methyl-containing tricyanofuran (TCF) heterocycle and diazonium salt of 4-aminobenzaldehyde followed by Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. UV-vis absorption spectra display solvatochromism and reversible color changes of the TCFH solution in dimethyl sulfoxide in response to pH variations. We investigate the preparation of hydrophobic cellulose/polyethylene terephthalate composites characterized by their high affinity for disperse dyes. Composite films made from CA, Cell/CA, PET/CA, and Cell/PET-CA are produced via solvent-casting procedure using 10-30% modified cellulose or modified polyethylene terephthalate. The mechanical properties and morphologies of these composite films are investigated. The prepared pH-sensory hydrazone-based disperse dye is then applied to dye the produced cellulose-based composite films employing the high temperature pressure dyeing procedure. The produced halochromic PET-CA-TCFH test strip provide an instant visible signal from orange to purple upon exposure to alkaline conditions as proved by the coloration measurements. The sensor strip exhibits high sensitivity and quick detection toward ammonia in both of aqueous and vapor phases by naked-eye observations at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Kaon pair production in pp, pd and dd collisions at COSY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hartmann, M.; Dzyuba, A.; Keshelashvili, I.

2010-08-05

The near-threshold production of kaon-pairs has been investigated in proton-proton, proton-deuteron and deuteron-deuteron collisions at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY. The excitation function for the pp{yields}ppK{sup +}K{sup -} reaction and the invariant K{sup -}p, K{sup -}pp, and K{sup +}K{sup -} mass distributions indicate the presence of both K{sup -}p and K{sup +}K{sup -} final state interactions. Analogous final-state interactions of antikaons with deuterons has been found in the pp{yields}dK{sup +}K{sup 0}-bar reaction as well as in the pn{yields}dK{sup +}K{sup -} reaction, measured in the quasi-free pd{yields}p{sub sp}dK{sup +}K{sup -} process with a 'spectator' proton (p{sub sp}). The existing COSY data onmore » the pd{yields}{sup 3}HeK{sup +}K{sup -} reaction are not yet sufficient to study the K{sup -3}He and K{sup +}K{sup -} final state interactions. A very small total cross section was found for the dd{yields}{sup 4}HeK{sup +}K{sup -} reaction.« less

Performance of a new test strip for freestyle blood glucose monitoring systems.

PubMed

Lock, John Paul; Brazg, Ronald; Bernstein, Robert M; Taylor, Elizabeth; Patel, Mona; Ward, Jeanne; Alva, Shridhara; Chen, Ting; Welsh, Zoë; Amor, Walter; Bhogal, Claire; Ng, Ronald

2011-01-01

a new strip, designed to enhance the ease of use and minimize interference of non-glucose sugars, has been developed to replace the current FreeStyle (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA) blood glucose test strip. We evaluated the performance of this new strip. laboratory evaluation included precision, linearity, dynamic range, effects of operating temperature, humidity, altitude, hematocrit, interferents, and blood reapplication. System accuracy, lay user performance, and ease of use for finger capillary blood testing and accuracy for venous blood testing were evaluated at clinics. Lay users also compared the speed and ease of use between the new strip and the current FreeStyle strip. for glucose concentrations <75 mg/dL, 73%, 100%, and 100% of the individual capillary blood glucose results obtained by lay users fell within ± 5, 10, and 15 mg/dL, respectively, of the reference. For glucose concentrations ≥75 mg/dL, 68%, 95%, 99%, and 99% of the lay user results fell within  ±  5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, of the reference. Comparable accuracy was obtained in the venous blood study. Lay users found the new test strip easy to use and faster and easier to use than the current FreeStyle strip. The new strip maintained accuracy under various challenging conditions, including high concentrations of various interferents, sample reapplication up to 60 s, and extremes in hematocrit, altitude, and operating temperature and humidity. our results demonstrated excellent accuracy of the new FreeStyle test strip and validated the improvements in minimizing interference and enhancing ease of use.

Preliminary Design and Evaluation of Portable Electronic Flight Progress Strips

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doble, Nathan A.; Hansman, R. John

2002-01-01

There has been growing interest in using electronic alternatives to the paper Flight Progress Strip (FPS) for air traffic control. However, most research has been centered on radar-based control environments, and has not considered the unique operational needs of the airport air traffic control tower. Based on an analysis of the human factors issues for control tower Decision Support Tool (DST) interfaces, a requirement has been identified for an interaction mechanism which replicates the advantages of the paper FPS (e.g., head-up operation, portability) but also enables input and output with DSTs. An approach has been developed which uses a Portable Electronic FPS that has attributes of both a paper strip and an electronic strip. The prototype flight strip system uses Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) to replace individual paper strips in addition to a central management interface which is displayed on a desktop computer. Each PDA is connected to the management interface via a wireless local area network. The Portable Electronic FPSs replicate the core functionality of paper flight strips and have additional features which provide a heads-up interface to a DST. A departure DST is used as a motivating example. The central management interface is used for aircraft scheduling and sequencing and provides an overview of airport departure operations. This paper will present the design of the Portable Electronic FPS system as well as preliminary evaluation results.

Selective Deuteron Acceleration and Neutron Production on the Vulcan PW Laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krygier, A. G.; Morrison, J. T.; Freeman, R. R.; Ahmed, H.; Green, J. A.; Alejo, A.; Kar, S.; Vassura, L.

2014-10-01

Fast neutron sources are important for a variety of applications including radiography and the detection of sensitive materials. Here we report on the results of an experiment using the Vulcan PW laser at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory to produce a nearly pure deuterium ion beam via Target Normal Sheath Acceleration. The typical contaminants are suppressed by freezing a μ m's thick layer of heavy water vapor (D2 O) onto a cryogenic target during the shot sequence. Neutrons were generated by colliding the accelerated deuterons were into secondary targets made of deuterated plastic in the pitcher-catcher arrangement. Absolute yields for deuterium ions and neutrons are reported. This work is supported by DOE Contract DE-FC02-04ER54789.

A design aid for sizing filter strips using buffer area ratio

Treesearch

M.G. Dosskey; M.J. Helmers; D.E. Eisenhauer

2011-01-01

Nonuniform field runoff can reduce the effectiveness of filter strips that are a uniform size along a field margin. Effectiveness can be improved by placing more filter strip where the runoff load is greater and less where the load is smaller. A modeling analysis was conducted of the relationship between pollutant trapping efficiency and the ratio of filter strip area...

Direct reaction theories for exotic nuclei: An introduction via semi-classical methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonaccorso, Angela

2018-07-01

The structure of exotic nuclei has only been studied from around 1985, because they are very short lived and because before that, it was not possible to produce and deliver them as beams on a target. They have large N / Z or Z / N ratios, are weakly bound and quite extended most of the time. Thus breakup, transfer and/or inelastic excitations of the surface are some of their most common reaction mechanisms. Direct reactions, for their simplicity, have played a fundamental role in the last thirty years in the process of understanding such "new" type of structures. On the other hand, direct reactions have been studied and understood for a much longer time, starting with the pioneering experiments in the early '50 on deuteron-induced reactions and the reaction models developed by S.T. Butler and collaborators. Both subjects are extremely vast and there is a large literature available of books, review articles and original papers. I will discuss here only a few selected examples of the many interesting problems that have been encountered and solved in all those years. I consider them breakthroughs in the field and as such I hope they can inspire young generations of researchers.

Health in strip cartoons.

PubMed

Videlier, P; Piras, P

1990-01-01

Strip cartoons are among the most vivid means of communication at our disposal, and they are particularly popular with the young. Medical matters have featured in many stories, though usually in a peripheral role. Could more be done to use this powerful medium, or would deliberate exploitation destroy it?

Comparison of spot esculin hydrolysis with the PathoTec strip test for rapid differentiation of anaerobic bacteria.

PubMed Central

Qadri, S M; Johnson, S; Smith, J C; Zubairi, S; Gillum, R L

1981-01-01

The ability of several anaerobic bacteria to hydrolyze esculin to esculetin is used by clinical microbiologists and taxonomists in the differentiation and identification of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Conventional methods used for determining esculin hydrolysis by anaerobic bacteria require 24 to 48 h for completion. In this paper we evaluate two procedures which yield rapid results. A total of 738 anaerobic bacteria were used in this study. A total of 99% of the esculin-hydrolyzing anaerobic bacteria gave positive results with the spot test in 1 h, whereas the other test method, the PathoTec strip test (General Diagnostics, Morris Plains, N.J.), required 4 h for 96% of the strains tested to yield positive reactions. Both tests showed a 100% specificity when compared with the standard broth test and are easy to perform, accurate, and economical. The spot test is superior to the PathoTec strip test in yielding results more rapidly. PMID:7016896

Two-neutron stripping in ({sup 18}O, {sup 16}O) and (t,p) reactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cavallaro, M.; Agodi, A.; Carbone, D.

2014-11-11

The {sup 12}C({sup 18}O,{sup 16}O){sup 14}C reactions has been investigated at 84 MeV incident energy. The charged ejectiles produced in the reaction have been momentum analyzed and identified by the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer. Q-value spectra have been extracted with an energy resolution of 160 keV (Full Width at Half Maximum) and several known bound and resonant states of {sup 14}C have been identified up to 15 MeV. In particular, excited states with dominant 2p - 4h configuration are the most populated. The absolute values of the cross sections have been extracted showing a striking similarity with those measured for themore » same transitions by (t,p) reactions. This indicates that the effect of the {sup 16}O core is negligible in the reaction mechanism.« less

Neutron-induced reactions relevant for Inertial-Cofinement Fusion Experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boswell, Melissa; Devlin, Mathew; Fotiadis, Nikolaos; Merrill, Frank; Nelson, Ronald; Tonchev, Anton

2014-09-01

The typical ignition experiment at the National Ignition Facility ablatively implodes a plastic capsule filled with DT fuel, generating a high flux of 14-MeV neutrons from the d(t,n) α reaction. There is some spread in the energy of these primary 14-MeV neutrons, which is mainly attributable to Doppler shifting from the relative thermal motion of the burning DT fuel. Neutrons created during this reaction have 5--10% chance of scattering before escaping the fuel assembly, losing some fraction of their energy in the scattering process. Neutrons emerging with an energy greater than the reaction energy are generated by a two-step process where neutrons first transfer momentum to a deuteron or tritium ion, these enhanced energy ions then fuse in flight to produce higher energy neutrons; some of these neutrons have energies in excess of 30 MeV. Measuring the fluencies of both the low- and high-energy neutrons is a powerful mechanism for studying the properties of the fuel assembly, and the various parameters important to inertial confinement fusion. We have developed a number of tools to measure the spectral characteristics of the NIF neutron spectrum. Most of these methods rely on exploiting the energy dependence of (n, γ), (n,2n), (n,3n) and (n,p) reactions on a variety o.

Compound Nucleus Reactions in LENR, Analogy to Uranium Fission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hora, Heinrich; Miley, George; Philberth, Karl

2008-03-01

The discovery of nuclear fission by Hahn and Strassmann was based on a very rare microanalytical result that could not initially indicate the very complicated details of this most important process. A similarity is discussed for the low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs) with analogies to the yield structure found in measurements of uranium fission. The LENR product distribution measured earlier in a reproducible way in experiments with thin film electrodes and a high density deuteron concentration in palladium has several striking similarities with the uranium fission fragment yield curve.ootnotetextG.H. Miley and J.A. Patterson, J. New Energy 1, 11 (1996); G.H. Miley et al, Proc ICCF6, p. 629 (1997).This comparison is specifically focussed to the Maruhn-Greiner local maximum of the distribution within the large-scale minimum when the fission nuclei are excited. Implications for uranium fission are discussed in comparison with LENR relative to the identification of fission a hypothetical compound nuclear reaction via a element ^306X126 with double magic numbers.

Comparisons of boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pheromone traps with and without kill strips.

PubMed

Suh, C P C; Armstrong, J S; Spurgeon, D W; Duke, S

2009-02-01

Boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), eradication programs typically equip pheromone traps with an insecticide-impregnated kill strip. These strips are intended to kill captured insects, thereby simplifying trap servicing and reducing the loss of weevils from predation and escape. However, the effectiveness of kill strips has not been extensively evaluated. We examined the influences of kill strips on weevil captures, trap servicing, and the incidences of weevil predation and trap obstruction (e.g., by spider webs). Evaluations were conducted weekly during three different production periods (pre- to early-, late-, and postseason) of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., to represent different environmental conditions and weevil population levels. Within each period, mean weekly captures of weevils in traps with and without kill strips were statistically similar. On average, traps with kill strips took 9 s longer to service than traps without kill strips, but statistical differences were only detected during the late-season period. Overall, the mean weekly proportion of traps with evidence of weevil predation or trap obstruction was significantly lower for traps with kill strips (0.25) than for traps without kill strips (0.37). However, this reduction in the frequency of weevil predation or trap obstruction was too small to produce a corresponding increase in the numbers of weevils captured. In light of these findings, the use of kill strips is likely unnecessary in eradication programs, but may be a consideration in situations when the numbers of deployed traps are reduced and chronic problems with weevil predation or trap obstruction exist.

Developing the (d,p γ) reaction as a surrogate for (n, γ) in inverse kinematics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lepailleur, Alexandr; Sims, Harry; Garland, Heather; Baugher, Travis; Cizewski, Jolie A.; Ratkiewicz, Andrew; Walter, Daivid; Pain, Steven D.; Smith, Karl; Goddess Collaboration Collaboration

2017-09-01

The r-process that proceeds via (n, γ) reactions on neutron-rich nuclei is responsible for the synthesis of about half of the elements heavier than iron. Because (n, γ) measurements on short-lived isotopes are not possible, the (d,p γ) reaction is being investigated as a surrogate for (n, γ) . The experimental setup GODDESS (Gammasphere ORRUBA: Dual Detectors for Experimental Structure Studies) has been developed especially for this purpose. The Oak Ridge Rutgers University Barrel Array (ORRUBA) of position-sensitive silicon strip detectors was augmented with annular arrays of segmented strip detectors at backward and forward angles, resulting in a high-angular coverage for light ejectiles (20 to 160 degrees in the laboratory frame). The 134Xe(d,p γ) reaction, used to commission the setup, was measured in inverse kinematics with stable beams from ATLAS impinged on C2D4 targets. Reaction protons were measured (ORRUBA) in coincidence with gamma rays (Gammasphere). An overview of GODDESS and preliminary results from the 134Xe(d,p γ) study will be presented. Work supported in part by U.S. D.O.E. and National Science Foundation.

Thermodynamic Behavior Research Analysis of Twin-roll Casting Lead Alloy Strip Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Chengcan; Rui, Yannian

2017-03-01

The thermodynamic behavior of twin-roll casting (TRC) lead alloy strip process directly affects the forming of the lead strip, the quality of the lead strip and the production efficiency. However, there is little research on the thermodynamics of lead alloy strip at home and abroad. The TRC lead process is studied in four parameters: the pouring temperature of molten lead, the depth of molten pool, the roll casting speed, and the rolling thickness of continuous casting. Firstly, the thermodynamic model for TRC lead process is built. Secondly, the thermodynamic behavior of the TRC process is simulated with the use of Fluent. Through the thermodynamics research and analysis, the process parameters of cast rolling lead strip can be obtained: the pouring temperature of molten lead: 360-400 °C, the depth of molten pool: 250-300 mm, the roll casting speed: 2.5-3 m/min, the rolling thickness: 8-9 mm. Based on the above process parameters, the optimal parameters(the pouring temperature of molten lead: 375-390 °C, the depth of molten pool: 285-300 mm, the roll casting speed: 2.75-3 m/min, the rolling thickness: 8.5-9 mm) can be gained with the use of the orthogonal experiment. Finally, the engineering test of TRC lead alloy strip is carried out and the test proves the thermodynamic model is scientific, necessary and correct. In this paper, a detailed study on the thermodynamic behavior of lead alloy strip is carried out and the process parameters of lead strip forming are obtained through the research, which provide an effective theoretical guide for TRC lead alloy strip process.

Control strip study : interim report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1972-01-01

This report is concerned with the application of the "control strip" technique using nuclear devices for compaction control of certain base courses and asphaltic concrete surface course. The technique, as evaluated here, consisted of applying increas...

Neutron-deuteron analyzing power data at En = 21 MeV and the energy dependence of the three-nucleon analyzing power puzzle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weisel, G. J.; Tornow, W.; Esterline, J. H.

2015-08-01

We present measurements of n-d analyzing power, {A}y(θ ), at En = 21.0 MeV. The experiment produces neutrons via the 2H(d, n)3He reaction and uses a deuterated liquid-scintillator center detector and six pairs of liquid-scintillator neutron side detectors. Elastic neutron scattering events are identified by using time-of-flight techniques and by setting a gate in the center-detector pulse-height spectrum. Beam polarization is monitored by using a high-pressure helium gas scintillator. The n-d {A}y(θ ) data at 21.0 MeV show a significant discrepancy with the results of rigorous three-body calculations and are consistent with data taken previously by us at 19.0 and 22.5 MeV. We review the overall energy dependence of the three-nucleon analyzing power puzzle in neutron-deuteron elastic scattering, using the best data available. We find that the relative difference between calculations and data is nearly constant at 25% up to En = 22.5 MeV.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of pavement rumble strips : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

This report analyzes the effectiveness of continuous shoulder rumble strips (CSRS) and center line rumble strips (CLRS) on rural two lane roads in Kentucky. This study evaluates the safety benefits, and design details associated with the application ...

Generalized thick strip modelling for vortex-induced vibration of long flexible cylinders

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bao, Y., E-mail: ybao@sjtu.edu.cn; Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London; Palacios, R., E-mail: r.palacios@imperial.ac.uk

2016-09-15

We propose a generalized strip modelling method that is computationally efficient for the VIV prediction of long flexible cylinders in three-dimensional incompressible flow. In order to overcome the shortcomings of conventional strip-theory-based 2D models, the fluid domain is divided into “thick” strips, which are sufficiently thick to locally resolve the small scale turbulence effects and three dimensionality of the flow around the cylinder. An attractive feature of the model is that we independently construct a three-dimensional scale resolving model for individual strips, which have local spanwise scale along the cylinder's axial direction and are only coupled through the structural modelmore » of the cylinder. Therefore, this approach is able to cover the full spectrum for fully resolved 3D modelling to 2D strip theory. The connection between these strips is achieved through the calculation of a tensioned beam equation, which is used to represent the dynamics of the flexible body. In the limit, however, a single “thick” strip would fill the full 3D domain. A parallel Fourier spectral/hp element method is employed to solve the 3D flow dynamics in the strip-domain, and then the VIV response prediction is achieved through the strip–structure interactions. Numerical tests on both laminar and turbulent flows as well as the comparison against the fully resolved DNS are presented to demonstrate the applicability of this approach.« less

360-degrees profilometry using strip-light projection coupled to Fourier phase-demodulation.

PubMed

Servin, Manuel; Padilla, Moises; Garnica, Guillermo

2016-01-11

360 degrees (360°) digitalization of three dimensional (3D) solids using a projected light-strip is a well-established technique in academic and commercial profilometers. These profilometers project a light-strip over the digitizing solid while the solid is rotated a full revolution or 360-degrees. Then, a computer program typically extracts the centroid of this light-strip, and by triangulation one obtains the shape of the solid. Here instead of using intensity-based light-strip centroid estimation, we propose to use Fourier phase-demodulation for 360° solid digitalization. The advantage of Fourier demodulation over strip-centroid estimation is that the accuracy of phase-demodulation linearly-increases with the fringe density, while in strip-light the centroid-estimation errors are independent. Here we proposed first to construct a carrier-frequency fringe-pattern by closely adding the individual light-strip images recorded while the solid is being rotated. Next, this high-density fringe-pattern is phase-demodulated using the standard Fourier technique. To test the feasibility of this Fourier demodulation approach, we have digitized two solids with increasing topographic complexity: a Rubik's cube and a plastic model of a human-skull. According to our results, phase demodulation based on the Fourier technique is less noisy than triangulation based on centroid light-strip estimation. Moreover, Fourier demodulation also provides the amplitude of the analytic signal which is a valuable information for the visualization of surface details.

Design, Analysis, and On-Sun Evaluation of Reflective Strips Under Controlled Buckling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jaworske, Donald A.; Sechkar, Edward A.; Colozza, Anthony J.

2014-01-01

Solar concentrators are envisioned for use in a variety of space-based applications, including applications involving in situ resource utilization. Identifying solar concentrators that minimize mass and cost are of great interest, especially since launch cost is driven in part by the mass of the payload. Concentrators must also be able to survive the wide temperature excursions on the lunar surface. Identifying smart structures which compensate for changes in concentrator geometry brought about by temperature extremes are of interest. Some applications may benefit from the ability to change the concentrators focal pattern at will. This paper addresses a method of designing a single reflective strip to produce a desired focal pattern through the use of controlled buckling. Small variations in the cross section over the length of the reflective strip influence the distribution of light in the focal region. A finite element method of analysis is utilized here which calculates the curve produced for a given strip cross section and axial load. Varying axial force and strip cross section over the length of the reflective strip provide a means of optimizing ray convergence in the focal region. Careful selection of a tapered cross section yields a reflective strip that approximates a parabola. An array of reflective strips under controlled buckling produces a light weight concentrator and adjustments in the compression of individual strips provide a means of compensating for temperature excursions or changing the focal pattern at will.

Design, Analysis, and On-Sun Evaluation of Reflective Strips Under Controlled Buckling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jaworske, D. A.; Sechkar, E. A.; Colozza, A. J.

2014-01-01

Solar concentrators are envisioned for use in a variety of space-based applications, including applications involving in situ resource utilization. Identifying solar concentrators that minimize mass and cost are of great interest, especially since launch cost is driven in part by the mass of the payload. Concentrators must also be able to survive the wide temperature excursions on the lunar surface. Identifying smart structures which compensate for changes in concentrator geometry brought about by temperature extremes are of interest. Some applications may benefit from the ability to change the concentrator's focal pattern at will. This paper addresses a method of designing a single reflective strip to produce a desired focal pattern through the use of controlled buckling. Small variations in the cross section over the length of the reflective strip influence the distribution of light in the focal region. A finite element method of analysis is utilized here which calculates the curve produced for a given strip cross section and axial load. Varying axial force and strip cross section over the length of the reflective strip provide a means of optimizing ray convergence in the focal region. Careful selection of a tapered cross section yields a reflective strip that approximates a parabola. An array of reflective strips under controlled buckling produces a light weight concentrator and adjustments in the compression of individual strips provide a means of compensating for temperature excursions or changing the focal pattern at will.

Missing-mass spectroscopy of the 12C(p ,d ) reaction near the η'-meson production threshold

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, Y. K.; Itahashi, K.; Fujioka, H.; Ayyad, Y.; Benlliure, J.; Brinkmann, K.-T.; Friedrich, S.; Geissel, H.; Gellanki, J.; Guo, C.; Gutz, E.; Haettner, E.; Harakeh, M. N.; Hayano, R. S.; Higashi, Y.; Hirenzaki, S.; Hornung, C.; Igarashi, Y.; Ikeno, N.; Iwasaki, M.; Jido, D.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kanungo, R.; Knöbel, R.; Kurz, N.; Metag, V.; Mukha, I.; Nagae, T.; Nagahiro, H.; Nanova, M.; Nishi, T.; Ong, H. J.; Pietri, S.; Prochazka, A.; Rappold, C.; Reiter, M. P.; Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. L.; Scheidenberger, C.; Simon, H.; Sitar, B.; Strmen, P.; Sun, B.; Suzuki, K.; Szarka, I.; Takechi, M.; Tanihata, I.; Terashima, S.; Watanabe, Y. N.; Weick, H.; Widmann, E.; Winfield, J. S.; Xu, X.; Yamakami, H.; Zhao, J.; η-PRiME/Super-FRS Collaboration

2018-01-01

Excitation-energy spectra of 11C nuclei near the η'-meson production threshold have been measured by missing-mass spectroscopy using the 12C(p ,d ) reaction. A carbon target has been irradiated with a 2.5 GeV proton beam supplied by the synchrotron SIS-18 at GSI to produce η'-meson bound states in 11C nuclei. Deuterons emitted at 0∘ in the reaction have been momentum analyzed by the fragment separator (FRS), used as a high-resolution spectrometer. No distinct structure due to the formation of η'-mesic states is observed although a high statistical sensitivity is achieved in the experimental spectra. Upper limits on the formation cross sections of η'-mesic states are determined, and thereby a constraint imposed on the η'-nucleus interaction is discussed.

Structural and spectroscopic investigations on deuteron glasses belonging to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate family

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Choudhury, Rajul Ranjan, E-mail: rajul@barc.gov.in; Chitra, R.; Abraham, Geogy J.

2015-06-24

X-ray powder diffraction and Raman measurements were performed on the mixed crystals of deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) and deuterated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (DADP) grown at our lab. These crystals are known to behave like deuteron glasses due to frustration between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric ordering. Both spectral as well as structural studies indicate that crystals belonging to the glassy regions of the crystal composition have stronger O-D-O hydrogen bonds as compared to those belong to the ferroelectric or antiferroelectric regions of the crystal composition.

Efficient hybrid evolutionary algorithm for optimization of a strip coiling process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pholdee, Nantiwat; Park, Won-Woong; Kim, Dong-Kyu; Im, Yong-Taek; Bureerat, Sujin; Kwon, Hyuck-Cheol; Chun, Myung-Sik

2015-04-01

This article proposes an efficient metaheuristic based on hybridization of teaching-learning-based optimization and differential evolution for optimization to improve the flatness of a strip during a strip coiling process. Differential evolution operators were integrated into the teaching-learning-based optimization with a Latin hypercube sampling technique for generation of an initial population. The objective function was introduced to reduce axial inhomogeneity of the stress distribution and the maximum compressive stress calculated by Love's elastic solution within the thin strip, which may cause an irregular surface profile of the strip during the strip coiling process. The hybrid optimizer and several well-established evolutionary algorithms (EAs) were used to solve the optimization problem. The comparative studies show that the proposed hybrid algorithm outperformed other EAs in terms of convergence rate and consistency. It was found that the proposed hybrid approach was powerful for process optimization, especially with a large-scale design problem.

Calibrating ultrasonic test equipment for checking thin metal strip stock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peterson, R. M.

1967-01-01

Calibration technique detects minute laminar-type discontinuities in thin metal strip stock. Patterns of plastic tape are preselected to include minutely calculated discontinuities and the tape is applied to the strip stock to intercept the incident sonic beam.

Wide Strip Casting Technology of Magnesium Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, W.-J.; Kim, J. J.; Kim, I. J.; Choo, D.

Extensive investigations relating to the production of high performance and low cost magnesium sheet by strip casting have been performed for the application to automotive parts and electronic devices. Research on magnesium sheet production technology started in 2004 by Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST) with support of Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO). POSCO has completed the world's first plant to manufacture magnesium coil. Another big project in order to develop wide strip casting technology for the automotive applications of magnesium sheets was started in succession.

High effectiveness of tailored flower strips in reducing pests and crop plant damage

PubMed Central

Tschumi, Matthias; Albrecht, Matthias; Entling, Martin H.; Jacot, Katja

2015-01-01

Providing key resources to animals may enhance both their biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. We examined the performance of annual flower strips targeted at the promotion of natural pest control in winter wheat. Flower strips were experimentally sown along 10 winter wheat fields across a gradient of landscape complexity (i.e. proportion non-crop area within 750 m around focal fields) and compared with 15 fields with wheat control strips. We found strong reductions in cereal leaf beetle (CLB) density (larvae: 40%; adults of the second generation: 53%) and plant damage caused by CLB (61%) in fields with flower strips compared with control fields. Natural enemies of CLB were strongly increased in flower strips and in part also in adjacent wheat fields. Flower strip effects on natural enemies, pests and crop damage were largely independent of landscape complexity (8–75% non-crop area). Our study demonstrates a high effectiveness of annual flower strips in promoting pest control, reducing CLB pest levels below the economic threshold. Hence, the studied flower strip offers a viable alternative to insecticides. This highlights the high potential of tailored agri-environment schemes to contribute to ecological intensification and may encourage more farmers to adopt such schemes. PMID:26311668

High effectiveness of tailored flower strips in reducing pests and crop plant damage.

PubMed

Tschumi, Matthias; Albrecht, Matthias; Entling, Martin H; Jacot, Katja

2015-09-07

Providing key resources to animals may enhance both their biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. We examined the performance of annual flower strips targeted at the promotion of natural pest control in winter wheat. Flower strips were experimentally sown along 10 winter wheat fields across a gradient of landscape complexity (i.e. proportion non-crop area within 750 m around focal fields) and compared with 15 fields with wheat control strips. We found strong reductions in cereal leaf beetle(CLB) density (larvae: 40%; adults of the second generation: 53%) and plant damage caused by CLB (61%) in fields with flower strips compared with control fields. Natural enemies of CLB were strongly increased in flower strips and in part also in adjacent wheat fields. Flower strip effects on natural enemies, pests and crop damage were largely independent of landscape complexity(8-75% non-crop area). Our study demonstrates a high effectiveness of annual flower strips in promoting pest control, reducing CLB pest levels below the economic threshold. Hence, the studied flower strip offers a viable alternative to insecticides. This highlights the high potential of tailored agri-environment schemes to contribute to ecological intensification and may encourage more farmers to adopt such schemes.

Bonded orthotropic strips with cracks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delale, F.; Erdogan, F.

1978-01-01

The elastostatic problem for a nonhomogeneous plane which consists of two sets of periodically arranged dissimilar orthotropic strips is considered. First, the problem of cracks fully imbedded into the homogeneous strips is considered. Then, the singular behavior of the stresses for two special crack geometries is studied in some detail. The first is the case of a broken laminate in which the crack tips touch the interfaces. The second is the case of cracks crossing the interfaces. A number of numerical examples are worked out in order to separate the primary material parameters influencing the stress intensity factors and the powers of stress singularity, and to determine the trends regarding the influence of the secondary parameters. Finally, some numerical results are given for the stress intensity factors in certain basic crack geometries and for typical material combinations.

How controllers compensate for the lack of flight progress strips.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-02-01

The role of the Flight Progress Strip, currently used to display important flight data, has been debated because of long range plans to automate the air traffic control (ATC) human-computer interface. Currently, the Fight Progress Strip is viewed by ...

Spallation reactions: A successful interplay between modeling and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

David, J.-C.

2015-06-01

The spallation reactions are a type of nuclear reaction which occur in space by interaction of the cosmic rays with interstellar bodies. The first spallation reactions induced with an accelerator took place in 1947 at the Berkeley cyclotron (University of California) with 200MeV deuterons and 400MeV alpha beams. They highlighted the multiple emission of neutrons and charged particles and the production of a large number of residual nuclei far different from the target nuclei. In the same year, R. Serber described the reaction in two steps: a first and fast one with high-energy particle emission leading to an excited remnant nucleus, and a second one, much slower, the de-excitation of the remnant. In 2010 IAEA organized a workshop to present the results of the most widely used spallation codes within a benchmark of spallation models. If one of the goals was to understand the deficiencies, if any, in each code, one remarkable outcome points out the overall high-quality level of some models and so the great improvements achieved since Serber. Particle transport codes can then rely on such spallation models to treat the reactions between a light particle and an atomic nucleus with energies spanning from few tens of MeV up to some GeV. An overview of the spallation reactions modeling is presented in order to point out the incomparable contribution of models based on basic physics to numerous applications where such reactions occur. Validations or benchmarks, which are necessary steps in the improvement process, are also addressed, as well as the potential future domains of development. Spallation reactions modeling is a representative case of continuous studies aiming at understanding a reaction mechanism and which end up in a powerful tool.

Relation of the Yield of the Isomeric Pair Te$sup 121$m, Te$sup 121$, Formed in the Nuclear Reaction, Sb$sup 121$(d,2n)Te$sup 121$. Report No. 61; RELACION DE LOS RENDIMENTOS DEL PAR ISOMERICO Te$sup 121$m, Te$sup 121$, FORMADO EN LA REACCION NUCLEAR Sb$sup 121$(d,2N)Te$sup 121$. INFORME NO. 61

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nassiff, S.J.; Abecasis, S.; Mocoroa, A.

1961-01-01

The effective cross sections of the isomeric pair, tellurium-121m- tellurium-121 in the reaction antimony121(d,2n)tellurium-121 were determined experimentally for deuteron energies from 9 to 28 Mev. (tr-auth)

Stress intensity factors and COD in an orthotropic strip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaya, A. C.; Erdogan, F.

1980-01-01

The elasticity problem for an orthotropic strip or a beam with an internal or an edge crack under general loading conditions is considered. The numerical results are given for four basic loading conditions, namely, uniform tension, pure bending, three point bending, and concentrated surface shear loading. For the strip with an edge crack additional results regarding the crack opening displacements are obtained by using the plastic strip model. A critical quantity which is tabulated is the maximum compressive stress in the plane of the crack. It is shown that this stress may easily exceed the yield limit in compression and hence may severely limit the range of application of the plasticity results.

ITCS Test Strip Development and Certification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carrigan, Caitlin; Adam, Niklas; Pickering, Karen; Gazda, Daniel; Piowaty, Hailey

2011-01-01

Internal coolant loops used for International Space Station thermal control must be periodically monitored for system health, including pH, biocide levels and any indication of ammonia. The presence of ammonia, possible via a microleak in the interface between the internal and external thermal control systems, could be a danger to the crew. The Internal Thermal Control System (ITCS) Sampling Kit uses test strips as a colorimetric indicator of pH and concentrations of biocide and free ammonia. This paper describes the challenges in designing an ammonia colorimetric indicator in a variable pH environment, as well as lessons learned, ultimately resulting in a robust test strip to indicate a hazardous ammonia leak.

Flexible Faraday Cage with a Twist: Surface Charge on a Mobius Strip

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Sean

2007-01-01

Once an intriguing topological novelty known only to mathematicians, the Mobius strip has become a source of fascination and inspiration to the layperson and artist alike. Principal among its features are the two strange properties that the Mobius strip is a surface with only one side and one edge. A Mobius strip is readily formed by taking a long…

Trees for strip-mined lands

Treesearch

George Hart; William R. Byrnes

1960-01-01

Open-pit or strip mining has become an important method of mining bituminous coal in Pennsylvania. In 1958 some 19.5 million tons of soft coal - 29 percent of the total bituminous production in the State - were produced by this method.

Assessment of stripped asphalt pavement.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-01-01

Many miles of stripped pavement need to be restored to a serviceable condition, but there is no accepted procedure to determine whether the pavement should remain in place or be removed during the rehabilitation process. This report describes the att...

Stripping potential of bituminous concrete.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

Laboratory data were gathered with a newly developed stripping test in anticipation that the test would be adopted for use by the Department. In addition to providing experience in the performance of the test and interpretation of test results, the i...

Spatially distinct responses within willow to bark stripping by deer: effects on insect herbivory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, Motonobu; Nakamura, Masahiro

2015-10-01

Within individual plants, cervid herbivory may cause positive or negative plant-mediated effects on insect herbivores, depending on where it occurs. Using a combination of field observations and artificial bark-stripping experiments in Hokkaido, Japan, we examined the plant-mediated effects of bark stripping by sika deer ( Cervus nippon yesoensis) on insect herbivory in two spatially distinct parts of willow ( Salix udensis) trees: resprouting leaves below bark-stripping wounds and canopy leaves above. Natural and artificial bark stripping stimulated resprouting from trunks below wounds. Resprouting leaves on bark-stripped trees had lower total phenolics, condensed tannin, and C/N ratios than did canopy leaves on control trees. Herbivory rates were higher in resprouting leaves on bark-stripped trees than in canopy leaves on controls. Conversely, above-wound canopy leaves on bark-stripped trees had higher total phenolics than did those on controls, while herbivory rates were lower in the canopy leaves of bark-stripped trees than in those on controls. These results demonstrate that plant-mediated effects of bark stripping diverge between plant tissues below and above wounds in individual willow trees. We submit that focusing on multiple plant parts can elucidate plant-mediated effects at the whole-plant scale.

Fluorimetric Mercury Test Strips with Suppressed "Coffee Stains" by a Bio-inspired Fabrication Strategy.

PubMed

Qiao, Yuchun; Shang, Jizhen; Li, Shuying; Feng, Luping; Jiang, Yao; Duan, Zhiqiang; Lv, Xiaoxia; Zhang, Chunxian; Yao, Tiantian; Dong, Zhichao; Zhang, Yu; Wang, Hua

2016-11-04

A fluorimetric Hg 2+ test strip has been developed using a lotus-inspired fabrication method for suppressing the "coffee stains" toward the uniform distribution of probe materials through creating a hydrophobic drying pattern for fast solvent evaporation. The test strips were first loaded with the model probes of fluorescent gold-silver nanoclusters and then dried in vacuum on the hydrophobic pattern. On the one hand, here, the hydrophobic constraining forces from the lotus surface-like pattern could control the exterior transport of dispersed nanoclusters on strips leading to the minimized "coffee stains". On the other hand, the vacuum-aided fast solvent evaporation could boost the interior Marangoni flow of probe materials on strips to expect the further improved probe distribution on strips. High aqueous stability and enhanced fluorescence of probes on test strips were realized by the hydrophilic treatment with amine-derivatized silicane. A test strips-based fluorimetry has thereby been developed for probing Hg 2+ ions in wastewater, showing the detection performances comparable to the classic instrumental analysis ones. Such a facile and efficient fabrication route for the bio-inspired suppression of "coffee stains" on test strips may expand the scope of applications of test strips-based "point-of-care" analysis methods or detection devices in the biomedical and environmental fields.

Snap-buckling in asymmetrically constrained elastic strips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sano, Tomohiko G.; Wada, Hirofumi

2018-01-01

When a flat elastic strip is compressed along its axis, it is bent in one of two possible directions via spontaneous symmetry breaking, forming a cylindrical arc. This is a phenomenon well known as Euler buckling. When this cylindrical section is pushed in the other direction, the bending direction can suddenly reverse. This instability is called "snap-through buckling" and is one of the elementary shape transitions in a prestressed thin structure. Combining experiments and theory, we study snap-buckling of an elastic strip with one end hinged and the other end clamped. These asymmetric boundary constraints break the intrinsic symmetry of the strip, generating mechanical behaviors, including largely hysteretic but reproducible force responses and switchlike discontinuous shape changes. We establish the set of exact analytical solutions to fully explain all our major experimental and numerical findings. Asymmetric boundary conditions arise naturally in diverse situations when a thin object is in contact with a solid surface at one end. The introduction of asymmetry through boundary conditions yields new insight into complex and programmable functionalities in material and industrial design.

Integration of stripping of fines slurry in a coking and gasification process

DOEpatents

DeGeorge, Charles W.

1980-01-01

In an integrated fluid coking and gasification process wherein a stream of fluidized solids is passed from a fluidized bed coking zone to a second fluidized bed and wherein entrained solid fines are recovered by a wet scrubbing process and wherein the resulting solids-liquid slurry is stripped to remove acidic gases, the stripped vapors of the stripping zone are sent to the gas cleanup stage of the gasification product gas. The improved stripping integration is particularly useful in the combination coal liquefaction process, fluid coking of bottoms of the coal liquefaction zone and gasification of the product coke.

Experimental study of relativistic effects in the dp breakup reaction using the WASA detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kłos, B.; Ciepał, I.; Jamróz, B.; Khatri, G.; Kistryn, S.; Kozela, A.; Magiera, A.; Parol, W.; Skwira-Chalot, I.; Stephan, E.

2014-03-01

An experiment to investigate the 1H(overrightarrow d , pp)n breakup reaction at 340 MeV, 360 MeV and 400 MeV deuteron beam energy has been performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich with the WASA detector. The main goal was to study of various aspects of few-nucleon dynamics in the medium energy region, with a particular emphasis on relativistic effects and their interplay with three nucelon forces. The almost 4π geometry of the WASA detector gives an unique possibility to study the different aspects of nucleon-nucleon dynamics in the three nucleon system. The preliminary analysis of the collected data is presented.

High-energy deuteron measurement with the CAPRICE98 experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ambriola, M.; Bartalucci, S.; Bellotti, R.; Bergström, D.; Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Bravar, U.; Cafagna, F.; Carlson, P.; Casolino, M.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; De Marzo, C. N.; De Pascale, M. P.; Finetti, N.; Francke, T.; Hansen, P.; Hof, M.; Kremer, J.; Menn, W.; Mitchell, J. W.; Mocchiutti, E.; Morselli, A.; Ormes, J. F.; Papini, P.; Piccardi, S.; Picozza, P.; Ricci, M.; Schiavon, P.; Simon, M.; Sparvoli, R.; Spillantini, P.; Stephens, S. A.; Stochaj, S. J.; Streitmatter, R. E.; Suffert, M.; Vacchi, A.; Vannuccini, E.; Zampa, N.

The CAPRICE98 balloon-borne instrument was flown on 28-29 May 1998 from Fort Sumner (New Mexico, USA). The detector configuration included the NMSU-WiZard/CAPRICE superconducting-magnet spectrometer equipped with a gas RICH, a silicon-tungsten calorimeter and a time-of-flight system. By combining the information from the spectrometer and the RICH, which was used as a threshold device, it was possible to separate 2H from 1H in the kinetic energy range from 12 to 22 GeV/n. In order to estimate the proton background and the deuteron selection efficiency, an empirical model for the response of the instrument, based on the data collected in this experiment, was developed. The analysis procedure is described in this paper and the results on the absolute flux of 2H and 2H/He ratio are presented. These data on 2H abundance represent the only measurements above 10 GeV/n.

Correcting systematic errors in high-sensitivity deuteron polarization measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brantjes, N. P. M.; Dzordzhadze, V.; Gebel, R.; Gonnella, F.; Gray, F. E.; van der Hoek, D. J.; Imig, A.; Kruithof, W. L.; Lazarus, D. M.; Lehrach, A.; Lorentz, B.; Messi, R.; Moricciani, D.; Morse, W. M.; Noid, G. A.; Onderwater, C. J. G.; Özben, C. S.; Prasuhn, D.; Levi Sandri, P.; Semertzidis, Y. K.; da Silva e Silva, M.; Stephenson, E. J.; Stockhorst, H.; Venanzoni, G.; Versolato, O. O.

2012-02-01

This paper reports deuteron vector and tensor beam polarization measurements taken to investigate the systematic variations due to geometric beam misalignments and high data rates. The experiments used the In-Beam Polarimeter at the KVI-Groningen and the EDDA detector at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY at Jülich. By measuring with very high statistical precision, the contributions that are second-order in the systematic errors become apparent. By calibrating the sensitivity of the polarimeter to such errors, it becomes possible to obtain information from the raw count rate values on the size of the errors and to use this information to correct the polarization measurements. During the experiment, it was possible to demonstrate that corrections were satisfactory at the level of 10 -5 for deliberately large errors. This may facilitate the real time observation of vector polarization changes smaller than 10 -6 in a search for an electric dipole moment using a storage ring.

Interpretation of the human skin biotribological behaviour after tape stripping.

PubMed

Pailler-Mattei, C; Guerret-Piécourt, C; Zahouani, H; Nicoli, S

2011-07-06

The present study deals with the modification of the human skin biotribological behaviour after tape stripping. The tape-stripping procedure consists in the sequential application and removal of adhesive tapes on the skin surface in order to remove stratum corneum (SC) layers, which electrically charges the skin surface. The skin electric charges generated by tape stripping highly change the skin friction behaviour by increasing the adhesion component of the skin friction coefficient. It has been proposed to rewrite the friction adhesion component as the sum of two terms: the first classical adhesion term depending on the intrinsic shear strength, τ(0), and the second term depending on the electric shear strength, τ(elec). The experimental results allowed to estimate a numerical value of the electric shear strength τ(elec). Moreover, a plan capacitor model with a dielectric material inside was used to modelize the experimental system. This physical model permitted to evaluate the friction electric force and the electric shear strength values to calculate the skin friction coefficient after the tape stripping. The comparison between the experimental and the theoretical value of the skin friction coefficient after the tape stripping has shown the importance of the electric charges on skin biotribological behaviour. The static electric charges produced by tape stripping on the skin surface are probably able to highly modify the interaction of formulations with the skin surface and their spreading properties. This phenomenon, generally overlooked, should be taken into consideration as it could be involved in alteration of drug absorption.

Interpretation of the human skin biotribological behaviour after tape stripping

PubMed Central

Pailler-Mattei, C.; Guerret-Piécourt, C.; Zahouani, H.; Nicoli, S.

2011-01-01

The present study deals with the modification of the human skin biotribological behaviour after tape stripping. The tape-stripping procedure consists in the sequential application and removal of adhesive tapes on the skin surface in order to remove stratum corneum (SC) layers, which electrically charges the skin surface. The skin electric charges generated by tape stripping highly change the skin friction behaviour by increasing the adhesion component of the skin friction coefficient. It has been proposed to rewrite the friction adhesion component as the sum of two terms: the first classical adhesion term depending on the intrinsic shear strength, τ0, and the second term depending on the electric shear strength, τelec. The experimental results allowed to estimate a numerical value of the electric shear strength τelec. Moreover, a plan capacitor model with a dielectric material inside was used to modelize the experimental system. This physical model permitted to evaluate the friction electric force and the electric shear strength values to calculate the skin friction coefficient after the tape stripping. The comparison between the experimental and the theoretical value of the skin friction coefficient after the tape stripping has shown the importance of the electric charges on skin biotribological behaviour. The static electric charges produced by tape stripping on the skin surface are probably able to highly modify the interaction of formulations with the skin surface and their spreading properties. This phenomenon, generally overlooked, should be taken into consideration as it could be involved in alteration of drug absorption. PMID:21227961

Improved dielectric functions in metallic films obtained via template stripping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hyuk Park, Jong; Nagpal, Prashant; Oh, Sang-Hyun; Norris, David J.

2012-02-01

We compare the dielectric functions of silver interfaces obtained via thermal evaporation with those obtained with template stripping. Ellipsometry measurements show that the smoother template-stripped surfaces exhibit effective dielectric functions with a more negative real component and a smaller imaginary component, implying higher conductivity and less energy loss, respectively. These results agree with the relation between dielectric function and surface roughness derived from combining the effective-medium model and the Drude-Lorentz model. The improvement in the effective dielectric properties shows that metallic films prepared via template stripping can be favorable for applications in electronics, nanophotonics, and plasmonics.

Conversion of ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen by reaction with a sulfided catalyst

DOEpatents

Matthews, Charles W.

1977-01-01

A method is provided for removing ammonia from the sour water stream of a coal gasification process. The basic steps comprise stripping the ammonia from the sour water; heating the stripped ammonia to a temperature from between 400.degree. to 1,000.degree. F; passing the gaseous ammonia through a reactor containing a sulfided catalyst to produce elemental hydrogen and nitrogen; and scrubbing the reaction product to obtain an ammonia-free gas. The residual equilibrium ammonia produced by the reactor is recycled into the stripper. The ammonia-free gas may be advantageously treated in a Claus process to recover elemental sulfur. Iron sulfide or cobalt molybdenum sulfide catalysts are used.

The Preferential Tidal Stripping of Dark Matter versus Stars in Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Rory; Choi, Hoseung; Lee, Jaehyun; Rhee, Jinsu; Sanchez-Janssen, Ruben; Yi, Sukyoung K.

2016-12-01

Using high-resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulations, we conduct a comprehensive study of how tidal stripping removes dark matter and stars from galaxies. We find that dark matter is always stripped far more significantly than the stars—galaxies that lose ˜80% of their dark matter, typically lose only 10% of their stars. This is because the dark matter halo is initially much more extended than the stars. As such, we find that the stellar-to-halo size-ratio (measured using r eff/r vir) is a key parameter controlling the relative amounts of dark matter and stellar stripping. We use simple fitting formulae to measure the relation between the fraction of bound dark matter and the fraction of bound stars. We measure a negligible dependence on cluster mass or galaxy mass. Therefore, these formulae have general applicability in cosmological simulations, and are ideal to improve stellar stripping recipes in semi-analytical models, and/or to estimate the impact that tidal stripping would have on galaxies when only their halo mass evolution is known.

Bimetallic strip for low temperature use. [4-300/sup 0/K

DOEpatents

Bussiee, J.F.; Welch, D.O.; Suenaga, M.

A class of mechanically pre-stressed structures is provided suitably bi-layer strips, consisting of a layer of group 5 transition metals in intimate contact with a layer of an intermetallic compound of transition metals with certain group 3A, 4A or 5A metals or metalloids such as Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, As or Sb. The changes of Young's modulus of these bi-layered combinations at temperatures in the region of somewhat above absolute zero provides a useful means of sensing temperature changes. Such bi-metallic strips may be used as control strips in thermostats, or in direct dial reading instruments. The structures are made by preparing a sandwich of a group 5B transition metal strip between the substantially thicker strips of an alloy between copper and a predetermined group 3A, 4A or 5A metal or metalloid, holding the three layers are heated, cooled the copper alloys and is removed. Removing one of the two formed interlayer alloys between the transition metal and the metal previously alloyed with copper remain.

Using pad‐stripped acausally filtered strong‐motion data

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boore, David; Sisi, Aida Azari; Akkar, Sinan

2012-01-01

Most strong‐motion data processing involves acausal low‐cut filtering, which requires the addition of sometimes lengthy zero pads to the data. These padded sections are commonly removed by organizations supplying data, but this can lead to incompatibilities in measures of ground motion derived in the usual way from the padded and the pad‐stripped data. One way around this is to use the correct initial conditions in the pad‐stripped time series when computing displacements, velocities, and linear oscillator response. Another way of ensuring compatibility is to use postprocessing of the pad‐stripped acceleration time series. Using 4071 horizontal and vertical acceleration time series from the Turkish strong‐motion database, we show that the procedures used by two organizations—ITACA (ITalian ACcelerometric Archive) and PEER NGA (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center–Next Generation Attenuation)—lead to little bias and distortion of derived seismic‐intensity measures.

Antenna structure with distributed strip

DOEpatents

Rodenbeck, Christopher T.

2008-10-21

An antenna comprises electrical conductors arranged to form a radiating element including a folded line configuration and a distributed strip configuration, where the radiating element is in proximity to a ground conductor. The folded line and the distributed strip can be electrically interconnected and substantially coplanar. The ground conductor can be spaced from, and coplanar to, the radiating element, or can alternatively lie in a plane set at an angle to the radiating element. Embodiments of the antenna include conductor patterns formed on a printed wiring board, having a ground plane, spacedly adjacent to and coplanar with the radiating element. Other embodiments of the antenna comprise a ground plane and radiating element on opposed sides of a printed wiring board. Other embodiments of the antenna comprise conductors that can be arranged as free standing "foils". Other embodiments include antennas that are encapsulated into a package containing the antenna.

Antenna structure with distributed strip

DOEpatents

Rodenbeck, Christopher T [Albuquerque, NM

2008-03-18

An antenna comprises electrical conductors arranged to form a radiating element including a folded line configuration and a distributed strip configuration, where the radiating element is in proximity to a ground conductor. The folded line and the distributed strip can be electrically interconnected and substantially coplanar. The ground conductor can be spaced from, and coplanar to, the radiating element, or can alternatively lie in a plane set at an angle to the radiating element. Embodiments of the antenna include conductor patterns formed on a printed wiring board, having a ground plane, spacedly adjacent to and coplanar with the radiating element. Other embodiments of the antenna comprise a ground plane and radiating element on opposed sides of a printed wiring board. Other embodiments of the antenna comprise conductors that can be arranged as free standing "foils". Other embodiments include antennas that are encapsulated into a package containing the antenna.

On the Formation of Ultra-Difuse Galaxies as Tidally-Stripped Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carleton, Timothy; Cooper, Michael; Kaplinghat, Manoj; Errani, Raphael; Penarrubia, Jorge

2018-01-01

The recent identification of a large population of so-called 'Ultra-Diffuse' Galaxies (UDGs), with stellar masses ~108 M⊙, but half light radii over 1.5 kpc, has challenged our understanding of galaxy evolution. Motivated by the environmental dependence of UDG properties and abundance, I present a model for the formation of UDGs through tidal-stripping of dwarf galaxies in cored dark matter halos. To test this scenario, I utilize results from simulations of tidal stripping, which demonstrate that changes in the stellar profile of a tidally stripped galaxy can be written as a function of the amount of tidal stripping experienced by the halo (tidal tracks). These tracks, however, are different for cored and cuspy halos. Additional simulations show how the halo responds to tidal interactions given the halo orbit within a cluster.In particular, dwarf elliptical galaxies, born in 1010-10.5 M⊙ halos, expand significantly as a result of tidal stripping and produce UDGs. Applying these models to the population of halos in the Bolshoi simulation, I am able to follow the effects of tidal stripping on the dwarf galaxy population in clusters. Using tidal tracks for cuspy halos does not reproduce the observed properties of UDGs. However, using the tidal tracks for cored halos, I reproduce the distribution of sizes, stellar masses, and abundance of UDGs in clusters remarkably well.

Approaching total absorption of graphene strips using a c-Si subwavelength periodic membrane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sang, Tian; Wang, Rui; Li, Junlang; Zhou, Jianyu; Wang, Yueke

2018-04-01

Approaching total absorption of graphene strips at near infrared using a crystalline-silicon (c-Si) subwavelength periodic membrane (SPM) is presented. The absorption in graphene strips in a c-Si SPM is enhanced by a resonant tip, which is resulted from the coupling between the guided mode and the radiation mode through symmetry breaking of the structure at near-normal incidence. The enhancement of the electric field intensity is increased 1939 times and the group velocity of light is decreased to 3.55 ×10-4c at resonance, and 99.3% absorption in graphene strips can be achieved by critical coupling at the incident angle of 2°. High absorption of the graphene strips can be maintained as the etching thickness, the strip width, and the period are altered. When this type of c-Si SPM with graphene strips is used in refractive index sensors, it shows excellent sensing properties due to its stable near-unity absorption.

A prospective randomised trial of PIN versus conventional stripping in varicose vein surgery.

PubMed Central

Durkin, M. T.; Turton, E. P.; Scott, D. J.; Berridge, D. C.

1999-01-01

A prospective, randomised trial was carried out to examine the efficacy of perforate invagination (PIN, Credenhill Ltd, Derbyshire, UK) stripping of the long saphenous vein (LSV) in comparison to conventional stripping (Astratech AB, Sweden) in the surgical management of primary varicose veins. Eighty patients with primary varicosities secondary to sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) incompetence and LSV reflux were recruited. Patients were randomised to PIN or conventional stripping with all other operative techniques remaining constant. Follow-up was performed at 1 and 6 weeks postoperatively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two techniques in terms of time taken to strip the vein, percentage of vein stripped or the area of bruising at 1 week. The size of the exit site was significantly smaller with the PIN device (P < or = 0.01). Optimal use of the conventional stripper provides results comparable to the PIN device. Choice of stripping device remains the surgeon's, bearing in mind that the PIN stripper achieves slightly better cosmesis. PMID:10364948

Integrated Joule switches for the control of current dynamics in parallel superconducting strips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casaburi, A.; Heath, R. M.; Cristiano, R.; Ejrnaes, M.; Zen, N.; Ohkubo, M.; Hadfield, R. H.

2018-06-01

Understanding and harnessing the physics of the dynamic current distribution in parallel superconducting strips holds the key to creating next generation sensors for single molecule and single photon detection. Non-uniformity in the current distribution in parallel superconducting strips leads to low detection efficiency and unstable operation, preventing the scale up to large area sensors. Recent studies indicate that non-uniform current distributions occurring in parallel strips can be understood and modeled in the framework of the generalized London model. Here we build on this important physical insight, investigating an innovative design with integrated superconducting-to-resistive Joule switches to break the superconducting loops between the strips and thus control the current dynamics. Employing precision low temperature nano-optical techniques, we map the uniformity of the current distribution before- and after the resistive strip switching event, confirming the effectiveness of our design. These results provide important insights for the development of next generation large area superconducting strip-based sensors.

Template-Stripped Tunable Plasmonic Devices on Stretchable and Rollable Substrates

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

We use template stripping to integrate metallic nanostructures onto flexible, stretchable, and rollable substrates. Using this approach, high-quality patterned metals that are replicated from reusable silicon templates can be directly transferred to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. First we produce stretchable gold nanohole arrays and show that their optical transmission spectra can be modulated by mechanical stretching. Next we fabricate stretchable arrays of gold pyramids and demonstrate a modulation of the wavelength of light resonantly scattered from the tip of the pyramid by stretching the underlying PDMS film. The use of a flexible transfer layer also enables template stripping using a cylindrical roller as a substrate. As an example, we demonstrate roller template stripping of metallic nanoholes, nanodisks, wires, and pyramids onto the cylindrical surface of a glass rod lens. These nonplanar metallic structures produced via template stripping with flexible and stretchable films can facilitate many applications in sensing, display, plasmonics, metasurfaces, and roll-to-roll fabrication. PMID:26402066