Current Uses of Artificial Intelligence in Special Education. Abstract XI: Research & Resources on Special Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, Reston, VA.

Summarized are two reports of a federally funded project on the use of artificial intelligence in special education. The first report, "Artificial Intelligence Applications in Special Education: How Feasible?," by Alan Hofmeister and Joseph Ferrara, provides information on the development and evaluation of a series of prototype systems in special…

"It's Going to Kill Us!" and Other Myths about the Future of Artificial Intelligence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atkinson, Robert D.

2016-01-01

Given the promise that artificial intelligence (AI) holds for economic growth and societal advancement, it is critical that policymakers not only avoid retarding the progress of AI innovation, but also actively support its further development and use. This report provides a primer on artificial intelligence and debunks five prevailing myths that,…

A system for intelligent teleoperation research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orlando, N. E.

1983-01-01

The Automation Technology Branch of NASA Langley Research Center is developing a research capability in the field of artificial intelligence, particularly as applicable in teleoperator/robotics development for remote space operations. As a testbed for experimentation in these areas, a system concept has been developed and is being implemented. This system termed DAISIE (Distributed Artificially Intelligent System for Interacting with the Environment), interfaces the key processes of perception, reasoning, and manipulation by linking hardware sensors and manipulators to a modular artificial intelligence (AI) software system in a hierarchical control structure. Verification experiments have been performed: one experiment used a blocksworld database and planner embedded in the DAISIE system to intelligently manipulate a simple physical environment; the other experiment implemented a joint-space collision avoidance algorithm. Continued system development is planned.

Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium Annual Report. 1988 Interference Techniques for Knowledge Base Maintenance Using Logic Programming Methodologies. Volume 11

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-01

Northeast Aritificial Intelligence Consortium (NAIC). i Table of Contents Execu tive Sum m ary...o g~nIl ’vLr COPY o~ T- RADC-TR-89-259, Vol XI (of twelve) N Interim Report SOctober 1989 NORTHEAST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONSORTIUM ANNUAL REPORT...ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION Northeast Artificial (If applicable) Intelligence Consortium (NAIC) . Rome Air Development

A Cyber Situational Awareness Model for Network Administrators

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

environments, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence , and so on. As users’ data requirements grow more complex, they demand information...security of systems of interest. Further, artificial intelligence is a powerful concept in information technology. Therefore, new research should...look into how to use artificial intelligence to develop CSA. Human interaction with cyber systems is not making networks and their components safer

The 1994 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hostetter, Carl F. (Editor)

1994-01-01

This publication comprises the papers presented at the 1994 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence held at the NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, on 10-12 May 1994. The purpose of this annual conference is to provide a forum in which current research and development directed at space applications of artificial intelligence can be presented and discussed.

Artificial Intelligence and Its Potential as an Aid to Vocational Training and Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aleksander, I.; And Others

This document contains a series of papers which attempt to de-mystify the subject of artificial intelligence and to show how some countries in the European Community (EC) are approaching the promotion of development and application of artificial intelligence systems that can be used as an aid in vocational training programs, as well as to…

The 1993 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hostetter, Carl F. (Editor)

1993-01-01

This publication comprises the papers presented at the 1993 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence held at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD on May 10-13, 1993. The purpose of this annual conference is to provide a forum in which current research and development directed at space applications of artificial intelligence can be presented and discussed.

Artificial-intelligence-based optimization of the management of snow removal assets and resources.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-10-01

Geographic information systems (GIS) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques were used to develop an intelligent : snow removal asset management system (SRAMS). The system has been evaluated through a case study examining : snow removal from the ...

Artificial intelligence in nanotechnology.

PubMed

Sacha, G M; Varona, P

2013-11-15

During the last decade there has been increasing use of artificial intelligence tools in nanotechnology research. In this paper we review some of these efforts in the context of interpreting scanning probe microscopy, the study of biological nanosystems, the classification of material properties at the nanoscale, theoretical approaches and simulations in nanoscience, and generally in the design of nanodevices. Current trends and future perspectives in the development of nanocomputing hardware that can boost artificial-intelligence-based applications are also discussed. Convergence between artificial intelligence and nanotechnology can shape the path for many technological developments in the field of information sciences that will rely on new computer architectures and data representations, hybrid technologies that use biological entities and nanotechnological devices, bioengineering, neuroscience and a large variety of related disciplines.

Artificial intelligence in nanotechnology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sacha, G. M.; Varona, P.

2013-11-01

During the last decade there has been increasing use of artificial intelligence tools in nanotechnology research. In this paper we review some of these efforts in the context of interpreting scanning probe microscopy, the study of biological nanosystems, the classification of material properties at the nanoscale, theoretical approaches and simulations in nanoscience, and generally in the design of nanodevices. Current trends and future perspectives in the development of nanocomputing hardware that can boost artificial-intelligence-based applications are also discussed. Convergence between artificial intelligence and nanotechnology can shape the path for many technological developments in the field of information sciences that will rely on new computer architectures and data representations, hybrid technologies that use biological entities and nanotechnological devices, bioengineering, neuroscience and a large variety of related disciplines.

Decision-Making and the Interface between Human Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence. AIR 1987 Annual Forum Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henard, Ralph E.

Possible future developments in artificial intelligence (AI) as well as its limitations are considered that have implications for institutional research in higher education, and especially decision making and decision support systems. It is noted that computer software programs have been developed that store knowledge and mimic the decision-making…

Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wash, Darrel Patrick

1989-01-01

Making a machine seem intelligent is not easy. As a consequence, demand has been rising for computer professionals skilled in artificial intelligence and is likely to continue to go up. These workers develop expert systems and solve the mysteries of machine vision, natural language processing, and neural networks. (Editor)

Systematic review of dermoscopy and digital dermoscopy/ artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of melanoma.

PubMed

Rajpara, S M; Botello, A P; Townend, J; Ormerod, A D

2009-09-01

Dermoscopy improves diagnostic accuracy of the unaided eye for melanoma, and digital dermoscopy with artificial intelligence or computer diagnosis has also been shown useful for the diagnosis of melanoma. At present there is no clear evidence regarding the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy compared with artificial intelligence. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy and digital dermoscopy/artificial intelligence for melanoma diagnosis and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the different dermoscopic algorithms with each other and with digital dermoscopy/artificial intelligence for the detection of melanoma. A literature search on dermoscopy and digital dermoscopy/artificial intelligence for melanoma diagnosis was performed using several databases. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were screened using a literature evaluation form. A quality assessment form was developed to assess the quality of the included studies. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed. Pooled data were analysed using meta-analytical methods and comparisons between different algorithms were performed. Of 765 articles retrieved, 30 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity for artificial intelligence was slightly higher than for dermoscopy (91% vs. 88%; P = 0.076). Pooled specificity for dermoscopy was significantly better than artificial intelligence (86% vs. 79%; P < 0.001). Pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 51.5 for dermoscopy and 57.8 for artificial intelligence, which were not significantly different (P = 0.783). There were no significance differences in diagnostic odds ratio among the different dermoscopic diagnostic algorithms. Dermoscopy and artificial intelligence performed equally well for diagnosis of melanocytic skin lesions. There was no significant difference in the diagnostic performance of various dermoscopy algorithms. The three-point checklist, the seven-point checklist and Menzies score had better diagnostic odds ratios than the others; however, these results need to be confirmed by a large-scale high-quality population-based study.

An overview of artificial intelligence and robotics. Volume 1: Artificial intelligence. Part A: The core ingredients

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gevarter, W. B.

1983-01-01

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that has recently attracted considerable attention. Many applications are now under development. The goal of Artificial Intelligence is focused on developing computational approaches to intelligent behavior. This goal is so broad - covering virtually all aspects of human cognitive activity - that substantial confusion has arisen as to the actual nature of AI, its current status and its future capability. This volume, the first in a series of NBS/NASA reports on the subject, attempts to address these concerns. Thus, this report endeavors to clarify what AI is, the foundations on which it rests, the techniques utilized, applications, the participants and, finally, AI's state-of-the-art and future trends. It is anticipated that this report will prove useful to government and private engineering and research managers, potential users, and others who will be affected by this field as it unfolds.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Radiology: A Survey at a Single Radiology Residency Training Program.

PubMed

Collado-Mesa, Fernando; Alvarez, Edilberto; Arheart, Kris

2018-02-21

Advances in artificial intelligence applied to diagnostic radiology are predicted to have a major impact on this medical specialty. With the goal of establishing a baseline upon which to build educational activities on this topic, a survey was conducted among trainees and attending radiologists at a single residency program. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed. Comparisons of categorical data between groups (trainees and attending radiologists) were made using Pearson χ 2 analysis or an exact analysis when required. Comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon rank sum test when the data were not normally distributed. An α level of 0.05 was used. The overall response rate was 66% (69 of 104). Thirty-six percent of participants (n = 25) reported not having read a scientific medical article on the topic of artificial intelligence during the past 12 months. Twenty-nine percent of respondents (n = 12) reported using artificial intelligence tools during their daily work. Trainees were more likely to express doubts on whether they would have pursued diagnostic radiology as a career had they known of the potential impact artificial intelligence is predicted to have on the specialty (P = .0254) and were also more likely to plan to learn about the topic (P = .0401). Radiologists lack exposure to current scientific medical articles on artificial intelligence. Trainees are concerned by the implications artificial intelligence may have on their jobs and desire to learn about the topic. There is a need to develop educational resources to help radiologists assume an active role in guiding and facilitating the development and implementation of artificial intelligence tools in diagnostic radiology. Copyright © 2017 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Artificial intelligence--the knowledge base applied to nephrology].

PubMed

Sancipriano, G P

2005-01-01

The idea that efficacy efficiency, and quality in medicine could not be reached without sorting the huge knowledge of medical and nursing science is very common. Engineers and computer scientists have developed medical software with great prospects for success, but currently these software applications are not so useful in clinical practice. The medical doctor and the trained nurse live the 'information age' in many daily activities, but the main benefits are not so widespread in working activities. Artificial intelligence and, particularly, export systems charm health staff because of their potential. The first part of this paper summarizes the characteristics of 'weak artificial intelligence' and of expert systems important in clinical practice. The second part discusses medical doctors' requirements and the current nephrologic knowledge bases available for artificial intelligence development.

Artificial Intelligence Techniques: Applications for Courseware Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dear, Brian L.

1986-01-01

Introduces some general concepts and techniques of artificial intelligence (natural language interfaces, expert systems, knowledge bases and knowledge representation, heuristics, user-interface metaphors, and object-based environments) and investigates ways these techniques might be applied to analysis, design, development, implementation, and…

A review of European applications of artificial intelligence to space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Drummond, Mark (Editor); Stewart, Helen (Editor)

1993-01-01

The purpose is to describe the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to the European Space program that are being developed or have been developed. The results of a study sponsored by the Artificial Intelligence Research and Development program of NASA's Office of Advanced Concepts and Technology (OACT) are described. The report is divided into two sections. The first consists of site reports, which are descriptions of the AI applications seen at each place visited. The second section consists of two summaries which synthesize the information in the site reports by organizing this information in two different ways. The first organizes the material in terms of the type of application, e.g., data analysis, planning and scheduling, and procedure management. The second organizes the material in terms of the component technologies of Artificial Intelligence which the applications used, e.g., knowledge based systems, model based reasoning, procedural reasoning, etc.

Strategic Computing. New-Generation Computing Technology: A Strategic Plan for Its Development and Application to Critical Problems in Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-28

Computing. By seizing an opportunity to leverage recent advances in artificial intelligence, computer science, and microelectronics, the Agency plans...occurred in many separated areas of artificial intelligence, computer science, and microelectronics. Advances in "expert system" technology now...and expert knowledge o Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Mechanization of speech recognition, vision, and natural language understanding. o

The 1995 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Information Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hostetter, Carl F. (Editor)

1995-01-01

This publication comprises the papers presented at the 1995 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Information Technologies held at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, on May 9-11, 1995. The purpose of this annual conference is to provide a forum in which current research and development directed at space applications of artificial intelligence can be presented and discussed.

The 1988 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rash, James (Editor); Hughes, Peter (Editor)

1988-01-01

This publication comprises the papers presented at the 1988 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence held at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland on May 24, 1988. The purpose of this annual conference is to provide a forum in which current research and development directed at space applications of artificial intelligence can be presented and discussed. The papers in these proceedings fall into the following areas: mission operations support, planning and scheduling; fault isolation/diagnosis; image processing and machine vision; data management; modeling and simulation; and development tools/methodologies.

Artificial Intelligence and Educational Technology: A Natural Synergy. Extended Abstract.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCalla, Gordon I.

Educational technology and artificial intelligence (AI) are natural partners in the development of environments to support human learning. Designing systems with the characteristics of a rich learning environment is the long term goal of research in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). Building these characteristics into a system is extremely…

Adaptive Modeling and Real-Time Simulation

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

34 Artificial Inteligence , Vol. 13, pp. 27-39 (1980). Describes circumscription which is just the assumption that everything that is known to have a particular... Artificial Intelligence Truth Maintenance Planning Resolution Modeling Wcrld Models ~ .. ~2.. ASSTR AT (Coninue n evrse sieIf necesaran Identfy by...represents a marriage of (1) the procedural-network st, planning technology developed in artificial intelligence with (2) the PERT/CPM technology developed in

Artificial intelligence approaches to astronomical observation scheduling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, Mark D.; Miller, Glenn

1988-01-01

Automated scheduling will play an increasing role in future ground- and space-based observatory operations. Due to the complexity of the problem, artificial intelligence technology currently offers the greatest potential for the development of scheduling tools with sufficient power and flexibility to handle realistic scheduling situations. Summarized here are the main features of the observatory scheduling problem, how artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be applied, and recent progress in AI scheduling for Hubble Space Telescope.

Development of the CODER System: A Testbed for Artificial Intelligence Methods in Information Retrieval.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Edward A.

1987-01-01

Discusses the CODER system, which was developed to investigate the application of artificial intelligence methods to increase the effectiveness of information retrieval systems, particularly those involving heterogeneous documents. Highlights include the use of PROLOG programing, blackboard-based designs, knowledge engineering, lexicological…

1988 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Greenbelt, MD, May 24, 1988, Proceedings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rash, James L. (Editor)

1988-01-01

This publication comprises the papers presented at the 1988 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence held at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland on May 24, 1988. The purpose of this annual conference is to provide a forum in which current research and development directed at space applications of artificial intelligence can be presented and discussed. The papers in these proceedings fall into the following areas: mission operations support, planning and scheduling; fault isolation/diagnosis; image processing and machine vision; data management; modeling and simulation; and development tools methodologies.

An overview of artificial intelligence and robotics. Volume 1: Artificial intelligence. Part B: Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gevarter, W. B.

1983-01-01

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that has recently attracted considerable attention. Many applications are now under development. This report, Part B of a three part report on AI, presents overviews of the key application areas: Expert Systems, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, Speech Interfaces, and Problem Solving and Planning. The basic approaches to such systems, the state-of-the-art, existing systems and future trends and expectations are covered.

Artificial intelligence within AFSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gersh, Mark A.

1990-01-01

Information on artificial intelligence research in the Air Force Systems Command is given in viewgraph form. Specific research that is being conducted at the Rome Air Development Center, the Space Technology Center, the Human Resources Laboratory, the Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, the Armamant Laboratory, and the Wright Research and Development Center is noted.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dufrene, Warren R., Jr.

2004-01-01

This paper describes the development of an application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control. The project was done as part of the requirements for a class in AI at NOVA Southeastearn University and a beginning project at NASA Wallops Flight Facility for a resilient, robust, and intelligent UAV flight control system. A method is outlined which allows a base level application for applying an Artificial Intelligence method, Fuzzy Logic, to aspects of Control Logic for UAV flight. One element of UAV flight, automated altitude hold, has been implemented and preliminary results displayed.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Uninhabitated Aerial Vehicle Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dufrene, Warren R., Jr.

2003-01-01

This paper describes the development of an application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control. The project was done as part of the requirements for a class in AI at NOVA southeastern University and a beginning project at NASA Wallops Flight Facility for a resilient, robust, and intelligent UAV flight control system. A method is outlined which allows a base level application for applying an Artificial Intelligence method, Fuzzy Logic, to aspects of Control Logic for UAV flight. One element of UAV flight, automated altitude hold, has been implemented and preliminary results displayed.

Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium Annual Report 1986. Volume 4. Part A. Hierarchical Region-Based Approach to Automatic Photointerpretation. Part B. Application of AI Techniques to Image Segmentation and Region Identification

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

MONITORING ORGANIZATION Northeast Artificial (If applicaole)nelincCostum(AcRome Air Development Center (COCU) Inteligence Consortium (NAIC)I 6c. ADDRESS...f, Offell RADC-TR-88-1 1, Vol IV (of eight) Interim Technical ReportS June 1988 NORTHEAST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONSORTIUM ANNUAL REPORT 1986...13441-5700 EMENT NO NO NO ACCESSION NO62702F 5 8 71 " " over) I 58 27 13 " ൓ TITLE (Include Security Classification) NORTHEAST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

A State Cyber Hub Operations Framework

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

to communicate and sense or interact with their internal states or the external environment. Machine Learning: A type of artificial intelligence that... artificial intelligence , and computational linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages. Patching: A piece...formalizing a proof of concept for cyber initiatives and developed frameworks for operationalizing the data and intelligence produced across state

[Artificial intelligence in psychiatry-an overview].

PubMed

Meyer-Lindenberg, A

2018-06-18

Artificial intelligence and the underlying methods of machine learning and neuronal networks (NN) have made dramatic progress in recent years and have allowed computers to reach superhuman performance in domains that used to be thought of as uniquely human. In this overview, the underlying methodological developments that made this possible are briefly delineated and then the applications to psychiatry in three domains are discussed: precision medicine and biomarkers, natural language processing and artificial intelligence-based psychotherapeutic interventions. In conclusion, some of the risks of this new technology are mentioned.

Artificial Intelligence: Threat or Boon to Radiologists?

PubMed

Recht, Michael; Bryan, R Nick

2017-11-01

The development and integration of machine learning/artificial intelligence into routine clinical practice will significantly alter the current practice of radiology. Changes in reimbursement and practice patterns will also continue to affect radiology. But rather than being a significant threat to radiologists, we believe these changes, particularly machine learning/artificial intelligence, will be a boon to radiologists by increasing their value, efficiency, accuracy, and personal satisfaction. Copyright © 2017 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The future of radiology augmented with Artificial Intelligence: A strategy for success.

PubMed

Liew, Charlene

2018-05-01

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence/deep learning technology and its implementation into routine clinical imaging will cause a major transformation to the practice of radiology. Strategic positioning will ensure the successful transition of radiologists into their new roles as augmented clinicians. This paper describes an overall vision on how to achieve a smooth transition through the practice of augmented radiology where radiologists-in-the-loop ensure the safe implementation of Artificial Intelligence systems. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Conversion of the CALAP (Computer Aided Landform Analysis Program) Program from FORTRAN to DUCK.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-01

J’ DUCK artificial intelligence logic programming 20 AVrACT (Cthm m reerse stabN ameeaaW idelfr by block mbae) An expert advisor program named CALAP...original program was developed in FORTRAN on an HP- 1000, a mirticomputer. CALAP was reprogrammed in an Artificial Intelligence (AI) language called DUCK...the Artificial Intelligence Center, U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratory, Fort Belvoir. Z" I. S. n- Page 1 I. Introduction An expert advisor

Analysis of the frontier technology of agricultural IoT and its predication research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Shuqing; Zhang, Jianhua; Zhu, Mengshuai; Wu, Jianzhai; Shen, Chen; Kong, Fantao

2017-09-01

Agricultural IoT (Internet of Things) develops rapidly. Nanotechnology, biotechnology and optoelectronic technology are successfully integrated into the agricultural sensor technology. Big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence technology have also been successfully used in IoT. This paper carries out the research on integration of agricultural sensor technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology and optoelectronic technology and the application of big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence technology in agricultural IoT. The advantages and development of the integration of nanotechnology, biotechnology and optoelectronic technology with agricultural sensor technology were discussed. The application of big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence technology in IoT and their development trend were analysed.

Artificial Intelligence and Language Development and Language Usage with the Deaf.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leach, John Mark

The paper reviews research on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in language development and/or instruction with the deaf. Contributions of computer assisted instruction are noted, as are the problems resulting from over-dependence on a drill and practice format and from deaf students' difficulties in receiving and understanding new…

[Artificial intelligence in medicine: project of a mobile platform in an intelligent environment for the care of disabled and elderly people].

PubMed

Cortés, Ulises; Annicchiarico, Roberta; Campana, Fabio; Vázquez-Salceda, Javier; Urdiales, Cristina; Canãmero, Lola; López, Maite; Sánchez-Marrè, Miquel; Di Vincenzo, Sarah; Caltagirone, Carlo

2004-04-01

A project based on the integration of new technologies and artificial intelligence to develop a device--e-tool--for disabled patients and elderly people is presented. A mobile platform in intelligent environments (skilled-care facilities and home-care), controlled and managed by a multi-level architecture, is proposed to support patients and caregivers to increase self-dependency in activities of daily living.

Importance of nonverbal expression to the emergence of emotive artificial intelligence systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pioggia, Giovanni; Hanson, David; Dinelli, Serena; Di Francesco, Fabio; Francesconi, R.; De Rossi, Danilo

2002-07-01

The nonverbal expression of the emotions, especially in the human face, has rapidly become an area of intense interest in computer science and robotics. Exploring the emotions as a link between external events and behavioural responses, artificial intelligence designers and psychologists are approaching a theoretical understanding of foundational principles which will be key to the physical embodiment of artificial intelligence. In fact, it has been well demonstrated that many important aspects of intelligence are grounded in intimate communication with the physical world- so-called embodied intelligence . It follows naturally, then, that recent advances in emotive artificial intelligence show clear and undeniable broadening in the capacities of biologically-inspired robots to survive and thrive in a social environment. The means by which AI may express its foundling emotions are clearly integral to such capacities. In effect: powerful facial expressions are critical to the development of intelligent, sociable robots. Following discussion the importance of the nonverbal expression of emotions in humans and robots, this paper describes methods used in robotically emulating nonverbal expressions using human-like robotic faces. Furthermore, it describes the potentially revolutionary impact of electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators as artificial muscles for such robotic devices.

An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Analyzing Student Errors in Statistics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sebrechts, Marc M.; Schooler, Lael J.

1987-01-01

Describes the development of an artificial intelligence system called GIDE that analyzes student errors in statistics problems by inferring the students' intentions. Learning strategies involved in problem solving are discussed and the inclusion of goal structures is explained. (LRW)

Making Computers Smarter: A Look At the Controversial Field of Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, John O.

1984-01-01

Defines artificial intelligence (AI) and discusses its history; the current state of the art, research, experimentation, and practical applications; and probable future developments. Key dates in the history of AI and eight references are provided. (MBR)

Application of hierarchical dissociated neural network in closed-loop hybrid system integrating biological and mechanical intelligence.

PubMed

Li, Yongcheng; Sun, Rong; Zhang, Bin; Wang, Yuechao; Li, Hongyi

2015-01-01

Neural networks are considered the origin of intelligence in organisms. In this paper, a new design of an intelligent system merging biological intelligence with artificial intelligence was created. It was based on a neural controller bidirectionally connected to an actual mobile robot to implement a novel vehicle. Two types of experimental preparations were utilized as the neural controller including 'random' and '4Q' (cultured neurons artificially divided into four interconnected parts) neural network. Compared to the random cultures, the '4Q' cultures presented absolutely different activities, and the robot controlled by the '4Q' network presented better capabilities in search tasks. Our results showed that neural cultures could be successfully employed to control an artificial agent; the robot performed better and better with the stimulus because of the short-term plasticity. A new framework is provided to investigate the bidirectional biological-artificial interface and develop new strategies for a future intelligent system using these simplified model systems.

Application of Hierarchical Dissociated Neural Network in Closed-Loop Hybrid System Integrating Biological and Mechanical Intelligence

PubMed Central

Zhang, Bin; Wang, Yuechao; Li, Hongyi

2015-01-01

Neural networks are considered the origin of intelligence in organisms. In this paper, a new design of an intelligent system merging biological intelligence with artificial intelligence was created. It was based on a neural controller bidirectionally connected to an actual mobile robot to implement a novel vehicle. Two types of experimental preparations were utilized as the neural controller including ‘random’ and ‘4Q’ (cultured neurons artificially divided into four interconnected parts) neural network. Compared to the random cultures, the ‘4Q’ cultures presented absolutely different activities, and the robot controlled by the ‘4Q’ network presented better capabilities in search tasks. Our results showed that neural cultures could be successfully employed to control an artificial agent; the robot performed better and better with the stimulus because of the short-term plasticity. A new framework is provided to investigate the bidirectional biological-artificial interface and develop new strategies for a future intelligent system using these simplified model systems. PMID:25992579

Artificial intelligence approaches for rational drug design and discovery.

PubMed

Duch, Włodzisław; Swaminathan, Karthikeyan; Meller, Jarosław

2007-01-01

Pattern recognition, machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches play an increasingly important role in rational drug design, screening and identification of candidate molecules and studies on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). In this review, we present an overview of basic concepts and methodology in the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI). An emphasis is put on methods that enable an intuitive interpretation of the results and facilitate gaining an insight into the structure of the problem at hand. We also discuss representative applications of AI methods to docking, screening and QSAR studies. The growing trend to integrate computational and experimental efforts in that regard and some future developments are discussed. In addition, we comment on a broader role of machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches in biomedical research.

Toward Augmented Radiologists: Changes in Radiology Education in the Era of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence.

PubMed

Tajmir, Shahein H; Alkasab, Tarik K

2018-06-01

Radiology practice will be altered by the coming of artificial intelligence, and the process of learning in radiology will be similarly affected. In the short term, radiologists will need to understand the first wave of artificially intelligent tools, how they can help them improve their practice, and be able to effectively supervise their use. Radiology training programs will need to develop curricula to help trainees acquire the knowledge to carry out this new supervisory duty of radiologists. In the longer term, artificially intelligent software assistants could have a transformative effect on the training of residents and fellows, and offer new opportunities to bring learning into the ongoing practice of attending radiologists. Copyright © 2018 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

New directions for Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods in optimum design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hajela, Prabhat

1989-01-01

Developments and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in the design of structural systems is reviewed. Principal shortcomings in the current approach are emphasized, and the need for some degree of formalism in the development environment for such design tools is underscored. Emphasis is placed on efforts to integrate algorithmic computations in expert systems.

Developing Applications of Artificial Intelligence Technology To Provide Consultative Support in the Use of Research Methodology by Practitioners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vitale, Michael R.; Romance, Nancy

Adopting perspectives based on applications of artificial intelligence proven in industry, this paper discusses methodological strategies and issues that underlie the development of such software environments. The general concept of an expert system is discussed in the context of its relevance to the problem of increasing the accessibility of…

The role of artificial intelligence and expert systems in increasing STS operations productivity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Culbert, C.

1985-01-01

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is discussed. A number of the computer technologies pioneered in the AI world can make significant contributions to increasing STS operations productivity. Application of expert systems, natural language, speech recognition, and other key technologies can reduce manpower while raising productivity. Many aspects of STS support lend themselves to this type of automation. The artificial intelligence section of the mission planning and analysis division has developed a number of functioning prototype systems which demonstrate the potential gains of applying AI technology.

Ontological Engineering and Mapping in Multiagent Systems Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-03-01

for knowledge engineering or artificial intelligence . Nicola Guarino compares the various definitions and the differences in their meaning in...act upon the environment through effectors [Russel and Norvig 1995]. An intelligent agent is an agent that takes the best possible action in a...situation in order to accomplish its goals. Determining what exactly characterizes the best possible action splits the field of artificial intelligence

Knowledge Based Consultation for Finite Element Structural Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

Intelligence Finite Element Program Tutorial 20 ABSTRACT (Continue. on rees side If necessary and ide.n’ty b,’ bit,, k nionh.) In recent years, techniques of...involved in Artificial Intelligence at Stanford University developed the program MYCIN F2], for clinical consultation of diseases that require...and Rules The basic backward chaining logic, characteristic to Artificial Intelligence . approaching 1he problem of knowledge representation was

Distribution Planning: An Integration of Constraint Satisfaction & Heuristic Search Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

Proceedings of the Symposium on Aritificial Intelligence in ~~litary Logistics, Arlington, VA: American Defense Preparedness Assoc. pp. 177-182...dynamic changes, too many variables, and lack pf planning time. The Human Engineeri n ~ Laboratory (HEL) is developing artificial intelligence (AI...first attempt. The field of artificial intelligence includes a variety of knowledge-based approaches. Most widely known are Expert Systems, that are

Parallel Logic Programming and Parallel Systems Software and Hardware

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-29

Conference, Dallas TX. January 1985. (55) [Rous75] Roussel, P., "PROLOG: Manuel de Reference et d’Uilisation", Group d’ Intelligence Artificielle , Universite d...completed. Tools were provided for software development using artificial intelligence techniques. Al software for massively parallel architectures was...using artificial intelligence tech- niques. Al software for massively parallel architectures was started. 1. Introduction We describe research conducted

Hybrid Applications Of Artificial Intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Borchardt, Gary C.

1988-01-01

STAR, Simple Tool for Automated Reasoning, is interactive, interpreted programming language for development and operation of artificial-intelligence application systems. Couples symbolic processing with compiled-language functions and data structures. Written in C language and currently available in UNIX version (NPO-16832), and VMS version (NPO-16965).

A Starter's Guide to Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McConnell, Barry A.; McConnell, Nancy J.

1988-01-01

Discussion of the history and development of artificial intelligence (AI) highlights a bibliography of introductory books on various aspects of AI, including AI programing; problem solving; automated reasoning; game playing; natural language; expert systems; machine learning; robotics and vision; critics of AI; and representative software. (LRW)

Application of an artificial intelligence program to therapy of high-risk surgical patients.

PubMed

Patil, R S; Adibi, J; Shoemaker, W C

1996-11-01

We developed an artificial intelligence program from a large computerized database of hemodynamic and oxygen transport measurements together with prior studies defining survivors' values, outcome predictors, and a branched-chain decision tree. The artificial intelligence program was then tested on the data of 100 survivors and 100 nonsurvivors not used for the development of the program or other analyses. Using the predictor as a surrogate outcome measure, the therapy recommended by the program improved the predicted outcome 3.16% per therapeutic intervention while the actual therapy given increased outcome 1.86% in surviving patients; the artificial intelligence-recommended therapy improved outcome 7.9% in nonsurvivors, while the actual therapy given increased predicted outcome -0.29% in nonsurvivors (p < .05). There were fewer patients whose predicted outcome decreased after recommended treatment (14%) than after the actual therapy given (37%). Review of therapy recommended by the program did not reveal instances of inappropriate or potentially harmful recommendations.

The dynamic lift of developmental process.

PubMed

Smith, Linda B; Breazeal, Cynthia

2007-01-01

What are the essential properties of human intelligence, currently unparalleled in its power relative to other biological forms and relative to artificial forms of intelligence? We suggest that answering this question depends critically on understanding developmental process. This paper considers three principles potentially essential to building human-like intelligence: the heterogeneity of the component processes, the embedding of development in a social world, and developmental processes that change the cognitive system as a function of the history of soft-assemblies of these heterogeneous processes in specific tasks. The paper uses examples from human development and from developmental robotics to show how these processes also may underlie biological intelligence and enable us to generate more advanced forms of artificial intelligence.

A Multiagent Based Model for Tactical Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-10-01

Pub. Co. 1985. [10] Castillo, J.M. Aproximación mediante procedimientos de Inteligencia Artificial al planeamiento táctico. Doctoral Thesis...been developed under the same conceptual model and using similar Artificial Intelligence Tools. We use four different stimulus/response agents in...The conceptual model is built on base of the Agents theory. To implement the different agents we have used Artificial Intelligence techniques such

Artificial intelligence in a mission operations and satellite test environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Busse, Carl

1988-01-01

A Generic Mission Operations System using Expert System technology to demonstrate the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) automated monitor and control functions in a Mission Operations and Satellite Test environment will be developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Expert system techniques in a real time operation environment are being studied and applied to science and engineering data processing. Advanced decommutation schemes and intelligent display technology will be examined to develop imaginative improvements in rapid interpretation and distribution of information. The Generic Payload Operations Control Center (GPOCC) will demonstrate improved data handling accuracy, flexibility, and responsiveness in a complex mission environment. The ultimate goal is to automate repetitious mission operations, instrument, and satellite test functions by the applications of expert system technology and artificial intelligence resources and to enhance the level of man-machine sophistication.

Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems Research and Their Possible Impact on Information Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borko, Harold

1985-01-01

Defines artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems; describes library applications utilizing AI to automate creation of document representations, request formulations, and design and modify search strategies for information retrieval systems; discusses expert system development for information services; and reviews impact of these…

Artificial Intelligence: Applications in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thorkildsen, Ron J.; And Others

1986-01-01

Artificial intelligence techniques are used in computer programs to search out rapidly and retrieve information from very large databases. Programing advances have also led to the development of systems that provide expert consultation (expert systems). These systems, as applied to education, are the primary emphasis of this article. (LMO)

Automatic food detection in egocentric images using artificial intelligence technology

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Our objective was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm which can automatically detect food items from images acquired by an egocentric wearable camera for dietary assessment. To study human diet and lifestyle, large sets of egocentric images were acquired using a wearable devic...

Artificial Intelligence and Information Retrieval.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teodorescu, Ioana

1987-01-01

Compares artificial intelligence and information retrieval paradigms for natural language understanding, reviews progress to date, and outlines the applicability of artificial intelligence to question answering systems. A list of principal artificial intelligence software for database front end systems is appended. (CLB)

Computational aerodynamics and artificial intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mehta, U. B.; Kutler, P.

1984-01-01

The general principles of artificial intelligence are reviewed and speculations are made concerning how knowledge based systems can accelerate the process of acquiring new knowledge in aerodynamics, how computational fluid dynamics may use expert systems, and how expert systems may speed the design and development process. In addition, the anatomy of an idealized expert system called AERODYNAMICIST is discussed. Resource requirements for using artificial intelligence in computational fluid dynamics and aerodynamics are examined. Three main conclusions are presented. First, there are two related aspects of computational aerodynamics: reasoning and calculating. Second, a substantial portion of reasoning can be achieved with artificial intelligence. It offers the opportunity of using computers as reasoning machines to set the stage for efficient calculating. Third, expert systems are likely to be new assets of institutions involved in aeronautics for various tasks of computational aerodynamics.

Evolutionary Intelligence and Communication in Societies of Virtually Embodied Agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Binh; Skabar, Andrew

In order to overcome the knowledge bottleneck problem, AI researchers have attempted to develop systems that are capable of automated knowledge acquisition. However, learning in these systems is hindered by context (i.e., symbol-grounding) problems, which are caused by the systems lacking the unifying structure of bodies, situations and needs that typify human learning. While the fields of Embodied Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life have come a long way towards demonstrating how artificial systems can develop knowledge of the physical and social worlds, the focus in these areas has been on low level intelligence, and it is not clear how, such systems can be extended to deal with higher-level knowledge. In this paper, we argue that we can build towards a higher level intelligence by framing the problem as one of stimulating the development of culture and language. Specifically, we identify three important limitations that face the development of culture and language in AI systems, and propose how these limitations can be overcome. We will do this through borrowing ideas from the evolutionary sciences, which have explored how interactions between embodiment and environment have shaped the development of human intelligence and knowledge.

Framework for Evolutionary Development of an Autonomous Expert System for Acoustically Identifying Classifications of Vessels

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

completely autonomous system. SOMMIIRE Une exp6rience en intelligence artificielle (IA) en cours au CRDA vise la misc au point 6ventuelle d’un syst~me...identifying vessel classifications from 0aaV Mcute SOAifatwgms is the ultimate goal of Artificial Intelligence (Al) wod ?bhig- eouaduted -*DRAR~ An...Friendly Interface ..................................................................... 4 3 Concepts of Assistant and Autonomous Artificially Intelligent

An Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Accurate Prediction of Sepsis in the ICU.

PubMed

Nemati, Shamim; Holder, Andre; Razmi, Fereshteh; Stanley, Matthew D; Clifford, Gari D; Buchman, Timothy G

2018-04-01

Sepsis is among the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and cost overruns in critically ill patients. Early intervention with antibiotics improves survival in septic patients. However, no clinically validated system exists for real-time prediction of sepsis onset. We aimed to develop and validate an Artificial Intelligence Sepsis Expert algorithm for early prediction of sepsis. Observational cohort study. Academic medical center from January 2013 to December 2015. Over 31,000 admissions to the ICUs at two Emory University hospitals (development cohort), in addition to over 52,000 ICU patients from the publicly available Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III ICU database (validation cohort). Patients who met the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis (Sepsis-3) prior to or within 4 hours of their ICU admission were excluded, resulting in roughly 27,000 and 42,000 patients within our development and validation cohorts, respectively. None. High-resolution vital signs time series and electronic medical record data were extracted. A set of 65 features (variables) were calculated on hourly basis and passed to the Artificial Intelligence Sepsis Expert algorithm to predict onset of sepsis in the proceeding T hours (where T = 12, 8, 6, or 4). Artificial Intelligence Sepsis Expert was used to predict onset of sepsis in the proceeding T hours and to produce a list of the most significant contributing factors. For the 12-, 8-, 6-, and 4-hour ahead prediction of sepsis, Artificial Intelligence Sepsis Expert achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic in the range of 0.83-0.85. Performance of the Artificial Intelligence Sepsis Expert on the development and validation cohorts was indistinguishable. Using data available in the ICU in real-time, Artificial Intelligence Sepsis Expert can accurately predict the onset of sepsis in an ICU patient 4-12 hours prior to clinical recognition. A prospective study is necessary to determine the clinical utility of the proposed sepsis prediction model.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of an intelligent artificial anal sphincter in rabbits.

PubMed

Huang, Zong-Hai; Shi, Fu-Jun; Chen, Fei; Liang, Fei-Xue; Li, Qiang; Yu, Jin-Long; Li, Zhou; Han, Xin-Jun

2011-10-01

Artificial sphincters have been developed for patients with fecal incontinence, but finding a way to make such sphincters more "intelligent" remains a problem. We assessed the function of a novel intelligent artificial anal sphincter (IAAS) in vitro and in vivo in rabbits. After the prosthesis was activated, rabbits were continent of feces during 81.4% of the activation time. The fecal detection unit provided 100% correct signals on stool in vitro and 65.7% in vivo. The results indicated that the IAAS could efficiently maintain continence and detect stool; however, the IAAS is still in the preliminary experimental stage and more work is needed to improve the system. © 2011, Copyright the Authors. Artificial Organs © 2011, International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Bio-Intelligence: A Research Program Facilitating the Development of New Paradigms for Tomorrow's Patient Care

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phan, Sieu; Famili, Fazel; Liu, Ziying; Peña-Castillo, Lourdes

The advancement of omics technologies in concert with the enabling information technology development has accelerated biological research to a new realm in a blazing speed and sophistication. The limited single gene assay to the high throughput microarray assay and the laborious manual count of base-pairs to the robotic assisted machinery in genome sequencing are two examples to name. Yet even more sophisticated, the recent development in literature mining and artificial intelligence has allowed researchers to construct complex gene networks unraveling many formidable biological puzzles. To harness these emerging technologies to their full potential to medical applications, the Bio-intelligence program at the Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council Canada, aims to develop and exploit artificial intelligence and bioinformatics technologies to facilitate the development of intelligent decision support tools and systems to improve patient care - for early detection, accurate diagnosis/prognosis of disease, and better personalized therapeutic management.

Artificial Intelligence and School Library Media Centers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Robert J.

1990-01-01

Discusses developments in artificial intelligence in terms of their impact on school library media centers and the role of media specialists. Possible uses of expert systems, hypertext, and CD-ROM technologies in school media centers are examined and the challenges presented by these technologies are discussed. Fourteen sources of additional…

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Special Education: How Feasible? Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hofmeister, Alan M.; Ferrara, Joseph M.

The research project investigated whether expert system tools have become sophisticated enough to be applied efficiently to problems in special education. (Expert systems are a development of artificial intelligence that combines the computer's capacity for storing specialized knowledge with a general set of rules intended to replicate the…

Artificial Intelligence Methods in Computer-Based Instructional Design. The Minnesota Adaptive Instructional System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tennyson, Robert

1984-01-01

Reviews educational applications of artificial intelligence and presents empirically-based design variables for developing a computer-based instruction management system. Taken from a programmatic research effort based on the Minnesota Adaptive Instructional System, variables include amount and sequence of instruction, display time, advisement,…

Research and applications: Artificial intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chaitin, L. J.; Duda, R. O.; Johanson, P. A.; Raphael, B.; Rosen, C. A.; Yates, R. A.

1970-01-01

The program is reported for developing techniques in artificial intelligence and their application to the control of mobile automatons for carrying out tasks autonomously. Visual scene analysis, short-term problem solving, and long-term problem solving are discussed along with the PDP-15 simulator, LISP-FORTRAN-MACRO interface, resolution strategies, and cost effectiveness.

CREATIVE COMPUTATION.

DTIC Science & Technology

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE , RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS), (*RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ), (*MATHEMATICAL LOGIC, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ), METAMATHEMATICS, AUTOMATA, NUMBER THEORY, INFORMATION THEORY, COMBINATORIAL ANALYSIS

Artificial Intelligence and Its Importance in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tilmann, Martha J.

Artificial intelligence, or the study of ideas that enable computers to be intelligent, is discussed in terms of what it is, what it has done, what it can do, and how it may affect the teaching of tomorrow. An extensive overview of artificial intelligence examines its goals and applications and types of artificial intelligence including (1) expert…

Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium (NAIC) Review of Technical Tasks. Volume 2, Part 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-01

A-A19 774 NORTHEAST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONSORTIUN (MIC) 1/5 YVIEN OF TEOICR. T.. (U) NORTHEAST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONSORTIUM SYRACUSE MY J...NORTHEAST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONSORTIUM (NAIC) *p,* ~ Review of Technical Tasks ,.. 12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) (See reverse) . P VI J.F. Allen, P.B. Berra...See reverse) /" I ABSTRACT (Coninue on ’.wrse if necessary and identify by block number) % .. *. -. ’ The Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium

Artificial intelligence in medicine.

PubMed Central

Ramesh, A. N.; Kambhampati, C.; Monson, J. R. T.; Drew, P. J.

2004-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science capable of analysing complex medical data. Their potential to exploit meaningful relationship with in a data set can be used in the diagnosis, treatment and predicting outcome in many clinical scenarios. METHODS: Medline and internet searches were carried out using the keywords 'artificial intelligence' and 'neural networks (computer)'. Further references were obtained by cross-referencing from key articles. An overview of different artificial intelligent techniques is presented in this paper along with the review of important clinical applications. RESULTS: The proficiency of artificial intelligent techniques has been explored in almost every field of medicine. Artificial neural network was the most commonly used analytical tool whilst other artificial intelligent techniques such as fuzzy expert systems, evolutionary computation and hybrid intelligent systems have all been used in different clinical settings. DISCUSSION: Artificial intelligence techniques have the potential to be applied in almost every field of medicine. There is need for further clinical trials which are appropriately designed before these emergent techniques find application in the real clinical setting. PMID:15333167

Artificial intelligence in medicine.

PubMed

Ramesh, A N; Kambhampati, C; Monson, J R T; Drew, P J

2004-09-01

Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science capable of analysing complex medical data. Their potential to exploit meaningful relationship with in a data set can be used in the diagnosis, treatment and predicting outcome in many clinical scenarios. Medline and internet searches were carried out using the keywords 'artificial intelligence' and 'neural networks (computer)'. Further references were obtained by cross-referencing from key articles. An overview of different artificial intelligent techniques is presented in this paper along with the review of important clinical applications. The proficiency of artificial intelligent techniques has been explored in almost every field of medicine. Artificial neural network was the most commonly used analytical tool whilst other artificial intelligent techniques such as fuzzy expert systems, evolutionary computation and hybrid intelligent systems have all been used in different clinical settings. Artificial intelligence techniques have the potential to be applied in almost every field of medicine. There is need for further clinical trials which are appropriately designed before these emergent techniques find application in the real clinical setting.

The 1991 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rash, James L. (Editor)

1991-01-01

The purpose of this annual conference is to provide a forum in which current research and development directed at space applications of artificial intelligence can be presented and discussed. The papers in this proceeding fall into the following areas: Planning and scheduling, fault monitoring/diagnosis/recovery, machine vision, robotics, system development, information management, knowledge acquisition and representation, distributed systems, tools, neural networks, and miscellaneous applications.

Artificial Intelligence for Diabetes Management and Decision Support: Literature Review

PubMed Central

Contreras, Ivan

2018-01-01

Background Artificial intelligence methods in combination with the latest technologies, including medical devices, mobile computing, and sensor technologies, have the potential to enable the creation and delivery of better management services to deal with chronic diseases. One of the most lethal and prevalent chronic diseases is diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by dysfunction of glucose homeostasis. Objective The objective of this paper is to review recent efforts to use artificial intelligence techniques to assist in the management of diabetes, along with the associated challenges. Methods A review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and related bibliographic resources. Analyses of the literature from 2010 to 2018 yielded 1849 pertinent articles, of which we selected 141 for detailed review. Results We propose a functional taxonomy for diabetes management and artificial intelligence. Additionally, a detailed analysis of each subject category was performed using related key outcomes. This approach revealed that the experiments and studies reviewed yielded encouraging results. Conclusions We obtained evidence of an acceleration of research activity aimed at developing artificial intelligence-powered tools for prediction and prevention of complications associated with diabetes. Our results indicate that artificial intelligence methods are being progressively established as suitable for use in clinical daily practice, as well as for the self-management of diabetes. Consequently, these methods provide powerful tools for improving patients’ quality of life. PMID:29848472

Artificial Intelligence for Controlling Robotic Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krishnakumar, Kalmanje

2005-01-01

A document consisting mostly of lecture slides presents overviews of artificial-intelligence-based control methods now under development for application to robotic aircraft [called Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the paper] and spacecraft and to the next generation of flight controllers for piloted aircraft. Following brief introductory remarks, the paper presents background information on intelligent control, including basic characteristics defining intelligent systems and intelligent control and the concept of levels of intelligent control. Next, the paper addresses several concepts in intelligent flight control. The document ends with some concluding remarks, including statements to the effect that (1) intelligent control architectures can guarantee stability of inner control loops and (2) for UAVs, intelligent control provides a robust way to accommodate an outer-loop control architecture for planning and/or related purposes.

Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Information Technology Quarterly, 1985

1985-01-01

This issue of "Information Technology Quarterly" is devoted to the theme of "Artificial Intelligence." It contains two major articles: (1) Artificial Intelligence and Law" (D. Peter O'Neill and George D. Wood); (2) "Artificial Intelligence: A Long and Winding Road" (John J. Simon, Jr.). In addition, it contains two sidebars: (1) "Calculating and…

Intelligent supercomputers: the Japanese computer sputnik

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walter, G.

1983-11-01

Japan's government-supported fifth-generation computer project has had a pronounced effect on the American computer and information systems industry. The US firms are intensifying their research on and production of intelligent supercomputers, a combination of computer architecture and artificial intelligence software programs. While the present generation of computers is built for the processing of numbers, the new supercomputers will be designed specifically for the solution of symbolic problems and the use of artificial intelligence software. This article discusses new and exciting developments that will increase computer capabilities in the 1990s. 4 references.

Artificial Intelligence: Themes in the Second Decade. Memo Number 67.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feigenbaum, Edward A.

The text of an invited address on artificial intelligence (AI) research over the 1963-1968 period is presented. A survey of recent studies on the computer simulation of intellective processes emphasizes developments in heuristic programing, problem-solving and closely related learning models. Progress and problems in these areas are indicated by…

Implications of Artificial Intelligence for End User Use of Online Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Linda C.

1980-01-01

Reviewed are several studies which demonstrate how artificial intelligence techniques can be applied in the design of end user-oriented interfaces (which would eliminate the need for an intermediary) to existing online systems, as well as in the development of future generations of online systems intended for the end user. (Author/SW)

Turtle Escapes the Plane: Some Advanced Turtle Geometry. Artificial Intelligence Memo Number 348.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

diSessa, Andy

The LOGO Turtles, originally developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence Laboratory for teaching concepts in elementary geometry to primary-age children, can also be used in teaching higher-level mathematics. In the exercises described here, the turtle was programed to traverse curved surfaces. Both geometric and…

A Retrospective and Prospective View of Information Retrieval and Artificial Intelligence in the 21st Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garfield, Eugene

2001-01-01

Traces the development of information retrieval/services and suggests that the creation of large digital libraries seems inevitable. Examines possibilities for increasing electronic access and the role of artificial intelligence. Highlights include: searching full text; sending full texts; selective dissemination of information (SDI) profiling and…

The 1992 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rash, James L. (Editor)

1992-01-01

The purpose of this conference is to provide a forum in which current research and development directed at space applications of artificial intelligence can be presented and discussed. The papers fall into the following areas: planning and scheduling, control, fault monitoring/diagnosis and recovery, information management, tools, neural networks, and miscellaneous applications.

Artificial Intelligence Project

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

Artifcial Intelligence Project at The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory AITR84-01. Novak...Texas at Austin, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory A187-52, April 1987. Novak, G. "GLISP: A Lisp-Based Programming System with Data Abstraction...of Texas at Austin, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory AITR85-14.) Rim, Hae-Chang, and Simmons, R. F. "Extracting Data Base Knowledge from Medical

The Evolution of Instructional Design Principles for Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dede, Christopher; Swigger, Kathleen

1988-01-01

Discusses and compares the design and development of computer assisted instruction (CAI) and intelligent computer assisted instruction (ICAI). Topics discussed include instructional systems design (ISD), artificial intelligence, authoring languages, intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), qualitative models, and emerging issues in instructional…

Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis of Potential Applications to Training, Performance Measurement, and Job Performance Aiding. Interim Report for Period September 1982-July 1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, J. Jeffrey

This paper is part of an Air Force planning effort to develop a research, development, and applications program for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in three target areas: training, performance measurement, and job performance aiding. The paper is organized in five sections that (1) introduce the reader to AI and those subfields…

Autonomous development and learning in artificial intelligence and robotics: Scaling up deep learning to human-like learning.

PubMed

Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves

2017-01-01

Autonomous lifelong development and learning are fundamental capabilities of humans, differentiating them from current deep learning systems. However, other branches of artificial intelligence have designed crucial ingredients towards autonomous learning: curiosity and intrinsic motivation, social learning and natural interaction with peers, and embodiment. These mechanisms guide exploration and autonomous choice of goals, and integrating them with deep learning opens stimulating perspectives.

Artificial Intelligence and Vocational Education: An Impending Confluence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roth, Gene L.; McEwing, Richard A.

1986-01-01

Reports on the relatively new field of artificial intelligence and its relationship to vocational education. Compares human intelligence with artificial intelligence. Discusses expert systems, natural language technology, and current trends. Lists potential applications for vocational education. (CH)

Web Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Devedzic, Vladan

2004-01-01

This paper surveys important aspects of Web Intelligence (WI) in the context of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) research. WI explores the fundamental roles as well as practical impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and advanced Information Technology (IT) on the next generation of Web-related products, systems, services, and…

Artificial Intelligence for the Artificial Kidney: Pointers to the Future of a Personalized Hemodialysis Therapy.

PubMed

Hueso, Miguel; Vellido, Alfredo; Montero, Nuria; Barbieri, Carlo; Ramos, Rosa; Angoso, Manuel; Cruzado, Josep Maria; Jonsson, Anders

2018-02-01

Current dialysis devices are not able to react when unexpected changes occur during dialysis treatment or to learn about experience for therapy personalization. Furthermore, great efforts are dedicated to develop miniaturized artificial kidneys to achieve a continuous and personalized dialysis therapy, in order to improve the patient's quality of life. These innovative dialysis devices will require a real-time monitoring of equipment alarms, dialysis parameters, and patient-related data to ensure patient safety and to allow instantaneous changes of the dialysis prescription for the assessment of their adequacy. The analysis and evaluation of the resulting large-scale data sets enters the realm of "big data" and will require real-time predictive models. These may come from the fields of machine learning and computational intelligence, both included in artificial intelligence, a branch of engineering involved with the creation of devices that simulate intelligent behavior. The incorporation of artificial intelligence should provide a fully new approach to data analysis, enabling future advances in personalized dialysis therapies. With the purpose to learn about the present and potential future impact on medicine from experts in artificial intelligence and machine learning, a scientific meeting was organized in the Hospital Universitari Bellvitge (L'Hospitalet, Barcelona). As an outcome of that meeting, the aim of this review is to investigate artificial intel ligence experiences on dialysis, with a focus on potential barriers, challenges, and prospects for future applications of these technologies. Artificial intelligence research on dialysis is still in an early stage, and the main challenge relies on interpretability and/or comprehensibility of data models when applied to decision making. Artificial neural networks and medical decision support systems have been used to make predictions about anemia, total body water, or intradialysis hypotension and are promising approaches for the prescription and monitoring of hemodialysis therapy. Current dialysis machines are continuously improving due to innovative technological developments, but patient safety is still a key challenge. Real-time monitoring systems, coupled with automatic instantaneous biofeedback, will allow changing dialysis prescriptions continuously. The integration of vital sign monitoring with dialysis parameters will produce large data sets that will require the use of data analysis techniques, possibly from the area of machine learning, in order to make better decisions and increase the safety of patients.

Intelligence: Real or artificial?

PubMed Central

Schlinger, Henry D.

1992-01-01

Throughout the history of the artificial intelligence movement, researchers have strived to create computers that could simulate general human intelligence. This paper argues that workers in artificial intelligence have failed to achieve this goal because they adopted the wrong model of human behavior and intelligence, namely a cognitive essentialist model with origins in the traditional philosophies of natural intelligence. An analysis of the word “intelligence” suggests that it originally referred to behavior-environment relations and not to inferred internal structures and processes. It is concluded that if workers in artificial intelligence are to succeed in their general goal, then they must design machines that are adaptive, that is, that can learn. Thus, artificial intelligence researchers must discard their essentialist model of natural intelligence and adopt a selectionist model instead. Such a strategic change should lead them to the science of behavior analysis. PMID:22477051

Data mining: sophisticated forms of managed care modeling through artificial intelligence.

PubMed

Borok, L S

1997-01-01

Data mining is a recent development in computer science that combines artificial intelligence algorithms and relational databases to discover patterns automatically, without the use of traditional statistical methods. Work with data mining tools in health care is in a developmental stage that holds great promise, given the combination of demographic and diagnostic information.

Evolution and Revolution in Artificial Intelligence in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roll, Ido; Wylie, Ruth

2016-01-01

The field of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) has undergone significant developments over the last twenty-five years. As we reflect on our past and shape our future, we ask two main questions: What are our major strengths? And, what new opportunities lay on the horizon? We analyse 47 papers from three years in the history of the…

Keeping Pace with New Technology: An Introduction to Robotics, FORTH, and Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reck, Gene

A course was developed to introduce students at a community college to four major areas of emphasis in emerging technologies: FORTH programming language, elementary electronic theory, robotics, and artificial intelligence. After a needs assessment indicated the importance of such a course, a pretest focusing on the four areas was given to students…

Third International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation for Space 1994

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

The Third International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation for Space (i-SAIRAS 94), held October 18-20, 1994, in Pasadena, California, was jointly sponsored by NASA, ESA, and Japan's National Space Development Agency, and was hosted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of Technology. i-SAIRAS 94 featured presentations covering a variety of technical and programmatic topics, ranging from underlying basic technology to specific applications of artificial intelligence and robotics to space missions. i-SAIRAS 94 featured a special workshop on planning and scheduling and provided scientists, engineers, and managers with the opportunity to exchange theoretical ideas, practical results, and program plans in such areas as space mission control, space vehicle processing, data analysis, autonomous spacecraft, space robots and rovers, satellite servicing, and intelligent instruments.

Artificial Intelligence for Diabetes Management and Decision Support: Literature Review.

PubMed

Contreras, Ivan; Vehi, Josep

2018-05-30

Artificial intelligence methods in combination with the latest technologies, including medical devices, mobile computing, and sensor technologies, have the potential to enable the creation and delivery of better management services to deal with chronic diseases. One of the most lethal and prevalent chronic diseases is diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by dysfunction of glucose homeostasis. The objective of this paper is to review recent efforts to use artificial intelligence techniques to assist in the management of diabetes, along with the associated challenges. A review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and related bibliographic resources. Analyses of the literature from 2010 to 2018 yielded 1849 pertinent articles, of which we selected 141 for detailed review. We propose a functional taxonomy for diabetes management and artificial intelligence. Additionally, a detailed analysis of each subject category was performed using related key outcomes. This approach revealed that the experiments and studies reviewed yielded encouraging results. We obtained evidence of an acceleration of research activity aimed at developing artificial intelligence-powered tools for prediction and prevention of complications associated with diabetes. Our results indicate that artificial intelligence methods are being progressively established as suitable for use in clinical daily practice, as well as for the self-management of diabetes. Consequently, these methods provide powerful tools for improving patients' quality of life. ©Ivan Contreras, Josep Vehi. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 30.05.2018.

The Problem of Defining Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lubar, David

1981-01-01

The major philosophical issues surrounding the concept of intelligence are reviewed with respect to the problems surrounding the process of defining and developing artificial intelligence (AI) in computers. Various current definitions and problems with these definitions are presented. (MP)

Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thornburg, David D.

1986-01-01

Overview of the artificial intelligence (AI) field provides a definition; discusses past research and areas of future research; describes the design, functions, and capabilities of expert systems and the "Turing Test" for machine intelligence; and lists additional sources for information on artificial intelligence. Languages of AI are…

Fifth Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Odell, Steve L. (Compiler)

1990-01-01

The Fifth Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications brings together diverse technical and scientific work in order to help those who employ AI methods in space applications to identify common goals and to address issues of general interest in the AI community. Topics include the following: automation for Space Station; intelligent control, testing, and fault diagnosis; robotics and vision; planning and scheduling; simulation, modeling, and tutoring; development tools and automatic programming; knowledge representation and acquisition; and knowledge base/data base integration.

Prerequisites for Deriving Formal Specifications from Natural Language Requirements.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-04-01

International Joint Conference on Artificial Intell1ence, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Mento Park, CA, 1981, 385-387. Mann, William C...Centering". Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Mento

Artificial Intelligence--Applications in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poirot, James L.; Norris, Cathleen A.

1987-01-01

This first in a projected series of five articles discusses artificial intelligence and its impact on education. Highlights include the history of artificial intelligence and the impact of microcomputers; learning processes; human factors and interfaces; computer assisted instruction and intelligent tutoring systems; logic programing; and expert…

Experiments with microcomputer-based artificial intelligence environments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Summers, E.G.; MacDonald, R.A.

1988-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been experimenting with the use of relatively inexpensive microcomputers as artificial intelligence (AI) development environments. Several AI languages are available that perform fairly well on desk-top personal computers, as are low-to-medium cost expert system packages. Although performance of these systems is respectable, their speed and capacity limitations are questionable for serious earth science applications foreseen by the USGS. The most capable artificial intelligence applications currently are concentrated on what is known as the "artificial intelligence computer," and include Xerox D-series, Tektronix 4400 series, Symbolics 3600, VAX, LMI, and Texas Instruments Explorer. The artificial intelligence computer runs expert system shells and Lisp, Prolog, and Smalltalk programming languages. However, these AI environments are expensive. Recently, inexpensive 32-bit hardware has become available for the IBM/AT microcomputer. USGS has acquired and recently completed Beta-testing of the Gold Hill Systems 80386 Hummingboard, which runs Common Lisp on an IBM/AT microcomputer. Hummingboard appears to have the potential to overcome many of the speed/capacity limitations observed with AI-applications on standard personal computers. USGS is a Beta-test site for the Gold Hill Systems GoldWorks expert system. GoldWorks combines some high-end expert system shell capabilities in a medium-cost package. This shell is developed in Common Lisp, runs on the 80386 Hummingboard, and provides some expert system features formerly available only on AI-computers including frame and rule-based reasoning, on-line tutorial, multiple inheritance, and object-programming. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.

AIonAI: a humanitarian law of artificial intelligence and robotics.

PubMed

Ashrafian, Hutan

2015-02-01

The enduring progression of artificial intelligence and cybernetics offers an ever-closer possibility of rational and sentient robots. The ethics and morals deriving from this technological prospect have been considered in the philosophy of artificial intelligence, the design of automatons with roboethics and the contemplation of machine ethics through the concept of artificial moral agents. Across these categories, the robotics laws first proposed by Isaac Asimov in the twentieth century remain well-recognised and esteemed due to their specification of preventing human harm, stipulating obedience to humans and incorporating robotic self-protection. However the overwhelming predominance in the study of this field has focussed on human-robot interactions without fully considering the ethical inevitability of future artificial intelligences communicating together and has not addressed the moral nature of robot-robot interactions. A new robotic law is proposed and termed AIonAI or artificial intelligence-on-artificial intelligence. This law tackles the overlooked area where future artificial intelligences will likely interact amongst themselves, potentially leading to exploitation. As such, they would benefit from adopting a universal law of rights to recognise inherent dignity and the inalienable rights of artificial intelligences. Such a consideration can help prevent exploitation and abuse of rational and sentient beings, but would also importantly reflect on our moral code of ethics and the humanity of our civilisation.

Can Artificial Intelligences Suffer from Mental Illness? A Philosophical Matter to Consider.

PubMed

Ashrafian, Hutan

2017-04-01

The potential for artificial intelligences and robotics in achieving the capacity of consciousness, sentience and rationality offers the prospect that these agents have minds. If so, then there may be a potential for these minds to become dysfunctional, or for artificial intelligences and robots to suffer from mental illness. The existence of artificially intelligent psychopathology can be interpreted through the philosophical perspectives of mental illness. This offers new insights into what it means to have either robot or human mental disorders, but may also offer a platform on which to examine the mechanisms of biological or artificially intelligent psychiatric disease. The possibility of mental illnesses occurring in artificially intelligent individuals necessitates the consideration that at some level, they may have achieved a mental capability of consciousness, sentience and rationality such that they can subsequently become dysfunctional. The deeper philosophical understanding of these conditions in mankind and artificial intelligences might therefore offer reciprocal insights into mental health and mechanisms that may lead to the prevention of mental dysfunction.

Application of artificial intelligence to the management of urological cancer.

PubMed

Abbod, Maysam F; Catto, James W F; Linkens, Derek A; Hamdy, Freddie C

2007-10-01

Artificial intelligence techniques, such as artificial neural networks, Bayesian belief networks and neuro-fuzzy modeling systems, are complex mathematical models based on the human neuronal structure and thinking. Such tools are capable of generating data driven models of biological systems without making assumptions based on statistical distributions. A large amount of study has been reported of the use of artificial intelligence in urology. We reviewed the basic concepts behind artificial intelligence techniques and explored the applications of this new dynamic technology in various aspects of urological cancer management. A detailed and systematic review of the literature was performed using the MEDLINE and Inspec databases to discover reports using artificial intelligence in urological cancer. The characteristics of machine learning and their implementation were described and reports of artificial intelligence use in urological cancer were reviewed. While most researchers in this field were found to focus on artificial neural networks to improve the diagnosis, staging and prognostic prediction of urological cancers, some groups are exploring other techniques, such as expert systems and neuro-fuzzy modeling systems. Compared to traditional regression statistics artificial intelligence methods appear to be accurate and more explorative for analyzing large data cohorts. Furthermore, they allow individualized prediction of disease behavior. Each artificial intelligence method has characteristics that make it suitable for different tasks. The lack of transparency of artificial neural networks hinders global scientific community acceptance of this method but this can be overcome by neuro-fuzzy modeling systems.

Teachers and artificial intelligence. The Logo connection.

PubMed

Merbler, J B

1990-12-01

This article describes a three-phase program for training special education teachers to teach Logo and artificial intelligence. Logo is derived from the LISP computer language and is relatively simple to learn and use, and it is argued that these factors make it an ideal tool for classroom experimentation in basic artificial intelligence concepts. The program trains teachers to develop simple demonstrations of artificial intelligence using Logo. The material that the teachers learn to teach is suitable as an advanced level topic for intermediate- through secondary-level students enrolled in computer competency or similar courses. The material emphasizes problem-solving and thinking skills using a nonverbal expressive medium (Logo), thus it is deemed especially appropriate for hearing-impaired children. It is also sufficiently challenging for academically talented children, whether hearing or deaf. Although the notion of teachers as programmers is controversial, Logo is relatively easy to learn, has direct implications for education, and has been found to be an excellent tool for empowerment-for both teachers and children.

Artificial intelligence and robot responsibilities: innovating beyond rights.

PubMed

Ashrafian, Hutan

2015-04-01

The enduring innovations in artificial intelligence and robotics offer the promised capacity of computer consciousness, sentience and rationality. The development of these advanced technologies have been considered to merit rights, however these can only be ascribed in the context of commensurate responsibilities and duties. This represents the discernable next-step for evolution in this field. Addressing these needs requires attention to the philosophical perspectives of moral responsibility for artificial intelligence and robotics. A contrast to the moral status of animals may be considered. At a practical level, the attainment of responsibilities by artificial intelligence and robots can benefit from the established responsibilities and duties of human society, as their subsistence exists within this domain. These responsibilities can be further interpreted and crystalized through legal principles, many of which have been conserved from ancient Roman law. The ultimate and unified goal of stipulating these responsibilities resides through the advancement of mankind and the enduring preservation of the core tenets of humanity.

Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy: Opportunities and Challenges

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

Cleared for Public Release Artificial Intelligence & Autonomy Opportunities and Challenges Andrew Ilachinski October 2017 Copyright © 2017 CNA... Artificial Intelligence & Autonomy Opportunities and 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER N00014-16-D-5003 Challenges 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 0605154N...conducted by unmanned and increasingly autonomous weapon systems. This exploratory study considers the state-of-the-art of artificial intelligence (AI

Artificial Intelligence Information Sources for the Beginner and Expert

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

SUBPLEETAR TMS T bepbhdi" Artificial Intelligence ApplictionsforMlitar Expertis SystemsWilasbrVA 527Mrh 91 12a. DSCRIBTION C AIITY 6 STAEENRTY CTO SECb.T...DLSIFC ISTR BUMATION OC Apnclassified pu ncrlase; ituied inlsife unlimited. Artificial Intelligence Information Sources for the Beginner and Expert...mgivenfdsac.dia.mil UUCP: {...).osu-cisidsac!mgiven ABSTRACT A tremendous amount of information on artificial intelligence is available via different

Reflections on the relationship between artificial intelligence and operations research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fox, Mark S.

1989-01-01

Historically, part of Artificial Intelligence's (AI's) roots lie in Operations Research (OR). How AI has extended the problem solving paradigm developed in OR is explored. In particular, by examining how scheduling problems are solved using OR and AI, it is demonstrated that AI extends OR's model of problem solving through the opportunistic use of knowledge, problem reformulation and learning.

Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis of the Technology for Training. Training and Development Research Center Project Number Fourteen.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sayre, Scott Alan

The ultimate goal of the science of artificial intelligence (AI) is to establish programs that will use algorithmic computer techniques to imitate the heuristic thought processes of humans. Most AI programs, especially expert systems, organize their knowledge into three specific areas: data storage, a rule set, and a control structure. Limitations…

A novel modification of the Turing test for artificial intelligence and robotics in healthcare.

PubMed

Ashrafian, Hutan; Darzi, Ara; Athanasiou, Thanos

2015-03-01

The increasing demands of delivering higher quality global healthcare has resulted in a corresponding expansion in the development of computer-based and robotic healthcare tools that rely on artificially intelligent technologies. The Turing test was designed to assess artificial intelligence (AI) in computer technology. It remains an important qualitative tool for testing the next generation of medical diagnostics and medical robotics. Development of quantifiable diagnostic accuracy meta-analytical evaluative techniques for the Turing test paradigm. Modification of the Turing test to offer quantifiable diagnostic precision and statistical effect-size robustness in the assessment of AI for computer-based and robotic healthcare technologies. Modification of the Turing test to offer robust diagnostic scores for AI can contribute to enhancing and refining the next generation of digital diagnostic technologies and healthcare robotics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Outline of Personhood Law Regarding Artificial Intelligences and Emulated Human Entities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muzyka, Kamil

2013-12-01

On the verge of technological breakthroughs, which define and revolutionize our understanding of intelligence, cognition, and personhood, especially when speaking of artificial intelligences and mind uploads, one must consider the legal implications of granting personhood rights to artificial intelligences or emulated human entities

The role of automation and artificial intelligence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schappell, R. T.

1983-07-01

Consideration is given to emerging technologies that are not currently in common use, yet will be mature enough for implementation in a space station. Artificial intelligence (AI) will permit more autonomous operation and improve the man-machine interfaces. Technology goals include the development of expert systems, a natural language query system, automated planning systems, and AI image understanding systems. Intelligent robots and teleoperators will be needed, together with improved sensory systems for the robotics, housekeeping, vehicle control, and spacecraft housekeeping systems. Finally, NASA is developing the ROBSIM computer program to evaluate level of automation, perform parametric studies and error analyses, optimize trajectories and control systems, and assess AI technology.

An Opening Chapter of the First Generation of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: The First Rutgers AIM Workshop, June 1975

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Summary The first generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine methods were developed in the early 1970’s drawing on insights about problem solving in AI. They developed new ways of representing structured expert knowledge about clinical and biomedical problems using causal, taxonomic, associational, rule, and frame-based models. By 1975, several prototype systems had been developed and clinically tested, and the Rutgers Research Resource on Computers in Biomedicine hosted the first in a series of workshops on AI in Medicine that helped researchers and clinicians share their ideas, demonstrate their models, and comment on the prospects for the field. These developments and the workshops themselves benefited considerably from Stanford’s SUMEX-AIM pioneering experiment in biomedical computer networking. This paper focuses on discussions about issues at the intersection of medicine and artificial intelligence that took place during the presentations and panels at the First Rutgers AIM Workshop in New Brunswick, New Jersey from June 14 to 17, 1975. PMID:26123911

An Opening Chapter of the First Generation of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: The First Rutgers AIM Workshop, June 1975.

PubMed

Kulikowski, C A

2015-08-13

The first generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine methods were developed in the early 1970's drawing on insights about problem solving in AI. They developed new ways of representing structured expert knowledge about clinical and biomedical problems using causal, taxonomic, associational, rule, and frame-based models. By 1975, several prototype systems had been developed and clinically tested, and the Rutgers Research Resource on Computers in Biomedicine hosted the first in a series of workshops on AI in Medicine that helped researchers and clinicians share their ideas, demonstrate their models, and comment on the prospects for the field. These developments and the workshops themselves benefited considerably from Stanford's SUMEX-AIM pioneering experiment in biomedical computer networking. This paper focuses on discussions about issues at the intersection of medicine and artificial intelligence that took place during the presentations and panels at the First Rutgers AIM Workshop in New Brunswick, New Jersey from June 14 to 17, 1975.

Artificial Intelligence for Pathologists Is Not Near--It Is Here: Description of a Prototype That Can Transform How We Practice Pathology Tomorrow.

PubMed

Ye, Jay J

2015-07-01

Pathologists' daily tasks consist of both the professional interpretation of slides and the secretarial tasks of translating these interpretations into final pathology reports, the latter of which is a time-consuming endeavor for most pathologists. To describe an artificial intelligence that performs secretarial tasks, designated as Secretary-Mimicking Artificial Intelligence (SMILE). The underling implementation of SMILE is a collection of computer programs that work in concert to "listen to" the voice commands and to "watch for" the changes of windows caused by slide bar code scanning; SMILE responds to these inputs by acting upon PowerPath Client windows (Sunquest Information Systems, Tucson, Arizona) and its Microsoft Word (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington) Add-In window, eventuating in the reports being typed and finalized. Secretary-Mimicking Artificial Intelligence also communicates relevant information to the pathologist via the computer speakers and message box on the screen. Secretary-Mimicking Artificial Intelligence performs many secretarial tasks intelligently and semiautonomously, with rapidity and consistency, thus enabling pathologists to focus on slide interpretation, which results in a marked increase in productivity, decrease in errors, and reduction of stress in daily practice. Secretary-Mimicking Artificial Intelligence undergoes encounter-based learning continually, resulting in a continuous improvement in its knowledge-based intelligence. Artificial intelligence for pathologists is both feasible and powerful. The future widespread use of artificial intelligence in our profession is certainly going to transform how we practice pathology.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Information Search and Retrieval: The Development and Testing of an Intelligent Technical Information System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvey, Francis A.

This paper describes the evolution and development of an intelligent information system, i.e., a knowledge base for steel structures being undertaken as part of the Technical Information Center for Steel Structures at Lehigh University's Center of Advanced Technology for Large Structural Systems (ATLSS). The initial development of the Technical…

Methodology Investigation of AI(Artificial Intelligence) Test Officer Support Tool. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

American Association for Artificial inteligence A! ............. Artificial inteliigence AMC ............ Unt:ed States Army Maeriel Comand ASL...block number) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems Automated Aids to Testing 9. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and...identify by block number) This report covers the application of Artificial Intelligence-Techniques to the problem of creating automated tools to

An Artificial Neural Network Controller for Intelligent Transportation Systems Applications

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

An Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control (AICC) has been designed using a feedforward artificial neural network, as an example for utilizing artificial neural networks for nonlinear control problems arising in intelligent transportation systems appli...

Some Steps towards Intelligent Computer Tutoring Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tchogovadze, Gotcha G.

1986-01-01

Describes one way of structuring an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) in light of developments in artificial intelligence. A specialized intelligent operating system (SIOS) is proposed for software for a network of microcomputers, and it is postulated that a general learning system must be used as a basic framework for the SIOS. (Author/LRW)

Analysis of optoelectronic strategic planning in Taiwan by artificial intelligence portfolio tool

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Rang-Seng

1992-05-01

Taiwan ROC has achieved significant advances in the optoelectronic industry with some Taiwan products ranked high in the world market and technology. Six segmentations of optoelectronic were planned. Each one was divided into several strategic items, design artificial intelligent portfolio tool (AIPT) to analyze the optoelectronic strategic planning in Taiwan. The portfolio is designed to provoke strategic thinking intelligently. This computer- generated strategy should be selected and modified by the individual. Some strategies for the development of the Taiwan optoelectronic industry also are discussed in this paper.

Automated Scheduling Via Artificial Intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Biefeld, Eric W.; Cooper, Lynne P.

1991-01-01

Artificial-intelligence software that automates scheduling developed in Operations Mission Planner (OMP) research project. Software used in both generation of new schedules and modification of existing schedules in view of changes in tasks and/or available resources. Approach based on iterative refinement. Although project focused upon scheduling of operations of scientific instruments and other equipment aboard spacecraft, also applicable to such terrestrial problems as scheduling production in factory.

A Game Based e-Learning System to Teach Artificial Intelligence in the Computer Sciences Degree

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Castro-Santos, Amable; Fajardo, Waldo; Molina-Solana, Miguel

2017-01-01

Our students taking the Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering courses often encounter a large number of problems to solve which are not directly related to the subject to be learned. To solve this problem, we have developed a game based e-learning system. The elected game, that has been implemented as an e-learning system, allows to…

Artificial Intelligence and Computer Assisted Instruction. CITE Report No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elsom-Cook, Mark

The purpose of the paper is to outline some of the major ways in which artificial intelligence research and techniques can affect usage of computers in an educational environment. The role of artificial intelligence is defined, and the difference between Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) and Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction (ICAI) is…

An overview of artificial intelligence and robotics. Volume 1: Artificial intelligence. Part C: Basic AI topics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gevarter, W. B.

1983-01-01

Readily understandable overviews of search oriented problem solving, knowledge representation, and computational logic are provided. Mechanization, automation and artificial intelligence are discussed as well as how they interrelate.

Application of temporal LNC logic in artificial intelligence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adamek, Marek; Mulawka, Jan

2016-09-01

This paper presents the temporal logic inference engine developed in our university. It is an attempt to demonstrate implementation and practical application of temporal logic LNC developed in Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw.1 The paper describes the fundamentals of LNC logic, architecture and implementation of inference engine. The practical application is shown by providing the solution for popular in Artificial Intelligence problem of Missionaries and Cannibals in terms of LNC logic. Both problem formulation and inference engine are described in details.

A Bioinspired Mineral Hydrogel as a Self-Healable, Mechanically Adaptable Ionic Skin for Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensing.

PubMed

Lei, Zhouyue; Wang, Quankang; Sun, Shengtong; Zhu, Wencheng; Wu, Peiyi

2017-06-01

In the past two decades, artificial skin-like materials have received increasing research interests for their broad applications in artificial intelligence, wearable devices, and soft robotics. However, profound challenges remain in terms of imitating human skin because of its unique combination of mechanical and sensory properties. In this work, a bioinspired mineral hydrogel is developed to fabricate a novel type of mechanically adaptable ionic skin sensor. Due to its unique viscoelastic properties, the hydrogel-based capacitive sensor is compliant, self-healable, and can sense subtle pressure changes, such as a gentle finger touch, human motion, or even small water droplets. It might not only show great potential in applications such as artificial intelligence, human/machine interactions, personal healthcare, and wearable devices, but also promote the development of next-generation mechanically adaptable intelligent skin-like devices. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrington, Michael

1996-01-01

Introduces the field of intelligent computer assisted language learning (ICALL) and relates them to current practice in computer assisted language learning (CALL) and second language learning. Points out that ICALL applies expertise from artificial intelligence and the computer and cognitive sciences to the development of language learning…

Artificial intelligence and space power systems automation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weeks, David J.

1987-01-01

Various applications of artificial intelligence to space electrical power systems are discussed. An overview is given of completed, on-going, and planned knowledge-based system activities. These applications include the Nickel-Cadmium Battery Expert System (NICBES) (the expert system interfaced with the Hubble Space Telescope electrical power system test bed); the early work with the Space Station Experiment Scheduler (SSES); the three expert systems under development in the space station advanced development effort in the core module power management and distribution system test bed; planned cooperation of expert systems in the Core Module Power Management and Distribution (CM/PMAD) system breadboard with expert systems for the space station at other research centers; and the intelligent data reduction expert system under development.

Artificial intelligence support for scientific model-building

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keller, Richard M.

1992-01-01

Scientific model-building can be a time-intensive and painstaking process, often involving the development of large and complex computer programs. Despite the effort involved, scientific models cannot easily be distributed and shared with other scientists. In general, implemented scientific models are complex, idiosyncratic, and difficult for anyone but the original scientific development team to understand. We believe that artificial intelligence techniques can facilitate both the model-building and model-sharing process. In this paper, we overview our effort to build a scientific modeling software tool that aids the scientist in developing and using models. This tool includes an interactive intelligent graphical interface, a high-level domain specific modeling language, a library of physics equations and experimental datasets, and a suite of data display facilities.

Space Station Mission Planning System (MPS) development study. Volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klus, W. J.

1987-01-01

The process and existing software used for Spacelab payload mission planning were studied. A complete baseline definition of the Spacelab payload mission planning process was established, along with a definition of existing software capabilities for potential extrapolation to the Space Station. This information was used as a basis for defining system requirements to support Space Station mission planning. The Space Station mission planning concept was reviewed for the purpose of identifying areas where artificial intelligence concepts might offer substantially improved capability. Three specific artificial intelligence concepts were to be investigated for applicability: natural language interfaces; expert systems; and automatic programming. The advantages and disadvantages of interfacing an artificial intelligence language with existing FORTRAN programs or of converting totally to a new programming language were identified.

A Distributed Problem-Solving Approach to Rule Induction: Learning in Distributed Artificial Intelligence Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-01

Intelligence Systems," in Distributed Artifcial Intelligence , vol. II, L. Gasser and M. Huhns (eds), Pitman, London, 1989, pp. 413-430. Shaw, M. Harrow, B...IDTIC FILE COPY A Distributed Problem-Solving Approach to Rule Induction: Learning in Distributed Artificial Intelligence Systems N Michael I. Shaw...SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS A Distributed Problem-Solving Approach to Rule Induction: Learning in Distributed Artificial Intelligence Systems 6

Classification of intelligence quotient via brainwave sub-band power ratio features and artificial neural network.

PubMed

Jahidin, A H; Megat Ali, M S A; Taib, M N; Tahir, N Md; Yassin, I M; Lias, S

2014-04-01

This paper elaborates on the novel intelligence assessment method using the brainwave sub-band power ratio features. The study focuses only on the left hemisphere brainwave in its relaxed state. Distinct intelligence quotient groups have been established earlier from the score of the Raven Progressive Matrices. Sub-band power ratios are calculated from energy spectral density of theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. Synthetic data have been generated to increase dataset from 50 to 120. The features are used as input to the artificial neural network. Subsequently, the brain behaviour model has been developed using an artificial neural network that is trained with optimized learning rate, momentum constant and hidden nodes. Findings indicate that the distinct intelligence quotient groups can be classified from the brainwave sub-band power ratios with 100% training and 88.89% testing accuracies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cooperative analysis expert situation assessment research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccown, Michael G.

1987-01-01

For the past few decades, Rome Air Development Center (RADC) has been conducting research in Artificial Intelligence (AI). When the recent advances in hardware technology made many AI techniques practical, the Intelligence and Reconnaissance Directorate of RADC initiated an applications program entitled Knowledge Based Intelligence Systems (KBIS). The goal of the program is the development of a generic Intelligent Analyst System, an open machine with the framework for intelligence analysis, natural language processing, and man-machine interface techniques, needing only the specific problem domain knowledge to be operationally useful. The development of KBIS is described.

2017 Cybersecurity Workshop: Readouts from Working Groups - Video Text

Science.gov Websites

applicability of artificial intelligence to search for cybersecurity gaps in our existing SKATA networks. Second primarily renewable that all back each other up; that are all highly intelligent, artificial intelligence we have in cyber security, digital technologies, artificial intelligence. We think that that would

Virtual Reality for Artificial Intelligence: human-centered simulation for social science.

PubMed

Cipresso, Pietro; Riva, Giuseppe

2015-01-01

There is a long last tradition in Artificial Intelligence as use of Robots endowing human peculiarities, from a cognitive and emotional point of view, and not only in shape. Today Artificial Intelligence is more oriented to several form of collective intelligence, also building robot simulators (hardware or software) to deeply understand collective behaviors in human beings and society as a whole. Modeling has also been crucial in the social sciences, to understand how complex systems can arise from simple rules. However, while engineers' simulations can be performed in the physical world using robots, for social scientist this is impossible. For decades, researchers tried to improve simulations by endowing artificial agents with simple and complex rules that emulated human behavior also by using artificial intelligence (AI). To include human beings and their real intelligence within artificial societies is now the big challenge. We present an hybrid (human-artificial) platform where experiments can be performed by simulated artificial worlds in the following manner: 1) agents' behaviors are regulated by the behaviors shown in Virtual Reality involving real human beings exposed to specific situations to simulate, and 2) technology transfers these rules into the artificial world. These form a closed-loop of real behaviors inserted into artificial agents, which can be used to study real society.

Statistical Software and Artificial Intelligence: A Watershed in Applications Programming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pickett, John C.

1984-01-01

AUTOBJ and AUTOBOX are revolutionary software programs which contain the first application of artificial intelligence to statistical procedures used in analysis of time series data. The artificial intelligence included in the programs and program features are discussed. (JN)

Artificial intelligence in astronomy - a forecast.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adorf, H. M.

Since several years artificial intelligence techniques are being actively used in astronomy, particularly within the Hubble Space Telescope project. This contribution reviews achievements, analyses some problems of using artificial intelligence in an astronomical environment, and projects current AI programming trends into the future.

Intelligent Frameworks for Instructional Design.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spector, J. Michael; And Others

Many researchers are attempting to develop automated instructional development systems to guide subject matter experts through the lengthy and difficult process of courseware development. Because the targeted users often lack instructional design expertise, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to…

An intelligent remote monitoring system for artificial heart.

PubMed

Choi, Jaesoon; Park, Jun W; Chung, Jinhan; Min, Byoung G

2005-12-01

A web-based database system for intelligent remote monitoring of an artificial heart has been developed. It is important for patients with an artificial heart implant to be discharged from the hospital after an appropriate stabilization period for better recovery and quality of life. Reliable continuous remote monitoring systems for these patients with life support devices are gaining practical meaning. The authors have developed a remote monitoring system for this purpose that consists of a portable/desktop monitoring terminal, a database for continuous recording of patient and device status, a web-based data access system with which clinicians can access real-time patient and device status data and past history data, and an intelligent diagnosis algorithm module that noninvasively estimates blood pump output and makes automatic classification of the device status. The system has been tested with data generation emulators installed on remote sites for simulation study, and in two cases of animal experiments conducted at remote facilities. The system showed acceptable functionality and reliability. The intelligence algorithm also showed acceptable practicality in an application to animal experiment data.

Issues in management of artificial intelligence based projects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kiss, P. A.; Freeman, Michael S.

1988-01-01

Now that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is gaining acceptance, it is important to examine some of the obstacles that still stand in the way of its progress. Ironically, many of these obstacles are related to management and are aggravated by the very characteristcs that make AI useful. The purpose of this paper is to heighten awareness of management issues in AI development and to focus attention on their resolution.

Quality use of the computer: Computational mechanics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and acoustic sensing; Proceedings of the ASME/JSME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Honolulu, HI, July 23-27, 1989

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cory, J. F., Jr.; Gordon, J. L.; Miyoshi, T.; Suzuki, K.

1989-06-01

Papers are presented on the use of microcomputers, supercomputers, and workstations in solid and structural mechanics. Artificial intelligence technology, the development and use of expert systems, and research in the area of robotics are discussed. Attention is also given to probabilistic finite element and boundary element methods and acoustic sensing.

The development of an intelligent interface to a computational fluid dynamics flow-solver code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Anthony D.

1988-01-01

Researchers at NASA Lewis are currently developing an 'intelligent' interface to aid in the development and use of large, computational fluid dynamics flow-solver codes for studying the internal fluid behavior of aerospace propulsion systems. This paper discusses the requirements, design, and implementation of an intelligent interface to Proteus, a general purpose, 3-D, Navier-Stokes flow solver. The interface is called PROTAIS to denote its introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) concepts to the Proteus code.

The development of an intelligent interface to a computational fluid dynamics flow-solver code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Anthony D.

1988-01-01

Researchers at NASA Lewis are currently developing an 'intelligent' interface to aid in the development and use of large, computational fluid dynamics flow-solver codes for studying the internal fluid behavior of aerospace propulsion systems. This paper discusses the requirements, design, and implementation of an intelligent interface to Proteus, a general purpose, three-dimensional, Navier-Stokes flow solver. The interface is called PROTAIS to denote its introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) concepts to the Proteus code.

In Pursuit of Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watstein, Sarah; Kesselman, Martin

1986-01-01

Defines artificial intelligence and reviews current research in natural language processing, expert systems, and robotics and sensory systems. Discussion covers current commercial applications of artificial intelligence and projections of uses and limitations in library technical and public services, e.g., in cataloging and online information and…

Analysis and Implementation of Robust Grasping Behaviors

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

34 Technical Report 992, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, May, 1987. 2. Brooks, R. A. "Achieving Artifci &l Intelligence Through...DTIu FILE COPY Technical Report 1237 ’Analysis and Implementation of NRobust Grasping Behaviors Camille Z. Chammas MIT Artificial Intelligence ...describes research conducted at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the laboratory’s

An Approach to Object Recognition: Aligning Pictorial Descriptions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-01

PERFORMING 0RGANIZATION NAMIE ANDORS IS551. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK Artificial Inteligence Laboratory AREKA A WORK UNIT NUMBERS ( 545 Technology... ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LABORATORY A.I. Memo No. 931 December, 1986 AN APPROACH TO OBJECT RECOGNITION: ALIGNING PICTORIAL DESCRIPTIONS Shimon Ullman...within the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the A.I. Laboratory’s artificial intelligence

Computer Simulated Visual and Tactile Feedback as an Aid to Manipulator and Vehicle Control,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-05-08

STATEMENT ........................ 8 Artificial Intellegence Versus Supervisory Control ....... 8 Computer Generation of Operator Feedback...operator. Artificial Intelligence Versus Supervisory Control The use of computers to aid human operators can be divided into two catagories: artificial ...operator. Artificial intelligence ( A. I. ) attempts to give the computer maximum intelligence and to replace all operator functions by the computer

Artificial Intelligence and Language Comprehension.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Inst. of Education (DHEW), Washington, DC. Basic Skills Group. Learning Div.

The three papers in this volume concerning artificial intelligence and language comprehension were commissioned by the National Institute of Education to further the understanding of the cognitive processes that enable people to comprehend what they read. The first paper, "Artificial Intelligence and Language Comprehension," by Terry Winograd,…

The application of intelligent process control to space based systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wakefield, G. Steve

1990-01-01

The application of Artificial Intelligence to electronic and process control can help attain the autonomy and safety requirements of manned space systems. An overview of documented applications within various industries is presented. The development process is discussed along with associated issues for implementing an intelligence process control system.

Integrating Human and Computer Intelligence. Technical Report No. 32.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pea, Roy D.

This paper explores the thesis that advances in computer applications and artificial intelligence have important implications for the study of development and learning in psychology. Current approaches to the use of computers as devices for problem solving, reasoning, and thinking--i.e., expert systems and intelligent tutoring systems--are…

Intelligent Learning Management Systems: Definition, Features and Measurement of Intelligence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fardinpour, Ali; Pedram, Mir Mohsen; Burkle, Martha

2014-01-01

Virtual Learning Environments have been the center of attention in the last few decades and help educators tremendously with providing students with educational resources. Since artificial intelligence was used for educational proposes, learning management system developers showed much interest in making their products smarter and more…

Present situation and trend of precision guidance technology and its intelligence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shang, Zhengguo; Liu, Tiandong

2017-11-01

This paper first introduces the basic concepts of precision guidance technology and artificial intelligence technology. Then gives a brief introduction of intelligent precision guidance technology, and with the help of development of intelligent weapon based on deep learning project in foreign: LRASM missile project, TRACE project, and BLADE project, this paper gives an overview of the current foreign precision guidance technology. Finally, the future development trend of intelligent precision guidance technology is summarized, mainly concentrated in the multi objectives, intelligent classification, weak target detection and recognition, intelligent between complex environment intelligent jamming and multi-source, multi missile cooperative fighting and other aspects.

An application of artificial intelligence theory to reconfigurable flight control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Handelman, David A.

1987-01-01

Artificial intelligence techniques were used along with statistical hpyothesis testing and modern control theory, to help the pilot cope with the issues of information, knowledge, and capability in the event of a failure. An intelligent flight control system is being developed which utilizes knowledge of cause and effect relationships between all aircraft components. It will screen the information available to the pilots, supplement his knowledge, and most importantly, utilize the remaining flight capability of the aircraft following a failure. The list of failure types the control system will accommodate includes sensor failures, actuator failures, and structural failures.

An Examination of Application of Artificial Neural Network in Cognitive Radios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bello Salau, H.; Onwuka, E. N.; Aibinu, A. M.

2013-12-01

Recent advancement in software radio technology has led to the development of smart device known as cognitive radio. This type of radio fuses powerful techniques taken from artificial intelligence, game theory, wideband/multiple antenna techniques, information theory and statistical signal processing to create an outstanding dynamic behavior. This cognitive radio is utilized in achieving diverse set of applications such as spectrum sensing, radio parameter adaptation and signal classification. This paper contributes by reviewing different cognitive radio implementation that uses artificial intelligence such as the hidden markov models, metaheuristic algorithm and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Furthermore, different areas of application of ANNs and their performance metrics based approach are also examined.

A Research Program on Artificial Intelligence in Process Engineering.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephanopoulos, George

1986-01-01

Discusses the use of artificial intelligence systems in process engineering. Describes a new program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology which attempts to advance process engineering through technological advances in the areas of artificial intelligence and computers. Identifies the program's hardware facilities, software support,…

Transforming Systems Engineering through Model-Centric Engineering

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-02-28

intelligence (e.g., Artificial Intelligence , etc.), because they provide a means for representing knowledge. We see these capabilities coming to use in both...level, including:  Performance is measured by degree of success of a mission  Artificial Intelligence (AI) is applied to counterparties so that they...Modeling, Artificial Intelligence , Simulation and Modeling, 1989. [140] SAE ARP4761. Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process

Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Telescopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahoney, William; Thanjavur, Karun

2011-03-01

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is key to the natural evolution of today's automated telescopes to fully autonomous systems. Based on its rapid development over the past five decades, AI offers numerous, well-tested techniques for knowledge based decision making essential for real-time telescope monitoring and control, with minimal - and eventually no - human intervention. We present three applications of AI developed at CFHT for monitoring instantaneous sky conditions, assessing quality of imaging data, and a prototype for scheduling observations in real-time. Closely complementing the current remote operations at CFHT, we foresee further development of these methods and full integration in the near future.

Robotic air vehicle. Blending artificial intelligence with conventional software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcnulty, Christa; Graham, Joyce; Roewer, Paul

1987-01-01

The Robotic Air Vehicle (RAV) system is described. The program's objectives were to design, implement, and demonstrate cooperating expert systems for piloting robotic air vehicles. The development of this system merges conventional programming used in passive navigation with Artificial Intelligence techniques such as voice recognition, spatial reasoning, and expert systems. The individual components of the RAV system are discussed as well as their interactions with each other and how they operate as a system.

Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems: Will They Change the Library? Papers Presented at the Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing (27th, Urbana, Illinois, March 25-27, 1990). Illinois, March 25-27, 1990).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lancaster, F. W., Ed.; Smith, Linda C., Ed.

Some of the 12 conference papers presented in this proceedings focus on the present and potential capabilities of artificial intelligence and expert systems as they relate to a wide range of library applications, including descriptive cataloging, technical services, collection development, subject indexing, reference services, database searching,…

Application of artificial intelligence (AI) concepts to the development of space flight parts approval model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krishnan, G. S.

1997-01-01

A cost effective model which uses the artificial intelligence techniques in the selection and approval of parts is presented. The knowledge which is acquired from the specialists for different part types are represented in a knowledge base in the form of rules and objects. The parts information is stored separately in a data base and is isolated from the knowledge base. Validation, verification and performance issues are highlighted.

Dynamical Systems and Motion Vision.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

TASK Artificial Inteligence Laboratory AREA I WORK UNIT NUMBERS 545 Technology Square . Cambridge, MA 02139 C\\ II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO0 ADDRESS...INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LABORATORY A.I.Memo No. 1037 April, 1988 Dynamical Systems and Motion Vision Joachim Heel Abstract: In this... Artificial Intelligence L3 Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the Laboratory’s [1 Artificial Intelligence Research is

Artificial Intelligence Study (AIS).

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-02-01

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGNECE HARDWARE ....... 2-50 AI Architecture ................................... 2-49 AI Hardware ....................................... 2...ftf1 829 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STUDY (RIS)(U) MAY CONCEPTS 1/3 A~NLYSIS AGENCY BETHESA RD R B NOJESKI FED 6? CM-RP-97-1 NCASIFIED /01/6 M |K 1.0...p/ - - ., e -- CAA- RP- 87-1 SAOFŔ)11 I ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STUDY (AIS) tNo DTICFEBRUARY 1987 LECT 00 I PREPARED BY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

Expertise, Task Complexity, and Artificial Intelligence: A Conceptual Framework.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckland, Michael K.; Florian, Doris

1991-01-01

Examines the relationship between users' expertise, task complexity of information system use, and artificial intelligence to provide the basis for a conceptual framework for considering the role that artificial intelligence might play in information systems. Cognitive and conceptual models are discussed, and cost effectiveness is considered. (27…

Partial Bibliography of Work on Expert Systems,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

Bibliography: AAAI American Association for Artificial Intelligence ACM Association for Computing Machinery AFIPS American Federation of Information...Processing Societies ECAI European Conference on Artificial Intelligence IEEE Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers IFIPS International...Federation of Information Processing Societies IJCAI International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on

Artificial Intelligence Based Selection of Optimal Cutting Tool and Process Parameters for Effective Turning and Milling Operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saranya, Kunaparaju; John Rozario Jegaraj, J.; Ramesh Kumar, Katta; Venkateshwara Rao, Ghanta

2016-06-01

With the increased trend in automation of modern manufacturing industry, the human intervention in routine, repetitive and data specific activities of manufacturing is greatly reduced. In this paper, an attempt has been made to reduce the human intervention in selection of optimal cutting tool and process parameters for metal cutting applications, using Artificial Intelligence techniques. Generally, the selection of appropriate cutting tool and parameters in metal cutting is carried out by experienced technician/cutting tool expert based on his knowledge base or extensive search from huge cutting tool database. The present proposed approach replaces the existing practice of physical search for tools from the databooks/tool catalogues with intelligent knowledge-based selection system. This system employs artificial intelligence based techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm for decision making and optimization. This intelligence based optimal tool selection strategy is developed using Mathworks Matlab Version 7.11.0 and implemented. The cutting tool database was obtained from the tool catalogues of different tool manufacturers. This paper discusses in detail, the methodology and strategies employed for selection of appropriate cutting tool and optimization of process parameters based on multi-objective optimization criteria considering material removal rate, tool life and tool cost.

Development and validation of deterioration models for concrete bridge decks - phase 1 : artificial intelligence models and bridge management system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

This research documents the development and evaluation of artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict the condition ratings of concrete highway bridge decks in Michigan. Historical condition assessments chronicled in the national bridge invento...

Does Artificial Neural Network Support Connectivism's Assumptions?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

AlDahdouh, Alaa A.

2017-01-01

Connectivism was presented as a learning theory for the digital age and connectivists claim that recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, more specifically, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) support their assumptions of knowledge connectivity. Yet, very little has been done to investigate this brave allegation. Does the advancement…

The Case for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

PubMed Central

Reggia, James A.

1983-01-01

Current artificial intelligence (AI) technology can be viewed as producing “systematic artifacts” onto which we project an interpretation of intelligent behavior. One major benefit this technology could bring to medicine is help with handling the tremendous and growing volume of medical knowledge. The reader is led to a vision of the medical library of tomorrow, an interactive, artificially intelligent knowledge source that is fully and directly integrated with daily patient care.

Naval Computer-Based Instruction: Cost, Implementation and Effectiveness Issues.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

logical follow on to MITIPAC and are an attempt to use some artificial intelligence (AI) techniques with computer-based training. A good intelligent ...principles of steam plant operation and maintenance. Steamer was written in LISP on a LISP machine in an attempt to use artificial intelligence . "What... Artificial Intelligence and Speech Technology", Electronic Learning, September 1987. Montague, William. E., code 5, Navy Personnel Research and

List of ARI Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Books, and Book Chapters: 1982-1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-01

and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, Tullahoma, TN. Goehring, D.J., & Hart, R.J. (1985, October). Automated...systems: Computkr-based authoring. Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting of the Artificial Intelligence Society, Dayton, OH. Knapp, D.J., & Pliske, R.M...Moses, F.L. (1984-85) Intelligence vehicle integrated displays. Paper presented at the Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence , the Data Processing

Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

Artificial Intelligence Labora- tory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the labora- tory’s aritificial intelligence research is...RD-A157 917 ACTORS: A MODEL OF CONCURRENT COMPUTATION IN 1/3- DISTRIBUTED SY𔃿TEMS(U) MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CRMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ...Computation In Distributed Systems Gui A. Aghai MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Thsdocument ha. been cipp-oved I= pblicrelease and sale; itsI

Applications of artificial intelligence to space station: General purpose intelligent sensor interface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckee, James W.

1988-01-01

This final report describes the accomplishments of the General Purpose Intelligent Sensor Interface task of the Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Space Station grant for the period from October 1, 1987 through September 30, 1988. Portions of the First Biannual Report not revised will not be included but only referenced. The goal is to develop an intelligent sensor system that will simplify the design and development of expert systems using sensors of the physical phenomena as a source of data. This research will concentrate on the integration of image processing sensors and voice processing sensors with a computer designed for expert system development. The result of this research will be the design and documentation of a system in which the user will not need to be an expert in such areas as image processing algorithms, local area networks, image processor hardware selection or interfacing, television camera selection, voice recognition hardware selection, or analog signal processing. The user will be able to access data from video or voice sensors through standard LISP statements without any need to know about the sensor hardware or software.

The use of artificially intelligent agents with bounded rationality in the study of economic markets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rajan, V.; Slagle, J.R.

The concepts of {open_quote}knowledge{close_quote} and {open_quote}rationality{close_quote} are of central importance to fields of science that are interested in human behavior and learning, such as artificial intelligence, economics, and psychology. The similarity between artificial intelligence and economics - both are concerned with intelligent thought, rational behavior, and the use and acquisition of knowledge - has led to the use of economic models as a paradigm for solving problems in distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) and multi agent systems (MAS). What we propose is the opposite; the use of artificial intelligence in the study of economic markets. Over the centuries various theories ofmore » market behavior have been advanced. The prevailing theory holds that an asset`s current price converges to the risk adjusted value of the rationally expected dividend stream. While this rational expectations model holds in equilibrium or near-equilibrium conditions, it does not sufficiently explain conditions of market disequilibrium. An example of market disequilibrium is the phenomenon of a speculative bubble. We present an example of using artificially intelligent agents with bounded rationality in the study of speculative bubbles.« less

MESA: An Interactive Modeling and Simulation Environment for Intelligent Systems Automation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Charest, Leonard

1994-01-01

This report describes MESA, a software environment for creating applications that automate NASA mission opterations. MESA enables intelligent automation by utilizing model-based reasoning techniques developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Model-based reasoning techniques are realized in Mesa through native support of causal modeling and discrete event simulation.

Prediction of Human Intestinal Absorption of Compounds Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques.

PubMed

Kumar, Rajnish; Sharma, Anju; Siddiqui, Mohammed Haris; Tiwari, Rajesh Kumar

2017-01-01

Information about Pharmacokinetics of compounds is an essential component of drug design and development. Modeling the pharmacokinetic properties require identification of the factors effecting absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of compounds. There have been continuous attempts in the prediction of intestinal absorption of compounds using various Artificial intelligence methods in the effort to reduce the attrition rate of drug candidates entering to preclinical and clinical trials. Currently, there are large numbers of individual predictive models available for absorption using machine learning approaches. Six Artificial intelligence methods namely, Support vector machine, k- nearest neighbor, Probabilistic neural network, Artificial neural network, Partial least square and Linear discriminant analysis were used for prediction of absorption of compounds. Prediction accuracy of Support vector machine, k- nearest neighbor, Probabilistic neural network, Artificial neural network, Partial least square and Linear discriminant analysis for prediction of intestinal absorption of compounds was found to be 91.54%, 88.33%, 84.30%, 86.51%, 79.07% and 80.08% respectively. Comparative analysis of all the six prediction models suggested that Support vector machine with Radial basis function based kernel is comparatively better for binary classification of compounds using human intestinal absorption and may be useful at preliminary stages of drug design and development. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Intelligence Fusion Modeling. A Proposed Approach.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-16

based techniques developed by artificial intelligence researchers. This paper describes the application of these techniques in the modeling of an... intelligence requirements, although the methods presented are applicable . We treat PIR/IR as given. -7- -- -W V"W v* 1.- . :71.,v It k*~ ~-- Movement...items from the PIR/IR/HVT decomposition are received from the CMDS. Formatted tactical intelligence reports are received from sensors of like types

Visiting Scholars Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

other associated grants. 15. SUBJECT TERMS SUNY Poly, STEM, Artificial Intelligence , Command and Control 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17...neuromorphic system has the potential to be widely used in a high-efficiency artificial intelligence system. Simulation results have indicated that the...novel multiresolution fusion and advanced fusion performance evaluation tool for an Artificial Intelligence based natural language annotation engine for

Artificial Intelligence Measurement System, Overview and Lessons Learned. Final Project Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Eva L.; Butler, Frances A.

This report summarizes the work conducted for the Artificial Intelligence Measurement System (AIMS) Project which was undertaken as an exploration of methodology to consider how the effects of artificial intelligence systems could be compared to human performance. The research covered four areas of inquiry: (1) natural language processing and…

The Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Aids for the Disabled.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyer, John J.

The paper explores the possibilities for applying the knowledge of artificial intelligence (AI) research to aids for the disabled. Following a definition of artificial intelligence, the paper reviews areas of basic AI research, such as computer vision, machine learning, and planning and problem solving. Among application areas relevant to the…

Recent developments of artificial intelligence in drying of fresh food: A review.

PubMed

Sun, Qing; Zhang, Min; Mujumdar, Arun S

2018-03-01

Intellectualization is an important direction of drying development and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been widely used to solve problems of nonlinear function approximation, pattern detection, data interpretation, optimization, simulation, diagnosis, control, data sorting, clustering, and noise reduction in different food drying technologies due to the advantages of self-learning ability, adaptive ability, strong fault tolerance and high degree robustness to map the nonlinear structures of arbitrarily complex and dynamic phenomena. This article presents a comprehensive review on intelligent drying technologies and their applications. The paper starts with the introduction of basic theoretical knowledge of ANN, fuzzy logic and expert system. Then, we summarize the AI application of modeling, predicting, and optimization of heat and mass transfer, thermodynamic performance parameters, and quality indicators as well as physiochemical properties of dried products in artificial biomimetic technology (electronic nose, computer vision) and different conventional drying technologies. Furthermore, opportunities and limitations of AI technique in drying are also outlined to provide more ideas for researchers in this area.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauer, Frank H. (Technical Monitor); Dufrene, Warren R., Jr.

2003-01-01

This paper describes the development of an application of Artificial Intelligence for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control. The project was done as part of the requirements for a class in Artificial Intelligence (AI) at Nova southeastern University and as an adjunct to a project at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Wallops Flight Facility for a resilient, robust, and intelligent UAV flight control system. A method is outlined which allows a base level application for applying an AI method, Fuzzy Logic, to aspects of Control Logic for UAV flight. One element of UAV flight, automated altitude hold, has been implemented and preliminary results displayed. A low cost approach was taken using freeware, gnu, software, and demo programs. The focus of this research has been to outline some of the AI techniques used for UAV flight control and discuss some of the tools used to apply AI techniques. The intent is to succeed with the implementation of applying AI techniques to actually control different aspects of the flight of an UAV.

Towards an Intelligent Planning Knowledge Base Development Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chien, S.

1994-01-01

ract describes work in developing knowledge base editing and debugging tools for the Multimission VICAR Planner (MVP) system. MVP uses artificial intelligence planning techniques to automatically construct executable complex image processing procedures (using models of the smaller constituent image processing requests made to the JPL Multimission Image Processing Laboratory.

Computer Assisted Instructional Design for Computer-Based Instruction. Final Report. Working Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell, Daniel M.; Pirolli, Peter

Recent advances in artificial intelligence and the cognitive sciences have made it possible to develop successful intelligent computer-aided instructional systems for technical and scientific training. In addition, computer-aided design (CAD) environments that support the rapid development of such computer-based instruction have also been recently…

The importance of motivation and emotion for explaining human cognition.

PubMed

Güss, C Dominik; Dörner, Dietrich

2017-01-01

Lake et al. discuss building blocks of human intelligence that are quite different from those of artificial intelligence. We argue that a theory of human intelligence has to incorporate human motivations and emotions. The interaction of motivation, emotion, and cognition is the real strength of human intelligence and distinguishes it from artificial intelligence.

Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium (NAIC). Volume 4. Distributed Artificial Intelligence for Communications Network Management

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

subject to resource constraints. Mul- tista~ze negotiation has been developed as a means by which an agent can acquire ,em 0ugh additional knowledge to...complete knowledge often expands the search space without providing a compensatiN means for focusing the search. In a multi-agent system with each...These relationships have strengthened our abilities to conduct meaningful research and to assist the transfer of technolog frni th, 81 university

The use of artificial intelligence techniques to improve the multiple payload integration process

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cutts, Dannie E.; Widgren, Brian K.

1992-01-01

A maximum return of science and products with a minimum expenditure of time and resources is a major goal of mission payload integration. A critical component then, in successful mission payload integration is the acquisition and analysis of experiment requirements from the principal investigator and payload element developer teams. One effort to use artificial intelligence techniques to improve the acquisition and analysis of experiment requirements within the payload integration process is described.

Exodus - Distributed artificial intelligence for Shuttle firing rooms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heard, Astrid E.

1990-01-01

This paper describes the Expert System for Operations Distributed Users (EXODUS), a knowledge-based artificial intelligence system developed for the four Firing Rooms at the Kennedy Space Center. EXODUS is used by the Shuttle engineers and test conductors to monitor and control the sequence of tasks required for processing and launching Shuttle vehicles. In this paper, attention is given to the goals and the design of EXODUS, the operational requirements, and the extensibility of the technology.

Artificial life and Piaget.

PubMed

Mueller, Ulrich; Grobman, K H.

2003-04-01

Artificial life provides important theoretical and methodological tools for the investigation of Piaget's developmental theory. This new method uses artificial neural networks to simulate living phenomena in a computer. A recent study by Parisi and Schlesinger suggests that artificial life might reinvigorate the Piagetian framework. We contrast artificial life with traditional cognitivist approaches, discuss the role of innateness in development, and examine the relation between physiological and psychological explanations of intelligent behaviour.

Mobile robot navigation modulated by artificial emotions.

PubMed

Lee-Johnson, C P; Carnegie, D A

2010-04-01

For artificial intelligence research to progress beyond the highly specialized task-dependent implementations achievable today, researchers may need to incorporate aspects of biological behavior that have not traditionally been associated with intelligence. Affective processes such as emotions may be crucial to the generalized intelligence possessed by humans and animals. A number of robots and autonomous agents have been created that can emulate human emotions, but the majority of this research focuses on the social domain. In contrast, we have developed a hybrid reactive/deliberative architecture that incorporates artificial emotions to improve the general adaptive performance of a mobile robot for a navigation task. Emotions are active on multiple architectural levels, modulating the robot's decisions and actions to suit the context of its situation. Reactive emotions interact with the robot's control system, altering its parameters in response to appraisals from short-term sensor data. Deliberative emotions are learned associations that bias path planning in response to eliciting objects or events. Quantitative results are presented that demonstrate situations in which each artificial emotion can be beneficial to performance.

A development framework for distributed artificial intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adler, Richard M.; Cottman, Bruce H.

1989-01-01

The authors describe distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) applications in which multiple organizations of agents solve multiple domain problems. They then describe work in progress on a DAI system development environment, called SOCIAL, which consists of three primary language-based components. The Knowledge Object Language defines models of knowledge representation and reasoning. The metaCourier language supplies the underlying functionality for interprocess communication and control access across heterogeneous computing environments. The metaAgents language defines models for agent organization coordination, control, and resource management. Application agents and agent organizations will be constructed by combining metaAgents and metaCourier building blocks with task-specific functionality such as diagnostic or planning reasoning. This architecture hides implementation details of communications, control, and integration in distributed processing environments, enabling application developers to concentrate on the design and functionality of the intelligent agents and agent networks themselves.

Open ended intelligence: the individuation of intelligent agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weinbaum Weaver, David; Veitas, Viktoras

2017-03-01

Artificial general intelligence is a field of research aiming to distil the principles of intelligence that operate independently of a specific problem domain and utilise these principles in order to synthesise systems capable of performing any intellectual task a human being is capable of and beyond. While "narrow" artificial intelligence which focuses on solving specific problems such as speech recognition, text comprehension, visual pattern recognition and robotic motion has shown impressive breakthroughs lately, understanding general intelligence remains elusive. We propose a paradigm shift from intelligence perceived as a competence of individual agents defined in relation to an a priori given problem domain or a goal, to intelligence perceived as a formative process of self-organisation. We call this process open-ended intelligence. Starting with a brief introduction of the current conceptual approach, we expose a number of serious limitations that are traced back to the ontological roots of the concept of intelligence. Open-ended intelligence is then developed as an abstraction of the process of human cognitive development, so its application can be extended to general agents and systems. We introduce and discuss three facets of the idea: the philosophical concept of individuation, sense-making and the individuation of general cognitive agents. We further show how open-ended intelligence can be framed in terms of a distributed, self-organising network of interacting elements and how such process is scalable. The framework highlights an important relation between coordination and intelligence and a new understanding of values.

How feasible is the rapid development of artificial superintelligence?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sotala, Kaj

2017-11-01

What kinds of fundamental limits are there in how capable artificial intelligence (AI) systems might become? Two questions in particular are of interest: (1) How much more capable could AI become relative to humans, and (2) how easily could superhuman capability be acquired? To answer these questions, we will consider the literature on human expertise and intelligence, discuss its relevance for AI, and consider how AI could improve on humans in two major aspects of thought and expertise, namely simulation and pattern recognition. We find that although there are very real limits to prediction, it seems like AI could still substantially improve on human intelligence.

Artificial intelligence and robotics in high throughput post-genomics.

PubMed

Laghaee, Aroosha; Malcolm, Chris; Hallam, John; Ghazal, Peter

2005-09-15

The shift of post-genomics towards a systems approach has offered an ever-increasing role for artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. Many disciplines (e.g. engineering, robotics, computer science) bear on the problem of automating the different stages involved in post-genomic research with a view to developing quality assured high-dimensional data. We review some of the latest contributions of AI and robotics to this end and note the limitations arising from the current independent, exploratory way in which specific solutions are being presented for specific problems without regard to how these could be eventually integrated into one comprehensible integrated intelligent system.

Artificial Intelligence Applications to High-Technology Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dede, Christopher

1987-01-01

Discusses the use of artificial intelligence to improve occupational instruction in complex subjects with high performance goals, such as those required for high-technology jobs. Highlights include intelligent computer assisted instruction, examples in space technology training, intelligent simulation environments, and the need for adult training…

Artificial intelligence and synthetic biology: A tri-temporal contribution.

PubMed

Bianchini, Francesco

2016-10-01

Artificial intelligence can make numerous contributions to synthetic biology. I would like to suggest three that are related to the past, present and future of artificial intelligence. From the past, works in biology and artificial systems by Turing and von Neumann prove highly interesting to explore within the new framework of synthetic biology, especially with regard to the notions of self-modification and self-replication and their links to emergence and the bottom-up approach. The current epistemological inquiry into emergence and research on swarm intelligence, superorganisms and biologically inspired cognitive architecture may lead to new achievements on the possibilities of synthetic biology in explaining cognitive processes. Finally, the present-day discussion on the future of artificial intelligence and the rise of superintelligence may point to some research trends for the future of synthetic biology and help to better define the boundary of notions such as "life", "cognition", "artificial" and "natural", as well as their interconnections in theoretical synthetic biology. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Protecting Networks Via Automated Defense of Cyber Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

autonomics, and artificial intelligence . Our conclusion is that automation is the future of cyber defense, and that advances are being made in each of...SUBJECT TERMS Internet of Things, autonomics, sensors, artificial intelligence , cyber defense, active cyber defense, automated indicator sharing...called Automated Defense of Cyber Systems, built upon three core technological components: sensors, autonomics, and artificial intelligence . Our

Automated Knowledge Generation with Persistent Surveillance Video

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-26

5 2.1 Artificial Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.1 Formal Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.2...background of Artificial Intelligence and the reasoning engines that will be applied to generate knowledge from data. Section 2.2 discusses background on...generation from persistent video. 4 II. Background In this chapter, we will discuss the background of Artificial Intelligence, Semantic Web, image

Finding Edges and Lines in Images.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

34 UNCLASSI FlED , SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("osen Data Entered) READ INSTRUCTIONSREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM I. REPORT...PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK Artificial Intelligence Laboratory AREA&WORKUNITNUMBERS 545 Technology Square...in the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the laboratory’s artificial intelligence research

Case-Based Planning: An Integrated Theory of Planning, Learning and Memory

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-10-01

rtvoeoo oldo II nocomtmry and Idonltly by block numbor) planning Case-based reasoning learning Artificial Intelligence 20. ABSTRACT (Conllnum...Computational Model of Analogical Prob- lem Solving, Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ...Understanding and Generalizing Plans., Proceedings of the Eight Interna- tional Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence , IJCAI, Karlsrhue, Germany

Instrumentation for Scientific Computing in Neural Networks, Information Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Applied Mathematics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-01

include Security Classification) Instrumentation for scientific computing in neural networks, information science, artificial intelligence, and...instrumentation grant to purchase equipment for support of research in neural networks, information science, artificail intellignece , and applied mathematics...in Neural Networks, Information Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Applied Mathematics Contract AFOSR 86-0282 Principal Investigator: Stephen

Real Rules of Inference

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

the AAAI Workshop on Uncertainty and Probability in Artificial Intelligence , 1985. [McC771 McCarthy, J. "Epistemological Problems of Aritificial ...NUMBER OF PAGES Artificial Intelligence , Data Fusion, Inference, Probability, 30 Philosophy, Inheritance Hierachies, Default Reasoning ia.PRCECODE I...prominent philosophers Glymour and Thomason even applaud the uninhibited steps: Artificial Intelligence has done us the service not only of reminding us

Cultural Modelling: Literature review

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

of mood and/or emotions. Our review did show some evidence that artificial intelligence research has tended to depict human decision making as...pp. 72-79). The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour (AISB). Halfill, T., Sundstrom, E., Nielsen, T. M...M. & Thagard, P. (2005). Changing personalities: Towards realistic virtual characters. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence

Games and Machine Learning: A Powerful Combination in an Artificial Intelligence Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallace, Scott A.; McCartney, Robert; Russell, Ingrid

2010-01-01

Project MLeXAI [Machine Learning eXperiences in Artificial Intelligence (AI)] seeks to build a set of reusable course curriculum and hands on laboratory projects for the artificial intelligence classroom. In this article, we describe two game-based projects from the second phase of project MLeXAI: Robot Defense--a simple real-time strategy game…

Smart Collections: Can Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques Assist with Discovering, Evaluating and Tagging Digital Learning Resources?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leibbrandt, Richard; Yang, Dongqiang; Pfitzner, Darius; Powers, David; Mitchell, Pru; Hayman, Sarah; Eddy, Helen

2010-01-01

This paper reports on a joint proof of concept project undertaken by researchers from the Flinders University Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in partnership with information managers from the Education Network Australia (edna) team at Education Services Australia to address the question of whether artificial intelligence techniques could be…

Knowledge Based Simulation: An Artificial Intelligence Approach to System Modeling and Automating the Simulation Life Cycle.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-13

Simulation: An Artificial Intelligence Approach to System Modeling and Automating the Simulation Life Cycle Mark S. Fox, Nizwer Husain, Malcolm...McRoberts and Y.V.Reddy CMU-RI-TR-88-5 Intelligent Systems Laboratory The Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania D T T 13...years of research in the application of Artificial Intelligence to Simulation. Our focus has been in two areas: the use of Al knowledge representation

Application of Artificial Intelligence technology to the analysis and synthesis of reliable software systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wild, Christian; Eckhardt, Dave

1987-01-01

The development of a methodology for the production of highly reliable software is one of the greatest challenges facing the computer industry. Meeting this challenge will undoubtably involve the integration of many technologies. This paper describes the use of Artificial Intelligence technologies in the automated analysis of the formal algebraic specifications of abstract data types. These technologies include symbolic execution of specifications using techniques of automated deduction and machine learning through the use of examples. On-going research into the role of knowledge representation and problem solving in the process of developing software is also discussed.

Development of the Diagnostic Expert System for Tea Processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshitomi, Hitoshi; Yamaguchi, Yuichi

A diagnostic expert system for tea processing which can presume the cause of the defect of the processed tea was developed to contribute to the improvement of tea processing. This system that consists of some programs can be used through the Internet. The inference engine, the core of the system adopts production system which is well used on artificial intelligence, and is coded by Prolog as the artificial intelligence oriented language. At present, 176 rules for inference have been registered on this system. The system will be able to presume better if more rules are added to the system.

Intelligent Tutoring Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, John R.; Boyle, C. Franklin; Reiser, Brian J.

1985-04-01

Cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and computer technology have advanced to the point where it is feasible to build computer systems that are as effective as intelligent human tutors. Computer tutors based on a set of pedagogical principles derived from the ACT theory of cognition have been developed for teaching students to do proofs in geometry and to write computer programs in the language LISP.

Intelligent tutoring systems.

PubMed

Anderson, J R; Boyle, C F; Reiser, B J

1985-04-26

Cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and computer technology have advanced to the point where it is feasible to build computer systems that are as effective as intelligent human tutors. Computer tutors based on a set of pedagogical principles derived from the ACT theory of cognition have been developed for teaching students to do proofs in geometry and to write computer programs in the language LISP.

Evaluation Approaches to Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction. Testing Study Group: The Impact of Advances in Artificial Intelligence on Test Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Eva L.

Some special problems associated with evaluating intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI) programs are addressed. This paper intends to describe alternative approaches to the assessment and improvement of such applications and to provide examples of efforts undertaken and shortfalls. Issues discussed stem chiefly from the technical demands…

Developing Realistic Behaviors in Adversarial Agents for Air Combat Simulation

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

34Building Symbolic Primitives with Continuous Control Rou- tines." Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Aritificial Intelligence Planning...shortcoming is the minimal Air Force participation in this field. 1-1 Some of the artificial intelligence (AI) personnel at the Air Force Institute of... intelligent system that operates in a moderately complex or unpredictable environment must be reactive. In being reactive the intelligent system must

Artificial Intelligence: An Analysis of Potential Applications to Training, Performance Measurement, and Job Performance Aiding.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

AD-Ali33 592 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL 1/1 APPLICATIONS TO TRAININ..(U) DENVER RESEARCH INST CO JRICHARDSON SEP 83 AFHRL-TP...83-28 b ’ 3 - 4. TITLE (aied Suhkie) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED ARTIFICIAL INTEL11GENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF Interim POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO...8217 sde if neceseamy end ides*f by black naumber) artificial intelligence military research * computer-aided diagnosis performance tests computer

Economic development evaluation based on science and patents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jokanović, Bojana; Lalic, Bojan; Milovančević, Miloš; Simeunović, Nenad; Marković, Dusan

2017-09-01

Economic development could be achieved through many factors. Science and technology factors could influence economic development drastically. Therefore the main aim in this study was to apply computational intelligence methodology, artificial neural network approach, for economic development estimation based on different science and technology factors. Since economic analyzing could be very challenging task because of high nonlinearity, in this study was applied computational intelligence methodology, artificial neural network approach, to estimate the economic development based on different science and technology factors. As economic development measure, gross domestic product (GDP) was used. As the science and technology factors, patents in different field were used. It was found that the patents in electrical engineering field have the highest influence on the economic development or the GDP.

Development of a Heuristic Knowledge Base for the Selection of Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Environmental Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-01

David King. Expert Systems: Artificial Intelligence in Bins. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1985. 10. Hayes-Roth, Frederick, Donald A. Waterman...Technology (AU), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, July 1992. 26. Simmons, Asa B. and Steven G. Chappel. " Artificial Intelligence - Defini- tion and Practice," IEEE...information on treatment standards is through the publication of the CERCLA Compane With Other Laws Manual and the Co endium of CERCIA ARARs Fact Sheets

Artificial Intelligence for VHSIC Systems Design (AIVD) User Reference Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

The goal of this program was to develop prototype tools which would use artificial intelligence techniques to extend the Architecture Design and Assessment (ADAS) software capabilities. These techniques were applied in a number of ways to increase the productivity of ADAS users. AIM will reduce the amount of time spent on tedious, negative, and error-prone steps. It will also provide f documentation that will assist users in varifying that the models they build are correct Finally, AIVD will help make ADAS models more reusable.

Artificial intelligence techniques for scheduling Space Shuttle missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henke, Andrea L.; Stottler, Richard H.

1994-01-01

Planning and scheduling of NASA Space Shuttle missions is a complex, labor-intensive process requiring the expertise of experienced mission planners. We have developed a planning and scheduling system using combinations of artificial intelligence knowledge representations and planning techniques to capture mission planning knowledge and automate the multi-mission planning process. Our integrated object oriented and rule-based approach reduces planning time by orders of magnitude and provides planners with the flexibility to easily modify planning knowledge and constraints without requiring programming expertise.

A Challenge to Watson

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Detterman, Douglas K.

2011-01-01

Watson's Jeopardy victory raises the question of the similarity of artificial intelligence and human intelligence. Those of us who study human intelligence issue a challenge to the artificial intelligence community. We will construct a unique battery of tests for any computer that would provide an actual IQ score for the computer. This is the same…

Research Needs for Artificial Intelligence Applications in Support of C3 (Command, Control, and Communication).

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

system. The reconstruction process is Simply data fusion after allA data are in. After reconstruction, artifcial intelligence (Al) techniques may be...14. CATE OF fhPM~TVW MWtvt Ogv It PAWE COMN Interim __100 -_ TO December 1984 24 MILD ON" s-o Artificial intelligence Command control Data fusion...RD-Ai5O 867 RESEARCH NEEDS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS i/i IN SUPPORT OF C3 (..(U) NAVAL OCEAN SVSTEIIS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA R R DILLARD

Operations Monitoring Assistant System Design

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-07-01

Logic. Artificial Inteligence 25(1)::75-94. January.18. 41 -Nils J. Nilsson. Problem-Solving Methods In Artificli Intelligence. .klcG raw-Hill B3ook...operations monitoring assistant (OMA) system is designed that combines operations research, artificial intelligence, and human reasoning techniques and...KnowledgeCraft (from Carnegie Group), and 5.1 (from Teknowledze). These tools incorporate the best methods of applied artificial intelligence, and

The Classification, Detection and Handling of Imperfect Theory Problems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-20

Explanation-Based Learning: Failure-Driven Schema Refinement." Proceedings of the Third IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications . Orlando...A. Rajamoney. Gerald F. DeJong Artificial Intelligence Research Group " . Coordinated Science Laboratory " University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign...Urbana. IL 61801 . April 1987 ABSTRACT This paper also appears in the Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence

Interdisciplinary Study on Artificial Intelligence.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-01

systems, uiophysics of information processing, cognitive science, and traditional artificial intelligence. The objective behi d this objective was to...information processing, cognitive science, and traditional * artificial intelligence. The objective behind this objective was to provide a vehicle for reviewing...Another departure from ’classical’ neurodynamics must be sought in the strong coupling between the micro and macroscopic scales. No other physical mechanism

Organisational Structure and Information Technology (IT): Exploring the Implications of IT for Future Military Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-07-01

4 Abbreviations AI Artificial Intelligence AM Artificial Memory CAD Computer Aided...memory (AM), artificial intelligence (AI), and embedded knowledge systems it is possible to expand the “effective span of competence” of...Technology J Joint J2 Joint Intelligence J3 Joint Operations NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NCW Network Centric Warfare NHS National Health

Patient behavior and the benefits of artificial intelligence: the perils of "dangerous" literacy and illusory patient empowerment.

PubMed

Schulz, Peter J; Nakamoto, Kent

2013-08-01

Artificial intelligence can provide important support of patient health. However, limits to realized benefits can arise as patients assume an active role in their health decisions. Distinguishing the concepts of health literacy and patient empowerment, we analyze conditions that bias patient use of the Internet and limit access to and impact of artificial intelligence. Improving health literacy in the face of the Internet requires significant guidance. Patients must be directed toward the appropriate tools and also provided with key background knowledge enabling them to use the tools and capitalize on the artificial intelligence technology. Benefits of tools employing artificial intelligence to promote health cannot be realized without recognizing and addressing the patients' desires, expectations, and limitations that impact their Internet behavior. In order to benefit from artificial intelligence, patients need a substantial level of background knowledge and skill in information use-i.e., health literacy. It is critical that health professionals respond to patient search for information on the Internet, first by guiding their search to relevant, authoritative, and responsive sources, and second by educating patients about how to interpret the information they are likely to encounter. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intelligent Tutoring System: A Tool for Testing the Research Curiosities of Artificial Intelligence Researchers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yaratan, Huseyin

2003-01-01

An ITS (Intelligent Tutoring System) is a teaching-learning medium that uses artificial intelligence (AI) technology for instruction. Roberts and Park (1983) defines AI as the attempt to get computers to perform tasks that if performed by a human-being, intelligence would be required to perform the task. The design of an ITS comprises two distinct…

STANFORD ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROJECT.

DTIC Science & Technology

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE , GAME THEORY, DECISION MAKING, BIONICS, AUTOMATA, SPEECH RECOGNITION, GEOMETRIC FORMS, LEARNING MACHINES, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, PATTERN RECOGNITION, SERVOMECHANISMS, SIMULATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES.

Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium annual report. Volume 2. 1988. Discussing, using, and recognizing plans (NLP). Interim report, January-December 1988

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shapiro, S.C.; Woolf, B.

The Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium (NAIC) was created by the Air Force Systems Command, Rome Air Development Center, and the Office of Scientific Research. Its purpose is to conduct pertinent research in artificial intelligence and to perform activities ancillary to this research. This report describes progress that has been made in the fourth year of the existence of the NAIC on the technical research tasks undertaken at the member universities. The topics covered in general are: versatile expert system for equipment maintenance, distributed AI for communications system control, automatic photointerpretation, time-oriented problem solving, speech understanding systems, knowledge base maintenance, hardwaremore » architectures for very large systems, knowledge-based reasoning and planning, and a knowledge acquisition, assistance, and explanation system. The specific topic for this volume is the recognition of plans expressed in natural language, followed by their discussion and use.« less

Airport Surface Traffic Automation Study.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-09

the use of Artificial Intellignece * technology in enroute ATC can be applied directly to the surface control problem. 7.6 Development Approach The next...problems in airport surface control. If artificial intelligance provides useful results for airborne automation, the same techniques should prove useful

Investigating AI with BASIC and Logo: Helping the Computer to Understand INPUTS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mandell, Alan; Lucking, Robert

1988-01-01

Investigates using the microcomputer to develop a sentence parser to simulate intelligent conversation used in artificial intelligence applications. Compares the ability of LOGO and BASIC for this use. Lists and critiques several LOGO and BASIC parser programs. (MVL)

A development framework for artificial intelligence based distributed operations support systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adler, Richard M.; Cottman, Bruce H.

1990-01-01

Advanced automation is required to reduce costly human operations support requirements for complex space-based and ground control systems. Existing knowledge based technologies have been used successfully to automate individual operations tasks. Considerably less progress has been made in integrating and coordinating multiple operations applications for unified intelligent support systems. To fill this gap, SOCIAL, a tool set for developing Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) systems is being constructed. SOCIAL consists of three primary language based components defining: models of interprocess communication across heterogeneous platforms; models for interprocess coordination, concurrency control, and fault management; and for accessing heterogeneous information resources. DAI applications subsystems, either new or existing, will access these distributed services non-intrusively, via high-level message-based protocols. SOCIAL will reduce the complexity of distributed communications, control, and integration, enabling developers to concentrate on the design and functionality of the target DAI system itself.

Simultaneous Planning and Control for Autonomous Ground Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

these applications is called A * ( A -star), and it was originally developed by Hart, Nilsson, and Raphael [HAR68]. Their research presented the formal...sequence, rather than a dynamic programming approach. A * search is a technique originally developed for Artificial Intelligence 43 applications ... developed at the Center for Intelligent Machines and Robotics, serves as a platform for the implementation and testing discussed. autonomous

Implementation of artificial intelligence rules in a data base management system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feyock, S.

1986-01-01

The intelligent front end prototype was transformed into a RIM-integrated system. A RIM-based expert system was written which demonstrated the developed capability. The use of rules to produce extensibility of the intelligent front end, including the concept of demons and rule manipulation rules were investigated. Innovative approaches such as syntax programming were to be considered.

Open source hardware and software platform for robotics and artificial intelligence applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, S. Ng; Tan, K. O.; Lai Clement, T. H.; Ng, S. K.; Mohammed, A. H. Ali; Mailah, Musa; Azhar Yussof, Wan; Hamedon, Zamzuri; Yussof, Zulkifli

2016-02-01

Recent developments in open source hardware and software platforms (Android, Arduino, Linux, OpenCV etc.) have enabled rapid development of previously expensive and sophisticated system within a lower budget and flatter learning curves for developers. Using these platform, we designed and developed a Java-based 3D robotic simulation system, with graph database, which is integrated in online and offline modes with an Android-Arduino based rubbish picking remote control car. The combination of the open source hardware and software system created a flexible and expandable platform for further developments in the future, both in the software and hardware areas, in particular in combination with graph database for artificial intelligence, as well as more sophisticated hardware, such as legged or humanoid robots.

Spontaneous Analogy by Piggybacking on a Perceptual System

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

1992). High-level Perception, Representation, and Analogy: A Critique of Artificial Intelligence Methodology. J. Exp. Theor. Artif . Intell., 4(3...nrl.navy.mil David W. Aha Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence Naval Research Laboratory (Code 5510); Washington, DC 20375 david.aha...Research Laboratory,Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence (Code 5510),4555 Overlook Ave., SW,Washington,DC,20375 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

Circumscribing Circumscription. A Guide to Relevance and Incompleteness,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-10-01

other rules of conjecture, to account for resource limitations. P "- h’ MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LABORATORY A.I. Memo...of conjecture, to account for resource limitations. This report describes research done at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts...Institute of Technology. Support for the laboratory’s artificial intelligence research is provided in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency

Why the United States Must Adopt Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-25

2017. http://www.designboom.com/ technology /designboom-tech-predictions-robotics-12-26- 2016/. Egan, Matt. "Robots Write Thousands Of News Stories A...views on the morality of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics technology . Eastern culture sees artificial intelligence as an economic savior...Army, 37 pages. The East and West have differing views on the morality of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics technology . Eastern culture

Artificial Intelligence-Based Student Learning Evaluation: A Concept Map-Based Approach for Analyzing a Student's Understanding of a Topic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jain, G. Panka; Gurupur, Varadraj P.; Schroeder, Jennifer L.; Faulkenberry, Eileen D.

2014-01-01

In this paper, we describe a tool coined as artificial intelligence-based student learning evaluation tool (AISLE). The main purpose of this tool is to improve the use of artificial intelligence techniques in evaluating a student's understanding of a particular topic of study using concept maps. Here, we calculate the probability distribution of…

THRESHOLD LOGIC IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

DTIC Science & Technology

COMPUTER LOGIC, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE , BIONICS, GEOMETRY, INPUT OUTPUT DEVICES, LINEAR PROGRAMMING, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC, MATHEMATICAL PREDICTION, NETWORKS, PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROBABILITY, SWITCHING CIRCUITS, SYNTHESIS

Artificial intelligence approaches to software engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johannes, James D.; Macdonald, James R.

1988-01-01

Artificial intelligence approaches to software engineering are examined. The software development life cycle is a sequence of not so well-defined phases. Improved techniques for developing systems have been formulated over the past 15 years, but pressure continues to attempt to reduce current costs. Software development technology seems to be standing still. The primary objective of the knowledge-based approach to software development presented in this paper is to avoid problem areas that lead to schedule slippages, cost overruns, or software products that fall short of their desired goals. Identifying and resolving software problems early, often in the phase in which they first occur, has been shown to contribute significantly to reducing risks in software development. Software development is not a mechanical process but a basic human activity. It requires clear thinking, work, and rework to be successful. The artificial intelligence approaches to software engineering presented support the software development life cycle through the use of software development techniques and methodologies in terms of changing current practices and methods. These should be replaced by better techniques that that improve the process of of software development and the quality of the resulting products. The software development process can be structured into well-defined steps, of which the interfaces are standardized, supported and checked by automated procedures that provide error detection, production of the documentation and ultimately support the actual design of complex programs.

Expert System Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) is a software shell for developing expert systems is designed to allow research and development of artificial intelligence on conventional computers. Originally developed by Johnson Space Center, it enables highly efficient pattern matching. A collection of conditions and actions to be taken if the conditions are met is built into a rule network. Additional pertinent facts are matched to the rule network. Using the program, E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. is monitoring chemical production machines; California Polytechnic State University is investigating artificial intelligence in computer aided design; Mentor Graphics has built a new Circuit Synthesis system, and Brooke and Brooke, a law firm, can determine which facts from a file are most important.

Neurolinguistically constrained simulation of sentence comprehension: integrating artificial intelligence and brain theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gigley, H.M.

1982-01-01

An artificial intelligence approach to the simulation of neurolinguistically constrained processes in sentence comprehension is developed using control strategies for simulation of cooperative computation in associative networks. The desirability of this control strategy in contrast to ATN and production system strategies is explained. A first pass implementation of HOPE, an artificial intelligence simulation model of sentence comprehension, constrained by studies of aphasic performance, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and linguistic theory is described. Claims that the model could serve as a basis for sentence production simulation and for a model of language acquisition as associative learning are discussed. HOPE is a model thatmore » performs in a normal state and includes a lesion simulation facility. HOPE is also a research tool. Its modifiability and use as a tool to investigate hypothesized causes of degradation in comprehension performance by aphasic patients are described. Issues of using behavioral constraints in modelling and obtaining appropriate data for simulated process modelling are discussed. Finally, problems of validation of the simulation results are raised; and issues of how to interpret clinical results to define the evolution of the model are discussed. Conclusions with respect to the feasibility of artificial intelligence simulation process modelling are discussed based on the current state of research.« less

Research and applications: Artificial intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raphael, B.; Fikes, R. E.; Chaitin, L. J.; Hart, P. E.; Duda, R. O.; Nilsson, N. J.

1971-01-01

A program of research in the field of artificial intelligence is presented. The research areas discussed include automatic theorem proving, representations of real-world environments, problem-solving methods, the design of a programming system for problem-solving research, techniques for general scene analysis based upon television data, and the problems of assembling an integrated robot system. Major accomplishments include the development of a new problem-solving system that uses both formal logical inference and informal heuristic methods, the development of a method of automatic learning by generalization, and the design of the overall structure of a new complete robot system. Eight appendices to the report contain extensive technical details of the work described.

Estimation of urban runoff and water quality using remote sensing and artificial intelligence.

PubMed

Ha, S R; Park, S Y; Park, D H

2003-01-01

Water quality and quantity of runoff are strongly dependent on the landuse and landcover (LULC) criteria. In this study, we developed a more improved parameter estimation procedure for the environmental model using remote sensing (RS) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Landsat TM multi-band (7bands) and Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT) panchromatic data were selected for input data processing. We employed two kinds of artificial intelligence techniques, RBF-NN (radial-basis-function neural network) and ANN (artificial neural network), to classify LULC of the study area. A bootstrap resampling method, a statistical technique, was employed to generate the confidence intervals and distribution of the unit load. SWMM was used to simulate the urban runoff and water quality and applied to the study watershed. The condition of urban flow and non-point contaminations was simulated with rainfall-runoff and measured water quality data. The estimated total runoff, peak time, and pollutant generation varied considerably according to the classification accuracy and percentile unit load applied. The proposed procedure would efficiently be applied to water quality and runoff simulation in a rapidly changing urban area.

Artificial intelligence in robot control systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korikov, A.

2018-05-01

This paper analyzes modern concepts of artificial intelligence and known definitions of the term "level of intelligence". In robotics artificial intelligence system is defined as a system that works intelligently and optimally. The author proposes to use optimization methods for the design of intelligent robot control systems. The article provides the formalization of problems of robotic control system design, as a class of extremum problems with constraints. Solving these problems is rather complicated due to the high dimensionality, polymodality and a priori uncertainty. Decomposition of the extremum problems according to the method, suggested by the author, allows reducing them into a sequence of simpler problems, that can be successfully solved by modern computing technology. Several possible approaches to solving such problems are considered in the article.

Artificial Neural Networks Applications: from Aircraft Design Optimization to Orbiting Spacecraft On-board Environment Monitoring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jules, Kenol; Lin, Paul P.

2002-01-01

This paper reviews some of the recent applications of artificial neural networks taken from various works performed by the authors over the last four years at the NASA Glenn Research Center. This paper focuses mainly on two areas. First, artificial neural networks application in design and optimization of aircraft/engine propulsion systems to shorten the overall design cycle. Out of that specific application, a generic design tool was developed, which can be used for most design optimization process. Second, artificial neural networks application in monitoring the microgravity quality onboard the International Space Station, using on-board accelerometers for data acquisition. These two different applications are reviewed in this paper to show the broad applicability of artificial intelligence in various disciplines. The intent of this paper is not to give in-depth details of these two applications, but to show the need to combine different artificial intelligence techniques or algorithms in order to design an optimized or versatile system.

A Progress Report on Artificial Intelligence: Hospital Applications and a Review of the Artificial Intelligence Marketplace

PubMed Central

Brenkus, Lawrence M.

1984-01-01

Artificial intelligence applications are finally beginning to move from the university research laboratory into commercial use. Before the end of the century, this new computer technology will have profound effects on our work, economy, and lives. At present, relatively few products have appeared in the hospital, but we can anticipate significant product offerings in instrumentation and affecting hospital administration within 5 years.

A Spoken English Recognition Expert System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

Davidson. "Representation of Knowledge," Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, edited by Avron Barr and Edward A. Felgenbaum. DTIC document number AD...Regents of the University of CalTorni, 1981. 9. Gardner, Anne. "Search," Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, edited by Avron Barr and Edward A...Felgenbaum, DTIC document number AD A074078, 1979. 10. Gardner, Anne,et al. "Natural Language Understanding," Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, edited

Active Ambiguity Reduction: An Experiment Design Approach to Tractable Qualitative Reasoning.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-20

Approach to Tractable Qualitative Reasoning Shankar A. Rajamoney t [ For Gerald F. DeJong Artificial Intelligence Research Group Coordinated Science...Representations of Knowledge in a Mechanics Problem- Solver." Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge. MIA...International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Tokyo. Japan. 1979. [de Kleer84] J. de Kleer and J. S. Brown. "A Qualitative Physics Based on

Defense Information Systems Program Automated CORDIVEM Design Requirements,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-28

for the Soviet military organization and equipment. Dr. John Spagnuolo incorporated artificial intelligence techniques in the discussion of functional...4-44 4.1.2.18.2 Artificial Intelligence ...... ........ 4-49 4.1.2.18.3 Types of A.I ................. 4-51 4.1.2.19 General Planning Requirements...described later. Further, some subprocesses may need one of the various techniques associated with the broad field of Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) in

Microcomputer-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems: An Assessment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaffer, John William

Computer-assisted instruction, while familiar to most teachers, has failed to become an effective self-motivating instructional tool. Developments in artificial intelligence, however, have provided new and better tools for exploring human knowledge acquisition and utilization. Expert system technology represents one of the most promising of these…

Quantum neuromorphic hardware for quantum artificial intelligence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prati, Enrico

2017-08-01

The development of machine learning methods based on deep learning boosted the field of artificial intelligence towards unprecedented achievements and application in several fields. Such prominent results were made in parallel with the first successful demonstrations of fault tolerant hardware for quantum information processing. To which extent deep learning can take advantage of the existence of a hardware based on qubits behaving as a universal quantum computer is an open question under investigation. Here I review the convergence between the two fields towards implementation of advanced quantum algorithms, including quantum deep learning.

The role of networks and artificial intelligence in nanotechnology design and analysis.

PubMed

Hudson, D L; Cohen, M E

2004-05-01

Techniques with their origins in artificial intelligence have had a great impact on many areas of biomedicine. Expert-based systems have been used to develop computer-assisted decision aids. Neural networks have been used extensively in disease classification and more recently in many bioinformatics applications including genomics and drug design. Network theory in general has proved useful in modeling all aspects of biomedicine from healthcare organizational structure to biochemical pathways. These methods show promise in applications involving nanotechnology both in the design phase and in interpretation of system functioning.

Multisensor system and artificial intelligence in housing for the elderly.

PubMed

Chan, M; Bocquet, H; Campo, E; Val, T; Estève, D; Pous, J

1998-01-01

To improve the safety of a growing proportion of elderly and disabled people in the developed countries, a multisensor system based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), Advanced Telecommunications (AT) and Information Technology (IT) has been devised and fabricated. Thus, the habits and behaviours of these populations will be recorded without disturbing their daily activities. AI will diagnose any abnormal behavior or change and the system will warn the professionals. Gerontology issues are presented together with the multisensor system, the AI-based learning and diagnosis methodology and the main functionalities.

Deploying an Intelligent Pairing Assistant for Air Operation Centers

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-23

primary contributions of this case study are applying artificial intelligence techniques to a novel domain and discussing the software evaluation...their standard workflows. The primary contributions of this case study are applying artificial intelligence techniques to a novel domain and...users for more efficient and accurate pairing? Participants Participants in the evaluation consisted of three SMEs employed at Intelligent Software

Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium Annual Report - 1988 Parallel Vision. Volume 9

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-01

supports the Northeast Aritificial Intelligence Consortium (NAIC). Volume 9 Parallel Vision Report submitted by Christopher M. Brown Randal C. Nelson...NORTHEAST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONSORTIUM ANNUAL REPORT - 1988 Parallel Vision Syracuse University Christopher M. Brown and Randal C. Nelson...Technical Director Directorate of Intelligence & Reconnaissance FOR THE COMMANDER: IGOR G. PLONISCH Directorate of Plans & Programs If your address has

Thutmose - Investigation of Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

research is being done to incorporate the field of machine learning into intrusion detection. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI...adversarial drift." Proceedings of the 2013 ACM workshop on Artificial intelligence and security. ACM. (2013) Kantarcioglu, M., Xi, B., and Clifton, C. "A...34 Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Security and artificial intelligence . ACM. (2011) Dua, S., and Du, X. Data Mining and Machine Learning in

Intelligent Tutor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

NASA also seeks to advance American education by employing the technology utilization process to develop a computerized, artificial intelligence-based Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) to help high school and college physics students. The tutoring system is designed for use with the lecture and laboratory portions of a typical physics instructional program. Its importance lies in its ability to observe continually as a student develops problem solutions and to intervene when appropriate with assistance specifically directed at the student's difficulty and tailored to his skill level and learning style. ITS originated as a project of the Johnson Space Center (JSC). It is being developed by JSC's Software Technology Branch in cooperation with Dr. R. Bowen Loftin at the University of Houston-Downtown. Program is jointly sponsored by NASA and ACOT (Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow). Other organizations providing support include Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, the National Research Council, Pennzoil Products Company and the George R. Brown Foundation. The Physics I class of Clear Creek High School, League City, Texas are providing the classroom environment for test and evaluation of the system. The ITS is a spinoff product developed earlier to integrate artificial intelligence into training/tutoring systems for NASA astronauts flight controllers and engineers.

Computer Intelligence: Unlimited and Untapped.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Staples, Betsy

1983-01-01

Herbert Simon (Nobel prize-winning economist/professor) expresses his views on human and artificial intelligence, problem solving, inventing concepts, and the future. Includes comments on expert systems, state of the art in artificial intelligence, robotics, and "Bacon," a computer program that finds scientific laws hidden in raw data.…

Expert Systems and Special Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hofmeister, Alan M.; Ferrara, Joseph M.

The application of artificial intelligence to the problems of education is examined. One of the most promising areas in artificial intelligence is expert systems technology which engages the user in a problem-solving diaglogue. Some of the characteristics that make expert systems "intelligent" are identified and exemplified. The rise of…

Artificial Intelligence Applications for Education: Promise, ...Promises.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Dennis M.; Hamm, Mary

1988-01-01

Surveys the current status of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Discusses intelligent tutoring systems, robotics, and applications for educators. Likens the status of AI at present to that of aviation in the very early 1900s. States that educators need to be involved in future debates concerning AI. (CW)

Creativity in Education: A Standard for Computer-Based Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schank, Roger C.; Farrell, Robert

1988-01-01

Discussion of the potential of computers in education focuses on the need for experiential learning and developing creativity in students. Learning processes are explained in light of artificial intelligence research, problems with current uses of computers in education are discussed, and possible solutions using intelligent simulation software…

On the Edge: Intelligent CALL in the 1990s.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Underwood, John

1989-01-01

Examines the possibilities of developing computer-assisted language learning (CALL) based on the best of modern technology, arguing that artificial intelligence (AI) strategies will radically improve the kinds of exercises that can be performed. Recommends combining AI technology with other tools for delivering instruction, such as simulation and…

From Interactive Open Learner Modelling to Intelligent Mentoring: STyLE-OLM and Beyond

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dimitrova, Vania; Brna, Paul

2016-01-01

STyLE-OLM (Dimitrova 2003 "International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education," 13, 35-78) presented a framework for interactive open learner modelling which entails the development of the means by which learners can "inspect," "discuss" and "alter" the learner model that has been jointly…

Developing Emotion-Aware, Advanced Learning Technologies: A Taxonomy of Approaches and Features

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harley, Jason M.; Lajoie, Susanne P.; Frasson, Claude; Hall, Nathan C.

2017-01-01

A growing body of work on intelligent tutoring systems, affective computing, and artificial intelligence in education is exploring creative, technology-driven approaches to enhance learners' experience of adaptive, positively-valenced emotions while interacting with advanced learning technologies. Despite this, there has been no published work to…

Computer graphics testbed to simulate and test vision systems for space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheatham, John B.

1991-01-01

Research activity has shifted from computer graphics and vision systems to the broader scope of applying concepts of artificial intelligence to robotics. Specifically, the research is directed toward developing Artificial Neural Networks, Expert Systems, and Laser Imaging Techniques for Autonomous Space Robots.

Space Communication Artificial Intelligence for Link Evaluation Terminal (SCAILET)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shahidi, Anoosh K.; Schlegelmilch, Richard F.; Petrik, Edward J.; Walters, Jerry L.

1992-01-01

A software application to assist end-users of the high burst rate (HBR) link evaluation terminal (LET) for satellite communications is being developed. The HBR LET system developed at NASA Lewis Research Center is an element of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) Project. The HBR LET is divided into seven major subsystems, each with its own expert. Programming scripts, test procedures defined by design engineers, set up the HBR LET system. These programming scripts are cryptic, hard to maintain and require a steep learning curve. These scripts were developed by the system engineers who will not be available for the end-users of the system. To increase end-user productivity a friendly interface needs to be added to the system. One possible solution is to provide the user with adequate documentation to perform the needed tasks. With the complexity of this system the vast amount of documentation needed would be overwhelming and the information would be hard to retrieve. With limited resources, maintenance is another reason for not using this form of documentation. An advanced form of interaction is being explored using current computer techniques. This application, which incorporates a combination of multimedia and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to provided end-users with an intelligent interface to the HBR LET system, is comprised of an intelligent assistant, intelligent tutoring, and hypermedia documentation. The intelligent assistant and tutoring systems address the critical programming needs of the end-user.

Infrastructural intelligence: Contemporary entanglements between neuroscience and AI.

PubMed

Bruder, Johannes

2017-01-01

In this chapter, I reflect on contemporary entanglements between artificial intelligence and the neurosciences by tracing the development of Google's recent DeepMind algorithms back to their roots in neuroscientific studies of episodic memory and imagination. Google promotes a new form of "infrastructural intelligence," which excels by constantly reassessing its cognitive architecture in exchange with a cloud of data that surrounds it, and exhibits putatively human capacities such as intuition. I argue that such (re)alignments of biological and artificial intelligence have been enabled by a paradigmatic infrastructuralization of the brain in contemporary neuroscience. This infrastructuralization is based in methodologies that epistemically liken the brain to complex systems of an entirely different scale (i.e., global logistics) and has given rise to diverse research efforts that target the neuronal infrastructures of higher cognitive functions such as empathy and creativity. What is at stake in this process is no less than the shape of brains to come and a revised understanding of the intelligent and creative social subject. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Integrated Planning for Telepresence With Time Delays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, Mark; Rabe, Kenneth

2009-01-01

A conceptual "intelligent assistant" and an artificial-intelligence computer program that implements the intelligent assistant have been developed to improve control exerted by a human supervisor over a robot that is so distant that communication between the human and the robot involves significant signal-propagation delays. The goal of the effort is not only to help the human supervisor monitor and control the state of the robot, but also to improve the efficiency of the robot by allowing the supervisor to "work ahead". The intelligent assistant is an integrated combination of an artificial-intelligence planner and a monitor of states of both the human supervisor and the remote robot. The novelty of the system lies in the way it uses the planner to reason about the states at both ends of the time delay. The purpose served by the assistant is to provide advice to the human supervisor about current and future activities, derived from a sequence of high-level goals to be achieved.

Trends in telemedicine utilizing artificial intelligence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pacis, Danica Mitch M.; Subido, Edwin D. C.; Bugtai, Nilo T.

2018-02-01

With the growth and popularity of the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in several fields and industries, studies in the field of medicine have begun to implement its capabilities in handling and analyzing data to telemedicine. With the challenges in the implementation of telemedicine, there has been a need to expand its capabilities and improve procedures to be specialized to solve specific problems. The versatility and flexibility of both AI and telemedicine gave the endless possibilities for development and these can be seen in the literature reviewed in this paper. The trends in the development of the utilization of this technology can be classified in to four: patient monitoring, healthcare information technology, intelligent assistance diagnosis, and information analysis collaboration. Each trend will be discussed and presented with examples of recent literature and the problems they aim to address. Related references will also be tabulated and categorized to see the future and potential of this current trend in telemedicine.

Artificial Neural Networks and Instructional Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, Patricia A.

1991-01-01

Artificial neural networks (ANN), part of artificial intelligence, are discussed. Such networks are fed sample cases (training sets), learn how to recognize patterns in the sample data, and use this experience in handling new cases. Two cognitive roles for ANNs (intelligent filters and spreading, associative memories) are examined. Prototypes…

Soldiers’ Toolbox for Developing Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

1-67 AR (M1A2) [Player] • B/1-67 AR (M1A2) [Artificial Intelligence] • C/2-41 IN ( M2A3 ) [Artificial Intelligence] • D/2-41 IN ( M2A3 ) [Artificial...ORGANIZATION: 1-67 AR A/1-67 AR (M1A2) B/1-67 AR (M1A2) C/2-41 IN ( M2A3 ) D/2-41 IN ( M2A3 ) 1. (U) SITUATION 1.A. (U) Enemy forces. 1.A.1. (U...Priority of Maintenance in the Battalion during this operation is M1A2’s, M2A3 ’s, STRYKERs, BFIST, then light tracks and wheels. 4.A.1. BEFORE

Artificial Intelligent Platform as Decision Tool for Asset Management, Operations and Maintenance.

PubMed

2018-01-04

An Artificial Intelligence (AI) system has been developed and implemented for water, wastewater and reuse plants to improve management of sensors, short and long term maintenance plans, asset and investment management plans. It is based on an integrated approach to capture data from different computer systems and files. It adds a layer of intelligence to the data. It serves as a repository of key current and future operations and maintenance conditions that a plant needs have knowledge of. With this information, it is able to simulate the configuration of processes and assets for those conditions to improve or optimize operations, maintenance and asset management, using the IViewOps (Intelligent View of Operations) model. Based on the optimization through model runs, it is able to create output files that can feed data to other systems and inform the staff regarding optimal solutions to the conditions experienced or anticipated in the future.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Education--A Personal View.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richer, Mark H.

1985-01-01

Discusses: how artificial intelligence (AI) can advance education; if the future of software lies in AI; the roots of intelligent computer-assisted instruction; protocol analysis; reactive environments; LOGO programming language; student modeling and coaching; and knowledge-based instructional programs. Numerous examples of AI programs are cited.…

AM: An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Discovery in Mathematics as Heuristic Search

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-07-01

Artificial Intelligence Approach to Discovery in Mathematics as Heuristic Search by Douglas B. Len-t APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED (A...570 AM: An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Discovery in Mathematics as Heuristic Search by Douglas B. Lenat ABSTRACT A program, called "AM", is...While AM’s " approach " to empirical research may be used in other scientific domains, the main limitation (reliance on hindsight) will probably recur

A Computer-Aided Instruction Program for Teaching the TOPS20-MM Facility on the DDN (Defense Data Network)

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Computer Assisted Instruction; Artificial Intelligence 194...while he/she tries to perform given tasks. Means-ends analysis, a classic technique for solving search problems in Artificial Intelligence, has been...he/she tries to perform given tasks. Means-ends analysis, a classic technique for solving search problems in Artificial Intelligence, has been used

How Computers Are Used in the Teaching of Music and Speculations about How Artificial Intelligence Could Be Applied to Radically Improve the Learning of Compositional Skills. CITE Report No. 6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Simon

This paper forms part of a preliminary survey for work on the application of artificial intelligence theories and techniques to the learning of music composition skills. The paper deals with present day applications of computers to the teaching of music and speculations about how artificial intelligence might be used to foster music composition in…

Center for Artificial Intelligence

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-14

builder’s intelligent assistant. The basic approach of IGOR is to integrate the complementary strategies of exploratory and confirmatory data analysis...Recovery: A Model and Experiments," in Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Artifcial Intelligence , Anaheim, CA, July 1991, pp. 801-808. Howe...Lehnert University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAJ (413) 545-1322 Lessei•:s.umass.edu Title: Center for Artificial Intelligence Contract #: N00014-86-K

Maze learning by a hybrid brain-computer system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Zhaohui; Zheng, Nenggan; Zhang, Shaowu; Zheng, Xiaoxiang; Gao, Liqiang; Su, Lijuan

2016-09-01

The combination of biological and artificial intelligence is particularly driven by two major strands of research: one involves the control of mechanical, usually prosthetic, devices by conscious biological subjects, whereas the other involves the control of animal behaviour by stimulating nervous systems electrically or optically. However, to our knowledge, no study has demonstrated that spatial learning in a computer-based system can affect the learning and decision making behaviour of the biological component, namely a rat, when these two types of intelligence are wired together to form a new intelligent entity. Here, we show how rule operations conducted by computing components contribute to a novel hybrid brain-computer system, i.e., ratbots, exhibit superior learning abilities in a maze learning task, even when their vision and whisker sensation were blocked. We anticipate that our study will encourage other researchers to investigate combinations of various rule operations and other artificial intelligence algorithms with the learning and memory processes of organic brains to develop more powerful cyborg intelligence systems. Our results potentially have profound implications for a variety of applications in intelligent systems and neural rehabilitation.

Maze learning by a hybrid brain-computer system.

PubMed

Wu, Zhaohui; Zheng, Nenggan; Zhang, Shaowu; Zheng, Xiaoxiang; Gao, Liqiang; Su, Lijuan

2016-09-13

The combination of biological and artificial intelligence is particularly driven by two major strands of research: one involves the control of mechanical, usually prosthetic, devices by conscious biological subjects, whereas the other involves the control of animal behaviour by stimulating nervous systems electrically or optically. However, to our knowledge, no study has demonstrated that spatial learning in a computer-based system can affect the learning and decision making behaviour of the biological component, namely a rat, when these two types of intelligence are wired together to form a new intelligent entity. Here, we show how rule operations conducted by computing components contribute to a novel hybrid brain-computer system, i.e., ratbots, exhibit superior learning abilities in a maze learning task, even when their vision and whisker sensation were blocked. We anticipate that our study will encourage other researchers to investigate combinations of various rule operations and other artificial intelligence algorithms with the learning and memory processes of organic brains to develop more powerful cyborg intelligence systems. Our results potentially have profound implications for a variety of applications in intelligent systems and neural rehabilitation.

Maze learning by a hybrid brain-computer system

PubMed Central

Wu, Zhaohui; Zheng, Nenggan; Zhang, Shaowu; Zheng, Xiaoxiang; Gao, Liqiang; Su, Lijuan

2016-01-01

The combination of biological and artificial intelligence is particularly driven by two major strands of research: one involves the control of mechanical, usually prosthetic, devices by conscious biological subjects, whereas the other involves the control of animal behaviour by stimulating nervous systems electrically or optically. However, to our knowledge, no study has demonstrated that spatial learning in a computer-based system can affect the learning and decision making behaviour of the biological component, namely a rat, when these two types of intelligence are wired together to form a new intelligent entity. Here, we show how rule operations conducted by computing components contribute to a novel hybrid brain-computer system, i.e., ratbots, exhibit superior learning abilities in a maze learning task, even when their vision and whisker sensation were blocked. We anticipate that our study will encourage other researchers to investigate combinations of various rule operations and other artificial intelligence algorithms with the learning and memory processes of organic brains to develop more powerful cyborg intelligence systems. Our results potentially have profound implications for a variety of applications in intelligent systems and neural rehabilitation. PMID:27619326

HAWK MACH-III Intelligent Maintenance Tutor Design Development Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-01

objective can best be achieved by designing the MACH-IIl to provide augmented hands-on experience in troubleshooting in a setting which will emphasize...artificial intelligence supporting the development activity will focus on development of a strategy for effective and efficient hierarchical simulation of...main components of such a system are the system simulation and problem-solving expertise, the student model, and the tutorial strategies . In the MACH

SCAILET: An intelligent assistant for satellite ground terminal operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shahidi, A. K.; Crapo, J. A.; Schlegelmilch, R. F.; Reinhart, R. C.; Petrik, E. J.; Walters, J. L.; Jones, R. E.

1993-01-01

NASA Lewis Research Center has applied artificial intelligence to an advanced ground terminal. This software application is being deployed as an experimenter interface to the link evaluation terminal (LET) and was named Space Communication Artificial Intelligence for the Link Evaluation Terminal (SCAILET). The high-burst-rate (HBR) LET provides 30-GHz-transmitting and 20-GHz-receiving, 220-Mbps capability for wide band communications technology experiments with the Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS). The HBR-LET terminal consists of seven major subsystems. A minicomputer controls and monitors these subsystems through an IEEE-488 or RS-232 protocol interface. Programming scripts (test procedures defined by design engineers) configure the HBR-LET and permit data acquisition. However, the scripts are difficult to use, require a steep learning curve, are cryptic, and are hard to maintain. This discourages experimenters from utilizing the full capabilities of the HBR-LET system. An intelligent assistant module was developed as part of the SCAILET software. The intelligent assistant addresses critical experimenter needs by solving and resolving problems that are encountered during the configuring of the HBR-LET system. The intelligent assistant is a graphical user interface with an expert system running in the background. In order to further assist and familiarize an experimenter, an on-line hypertext documentation module was developed and included in the SCAILET software.

How artificial intelligence tools can be used to assess individual patient risk in cardiovascular disease: problems with the current methods.

PubMed

Grossi, Enzo

2006-05-03

In recent years a number of algorithms for cardiovascular risk assessment has been proposed to the medical community. These algorithms consider a number of variables and express their results as the percentage risk of developing a major fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event in the following 10 to 20 years The author has identified three major pitfalls of these algorithms, linked to the limitation of the classical statistical approach in dealing with this kind of non linear and complex information. The pitfalls are the inability to capture the disease complexity, the inability to capture process dynamics, and the wide confidence interval of individual risk assessment. Artificial Intelligence tools can provide potential advantage in trying to overcome these limitations. The theoretical background and some application examples related to artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic have been reviewed and discussed. The use of predictive algorithms to assess individual absolute risk of cardiovascular future events is currently hampered by methodological and mathematical flaws. The use of newer approaches, such as fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks, linked to artificial intelligence, seems to better address both the challenge of increasing complexity resulting from a correlation between predisposing factors, data on the occurrence of cardiovascular events, and the prediction of future events on an individual level.

Artificial intelligence in diagnosis of obstructive lung disease: current status and future potential.

PubMed

Das, Nilakash; Topalovic, Marko; Janssens, Wim

2018-03-01

The application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases is an exciting phenomenon. Artificial intelligence algorithms work by finding patterns in data obtained from diagnostic tests, which can be used to predict clinical outcomes or to detect obstructive phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to describe the latest trends and to discuss the future potential of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases. Machine learning has been successfully used in automated interpretation of pulmonary function tests for differential diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases. Deep learning models such as convolutional neural network are state-of-the art for obstructive pattern recognition in computed tomography. Machine learning has also been applied in other diagnostic approaches such as forced oscillation test, breath analysis, lung sound analysis and telemedicine with promising results in small-scale studies. Overall, the application of artificial intelligence has produced encouraging results in the diagnosis of obstructive lung diseases. However, large-scale studies are still required to validate current findings and to boost its adoption by the medical community.

Modelling intelligent behavior

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, H. S.; Triffet, T.

1993-01-01

An introductory discussion of the related concepts of intelligence and consciousness suggests criteria to be met in the modeling of intelligence and the development of intelligent materials. Methods for the modeling of actual structure and activity of the animal cortex have been found, based on present knowledge of the ionic and cellular constitution of the nervous system. These have led to the development of a realistic neural network model, which has been used to study the formation of memory and the process of learning. An account is given of experiments with simple materials which exhibit almost all properties of biological synapses and suggest the possibility of a new type of computer architecture to implement an advanced type of artificial intelligence.

Predicting the Emplacement of Improvised Explosive Devices: An Innovative Solution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lerner, Warren D.

2013-01-01

In this quantitative correlational study, simulated data were employed to examine artificial-intelligence techniques or, more specifically, artificial neural networks, as they relate to the location prediction of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). An ANN model was developed to predict IED placement, based upon terrain features and objects…

Artificial intelligence-assisted occupational lung disease diagnosis.

PubMed

Harber, P; McCoy, J M; Howard, K; Greer, D; Luo, J

1991-08-01

An artificial intelligence expert-based system for facilitating the clinical recognition of occupational and environmental factors in lung disease has been developed in a pilot fashion. It utilizes a knowledge representation scheme to capture relevant clinical knowledge into structures about specific objects (jobs, diseases, etc) and pairwise relations between objects. Quantifiers describe both the closeness of association and risk, as well as the degree of belief in the validity of a fact. An independent inference engine utilizes the knowledge, combining likelihoods and uncertainties to achieve estimates of likelihood factors for specific paths from work to illness. The system creates a series of "paths," linking work activities to disease outcomes. One path links a single period of work to a single possible disease outcome. In a preliminary trial, the number of "paths" from job to possible disease averaged 18 per subject in a general population and averaged 25 per subject in an asthmatic population. Artificial intelligence methods hold promise in the future to facilitate diagnosis in pulmonary and occupational medicine.

Predicting asthma exacerbations using artificial intelligence.

PubMed

Finkelstein, Joseph; Wood, Jeffrey

2013-01-01

Modern telemonitoring systems identify a serious patient deterioration when it already occurred. It would be much more beneficial if the upcoming clinical deterioration were identified ahead of time even before a patient actually experiences it. The goal of this study was to assess artificial intelligence approaches which potentially can be used in telemonitoring systems for advance prediction of changes in disease severity before they actually occur. The study dataset was based on daily self-reports submitted by 26 adult asthma patients during home telemonitoring consisting of 7001 records. Two classification algorithms were employed for building predictive models: naïve Bayesian classifier and support vector machines. Using a 7-day window, a support vector machine was able to predict asthma exacerbation to occur on the day 8 with the accuracy of 0.80, sensitivity of 0.84 and specificity of 0.80. Our study showed that methods of artificial intelligence have significant potential in developing individualized decision support for chronic disease telemonitoring systems.

Artificial Intelligence Application in Power Generation Industry: Initial considerations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ismail, Rahmat Izaizi B.; Ismail Alnaimi, Firas B.; AL-Qrimli, Haidar F.

2016-03-01

With increased competitiveness in power generation industries, more resources are directed in optimizing plant operation, including fault detection and diagnosis. One of the most powerful tools in faults detection and diagnosis is artificial intelligence (AI). Faults should be detected early so correct mitigation measures can be taken, whilst false alarms should be eschewed to avoid unnecessary interruption and downtime. For the last few decades there has been major interest towards intelligent condition monitoring system (ICMS) application in power plant especially with AI development particularly in artificial neural network (ANN). ANN is based on quite simple principles, but takes advantage of their mathematical nature, non-linear iteration to demonstrate powerful problem solving ability. With massive possibility and room for improvement in AI, the inspiration for researching them are apparent, and literally, hundreds of papers have been published, discussing the findings of hybrid AI for condition monitoring purposes. In this paper, the studies of ANN and genetic algorithm (GA) application will be presented.

Prediction of pork loin quality using online computer vision system and artificial intelligence model.

PubMed

Sun, Xin; Young, Jennifer; Liu, Jeng-Hung; Newman, David

2018-06-01

The objective of this project was to develop a computer vision system (CVS) for objective measurement of pork loin under industry speed requirement. Color images of pork loin samples were acquired using a CVS. Subjective color and marbling scores were determined according to the National Pork Board standards by a trained evaluator. Instrument color measurement and crude fat percentage were used as control measurements. Image features (18 color features; 1 marbling feature; 88 texture features) were extracted from whole pork loin color images. Artificial intelligence prediction model (support vector machine) was established for pork color and marbling quality grades. The results showed that CVS with support vector machine modeling reached the highest prediction accuracy of 92.5% for measured pork color score and 75.0% for measured pork marbling score. This research shows that the proposed artificial intelligence prediction model with CVS can provide an effective tool for predicting color and marbling in the pork industry at online speeds. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Integrated human-machine intelligence in space systems.

PubMed

Boy, G A

1992-07-01

This paper presents an artificial intelligence approach to integrated human-machine intelligence in space systems. It discusses the motivations for Intelligent Assistant Systems in both nominal and abnormal situations. The problem of constructing procedures is shown to be a very critical issue. In particular, keeping procedural experience in both design and operation is critical. We suggest what artificial intelligence can offer in this direction. Some crucial problems induced by this approach are discussed in detail. Finally, we analyze the various roles that would be shared by both astronauts, ground operators, and the intelligent assistant system.

Rapid prototyping facility for flight research in artificial-intelligence-based flight systems concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duke, E. L.; Regenie, V. A.; Deets, D. A.

1986-01-01

The Dryden Flight Research Facility of the NASA Ames Research Facility of the NASA Ames Research Center is developing a rapid prototyping facility for flight research in flight systems concepts that are based on artificial intelligence (AI). The facility will include real-time high-fidelity aircraft simulators, conventional and symbolic processors, and a high-performance research aircraft specially modified to accept commands from the ground-based AI computers. This facility is being developed as part of the NASA-DARPA automated wingman program. This document discusses the need for flight research and for a national flight research facility for the rapid prototyping of AI-based avionics systems and the NASA response to those needs.

Artificial intelligence: the clinician of the future.

PubMed

Gallagher, S M

2001-09-01

Human beings have long been fascinated with the idea of artificial intelligence. This fascination is fueled by popular films such as Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey and Stephen Spielberg's recent film, AI. However intriguing artificial intelligence may be, Hubert and Spencer Dreyfus contend that qualities exist that are uniquely human--the qualities thought to be inaccessible to the computer "mind." Patricia Benner further investigated the qualities that guide clinicians in making decisions and assessments that are not entirely evidence-based or grounded in scientific data. Perhaps it is the intuitive nature of the human being that separates us from the machine. The state of artificial intelligence is described herein, along with a discussion of computerized clinical decision-making and the role of the human being in these decisions.

Possible Conflicts, ARRs, and Conflicts

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-04

Fourteenth European Conference on Artificial Intelligence Inteligencia Artificial , 41-53, (2001). (ECAI 2000), pp. 136-140, Berlin, Germany, (2000). [31] B...introduced), or proach to model-based diagnosis within the Artificial Intelligence backward (when a discrepancy is found, such as in CAEN [2, 21], community... Artificial Intelli- Relations (ARRs for short), for fault detection and localization [34]. gence community (usually known as DX). It is a research

Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Harold O.; Burford, Anna Marie

1990-01-01

Delineates artificial intelligence/expert systems (AI/ES) concepts; provides an exposition of some business application areas; relates progress; and creates an awareness of the benefits, limitations, and reservations of AI/ES. (Author)

The Hospital of the Future. Megatrends, Driving Forces, Barriers to Implementation, Overarching Perspectives, Major Trends into the Future, Implications for TATRC And Specific Recommendations for Action

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

Healthcare Systems Will Be Those That Work With Data/Info In New Ways • Artificial Intelligence Will Come to the Fore o Effectively Acquire...Education • Artificial Intelligence Will Assist in o History and Physical Examination o Imaging Selection via algorithms o Test Selection via algorithms...medical language into a simulation model based upon artificial intelligence , and • the content verification and validation of the cognitive

Applications of artificial intelligence V; Proceedings of the Meeting, Orlando, FL, May 18-20, 1987

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilmore, John F. (Editor)

1987-01-01

The papers contained in this volume focus on current trends in applications of artificial intelligence. Topics discussed include expert systems, image understanding, artificial intelligence tools, knowledge-based systems, heuristic systems, manufacturing applications, and image analysis. Papers are presented on expert system issues in automated, autonomous space vehicle rendezvous; traditional versus rule-based programming techniques; applications to the control of optional flight information; methodology for evaluating knowledge-based systems; and real-time advisory system for airborne early warning.

Color regeneration from reflective color sensor using an artificial intelligent technique.

PubMed

Saracoglu, Ömer Galip; Altural, Hayriye

2010-01-01

A low-cost optical sensor based on reflective color sensing is presented. Artificial neural network models are used to improve the color regeneration from the sensor signals. Analog voltages of the sensor are successfully converted to RGB colors. The artificial intelligent models presented in this work enable color regeneration from analog outputs of the color sensor. Besides, inverse modeling supported by an intelligent technique enables the sensor probe for use of a colorimetric sensor that relates color changes to analog voltages.

Challenges facing the distribution of an artificial-intelligence-based system for nursing.

PubMed

Evans, S

1985-04-01

The marketing and successful distribution of artificial-intelligence-based decision-support systems for nursing face special barriers and challenges. Issues that must be confronted arise particularly from the present culture of the nursing profession as well as the typical organizational structures in which nurses predominantly work. Generalizations in the literature based on the limited experience of physician-oriented artificial intelligence applications (predominantly in diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment) must be modified for applicability to other health professions.

AAAIC '88 - Aerospace Applications of Artificial Intelligence; Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference, Dayton, OH, Oct. 25-27, 1988. Volumes 1 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, J.R.; Netrologic, Inc., San Diego, CA)

1988-01-01

Topics presented include integrating neural networks and expert systems, neural networks and signal processing, machine learning, cognition and avionics applications, artificial intelligence and man-machine interface issues, real time expert systems, artificial intelligence, and engineering applications. Also considered are advanced problem solving techniques, combinational optimization for scheduling and resource control, data fusion/sensor fusion, back propagation with momentum, shared weights and recurrency, automatic target recognition, cybernetics, optical neural networks.

Artificial Intelligence and Spacecraft Power Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dugel-Whitehead, Norma R.

1997-01-01

This talk will present the work which has been done at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center involving the use of Artificial Intelligence to control the power system in a spacecraft. The presentation will include a brief history of power system automation, and some basic definitions of the types of artificial intelligence which have been investigated at MSFC for power system automation. A video tape of one of our autonomous power systems using co-operating expert systems, and advanced hardware will be presented.

Logic Programming in LISP.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

THIS PAGZ(Whan Doee Es tMord) Item 20 (Cont’d) ------ work in the area of artificial intelligence and those used in general program development into a...Controlling Gfile) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of tis report) Same .,/ UNCLASSIFIED 13d. DECLASSIFICATION/ DOWN GRADING ..- ". .--- /A!CHEDULEI t I IS...logic programming with LISP for implementing intelligent data base query systems. Continued developments will allow for enhancements to be made to the

Technical Assessment: Autonomy

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-01

and video games . If DoD develops CONOPS for lower- performance systems, there is an opportunity to leverage a large amount of private investment, as the...originally designed for the Xbox video game platform, it is now being used or developed for retail environments, operating rooms, and physical therapy...approaches that render artificial intelligence less susceptible to intelligent influence. One area worthy of consideration is applied game theory, which

Parallel Algorithms for Computer Vision.

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

34 IEEE Tran. Pattern Ankyaij and Ma- Artifcial Intelligence , Tokyo, 1979. chine Intelligence , 6, 1984. Kirkpatrick, S., C.D. Gelatt, Jr. and M.P. Vecchi...MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB T P06010 JAN 89 ETL-0529 UNCLASSIFIED DACA76-85-C-0010 F.’G 12/1I N mommiimmmiiso...PoggioI Massachusetts Institute of Technology i Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 545 Technology Square Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 DTIC January

Worldwide Intelligent Systems: Approaches to Telecommunications and Network Management. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Volume 24.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liebowitz, Jay, Ed.; Prerau, David S., Ed.

This is an international collection of 12 papers addressing artificial intelligence (AI) and knowledge technology applications in telecommunications and network management. It covers the latest and emerging AI technologies as applied to the telecommunications field. The papers are: "The Potential for Knowledge Technology in…

Detection of drugs and explosives using neutron computerized tomography and artificial intelligence techniques.

PubMed

Ferreira, F J O; Crispim, V R; Silva, A X

2010-06-01

In this study the development of a methodology to detect illicit drugs and plastic explosives is described with the objective of being applied in the realm of public security. For this end, non-destructive assay with neutrons was used and the technique applied was the real time neutron radiography together with computerized tomography. The system is endowed with automatic responses based upon the application of an artificial intelligence technique. In previous tests using real samples, the system proved capable of identifying 97% of the inspected materials. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Artificial intelligence and expert systems in-flight software testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Demasie, M. P.; Muratore, J. F.

1991-01-01

The authors discuss the introduction of advanced information systems technologies such as artificial intelligence, expert systems, and advanced human-computer interfaces directly into Space Shuttle software engineering. The reconfiguration automation project (RAP) was initiated to coordinate this move towards 1990s software technology. The idea behind RAP is to automate several phases of the flight software testing procedure and to introduce AI and ES into space shuttle flight software testing. In the first phase of RAP, conventional tools to automate regression testing have already been developed or acquired. There are currently three tools in use.

Training the Body: The Potential of AIED to Support Personalized Motor Skills Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santos, Olga C.

2016-01-01

This paper argues that the research field of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) can benefit from integrating recent technological advances (e.g., wearable devices, big data processing, 3D modelling, 3D printing, ambient intelligence) and design methodologies, such as TORMES, when developing systems that address the psychomotor learning…

A Paradigmatic Example of an Artificially Intelligent Instructional System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, John Seely; Burton, Richard R.

This paper describes the philosophy of intelligent instructional systems and presents an example of one such system in the domain of manipulative mathematics--BLOCKS. The notion of BLOCKS as a paradigmatic system is explicated from both the system development and educational viewpoints. From a developmental point of view, the modular design of…

AI Based Personal Learning Environments: Directions for Long Term Research. AI Memo 384.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Ira P.; Miller, Mark L.

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to the design of personal learning environments is an enterprise of both theoretical and practical interest. In the short term, the process of developing and testing intelligent tutoring programs serves as a new experimental vehicle for exploring alternative cognitive and pedagogical…

An advanced artificial intelligence tool for menu design.

PubMed

Khan, Abdus Salam; Hoffmann, Achim

2003-01-01

The computer-assisted menu design still remains a difficult task. Usually knowledge that aids in menu design by a computer is hard-coded and because of that a computerised menu planner cannot handle the menu design problem for an unanticipated client. To address this problem we developed a menu design tool, MIKAS (menu construction using incremental knowledge acquisition system), an artificial intelligence system that allows the incremental development of a knowledge-base for menu design. We allow an incremental knowledge acquisition process in which the expert is only required to provide hints to the system in the context of actual problem instances during menu design using menus stored in a so-called Case Base. Our system incorporates Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), an Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique developed to mimic human problem solving behaviour. Ripple Down Rules (RDR) are a proven technique for the acquisition of classification knowledge from expert directly while they are using the system, which complement CBR in a very fruitful way. This combination allows the incremental improvement of the menu design system while it is already in routine use. We believe MIKAS allows better dietary practice by leveraging a dietitian's skills and expertise. As such MIKAS has the potential to be helpful for any institution where dietary advice is practised.

SCAILET - An intelligent assistant for satellite ground terminal operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shahidi, A. K.; Crapo, J. A.; Schlegelmilch, R. F.; Reinhart, R. C.; Petrik, E. J.; Walters, J. L.; Jones, R. E.

1992-01-01

Space communication artificial intelligence for the link evaluation terminal (SCAILET) is an experimenter interface to the link evaluation terminal (LET) developed by NASA through the application of artificial intelligence to an advanced ground terminal. The high-burst-rate (HBR) LET provides the required capabilities for wideband communications experiments with the advanced communications technology satellite (ACTS). The HBR-LET terminal consists of seven major subsystems and is controlled and monitored by a minicomputer through an IEEE-488 or RS-232 interface. Programming scripts configure HBR-LET and allow data acquisition but are difficult to use and therefore the full capabilities of the system are not utilized. An intelligent assistant module was developed as part of the SCAILET module and solves problems encountered during configuration of the HBR-LET system. This assistant is a graphical interface with an expert system running in the background and allows users to configure instrumentation, program sequences and reference documentation. The simplicity of use makes SCAILET a superior interface to the ASCII terminal and continuous monitoring allows nearly flawless configuration and execution of HBR-LET experiments.

Training + Technology: The Future Is Now.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heathman, Dena J.; Kleiner, Brian H.

1991-01-01

New applications of computer-assisted training being developed include telecommunications, artificial intelligence, soft skills training, and performance support systems. Barriers to acceptance are development time, costs, and lack of human contact. (SK)

Overview of error-tolerant cockpit research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abbott, Kathy

1990-01-01

The objectives of research in intelligent cockpit aids and intelligent error-tolerant systems are stated. In intelligent cockpit aids research, the objective is to provide increased aid and support to the flight crew of civil transport aircraft through the use of artificial intelligence techniques combined with traditional automation. In intelligent error-tolerant systems, the objective is to develop and evaluate cockpit systems that provide flight crews with safe and effective ways and means to manage aircraft systems, plan and replan flights, and respond to contingencies. A subsystems fault management functional diagram is given. All information is in viewgraph form.

Arguing Artificially: A Rhetorical Analysis of the Debates That Have Shaped Cognitive Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibson, Keith

2003-01-01

Attempts a rhetorical analysis of the history of artificial intelligence research. Responds to scholarly needs in three areas: the rhetorical nature of science, the social construction of science knowledge, and the rhetorical strategies used in artificial intelligence (AI). Suggests that this work can help rhetoricians more accurately describe the…

Progress towards autonomous, intelligent systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lum, Henry; Heer, Ewald

1987-01-01

An aggressive program has been initiated to develop, integrate, and implement autonomous systems technologies starting with today's expert systems and evolving to autonomous, intelligent systems by the end of the 1990s. This program includes core technology developments and demonstration projects for technology evaluation and validation. This paper discusses key operational frameworks in the content of systems autonomy applications and then identifies major technological challenges, primarily in artificial intelligence areas. Program content and progress made towards critical technologies and demonstrations that have been initiated to achieve the required future capabilities in the year 2000 era are discussed.

Guidance for human interface with artificial intelligence systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Potter, Scott S.; Woods, David D.

1991-01-01

The beginning of a research effort to collect and integrate existing research findings about how to combine computer power and people is discussed, including problems and pitfalls as well as desirable features. The goal of the research is to develop guidance for the design of human interfaces with intelligent systems. Fault management tasks in NASA domains are the focus of the investigation. Research is being conducted to support the development of guidance for designers that will enable them to make human interface considerations into account during the creation of intelligent systems.

Facts and fiction of learning systems. [decision making intelligent control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Saridis, G. N.

1975-01-01

The methodology that will provide the updated precision for the hardware control and the advanced decision making and planning in the software control is called learning systems and intelligent control. It was developed theoretically as an alternative for the nonsystematic heuristic approaches of artificial intelligence experiments and the inflexible formulation of modern optimal control methods. Its basic concepts are discussed and some feasibility studies of some practical applications are presented.

Nuclear propulsion control and health monitoring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walter, P. B.; Edwards, R. M.

1993-01-01

An integrated control and health monitoring architecture is being developed for the Pratt & Whitney XNR2000 nuclear rocket. Current work includes further development of the dynamic simulation modeling and the identification and configuration of low level controllers to give desirable performance for the various operating modes and faulted conditions. Artificial intelligence and knowledge processing technologies need to be investigated and applied in the development of an intelligent supervisory controller module for this control architecture.

Nuclear propulsion control and health monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walter, P. B.; Edwards, R. M.

1993-11-01

An integrated control and health monitoring architecture is being developed for the Pratt & Whitney XNR2000 nuclear rocket. Current work includes further development of the dynamic simulation modeling and the identification and configuration of low level controllers to give desirable performance for the various operating modes and faulted conditions. Artificial intelligence and knowledge processing technologies need to be investigated and applied in the development of an intelligent supervisory controller module for this control architecture.

An intelligent ground operator support system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goerlach, Thomas; Ohlendorf, Gerhard; Plassmeier, Frank; Bruege, Uwe

1994-01-01

This paper presents first results of the project 'Technologien fuer die intelligente Kontrolle von Raumfahrzeugen' (TIKON). The TIKON objective was the demonstration of feasibility and profit of the application of artificial intelligence in the space business. For that purpose a prototype system has been developed and implemented for the operation support of the Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT), a scientific spacecraft designed to perform the first all-sky survey with a high-resolution X-ray telescope and to investigate the emission of specific celestial sources. The prototype integrates a scheduler and a diagnosis tool both based on artificial intelligence techniques. The user interface is menu driven and provides synoptic displays for the visualization of the system status. The prototype has been used and tested in parallel to an already existing operational system.

Artificial intelligence: Learning to see and act

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schölkopf, Bernhard

2015-02-01

An artificial-intelligence system uses machine learning from massive training sets to teach itself to play 49 classic computer games, demonstrating that it can adapt to a variety of tasks. See Letter p.529

Bibliography: Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Richard L.

1986-01-01

Annotates reference material on artificial intelligence, mostly at an introductory level, with applications to education and learning. Topics include: (1) programing languages; (2) expert systems; (3) language instruction; (4) tutoring systems; and (5) problem solving and reasoning. (JM)

Simulation as an Engine of Physical Scene Understanding

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-11-05

critical to the origins of intelligence : Researchers in developmental psychology, language, animal cognition, and artificial intelligence (2–6) con- sider...implemented computationally in classic artificial intelligence systems (18–20). However, these systems have not attempted to engage with physical scene un...N00014-09-0124, N00014-07-1-0937, and 1015GNA126; by Qualcomm; and by Intelligence Advanced Research Project Activity Grant D10PC20023. 1. Marr D (1982

Towards Computational Fronesis: Verifying Contextual Appropriateness of Emotions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ptaszynski, Michal; Dybala, Pawel; Mazur, Michal; Rzepka, Rafal; Araki, Kenji; Momouchi, Yoshio

2013-01-01

This paper presents research in Contextual Affect Analysis (CAA) for the need of future application in intelligent agents, such as conversational agents or artificial tutors. The authors propose a new term, Computational Fronesis (CF), to embrace the tasks included in CAA applied to development of conversational agents such as artificial tutors.…

Science of the science, drug discovery and artificial neural networks.

PubMed

Patel, Jigneshkumar

2013-03-01

Drug discovery process many times encounters complex problems, which may be difficult to solve by human intelligence. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are one of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies used for solving such complex problems. ANNs are widely used for primary virtual screening of compounds, quantitative structure activity relationship studies, receptor modeling, formulation development, pharmacokinetics and in all other processes involving complex mathematical modeling. Despite having such advanced technologies and enough understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, expensive, difficult and inefficient process with low rate of new successful therapeutic discovery. In this paper, author has discussed the drug discovery science and ANN from very basic angle, which may be helpful to understand the application of ANN for drug discovery to improve efficiency.

Prediction of Metabolism of Drugs using Artificial Intelligence: How far have we reached?

PubMed

Kumar, Rajnish; Sharma, Anju; Siddiqui, Mohammed Haris; Tiwari, Rajesh Kumar

2016-01-01

Information about drug metabolism is an essential component of drug development. Modeling the drug metabolism requires identification of the involved enzymes, rate and extent of metabolism, the sites of metabolism etc. There has been continuous attempts in the prediction of metabolism of drugs using artificial intelligence in effort to reduce the attrition rate of drug candidates entering to preclinical and clinical trials. Currently, there are number of predictive models available for metabolism using Support vector machines, Artificial neural networks, Bayesian classifiers etc. There is an urgent need to review their progress so far and address the existing challenges in prediction of metabolism. In this attempt, we are presenting the currently available literature models and some of the critical issues regarding prediction of drug metabolism.

"Artificial humans": Psychology and neuroscience perspectives on embodiment and nonverbal communication.

PubMed

Vogeley, Kai; Bente, Gary

2010-01-01

"Artificial humans", so-called "Embodied Conversational Agents" and humanoid robots, are assumed to facilitate human-technology interaction referring to the unique human capacities of interpersonal communication and social information processing. While early research and development in artificial intelligence (AI) focused on processing and production of natural language, the "new AI" has also taken into account the emotional and relational aspects of communication with an emphasis both on understanding and production of nonverbal behavior. This shift in attention in computer science and engineering is reflected in recent developments in psychology and social cognitive neuroscience. This article addresses key challenges which emerge from the goal to equip machines with socio-emotional intelligence and to enable them to interpret subtle nonverbal cues and to respond to social affordances with naturally appearing behavior from both perspectives. In particular, we propose that the creation of credible artificial humans not only defines the ultimate test for our understanding of human communication and social cognition but also provides a unique research tool to improve our knowledge about the underlying psychological processes and neural mechanisms. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Experiments in Knowledge Refinement for a Large Rule-Based System

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-08-01

empirical analysis to refine expert system knowledge bases. Aritificial Intelligence , 22:23-48, 1984. *! ...The Addison- Weslev series in artificial intelligence . Addison-Weslev. Reading, Massachusetts. 1981. Cooke, 1991: ttoger M. Cooke. Experts in...ment for classification systems. Artificial Intelligence , 35:197-226, 1988. 14 Overall, we believe that it will be possible to build a heuristic system

The Potential Role of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salem, Abdel-Badeeh M.

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Education has traditionally a technology-based focus, looking at the ways in which AI can be used in building intelligent educational software. In addition AI can also provide an excellent methodology for learning and reasoning from the human experiences. This paper presents the potential role of AI in…

Computational Foundations of Natural Intelligence

PubMed Central

van Gerven, Marcel

2017-01-01

New developments in AI and neuroscience are revitalizing the quest to understanding natural intelligence, offering insight about how to equip machines with human-like capabilities. This paper reviews some of the computational principles relevant for understanding natural intelligence and, ultimately, achieving strong AI. After reviewing basic principles, a variety of computational modeling approaches is discussed. Subsequently, I concentrate on the use of artificial neural networks as a framework for modeling cognitive processes. This paper ends by outlining some of the challenges that remain to fulfill the promise of machines that show human-like intelligence. PMID:29375355

Demonstration of artificial intelligence technology for transit railcar diagnostics

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

This report will be of interest to railcar maintenance professionals concerned with improving railcar maintenance fault-diagnostic capabilities through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. It documents the results of a demonstration ...

Software Reviews. PC Software for Artificial Intelligence Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Epp, Helmut; And Others

1988-01-01

Contrasts artificial intelligence and conventional programming languages. Reviews Personal Consultant Plus, Smalltalk/V, and Nexpert Object, which are PC-based products inspired by problem-solving paradigms. Provides information on background and operation of each. (RT)

Artificial Intelligence Assists Ultrasonic Inspection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schaefer, Lloyd A.; Willenberg, James D.

1992-01-01

Subtle indications of flaws extracted from ultrasonic waveforms. Ultrasonic-inspection system uses artificial intelligence to help in identification of hidden flaws in electron-beam-welded castings. System involves application of flaw-classification logic to analysis of ultrasonic waveforms.

Modeling and Evaluating Emotions Impact on Cognition

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

Causality and Responsibility Judgment in Multi-Agent Interactions: Extended abstract. 23rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Inteligence ...responsibility judgment in multi-agent interactions." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research v44(1), 223- 273. • Morteza Dehghani, Jonathan Gratch... Artificial Intelligence (AAAI’11). Grant related invited talks: • Keynote speaker, Workshop on Empathic and Emotional Agents at the International

Optical Inference Machines

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-27

de olf nessse end Id e ;-tl Sb ieeI smleo) ,Optical Artificial Intellegence ; Optical inference engines; Optical logic; Optical informationprocessing...common. They arise in areas such as expert systems and other artificial intelligence systems. In recent years, the computer science language PROLOG has...cal processors should in principle be well suited for : I artificial intelligence applications. In recent years, symbolic logic processing. , the

Abstraction and reformulation in artificial intelligence.

PubMed Central

Holte, Robert C.; Choueiry, Berthe Y.

2003-01-01

This paper contributes in two ways to the aims of this special issue on abstraction. The first is to show that there are compelling reasons motivating the use of abstraction in the purely computational realm of artificial intelligence. The second is to contribute to the overall discussion of the nature of abstraction by providing examples of the abstraction processes currently used in artificial intelligence. Although each type of abstraction is specific to a somewhat narrow context, it is hoped that collectively they illustrate the richness and variety of abstraction in its fullest sense. PMID:12903653

Abstraction and reformulation in artificial intelligence.

PubMed

Holte, Robert C; Choueiry, Berthe Y

2003-07-29

This paper contributes in two ways to the aims of this special issue on abstraction. The first is to show that there are compelling reasons motivating the use of abstraction in the purely computational realm of artificial intelligence. The second is to contribute to the overall discussion of the nature of abstraction by providing examples of the abstraction processes currently used in artificial intelligence. Although each type of abstraction is specific to a somewhat narrow context, it is hoped that collectively they illustrate the richness and variety of abstraction in its fullest sense.

AAAI (American Association on Artificial Intelligence) Workshop on AI (Artificial Intelligence) Simulation Held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 11, 1986,

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-01

is then applied in i ABSTRCT : ,.:,.vu knowledge acquisition from those multiple sources for a specific design, for example, an expert system for...67. N 181.1 47.U3 a75 269;9.6 % A. %3 3 Genetic Explanations: For the concept of a genetic explanation (see .d -. above) to apply to the Gaither...Simulation Research Unit (Acock,1985; Baker,1983; Baker,1985). -. MD’,EX srves as an inner shell for apPlying Artificial Intelligence and E:pert System

Integrated Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Disease Diagnostics.

PubMed

Vashistha, Rajat; Chhabra, Deepak; Shukla, Pratyoosh

2018-06-01

Mechanocomputational techniques in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing the interpretations of the crucial information from the medical data and converting it into optimized and organized information for diagnostics. It is possible due to valuable perfection in artificial intelligence, computer aided diagnostics, virtual assistant, robotic surgery, augmented reality and genome editing (based on AI) technologies. Such techniques are serving as the products for diagnosing emerging microbial or non microbial diseases. This article represents a combinatory approach of using such approaches and providing therapeutic solutions towards utilizing these techniques in disease diagnostics.

Artificial intelligence in cardiology.

PubMed

Bonderman, Diana

2017-12-01

Decision-making is complex in modern medicine and should ideally be based on available data, structured knowledge and proper interpretation in the context of an individual patient. Automated algorithms, also termed artificial intelligence that are able to extract meaningful patterns from data collections and build decisions upon identified patterns may be useful assistants in clinical decision-making processes. In this article, artificial intelligence-based studies in clinical cardiology are reviewed. The text also touches on the ethical issues and speculates on the future roles of automated algorithms versus clinicians in cardiology and medicine in general.

Application Of The CSRL Language To The Design Of Diagnostic Expert Systems: The Moodis Experience, A Preliminary Report

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bravos, Angelo; Hill, Howard; Choca, James; Bresolin, Linda B.; Bresolin, Michael J.

1986-03-01

Computer technology is rapidly becoming an inseparable part of many health science specialties. Recently, a new area of computer technology, namely Artificial Intelligence, has been applied toward assisting the medical experts in their diagnostic and therapeutic decision making process. MOODIS is an experimental diagnostic expert system which assists Psychiatry specialists in diagnosing human Mood Disorders, better known as Affective Disorders. Its diagnostic methodology is patterned after MDX, a diagnostic expert system developed at LAIR (Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence Research) of Ohio State University. MOODIS is implemented in CSRL (Conceptual Structures Representation Language) also developed at LAIR. This paper describes MOODIS in terms of conceptualization and requirements, and discusses why the MDX approach and CSRL were chosen.

Representing Learning With Graphical Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buntine, Wray L.; Lum, Henry, Jr. (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

Probabilistic graphical models are being used widely in artificial intelligence, for instance, in diagnosis and expert systems, as a unified qualitative and quantitative framework for representing and reasoning with probabilities and independencies. Their development and use spans several fields including artificial intelligence, decision theory and statistics, and provides an important bridge between these communities. This paper shows by way of example that these models can be extended to machine learning, neural networks and knowledge discovery by representing the notion of a sample on the graphical model. Not only does this allow a flexible variety of learning problems to be represented, it also provides the means for representing the goal of learning and opens the way for the automatic development of learning algorithms from specifications.

A Probabilistic Ontology Development Methodology

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Test, and Evaluation; Acquisition; and Planning and Marketing ," in Handbook of Systems Engineering and Management .: John Wiley & Sons, 2009, pp...Intelligence and knowledge management . However, many real world problems in these disciplines are burdened by incomplete information and other sources...knowledge engineering, Artificial Intelligence and knowledge management . However, many real world problems in these disciplines are burdened by

Bridge: Intelligent Tutoring with Intermediate Representations

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

Research and Development Center and Psychology Department University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA. 15260 The Artificial Intelligence and Psychology...problem never introduces more than one unfamiliar plan. Inteligent Tutoring With Intermediate Representations - Bonar and Cunniigbam 4 You must have a... Inteligent Tutoring With ntermediate Representations - Bonar and Cunningham 7 The requirements are specified at four differcnt levels, corresponding to

Knowledge Based Artificial Augmentation Intelligence Technology: Next Step in Academic Instructional Tools for Distance Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crowe, Dale; LaPierre, Martin; Kebritchi, Mansureh

2017-01-01

With augmented intelligence/knowledge based system (KBS) it is now possible to develop distance learning applications to support both curriculum and administrative tasks. Instructional designers and information technology (IT) professionals are now moving from the programmable systems era that started in the 1950s to the cognitive computing era.…

Intelligent Technologies in Library and Information Service Applications. ASIST Monograph Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lancaster, F. W.; Warner, Amy

The objective of this study was to gain enough familiarity with developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies to be able to advise the information service community on what can be applied today and what one might reasonably expect to be applicable to library and information services in the near future. The emphasis is on…

Exploiting Lexical Regularities in Designing Natural Language Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASKN Artificial Inteligence Laboratory A1A4WR NTumet 0) 545 Technology Square Cambridge, MA 02139 Ln *t- CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND...RO-RI95 922 EXPLOITING LEXICAL REGULARITIES IN DESIGNING NATURAL 1/1 LANGUAGE SYSTENS(U) MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE...oes.ary and ftdou.Ip hr Nl wow" L,2This paper presents the lexical component of the START Question Answering system developed at the MIT Artificial

Computer graphics testbed to simulate and test vision systems for space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheatham, John B.

1991-01-01

Artificial intelligence concepts are applied to robotics. Artificial neural networks, expert systems and laser imaging techniques for autonomous space robots are being studied. A computer graphics laser range finder simulator developed by Wu has been used by Weiland and Norwood to study use of artificial neural networks for path planning and obstacle avoidance. Interest is expressed in applications of CLIPS, NETS, and Fuzzy Control. These applications are applied to robot navigation.

Intelligent tutoring systems for space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luckhardt-Redfield, Carol A.

1990-01-01

Artificial Intelligence has been used in many space applications. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) have only recently been developed for assisting training of space operations and skills. An ITS at Southwest Research Institute is described as an example of an ITS application for space operations, specifically, training console operations at mission control. A distinction is made between critical skills and knowledge versus routine skills. Other ITSs for space are also discussed and future training requirements and potential ITS solutions are described.

How artificial intelligence tools can be used to assess individual patient risk in cardiovascular disease: problems with the current methods

PubMed Central

Grossi, Enzo

2006-01-01

Background In recent years a number of algorithms for cardiovascular risk assessment has been proposed to the medical community. These algorithms consider a number of variables and express their results as the percentage risk of developing a major fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event in the following 10 to 20 years Discussion The author has identified three major pitfalls of these algorithms, linked to the limitation of the classical statistical approach in dealing with this kind of non linear and complex information. The pitfalls are the inability to capture the disease complexity, the inability to capture process dynamics, and the wide confidence interval of individual risk assessment. Artificial Intelligence tools can provide potential advantage in trying to overcome these limitations. The theoretical background and some application examples related to artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic have been reviewed and discussed. Summary The use of predictive algorithms to assess individual absolute risk of cardiovascular future events is currently hampered by methodological and mathematical flaws. The use of newer approaches, such as fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks, linked to artificial intelligence, seems to better address both the challenge of increasing complexity resulting from a correlation between predisposing factors, data on the occurrence of cardiovascular events, and the prediction of future events on an individual level. PMID:16672045

Research into the development of a knowledge acquisition taxonomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fink, Pamela K.; Herren, L. Tandy

1991-01-01

The focus of the research was on the development of a problem solving taxonomy that can support and direct the knowledge engineering process during the development of an intelligent tutoring system. The results of the research are necessarily general. Being only a small initial attempt at a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology, the process has had to be bootstrapped and the results can only provide pointers to further, more formal research designs.

What Artificial Intelligence Is Doing for Training.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirrane, Peter R.; Kirrane, Diane E.

1989-01-01

Discusses the three areas of research and application of artificial intelligence: (1) robotics, (2) natural language processing, and (3) knowledge-based or expert systems. Focuses on what expert systems can do, especially in the area of training. (JOW)

Third Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications, part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denton, Judith S. (Compiler); Freeman, Michael S. (Compiler); Vereen, Mary (Compiler)

1988-01-01

Topics relative to the application of artificial intelligence to space operations are discussed. New technologies for space station automation, design data capture, computer vision, neural nets, automatic programming, and real time applications are discussed.

The coming of age of artificial intelligence in medicine.

PubMed

Patel, Vimla L; Shortliffe, Edward H; Stefanelli, Mario; Szolovits, Peter; Berthold, Michael R; Bellazzi, Riccardo; Abu-Hanna, Ameen

2009-05-01

This paper is based on a panel discussion held at the Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe (AIME) conference in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in July 2007. It had been more than 15 years since Edward Shortliffe gave a talk at AIME in which he characterized artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine as being in its "adolescence" (Shortliffe EH. The adolescence of AI in medicine: will the field come of age in the '90s? Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 1993;5:93-106). In this article, the discussants reflect on medical AI research during the subsequent years and characterize the maturity and influence that has been achieved to date. Participants focus on their personal areas of expertise, ranging from clinical decision-making, reasoning under uncertainty, and knowledge representation to systems integration, translational bioinformatics, and cognitive issues in both the modeling of expertise and the creation of acceptable systems.

Tuberculosis control, and the where and why of artificial intelligence

PubMed Central

Falzon, Dennis; Thomas, Bruce V.; Temesgen, Zelalem; Sadasivan, Lal; Raviglione, Mario

2017-01-01

Countries aiming to reduce their tuberculosis (TB) burden by 2035 to the levels envisaged by the World Health Organization End TB Strategy need to innovate, with approaches such as digital health (electronic and mobile health) in support of patient care, surveillance, programme management, training and communication. Alongside the large-scale roll-out required for such interventions to make a significant impact, products must stay abreast of advancing technology over time. The integration of artificial intelligence into new software promises to make processes more effective and efficient, endowing them with a potential hitherto unimaginable. Users can benefit from artificial intelligence-enabled pattern recognition software for tasks ranging from reading radiographs to adverse event monitoring, sifting through vast datasets to personalise a patient's care plan or to customise training materials. Many experts forecast the imminent transformation of the delivery of healthcare services. We discuss how artificial intelligence and machine learning could revolutionise the management of TB. PMID:28656130

Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology.

PubMed

Johnson, Kipp W; Torres Soto, Jessica; Glicksberg, Benjamin S; Shameer, Khader; Miotto, Riccardo; Ali, Mohsin; Ashley, Euan; Dudley, Joel T

2018-06-12

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are poised to influence nearly every aspect of the human condition, and cardiology is not an exception to this trend. This paper provides a guide for clinicians on relevant aspects of artificial intelligence and machine learning, reviews selected applications of these methods in cardiology to date, and identifies how cardiovascular medicine could incorporate artificial intelligence in the future. In particular, the paper first reviews predictive modeling concepts relevant to cardiology such as feature selection and frequent pitfalls such as improper dichotomization. Second, it discusses common algorithms used in supervised learning and reviews selected applications in cardiology and related disciplines. Third, it describes the advent of deep learning and related methods collectively called unsupervised learning, provides contextual examples both in general medicine and in cardiovascular medicine, and then explains how these methods could be applied to enable precision cardiology and improve patient outcomes. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Coming of Age of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine*

PubMed Central

Patel, Vimla L.; Shortliffe, Edward H.; Stefanelli, Mario; Szolovits, Peter; Berthold, Michael R.; Bellazzi, Riccardo; Abu-Hanna, Ameen

2009-01-01

Summary This paper is based on a panel discussion held at the Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe (AIME) conference in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in July 2007. It had been more than 15 years since Edward Shortliffe gave a talk at AIME in which he characterized artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine as being in its “adolescence” (Shortliffe EH. The adolescence of AI in medicine: Will the field come of age in the ‘90s? Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 1993; 5:93–106). In this article, the discussants reflect on medical AI research during the subsequent years and attempt to characterize the maturity and influence that has been achieved to date. Participants focus on their personal areas of expertise, ranging from clinical decision making, reasoning under uncertainty, and knowledge representation to systems integration, translational bioinformatics, and cognitive issues in both the modeling of expertise and the creation of acceptable systems. PMID:18790621

Tuberculosis control, and the where and why of artificial intelligence.

PubMed

Doshi, Riddhi; Falzon, Dennis; Thomas, Bruce V; Temesgen, Zelalem; Sadasivan, Lal; Migliori, Giovanni Battista; Raviglione, Mario

2017-04-01

Countries aiming to reduce their tuberculosis (TB) burden by 2035 to the levels envisaged by the World Health Organization End TB Strategy need to innovate, with approaches such as digital health (electronic and mobile health) in support of patient care, surveillance, programme management, training and communication. Alongside the large-scale roll-out required for such interventions to make a significant impact, products must stay abreast of advancing technology over time. The integration of artificial intelligence into new software promises to make processes more effective and efficient, endowing them with a potential hitherto unimaginable. Users can benefit from artificial intelligence-enabled pattern recognition software for tasks ranging from reading radiographs to adverse event monitoring, sifting through vast datasets to personalise a patient's care plan or to customise training materials. Many experts forecast the imminent transformation of the delivery of healthcare services. We discuss how artificial intelligence and machine learning could revolutionise the management of TB.

Qualitative and Quantitative Proofs of Security Properties

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

Naples, Italy (September 2012) – Australasian Joint Conference on Artifical Intelligence (December 2012). • Causality, Responsibility, and Blame...realistic solution concept, Proceedings of the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2009), 2009, pp. 153–158. 17. J...Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-12), 2012, pp. 1917-1923. 29. J. Y. Halpern and S. Leung, Weighted sets of probabilities and minimax

Bibliography of Research in Natural Language Generation

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-11-01

on 1397] Barbara J. Gross Focuing and description in Artifcial Intelligence (GWAI-88), Geseke, West natural language dialogues, In Joshi et al. (557...Proceedings of the Fifth Canadian Conference from information in a frame structure. Data and on Artificial Intelligence , pages Ŕ-24, London, Knowledge...generation workshops (IWNLGS, ENLGWS), natural language processing conferences (ANLP, TINLAP, SPEECH), artificial intelligence conferences (AAAI, SCA

High-Level Connectionist Models

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-01

The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio. To appearto Artifcial Life IlL Angeline, P., Saunders, G., Pollack, J. (1993). An evolutionary algorithm...of Robotics and Automation, 2(1):14-23. Brooks, R. A. (1991). Intelligence without representations. Artificial Intelligence , 47:139- 159. Connell, J. H...1990). Minimalist Mobile Robotics: A Colony-style Architecture for an Creature, Volume 5 of Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence . Academic Press

Repairing Learned Knowledge Using Experience

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

34 Artifcial Intelligence Journal, vol. 19, no. 3. Winston, Patrick Henry (1984], Artificial Intelligence , Second Edition, Addison-Wesley. Analogical...process speeds up future problem solving, but the scope of the learni ng- augmented theory remains unchanged. In con- (continued on back) PD D J7 1473...Distribution/ Avaiability Codes Avail and/or .Dist Special MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LABORATORY A.I. Memo No. 1231

Temporal Reasoning and Default Logics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-10-01

Aritificial Intelligence ", Computer Science Research Report, Yale University, forthcoming (1985). . 74 .-, A Axioms for Describing Persistences and Clipping...34Circumscription - A Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning", Artificial Intelligence , vol. 13 (1980), pp. 27-39. [13] McCarthy, John, "Applications of...and P. J. Hayes, "Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence ", in: B. Meltzer and D. Michie (eds.), Machine

Robot Programming.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

Paris, France, June, 1982, 519-530. Latoinbe, J. C. "Equipe Intelligence Artificielle et Robotique: Etat d’avancement des recherches," Laboratoire...8217AD-A127 233 ROBOT PROGRRMMING(U) MASSACHUSETTS INST OFGTECHi/ CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB T LOZANO-PEREZ UNCLASSIFIED DC8 AI-9 N884...NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK Artificial Intelligence Laboratory AREA I WORK UNIT NUMBERS ,. 545 Technology Square Cambridge

Artificial intelligence applications in the intensive care unit.

PubMed

Hanson, C W; Marshall, B E

2001-02-01

To review the history and current applications of artificial intelligence in the intensive care unit. The MEDLINE database, bibliographies of selected articles, and current texts on the subject. The studies that were selected for review used artificial intelligence tools for a variety of intensive care applications, including direct patient care and retrospective database analysis. All literature relevant to the topic was reviewed. Although some of the earliest artificial intelligence (AI) applications were medically oriented, AI has not been widely accepted in medicine. Despite this, patient demographic, clinical, and billing data are increasingly available in an electronic format and therefore susceptible to analysis by intelligent software. Individual AI tools are specifically suited to different tasks, such as waveform analysis or device control. The intensive care environment is particularly suited to the implementation of AI tools because of the wealth of available data and the inherent opportunities for increased efficiency in inpatient care. A variety of new AI tools have become available in recent years that can function as intelligent assistants to clinicians, constantly monitoring electronic data streams for important trends, or adjusting the settings of bedside devices. The integration of these tools into the intensive care unit can be expected to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes.

Methodologic Guide for Evaluating Clinical Performance and Effect of Artificial Intelligence Technology for Medical Diagnosis and Prediction.

PubMed

Park, Seong Ho; Han, Kyunghwa

2018-03-01

The use of artificial intelligence in medicine is currently an issue of great interest, especially with regard to the diagnostic or predictive analysis of medical images. Adoption of an artificial intelligence tool in clinical practice requires careful confirmation of its clinical utility. Herein, the authors explain key methodology points involved in a clinical evaluation of artificial intelligence technology for use in medicine, especially high-dimensional or overparameterized diagnostic or predictive models in which artificial deep neural networks are used, mainly from the standpoints of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics. First, statistical methods for assessing the discrimination and calibration performances of a diagnostic or predictive model are summarized. Next, the effects of disease manifestation spectrum and disease prevalence on the performance results are explained, followed by a discussion of the difference between evaluating the performance with use of internal and external datasets, the importance of using an adequate external dataset obtained from a well-defined clinical cohort to avoid overestimating the clinical performance as a result of overfitting in high-dimensional or overparameterized classification model and spectrum bias, and the essentials for achieving a more robust clinical evaluation. Finally, the authors review the role of clinical trials and observational outcome studies for ultimate clinical verification of diagnostic or predictive artificial intelligence tools through patient outcomes, beyond performance metrics, and how to design such studies. © RSNA, 2018.

Artificial Intelligence Software Engineering (AISE) model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kiss, Peter A.

1990-01-01

The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics has initiated a committee on standards for Artificial Intelligence. Presented are the initial efforts of one of the working groups of that committee. A candidate model is presented for the development life cycle of knowledge based systems (KBSs). The intent is for the model to be used by the aerospace community and eventually be evolved into a standard. The model is rooted in the evolutionary model, borrows from the spiral model, and is embedded in the standard Waterfall model for software development. Its intent is to satisfy the development of both stand-alone and embedded KBSs. The phases of the life cycle are shown and detailed as are the review points that constitute the key milestones throughout the development process. The applicability and strengths of the model are discussed along with areas needing further development and refinement by the aerospace community.

International experience on the use of artificial neural networks in gastroenterology.

PubMed

Grossi, E; Mancini, A; Buscema, M

2007-03-01

In this paper, we reconsider the scientific background for the use of artificial intelligence tools in medicine. A review of some recent significant papers shows that artificial neural networks, the more advanced and effective artificial intelligence technique, can improve the classification accuracy and survival prediction of a number of gastrointestinal diseases. We discuss the 'added value' the use of artificial neural networks-based tools can bring in the field of gastroenterology, both at research and clinical application level, when compared with traditional statistical or clinical-pathological methods.

Behavioral biometrics for verification and recognition of malicious software agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yampolskiy, Roman V.; Govindaraju, Venu

2008-04-01

Homeland security requires technologies capable of positive and reliable identification of humans for law enforcement, government, and commercial applications. As artificially intelligent agents improve in their abilities and become a part of our everyday life, the possibility of using such programs for undermining homeland security increases. Virtual assistants, shopping bots, and game playing programs are used daily by millions of people. We propose applying statistical behavior modeling techniques developed by us for recognition of humans to the identification and verification of intelligent and potentially malicious software agents. Our experimental results demonstrate feasibility of such methods for both artificial agent verification and even for recognition purposes.

Clinical Note Creation, Binning, and Artificial Intelligence

PubMed Central

Deliberato, Rodrigo Octávio; Stone, David J

2017-01-01

The creation of medical notes in software applications poses an intrinsic problem in workflow as the technology inherently intervenes in the processes of collecting and assembling information, as well as the production of a data-driven note that meets both individual and healthcare system requirements. In addition, the note writing applications in currently available electronic health records (EHRs) do not function to support decision making to any substantial degree. We suggest that artificial intelligence (AI) could be utilized to facilitate the workflows of the data collection and assembly processes, as well as to support the development of personalized, yet data-driven assessments and plans. PMID:28778845

Toward a Theory of Representation Design

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-01

understanding. This report describes research done at the Artificial Inteligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for this...AD-A210 885 Technical Report 1128 Toward a Theory of Representation Design Jeffrey Van Baale MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory DTIC ELECTE A... Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 545 Technology Square Cambridge, MA 02139 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 11. REPORT DATE Advanced Research

A Memory-Process Model of Symbolic Assimilation

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-04-01

Systems: Final Report of a Study Group, published for Artificial Intellegence by North-Holland/Amorican...contribution of the methods is answered by evaluating the same program in the context of the field of artificial intelligence. The remainder of the...been widely demonstrated on a diversity of tasks in tha history of artificial intelligence. See [r.71], chapter 2. Given a particular task to be

Supporting Organizational Problem Solving with a Workstation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-07-01

G. [., and Sussman, G. J. AMORD: Explicit Control or Reasoning. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Artificial Intellignece and Programming Languagues...0505 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK Artificial Intelligence Laboratory AREA& WORK UNIT NUMBERS 545...extending ideas from the field of Artificial Intelligence (A), we describ office work as a problem solving activity. A knowledge embedding language called

Developing a new intelligent system for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.

PubMed

Li, Chengye; Hou, Lingxian; Sharma, Bishundat Yanesh; Li, Huaizhong; Chen, ChengShui; Li, Yuping; Zhao, Xuehua; Huang, Hui; Cai, Zhennao; Chen, Huiling

2018-01-01

In countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), clinicians often diagnose tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) by using diagnostic tests, which have not only poor sensitivity, but poor availability as well. The aim of our study is to develop a new artificial intelligence based diagnostic model that is accurate, fast, non-invasive and cost effective to diagnose TPE. It is expected that a tool derived based on the model be installed on simple computer devices (such as smart phones and tablets) and be used by clinicians widely. For this study, data of 140 patients whose clinical signs, routine blood test results, blood biochemistry markers, pleural fluid cell type and count, and pleural fluid biochemical tests' results were prospectively collected into a database. An Artificial intelligence based diagnostic model, which employs moth flame optimization based support vector machine with feature selection (FS-MFO-SVM), is constructed to predict the diagnosis of TPE. The optimal model results in an average of 95% accuracy (ACC), 0.9564 the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 93.35% sensitivity, and 97.57% specificity for FS-MFO-SVM. The proposed artificial intelligence based diagnostic model is found to be highly reliable for diagnosing TPE based on simple clinical signs, blood samples and pleural effusion samples. Therefore, the proposed model can be widely used in clinical practice and further evaluated for use as a substitute of invasive pleural biopsies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Third Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denton, Judith S. (Compiler); Freeman, Michael S. (Compiler); Vereen, Mary (Compiler)

1987-01-01

The application of artificial intelligence to spacecraft and aerospace systems is discussed. Expert systems, robotics, space station automation, fault diagnostics, parallel processing, knowledge representation, scheduling, man-machine interfaces and neural nets are among the topics discussed.

On the Need for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Test and Evaluation Methods for Space Exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scheidt, D. H.; Hibbitts, C. A.; Chen, M. H.; Paxton, L. J.; Bekker, D. L.

2017-02-01

Implementing mature artificial intelligence would create the ability to significantly increase the science return from a mission, while potentially saving costs in mission and instrument operations, and solving currently intractable problems.

Artificial intelligence: Learning to play Go from scratch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Satinder; Okun, Andy; Jackson, Andrew

2017-10-01

An artificial-intelligence program called AlphaGo Zero has mastered the game of Go without any human data or guidance. A computer scientist and two members of the American Go Association discuss the implications. See Article p.354

SHARP: A multi-mission artificial intelligence system for spacecraft telemetry monitoring and diagnosis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawson, Denise L.; James, Mark L.

1989-01-01

The Spacecraft Health Automated Reasoning Prototype (SHARP) is a system designed to demonstrate automated health and status analysis for multi-mission spacecraft and ground data systems operations. Telecommunications link analysis of the Voyager 2 spacecraft is the initial focus for the SHARP system demonstration which will occur during Voyager's encounter with the planet Neptune in August, 1989, in parallel with real time Voyager operations. The SHARP system combines conventional computer science methodologies with artificial intelligence techniques to produce an effective method for detecting and analyzing potential spacecraft and ground systems problems. The system performs real time analysis of spacecraft and other related telemetry, and is also capable of examining data in historical context. A brief introduction is given to the spacecraft and ground systems monitoring process at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The current method of operation for monitoring the Voyager Telecommunications subsystem is described, and the difficulties associated with the existing technology are highlighted. The approach taken in the SHARP system to overcome the current limitations is also described, as well as both the conventional and artificial intelligence solutions developed in SHARP.

Artificial evolution: a new path for artificial intelligence?

PubMed

Husbands, P; Harvey, I; Cliff, D; Miller, G

1997-06-01

Recently there have been a number of proposals for the use of artificial evolution as a radically new approach to the development of control systems for autonomous robots. This paper explains the artificial evolution approach, using work at Sussex to illustrate it. The paper revolves around a case study on the concurrent evolution of control networks and visual sensor morphologies for a mobile robot. Wider intellectual issues surrounding the work are discussed, as is the use of more abstract evolutionary simulations as a new potentially useful tool in theoretical biology.

An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Gears Diagnostics in AUVs

PubMed Central

Marichal, Graciliano Nicolás; Del Castillo, María Lourdes; López, Jesús; Padrón, Isidro; Artés, Mariano

2016-01-01

In this paper, an intelligent scheme for detecting incipient defects in spur gears is presented. In fact, the study has been undertaken to determine these defects in a single propeller system of a small-sized unmanned helicopter. It is important to remark that although the study focused on this particular system, the obtained results could be extended to other systems known as AUVs (Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles), where the usage of polymer gears in the vehicle transmission is frequent. Few studies have been carried out on these kinds of gears. In this paper, an experimental platform has been adapted for the study and several samples have been prepared. Moreover, several vibration signals have been measured and their time-frequency characteristics have been taken as inputs to the diagnostic system. In fact, a diagnostic system based on an artificial intelligence strategy has been devised. Furthermore, techniques based on several paradigms of the Artificial Intelligence (Neural Networks, Fuzzy systems and Genetic Algorithms) have been applied altogether in order to design an efficient fault diagnostic system. A hybrid Genetic Neuro-Fuzzy system has been developed, where it is possible, at the final stage of the learning process, to express the fault diagnostic system as a set of fuzzy rules. Several trials have been carried out and satisfactory results have been achieved. PMID:27077868

An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Gears Diagnostics in AUVs.

PubMed

Marichal, Graciliano Nicolás; Del Castillo, María Lourdes; López, Jesús; Padrón, Isidro; Artés, Mariano

2016-04-12

In this paper, an intelligent scheme for detecting incipient defects in spur gears is presented. In fact, the study has been undertaken to determine these defects in a single propeller system of a small-sized unmanned helicopter. It is important to remark that although the study focused on this particular system, the obtained results could be extended to other systems known as AUVs (Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles), where the usage of polymer gears in the vehicle transmission is frequent. Few studies have been carried out on these kinds of gears. In this paper, an experimental platform has been adapted for the study and several samples have been prepared. Moreover, several vibration signals have been measured and their time-frequency characteristics have been taken as inputs to the diagnostic system. In fact, a diagnostic system based on an artificial intelligence strategy has been devised. Furthermore, techniques based on several paradigms of the Artificial Intelligence (Neural Networks, Fuzzy systems and Genetic Algorithms) have been applied altogether in order to design an efficient fault diagnostic system. A hybrid Genetic Neuro-Fuzzy system has been developed, where it is possible, at the final stage of the learning process, to express the fault diagnostic system as a set of fuzzy rules. Several trials have been carried out and satisfactory results have been achieved.

Space station automation: the role of robotics and artificial intelligence (Invited Paper)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, W. T.; Firschein, O.

1985-12-01

Automation of the space station is necessary to make more effective use of the crew, to carry out repairs that are impractical or dangerous, and to monitor and control the many space station subsystems. Intelligent robotics and expert systems play a strong role in automation, and both disciplines are highly dependent on a common artificial intelligence (Al) technology base. The AI technology base provides the reasoning and planning capabilities needed in robotic tasks, such as perception of the environment and planning a path to a goal, and in expert systems tasks, such as control of subsystems and maintenance of equipment. This paper describes automation concepts for the space station, the specific robotic and expert systems required to attain this automation, and the research and development required. It also presents an evolutionary development plan that leads to fully automatic mobile robots for servicing satellites. Finally, we indicate the sequence of demonstrations and the research and development needed to confirm the automation capabilities. We emphasize that advanced robotics requires AI, and that to advance, AI needs the "real-world" problems provided by robotics.

An Application of Artificial Intelligence to the Implementation of Electronic Commerce

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Srivastava, Anoop Kumar

In this paper, we present an application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to the implementation of Electronic Commerce. We provide a multi autonomous agent based framework. Our agent based architecture leads to flexible design of a spectrum of multiagent system (MAS) by distributing computation and by providing a unified interface to data and programs. Autonomous agents are intelligent enough and provide autonomy, simplicity of communication, computation, and a well developed semantics. The steps of design and implementation are discussed in depth, structure of Electronic Marketplace, an ontology, the agent model, and interaction pattern between agents is given. We have developed mechanisms for coordination between agents using a language, which is called Virtual Enterprise Modeling Language (VEML). VEML is a integration of Java and Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language (KQML). VEML provides application programmers with potential to globally develop different kinds of MAS based on their requirements and applications. We have implemented a multi autonomous agent based system called VE System. We demonstrate efficacy of our system by discussing experimental results and its salient features.

Application of artificial intelligence to pharmacy and medicine.

PubMed

Dasta, J F

1992-04-01

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science dealing with solving problems using symbolic programming. It has evolved into a problem solving science with applications in business, engineering, and health care. One application of AI is expert system development. An expert system consists of a knowledge base and inference engine, coupled with a user interface. A crucial aspect of expert system development is knowledge acquisition and implementing computable ways to solve problems. There have been several expert systems developed in medicine to assist physicians with medical diagnosis. Recently, several programs focusing on drug therapy have been described. They provide guidance on drug interactions, drug therapy monitoring, and drug formulary selection. There are many aspects of pharmacy that AI can have an impact on and the reader is challenged to consider these possibilities because they may some day become a reality in pharmacy.

Evolution of an Intelligent Information Fusion System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, William J.; Cromp, Robert F.

1990-01-01

Consideration is given to the hardware and software needed to manage the enormous amount and complexity of data that the next generation of space-borne sensors will provide. An anthology is presented illustrating the evolution of artificial intelligence, science data processing, and management from the 1960s to the near future. Problems and limitations of technologies, data structures, data standards, and conceptual thinking are addressed. The development of an end-to-end Intelligent Information Fusion System that embodies knowledge of the user's domain-specific goals is proposed.

Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction for Medical Diagnosis

PubMed Central

Clancey, William J.; Shortliffe, Edward H.; Buchanan, Bruce G.

1979-01-01

An intelligent computer-aided instruction (ICAI) program, named GUIDON, has been developed for teaching infectious disease diagnosis.* ICAI programs use artificial intelligence techniques for representing both subject material and teaching strategies. This paper briefly outlines the difference between traditional instructional programs and ICAI. We then illustrate how GUIDON makes contributions in areas important to medical CAI: interacting with the student in a mixed-initiative dialogue (including the problems of feedback and realism), teaching problem-solving strategies, and assembling a computer-based curriculum.

Biologically inspired intelligent robots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Breazeal, Cynthia

2003-07-01

Humans throughout history have always sought to mimic the appearance, mobility, functionality, intelligent operation, and thinking process of biological creatures. This field of biologically inspired technology, having the moniker biomimetics, has evolved from making static copies of human and animals in the form of statues to the emergence of robots that operate with realistic behavior. Imagine a person walking towards you where suddenly you notice something weird about him--he is not real but rather he is a robot. Your reaction would probably be "I can't believe it but this robot looks very real" just as you would react to an artificial flower that is a good imitation. You may even proceed and touch the robot to check if your assessment is correct but, as oppose to the flower case, the robot may be programmed to respond physical and verbally. This science fiction scenario could become a reality as the current trend continues in developing biologically inspired technologies. Technology evolution led to such fields as artificial muscles, artificial intelligence, and artificial vision as well as biomimetic capabilities in materials science, mechanics, electronics, computing science, information technology and many others. This paper will review the state of the art and challenges to biologically-inspired technologies and the role that EAP is expected to play as the technology evolves.

Autonomous and Connected Vehicles: A Law Enforcement Primer

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

CYBERSECURITY FOR AUTOMOBILES Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that are emerging around the globe achieve that classification based on the convergence...Car Works,” October 18, 2011, IEEE Spectrum, http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/ artificial - intelligence /how-google-self-driving-car-works...whereby artificial intelligence acts on behalf of a human, but carries the same life or death consequences.435 States should encourage and engage in

Complexity, Heuristic, and Search Analysis for the Games of Crossings and Epaminondas

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

research in Artifical Intelligence (Section 2.1) and why games are studied (Section 2.2). Section 2.3 discusses how games are played and solved. An...5 2.1 Games in Artificial Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Game Study...Artificial Intelligence UCT Upper Confidence Bounds applied to Trees HUCT Heuristic Guided UCT LOA Lines of Action UCB Upper Confidence Bound RAVE Rapid

Communication and Attitude Revision

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

Conference on Aritificial Intelligence , (1989) 1074- 1079 3. Clark, H., Marshal, C.: Definite reference and mutual knowledge. In Joshi, A., Sag, I.. and...21st Annual Meeting of the ACL (1983) 57-63 9. Konolige, K.: On the relation between default and autoepistemic logic. Artificial Intelligence 35(3...reasoning. Artificial Intelligence 13 (1980) 81-132 16. Richmond Thomason. Accommodation, meaning, and implicature. In Cohen, P., Morgan, J., and

Coordination in Distributed Intelligent Systems Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-13

working in the area of Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) unanimously endorses the idea that coordination - a fundamental paradigm - represents a...using the distributed artificial intelligence paradigm. Section 4 discusses the healthcare applications. On the other hand, Section 5 describes...coordination mechanisms should be used is in the control of swarms of UA Vs (unmanned aerial vehicles). The UAVs are considered in this case as highly mobile

Ethical Implications of an Experiment in Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levinson, Stephen E.

2003-01-01

Revisits the classic debate on whether there can be an artificial creation that behaves and uses language with intelligence and agency. Argues that many moral and spiritual objections to this notion are not grounded either ethically or empirically. (Author/VWL)

A Modular Artificial Intelligence Inference Engine System (MAIS) for support of on orbit experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hancock, Thomas M., III

1994-01-01

This paper describes a Modular Artificial Intelligence Inference Engine System (MAIS) support tool that would provide health and status monitoring, cognitive replanning, analysis and support of on-orbit Space Station, Spacelab experiments and systems.

Role of Artificial Intelligence Techniques (Automatic Classifiers) in Molecular Imaging Modalities in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

PubMed

Cascianelli, Silvia; Scialpi, Michele; Amici, Serena; Forini, Nevio; Minestrini, Matteo; Fravolini, Mario Luca; Sinzinger, Helmut; Schillaci, Orazio; Palumbo, Barbara

2017-01-01

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a very active Computer Science research field aiming to develop systems that mimic human intelligence and is helpful in many human activities, including Medicine. In this review we presented some examples of the exploiting of AI techniques, in particular automatic classifiers such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification Tree (ClT) and ensemble methods like Random Forest (RF), able to analyze findings obtained by positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) scans of patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases, in particular Alzheimer's Disease. We also focused our attention on techniques applied in order to preprocess data and reduce their dimensionality via feature selection or projection in a more representative domain (Principal Component Analysis - PCA - or Partial Least Squares - PLS - are examples of such methods); this is a crucial step while dealing with medical data, since it is necessary to compress patient information and retain only the most useful in order to discriminate subjects into normal and pathological classes. Main literature papers on the application of these techniques to classify patients with neurodegenerative disease extracting data from molecular imaging modalities are reported, showing that the increasing development of computer aided diagnosis systems is very promising to contribute to the diagnostic process.

The Toulmin Argument Model in Artificial Intelligence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verheij, Bart

In 1958, Toulmin published The Uses of Argument. Although this anti-formalistic monograph initially received mixed reviews (see section 2 of [20] for Toulmin’s own recounting of the reception of his book), it has become a classical text on argumentation, and the number of references to the book (when writing these words1 —by a nice numerological coincidence—1958) continues to grow (see [7] and the special issue of Argumentation 2005; Vol. 19, No. 3). Also the field of Artificial Intelligence has discovered Toulmin’s work. Especially four of Toulmin’s themes have found follow-up in Artificial Intelligence.

[Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery].

PubMed

Fujiwara, Takeshi; Kamada, Mayumi; Okuno, Yasushi

2018-04-01

According to the increase of data generated from analytical instruments, application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in medical field is indispensable. In particular, practical application of AI technology is strongly required in "genomic medicine" and "genomic drug discovery" that conduct medical practice and novel drug development based on individual genomic information. In our laboratory, we have been developing a database to integrate genome data and clinical information obtained by clinical genome analysis and a computational support system for clinical interpretation of variants using AI. In addition, with the aim of creating new therapeutic targets in genomic drug discovery, we have been also working on the development of a binding affinity prediction system for mutated proteins and drugs by molecular dynamics simulation using supercomputer "Kei". We also have tackled for problems in a drug virtual screening. Our developed AI technology has successfully generated virtual compound library, and deep learning method has enabled us to predict interaction between compound and target protein.

Modeling river total bed material load discharge using artificial intelligence approaches (based on conceptual inputs)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roushangar, Kiyoumars; Mehrabani, Fatemeh Vojoudi; Shiri, Jalal

2014-06-01

This study presents Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based modeling of total bed material load through developing the accuracy level of the predictions of traditional models. Gene expression programming (GEP) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based models were developed and validated for estimations. Sediment data from Qotur River (Northwestern Iran) were used for developing and validation of the applied techniques. In order to assess the applied techniques in relation to traditional models, stream power-based and shear stress-based physical models were also applied in the studied case. The obtained results reveal that developed AI-based models using minimum number of dominant factors, give more accurate results than the other applied models. Nonetheless, it was revealed that k-fold test is a practical but high-cost technique for complete scanning of applied data and avoiding the over-fitting.

Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium Annual Report 1987. Volume 2, Part B. Discussing, Using, and Recognizing Plans

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

1978. Williams. B.C. Qualitative Analysis of MOS Circuits. Artificial Inteligence . 1984. 24.. Wilson. K. From Association to Structure. Amsterdam:North...D-A208 378 RADC-TR-88-324, Vol II (of nine), Part B Interim Report March 1969 4. NORTHEAST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONSORTIUM ANNUAL REPORT 1987...II (of nine), Part B 6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION Northeast Artificial (ff ’aolicbl

Intelligent Processing Equipment Within the Environmental Protection Agency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greathouse, Daniel G.; Nalesnik, Richard P.

1992-01-01

Protection of the environment and environmental remediation requires the cooperation, at all levels, of government and industry. Intelligent processing equipment, in addition to other artificial intelligence based tools, was used by the Environmental Protection Agency to provide personnel safety and improve the efficiency of those responsible for protection and remediation of the environment. These exploratory efforts demonstrate the feasibility and utility of expanding development and widespread use of these tools. A survey of current intelligent processing equipment applications in the Agency is presented and is followed by a brief discussion of possible uses in the future.

Artificial intelligence: A joint narrative on potential use in pediatric stem and immune cell therapies and regenerative medicine.

PubMed

Sniecinski, Irena; Seghatchian, Jerard

2018-05-09

Artificial Intelligence (AI) reflects the intelligence exhibited by machines and software. It is a highly desirable academic field of many current fields of studies. Leading AI researchers describe the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents". McCarthy invented this term in 1955 and defined it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines". The central goals of AI research are reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. In fact the multidisplinary AI field is considered to be rather interdisciplinary covering numerous number of sciences and professions, including computer science, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and neurosciences. The field was founded on the claim that a central intellectual property of humans, intelligence-the sapience of Homo Sapiens "can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it". This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence. Artificial Intelligence has been the subject of tremendous optimism but has also suffered stunning setbacks. The goal of this narrative is to review the potential use of AI approaches and their integration into pediatric cellular therapies and regenerative medicine. Emphasis is placed on recognition and application of AI techniques in the development of predictive models for personalized treatments with engineered stem cells, immune cells and regenerated tissues in adults and children. These intelligent machines could dissect the whole genome and isolate the immune particularities of individual patient's disease in a matter of minutes and create the treatment that is customized to patient's genetic specificity and immune system capability. AI techniques could be used for optimization of clinical trials of innovative stem cell and gene therapies in pediatric patients by precise planning of treatments, predicting clinical outcomes, simplifying recruitment and retention of patients, learning from input data and applying to new data, thus lowering their complexity and costs. Complementing human intelligence with machine intelligence could have an exponentially high impact on continual progress in many fields of pediatrics. However how long before we could see the real impact still remains the big question. The most pertinent question that remains to be answered therefore, is can AI effectively and accurately predict properties of newer DDR strategies? The goal of this article is to review the use of AI method for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine and emphasize its potential to further the progress in these fields of medicine. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

JPRS Report, East Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-08

34 artificial intelligence," on which we will also rely in the future, but once again, experience has shown that the smallest error in the construction...Western press presents such accidents as the transformation of the advantages of artificial intelligence into tragedies of artificial stupidity...life more tellingly than the recent studies con- cerning the ozone "void" discovered by satellites over the two poles, or the effects of the

LISP on a Reduced-Instruction-Set-Processor,

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

Digital * Press, 1984. 19. Steele, G. L. Jr., and Sussman, G.J. LAMBDA : The Ultimate Imperative. Al Memo 353, MIT, Artificial ,, Inteligence Laboratory...procedure B is No 444, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, August, recursive, if procedure A can be reexecuted before the call 1977. returns. This...the programs Artificial Intelligence Programming. Lawrence Erlbaum use apply and eval, and of these three only frl uses eval Associates, Hillsdale, New

High-Level Vision and Planning Workshop Proceedings

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

Correspondence in Line Drawings of Multiple View-. In Proc. of 8th Intern. Joint Conf. on Artificial intellignece . 1983. [63] Tomiyasu, K. Tutorial...joint U.S.-Israeli workshop on artificial intelligence are provided in this Institute for Defense Analyses document. This document is based on a broad...participants is provided along with applicable references for individual papers. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES Artificial Intelligence; Machine Vision

Efficient Effects-Based Military Planning Final Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-13

using probabilistic infer- ence methods,” in Proc. 8th Annu. Conf. Uncertainty Artificial Intelli - gence (UAI), Stanford, CA. San Mateo, CA: Morgan...Imprecise Probabilities, the 24th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), 2008. 7. Yan Tong and Qiang Ji, Learning Bayesian Networks...Bayesian Networks using Constraints Cassio P. de Campos cassiopc@acm.org Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Galleria 2, Manno 6928

Examination of mitral regurgitation with a goat heart model for the development of intelligent artificial papillary muscle.

PubMed

Shiraishi, Y; Yambe, T; Yoshizawa, M; Hashimoto, H; Yamada, A; Miura, H; Hashem, M; Kitano, T; Shiga, T; Homma, D

2012-01-01

Annuloplasty for functional mitral or tricuspid regurgitation has been made for surgical restoration of valvular diseases. However, these major techniques may sometimes be ineffective because of chamber dilation and valve tethering. We have been developing a sophisticated intelligent artificial papillary muscle (PM) by using an anisotropic shape memory alloy fiber for an alternative surgical reconstruction of the continuity of the mitral structural apparatus and the left ventricular myocardium. This study exhibited the mitral regurgitation with regard to the reduction in the PM tension quantitatively with an originally developed ventricular simulator using isolated goat hearts for the sophisticated artificial PM. Aortic and mitral valves with left ventricular free wall portions of isolated goat hearts (n=9) were secured on the elastic plastic membrane and statically pressurized, which led to valvular leaflet-papillary muscle positional change and central mitral regurgitation. PMs were connected to the load cell, and the relationship between the tension of regurgitation and PM tension were measured. Then we connected the left ventricular specimen model to our hydraulic ventricular simulator and achieved hemodynamic simulation with the controlled tension of PMs.

Robotics and artificial intelligence across the Atlantic and Pacific

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schlussel, K.

1983-08-01

Attention is given to development efforts outside the U.S. in the fields of robotics and artificial intelligence, including international cooperative efforts, and Japanese, Western European, and Eastern European programs. It is noted that the Japan Industrial Robot Association, together with Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry, are promoting robotics developments through the exchange of specifications data among researchers and the arrangement of interest-free loans. Private research in Japan has concentrated on problems relating to applications, such as increased speed, miniaturization, digital control, weight reduction, and modularization. Western Europe has been comparatively slow in initiating research, but possesses an industry leader in a Swedish firm. The 25th Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union committed itself to the mass production of industrial robots in 1976.

Artificial Intelligence: A Selected Bibliography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Linda C., Comp.

1984-01-01

This 19-item annotated bibliography introducing the literature of artificial intelligence (AI) is arranged by type of material--handbook, books (general interest, textbooks, collected readings), journals and newsletters, and conferences and workshops. The availability of technical reports from AI laboratories at universities and private companies…

Artificial Intelligence in Speech Understanding: Two Applications at C.R.I.N.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carbonell, N.; And Others

1986-01-01

This article explains how techniques of artificial intelligence are applied to expert systems for acoustic-phonetic decoding, phonological interpretation, and multi-knowledge sources for man-machine dialogue implementation. The basic ideas are illustrated with short examples. (Author/JDH)

Artificial Intelligence: Underlying Assumptions and Basic Objectives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cercone, Nick; McCalla, Gordon

1984-01-01

Presents perspectives on methodological assumptions underlying research efforts in artificial intelligence (AI) and charts activities, motivations, methods, and current status of research in each of the major AI subareas: natural language understanding; computer vision; expert systems; search, problem solving, planning; theorem proving and logic…

Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawlor, Joseph

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of scientific inquiry concerned with designing machine systems that can simulate human mental processes. The field draws upon theoretical constructs from a wide variety of disciplines, including mathematics, psychology, linguistics, neurophysiology, computer science, and electronic engineering. Some of the…

Counseling, Artificial Intelligence, and Expert Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Illovsky, Michael E.

1994-01-01

Considers the use of artificial intelligence and expert systems in counseling. Limitations are explored; candidates for counseling versus those for expert systems are discussed; programming considerations are reviewed; and techniques for dealing with rational, nonrational, and irrational thoughts and feelings are described. (Contains 46…

Thinking, Creativity, and Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeSiano, Michael; DeSiano, Salvatore

This document provides an introduction to the relationship between the current knowledge of focused and creative thinking and artificial intelligence. A model for stages of focused and creative thinking gives: problem encounter/setting, preparation, concentration/incubation, clarification/generation and evaluation/judgment. While a computer can…

Using Crowdsourced Geospatial Data to Aid in Nuclear Proliferation Monitoring

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

M. Stephens, and Ronald D. Bonnell, “DAI for Document Retrieval: The MINDS Project,” in Distributed Artificial Intelligence , ed. Michael N. Huhns...Ronald D. Bonnell. “DAI for Document Retrieval: The MINDS Project,” In Distributed Artificial Intelligence , edited by Michael N. Huhns, 249–283...was for the director of National Intelligence to explore ways that crowdsourced geospatial imagery technologies could aid existing governmental

DATA MAYHEM VERSUS NIMBLE INFORMATION: TRANSFORMING HECTIC IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE DATA INTO ACTIONABLE INFORMATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

AU/ACSC/MORALES/AY17 AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE DISTANCE LEARNING AIR UNIVERSITY DATA MAYHEM VERSUS NIMBLE INFORMATION : TRANSFORMING...HECTIC IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE DATA INTO ACTIONABLE INFORMATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS by Luis A. Morales, Major, USAF A Research...finding solutions to compliment and supplement human analysts’ capacity, so intelligence and information can reach operators and end-users at the

List of U.S. Army Research Institute Research and Technical Publications. Fiscal Year 2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-01

performance support systems and computer-generated simulations powered by artificial intelligence , and super-broad bandwidth. We then present a set of...dialogue, Artificial Intelligence SBIR Phase I Report 61 FY 2006 Books and Book Chapters Durlach, P.J., Neuman, J.L., & Bowens, L.D...mediation of the social intelligence -social performance relationship by social knowledge, was supported for three out of five social performance

The Analysis of Nominal Compounds,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

34Phenomenologically plausible parsing" in Proceedings of the 1984 American Association for Aritificial Intelligence Conference, pp. 335-339. 27 Wilensky, R...34December, 1985 - CPTM #8 LJ _DTIC -5ELECTE’ DEC 1 6 198M This series of internal memos describes research in E artificial intelligence conducted under...representational techniques for natural language that have evolved in linguistics and artificial intelligence , it is difficult to find much uniformity in the

Issues in Adaptive Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-30

approach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving, Aritificial Intelligence 2 (1Q71), 18Q- 208. 4. Fikes, R., Hart, P. and Nilsson, N...by emphasizing the structure of knowledge. 1.2. Planning Literature The earliest work in planning in Artificial Intelligence grew out of the work on...References 1. Newell, A., Artificial Intelligence and the concept of mind, in Computer models of thought and language, Schank, R. and Colby, K. (editor

Constraint-Directed Search: A Case Study of Job-Shop Scheduling.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-13

Structures But Were Unable to Represent", Proceedings of the American Association for Aritificial Intelligence , pp. 212-214, Stanford University...under these constraints raises a number of issues of interest to the artificial intelligence community such as: - knowledge representation semantics for...Management Science 15 2.3. Artificial Intelligence 17 2.4. Relationship to Previous Research 21 3. ISIS Modeling System 23 3.1. Introduction 24 3.2. Layer

Living Design Memory: Framework, Implementation, Lessons Learned.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terveen, Loren G.; And Others

1995-01-01

Discusses large-scale software development and describes the development of the Designer Assistant to improve software development effectiveness. Highlights include the knowledge management problem; related work, including artificial intelligence and expert systems, software process modeling research, and other approaches to organizational memory;…

Cognitive Psychology and Mathematical Thinking.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greer, Brian

1981-01-01

This review illustrates aspects of cognitive psychology relevant to the understanding of how people think mathematically. Developments in memory research, artificial intelligence, visually mediated processes, and problem-solving research are discussed. (MP)

Power Grid Maintenance Scheduling Intelligence Arrangement Supporting System Based on Power Flow Forecasting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Chang; Wen, Jing; Liu, Wenying; Wang, Jiaming

With the development of intelligent dispatching, the intelligence level of network control center full-service urgent need to raise. As an important daily work of network control center, the application of maintenance scheduling intelligent arrangement to achieve high-quality and safety operation of power grid is very important. By analyzing the shortages of the traditional maintenance scheduling software, this paper designs a power grid maintenance scheduling intelligence arrangement supporting system based on power flow forecasting, which uses the advanced technologies in maintenance scheduling, such as artificial intelligence, online security checking, intelligent visualization techniques. It implements the online security checking of maintenance scheduling based on power flow forecasting and power flow adjusting based on visualization, in order to make the maintenance scheduling arrangement moreintelligent and visual.

Biomimetics in Intelligent Sensor and Actuator Automation Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruckner, Dietmar; Dietrich, Dietmar; Zucker, Gerhard; Müller, Brit

Intelligent machines are really an old mankind's dream. With increasing technological development, the requirements for intelligent devices also increased. However, up to know, artificial intelligence (AI) lacks solutions to the demands of truly intelligent machines that have no problems to integrate themselves into daily human environments. Current hardware with a processing power of billions of operations per second (but without any model of human-like intelligence) could not substantially contribute to the intelligence of machines when compared with that of the early AI times. There are great results, of course. Machines are able to find the shortest path between far apart cities on the map; algorithms let you find information described only by few key words. But no machine is able to get us a cup of coffee from the kitchen yet.

Artificial intelligence - New tools for aerospace project managers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moja, D. C.

1985-01-01

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is currently being used for business-oriented, money-making applications, such as medical diagnosis, computer system configuration, and geological exploration. The present paper has the objective to assess new AI tools and techniques which will be available to assist aerospace managers in the accomplishment of their tasks. A study conducted by Brown and Cheeseman (1983) indicates that AI will be employed in all traditional management areas, taking into account goal setting, decision making, policy formulation, evaluation, planning, budgeting, auditing, personnel management, training, legal affairs, and procurement. Artificial intelligence/expert systems are discussed, giving attention to the three primary areas concerned with intelligent robots, natural language interfaces, and expert systems. Aspects of information retrieval are also considered along with the decision support system, and expert systems for project planning and scheduling.

A supramolecular biomimetic skin combining a wide spectrum of mechanical properties and multiple sensory capabilities.

PubMed

Lei, Zhouyue; Wu, Peiyi

2018-03-19

Biomimetic skin-like materials, capable of adapting shapes to variable environments and sensing external stimuli, are of great significance in a wide range of applications, including artificial intelligence, soft robotics, and smart wearable devices. However, such highly sophisticated intelligence has been mainly found in natural creatures while rarely realized in artificial materials. Herein, we fabricate a type of biomimetic iontronics to imitate natural skins using supramolecular polyelectrolyte hydrogels. The dynamic viscoelastic networks provide the biomimetic skin with a wide spectrum of mechanical properties, including flexible reconfiguration ability, robust elasticity, extremely large stretchability, autonomous self-healability, and recyclability. Meanwhile, polyelectrolytes' ionic conductivity allows multiple sensory capabilities toward temperature, strain, and stress. This work provides not only insights into dynamic interactions and sensing mechanism of supramolecular iontronics, but may also promote the development of biomimetic skins with sophisticated intelligence similar to natural skins.

Demonstrating artificial intelligence for space systems - Integration and project management issues

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hack, Edmund C.; Difilippo, Denise M.

1990-01-01

As part of its Systems Autonomy Demonstration Project (SADP), NASA has recently demonstrated the Thermal Expert System (TEXSYS). Advanced real-time expert system and human interface technology was successfully developed and integrated with conventional controllers of prototype space hardware to provide intelligent fault detection, isolation, and recovery capability. Many specialized skills were required, and responsibility for the various phases of the project therefore spanned multiple NASA centers, internal departments and contractor organizations. The test environment required communication among many types of hardware and software as well as between many people. The integration, testing, and configuration management tools and methodologies which were applied to the TEXSYS project to assure its safe and successful completion are detailed. The project demonstrated that artificial intelligence technology, including model-based reasoning, is capable of the monitoring and control of a large, complex system in real time.

Finding Creativity in an Artificial Artist

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norton, David; Heath, Derrall; Ventura, Dan

2013-01-01

Creativity is an important component of human intelligence, and imbuing artificially intelligent systems with creativity is an interesting challenge. In particular, it is difficult to quantify (or even qualify) creativity. Recently, it has been suggested that conditions for attributing creativity to a system include: appreciation, imagination, and…

Artificial Intelligence and CALL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Underwood, John H.

The potential application of artificial intelligence (AI) to computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is explored. Two areas of AI that hold particular interest to those who deal with language meaning--knowledge representation and expert systems, and natural-language processing--are described and examples of each are presented. AI contribution…

The Art of Artificial Intelligence. 1. Themes and Case Studies of Knowledge Engineering

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-08-01

in scientific and medical inference illuminate the art of knowledge engineering and its parent science , Artificial Intelligence....The knowledge engineer practices the art of bringing the principles and tools of AI research to bear on difficult applications problems requiring

Systems in Science: Modeling Using Three Artificial Intelligence Concepts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sunal, Cynthia Szymanski; Karr, Charles L.; Smith, Coralee; Sunal, Dennis W.

2003-01-01

Describes an interdisciplinary course focusing on modeling scientific systems. Investigates elementary education majors' applications of three artificial intelligence concepts used in modeling scientific systems before and after the course. Reveals a great increase in understanding of concepts presented but inconsistent application. (Author/KHR)

Database in Artificial Intelligence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkinson, Julia

1986-01-01

Describes a specialist bibliographic database of literature in the field of artificial intelligence created by the Turing Institute (Glasgow, Scotland) using the BRS/Search information retrieval software. The subscription method for end-users--i.e., annual fee entitles user to unlimited access to database, document provision, and printed awareness…

Herbert: A Second Generation Mobile Robot.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

PROJECT. TASK S Artificial Inteligence Laboratory AREA A WORK UNIT NUMBERS ’ ~ 545 Technology Square Cambridge, MA 02139 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME...AD-AI93 632 WMRT: A SECOND GENERTION MOBILE ROWT(U) / MASSACHUSETTS IMST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB R BROOKS ET AL .JAN l8 Al-M...MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LABORATORY A. I. Memo 1016 January, 1988 HERBERT: A SECOND GENERATION MOBILE ROBOT Rodney A

3D Object Recognition: Symmetry and Virtual Views

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONI Artificial Intelligence Laboratory REPORT NUMBER 545 Technology Square AIM 1409 Cambridge... ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LABORATORY and CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL LEARNING A.I. Memo No. 1409 December 1992 C.B.C.L. Paper No. 76 3D Object...research done within the Center for Biological and Computational Learning in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and at the Artificial

Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of low back pain.

PubMed

Mann, N H; Brown, M D

1991-04-01

Computerized methods are used to recognize the characteristics of patient pain drawings. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are compared with expert predictions and traditional statistical classification methods when placing the pain drawings of low back pain patients into one of five clinically significant categories. A discussion is undertaken outlining the differences in these classifiers and the potential benefits of the ANN model as an artificial intelligence technique.

Natural Object Categorization.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-11-01

6-A194 103 NATURAL OBJECT CATEGORIZATION(U) MASSACHUSETTS INST OF 1/3 TECH CAMBRIDGE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB R F DBICK NOY 87 AI-TR-1091 NBSSI4...ORGANI1ZATION NAME AN40 ACORES$ 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK Artificial Inteligence Laboratory AREA A WORK UNIT MUMBERS 545 Technology Square Cambridge...describes research done at the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of

Computers, Nanotechnology and Mind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ekdahl, Bertil

2008-10-01

In 1958, two years after the Dartmouth conference, where the term artificial intelligence was coined, Herbert Simon and Allen Newell asserted the existence of "machines that think, that learn and create." They were further prophesying that the machines' capacity would increase and be on par with the human mind. Now, 50 years later, computers perform many more tasks than one could imagine in the 1950s but, virtually, no computer can do more than could the first digital computer, developed by John von Neumann in the 1940s. Computers still follow algorithms, they do not create them. However, the development of nanotechnology seems to have given rise to new hopes. With nanotechnology two things are supposed to happen. Firstly, due to the small scale it will be possible to construct huge computer memories which are supposed to be the precondition for building an artificial brain, secondly, nanotechnology will make it possible to scan the brain which in turn will make reverse engineering possible; the mind will be decoded by studying the brain. The consequence of such a belief is that the brain is no more than a calculator, i.e., all that the mind can do is in principle the results of arithmetical operations. Computers are equivalent to formal systems which in turn was an answer to an idea by Hilbert that proofs should contain ideal statements for which operations cannot be applied in a contentual way. The advocates of artificial intelligence will place content in a machine that is developed not only to be free of content but also cannot contain content. In this paper I argue that the hope for artificial intelligence is in vain.

The 1990 progress report and future plans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Friedland, Peter; Zweben, Monte; Compton, Michael

1990-01-01

This document describes the progress and plans of the Artificial Intelligence Research Branch (RIA) at ARC in 1990. Activities span a range from basic scientific research to engineering development and to fielded NASA applications, particularly those applications that are enabled by basic research carried out at RIA. Work is conducted in-house and through collaborative partners in academia and industry. Our major focus is on a limited number of research themes with a dual commitment to technical excellence and proven applicability to NASA short, medium, and long-term problems. RIA acts as the Agency's lead organization for research aspects of artificial intelligence, working closely with a second research laboratory at JPL and AI applications groups at all NASA centers.

Rule based artificial intelligence expert system for determination of upper extremity impairment rating.

PubMed

Lim, I; Walkup, R K; Vannier, M W

1993-04-01

Quantitative evaluation of upper extremity impairment, a percentage rating most often determined using a rule based procedure, has been implemented on a personal computer using an artificial intelligence, rule-based expert system (AI system). In this study, the rules given in Chapter 3 of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (Third Edition) were used to develop such an AI system for the Apple Macintosh. The program applies the rules from the Guides in a consistent and systematic fashion. It is faster and less error-prone than the manual method, and the results have a higher degree of precision, since intermediate values are not truncated.

Robotics and artificial intelligence: Jewish ethical perspectives.

PubMed

Rappaport, Z H

2006-01-01

In 16th Century Prague, Rabbi Loew created a Golem, a humanoid made of clay, to protect his community. When the Golem became too dangerous to his surroundings, he was dismantled. This Jewish theme illustrates some of the guiding principles in its approach to the moral dilemmas inherent in future technologies, such as artificial intelligence and robotics. Man is viewed as having received the power to improve upon creation and develop technologies to achieve them, with the proviso that appropriate safeguards are taken. Ethically, not-harming is viewed as taking precedence over promoting good. Jewish ethical thinking approaches these novel technological possibilities with a cautious optimism that mankind will derive their benefits without coming to harm.

Artificial Intelligence In Computational Fluid Dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vogel, Alison Andrews

1991-01-01

Paper compares four first-generation artificial-intelligence (Al) software systems for computational fluid dynamics. Includes: Expert Cooling Fan Design System (EXFAN), PAN AIR Knowledge System (PAKS), grid-adaptation program MITOSIS, and Expert Zonal Grid Generation (EZGrid). Focuses on knowledge-based ("expert") software systems. Analyzes intended tasks, kinds of knowledge possessed, magnitude of effort required to codify knowledge, how quickly constructed, performances, and return on investment. On basis of comparison, concludes Al most successful when applied to well-formulated problems solved by classifying or selecting preenumerated solutions. In contrast, application of Al to poorly understood or poorly formulated problems generally results in long development time and large investment of effort, with no guarantee of success.

Artificial Intelligence and brain.

PubMed

Shapshak, Paul

2018-01-01

From the start, Kurt Godel observed that computer and brain paradigms were considered on a par by researchers and that researchers had misunderstood his theorems. He hailed with displeasure that the brain transcends computers. In this brief article, we point out that Artificial Intelligence (AI) comprises multitudes of human-made methodologies, systems, and languages, and implemented with computer technology. These advances enhance development in the electron and quantum realms. In the biological realm, animal neurons function, also utilizing electron flow, and are products of evolution. Mirror neurons are an important paradigm in neuroscience research. Moreover, the paradigm shift proposed here - 'hall of mirror neurons' - is a potentially further productive research tactic. These concepts further expand AI and brain research.

Enabling Autonomous Space Mission Operations with Artificial Intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frank, Jeremy

2017-01-01

For over 50 years, NASA's crewed missions have been confined to the Earth-Moon system, where speed-of-light communications delays between crew and ground are practically nonexistent. This ground-centered mode of operations, with a large, ground-based support team, is not sustainable for NASAs future human exploration missions to Mars. Future astronauts will need smarter tools employing Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques make decisions without inefficient communication back and forth with ground-based mission control. In this talk we will describe several demonstrations of astronaut decision support tools using AI techniques as a foundation. These demonstrations show that astronauts tasks ranging from living and working to piloting can benefit from AI technology development.

Defense Logistics Standard Systems Functional Requirements.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

Artificial Intelligence - the development of a machine capability to perform functions normally concerned with human intelligence, such as learning , adapting...Basic Data Base Machine Configurations .... ......... D- 18 xx ~ ?f~~~vX PART I: MODELS - DEFENSE LOGISTICS STANDARD SYSTEMS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS...On-line, Interactive Access. Integrating user input and machine output in a dynamic, real-time, give-and- take process is considered the optimum mode

Programming model for distributed intelligent systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sztipanovits, J.; Biegl, C.; Karsai, G.; Bogunovic, N.; Purves, B.; Williams, R.; Christiansen, T.

1988-01-01

A programming model and architecture which was developed for the design and implementation of complex, heterogeneous measurement and control systems is described. The Multigraph Architecture integrates artificial intelligence techniques with conventional software technologies, offers a unified framework for distributed and shared memory based parallel computational models and supports multiple programming paradigms. The system can be implemented on different hardware architectures and can be adapted to strongly different applications.

Application Of Artificial Intelligence To Wind Tunnels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lo, Ching F.; Steinle, Frank W., Jr.

1989-01-01

Report discusses potential use of artificial-intelligence systems to manage wind-tunnel test facilities at Ames Research Center. One of goals of program to obtain experimental data of better quality and otherwise generally increase productivity of facilities. Another goal to increase efficiency and expertise of current personnel and to retain expertise of former personnel. Third goal to increase effectiveness of management through more efficient use of accumulated data. System used to improve schedules of operation and maintenance of tunnels and other equipment, assignment of personnel, distribution of electrical power, and analysis of costs and productivity. Several commercial artificial-intelligence computer programs discussed as possible candidates for use.

Fundamental research in artificial intelligence at NASA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Friedland, Peter

1990-01-01

This paper describes basic research at NASA in the field of artificial intelligence. The work is conducted at the Ames Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, primarily under the auspices of the NASA-wide Artificial Intelligence Program in the Office of Aeronautics, Exploration and Technology. The research is aimed at solving long-term NASA problems in missions operations, spacecraft autonomy, preservation of corporate knowledge about NASA missions and vehicles, and management/analysis of scientific and engineering data. From a scientific point of view, the research is broken into the categories of: planning and scheduling; machine learning; and design of and reasoning about large-scale physical systems.

Humanlike robots: the upcoming revolution in robotics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bar-Cohen, Yoseph

2009-08-01

Humans have always sought to imitate the human appearance, functions and intelligence. Human-like robots, which for many years have been a science fiction, are increasingly becoming an engineering reality resulting from the many advances in biologically inspired technologies. These biomimetic technologies include artificial intelligence, artificial vision and hearing as well as artificial muscles, also known as electroactive polymers (EAP). Robots, such as the vacuum cleaner Rumba and the robotic lawnmower, that don't have human shape, are already finding growing use in homes worldwide. As opposed to other human-made machines and devices, this technology raises also various questions and concerns and they need to be addressed as the technology advances. These include the need to prevent accidents, deliberate harm, or their use in crime. In this paper the state-of-the-art of the ultimate goal of biomimetics, the development of humanlike robots, the potentials and the challenges are reviewed.

Humanlike Robots - The Upcoming Revolution in Robotics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bar-Cohen, Yoseph

2009-01-01

Humans have always sought to imitate the human appearance, functions and intelligence. Human-like robots, which for many years have been a science fiction, are increasingly becoming an engineering reality resulting from the many advances in biologically inspired technologies. These biomimetic technologies include artificial intelligence, artificial vision and hearing as well as artificial muscles, also known as electroactive polymers (EAP). Robots, such as the vacuum cleaner Rumba and the robotic lawnmower, that don't have human shape, are already finding growing use in homes worldwide. As opposed to other human-made machines and devices, this technology raises also various questions and concerns and they need to be addressed as the technology advances. These include the need to prevent accidents, deliberate harm, or their use in crime. In this paper the state-of-the-art of the ultimate goal of biomimetics, the development of humanlike robots, the potentials and the challenges are reviewed.

Artificial intelligence (AI) based tactical guidance for fighter aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcmanus, John W.; Goodrich, Kenneth H.

1990-01-01

A research program investigating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to aid in the development of a Tactical Decision Generator (TDG) for Within Visual Range air combat engagements is discussed. The application of AI programming and problem solving methods in the development and implementation of the Computerized Logic For Air-to-Air Warfare Simulations (CLAWS), a second generation TDG, is presented. The knowledge-based systems used by CLAWS to aid in the tactical decision-making process are outlined in detail, and the results of tests to evaluate the performance of CLAWS versus a baseline TDG developed in FORTRAN to run in real time in the Langley Differential Maneuvering Simulator, are presented. To date, these test results have shown significant performance gains with respect to the TDG baseline in one-versus-one air combat engagements, and the AI-based TDG software has proven to be much easier to modify and maintain than the baseline FORTRAN TDG programs.

Artificial Intelligence Applications to Videodisc Technology

PubMed Central

Vries, John K.; Banks, Gordon; McLinden, Sean; Moossy, John; Brown, Melanie

1985-01-01

Much of medical information is visual in nature. Since it is not easy to describe pictorial information in linguistic terms, it has been difficult to store and retrieve this type of information. Coupling videodisc technology with artificial intelligence programming techniques may provide a means for solving this problem.

Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Computer Simulation: Future Applications in Special Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Gwendolyn B.; And Others

1986-01-01

Describes possible applications of new technologies to special education. Discusses results of a study designed to explore the use of robotics, artificial intelligence, and computer simulations to aid people with handicapping conditions. Presents several scenarios in which specific technological advances may contribute to special education…

ICCE/ICCAI 2000 Full & Short Papers (Artificial Intelligence in Education).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

This document contains the full and short papers on artificial intelligence in education from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction) covering the following topics: a computational model for learners' motivation states in individualized tutoring system; a…

Soar: A Unified Theory of Cognition?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waldrop, M. Mitchell

1988-01-01

Describes an artificial intelligence system known as SOAR that approximates a theory of human cognition. Discusses cognition as problem solving, working memory, long term memory, autonomy and adaptability, and learning from experience as they relate to artificial intelligence generally and to SOAR specifically. Highlights the status of the…

Artificial Intelligence: The Expert Way.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bitter, Gary G.

1989-01-01

Discussion of artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems focuses on their use in education. Characteristics of good expert systems are explained; computer software programs that contain applications of AI are described, highlighting one used to help educators identify learning-disabled students; and the future of AI is discussed. (LRW)

Artificial Intelligence in ADA: Pattern-Directed Processing. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reeker, Larry H.; And Others

To demonstrate to computer programmers that the programming language Ada provides superior facilities for use in artificial intelligence applications, the three papers included in this report investigate the capabilities that exist within Ada for "pattern-directed" programming. The first paper (Larry H. Reeker, Tulane University) is…

Artificial Intelligence Is for Real: Undergraduate Students Should Know about It.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liebowitz, Jay

1988-01-01

Discussion of the possibilities of introducing artificial intelligence (AI) into the undergraduate curriculum highlights the introduction of AI in an introduction to information processing course for business students at George Washington University. Topics discussed include robotics, expert systems prototyping in class, and the interdisciplinary…

Progress in cybernetics and systems research. Vol. XI. Data base design. International Information Systems. Semiotic Systems. Artificial Intelligence. Cybernetics and Philosophy. Special aspects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trappl, R.; Findler, N.V.; Horn, W.

1982-01-01

This book covers current research topics in six areas. These are data base design, international information systems, semiotic systems, artificial intelligence, cybernetics and philosophy, and special aspects of systems research. 1326 references.

Recommendations for the ethical use and design of artificial intelligent care providers.

PubMed

Luxton, David D

2014-09-01

This paper identifies and reviews ethical issues associated with artificial intelligent care providers (AICPs) in mental health care and other helping professions. Specific recommendations are made for the development of ethical codes, guidelines, and the design of AICPs. Current developments in the application of AICPs and associated technologies are reviewed and a foundational overview of applicable ethical principles in mental health care is provided. Emerging ethical issues regarding the use of AICPs are then reviewed in detail. Recommendations for ethical codes and guidelines as well as for the development of semi-autonomous and autonomous AICP systems are described. The benefits of AICPs and implications for the helping professions are discussed in order to weigh the pros and cons of their use. Existing ethics codes and practice guidelines do not presently consider the current or the future use of interactive artificial intelligent agents to assist and to potentially replace mental health care professionals. AICPs present new ethical issues that will have significant ramifications for the mental health care and other helping professions. Primary issues involve the therapeutic relationship, competence, liability, trust, privacy, and patient safety. Many of the same ethical and philosophical considerations are applicable to use and design of AICPs in medicine, nursing, social work, education, and ministry. The ethical and moral aspects regarding the use of AICP systems must be well thought-out today as this will help to guide the use and development of these systems in the future. Topics presented are relevant to end users, AI developers, and researchers, as well as policy makers and regulatory boards. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Artificial intelligence may help in predicting the need for additional surgery after endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer.

PubMed

Ichimasa, Katsuro; Kudo, Shin-Ei; Mori, Yuichi; Misawa, Masashi; Matsudaira, Shingo; Kouyama, Yuta; Baba, Toshiyuki; Hidaka, Eiji; Wakamura, Kunihiko; Hayashi, Takemasa; Kudo, Toyoki; Ishigaki, Tomoyuki; Yagawa, Yusuke; Nakamura, Hiroki; Takeda, Kenichi; Haji, Amyn; Hamatani, Shigeharu; Mori, Kensaku; Ishida, Fumio; Miyachi, Hideyuki

2018-03-01

 Decisions concerning additional surgery after endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) are difficult because preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is problematic. We investigated whether artificial intelligence can predict LNM presence, thus minimizing the need for additional surgery.  Data on 690 consecutive patients with T1 CRCs that were surgically resected in 2001 - 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. We divided patients into two groups according to date: data from 590 patients were used for machine learning for the artificial intelligence model, and the remaining 100 patients were included for model validation. The artificial intelligence model analyzed 45 clinicopathological factors and then predicted positivity or negativity for LNM. Operative specimens were used as the gold standard for the presence of LNM. The artificial intelligence model was validated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for predicting LNM, and comparing these data with those of the American, European, and Japanese guidelines.  Sensitivity was 100 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 72 % to 100 %) in all models. Specificity of the artificial intelligence model and the American, European, and Japanese guidelines was 66 % (95 %CI 56 % to 76 %), 44 % (95 %CI 34 % to 55 %), 0 % (95 %CI 0 % to 3 %), and 0 % (95 %CI 0 % to 3 %), respectively; and accuracy was 69 % (95 %CI 59 % to 78 %), 49 % (95 %CI 39 % to 59 %), 9 % (95 %CI 4 % to 16 %), and 9 % (95 %CI 4 % - 16 %), respectively. The rates of unnecessary additional surgery attributable to misdiagnosing LNM-negative patients as having LNM were: 77 % (95 %CI 62 % to 89 %) for the artificial intelligence model, and 85 % (95 %CI 73 % to 93 %; P  < 0.001), 91 % (95 %CI 84 % to 96 %; P  < 0.001), and 91 % (95 %CI 84 % to 96 %; P  < 0.001) for the American, European, and Japanese guidelines, respectively.  Compared with current guidelines, artificial intelligence significantly reduced unnecessary additional surgery after endoscopic resection of T1 CRC without missing LNM positivity. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Interactive Relationships with Computers in Teaching Reading.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doublier, Rene M.

This study summarizes recent achievements in the expanding development of man/machine communications and reviews current technological hurdles associated with the development of artificial intelligence systems which can generate and recognize human speech patterns. With the development of such systems, one potential application would be the…

An overview of the artificial intelligence and expert systems component of RICIS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feagin, Terry

1987-01-01

Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems are the important component of RICIS (Research Institute and Information Systems) research program. For space applications, a number of problem areas that should be able to make good use of the above tools include: resource allocation and management, control and monitoring, environmental control and life support, power distribution, communications scheduling, orbit and attitude maintenance, redundancy management, intelligent man-machine interfaces and fault detection, isolation and recovery.

Human Factors Issues in the Use of Virtual and Augmented Reality for Military Purposes - USA

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

and provide a means of output, MOVES has built a prototype system and continues research into the artificial intelligence and other factors required...role in any attempt to create automaton warriors. Indeed game-theoretic notions have been utilized in applications of artificial intelligence to...Review Board at the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). AFRL was notified that DIA will sponsor DTNG for Certification and Accreditation. Det 4 is expected

Deductive Synthesis of the Unification Algorithm,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

DEDUCTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE I - UNIFICATION ALGORITHM Zohar Manna Richard Waldinger I F? Computer Science Department Artificial Intelligence Center...theorem proving," Artificial Intelligence Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1-35. Boyer, R. S. and J S. Moore [Jan. 19751, "Proving theorems about LISP...d’Intelligence Artificielle , U.E.R. de Luminy, Universit6 d’ Aix-Marseille II. Green, C. C. [May 1969], "Application of theorem proving to problem

Report on Ada (Trademark) Program Libraries Workshop Held at Monterey, California on November 1-3, 1983,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-11-03

capability. An intelligent library management system will be supported by knowledge-based techniques. In fact, until a formal specification of library...from artificial intelligence and information science 2 might also be useful, for example automatic indexing and cataloging schemes, methods for fast...Artificial Intelligence 5:1045-1058, 1977. [Burstall & Goguen 801 Burstall, R. M., and Goguen, J. A. The Semantics of Clear, a Specification Language. In

Trends and Challenges in Neuroengineering: Toward "Intelligent" Neuroprostheses through Brain-"Brain Inspired Systems" Communication.

PubMed

Vassanelli, Stefano; Mahmud, Mufti

2016-01-01

Future technologies aiming at restoring and enhancing organs function will intimately rely on near-physiological and energy-efficient communication between living and artificial biomimetic systems. Interfacing brain-inspired devices with the real brain is at the forefront of such emerging field, with the term "neurobiohybrids" indicating all those systems where such interaction is established. We argue that achieving a "high-level" communication and functional synergy between natural and artificial neuronal networks in vivo , will allow the development of a heterogeneous world of neurobiohybrids, which will include "living robots" but will also embrace "intelligent" neuroprostheses for augmentation of brain function. The societal and economical impact of intelligent neuroprostheses is likely to be potentially strong, as they will offer novel therapeutic perspectives for a number of diseases, and going beyond classical pharmaceutical schemes. However, they will unavoidably raise fundamental ethical questions on the intermingling between man and machine and more specifically, on how deeply it should be allowed that brain processing is affected by implanted "intelligent" artificial systems. Following this perspective, we provide the reader with insights on ongoing developments and trends in the field of neurobiohybrids. We address the topic also from a "community building" perspective, showing through a quantitative bibliographic analysis, how scientists working on the engineering of brain-inspired devices and brain-machine interfaces are increasing their interactions. We foresee that such trend preludes to a formidable technological and scientific revolution in brain-machine communication and to the opening of new avenues for restoring or even augmenting brain function for therapeutic purposes.

Survey of Intelligent Computer-Aided Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loftin, R. B.; Savely, Robert T.

1992-01-01

Intelligent Computer-Aided Training (ICAT) systems integrate artificial intelligence and simulation technologies to deliver training for complex, procedural tasks in a distributed, workstation-based environment. Such systems embody both the knowledge of how to perform a task and how to train someone to perform that task. This paper briefly reviews the antecedents of ICAT systems and describes the approach to their creation developed at the NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. In addition to the general ICAT architecture, specific ICAT applications that have been or are currently under development are discussed. ICAT systems can offer effective solutions to a number of training problems of interest to the aerospace community.

Autonomous vehicles: from paradigms to technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ionita, Silviu

2017-10-01

Mobility is a basic necessity of contemporary society and it is a key factor in global economic development. The basic requirements for the transport of people and goods are: safety and duration of travel, but also a number of additional criteria are very important: energy saving, pollution, passenger comfort. Due to advances in hardware and software, automation has penetrated massively in transport systems both on infrastructure and on vehicles, but man is still the key element in vehicle driving. However, the classic concept of ‘human-in-the-loop’ in terms of ‘hands on’ in driving the cars is competing aside from the self-driving startups working towards so-called ‘Level 4 autonomy’, which is defined as “a self-driving system that does not requires human intervention in most scenarios”. In this paper, a conceptual synthesis of the autonomous vehicle issue is made in connection with the artificial intelligence paradigm. It presents a classification of the tasks that take place during the driving of the vehicle and its modeling from the perspective of traditional control engineering and artificial intelligence. The issue of autonomous vehicle management is addressed on three levels: navigation, movement in traffic, respectively effective maneuver and vehicle dynamics control. Each level is then described in terms of specific tasks, such as: route selection, planning and reconfiguration, recognition of traffic signs and reaction to signaling and traffic events, as well as control of effective speed, distance and direction. The approach will lead to a better understanding of the way technology is moving when talking about autonomous cars, smart/intelligent cars or intelligent transport systems. Keywords: self-driving vehicle, artificial intelligence, deep learning, intelligent transport systems.

AI Tools Bridge Technology Gap.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rauch-Hindin, Wendy

1985-01-01

This second part of a report on artificial intelligence focuses on the development of expert systems in a variety of applications, from engineering to science, and details expectations for implementation of these systems. (JN)

The Electronic Hermit: Trends in Library Automation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LaRue, James

1988-01-01

Reviews trends in library software development including: (1) microcomputer applications; (2) CD-ROM; (3) desktop publishing; (4) public access microcomputers; (5) artificial intelligence; (6) mainframes and minicomputers; and (7) automated catalogs. (MES)

Automated Test Requirement Document Generation

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-11-01

DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE ", 1984 International Test Conference, 01Oct84, (A3, 3, Cs D3, E2, G2, H2, 13, J6, K) 425...j0O GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS 0 ABBREVIATION DEFINITION AFSATCOM Air Force Satellite Communication Al Artificial Intelligence ASIC Application Specific...In-Test Equipment (BITE) and AI ( Artificial Intelligence) - Expert Systems - need to be fully applied before a completely automated process can be

Reification without Evaluation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

PROJECT. TASK Artificial Inteligence Laboratory AREA & WORK UNIT NuMBERS ’’ 545 Technology Square 0 Cambridge, MA 02139 L $I 1, CONTROLLINO OFFICE NAME...7RD-ft" 28 REIFICRIO WITHOUT EYRURTION(U) rASSACHUSETTS INST OF 1/:LTECH CUZDGE ARTIFICI L INTELLIGENCE LUN R MEN JUN 60 RI-M-946 NM14-5-K-0-0124...themselves. This report, describes research done at, tie Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Support for the

Construction of Optimal-Path Maps for Homogeneous-Cost-Region Path-Planning Problems

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

of Artificial Inteligence , 9%,4. 24. Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt Jr., C. D., and Vecchi, M. P., "Optinization by Sinmulated Ani- nealing", Science, Vol...studied in depth by researchers in such fields as artificial intelligence, robot;cs, and computa- tional geometry. Most methods require homogeneous...the results of the research. 10 U. L SLEVANT RESEARCH A. APPLICABLE CONCEPTS FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1. Search Methods One of the central

Comparison of artificial intelligence methods and empirical equations to estimate daily solar radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mehdizadeh, Saeid; Behmanesh, Javad; Khalili, Keivan

2016-08-01

In the present research, three artificial intelligence methods including Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as well as, 48 empirical equations (10, 12 and 26 equations were temperature-based, sunshine-based and meteorological parameters-based, respectively) were used to estimate daily solar radiation in Kerman, Iran in the period of 1992-2009. To develop the GEP, ANN and ANFIS models, depending on the used empirical equations, various combinations of minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature, mean air temperature, extraterrestrial radiation, actual sunshine duration, maximum possible sunshine duration, sunshine duration ratio, relative humidity and precipitation were considered as inputs in the mentioned intelligent methods. To compare the accuracy of empirical equations and intelligent models, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute relative error (MARE) and determination coefficient (R2) indices were used. The results showed that in general, sunshine-based and meteorological parameters-based scenarios in ANN and ANFIS models presented high accuracy than mentioned empirical equations. Moreover, the most accurate method in the studied region was ANN11 scenario with five inputs. The values of RMSE, MAE, MARE and R2 indices for the mentioned model were 1.850 MJ m-2 day-1, 1.184 MJ m-2 day-1, 9.58% and 0.935, respectively.