Functional Reorganization in the Developing Lexicon: Separable and Changing Influences of Lexical and Phonological Variables on Children's Fast-Mapping

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKean, Cristina; Letts, Carolyn; Howard, David

2013-01-01

Neighbourhood Density (ND) and Phonotactic Probability (PP) influence word learning in children. This influence appears to change over development but the separate developmental trajectories of influence of PP and ND on word learning have not previously been mapped. This study examined the cross-sectional developmental trajectories of influence of…

E-Social Astuteness Skills for ICT-Supported Equitable Prosperity and a Capable Developmental State in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitrovic, Zoran; Taylor, Wallace; Sharif, Mymoena; Claassen, Walter; Wesso, Harold

2013-01-01

Over 350 national and international delegates at the 2nd e-Skills Summit and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Global ICT Forum on Human Capital Development have agreed that the e-skilling agenda in South Africa is making a "profound difference" but still not sufficient to build a capable developmental state. The delegates…

The First Year Inventory: a longitudinal follow-up of 12-month-old to 3-year-old children.

PubMed

Turner-Brown, Lauren M; Baranek, Grace T; Reznick, J Steven; Watson, Linda R; Crais, Elizabeth R

2013-09-01

The First Year Inventory is a parent-report measure designed to identify 12-month-old infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder. First Year Inventory taps behaviors that indicate risk in the developmental domains of sensory-regulatory and social-communication functioning. This longitudinal study is a follow-up of 699 children at 3 years of age from a community sample whose parents completed the First Year Inventory when their children were 12 months old. Parents of all 699 children completed the Social Responsiveness Scale-Preschool version and the Developmental Concerns Questionnaire to determine age 3 developmental outcomes. In addition, children deemed at risk for autism spectrum disorder based on liberal cut points on the First Year Inventory, Social Responsiveness Scale-Preschool, and/or Developmental Concerns Questionnaire were invited for in-person diagnostic evaluations. We found 9 children who had a confirmed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder from the sample of 699. Receiver operating characteristic analyses determined that a two-domain cutoff score yielded optimal classification of children: 31% of those meeting algorithm cutoffs had autism spectrum disorder and 85% had a developmental disability or concern by age 3. These results suggest that the First Year Inventory is a promising tool for identifying 12-month-old infants who are at risk for an eventual diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.

Children with Developmental Language Impairment Have Vocabulary Deficits Characterized by Limited Breadth and Depth

PubMed Central

McGregor, Karla K.; Oleson, Jacob; Bahnsen, Alison; Duff, Dawna

2012-01-01

Background Deficient vocabulary is a frequently reported symptom of developmental language impairment but the nature of the deficit and its developmental course are not well documented. Aims We aimed to describe the nature of the deficit in terms of breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge and to determine whether the nature and the extent of the deficit change over the school years. Methods A total of 25,681 oral definitions produced by 177 children with developmental language impairment (LI) and 325 grade-mates with normally developing language (ND) in grades 2, 4, 8, and 10 were taken from an existing longitudinal database. We analyzed these for breadth by counting the number of words defined correctly and for depth by determining the amount of information in each correct definition. Via a linear mixed model, we determined whether breadth and depth varied with language diagnosis independent of nonverbal IQ, mothers’ education level, race, gender, income and (for depth only) word. Results Children with LI scored significantly lower than children with ND on breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge in all grades. The extent of the deficit did not vary significantly across grades. Language diagnosis was an independent predictor of breadth and depth and as strong a predictor as maternal education. For the LI group, growth in depth relative to breadth was slower than for the ND group. Conclusions Compared to their grade-mates, children with LI have fewer words in their vocabularies and they have shallower knowledge of the words that are in their vocabularies. This deficit persists over developmental time. PMID:23650887

Predicting School Performance with the Early Screening Inventory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meisels, Samuel J.; And Others

1984-01-01

Proposes criteria for defining and selecting preschool developmental screening instruments and describes the Early Screening Inventory (ESI), a developmental screening instrument designed to satisfy these criteria. Presents results of several studies demonstrating that the ESI predicts school performance with moderate to excellent accuracy through…

Fertility in The Netherlands as an expected value process and developmental readiness.

PubMed

Taris, T W

1998-01-01

In this 2-wave panel study, the decision to have children was examined in the context of Feather's (1982) expectancy-value model among a representative sample of 288 childless Dutch adults aged 18-30 years. The effects of 2 indicators of developmental readiness (age and duration of relationship) were also explored. It was expected that (a) the likelihood of having a baby would increase as a function of intentions, evaluations of being childless, and expected rewards of having children and (b) developmental readiness would be positively related to whether respondents had children at the 2nd wave of the study. Structural equation modeling was used. The results largely supported expectations. Developmental readiness affected fertility both directly and indirectly via the expected rewards of having children.

Fine motor skill proficiency in typically developing children: On or off the maturation track?

PubMed

Gaul, David; Issartel, Johann

2016-04-01

Fine motor skill proficiency is an essential component of numerous daily living activities such as dressing, feeding or playing. Poor fine motor skills can lead to difficulties in academic achievement, increased anxiety and poor self-esteem. Recent findings have shown that children's gross motor skill proficiency tends to fall below established developmental norms. A question remains: do fine motor skill proficiency levels also fall below developmental norms? The aim of this study was to examine the current level of fine motor skill in Irish children. Children (N=253) from 2nd, 4th and 6th grades (mean age=7.12, 9.11 and 11.02 respectively) completed the Fine Motor Composite of the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition (BOT-2). Analysis revealed that only 2nd grade children met the expected level of fine motor skill proficiency. It was also found that despite children's raw scores improving with age, children's fine motor skill proficiency was not progressing at the expected rate given by normative data. This leads us to question the role and impact of modern society on fine motor skills development over the past number of decades. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Classification Accuracy of MMPI-2 Validity Scales in the Detection of Pain-Related Malingering: A Known-Groups Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bianchini, Kevin J.; Etherton, Joseph L.; Greve, Kevin W.; Heinly, Matthew T.; Meyers, John E.

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of "Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory" 2nd edition (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) validity indicators in the detection of malingering in clinical patients with chronic pain using a hybrid clinical-known groups/simulator design. The…

Effects of 45-day -6° head-down bed rest on the time-based prospective memory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, SiYi; Zhou, RenLai; Xiu, LiChao; Chen, ShanGuang; Chen, XiaoPing; Tan, Cheng

2013-03-01

The research explored the effects of 45-day -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) simulation of microgravity on the time-based prospective memory (PM) with 16 males. The time-based prospective memory task was performed on the 2nd day before HDBR, on the 11th, 20th, 32nd, and 40th days during HDBR, and on the 8th day after HDBR, and subjects' anxiety and depression feelings were recorded simultaneously using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results demonstrated that it showed decreased accuracy of PM responses and frequency of clock checks during and after bed rest; long term bed rest did not induce significant emotional changes. The deficit of prospective memory performance induced by long term HDBR may result from a lack of aerobic physical activity or changes in the prefrontal cortex, but it remains to be determined.

A Developmental Inventory of Sources of Stress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higbee, Jeanne L.; Dwinell, Patricia L.

The Developmental Inventory of Sources of Stress (DISS) is an instructional tool designed to assist counselors, advisors, and faculty in reducing stress among college students (specifically, high risk college freshmen, although it can be utilized effectively with any college student population). The instrument focuses on sources of stress over…

The Developmental Inventory of Sources of Stress (DISS).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higbee, Jeanne L.; Dwinell, Patricia L.

1992-01-01

Describes the Developmental Inventory of Sources of Stress, an instructional tool to assist counselors, advisors, and faculty working with high-risk first-year students. The DISS helps students understand the sources of stress they can control. Describes the DISS's Time Management, Physical Lifestyle, Chemical Stressors, Academic and Interactive…

78 FR 52518 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

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... resource, accounting, financial and other business functions into a comprehensive management information... notice, T7335b, entitled ``Business Management Redesign (E-BIZ)'' in its existing inventory of record... submitting comments. * Mail: Federal Docket Management System Office, 4800 Mark Center Drive, East Tower, 2nd...

Developmental Changes in the Early Child Lexicon in Mandarin Chinese

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hao, Meiling; Liu, Youyi; Shu, Hua; Xing, Ailing; Jiang, Ying; Li, Ping

2015-01-01

In this paper we report a large-scale developmental study of early productive vocabulary acquisition by 928 Chinese-speaking children aged between 1;0 and 2;6, using the Early Vocabulary Inventory for Mandarin Chinese (Hao, Shu, Xing & Li, 2008). The results show that: (i) social words, especially words for people, are the predominant type of…

Siblings, Parents and Professionals Working Together to Advance Knowledge and Service. Proceedings of the Annual National Seminar Dealing with Siblings of Mentally Retarded and Developmentally Disabled Persons. (2nd, New York, New York, June 11-12, 1984).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schreiber, Meyer S., Ed.

Eleven papers from a June, 1984, seminar on siblings of mentally retarded and developmentally disabled persons are presented. The following papers are included: "An Adult Sibling Network: A Sharing of Experiences" (B. Cohen); "Siblings as Change Agents for Their Brothers and Sisters: Opportunity or Problem?" (G. Wolpert); "Adult Siblings: The…

Developmental Trajectories of Sex-Typed Behavior in Boys and Girls: A Longitudinal General Population Study of Children Aged 2.5-8 Years

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Golombok, Susan; Rust, John; Zervoulis, Karyofyllis; Croudace, Tim; Golding, Jean; Hines, Melissa

2008-01-01

The stability of sex-typed behavior from the preschool to the middle school years was examined. The Preschool Activities Inventory, a measure of within-sex variation in sex-typed behavior, was completed by the primary caregiver when the child was 2.5, 3.5, and 5 years, and a modified version, the Child Activities Inventory, was completed by the…

Diagnostic Utility of the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reel, Kristy H.; Lecavalier, Luc; Butter, Eric; Mulick, James A.

2012-01-01

This study assessed the diagnostic utility of the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory (PDDBI) in a sample of 84 children aged 3-12 years of age. Forty-two children with ASD were individually matched on age and non-verbal IQ to 42 children with other disabilities and groups were compared on PDDBI subscales and total score. Results…

Work Values System Development during Adolescence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porfeli, Erik J.

2007-01-01

Work values stability, change, and development can be appreciably reduced to a living system model [Ford, D. H. (1994). "Humans as self-constructing living systems: A developmental perspective on behavior and personality" (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. This theoretical model includes discrepancy-reducing and…

Effectiveness of Cognitive, Exposure, and Skills Group Manualized Treatments in OIF/OEF Female Veterans

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

Beck depression inventory--2nd Edition Manual . The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M. Mock, J., & Erbaugh...08-2-0022 TITLE: Effectiveness of Cognitive, Exposure, and Skills Group Manualized Treatments in OIF/OEF Female Veterans PRINCIPAL...Approved for public release; distribution unlimited Distribution limited to U.S. Government agencies only; report

78 FR 14273 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

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Development and Initial Validation of the Adolescent Responses to Body Dissatisfaction Measure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maxwell, Melissa A.; Cole, David A.

2012-01-01

One community sample (N = 607) of youths generated self-reported responses to body dissatisfaction, from which the Adolescent Responses to Body Dissatisfaction (ARBD) inventory was constructed. A 2nd, similar sample (N = 830) completed this measure as well as measures of coping, body dissatisfaction, body mass index, depressive symptoms, and…

Race Differences on the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, the Slosson Intelligence Test, and the ABC Inventory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schooler, Douglas L.; Anderson, Robert L.

1979-01-01

Analyzes preschoolers' scores on the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI), the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT), and the ABC Inventory (ABCI). Separate ANOVAs reveal no race effect on the VMI. Race differences favoring Whites are found for SIT and ABCI. There were no effects for sex on any measure. (Author)

The Way Ahead for Human Terrain Teams

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

achievements without ignoring shortcomings. That history can be summarized as a set of sometimes overlap- ping developmental periods. The first period...and Technology Commit- tee , U.S. House of Representatives, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., Hearings on Role of the Social and Behavioral Sciences in National

Job Burnout amongst the Institutional Caregivers Working with Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Utilization of the Chinese Version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Lan-Ping; Lin, Jin-Ding

2013-01-01

Burnout has been considered important to understand the well-being of people who work with individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and developmental disabilities (DD). To identify personal and workplace characteristics associated with burnout, this study aimed to utilize the Chinese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory to provide a…

Use of the new Nitrogen Index tier zero to assess the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on N2O emissions from cropping systems in Mexico

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Mexico is one of the largest users of N fertilizer in the world, and the 2nd largest user in Latin America after Brazil. Across large areas of Mexico, N fertilizers are being over-applied, resulting in lower N use efficiencies. Mexico’s trace gas inventory (in CO2 equivalents) reports that agricultu...

Thinking styles and emotions.

PubMed

Zhang, Li-Fang

2008-09-01

This study aimed to explore the relationship between thinking styles and emotions among university students in Hong Kong. Participants were 99 2nd-year students (23 men and 76 women) who responded to the Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised (TSI-R), based on R. J. Sternberg's (1988) theory of mental self-government, and to the Iowa Managing Emotions Inventory (IMEI), based on A. Chickering's (1969) theory of psychosocial development. Results indicated not only that thinking styles were associated with emotions but also that thinking styles had predictive power for emotions beyond age. The author discusses implications of these findings for faculty members and student-development educators.

An Examination of Principals' Leadership and Its Impact on Early Elementary Grades

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hallissey, Megan

2017-01-01

This exploratory, qualitative multiple-site case study examined principals' expectations of teaching practices and children's learning for early elementary grade levels (K, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd). Specifically, this study investigated principals' understanding of developmentally appropriate practices regarding instructional methods, curriculum…

ESI-R: Early Screening Inventory-Revised. Examiner's Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meisels, Samuel J.; Marsden, Dorothea B.; Wiske, Martha Stone; Henderson, Laura W.

This document includes the Early Screening Inventory: Revised (ESI-R), a developmental screening instrument for 3- to 6-year-olds, and an examiner's manual. The inventory comprises two sample scoring sheets, one for preschool (ages 3-4) and one for kindergarten (ages 4-6), and a parent questionnaire. The inventory is intended to be individually…

Predictors of sense of coherence in typically developing adolescent siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Smith, L O; Elder, J H; Storch, E A; Rowe, M A

2015-01-01

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be a stressor for family members yet there is little published research on the impact of having a child with ASD on their typically developing (TD) adolescent siblings. According to Antonovsky's salutogenic model, a strong sense of coherence leads to the view that the stressor is a manageable challenge rather than a burden and promotes healthier adaptation. This study examines the relationship between stress, TD sibling resources and the sense of coherence in TD siblings. This quantitative mail-based study uses a survey methodology, analysing the responses of TD adolescent siblings (n = 96) of individuals with autism, Asperger's syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified to several rating scales. Adolescent siblings, ages 11 to 18 years, completed the Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experience (ACOPE), Network of Relationship Inventory - Social Provision Version (NRI-SPV), Youth Self Report (YSR), and Sense of Coherence (SOC) instruments; parents completed the Child Autism Rating Scale - 2nd Edition (CARS-2). The salutogenesis model was used to guide and inform this research. Findings suggested the following: (a) the stress of ASD severity and resource of adjustment are related in TD adolescent siblings; (b) TD sibling adjustment has a strong relationship with sense of coherence levels; and (c) a greater number of positive coping strategies buffer TD sibling coherence levels when ASD severity scores are high. ASD severity and TD adolescent sibling resources influence sense of coherence in adolescent TD siblings of individuals with ASD. © 2014 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Expectations of clinical teachers and faculty regarding development of the CanMEDS-Family Medicine competencies: Laval developmental benchmarks scale for family medicine residency training.

PubMed

Lacasse, Miriam; Théorêt, Johanne; Tessier, Sylvie; Arsenault, Louise

2014-01-01

The CanMEDS-Family Medicine (CanMEDS-FM) framework defines the expected terminal enabling competencies (EC) for family medicine (FM) residency training in Canada. However, benchmarks throughout the 2-year program are not yet defined. This study aimed to identify expected time frames for achievement of the CanMEDS-FM competencies during FM residency training and create a developmental benchmarks scale for family medicine residency training. This 2011-2012 study followed a Delphi methodology. Selected faculty and clinical teachers identified, via questionnaire, the expected time of EC achievement from beginning of residency to one year in practice (0, 6, 12, […] 36 months). The 15-85th percentile intervals became the expected competency achievement interval. Content validity of the obtained benchmarks was assessed through a second Delphi round. The 1st and 2nd rounds were completed by 33 and 27 respondents, respectively. A developmental benchmarks scale was designed after the 1st round to illustrate expectations regarding achievement of each EC. The 2nd round (content validation) led to minor adjustments (1.9±2.7 months) of intervals for 44 of the 92 competencies, the others remaining unchanged. The Laval Developmental Benchmarks Scale for Family Medicine clarifies expectations regarding achievement of competencies throughout FM training. In a competency-based education system this now allows identification and management of outlying residents, both those excelling and needing remediation. Further research should focus on assessment of the scale reliability after pilot implementation in family medicine clinical teaching units at Laval University, and corroborate the established timeline in other sites.

Neurobehavioral development in Joubert syndrome.

PubMed

Gitten, J; Dede, D; Fennell, E; Quisling, R; Maria, B L

1998-08-01

Research on children with Joubert syndrome has focused on brain structural abnormalities and associated clinical symptoms. The degree of developmental delay has not been objectively reported. We investigated the neurobehavioral development of children with Joubert syndrome through neurobehavioral assessment in the largest sample to date. Thirty-two parents of children with Joubert syndrome completed the Child Development Inventory and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data was gathered on 17 of these children. Results indicate that 94% were severely impaired according to the Child Development Inventory, with age being positively correlated with degree of neurobehavioral impairment. The average developmental age of our sample was 19 months (63% below chronological age). Severity of illness as measured by the General Development scale of the Child Development Inventory and severity of illness as measured by MRI (overall severity rating) did not yield consistent data regarding severity of the midbrain and cerebellar malformations. Similarly, markers of abnormal cerebral development such as cortical atrophy and delayed myelination were independent of severity of illness ratings on the Child Development Inventory. The degree of developmental delay in Joubert syndrome and the severity of gross central nervous system malformations appear independent.

Young Children's Understandings of Length Measurement: Evaluating a Learning Trajectory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szilagyi, Janka; Clements, Douglas H.; Sarama, Julie

2013-01-01

This study investigated the development of length measurement ideas in students from prekindergarten through 2nd grade. The main purpose was to evaluate and elaborate the developmental progression, or levels of thinking, of a hypothesized learning trajectory for length measurement to ensure that the sequence of levels of thinking is consistent…

A Survival Guide for the Elementary/Middle School Counselor, 2nd Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, John J.

2004-01-01

This second edition of the best-selling book offers school counselors an expanded, practical, professional resource that is packed with hundreds of ready-to-use ideas, strategies, and tools. This "Survival Guide" will help readers plan and implement an effective counseling program tailored to the remedial, preventative, and developmental needs of…

SARA Reading Components Tests, RISE Forms: Technical Adequacy and Test Design, 2nd Edition. Research Report. ETS RR-15-32

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sabatini, John; Bruce, Kelly; Steinberg, Jonathan; Weeks, Jonathan

2015-01-01

This technical report describes the conceptual foundation and measurement properties of the Reading Inventory and Scholastic Evaluation (RISE). The RISE is a 6-subtest, Web-administered reading skills components battery. The theoretical and empirical foundations of each subtest in the battery are reviewed, as well as item designs. The results…

Perspectives of Survivors on Military Suicide Decedents’ Life Stressors and Male Gender Role Stress using the Male Gender Role Stressor Inventory (MGRSI)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-26

Inventory (MGRSI) by Arlie Graham Sterling IV Master’s Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Medical and Clinical...Gender Role Stress using the Male Gender Role Stressor Inventory (MGRSI) Name of Candidate: A. Graham Sterling IV Department of Medical and...MGRSI) Name ofCandicbte: LT.JG Arlie Grnham Sterling JV, Master of Science in Medical and Clinical Psychology, Date: 03/26/20 lJ Tl IESIS /\\ND

Life-History and Developmental Antecedents of Female Vocational Preferences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reichel, Laura S.; Muchinsky, Paul M.

1995-01-01

A group of 296 female undergraduates completed the Strong Interest Inventory, Biographical Questionnaire, Bem Sex-Role Inventory, and Self-Esteem Inventory. Life history was a better predictor of vocational interests than either sex-role orientation or self-esteem. The only significant exception was that Femininity correlated with interest in…

Structural Validity of the Movement ABC-2 Test: Factor Structure Comparisons across Three Age Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulz, Joerg; Henderson, Sheila E.; Sugden, David A.; Barnett, Anna L.

2011-01-01

Background: The Movement ABC test is one of the most widely used assessments in the field of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Improvements to the 2nd edition of the test (M-ABC-2) include an extension of the age range and reduction in the number of age bands as well as revision of tasks. The total test score provides a measure of motor…

Why Words are Hard for Adults with Developmental Language Impairments

PubMed Central

McGregor, Karla K.; Licandro, Ulla; Arenas, Richard; Eden, Nichole; Stiles, Derek; Bean, Allison; Walker, Elizabeth

2013-01-01

PURPOSE: To determine whether word learning problems associated with developmental language impairment (LI) reflect deficits in encoding or subsequent remembering of forms and meanings. METHOD: Sixty-nine 18-25-year-olds with LI or without (ND) took tests to measure learning of 16 word forms and meanings immediately after training (encoding) and 12-hours, 24-hours, and 1-week later (remembering). Half of the participants trained in the morning and half in the evening. RESULTS: At immediate posttest, those with LI performed more poorly on form and meaning than those with ND. Poor performance was more likely among those with more severe LI. The LI and ND groups demonstrated no difference in remembering word meanings over one week. In both groups, participants who trained in the evening, and therefore slept shortly after training, demonstrated greater gains in meaning recall than those who trained in the morning. In contrast, the LI-ND gap for word form recall widened over the week. CONCLUSIONS: Some adults with LI have encoding deficits that limit the addition of word forms and meanings to the lexicon. Similarities and differences in patterns of remembering in the LI and ND groups motivate the hypothesis that consolidation of declarative memory is a strength for adults with LI. PMID:24023376

Survey of Developmental Students' Print and Online Metacognitive Reading

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boudreaux, Mary Keller

2016-01-01

This quantitative study is a comparative analysis of developmental students' print and online support metacognitive strategy use. More specifically, a study was conducted utilizing the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) to measure developmental college students' awareness and perceived use of support reading strategies…

Basic Numerical Capacities and Prevalence of Developmental Dyscalculia: The Havana Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reigosa-Crespo, Vivian; Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell; Butterworth, Brian; Estevez, Nancy; Rodriguez, Marisol; Santos, Elsa; Torres, Paul; Suarez, Ramon; Lage, Agustin

2012-01-01

The association of enumeration and number comparison capacities with arithmetical competence was examined in a large sample of children from 2nd to 9th grades. It was found that efficiency on numerical capacities predicted separately more than 25% of the variance in the individual differences on a timed arithmetical test, and this occurred for…

The Development of Metacognitive Monitoring and Control in Second Graders: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roebers, Claudia M.; Spiess, Manuela

2017-01-01

Although metacognition is considered a central aspect of self-regulated learning and is often linked to learning outcomes, little is known about the intraindividual development and factors that lead to developmental improvement over time. This longitudinal study investigated 2nd graders' (N = 119, aged 8-9 years) metacognitive monitoring and…

Children's Attitudes, Knowledge and Behaviors Toward Animals. Phase V.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kellert, Stephen R.; Westervelt, Miriam O.

The basic objectives of this research, which involved children in the 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 11th grades, were to describe children's uses and perceptions of animals and to discern possible developmental stages in the evolution of attitudes toward animals. Personal interviews were conducted with 267 children from 16 public schools randomly selected…

Do Children "DRM" Like Adults? False Memory Production in Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Metzger, Richard L.; Warren, Amye R.; Shelton, Jill T.; Price, Jodi; Reed, Andrea W.; Williams, Danny

2008-01-01

The Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm was used to investigate developmental trends in accurate and false memory production. In Experiment 1, DRM lists adjusted to be more consistent with children's vocabulary were used with 2nd graders, 8th graders, and college students. Accurate and false recall and recognition increased with age, but…

Measuring Meta-Ignorance through the Lens of Confidence: Examining Students' Redox Misconceptions about Oxidation Numbers, Charge, and Electron Transfer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandriet, Alexandra R.; Bretz, Stacey Lowery

2014-01-01

This manuscript describes the relationship between students' redox understandings and confidence as measured by the Redox Concept Inventory (ROXCI) which assesses symbolic and particulate redox concepts. The ROXCI was administered to two samples of 1st- and 2nd-semester general chemistry students after the students were taught and tested on redox…

Ventilation Technical Guide, 2nd Edition

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-12

Typical metals found include lead, cadmium, zinc, and chromium . It is difficult to quantify all of the potential exposures associated with blasting...bases. Many of these booths are used to apply some of the most hazardous substances still found in the inventory, including chromium products and...is important to note that some metals used in welding have OSHA specific standards (lead, cadmium, chromium , beryllium, etc.), potentially

Variability of neodymium isotopes associated with planktonic foraminifera in the Pacific Ocean during the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Rong; Piotrowski, Alexander M.; Bostock, Helen C.; Crowhurst, Simon; Rennie, Victoria

2016-08-01

The deep Pacific Ocean holds the largest oceanic reservoir of carbon which may interchange with the atmosphere on climatologically important timescales. The circulation of the deep Pacific during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), however, is not well understood. Neodymium (Nd) isotopes of ferromanganese oxide coatings precipitated on planktonic foraminifera are a valuable proxy for deep ocean water mass reconstruction in paleoceanography. In this study, we present Nd isotope compositions (εNd) of planktonic foraminifera for the Holocene and the LGM obtained from 55 new sites widely distributed in the Pacific Ocean. The Holocene planktonic foraminiferal εNd results agree with the proximal seawater data, indicating that they provide a reliable record of modern bottom water Nd isotopes in the deep Pacific. There is a good correlation between foraminiferal εNd and seawater phosphate concentrations (R2 = 0.80), but poorer correlation with silicate (R2 = 0.37). Our interpretation is that the radiogenic Nd isotope is added to the deep open Pacific through particle release from the upper ocean during deep water mass advection and aging. The data thus also imply the Nd isotopes in the Pacific are not likely to be controlled by silicate cycling. In the North Pacific, the glacial Nd isotopic compositions are similar to the Holocene values, indicating that the Nd isotope composition of North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW) remained constant (-3.5 to -4). During the LGM, the southwest Pacific cores throughout the water column show higher εNd corroborating previous studies which suggested a reduced inflow of North Atlantic Deep Water to the Pacific. However, the western equatorial Pacific deep water does not record a corresponding radiogenic excursion, implying reduced radiogenic boundary inputs during the LGM probably due to a shorter duration of seawater-particle interaction in a stronger glacial deep boundary current. A significant negative glacial εNd excursion is evident in mid-depth (1-2 km) cores of the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) which may suggest a stronger influence of NPDW return flow to the core sites and decreased local input in the EEP. Taken together, our Nd records do not support a dynamically slower glacial Pacific overturning circulation, and imply that the increased carbon inventory of Pacific deep water might be due to poor high latitude air-sea exchange and increased biological pump efficiency in glacial times.

Developmental Trajectories of Young Girls with Fragile X Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hatton, Deborah D.; Wheeler, Anne; Sideris, John; Sullivan, Kelly; Reichardt, Alison; Roberts, Jane; Clark, Renee; Bailey, Donald B., Jr.

2009-01-01

To describe the early phenotype of girls with full mutation fragile X, we used 54 observations of 15 girls between the ages of 6 months and 9 years to examine developmental trajectories as measured by the Battelle Development Inventory. In this sample, autistic behavior was associated with poorer developmental outcomes, primarily due to…

Master Planning Guide for Instructional Objectives. Colorado State Plan for the Developmentally Disabled.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Marvin L.; And Others

Presented by the Master Planning Committee of the Colorado Department of Institutions and the Division of Developmental Disabilities is a behavior inventory of sequential skills in four areas basic to the normalization of developmentally disabled persons. Instructional objectives are listed in the following areas: physical, including perceptual…

The EvoDevoCI: A Concept Inventory for Gauging Students' Understanding of Evolutionary Developmental Biology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perez, Kathryn E.; Hiatt, Anna; Davis, Gregory K.; Trujillo, Caleb; French, Donald P.; Terry, Mark; Price, Rebecca M.

2013-01-01

The American Association for the Advancement of Science 2011 report "Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education" encourages the teaching of developmental biology as an important part of teaching evolution. Recently, however, we found that biology majors often lack the developmental knowledge needed to understand evolutionary…

Exposure to altered gravity during specific developmental periods differentially affects growth, development, the cerebellum and motor functions in male and female rats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguon, K.; Ladd, B.; Sajdel-Sulkowska, E. M.

2006-01-01

We previously reported that perinatal exposure to hypergravity affects cerebellar structure and motor coordination in rat neonates. In the present study, we explored the hypothesis that neonatal cerebellar structure and motor coordination may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of hypergravity during specific developmental stages. To test this hypothesis, we compared neurodevelopment, motor behavior and cerebellar structure in rat neonates exposed to 1.65 G on a 24-ft centrifuge during discrete periods of time: the 2nd week of pregnancy [gestational day (G) 8 through G15; group A], the 3rd week of pregnancy (G15 through birth on G22/G23; group B), the 1st week of nursing [birth through postnatal day (P) 6; group C], the 2nd and 3rd weeks of nursing (P6 through P21; group D), the combined 2nd and 3rd weeks of pregnancy and nursing (G8 through P21; group E) and stationary control (SC) neonates (group F). Prenatal exposure to hypergravity resulted in intrauterine growth retardation as reflected by a decrease in the number of pups in a litter and lower average mass at birth. Exposure to hypergravity immediately after birth impaired the righting response on P3, while the startle response in both males and females was most affected by exposure during the 2nd and 3rd weeks after birth. Hypergravity exposure also impaired motor functions, as evidenced by poorer performance on a rotarod; while both males and females exposed to hypergravity during the 2nd and 3rd weeks after birth performed poorly on P21, male neonates were most dramatically affected by exposure to hypergravity during the second week of gestation, when the duration of their recorded stay on the rotarod was one half that of SC males. Cerebellar mass was most reduced by later postnatal exposure. Thus, for the developing rat cerebellum, the postnatal period that overlaps the brain growth spurt is the most vulnerable to hypergravity. However, male motor behavior is also affected by midpregnancy exposure to hypergravity, suggesting discrete and sexually dimorphic windows of vulnerability of the developing central nervous system to environmental perturbations.

Developmental Inventories Using Illiterate Parents as Informants: Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) Adaptation for Two Kenyan Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alcock, K. J.; Rimba, K.; Holding, P.; Kitsao-Wekulo, P.; Abubakar, A.; Newton, C. R. J. C.

2015-01-01

Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs, parent-completed language development checklists) are a helpful tool to assess language in children who are unused to interaction with unfamiliar adults. Generally, CDIs are completed in written form, but in developing country settings parents may have insufficient literacy to complete them alone. We…

An initial investigation of associations between dopamine-linked genetic variation and smoking motives in African Americans.

PubMed

Bidwell, L C; McGeary, J E; Gray, J C; Palmer, R H C; Knopik, V S; MacKillop, J

2015-11-01

Nicotine dependence (ND) is a heterogeneous phenotype with complex genetic influences that may vary across ethnicities. The use of intermediate phenotypes may clarify genetic influences and reveal specific etiological pathways. Prior work in European Americans has found that the four Primary Dependence Motives (PDM) subscales (Automaticity, Craving, Loss of Control, and Tolerance) of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Motives represent core features of nicotine dependence and are promising intermediate phenotypes for understanding genetic pathways to ND. However, no studies have examined PDM as an intermediate phenotype in African American smokers, an ethnic population that displays unique patterns of smoking and genetic variation. In the current study, 268 African American daily smokers completed a phenotypic assessment and provided a sample of DNA. Associations among haplotypes in the NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene cluster, a dopamine-related gene region associated with ND, PDM intermediate phenotypes, and ND were examined. Dopamine-related genetic variation in the DBH and COMT genes was also considered on an exploratory basis. Mediational analysis was used to test the indirect pathway from genetic variation to smoking motives to nicotine dependence. NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 region variation was significantly associated with the Automaticity subscale and, further, Automaticity significantly mediated associations among NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 cluster variants and ND. DBH was also significantly associated with Automaticity, Craving, and Tolerance; Automaticity and Tolerance also served as mediators of the DBH-ND relationship. These results suggest that PDM, Automaticity in particular, may be a viable intermediate phenotype for understanding dopamine-related genetic influences on ND in African American smokers. Findings support a model in which putatively dopaminergic variants exert influence on ND through an effect on patterns of automatic routinized smoking. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A System Approach to Navy Medical Education and Training. Appendix 2. Task Inventory Booklet (Form N21-Physicians).

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-08-31

STOREC PROPERLY 37 ICHECK INSTRUMENTS ANn SUPPLIES FOR STERILIZATION INDICATORS 38 IDETERMINE ADEQUACY OF STERILIZATION PROCEDURES 39 IINSPECT SUPPLIES...NARCOTICS/CONTROLLED DRUGS/ALCOHCL TO WARO/CLINIC/OTHER IDEPARTMENTS 5 ISEARCH FOR UNACCOUNTABLE WARD/CLINIC NARCOTICSICONTPOLLED DRUGS 6 ICHECK ...SOURCES OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATICN 30 IREVIEW -ND EVALUATE ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES 31 IINSPECT SPACES FOR INSECT INFESTATION 32 ICHECK EQUIPMENT FCR

Contemporary Developmental Education: Maybe It's Not as Bad as It Looks. Keynote Address 2013 NYCLSA Symposium

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boylan, Hunter R.; Trawick, Amy R.

2015-01-01

Many organizations from legislative bodies to advocacy groups to research centers have recently "discovered" developmental education in much the same way as Columbus discovered America. In the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, private philanthropic organizations, initially led by the Lumina Foundation (n.d.), promoted a…

Encoding Deficits Impede Word Learning and Memory in Adults with Developmental Language Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGregor, Karla K.; Gordon, Katherine; Eden, Nichole; Arbisi-Kelm, Tim; Oleson, Jacob

2017-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether the word-learning challenges associated with developmental language disorder (DLD) result from encoding or retention deficits. Method In Study 1, 59 postsecondary students with DLD and 60 with normal development (ND) took the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition, Adult Version…

Development and Validation of Big Four Personality Scales for the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality-2nd Edition (SNAP-2)

PubMed Central

Calabrese, William R.; Rudick, Monica M.; Simms, Leonard J.; Clark, Lee Anna

2012-01-01

Recently, integrative, hierarchical models of personality and personality disorder (PD)—such as the Big Three, Big Four and Big Five trait models—have gained support as a unifying dimensional framework for describing PD. However, no measures to date can simultaneously represent each of these potentially interesting levels of the personality hierarchy. To unify these measurement models psychometrically, we sought to develop Big Five trait scales within the Schedule for Adaptive and Nonadaptive Personality–2nd Edition (SNAP-2). Through structural and content analyses, we examined relations between the SNAP-2, Big Five Inventory (BFI), and NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) ratings in a large data set (N = 8,690), including clinical, military, college, and community participants. Results yielded scales consistent with the Big Four model of personality (i.e., Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Introversion, and Antagonism) and not the Big Five as there were insufficient items related to Openness. Resulting scale scores demonstrated strong internal consistency and temporal stability. Structural and external validity was supported by strong convergent and discriminant validity patterns between Big Four scale scores and other personality trait scores and expectable patterns of self-peer agreement. Descriptive statistics and community-based norms are provided. The SNAP-2 Big Four Scales enable researchers and clinicians to assess personality at multiple levels of the trait hierarchy and facilitate comparisons among competing “Big Trait” models. PMID:22250598

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of a Developmental Assessment for Arabic-Speaking Children with Visual Impairment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macrine, Sheila L.; Heji, Hayat; Sabri, Amel; Dalton, Sara

2015-01-01

Developmental screening has become an established component of child health programs in many developed countries. The research objective of this project was to translate and adapt a developmental assessment (Oregon Project Skills Inventory) for use with young children with visual impairments who speak Arabic. The study was prompted by the lack of…

Clinical assessment of early language development: a simplified short form of the Mandarin communicative development inventory.

PubMed

Soli, Sigfrid D; Zheng, Yun; Meng, Zhaoli; Li, Gang

2012-09-01

The purpose of this study was to develop a practical mean for clinical evaluation of early pediatric language development by establishing developmental trajectories for receptive and expressive vocabulary growth in children between 6 and 32 months of age using a simple, time-efficient assessment tool. Simplified short form versions of the Words and Gestures and Words and Sentences vocabulary inventories in the Mandarin Communicative Development Inventory [1] were developed and used to assess early language development in developmentally normal children from 6 to 32 months of age during routine health checks. Developmental trajectories characterizing the rate of receptive and expressive vocabulary growth between 6 and 32 months of age are reported. These trajectories allow the equivalent age corresponding to a score to be determined after a brief structured interview with the child's parents that can be conducted in a busy clinical setting. The simplified short forms of the Mandarin Communicative Development Inventories can serve as a clinically useful tool to assess early child language development, providing a practical mean of objectively assessing early language development following early interventions to treat young children with hearing impairment as well as speech and language delays. Objective evidence of language development is essential for achievement of effective (re)habilitation outcomes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Lamp pumped Nd:YAG laser. Space-qualifiable Nd:YAG laser for optical communications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ward, K. B.

1973-01-01

Results are given of a program concerned with the design, fabrication, and evaluation of alkali pump lamps for eventual use in a space qualified Nd:YAG laser system. The study included evaluation of 2mm through 6mm bore devices. Primary emphasis was placed upon the optimization of the 4mm bore lamp and later on the 6mm bore lamp. As part of this effort, reference was made to the Sylvania work concerned with the theoretical modeling of the Nd:YAG laser. With the knowledge gained, a projection of laser performance was made based upon realistic lamp parameters which should easily be achieved during following developmental efforts. Measurements were made on the lamp performance both in and out of the cavity configuration. One significant observation was that for a constant vapor pressure device, the spectral and fluorescent output did not vary for vacuum or argon environment. Therefore, the laser can be operated in an inert environment (eg. argon) with no degradation in output. Laser output of 3.26 watts at 430 watts input was obtained for an optimized 4mm bore lamp.

CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION PROGRAMS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LAVATELLI, C.B.

PRESENT PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS FOR DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN ARE OF 3 KINDS--(1) AN INVENTORY TYPE WHICH ATTEMPTS TO IDENTIFY DEFICITS WHICH WILL AFFECT SCHOOL LEARNING AND TO OVERCOME THESE THROUGH EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES, (2) A PLAN BASED ON A RECAPITULATION THEORY WHICH ATTEMPTS TO DESCRIBE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES AND TO COMPENSATE FOR THOSE WHICH A…

What Are the Underlying Skills of Silent Reading Acquisition? A Developmental Study from Kindergarten to the 2nd Grade

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bar-Kochva, Irit

2013-01-01

Research on reading acquisition and on the processes underlying it usually examined reading orally, while silent reading, which is the more common mode of reading, has been rather neglected. As accumulated data suggests that these two modes of reading only partially overlap, our understanding of the natural mode of reading may still be limited.…

Predictors of the Transition from Experimental to Daily Smoking in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Sunhee; Weaver, Terri E.; Romer, Daniel

2010-01-01

Although smoking initiation is rare in young adulthood, the progression to a higher level of smoking still occurs at this developmental stage. Thus, this study was aimed at exploring predictors of the transition from experimental to daily smoking in late teens and young adults using the 2nd and 3rd waves from the National Longitudinal Study of…

Discriminating Real from Make-Believe on Television: A Developmental Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Condry, John; Freund, Susan

In order to determine when children distinguish the real from the fictional in television programing, 170 adults and 157 children from 2nd, 4th, and 6th grades were shown 40 "bits" of television, each 5 seconds in length and representative of a wide range of program types. Subjects were asked to classify as real or make-believe 18 "factual" bits,…

Comparative Evaluation of Phenoloxidase Activity in Different Larval Stages of Four Lepidopteran Pests After Exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis

PubMed Central

Valadez-Lira, J.A.; Alcocer-Gonzalez, J.M.; Damas, G.; Nuñez-Mejía, G.; Oppert, B.; Rodriguez-Padilla, C.; Tamez-Guerra, P.

2012-01-01

Microbial entomopathogen—based bioinsecticides are recognized as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Insects defend themselves against microbial pathogens by innate mechanisms, including increased phenoloxidase (PO) activity, but its relationship with microbial bioinsecticides efficacy is little known. This study evaluated the differences in PO activity at different developmental stages of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Pyralidae), beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Noctuidae), and cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Noctuidae). Additionally, 2nd- and 4th-instars were exposed to the LC50 value of the commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spray, Biobit®. The percentage of insecticidal activity (IA%) on 2nd-instar Biobit—exposed larvae was approximately the predicted 50 % mortality for all species except S. exigua. With all 4th instar Biobit—exposed larvae, mortality was not significantly different from that of unexposed larvae. Unexposed insects had a significantly higher PO activity in pre—pupae and pupae than early—instar larvae and adults, whereas PO activity was higher in adult females than in males. Correlation analysis between IA% and PO activity revealed significant r—values (p < 0.01) in 2nd instar H. virescens (r = 0.979) and P. interpunctella (r = 0.930). Second instar Biobit—exposed P. interpunctella had 10 times more PO activity than unexposed larvae. Similarly, the amount of total protein was lower in 4th instar Biobit—exposed H. virescens and higher in S. exigua. Therefore, the results indicated a relationship between Biobit susceptibility and PO activity in some cases. This information may be useful if the Biobit application period is timed for a developmental stage with low PO activity. However, more studies are needed to determine the correlation of each insect with a particular bioinsecticide. PMID:23414117

Comparative evaluation of phenoloxidase activity in different larval stages of four lepidopteran pests after exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis.

PubMed

Valadez-Lira, J A; Alcocer-Gonzalez, J M; Damas, G; Nuñez-Mejía, G; Oppert, B; Rodriguez-Padilla, C; Tamez-Guerra, P

2012-01-01

Microbial entomopathogen-based bioinsecticides are recognized as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Insects defend themselves against microbial pathogens by innate mechanisms, including increased phenoloxidase (PO) activity, but its relationship with microbial bioinsecticides efficacy is little known. This study evaluated the differences in PO activity at different developmental stages of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Pyralidae), beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Noctuidae), and cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Noctuidae). Additionally, 2(nd)- and 4(th)-instars were exposed to the LC(50) value of the commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spray, Biobit(®). The percentage of insecticidal activity (IA%) on 2(nd)-instar Biobit-exposed larvae was approximately the predicted 50 % mortality for all species except S. exigua. With all 4(th) instar Biobit-exposed larvae, mortality was not significantly different from that of unexposed larvae. Unexposed insects had a significantly higher PO activity in pre-pupae and pupae than early-instar larvae and adults, whereas PO activity was higher in adult females than in males. Correlation analysis between IA% and PO activity revealed significant r-values (p < 0.01) in 2(nd) instar H. virescens (r = 0.979) and P. interpunctella (r = 0.930). Second instar Biobit-exposed P. interpunctella had 10 times more PO activity than unexposed larvae. Similarly, the amount of total protein was lower in 4(th) instar Biobit-exposed H. virescens and higher in S. exigua. Therefore, the results indicated a relationship between Biobit susceptibility and PO activity in some cases. This information may be useful if the Biobit application period is timed for a developmental stage with low PO activity. However, more studies are needed to determine the correlation of each insect with a particular bioinsecticide.

Reliability and Diagnostic Efficiency of the Diagnostic Inventory for Disharmony (DID) in Youths with Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xavier, Jean; Vannetzel, Leonard; Viaux, Sylvie; Leroy, Arthur; Plaza, Monique; Tordjman, Sylvie; Mille, Christian; Bursztejn, Claude; Cohen, David; Guile, Jean-Marc

2011-01-01

The Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) category is a psychopathological entity few have described and is poorly, and mainly negatively, defined by autism exclusion. In order to limit PDD-NOS heterogeneity, alternative clinical constructs have been developed. This study explored the reliability and the diagnostic…

The Minnesota Child Development Inventory--Some Possibilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ireton, Harold

This paper discusses early identification of children with developmental handicaps, a subject highlighted recently through the creation of federal and state sponsored Early Periodic Screening Programs (EPSDT). The Minnesota Child Development Inventory (MCDI) provides a systematic means of obtaining parental (usually maternal) information about the…

Cross-cultural validity of standardized motor development screening and assessment tools: a systematic review.

PubMed

Mendonça, Bianca; Sargent, Barbara; Fetters, Linda

2016-12-01

To investigate whether standardized motor development screening and assessment tools that are used to evaluate motor abilities of children aged 0 to 2 years are valid in cultures other than those in which the normative sample was established. This was a systematic review in which six databases were searched. Studies were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and appraised for evidence level and quality. Study variables were extracted. Twenty-three studies representing six motor development screening and assessment tools in 16 cultural contexts met the inclusion criteria: Alberta Infant Motor Scale (n=7), Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd edition (n=2), Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (n=8), Denver Developmental Screening Test, 2nd edition (n=4), Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (n=1), and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd edition (n=1). Thirteen studies found significant differences between the cultural context and normative sample. Two studies established reliability and/or validity of standardized motor development assessments in high-risk infants from different cultural contexts. Five studies established new population norms. Eight studies described the cross-cultural adaptation of a standardized motor development assessment. Standardized motor development assessments have limited validity in cultures other than that in which the normative sample was established. Their use can result in under- or over-referral for services. © 2016 Mac Keith Press.

Character Education Connections for School, Home and Community: A Guide for Integrating Character Education. Grades Pre-K through 12. 2nd Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stirling, Diane

This character education guide, for grades Pre-K through 12, presents field-generated, field-tested ideas for integrating character education with daily learning. The ideas are varied in design, scope, and developmental levels and range from half-hour lessons to school-wide events to year-long courses. Each unit (50 in all) is built on particular…

1992 five year battery forecast

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Amistadi, D.

1992-12-01

Five-year trends for automotive and industrial batteries are projected. Topic covered include: SLI shipments; lead consumption; automotive batteries (5-year annual growth rates); industrial batteries (standby power and motive power); estimated average battery life by area/country for 1989; US motor vehicle registrations; replacement battery shipments; potential lead consumption in electric vehicles; BCI recycling rates for lead-acid batteries; US average car/light truck battery life; channels of distribution; replacement battery inventory end July; 2nd US battery shipment forecast.

The stability of mastery motivation and its relationship with home environment in infants and toddlers.

PubMed

Wang, Pei-Jung; Hwang, Ai-Wen; Liao, Hua-Fang; Chen, Pau-Chung; Hsieh, Wu-Shiun

2011-06-01

Mastery motivation (intrinsic drives to explore and master one's environment) is a key developmental element. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the stability of mastery motivation between 2 and 3 years of age for two genders; and (2) the associations between early home environment and toddlers' mastery motivation in children with typical development. Data of 102 children developing typically from a birth cohort study at Northern Taiwan were analyzed in two parts: (1) stability part: mastery motivation of children were measured at 2 and 3 years of age; (2) environment part: child-parent dyads were assessed from birth, 4 months, 6 months, and 2-3 years of age. Outcomes variables were measured at ages 2 and 3 years by the Dimension of Mastery Questionnaire-17th version. Main predictive variables were measured by Home Observation for Measuring Environment Inventory (HOME) to collect data of the qualities of home environment at 6 months and 2 years; by the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire to obtain 4-month activity levels; and by the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers to obtain 2-year developmental quotient (DQ). There was moderate stability of mastery motivation from 2 to 3 years, and girls' stability was higher than boys'. 6-Month HOME rather than 2-year HOME measures were positively and significantly correlated with instrumental mastery motivation even when controlling for gender, activity level, and DQ. Mastery motivation had moderate stability during the toddler period. The quality of home environment in infancy appeared to have a significant impact on toddler's mastery motivation. To promote mastery motivation, caregivers should provide better quality of home environment for infants/toddlers during the very early years. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Developing a Web-Based Developmental Feedback Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

instruments. Theory Behind and Development of the Feedback Instruments The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) has been used extensively to...15304,00.pdf. 185 Posner, B.Z. & Kouzes, J.M. (2002). The leadership practices inventory: Theory and evidence behind the five practices...11 Theory Behind and Development of the Feedback Instruments............................14

Effects of a Home-Based Family-Centred Early Habilitation Program on Neurobehavioural Outcomes of Very Preterm Born Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study

PubMed Central

Poggioli, Michela; Minichilli, Fabrizio; Bononi, Tiziana; Meghi, Pasquina; Andre, Paolo; Crecchi, Alessandra; Rossi, Bruno; Carboncini, Maria Chiara; Ottolini, Alberto

2016-01-01

Preterm children have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments which include psychomotor and language retardation. The objectives of the present retrospective cohort study were to examine the effects of an individually adapted, home-based, and family-centred early developmental habilitation program on neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes of very preterm children compared with a standard follow-up at 2 years' corrected age. Enrolled infants were retrospectively assigned to the intervention group (61 subjects) or to the control group (62 subjects) depending on whether they had or had not carried out a home-based family-centred early developmental habilitation program focused on environmental enrichment, parent-guided environmental interaction, and infant development. Developmental outcome was assessed for both groups at 24 months' corrected age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd Edition. Intervention significantly improved both cognitive and behavioural outcomes. In addition, males had significantly lower scores than females either before or after treatment. However, the treatment was effective in both genders to the same extent. In conclusion, a timely updated environment suitable to the infant's developmental needs could provide the best substrate where the parent-infant relationship can be practised with the ultimate goal of achieving further developmental steps. PMID:28090357

Effects of a Home-Based Family-Centred Early Habilitation Program on Neurobehavioural Outcomes of Very Preterm Born Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

PubMed

Poggioli, Michela; Minichilli, Fabrizio; Bononi, Tiziana; Meghi, Pasquina; Andre, Paolo; Crecchi, Alessandra; Rossi, Bruno; Carboncini, Maria Chiara; Ottolini, Alberto; Bonfiglio, Luca

2016-01-01

Preterm children have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments which include psychomotor and language retardation. The objectives of the present retrospective cohort study were to examine the effects of an individually adapted, home-based, and family-centred early developmental habilitation program on neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes of very preterm children compared with a standard follow-up at 2 years' corrected age. Enrolled infants were retrospectively assigned to the intervention group (61 subjects) or to the control group (62 subjects) depending on whether they had or had not carried out a home-based family-centred early developmental habilitation program focused on environmental enrichment, parent-guided environmental interaction, and infant development. Developmental outcome was assessed for both groups at 24 months' corrected age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd Edition. Intervention significantly improved both cognitive and behavioural outcomes. In addition, males had significantly lower scores than females either before or after treatment. However, the treatment was effective in both genders to the same extent. In conclusion, a timely updated environment suitable to the infant's developmental needs could provide the best substrate where the parent-infant relationship can be practised with the ultimate goal of achieving further developmental steps.

National Board Certification and Developmentally Appropriate Practices: Perceptions of Impact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKenzie, Ellen Nancy

2013-01-01

The study investigated a relationship between National Board certification and perceived use of developmentally appropriate practices (DAP). A self-developed survey, the Early-childhood Teacher Inventory of Practices, was e-mailed to participants. Participants included 246 non-National Board-certified (non-NBCT) and 135 National Board-certified…

Verification of NOx emission inventories over North Korea.

PubMed

Kim, Na Kyung; Kim, Yong Pyo; Morino, Yu; Kurokawa, Jun-ichi; Ohara, Toshimasa

2014-12-01

In this study, the top-down NOx emissions estimated from satellite observations of NO2 vertical column densities over North Korea from 1996 to 2009 were analyzed. Also, a bottom-up NOx emission inventory from REAS 1.1 from 1980 to 2005 was analyzed with several statistics. REAS 1.1 was in good agreement with the top-down approach for both trend and amount. The characteristics of NOx emissions in North Korea were quite different from other developed countries including South Korea. In North Korea, emissions from industry sector was the highest followed by transportation sector in the 1980s. However, after 1990, the NOx emissions from other sector, mainly agriculture, became the 2nd highest. Also, no emission centers such as urban areas or industrial areas were distinctively observed. Finally, the monthly NOx emissions were high during the warm season. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Profiles of Everyday Executive Functioning in Young Children with Down Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daunhauer, Lisa A.; Fidler, Deborah J.; Hahn, Laura; Will, Elizabeth; Lee, Nancy Raitano; Hepburn, Susan

2014-01-01

We investigated executive functioning (EF) in children with Down syndrome (DS; n = 25) and typically developing (TD) children matched for mental age (MA; n = 23) using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool. We sought to (1) compare children with DS to a developmentally matched control group, and (2) to characterize the EF…

[Preventing burnout in nursing students].

PubMed

Botti, Geneviève; Foddis, Danielle; Giacalone-Olive, Anne-Marie

2011-05-01

In 2009-2010, four "personal development and stress management" workshops were attended by all the 2nd and 3rd year students at the nursing training institute of Sainte-Marguerite Hospital in Marseille. Beforehand, their stress levels were assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale which revealed that such a workshop would be useful. 80% of students were interested and 50% found it to be of real help. This work involves reflecting on the malaise among healthcare professionals and the ways of overcoming it.

Infant Communicative Development Assessed with the European Portuguese MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories Short Forms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frota, Sónia; Butler, Joseph; Correia, Susana; Severino, Cátia; Vicente, Selene; Vigário, Marina

2016-01-01

This article describes the European Portuguese MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories short forms, the first published instruments for the assessment of language development in EP-learning infants and toddlers. Normative data from the EP population are presented, focusing on developmental trends for vocabulary learning, production…

Early Screening Inventory. Revised. Examiner's Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meisels, Samuel J.; Marsden, Dorothea B.; Wiske, Martha Stone; Henderson, Laura W.

The Early Screening Inventory-Revised (ESI-R) is a brief developmental screening instrument that is individually administered to children from 3 to 6 years of age. It is designed to identify children who may need special education services in order to perform successfully in school. The ESI-R is intended to assess the child's ability to acquire…

Can yu rid guat ay rot? A developmental investigation of cross-linguistic spelling errors among Spanish-English bilingual students

PubMed Central

Howard, Elizabeth R.; Green, Jennifer D.; Arteagoitia, Igone

2014-01-01

This study contributes to the literature on cross-linguistic literacy relationships for English language learners, and in particular, the Spanish-influenced spelling patterns of Spanish-English bilinguals. English spelling, reading and vocabulary assessments were administered to 220 students in four TWI programs over a three-year period, from 2nd grade to 4th grade. Data analysis consisted of t-tests and multiple regression. The incidence of cross-linguistic spelling errors was found to be low at all grade levels and to virtually disappear by 4th grade, indicating that this is a developmental issue that is common among bilingual students and that resolves itself without remediation. PMID:25302051

Sex Differential Item Functioning in the Inventory of Early Development III Social-Emotional Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beaver, Jessica L.; French, Brian F.; Finch, W. Holmes; Ullrich-French, Sarah C.

2014-01-01

Social-emotional (SE) skills in the early developmental years of children influence outcomes in psychological, behavioral, and learning domains. The adult ratings of a child's SE skills can be influenced by sex stereotypes. These rating differences could lead to differential conclusions about developmental progress or risk. To ensure that…

Music Teaching for Young Children at a Developmentally Appropriate Practice Classroom in Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Pyng-Na; Lin, Sheng-Hsi

2013-01-01

This study attempts to enhance the understanding of a music curriculum that represents holistic and meaningful learning for young children at a developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) classroom in Taiwan. The study participant implementing DAP was selected through purposive sampling by the Classroom Practice Inventory and pilot study. A…

Validating an Online Assessment of Developmental Spelling in Grades Five through Eight

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gehsmann, Kristin; Spichtig, Alexandra; Tousley, Elias

2017-01-01

Assessments of developmental spelling, also called spelling inventories, are commonly used to understand students' orthographic knowledge (i.e., knowledge of how written words work) and to determine their stages of spelling and reading development. The information generated by these assessments is used to inform teachers' grouping practices and…

Baseball Players With an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear Display Increased Nondominant Arm Humeral Torsion Compared With Healthy Baseball Players.

PubMed

Meyer, Casey J; Garrison, J Craig; Conway, John E

2017-01-01

Previous work has suggested that an increase in the amount of developmentally acquired, dominant arm humeral retrotorsion (D HRT) in the thrower's shoulder may be a potentially protective mechanism. Although the relationship between HRT and shoulder injuries has been reported, the relationship between HRT and ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears in baseball players is not known. To determine whether D HRT and nondominant arm HRT (ND HRT) measurements in baseball players with a UCL tear differ statistically from a matched healthy cohort. Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. D HRT and ND HRT were measured in 112 male competitive high school and collegiate baseball players seen over an 18-month period from 2013 to 2015. A total of 56 participants with a clinical and magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed diagnosis of a throwing-arm UCL tear (UCLInj group) were compared with 56 healthy baseball players with no history of an elbow injury who were matched for age, experience, and position (NUCLInj group). The mean ages in the UCLInj and NUCLInj groups were 17.9 ± 2.2 and 17.6 ± 2.8 years, respectively. Using a previously validated ultrasound method, D HRT and ND HRT were measured in the supine position, and the HRT side-to-side difference (D HRT - ND HRT) was calculated. A 1-way multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine the mean statistical differences between groups ( P < .05). Baseball players with a UCL tear displayed significantly more humeral torsion (ie, less retrotorsion) in their nondominant arm compared with healthy baseball players (UCLInj = 33.27° ± 10.27°, NUCLInj = 27.82° ± 10.88°; P = .007). Baseball players with a UCL tear did not display any differences in D HRT compared with healthy baseball players (UCLInj = 18.67° ± 9.41°, NUCLInj = 17.09° ± 9.92°; P = .391). Significant side-to-side differences in HRT existed between groups (UCLInj = -14.60° ± 6.72°, NUCLInj = -10.72° ± 6.88°; P = .003). There was a significant increase in mean nondominant arm humeral torsion (ie, less retrotorsion) in the UCL tear group, but there was no significant difference in the mean D HRT between the injured and uninjured groups. A greater HRT side-to-side difference was displayed in the UCL tear group. The extent to which a thrower has developmentally acquired both D HRT and ND HRT may affect elbow UCL tear risk. Furthermore, it is possible that the extent of genetically predisposed ND HRT may influence the throwing-related increase in D HRT.

Concurrent validity of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI): a study of African American precollege students.

PubMed

Flowers, Lamont A; Bridges, Brian K; Moore III, James L

2012-01-01

Concurrent validation procedures were employed, using a sample of African American precollege students, to determine the extent to which scale scores obtained from the first edition of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) were appropriate for diagnostic purposes. Data analysis revealed that 2 of the 10 LASSI scales (i.e., Anxiety and Test Strategies) significantly correlated with a measure of academic ability. These results suggested that scores obtained from these LASSI scales may provide valid assessments of African American precollege students’ academic aptitude. Implications for teachers, school counselors, and developmental studies professionals were discussed.

Australian Validation of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopkinson, Laura; Watt, Dianne; Roodenburg, John

2014-01-01

The Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC) is a developmentally appropriate parent-report measure of the Five Factor Model (FFM) that has been validated in several European languages but only recently in English. The English translation of the HiPIC was evaluated in an Australian context. Parent-rated HiPIC scores were obtained…

Fathers in Turkey: Paternity Characteristics, Gender Role, Communication Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ünüvar, Perihan

2017-01-01

Objective of this study is to examine the correlation the quality of paternity, gender roles and communication skills of fathers. The scores in the scale of supporting developmental tasks were used in order to determine the quality of paternity. The other data collection tools were the BEM sex role inventory and the communication skills inventory.…

Predicting Later Language Outcomes from the Language Use Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pesco, Diane; O'Neill, Daniela K.

2012-01-01

Purpose: To examine the predictive validity of the Language Use Inventory (LUI), a parent report of language use by children 18-47 months old (O'Neill, 2009). Method: 348 children whose parents had completed the LUI were reassessed at 5-6 years old with standardized, norm-referenced language measures and parent report of developmental history. The…

New Evidence for the Effectiveness of the Early Screening Inventory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meisels, Samuel J.; And Others

1993-01-01

Examines the psychometric properties of the Early Screening Inventory (ESI), a developmental screening instrument designed to identify four- to six-year-olds at high risk for school failure. The ESI was found to be highly reliable and predictive, and it may be possible to increase its accuracy by combining it with the related Parent Questionnaire.…

Reliability and Validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory with Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Viecili, Michelle A.; Weiss, Jonathan A.

2015-01-01

The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) measures health-related quality of life, a growing area of research, particularly among individuals with disabilities. This research is necessary to fully understand the varied needs of the population and, ultimately, ensure that those needs are being met. The current study assessed the reliability…

Comparing the functional performance of children and youths with autism, developmental disabilities, and no disability using the revised pediatric evaluation of disability inventory item banks.

PubMed

Kao, Ying-Chia; Kramer, Jessica M; Liljenquist, Kendra; Tian, Feng; Coster, Wendy J

2012-01-01

OBJECTIVE. We compared the functional performance of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), and without disabilities using the revised Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) Social/Cognitive, Daily Activities, and Responsibility domains. METHOD. A nationally representative sample of parents of children ages 0-21 without disabilities (n = 2,205), with ASD (n = 108), or with IDD (n = 150) completed an online survey. We obtained predicted PEDI-CAT scaled scores for three reference ages (5, 10, 15) from a modified analysis of covariance model and compared each group's scores using contrasts of the regression parameters. RESULTS. We found no significant differences between the ASD and IDD groups. The group with ASD demonstrated significantly lower performance than the group without disabilities across the three domains at ages 10 and 15. CONCLUSION. Scores on the PEDI-CAT differentiated the group with ASD from the group without disabilities. Children with ASD and IDD did not demonstrate different performance profiles. Copyright © 2012 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.

Development of the Supported Decision Making Inventory System.

PubMed

Shogren, Karrie A; Wehmeyer, Michael L; Uyanik, Hatice; Heidrich, Megan

2017-12-01

Supported decision making has received increased attention as an alternative to guardianship and a means to enable people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to exercise their right to legal capacity. Assessments are needed that can used by people with disabilities and their systems of supports to identify and plan for needed supports to enable decision making. This article describes the steps taken to develop such an assessment tool, the Supported Decision Making Inventory System (SDMIS), and initial feedback received from self-advocates with intellectual disability. The three sections of the SDMIS (Supported Decision Making Personal Factors Inventory, Supported Decision Making Environmental Demands Inventory, and Decision Making Autonomy Inventory) are described and implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.

Brief Report: An Independent Replication and Extension of Psychometric Evidence Supporting the Theory of Mind Inventory.

PubMed

Greenslade, Kathryn J; Coggins, Truman E

2016-08-01

This study presents an independent replication and extension of psychometric evidence supporting the Theory of Mind Inventory (ToMI). Parents of 20 children with ASD (4; 1-6; 7 years; months) and 20 with typical development (3; 1-6; 5), rated their child's theory of mind abilities in everyday situations. Other parent report and child behavioral assessments included the Social Responsiveness Scale-2, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-2, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-4, and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool, 2. Results revealed high internal consistency, expected developmental changes in children with typical development, expected group differences between children with and without ASD, and strong correlations with other measures of social and communication abilities. The ToMI demonstrates strong psychometrics, suggesting considerable utility in identifying theory of mind deficits in children with ASD.

Ambulatory EEG NeuroMonitor platform for engagement studies of children with development delays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahajan, Ruhi; Consul-Pacareu, Sergi; Abusaud, Mohammed; Sahadat, Md N.; Morshed, Bashir I.

2013-05-01

Engagement monitoring is crucial in many clinical and therapy applications such as early learning preschool classes for children with developmental delays including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or cerebral palsy; as it is challenging for the instructors to evaluate the individual responses of these children to determine the effectiveness of the teaching strategies due to the diverse and unique need of each child who might have difficulty in verbal or behavioral communication. This paper presents an ambulatory scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) NeuroMonitor platform to study brain engagement activities in natural settings. The developed platform is miniature (size: 2.2" x 0.8" x 0.36", weight: 41.8 gm with 800 mAh Li-ion battery and 3 snap leads) and low-power (active mode: 32 mA low power mode: under 5mA) with 2 channels (Fp1, Fp2) to record prefrontal cortex activities of the subject in natural settings while concealed within a headband. The signals from the electrodes are amplified with a low-power instrumentation amplifier; notch filtered (fc = 60Hz), then band-passed by a 2nd-order Chebyshev-I low-pass filter cascaded with a 2nd-order low-pass (fc = 125Hz). A PSoC ADC (16-bit, 256 sps) samples this filtered signal, and can either transmit it through a Class-2 Bluetooth transceiver to a remote station for real-time analysis or store it in a microSD card for offline processing. This platform is currently being evaluated to capture data in the classroom settings for engagement monitoring of children, aimed to study the effectiveness of various teaching strategies that will allow the development of personalized classroom curriculum for children with developmental delays.

Biogas from Marine Macroalgae: a New Environmental Technology — Life Cycle Inventory for a Further LCA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Romagnoli, Francesco; Blumberga, Dagnija; Gigli, Emanuele

2010-01-01

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the innovative process of production of biogas (via fermentation processes) using marine macroalgae as feedstock in a pilot project plant in Augusta (Sicily, Italy). Algae, during their growth, have the capacity to assimilate nutrients and thus subsequent harvesting of the algal biomass recovers the nutrients from biowaste sources giving the possibility to transform negative environmental externalities in positive mainly in terms of eutrophication and climate change impact categories. The paper presents a novel environmental technology for the production of biogas and 2nd generation biofuel (liquid biomethane) after an upgrading process through the use of a cryogenic technology. The paper would also like to make the first attempt at understanding the possibility to implement this innovative technology in the Latvian context. The first calculations and assumptions for the Life Cycle Inventory for a further Life Cycle Assessment are presented.

A comparative review of developmental screening tests.

PubMed

Glascoe, F P; Martin, E D; Humphrey, S

1990-10-01

Public Law 99-457 amends the Education of the Handicapped Act to include services for children from birth through 3 years. Inasmuch as detection and referral of children with developmental delays continues to reside largely with pediatricians and other health care professionals, developmental screening, using standardized tests, is increasingly important. To help physicians select from the array of instruments, 19 different screening tests were administered by a pediatrician and rated by a panel of pediatricians and a special educator. While the panel found few tests that fit within the time constraints of pediatric practice, several tests approached standards for educational and psychologic tests. These included the Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test, Infant Monitoring System, Developmental Indicators for Assessment of Learning-Revised, Screening Children for Related Early Educational Needs, and the Developmental Profile II.

Sexual behavior problems in preteen children: developmental, ecological, and behavioral correlates.

PubMed

Friedrich, W N; Davies, W Hobart; Feher, Eleonora; Wright, John

2003-06-01

A large sample of 2-12 year old children (N = 2311) was studied to determine the relationship between three sexually intrusive behavior items (SIBs) measured by the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) and a range of developmental, ecological, and behavioral correlates. The variables studied included age, gender, race, family income, single parent status, maternal education, family sexual behaviors, physical abuse, sexual abuse, domestic violence, social competence of the child, and three scales from the CBCL (Internalizing, Externalizing, and PTSD). Sexual abuse was not the primary predictor of SIB, but a model incorporating family adversity, modeling of coercive behavior, child behavior, and modeling of sexuality predicted a significant amount of variance.

The EvoDevoCI: A Concept Inventory for Gauging Students’ Understanding of Evolutionary Developmental Biology

PubMed Central

Perez, Kathryn E.; Hiatt, Anna; Davis, Gregory K.; Trujillo, Caleb; French, Donald P.; Terry, Mark; Price, Rebecca M.

2013-01-01

The American Association for the Advancement of Science 2011 report Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education encourages the teaching of developmental biology as an important part of teaching evolution. Recently, however, we found that biology majors often lack the developmental knowledge needed to understand evolutionary developmental biology, or “evo-devo.” To assist in efforts to improve evo-devo instruction among undergraduate biology majors, we designed a concept inventory (CI) for evolutionary developmental biology, the EvoDevoCI. The CI measures student understanding of six core evo-devo concepts using four scenarios and 11 multiple-choice items, all inspired by authentic scientific examples. Distracters were designed to represent the common conceptual difficulties students have with each evo-devo concept. The tool was validated by experts and administered at four institutions to 1191 students during preliminary (n = 652) and final (n = 539) field trials. We used student responses to evaluate the readability, difficulty, discriminability, validity, and reliability of the EvoDevoCI, which included items ranging in difficulty from 0.22–0.55 and in discriminability from 0.19–0.38. Such measures suggest the EvoDevoCI is an effective tool for assessing student understanding of evo-devo concepts and the prevalence of associated common conceptual difficulties among both novice and advanced undergraduate biology majors. PMID:24297293

Evaluating the effects of maternal alcohol consumption on murine fetal brain vasculature using optical coherence tomography.

PubMed

Raghunathan, Raksha; Wu, Chen; Singh, Manmohan; Liu, Chih-Hao; Miranda, Rajesh C; Larin, Kirill V

2018-05-01

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in a range of anomalies including brain and behavioral dysfunctions, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. PAE during the 1st and 2nd trimester is common, and research in animal models has documented significant neural developmental deficits associated with PAE during this period. However, little is known about the immediate effects of PAE on fetal brain vasculature. In this study, we used in utero speckle variance optical coherence tomography, a high spatial- and temporal-resolution imaging modality, to evaluate dynamic changes in microvasculature of the 2nd trimester equivalent murine fetal brain, minutes after binge-like maternal alcohol exposure. Acute binge-like PAE resulted in a rapid (<1 hour) and significant decrease (P < .001) in vessel diameter as compared to the sham group. The data show that a single binge-like maternal alcohol exposure resulted in swift vasoconstriction in fetal brain vessels during the critical period of neurogenesis. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Effects of soybean resistance on variability in life history traits of the higher trophic level parasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

PubMed

Li, X; Li, B; Xing, G; Meng, L

2017-02-01

To extrapolate the influence of plant cultivars varying in resistance levels to hosts on parasitoid life history traits, we estimated variation in parasitoid developmental and reproductive performances as a function of resistance in soybean cultivars, which were randomly chosen from a line of resistant genotypes. Our study showed that the parasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis varied widely in offspring survival and lifetime fecundity, but varied slightly in development time and adult body size, in response to the soybean cultivars that varied in resistance to the host Spodoptera litura. Furthermore, the variability in survival and lifetime fecundity was different between attacking the 2nd and the 4th instar host larvae, varying more in survival but less in lifetime fecundity when attacking the 4th than 2nd instar larvae. Our study provides further evidence supporting that plant resistance to herbivorous hosts have variable effects on different life history traits of higher trophic level parasitoids.

Temperament in the developmental course: a longitudinal comparison of New York Longitudinal Study-derived dimensions with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory.

PubMed

Pitzer, Martina; Esser, Guenter; Schmidt, Martin H; Laucht, Manfred

2007-01-01

Despite theoretical discrepancies between different concepts of temperament, some core dimensions are thought to be common to the various models. We compared temperamental traits derived from the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) model and the Cloninger dimensions in the developmental course and investigated the associations of temperament with sex as well as with obstetric risks or psychosocial risks present at birth. Participants were 151 boys and 157 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk from a longitudinal study on a high-risk community sample. In infancy and childhood, NYLS-derived temperamental characteristics were assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. At age 15 years, the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory/12-18 was administered. Moderate correlations were found between Junior Temperament and Character Inventory scales in adolescence and NYLS-derived factors in childhood. The psychosocial risk load seemed to influence the expression of novelty seeking or corresponding NYLS-derived factors, whereas the obstetric risks did not contribute to variation in temperament. Our findings further support highly sex-specific gene x environment interactions on temperament in the developmental course. The content of our NYLS-derived factors and the specific type of association across different temperament constructs fit into the increasing consensus regarding a small number of higher-order temperamental traits.

Influence of long-term altered gravity on the swimming performance of developing cichlid fish: including results from the 2nd German Spacelab Mission D-2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahmann, H.; Hilbig, R.; Flemming, J.; Slenzka, K.

This study presents qualitative and quantitative data concerning gravity-dependent changes in the swimming behaviour of developing cichlid fish larvae (Oreochromis mossambicus) after a 9 resp. 10 days exposure to increased acceleration (centrifuge experiments), to reduced gravity (fast-rotating clinostat), changed accelerations (parabolic air craft flights) and to near weightlessness (2nd German Spacelab Mission D-2). Changes of gravity initially cause disturbances of the swimming performance of the fish larvae. With prolonged stay in orbit a step by step normalisation of the swimming behaviour took place in the fish. After return to 1g earth conditions no somersaulting or looping could be detected concerning the fish, but still slow and disorientated movements as compared to controls occurred. The fish larvae adapted to earth gravity within 3-5 days. Fish seem to be in a distinct early developmental stages extreme sensitive and adaptable to altered gravity. However, elder fish either do not react or show compensatory behaviour e.g. escape reactions.

Micro Computer Feedback Report for the Strategic Leader Development Inventory

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

POS or NEG variables CALL CREATE MEM DIR ;make a memory directory JC SELS ;exat I error CALL SELECT-SCREEN ;dlsplay select screen JC SEL4 ;no flles in...get keyboaI Input CMP AL,1Bh3 ;ls I an Esc key ? JNZ SEL2 ;X not goto nrod test G-95 JMP SEL4 ;Exit SEL2: CMP AL,OOh Iskapick? JZ SEL ;I YES exit loop...position CALL READ DATE ;gat DOS daoe od 4e CALL F4ND -ERO ;kxlae OW In data ue JC SEL.5 SEL4 : CALL RELEASE MEM DIR ;release meu block CLC ;cler carry fag

Measuring Service Quality in a Nontraditional Institution Using Importance-Performance Gap Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mugdh, Mrinal

2004-01-01

nd wants of these students, nontraditional colleges have adopted research strategies that take into account both student expectations as well as their perception of satisfaction to assess service quality at their institutions. As one of the model adult learner focused institutions, Empire State College used Noel-Levitz Adult Learner Inventory in…

Size and Composition of the Lexicon in Prematurely Born Very-Low-Birth-Weight and Full-Term Finnish Children at Two Years of Age

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stolt, Suvi; Klippi, Anu; Launonen, Kaisa; Munck, Petriina; Lehtonen, Liisa; Lapinleimu, Helena; Haataja, Leena

2007-01-01

This paper focuses on the aspects of the lexicon in 66 prematurely born very-low-birth-weight and 87 full-term Finnish children at 2;0, studied using the Finnish version of the "MacArthur Communicative Developmental Inventory". The groups did not differ in vocabulary size. Furthermore, the female advantage in vocabulary size was not seen…

Linking Measures of Adult Nicotine Dependence to a Common Latent Continuum and a Comparison with Adolescent Patterns

PubMed Central

Strong, David R.; Schonbrun, Yael Chatav; Schaffran, Christine; Griesler, Pamela C.; Kandel, Denise

2012-01-01

Background An ongoing debate regarding the nature of Nicotine Dependence (ND) is whether the same instrument can be applied to measure ND among adults and adolescents. Using a hierarchical item response model (IRM), we examined evidence for a common continuum underlying ND symptoms among adults and adolescents. Method The analyses are based on two waves of interviews with subsamples of parents and adolescents from a multi-ethnic longitudinal cohort of 1,039 6th–10th graders from the Chicago Public Schools (CPS). Adults and adolescents who reported smoking cigarettes the last 30 days prior to waves 3 and 5 completed three common instruments measuring ND symptoms and one item measuring loss of autonomy. Results A stable continuum of ND, first identified among adolescents, was replicated among adults. However, some symptoms, such as tolerance and withdrawal, differed markedly across adults and adolescents. The majority of mFTQ items were observed within the highest levels of ND, the NDSS items within the lowest levels, and the DSM-IV items were arrayed in the middle and upper third of the continuum of dependence severity. Loss of Autonomy was positioned at the lower end of the continuum. We propose a ten-symptom measure of ND for adolescents and adults. Conclusions Despite marked differences in the relative severity of specific ND symptoms in each group, common instrumentation of ND can apply to adults and adolescents. The results increase confidence in the ability to describe phenotypic heterogeneity in ND across important developmental periods. PMID:21855236

[The clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of the children born to persons with a history of 1st- and 2d-degree acute radiation sickness as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

PubMed

Stepanova, E I; Vaniurikhina, E A

1993-01-01

We have examined 15 children (born in 1987-1988), whose fathers liquidated the aftereffects of the accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and suffered from acute radiation sickness of the 1st and 2nd stages and 50 children of the control group. The obtained data showed that the number of small developmental abnormalities (stigmas of dysembryogenesis) increased as well as the chromatid aberration frequency as compared with the control group.

Parents' perception of the quality of life of preschool children at risk or having developmental disabilities.

PubMed

Lau, Ka-Ming; Chow, Susanna M K; Lo, Sing Kai

2006-09-01

Despite increased concern for the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of people with disabilities, little is known about the HRQOL of children with developmental disabilities. The present study aimed to explore the HRQOL of children who were at risk or having developmental disabilities in Hong Kong. Using the parent-reported Chinese Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), the HRQOL of 173 children (2-4 years) with signs of delays in development was contrasted with that of 132 children with typical development. We found that those who exhibited high risk of developing a developmental disability had significantly lower overall well-being (76.3 +/- 13.7 vs. 84.2 +/- 11.3; p<0.001) and psychosocial health (71.3 +/- 15.6 vs. 82.5 +/- 12.9; p<0.001) but not necessarily physical health. The findings are consistent with previous findings in children with different disabilities and chronic illnesses. They suggest children at risk or having DDs need help in restoring their quality of life up to the standard experienced by their healthy peers, particular in psychosocial aspects such as social functioning, emotion functioning, and school functioning.

Mother-Child Interactions of Preterm Toddlers.

PubMed

Karabekiroğlu, Koray; Akman, İpek; Kuşçu Orhan, Şebnem; Kuşçu, Kemal; Altuncu, Emel; Karabekiroğlu, Aytül; Yüce, Murat

2015-06-01

We aimed to investigate the mother-toddler relationship in preterm toddlers. The sample consisted of 18 mothers and their preterm toddlers (group 1) and 20 mothers and their fullterm toddlers (group 2). Anxiety and depressive symptom levels, attachment pattern, and parental attitudes of mothers and social-emotional problems and developmental level of the toddlers were explored to assess possible confounding factors in the mother-toddler relationship. Two researchers rated the Parent Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scales (PIRGAS). Both the mothers in group 1 and group 2 had similar Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores. However, the mothers who gave birth before 32 weeks of gestation had higher trait anxiety scores than others (46±2.4 vs. 42.3±5.4, p=0.01). The groups had similar Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment Scale (BITSEA) problem and competency scores. The parenting style of group 1 revealed that they had higher scores on the Parenting Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) subscale 5 (excessive discipline) (39.6 vs. 32.1; p=0.02). Mother-toddler interaction and attachment security were found to be similar in fullterm and moderately preterm healthy toddlers. Our findings suggest that not the preterm birth itself but the medical, developmental, and/or neurological consequences of prematurity may affect the mother-toddler interaction. To explore the independent effect of prematurity in mother-toddler dyadic relationship, longitudinally designed studies are warranted.

Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). Phase 2 evaluation report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

Documentation of the activities of the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment during the 1976 Northern Hemisphere crop year is presented. A brief overview of the experiment is included as well as phase two area, yield, and production estimates for the United States Great Plains, Canada, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics spring winter wheat regions. The accuracies of these estimates are compared with independent government estimates. Accuracy assessment of the United States Great Plains yardstick region based on a through blind sight analysis is given, and reasons for variations in estimating performance are discussed. Other phase two technical activities including operations, exploratory analysis, reporting, methods of assessment, phase three and advanced system design, technical issues, and developmental activities are also included.

Sex steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globulin levels, CYP17 MSP AI (-34T:C) and CYP19 codon 39 (Trp:Arg) variants in children with developmental stuttering.

PubMed

Mohammadi, Hiwa; Joghataei, Mohammad Taghi; Rahimi, Zohreh; Faghihi, Faezeh; Khazaie, Habibolah; Farhangdoost, Hashem; Mehrpour, Masoud

2017-12-01

Developmental stuttering is known to be a sexually dimorphic and male-biased speech motor control disorder. In the present case-control study, we investigated the relationship between developmental stuttering and steroid hormones. Serum levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), oestradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), as well as the 2nd/4th digit ratio (2D:4D), an indicator of prenatal testosterone level, were compared between children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS). Moreover, two SNPs (CYP17 -34 T:C (MSP AI) and CYP19 T:C (Trp:Arg)) of cytochrome P450, which is involved in steroid metabolism pathways, were analysed between the groups. Our results showed significantly higher levels of testosterone, DHT, and oestradiol in CWS in comparison with CWNS. The severity of stuttering was positively correlated with the serum levels of testosterone, DHEA, and cortisol, whereas no association was seen between the stuttering and digit ratio, progesterone, or SHBG. The CYP17CC genotype was significantly associated with the disorder. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Thought-action fusion in childhood: measurement, development, and association with anxiety, rituals and other compulsive-like behaviors.

PubMed

Evans, David W; Hersperger, Chelsea; Capaldi, Philip A

2011-02-01

A new inventory assessing thought-action fusion (TAF) in children is presented. We explore the psychometric properties of this instrument and examine the associations between TAF, ritualistic and compulsive-like behavior (CLB) and anxiety. Three hundred thirteen children ages 7-14 (M = 10.16, SD = 1.92) representing six grades (grouped into three grade levels (grades 2-3, 4-5, and 6-7) completed the Thought-action Fusion Inventory for Children (TAFIC) and the Child Revised Manifest Anxiety Scale. One hundred thirty-five parents or guardians completed the Childhood Routines Inventory. Results revealed high internal consistency in the TAFIC (Cronbach's α = .92). TAF scores changed with age: Older children reported less TAF than younger children. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that: (1) physiological anxiety predicted CLB in early childhood; (2) TAF predicted CLB in older children. Consistent with structural developmental theories, TAF changes throughout development, but plays a role in the normative regulation of affective states, as well as in the development of ritualistic compulsive like behavior in children.

Validity and Reliability of the "Behavior Problems Inventory," the "Aberrant Behavior Checklist," and the "Repetitive Behavior Scale--Revised" among Infants and Toddlers at Risk for Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: A Multi-Method Assessment Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rojahn, Johannes; Schroeder, Stephen R.; Mayo-Ortega, Liliana; Oyama-Ganiko, Rosao; LeBlanc, Judith; Marquis, Janet; Berke, Elizabeth

2013-01-01

Reliable and valid assessment of aberrant behaviors is essential in empirically verifying prevention and intervention for individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD). Few instruments exist which assess behavior problems in infants. The current longitudinal study examined the performance of three behavior-rating scales for…

[Development Inventory as a Diagnosis Tool in Children with Participation Difficulties in School Activities].

PubMed

María, Helena Rubio G

2012-03-01

In recent years, evidence regarding acquisition of skills or critic behaviors for school performance has increased though there it is not conclusive in terms of the effectiveness in class participation. The purpose is to define the elements implicated in the acquisition of such skills or critical behaviors and describe them from the perspective of school activities involving participation. Descriptive, observational study with a sample of 28 preschool and primary school students during September 2008 and March 2009 at a public institution in the city of Cali, Colombia. The procedure was the identification of child performance capabilities using Battell's developmental inventory to describe afterwards the repercussions on student's participation in school activities. 61.5% of the children show motor difficulties; 56% exhibit socio and personal difficulties, while 46.2% reveal adaptive difficulties. These areas are fundamental for school participation in the different activities. These children have not developed the ability for an integrated control of their muscles. They also exhibit difficulties regarding social interactions and regarding the skills necessary in the performance of daily activities. The results found in this study suggest the need to enhance the study on the relevance to develop motor, personal-social, and adaptive skills in cooperation with developmental professionals. It is necessary to know and learn strategies in cooperation with the developmental professionals. Copyright © 2012 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Language Impairment Resulting from a de novo Deletion of 7q32.1q33.

PubMed

Jiménez-Romero, María S; Barcos-Martínez, Montserrat; Espejo-Portero, Isabel; Benítez-Burraco, Antonio

2016-10-01

We report on a girl who presents with hearing loss, behavioral disturbances (according to the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning) as well as motor and cognitive delay (according to Battelle Developmental Inventories) which have a significant impact on her speech and language abilities [according to the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (ed 3), and the Prueba de Lenguaje Oral de Navarra-Revisada (Navarra Oral Language Test, Revised)]. Five copy number variations (CNVs) were identified in the child: arr[hg18] 7q32.1q33(127109685-132492196)×1, 8p23.1(7156900-7359099) ×1, 15q13.1(26215673-26884937)×1, Xp22.33(17245- 102434)×3, and Xp22.33(964441-965024)×3. The pathogenicity of similar CNVs is mostly reported as unknown. The largest deletion is found in a hot spot for cognitive disease and language impairment and contains several genes involved in brain development and function, many of which have been related to developmental disorders encompassing language deficits (dyslexia, speech-sound disorder, and autism). Some of these genes interact with FOXP2 . The proband's phenotype may result from a reduced expression of some of these genes.

Language Impairment Resulting from a de novo Deletion of 7q32.1q33

PubMed Central

Jiménez-Romero, María S.; Barcos-Martínez, Montserrat; Espejo-Portero, Isabel; Benítez-Burraco, Antonio

2016-01-01

We report on a girl who presents with hearing loss, behavioral disturbances (according to the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning) as well as motor and cognitive delay (according to Battelle Developmental Inventories) which have a significant impact on her speech and language abilities [according to the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (ed 3), and the Prueba de Lenguaje Oral de Navarra-Revisada (Navarra Oral Language Test, Revised)]. Five copy number variations (CNVs) were identified in the child: arr[hg18] 7q32.1q33(127109685-132492196)×1, 8p23.1(7156900-7359099) ×1, 15q13.1(26215673-26884937)×1, Xp22.33(17245- 102434)×3, and Xp22.33(964441-965024)×3. The pathogenicity of similar CNVs is mostly reported as unknown. The largest deletion is found in a hot spot for cognitive disease and language impairment and contains several genes involved in brain development and function, many of which have been related to developmental disorders encompassing language deficits (dyslexia, speech-sound disorder, and autism). Some of these genes interact with FOXP2. The proband's phenotype may result from a reduced expression of some of these genes. PMID:27867345

Daily Flow Model of the Delaware River Basin. Main Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

DATE U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia Sept. 1981 2nd & Chestnut Sts. 13. NUMBER OF PAGES Philadelphia, PA 19106 144 p . 14. MONITORING AGENCY...VOLMEI FOR I DEVELOPMENTE OF A AIYRFLOW MODEL ( O T1 I "I I I. ~ p ~ ---- I i I TABLE OF CONTENTS I Page No. LIST OF FIGURES iii LIST OF TABLES vi I...Sample Duration Table from Program A969 111-35 111-19 Sample Low Flow Table from Program A969 111-38 111-20 Sample Log- P .?arson Low Flow Frequency

Rule-based land use/land cover classification in coastal areas using seasonal remote sensing imagery: a case study from Lianyungang City, China.

PubMed

Yang, Xiaoyan; Chen, Longgao; Li, Yingkui; Xi, Wenjia; Chen, Longqian

2015-07-01

Land use/land cover (LULC) inventory provides an important dataset in regional planning and environmental assessment. To efficiently obtain the LULC inventory, we compared the LULC classifications based on single satellite imagery with a rule-based classification based on multi-seasonal imagery in Lianyungang City, a coastal city in China, using CBERS-02 (the 2nd China-Brazil Environmental Resource Satellites) images. The overall accuracies of the classification based on single imagery are 78.9, 82.8, and 82.0% in winter, early summer, and autumn, respectively. The rule-based classification improves the accuracy to 87.9% (kappa 0.85), suggesting that combining multi-seasonal images can considerably improve the classification accuracy over any single image-based classification. This method could also be used to analyze seasonal changes of LULC types, especially for those associated with tidal changes in coastal areas. The distribution and inventory of LULC types with an overall accuracy of 87.9% and a spatial resolution of 19.5 m can assist regional planning and environmental assessment efficiently in Lianyungang City. This rule-based classification provides a guidance to improve accuracy for coastal areas with distinct LULC temporal spectral features.

Developmental and functional outcomes in children with global developmental delay or developmental language impairment.

PubMed

Shevell, Michael; Majnemer, Annette; Platt, Robert W; Webster, Richard; Birnbaum, Rena

2005-10-01

Preschool children diagnosed with either global developmental delay (GDD) or developmental language impairment (DLI) were reassessed during their early school years with standardized developmental (Battelle Developmental Inventory [BDI]) and functional (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale [VABS]) outcome measures. Of an original cohort of 99 children with GDD and 70 children with DLI assessed and diagnosed at a mean age of 3 years 5 months (SD 1.1) and 3 years 7 months (SD 0.7) respectively, 48 children (34 [71%] males) with GDD and 43 children (36 [84%] males) with DLI were reassessed at a mean age of 7 years 4 months (SD 0.9) and 7 years 5 months (SD 0.7) respectively. The overall total mean BDI score for children with GDD was 66.4 (SD 4.3) versus 71.9 (SD 8.2) for children with DLI (p=0.002). On each subdomain of the BDI, except communication, mean scores for the GDD group were significantly lower than for the DLI group (p<0.05). Similarly, the VABS total score for the GDD group was significantly lower than for the DLI group (p<0.001). For each subdomain of the VABS, the GDD group scored significantly lower than the DLI group (p<0.001). The proportion of children falling below meaningful cut-offs on the outcome measures selected was significantly higher for those initially diagnosed with GDD. Preschool diagnosis of either GDD or DLI has later prognostic validity with regard to persisting developmental and functional deficits.

Cross-Cultural Strategies for Improving the Teaching, Training, and Mentoring Skills of Military Transition Team Advisors

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

teaching— both in the classroom as well as field-based and individualized contexts. The developmental psychologist Jean Piaget is credited with the phrase...sponsor new theory and research in intercultural development . Bennett has been active in the intercultural field since 1967. Bennett and Hammer are well...known for their work with the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) and the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI).    4

An Improved Version of the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) Method for the Assessment of Mandibular Growth in Deutero-Malay Sub Race

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oscandar, Fahmi; Malinda, Yuti; Azhari, H.; Murniati, Nani; Yeh Ong, Sing; Subiyanto; Supian, Sudradjat

2018-01-01

In this paper, Cervical Vertebral Maturation method was used to assess the mandibular growth in Deutero-Malay sub race. Twenty eight laterals Cephalometric radiographs of Deutero-Malay sub race aged 9-15 were observed. The observation used stratified random sampling by measuring the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the 2nd through 4th cervical vertebra of the subjects. It produced the diagram of developmental stages of cervical vertebrae for Deutero-Malay sub race. The diagram can be used to determine mandibular growth in term of qualitative by matching the shape of cervical vertebrae. It was obtained that the Cervical Vertebral Maturation method can be used to assess mandibular growth in Deutero-Malay sub race by matching the shape of cervical vertebrae to the diagram of developmental stages of cervical vertebrae. In addition, Cervical Vertebral Maturation method can be used to identification person’s age.

Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale-Developmental Disability (CAPES-DD): First psychometric evaluation of a new child and parenting assessment tool for children with a developmental disability.

PubMed

Emser, Theresa S; Mazzucchelli, Trevor G; Christiansen, Hanna; Sanders, Matthew R

2016-01-01

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale-Developmental Disability (CAPES-DD), a brief inventory for assessing emotional and behavioral problems of children with developmental disabilities aged 2- to 16-years, as well as caregivers' self-efficacy in managing these problems. A sample of 636 parents participated in the study. Children's ages ranged from 2 to 15. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 21-item, three-factor model of CAPES-DD child adjustment with 13 items describing behavioral (10 items) and emotional (3 items) problems and 8 items describing prosocial behavior. Three additional items were included due to their clinical usefulness and contributed to a Total Problem Score. Factor analyses also supported a 16-item, one factor model of CAPES-DD self-efficacy. Psychometric evaluation of the CAPES-DD revealed scales had satisfactory to very good internal consistency, as well as very good convergent and predictive validity. The instrument is to be in the public domain and free for practitioners and researchers to use. Potential uses of the measure and implications for future validation studies are discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Book of Abstracts from the MORS Symposium (62nd) Held in Colorado Springs, Colorado

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-01

34Med poin detector roles, wil be addressed. Abstract amt available. Dr. Willim Christiansen Louis Douingusa, Randall Parish, Fernando, Pens, Susan...Costs: Air Force Methodology Army Reserve Component Inventory Projection Daniel L. Leighton Herb Shukiar SRA Corporation RAND 1777 NE Loop 410, Suite...35, 52 Chevalier, William J ...................... 80 Behymer, Maj Bill ..................... 53 Christiansen , William

Navigating a Strange Culture: Nurturing New English Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seo, Kyounghee; Hoover, John H.

2009-01-01

Goodlad's notion of "nurturing pedagogy" suggests that it is an educator's responsibility to provide an environment that encourages learning and values each student as "capable of learning"(Goodlad, n.d.) by accounting for student interests, their well being, and developmental levels. Not to be overlooked is the need to provide high-quality…

Effects of a parent-implemented Developmental Reciprocity Treatment Program for children with autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Gengoux, Grace W; Schapp, Salena; Burton, Sarah; Ardel, Christina M; Libove, Robin A; Baldi, Gina; Berquist, Kari L; Phillips, Jennifer M; Hardan, Antonio Y

2018-05-01

Developmental approaches to autism treatment aim to establish strong interpersonal relationships through joint play. These approaches have emerging empirical support; however, there is a need for further research documenting the procedures and demonstrating their effectiveness. This pilot study evaluated changes in parent behavior and child autism symptoms following a 12-week Developmental Reciprocity Treatment parent-training program. A total of 22 children with autism spectrum disorder between 2 and 6 years (mean age = 44.6 months, standard deviation = 12.7) and a primary caregiver participated in 12 weekly sessions of Developmental Reciprocity Treatment parent training, covering topics including introduction to developmental approaches, supporting attention and motivation, sensory regulation and sensory-social routines, imitation/building nonverbal communication, functional language development, and turn taking. Results indicated improvement in aspects of parent empowerment and social quality of life. Improvement in core autism symptoms was observed on the Social Responsiveness Scale total score (F(1,19): 5.550, p = 0.029), MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories number of words produced out of 680 (F(1,18): 18.104, p = 0.000), and two subscales of the Repetitive Behavior Scale, Revised (compulsive, p = 0.046 and restricted, p = 0.025). No differences in sensory sensitivity were observed on the Short Sensory Profile. Findings from this pilot study indicate that Developmental Reciprocity Treatment shows promise and suggest the need for future controlled trials of this developmentally based intervention.

Refining the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Patient-Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) item candidates: interpretation of a self-reported outcome measure of functional performance by young people with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

PubMed

Kramer, Jessica M; Schwartz, Ariel

2017-10-01

This study examined the item interpretability and rating scale use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Patient-Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) by young people with developmental disabilities. The PEDI-PRO assesses the functional performance of discrete functional tasks in the context of everyday life situations. A two-phase cognitive interview design was implemented with a convenience sample of 37 young people (mean age 19y, SD 2y 5mo; 13 males and 24 females; 68% with intellectual disability) with developmental disabilities. In phase I, 182 item candidates were each reviewed by an average of four young people. In phase II, 103 items were carried forward or revised and each reviewed by an average of seven additional young people. Two raters coded responses for intended item interpretation and performance quality; codes were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative analysis explored young people's self-evaluation process. Items were interpreted as intended by most young people (mean 86%). Young people can use PEDI-PRO response categories appropriately to describe their performance: 94% of positive performance descriptions coincided with a positive response category choice; 73% of negative descriptions coincided with a negative response category choice. Young people interpreted items in a literal manner, and their self-evaluation incorporated the use of supports that facilitate functional performance. The PEDI-PRO's measurement framework appears to support the self-evaluation of functional performance of young people with developmental disabilities. © 2017 Mac Keith Press.

Characterization of Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae) Transcriptome from Different Developmental Stages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Caihong; Tek Tay, Wee; Feng, Hongqiang; Wang, Ying; Hu, Yongmin; Li, Guoping

2015-06-01

Adelphocoris suturalis is one of the most serious pest insects of Bt cotton in China, however its molecular genetics, biochemistry and physiology are poorly understood. We used high throughput sequencing platform to perform de novo transcriptome assembly and gene expression analyses across different developmental stages (eggs, 2nd and 5th instar nymphs, female and male adults). We obtained 20 GB of clean data and revealed 88,614 unigenes, including 23,830 clusters and 64,784 singletons. These unigene sequences were annotated and classified by Gene Ontology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. A large number of differentially expressed genes were discovered through pairwise comparisons between these developmental stages. Gene expression profiles were dramatically different between life stage transitions, with some of these most differentially expressed genes being associated with sex difference, metabolism and development. Quantitative real-time PCR results confirm deep-sequencing findings based on relative expression levels of nine randomly selected genes. Furthermore, over 791,390 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 2,682 potential simple sequence repeats were identified. Our study provided comprehensive transcriptional gene expression information for A. suturalis that will form the basis to better understanding of development pathways, hormone biosynthesis, sex differences and wing formation in mirid bugs.

Characterization of Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae) Transcriptome from Different Developmental Stages

PubMed Central

Tian, Caihong; Tek Tay, Wee; Feng, Hongqiang; Wang, Ying; Hu, Yongmin; Li, Guoping

2015-01-01

Adelphocoris suturalis is one of the most serious pest insects of Bt cotton in China, however its molecular genetics, biochemistry and physiology are poorly understood. We used high throughput sequencing platform to perform de novo transcriptome assembly and gene expression analyses across different developmental stages (eggs, 2nd and 5th instar nymphs, female and male adults). We obtained 20 GB of clean data and revealed 88,614 unigenes, including 23,830 clusters and 64,784 singletons. These unigene sequences were annotated and classified by Gene Ontology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. A large number of differentially expressed genes were discovered through pairwise comparisons between these developmental stages. Gene expression profiles were dramatically different between life stage transitions, with some of these most differentially expressed genes being associated with sex difference, metabolism and development. Quantitative real-time PCR results confirm deep-sequencing findings based on relative expression levels of nine randomly selected genes. Furthermore, over 791,390 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 2,682 potential simple sequence repeats were identified. Our study provided comprehensive transcriptional gene expression information for A. suturalis that will form the basis to better understanding of development pathways, hormone biosynthesis, sex differences and wing formation in mirid bugs. PMID:26047353

Is desire for social relationships mediated by the serotonergic system in the prefrontal cortex? An [(18)F]setoperone PET study.

PubMed

Gerretsen, Philip; Graff-Guerrero, Ariel; Menon, Mahesh; Pollock, Bruce G; Kapur, Shitij; Vasdev, Neil; Houle, Sylvain; Mamo, David

2010-01-01

Social behavior and desire for social relationships have been independently linked to the serotonergic system, the prefrontal cortex, especially the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The goal of this study was to explore the role of serotonin 5HT(2A) receptors in these brain regions in forming and maintaining close interpersonal relationships. Twenty-four healthy subjects completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) prior to undergoing [(18)F]setoperone brain positron emission tomography (PET) to measure serotonin 5HT(2A) receptor availability within the OFC (BA 11 and 47) and ACC (BA 32). We explored the relationship between desire for social relationships, as measured by the TCI reward dependence (RD) scale, and 5HT(2A) receptor non-displaceable binding potential (BP(nd)) in these regions. Scores of RD were negatively correlated with 5HT(2A) BP(nd) in the ACC (BA 32, r = -.528, p = .012) and OFC (BA 11, r = -.489, p = .021; BA 47, r = -.501, p = .017). These correlations were corroborated by a voxel-wise analysis. These results suggest that the serotonergic system may have a regulatory effect on the OFC and ACC for establishing and maintaining social relationships.

Intelligence quotient discrepancy indicates levels of motor competence in preschool children at risk for developmental delays.

PubMed

Yu, Tzu-Ying; Chen, Kuan-Lin; Chou, Willy; Yang, Shu-Han; Kung, Sheng-Chun; Lee, Ya-Chen; Tung, Li-Chen

2016-01-01

This study aimed to establish 1) whether a group difference exists in the motor competence of preschool children at risk for developmental delays with intelligence quotient discrepancy (IQD; refers to difference between verbal intelligence quotient [VIQ] and performance intelligence quotient [PIQ]) and 2) whether an association exists between IQD and motor competence. Children's motor competence and IQD were determined with the motor subtests of the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence™ - Fourth Edition. A total of 291 children were included in three groups: NON-IQD (n=213; IQD within 1 standard deviation [SD]), VIQ>PIQ (n=39; VIQ>PIQ greater than 1 SD), and PIQ>VIQ (n=39; PIQ>VIQ greater than 1 SD). The results of one-way analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the subgroups for the "Gross and fine motor" subdomains of the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers, especially on the subtests of "body-movement coordination" (F=3.87, P<0.05) and "visual-motor coordination" (F=6.90, P<0.05). Motor competence was significantly worse in the VIQ>PIQ group than in the NON and PIQ>VIQ groups. Significant negative correlations between IQD and most of the motor subtests (r=0.31-0.46, P<0.01) were found only in the VIQ>PIQ group. This study demonstrates that 1) IQD indicates the level of motor competence in preschoolers at risk for developmental delays and 2) IQD is negatively associated with motor competence in preschoolers with significant VIQ>PIQ discrepancy. The first finding was that preschoolers with VIQ>PIQ discrepancy greater than 1 SD performed significantly worse on motor competence than did preschoolers without significant IQD and preschoolers with PIQ>VIQ discrepancy greater than 1 SD. However, preschoolers with significant PIQ>VIQ discrepancy performed better on motor competence than did preschoolers without significant IQD, though the difference was not statistically significant. The second finding was that preschoolers with larger VIQ>PIQ discrepancy had worse motor competence in visual-motor integration and body-movement coordination. Professionals should pay attention to the motor development of children with VIQ>PIQ discrepancy and evaluate children's IQD along with their motor competence.

Intelligence quotient discrepancy indicates levels of motor competence in preschool children at risk for developmental delays

PubMed Central

Yu, Tzu-Ying; Chen, Kuan-Lin; Chou, Willy; Yang, Shu-Han; Kung, Sheng-Chun; Lee, Ya-Chen; Tung, Li-Chen

2016-01-01

Purpose This study aimed to establish 1) whether a group difference exists in the motor competence of preschool children at risk for developmental delays with intelligence quotient discrepancy (IQD; refers to difference between verbal intelligence quotient [VIQ] and performance intelligence quotient [PIQ]) and 2) whether an association exists between IQD and motor competence. Methods Children’s motor competence and IQD were determined with the motor subtests of the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence™ – Fourth Edition. A total of 291 children were included in three groups: NON-IQD (n=213; IQD within 1 standard deviation [SD]), VIQ>PIQ (n=39; VIQ>PIQ greater than 1 SD), and PIQ>VIQ (n=39; PIQ>VIQ greater than 1 SD). Results The results of one-way analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the subgroups for the “Gross and fine motor” subdomains of the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers, especially on the subtests of “body-movement coordination” (F=3.87, P<0.05) and “visual-motor coordination” (F=6.90, P<0.05). Motor competence was significantly worse in the VIQ>PIQ group than in the NON and PIQ>VIQ groups. Significant negative correlations between IQD and most of the motor subtests (r=0.31–0.46, P<0.01) were found only in the VIQ>PIQ group. Conclusion This study demonstrates that 1) IQD indicates the level of motor competence in preschoolers at risk for developmental delays and 2) IQD is negatively associated with motor competence in preschoolers with significant VIQ>PIQ discrepancy. The first finding was that preschoolers with VIQ>PIQ discrepancy greater than 1 SD performed significantly worse on motor competence than did preschoolers without significant IQD and preschoolers with PIQ>VIQ discrepancy greater than 1 SD. However, preschoolers with significant PIQ>VIQ discrepancy performed better on motor competence than did preschoolers without significant IQD, though the difference was not statistically significant. The second finding was that preschoolers with larger VIQ>PIQ discrepancy had worse motor competence in visual-motor integration and body-movement coordination. Professionals should pay attention to the motor development of children with VIQ>PIQ discrepancy and evaluate children’s IQD along with their motor competence. PMID:27013876

Improving the utility of the fine motor skills subscale of the comprehensive developmental inventory for infants and toddlers: a computerized adaptive test.

PubMed

Huang, Chien-Yu; Tung, Li-Chen; Chou, Yeh-Tai; Chou, Willy; Chen, Kuan-Lin; Hsieh, Ching-Lin

2017-07-27

This study aimed at improving the utility of the fine motor subscale of the comprehensive developmental inventory for infants and toddlers (CDIIT) by developing a computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills. We built an item bank for the computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills using the fine motor subscale of the CDIIT items fitting the Rasch model. We also examined the psychometric properties and efficiency of the computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills with simulated computerized adaptive tests. Data from 1742 children with suspected developmental delays were retrieved. The mean scores of the fine motor subscale of the CDIIT increased along with age groups (mean scores = 1.36-36.97). The computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills contains 31 items meeting the Rasch model's assumptions (infit mean square = 0.57-1.21, outfit mean square = 0.11-1.17). For children of 6-71 months, the computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills had high Rasch person reliability (average reliability >0.90), high concurrent validity (rs = 0.67-0.99), adequate to excellent diagnostic accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic = 0.71-1.00), and large responsiveness (effect size = 1.05-3.93). The computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills used 48-84% fewer items than the fine motor subscale of the CDIIT. The computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills used fewer items for assessment but was as reliable and valid as the fine motor subscale of the CDIIT. Implications for Rehabilitation We developed a computerized adaptive test based on the comprehensive developmental inventory for infants and toddlers (CDIIT) for assessing fine motor skills. The computerized adaptive test has been shown to be efficient because it uses fewer items than the original measure and automatically presents the results right after the test is completed. The computerized adaptive test is as reliable and valid as the CDIIT.

Should We Be Anxious When Assessing Anxiety Using the Beck Anxiety Inventory in Clinical Insomnia Patients?

PubMed Central

Carney, Colleen E.; Moss, Taryn G.; Harris, Andrea L.; Edinger, Jack D.; Krystal, Andrew D.

2011-01-01

Assessing for clinical levels of anxiety is crucial, as comorbid insomnias far outnumber primary insomnias (PI). Such assessment is complex since those with Anxiety Disorders (AD) and those with PI have overlapping symptoms. Because of this overlap, we need studies that examine the assessment of anxiety in clinical insomnia groups. Participants (N = 207) were classified as having insomnia: 1) without an anxiety disorder (I-ND), or 2) with an anxiety disorder (I-AD). Mean Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) item responses were compared using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and follow-up ANOVAs. As a validity check, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine if the BAI suggested clinical cutoff was valid for identifying clinical levels of anxiety in this comorbid patient group. The I-ND had lower mean BAI scores than I-AD. There were significant group differences on 12 BAI items. The ROC curve analysis revealed the suggested BAI cutoff (≥16) had 55% sensitivity and 78% specificity. Although anxiety scores were highest in those with insomnia and an anxiety disorder, those with insomnia only had scores in the mild range for anxiety. Nine items did not distinguish between those insomnia sufferers with and without an anxiety disorder. Additionally, published cutoffs for the BAI were not optimal for identifying anxiety disorders in those with insomnia. Such limitations must be considered before using this measure in insomnia patient groups. In addition, the poor specificity and high number of overlapping symptoms between insomnia and anxiety highlight the diagnostic challenges facing clinicians. PMID:21482427

Hill AFB, Utah Installation Restoration Program. Phase IIB, IRP Survey. Volume 1. Text. Volume 2. Appendices

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-11

5 EPA 625 . Endosulfan sulfate wg/L 5 EPA 625 Chlordane pg/L * Toxaphene Pg/L * Acid Extractable Detection Analytical Compound Units Limit Method...ND ND ND ND 4,4’-DDT 5 ND ND ND ND Endosuif an sulfate 5 ND ND ND ND Chlordane* Toxa phene* Detection Acid Extractable Compound Limit M4-2 M4-6 14-9 Ge...Endosulfan sulfate 5 ND ND Chlordane * Toxaphene * Detection Acid Extractable Compound Limit BPM-1 BPM-2 2-Chlorophenol 2 ND ND 2-Nitrophenol 2 ND ND

Development of the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI).

PubMed

Rhea, D J; Lantz, C D; Cornelius, A E

2004-12-01

The development of the 6-factor, 27-item Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI) was based on Lantz et al. proposed model of characteristics associated with Muscle Dysmorphia. quantitative procedures including item-to-total correlations, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and structure equation modeling confirmed the construct validity of the scale. Convergent validity was also tested. bodybuilding and powerlifting competition venues, weight training facilities, and university athletic venues. the 1(st) study consisted of 77 experienced male free weight lifters. The 2(nd) study consisted of 156 male non-competitive bodybuilders and weight lifters and 168 elite level powerlifters and bodybuilders. The 3(rd) study consisted of 151 male and female bodybuilders and weight lifters. each participant completed demographic information, the MDI, Drive for Thinness subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory, and the Training Dependency subscale of the Bodybuilding Dependence Scale. Reliability estimates (Cronbach's a) ranged from 0.72 to 0.94. Factor loadings in all 3 studies supported the 6-factor structure (size/symmetry, supplement use, exercise dependence, pharmacological use, dietary behavior, and physique protection). Much of the scale validation was focused on construct validity, however, correlations with the MDI's subscales and the Training Dependency subscale of the Bodybuilding Dependence Scale and the Drive for Thinness subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory provided evidence of convergent validity also. From these preliminary results, the MDI appears to contribute to the identification of a newly formed disorder by offering a multi-dimensional measure of factors related to Muscle Dysmorphia.

Validity of the fine motor area of the 12-month ages and stages questionnaire in infants following major surgery.

PubMed

Smith, Cally; Wallen, Margaret; Walker, Karen; Bundy, Anita; Rolinson, Rachel; Badawi, Nadia

2012-08-01

The Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) are parent-report screening tools to identify infants at risk of developmental difficulties. The purpose of this study was to examine validity and internal reliability of the fine motor developmental area of the ASQ, 2nd edition (ASQ2-FM) for screening 12-month-old infants following major surgery. The ASQ2-FM was completed by caregivers of 74 infants who had cardiac surgery in the first 90 days of life, 104 infants who had noncardiac surgery in the first 90 days of life, and a control group of 154 infants. The Rasch item response analysis revealed that the ASQ2-FM had poor ability to discriminate among levels of fine motor ability. Sensitivity was poor (20%) and specificity was good (98%) when compared with the scores for the fine motor subscale of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. The ASQ2-FM under-identified infants at risk for fine motor delay; internal reliability and construct validity do not support use as a screening tool of fine motor development of infants aged 12 months who have undergone major surgery.

Psychometric evaluation of the Theory of Mind Inventory (ToMI): a study of typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Hutchins, Tiffany L; Prelock, Patricia A; Bonazinga, Laura

2012-03-01

Two studies examined the psychometric properties of the Theory of Mind Inventory (ToMI). In Study One, 135 caregivers completed the ToMI for children (ages 3 through 17) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Findings revealed excellent test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Principle Components Analysis revealed three subscales related to the complexity of ToM understanding. In Study Two, data were collected for 124 typically developing children (2 through 12 years). Findings again revealed excellent test-retest and internal consistency. The ToMI distinguished groups by age (younger vs. older children) and developmental status (typically developing vs. ASD), and predicted child performance on a ToM task battery. Utility of the ToMI, study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Predictors of the health-related quality of life of Chinese people with major neurocognitive disorders and their caregivers: The roles of self-esteem and caregiver's burden.

PubMed

Young, Daniel Kim-Wan; Ng, Petrus Yat-Nam; Kwok, Timothy

2017-12-01

The present research study aimed to identify and compare the clinical and non-clinical factors that predict the self-reported and proxy-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with major neurocognitive disorder (PwND) who are living at home in a Chinese society. A total of 57 Chinese PwND-family caregiver dyads that were using the services of local senior centers were recruited through a cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling. Each PwND and caregiver rated the PwND's HRQoL independently by using the Quality of Life-Alzheimer's disease measure. Additional measures included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Index for Managing Memory Loss, Geriatric Depression Scale, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia and Zarit Burden Inventory. The results of hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses showed that the PwND's self-rated HRQoL and caregiver-rated HRQoL were found to be predicted by different clinical and non-clinical variables. In particular, the self-esteem of PwND had the highest predictive power for the self-rated HRQoL, whereas the caregiver burden is the only significant predictor for the caregiver-rated HRQoL. In the present study, the self-esteem of PwND and the caregiver's burden were found to be important factors predicting self-rated HRQoL and caregiver-rated HRQoL respectively, which is probably because of the influence of traditional Chinese cultural values. Thus, it is important for non-pharmacological interventions to address these special needs to promote HRQoL for this population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2319-2328. © 2017 Japan Geriatrics Society.

Childrearing practices and developmental expectations for Mexican-American mothers and the developmental status of their infants.

PubMed

Kolobe, Thubi H A

2004-05-01

The impact of parent education programs on early intervention programs is not thought to be uniform among children from majority and minority populations. This study examined the relationship between maternal childrearing practices and behaviors and the developmental status of Mexican-American infants. Participants were 62 Mexican-American mother-infant pairs. The infants' mean adjusted age was 12 months (SD=1.7, range=9-14). A third of the children were diagnosed with developmental delays and referred for early intervention by physicians or therapists when the children received their medical follow-up. The group was stratified according to socioeconomic status and acculturation using the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics. This scale uses cutoff points to classify individuals into 3 levels of acculturation. Information on childrearing practices and behaviors was gathered using the Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC), the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory, and the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS). Infants' developmental status was assessed by use of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II). The Pearson product moment correlation, partial correlations, Fisher z transformation, and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between childrearing practices and parenting behaviors, demographic factors, and infants' developmental status. Maternal nurturing behaviors, parent-child interaction, and quality of the home environment were positively correlated with the infants' cognitive development. Maternal years of education modified the observed relationship between PBC and BSID II scores but not the observed relationship between HOME Inventory and NCATS scores. The childrearing practices, maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and age, and infants' gestational age at birth (GA) explained 45% of the variance in infants' cognitive scores. The infants' GA, maternal SES and age, and NCATS scores accounted for 32% of the motor scores on the BSID II. The findings partially support a link between aspects of the mothers' childrearing behaviors and their infants' cognitive developmental status. For motor developmental status, the association appeared stronger with the infants' characteristics than with maternal childrearing practices and behaviors tested in this study.

Performance of 2-year-old children after early surgery for congenital heart disease on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition.

PubMed

Long, Suzanne H; Galea, Mary P; Eldridge, Beverley J; Harris, Susan R

2012-08-01

Previous research on developmental outcomes of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) has shown delays in both cognitive and motor skills. To describe outcomes on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III) for infants with CHD and to compare those findings to published results for similar samples of infants assessed on the 2nd edition of the Bayley Scales (BSID-II). Prospective cohort. Of 50 infants with CHD who participated in this longitudinal study (2006-2008) at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, 47 were assessed on the Bayley-III (median age=24.5 months), administered by a psychologist or neonatologist. Although neither assessor was blind to the CHD diagnosis, they were unaware of results of previous developmental assessments conducted in this longitudinal study. For the Bayley-III cognitive composite score, 17.0% of infants showed mild delays (1-2 SD below the mean), 2.1% had moderate delays (2-3 SD below the mean), and none had severe delays (greater than 3 SD below the mean). Motor composite scores showed mild delays in 10.9% of infants and moderate delays in 2.2%; none had severe motor delays. These findings differ from study results using the BSID-II in similar infants. The Bayley-III may underestimate developmental delay in 2-year-old children with CHD when compared to results of similar children tested at 12-36 months of age on the BSID-II. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Use of Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis to Distinguish Between Vapor Intrusion and Indoor Sources of VOCs

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-11-01

96-12-8 1,2-Dibromo-3- chloropropane ND 57 ND 5.9 120-82- 1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ND 57 ND 7.7 91-20-3 Naphthalene ND 57 ND 11 87-68-3...0.13 96-12-8 1,2-Dibromo-3- chloropropane ND 0.73 ND 0.076 120-82- 1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ND 0.73 ND 0.098 91-20-3 Naphthalene ND 0.73 ND...9.3 ND 1.5 5989-27-5 d-Limonene ND 46 ND 8.3 96-12-8 1,2-Dibromo-3- chloropropane ND 46 ND 4.8 120-82- 1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ND 46 ND 6.3

Long-Term Developmental Changes in Children's Lower-Order Big Five Personality Facets.

PubMed

de Haan, Amaranta; De Pauw, Sarah; van den Akker, Alithe; Deković, Maja; Prinzie, Peter

2017-10-01

This study examined long-term developmental changes in mother-rated lower-order facets of children's Big Five dimensions. Two independent community samples covering early childhood (2-4.5 years; N = 365, 39% girls) and middle childhood to the end of middle adolescence (6-17 years; N = 579, 50% girls) were used. All children had the Belgian nationality. Developmental changes were examined using cohort-sequential latent growth modeling on the 18 facets of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children. In early childhood, changes were mostly similar across child gender. Between 2 and 4.5 years, several facets showed mean-level stability; others changed in the direction of less Extraversion and Emotional Stability, and more Benevolence and Imagination. The lower-order facets of Conscientiousness showed opposite changes. Gender differences became more apparent from middle childhood onward for facets of all dimensions except Imagination, for which no gender differences were found. Between 6 and 17 years, same-dimension facets showed different shapes of growth. Facets that changed linearly changed mostly in the direction of less Extraversion, Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Imagination. Changes in facets for which nonlinear growth was found generally moved in direction or magnitude during developmental transitions. This study provides comprehensive, fine-grained knowledge about personality development during the first two decades of life. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Installation Restoration Program. Stage 3. Remedial Investigation/ Feasibility Study. Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska. Volume 5. Appendix G

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-01

Pentachloronitrobenzene ND mg/kg 2.5 S P henaceti n NO mg/kg 2- Picoline ND mg/kgI Pronamideh NO mg/kg 2.5I benzene ND mg/kg 2.5 2, 6-Di chi orophenol ND mg/kg 2.5 I...mg/kg 2.5 Pentachloronitrobenzene NO mg/kg 2.5 Phenaceti n ND mg/kg 2.5 2- Picoline ND mg/kg 2.5 Pronamide ND mg/kg 2.5 1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachloro benzene ND...Phenacetin ND mg/kg 2.5 2- Picoline ND mg/kg 2.5 Pronami de ND mg/kg 2.5 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene ND mg/kg 2.5 2, 6-Di chi orophenol ND mg/kg 2.5 2-Methyl

First-Year Athletes' Student Development and Their University Residence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saidla, Debie D.; And Others

1994-01-01

Investigated relationships between aspects of student athletes' psychosocial development and perceptions of university residence environment. Student athletes (n=53) enrolled in first-year orientation class completed Student Developmental Task and Lifestyle Inventory and University Residence Environment Scale. Findings revealed that student…

Progressive obesity alters the steroidogenic response to ovulatory stimulation and increases the abundance of mRNAs stored in the ovulated oocyte.

PubMed

Pohlmeier, William E; Xie, Fang; Kurz, Scott G; Lu, Ningxia; Wood, Jennifer R

2014-08-01

Obese women who are able to attain pregnancy are at increased risk for early-pregnancy loss due, in part, to reduced oocyte quality. We and others have demonstrated that female Lethal Yellow (LY) mice and female C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet (B6-HFD) exhibit phenotypes consistent with human obesity. These studies also showed that zygotes collected from LY and B6-HFD females have reduced developmental competence. The current hypothesis is that LY and B6-HFD females exhibit an abnormal response to gonadotropin stimulation compared to C57BL/6 controls fed normal rodent chow (B6-ND), resulting in the ovulation of oocytes with an altered molecular phenotype which may contribute to its reduced developmental competence. To test this hypothesis, age-matched B6-ND, B6-HFD, and LY females were stimulated with exogenous gonadotropins, then circulating hormone levels and the phenotypes of ovulated oocytes were analyzed. There was no difference in ovulation rate or in the percentage of morphologically abnormal oocytes collected from the oviduct of any females. Progesterone and progesterone/estradiol ratios, however, were increased in B6-HFD and LY compared to B6-ND females 16 hr post-human chorionic gonadotropin treatment. The transcript abundance of several candidate oocyte genes was also increased in B6-HFD- and LY-derived oocytes compared to B6-ND-derived oocytes. These data suggest that increased insulin and leptin levels of obese females elevated circulating progesterone concentrations, altered transcriptional activity during oocyte growth, and/or impaired mechanisms of RNA translation and degradation during oocyte maturation. These changes in mRNA abundance likely contribute to reduced oocyte quality and the subsequent poor embryogenesis associated with obesity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The teratology testing of food additives.

PubMed

Barrow, Paul C; Spézia, François

2013-01-01

The developmental and reproductive toxicity testing (including teratogenicity) of new foods and food additives is performed worldwide according to the guidelines given in the FDA Redbook. These studies are not required for substances that are generally recognized as safe, according to the FDA inventory. The anticipated cumulated human exposure level above which developmental or reproduction studies are required depends on the structure-alert category. For food additives of concern, both developmental (prenatal) and reproduction (multigeneration) studies are required. The developmental studies are performed in two species, usually the rat and the rabbit. The reproduction study is generally performed in the rat. The two rat studies are preferably combined into a single experimental design, if possible. The test methods described in the FDA Redbook are similar to those specified by the OECD for the reproductive toxicity testing of chemicals.

Developmental antecedents of abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors in adolescence.

PubMed

Le Grange, Daniel; O'Connor, Meredith; Hughes, Elizabeth K; Macdonald, Jacqui; Little, Keriann; Olsson, Craig A

2014-11-01

This study capitalizes on developmental data from an Australian population-based birth cohort to identify developmental markers of abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors in adolescence. The aims were twofold: (1) to develop a comprehensive path model identifying infant and childhood developmental correlates of Abnormal Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in adolescence, and (2) to explore potential gender differences. Data were drawn from a 30-year longitudinal study that has followed the health and development of a population based cohort across 15 waves of data collection from infancy since 1983: The Australian Temperament Project. Participants in this analysis were the 1,300 youth who completed the 11th survey at 15-16 years (1998) and who completed the eating disorder inventory at this time point. Developmental correlates of Abnormal Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in mid-adolescence were temperamental persistence, early gestational age, persistent high weight, teen depression, stronger peer relationships, maternal dieting behavior, and pubertal timing. Overall, these factors accounted for 28% of the variance in Abnormal Eating Attitudes and Behaviors at 15-16 years of age. Depressive symptoms, maternal dieting behavior, and early puberty were more important factors for girls. Late puberty was a more important factor for boys. Findings address an important gap in our understanding of the etiology of Abnormal Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in adolescence and suggest multiple targets for preventive intervention. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Word Recognition and Nonword Repetition in Children with Language Disorders: The Effects of Neighborhood Density, Lexical Frequency, and Phonotactic Probability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rispens, Judith; Baker, Anne; Duinmeijer, Iris

2015-01-01

Purpose: The effects of neighborhood density (ND) and lexical frequency on word recognition and the effects of phonotactic probability (PP) on nonword repetition (NWR) were examined to gain insight into processing at the lexical and sublexical levels in typically developing (TD) children and children with developmental language problems. Method:…

Fluorescence Imaging of Posterior Spiracles from Second and Third Instars of Forensically-important Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)*

PubMed Central

Flores, Danielle; Miller, Amy L.; Showman, Angelique; Tobita, Caitlyn; Shimoda, Lori M.N.; Sung, Carl; Stokes, Alexander J.; Tomberlin, Jeffrey K.; Carter, David O.; Turner, Helen

2016-01-01

Entomological protocols for aging blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae to estimate the time of colonization (TOC) are commonly used to assist in death investigations. While the methodologies for analysing fly larvae differ, most rely on light microscopy, genetic analysis or, more rarely, electron microscopy. This pilot study sought to improve resolution of larval stage in the forensically-important blow fly Chrysomya rufifacies using high-content fluorescence microscopy and biochemical measures of developmental marker proteins. We established fixation and mounting protocols, defined a set of measurable morphometric criteria and captured developmental transitions of 2nd instar to 3rd instar using both fluorescence microscopy and anti-ecdysone receptor Western blot analysis. The data show that these instars can be distinguished on the basis of robust, non-bleaching, autofluorescence of larval posterior spiracles. High content imaging techniques using confocal microscopy, combined with morphometric and biochemical techniques, may therefore aid forensic entomologists in estimating TOC. PMID:27706817

Varied Presentation of Congenital Segmental Dilatation of the Intestine in Neonates: Report of Three Cases

PubMed Central

Rai, Binod Kumar; Mirza, Bilal; Hashim, Imran; Saleem, Muhammad

2016-01-01

Congenital segmental dilatation (CSD) of the intestine is a rare developmental anomaly characterized by sharply demarcated dilatation of a gastrointestinal segment and may present with intestinal obstruction. We report three cases of CSD of the intestine in neonates with varied presentation. First patient was mistaken as pneumoperitoneum on abdominal radiograph, which led to initial abdominal drain placement. The 2nd patient was a case of anorectal malformation associated with congenital pouch colon (CPC) and CSD of ileum; and the third case presented as neonatal intestinal obstruction and found to have CSD of ileum. All the patients were successfully managed in our department. PMID:27896163

Validation of the Contextual Assessment Inventory for Problem Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carr, Edward G.; Ladd, Mara V.; Schulte, Christine F.

2008-01-01

Problem behavior is a major barrier to successful community integration for people with developmental disabilities. Recently, there has been increased interest in identifying contextual factors involving setting events and discriminative stimuli that impact the display of problem behavior. The authors previously developed the "Contextual…

The DSM-5 Trait Measure in a Psychiatric Sample of Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Structure, Reliability, and Validity.

PubMed

De Caluwé, Elien; Verbeke, Lize; van Aken, Marcel; van der Heijden, Paul T; De Clercq, Barbara

2018-02-22

The inclusion of a dimensional trait model of personality pathology in DSM-5 creates new opportunities for research on developmental antecedents of personality pathology. The traits of this model can be measured with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), initially developed for adults, but also demonstrating validity in adolescents. The present study adds to the growing body of literature on the psychometrics of the PID-5, by examining its structure, validity, and reliability in 187 psychiatric-referred late adolescents and emerging adults. PID-5, Big Five Inventory, and Kidscreen self-reports were provided, and 88 non-clinical matched controls completed the PID-5. Results confirm the PID-5's five-factor structure, indicate adequate psychometric properties, and underscore the construct and criterion validity, showing meaningful associations with adaptive traits and quality of life. Results are discussed in terms of the PID-5's applicability in vulnerable populations who are going through important developmental transition phases, such as the step towards early adulthood.

Map showing areas serviced by public water-supply agencies in 1973 Greater Pittsburgh region, southwestern Pennsylvania

USGS Publications Warehouse

Beall, Robert M.

1974-01-01

Urban water planning, development, and management are many sectored, costly efforts, subject to a multitude of controls and demands including those imposed by nature. One primary concern in development is for providing a dependable and safe water supply. In spite of a bountiful natural availability, the process of satisfying consumer needs involves the resolution of a variety of problems, not the least of which are cooperation and coordination among suppliers. One of the fundamental requisites in seeking sound solutions to developmental and environmental problems is inventory documentation. This map is one facet of documentation; the data listing, given on sheet 2, is the companion inventory. These supplement State, regional, and local efforts directed toward both long-range planning and current evaluation programs. Such documentation also assists the assessment of the effect of one water-management subsystem on hydrologic characteristics.

Supplement to the Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Frequency Control (42nd) Held in Baltimore, Maryland on 1-3 June 1988. Subject and Author Index for the Proceedings for the 10th to 42nd Symposia on Frequency Control and Symposium Historical Information, 1946-1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

the AT-Cut - C.R. Tellier 1-38-3 The Growth of High Purity Low 1-40-26 Computer Modeling of Point Defects Dislocation Quartz - A.F. in Quartz - T.M...and Etch Rate in AT, BT, X, and Y-cut Plates - C.R. 1-40-70 Developmental Results for the Tellier Production of High Quality Quartz - J.F. Balascio and...Material in High Simulation of Quartz Crystal Etched Temperature, High Stress Figures - C.R. Tellier , N. Vialle Applications - J.A. Kusters and G.S. and

Comparative toxicities of selected rare earth elements: Sea urchin embryogenesis and fertilization damage with redox and cytogenetic effects.

PubMed

Pagano, Giovanni; Guida, Marco; Siciliano, Antonietta; Oral, Rahime; Koçbaş, Fatma; Palumbo, Anna; Castellano, Immacolata; Migliaccio, Oriana; Thomas, Philippe J; Trifuoggi, Marco

2016-05-01

Broad-ranging adverse effects are known for rare earth elements (REE), yet only a few studies tested the toxicity of several REE, prompting studies focusing on multi-parameter REE toxicity. Trichloride salts of Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd were tested in Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos and sperm for: (1) developmental defects in either REE-exposed larvae or in the offspring of REE-exposed sperm; (2) fertilization success; (3) mitotic anomalies in REE-exposed embryos and in the offspring of REE-exposed sperm, and (4) reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. REEs affected P. lividus larvae with concentration-related increase in developmental defects, 10(-6) to 10(-4)M, ranking as: Gd(III)>Y(III)>La(III)>Nd(III)≅Eu(III)>Ce(III)≅Sm(III). Nominal concentrations of REE salts were confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Significant increases in MDA levels, ROS formation, and NO levels were found in REE-exposed embryos. Sperm exposure to REEs (10(-5) to 10(-4)M) resulted in concentration-related decrease in fertilization success along with increase in offspring damage. Decreased mitotic activity and increased aberration rates were detected in REE-exposed embryos and in the offspring of REE-exposed sperm. REE-associated toxicity affecting embryogenesis, fertilization, cytogenetic and redox endpoints showed different activities of tested REEs. Damage to early life stages, along with redox and cytogenetic anomalies should be the focus of future REE toxicity studies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Media exposure and dimensions of anxiety sensitivity: differential associations with PTSD symptom clusters.

PubMed

Collimore, Kelsey C; McCabe, Randi E; Carleton, R Nicholas; Asmundson, Gordon J G

2008-08-01

The present investigation examined the impact of anxiety sensitivity (AS) and media exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Reactions from 143 undergraduate students in Hamilton, Ontario were assessed in the Fall of 2003 to gather information on anxiety, media coverage, and PTSD symptoms related to exposure to a remote traumatic event (September 11th). Regression analyses revealed that the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI; [Peterson, R. A., & Reiss, S. (1992). Anxiety Sensitivity Index manual, 2nd ed. Worthington, Ohio: International Diagnostic Systems]) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory trait form (STAI-T; [Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). State-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press]) total scores were significant predictors of PTSD symptoms in general. The ASI total score was also a significant predictor of hyperarousal and avoidance symptoms. Subsequent analyses further demonstrated differential relationships based on subscales and symptom clusters. Specifically, media exposure and trait anxiety predicted hyperarousal and re-experiencing symptoms, whereas the ASI fear of somatic sensations subscale significantly predicted avoidance and overall PTSD symptoms. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Perceived parental rearing behaviours, responsibility attitudes and life events as predictors of obsessive compulsive symptomatology: test of a cognitive model.

PubMed

Haciomeroglu, Bikem; Karanci, A Nuray

2014-11-01

It is important to investigate the role of cognitive, developmental and environmental factors in the development and maintenance of Obsessive Compulsive Symptomatology (OCS). The main objective of this study was to examine the vulnerability factors of OCS in a non-clinical sample. On the basis of Salkovskis' cognitive model of OCD, the study aimed to investigate the role of perceived parental rearing behaviours, responsibility attitudes, and life events in predicting OCS. Furthermore, the mediator role of responsibility attitudes in the relationship between perceived parental rearing behaviours and OCS was examined. Finally, the specificity of these variables to OCS was evaluated by examining the relationship of the same variables with depression and trait anxiety. A total of 300 university students (M = 19.55±1.79) were administered the Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision, Responsibility Attitudes Scale, s-EMBU (My memories of upbringing), Life Events Inventory for University Students, Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form. Regression analysis revealed that perceived mother overprotection, responsibility attitudes and life events significantly predicted OCS. Furthermore, responsibility attitudes mediated the relationship between perceived mother overprotection and OCS. The predictive role of perceived mother overprotection and the mediator role responsibility attitudes were OCS specific. The findings of the present study supported that perceived mother over-protection as a developmental vulnerability factor significantly contributed to the explanation of a cognitive vulnerability factor (namely responsibility attitudes), and perceived maternal overprotection had its predictive role for OCS through responsibility attitudes.

Morbidity and mortality of women and men with intellectual and developmental disabilities newly initiating antipsychotic drugs.

PubMed

Vigod, Simone N; Lunsky, Yona; Cobigo, Virginie; Wilton, Andrew S; Somerton, Sarah; Seitz, Dallas P

2016-03-01

While up to 45% of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have a comorbid psychiatric disorder, and antipsychotics are commonly prescribed, gender differences in the safety of antipsychotics have rarely been studied in this population. To compare men and women with IDD on medical outcomes after antipsychotic initiation. Our population-based study in Ontario, Canada, compared 1457 women and 1951 men with IDD newly initiating antipsychotic medication on risk for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke and death, with up to 4 years of follow-up. Women were older and more medically complex at baseline. Women had higher risks for venous thromboembolism (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15-2.59) and death (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.10) in crude analyses; but only thromboembolism risk was greater for women after covariate adjustment (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05-2.38). Gender should be considered in decision-making around antipsychotic medications for individuals with IDD. None. © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) licence.

Are Specific Language Impairment and Dyslexia Distinct Disorders?

PubMed Central

Catts, Hugh W.; Adlof, Suzanne M.; Hogan, Tiffany; Weismer, Susan Ellis

2010-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific language impairment (SLI) and dyslexia are distinct developmental disorders. Method Study 1 investigated the overlap between SLI identified in kindergarten and dyslexia identified in 2nd, 4th, or 8th grades in a representative sample of 527 children. Study 2 examined phonological processing in a subsample of participants, including 21 children with dyslexia only, 43 children with SLI only, 18 children with SLI and dyslexia, and 165 children with typical language/reading development. Measures of phonological awareness and nonword repetition were considered. Results Study 1 showed limited but statistically significant overlap between SLI and dyslexia. Study 2 found that children with dyslexia or a combination of dyslexia and SLI performed significantly less well on measures of phonological processing than did children with SLI only and those with typical development. Children with SLI only showed only mild deficits in phonological processing compared with typical children. Conclusions These results support the view that SLI and dyslexia are distinct but potentially comorbid developmental language disorders. A deficit in phonological processing is closely associated with dyslexia but not with SLI when it occurs in the absence of dyslexia. PMID:16478378

Installation Restoration Program. Remedial Investigation Report. Site 1. Fire Training Area. Volk Field Air National Guard Base, Camp Douglas, WI. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-01

trobenzen. 660’ ug/KG Phenacet in 6600 ug/KG 2- Picoline 660’ ug/KG Pronamide 10000 ug/KG 1,2,4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene 660’ ug/KO 0 Denotes instrument...Phenacetin ND 2- Picoline ND Pronamide ND 1,26,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene -*ND *EPA has not yet determined detection limits for these compounds E-158 I Pr...ND N-Nitrosopiperidine - ND Pentachlorobenzene ND Pentachloromitrobenzene -*ND Phenacetin ND 2- Picoline ND Pronamide - *ND 1,2,4,5

Preliminary Inventory of the Retired Records of the 1st United States Army Infantry Division during the Vietnam War, 2 October 1965-14 April 1970. Sanitized Version.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-05-01

con Oft uh 6 to the appdsb feual Rec"It Comer for RECORDS TRANSMITTAL AND RECEIPT apm pro to shipaat of f Spse arcns aon rese. PAMIf A. TO 4i5 ASd5 * pv... gmo -M IN nm nd 10mi AV No*5 m General Orders; General Correspondence; Daily Staff Journals; Tactical Operatiod Center (TOC) Logs; Cmand Reports...AGENiCYwo m a gewn.uirm DIPSL " 1n 2,I (w l6_t 4,11A 4s. 41) pollo~ 01)S 10~e 1~e (1) (A)A. IndiOs Cap Ill StA SAC(G3O4NID: Th.&. record. were pros edfor

Short-term family-centered workshop for children with developmental delays enhances family functioning and satisfaction: A prospective clinical trial.

PubMed

Hsieh, Ru-Lan; Hsieh, Wen-Huei; Lee, Wen-Chung

2016-08-01

We investigated the clinical efficacy on family functioning and parental satisfaction of a short-term family-centered workshop for children with developmental delays.A total of 32 children with developmental delays and their parents participated in 2-hour weekly group therapy sessions over 6 weeks. The workshop was conducted by rehabilitation professionals and teachers using a family-centered multidisciplinary approach. Both before and after the 6-week workshop, the parents were administered the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Family Impact Module, the PedsQL Healthcare Satisfaction Module, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life brief assessment instrument. Overall satisfaction with the workshop was also evaluated.Significant improvements were noted in physical aspect (P = 0.03), communication (P = 0.002), and daily activities (P = 0.04) in the PedsQL Family Impact Module, and in communication (P = 0.03) and technical skills (P = 0.05) in the PedsQL Healthcare Satisfaction Module. Overall satisfaction with the workshop was rated as very high. There was no significant effect on psychological distress or quality of life.Short-term family-centered workshops for children with developmental delays improved family functioning and the parental perception of satisfaction, including health care satisfaction.

Global critical materials markets: An agent-based modeling approach

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Riddle, Matthew; Macal, Charles M.; Conzelmann, Guenter

As part of efforts to position the United States as a leader in clean energy technology production, the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) issued two Critical Materials Strategy reports, which assessed 16 materials on the basis of their importance to clean energy development and their supply risk ( U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), 2010 and DOE, 2011). To understand the implications for clean energy of disruptions in supplies of critical materials, it is important to understand supply chain dynamics from mining to final product production. As a case study of critical material supply chains, we focus on the supplymore » of two rare earth metals, neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy), for permanent magnets used in wind turbines, electric vehicles and other applications. We introduce GCMat, a dynamic agent-based model that includes interacting agents at five supply chain stages consisting of mining, metal refining, magnet production, final product production and demand. Agents throughout the supply chain make pricing, production and inventory management decisions. Deposit developers choose which deposits to develop based on market conditions and detailed data on 57 rare earth deposits. Wind turbine and electric vehicle producers choose from a set of possible production technologies that require different amounts of rare earths. We ran the model under a baseline scenario and four alternative scenarios with different demand and production technology inputs. Model results from 2010 to 2013 fit well with historical data. Projections through 2025 show a number of possible future price, demand, and supply trajectories. For each scenario, we highlight reasons for turning points under market conditions, for differences between Nd and Dy markets, and for differences between scenarios. Because GCMat can model causal dynamics and provide fine-grain representation of agents and their decisions, it provides explanations for turning points under market conditions that are not otherwise available from other modeling approaches. Our baseline projections show very different behaviors for Nd and Dy prices. Nd prices continue to drop and remain low even at the end of our simulation period as new capacity comes online and leads to a market in which production capacity outpaces demand. Dy price movements, on the other hand, change directions several times with several key turning points related to inventory behaviors of particular agents in the supply chain and asymmetric supply and demand trends. Scenario analyses show the impact of stronger demand growth for rare earths, and in particular finds that Nd price impacts are significantly delayed as compared to Dy. This is explained by the substantial excess production capacity for Nd in the early simulation years that keeps prices down. Scenarios that explore the impact of reducing the Dy content of magnets show the intricate interdependencies of these two markets as price trends for both rare earths reverse directions – reducing the Dy content of magnets reduces Dy demand, which drives down Dy prices and translates into lower magnet prices. This in turn raises the demand for magnets and therefore the demand for Nd and eventually drives up the Nd price.« less

Cultural Resource Inventory and Evaluation of Rock Island Arsenal, Rock Island, Illinois.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

Bureau of Ordnance 1890), and accounts of individuals picking up arti- facts (Hesseltine 1962; Hauberg n.d.) all indicate that the Island supported...villages, which supplied us with strawberries , blackberries, gooseberries, plums, apples, and nuts of different kinds. . .4 (1882). After the War of...During the four years of World War II, 26 .... immense quantities of all types of artil- lery and small arms equipment, loading machines for the

Adult Career Changers: A Developmental Context.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, Margaretha S.

1999-01-01

Adults requesting career guidance at a counseling center completed a problem-checklist and the Identity, Information, and Barriers scales of the My Vocational Situation inventory. Respondents indicated a need for information on careers; lack of clarity regarding interests, talents, and goals; and worries about self-confidence, independence, and…

Assessment of Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality via Normal Personality Measures: Convergent Validity, Criterion Validity, and Developmental Change

PubMed Central

Witt, Edward A.; Donnellan, M. Brent; Blonigen, Daniel M.; Krueger, Robert F.; Conger, Rand D.

2009-01-01

This report provides evidence for the reliability, validity, and developmental course of the psychopathic personality traits of Fearless Dominance (FD) and Impulsive Antisociality (IA) as assessed by items from Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; Patrick, Curtin, & Tellegen, 2002). In Study 1, MPQ-based measures of FD and IA were strongly correlated with their corresponding composite scores from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (Lilienfeld & Widows, 2005). In Study 2, FD and IA had relatively distinct associations with measures of normal and maladaptive personality traits. In Study 3, FD and IA had substantial retest coefficients during the transition to adulthood and both traits showed average declines with an especially substantial drop in IA. In Study 4, FD and IA were correlated with measures of internalizing and externalizing problems in ways consistent with previous research and theory. Collectively, these results provide important information about the assessment of FD and IA. PMID:19365767

The impact of adolescent stuttering and other speech problems on psychological well-being in adulthood: evidence from a birth cohort study.

PubMed

McAllister, Jan; Collier, Jacqueline; Shepstone, Lee

2013-01-01

Developmental stuttering is associated with increased risk of psychological distress and mental health difficulties. Less is known about the impact of other developmental speech problems on psychological outcomes, or the impact of stuttering and speech problems once other predictors have been adjusted for. To determine the impact of parent-reported adolescent stuttering and other speech difficulties on psychological distress and associated symptoms as measured by the Rutter Malaise Inventory. A British birth cohort dataset provided information about 217 cohort members who stuttered and 301 cohort members who had other kinds of speech problem at age 16 according to parental report, and 15,694 cohort members who had experienced neither stuttering nor other speech difficulties. The main analyses concerned associations between adolescent stuttering or speech difficulty and score on the Rutter Malaise Inventory at age 42. Other factors that had previously been shown to be associated with score on the Malaise Inventory were also included in the analyses. In the adjusted analyses that controlled for other predictors, cohort members who were reported to stutter had higher malaise scores than controls overall, indicating a higher level of psychological distress, but they were not at significantly more likely to have malaise scores in the range indicating a risk of serious mental health difficulties. Cohort members who were reported to have other speech difficulties during adolescence had malaise scores that overall did not differ significantly from those of controls in the adjusted analyses, but they were at significantly greater risk of serious mental health difficulties. These findings support those of other studies that indicate an association between stuttering and psychological distress. This study is the first to have shown that adolescents who experience speech difficulties other than stuttering are more likely than controls to be at risk of poorer mental health in adulthood. The results suggest a need for therapeutic provision to address psychosocial issues for both stuttering and other developmental speech disorders in adulthood, as well as further research into the consequences in adulthood of stuttering and other developmental speech disorders. © 2013 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.

The Usefulness of M-B CDI-K Short Form as Screening Test in Children With Language Developmental Delay.

PubMed

Kim, Seong Woo; Jeon, Ha Ra; Park, Eun Ji; Kim, Hyo In; Jung, Da Wa; Woo, Mee Ryung

2014-06-01

To investigate the usefulness of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories-Korean (M-B CDI-K) short form as a screening test in children with language developmental delay. From April 2010 to May 2012, a total of 87 patients visited the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital with the complaint of language developmental delay and were enrolled in this study. All patients took M-B CDI-K short form and Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) or Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) according to their age. The study group consisted of 58 male patients and 29 female patients and the mean age was 25.9 months. The diagnosis are global developmental delay in 26 patients, selective language impairment in 31 patients, articulation disorder in 7 patients, cerebral palsy in 8 patients, autism spectrum disorder in 4 patients, motor developmental delay in 4 patients, and others in 7 patients. Seventy-one patients are diagnosed with language developmental delay in SELSI or PRES and of them showed 69 patients a high risk in the M-B CDI-K short form. Sixteen patients are normal in SELSI or PRES and of them showed 14 patients non-high risk in the M-B CDI-K short form. The M-B CDI-K short form has 97.2% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, a positive predictive value of 0.97, and a negative predictive value of 0.88. The M-B CDI-K short form has a high sensitivity and specificity so it is considered as an useful screening tool in children with language developmental delay. Additional researches targeting normal children will be continued to supply the specificity of the M-B CDI-K short form.

Symposium review: Uncertainties in enteric methane inventories, measurement techniques, and prediction models.

PubMed

Hristov, A N; Kebreab, E; Niu, M; Oh, J; Bannink, A; Bayat, A R; Boland, T B; Brito, A F; Casper, D P; Crompton, L A; Dijkstra, J; Eugène, M; Garnsworthy, P C; Haque, N; Hellwing, A L F; Huhtanen, P; Kreuzer, M; Kuhla, B; Lund, P; Madsen, J; Martin, C; Moate, P J; Muetzel, S; Muñoz, C; Peiren, N; Powell, J M; Reynolds, C K; Schwarm, A; Shingfield, K J; Storlien, T M; Weisbjerg, M R; Yáñez-Ruiz, D R; Yu, Z

2018-04-18

Ruminant production systems are important contributors to anthropogenic methane (CH 4 ) emissions, but there are large uncertainties in national and global livestock CH 4 inventories. Sources of uncertainty in enteric CH 4 emissions include animal inventories, feed dry matter intake (DMI), ingredient and chemical composition of the diets, and CH 4 emission factors. There is also significant uncertainty associated with enteric CH 4 measurements. The most widely used techniques are respiration chambers, the sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) tracer technique, and the automated head-chamber system (GreenFeed; C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD). All 3 methods have been successfully used in a large number of experiments with dairy or beef cattle in various environmental conditions, although studies that compare techniques have reported inconsistent results. Although different types of models have been developed to predict enteric CH 4 emissions, relatively simple empirical (statistical) models have been commonly used for inventory purposes because of their broad applicability and ease of use compared with more detailed empirical and process-based mechanistic models. However, extant empirical models used to predict enteric CH 4 emissions suffer from narrow spatial focus, limited observations, and limitations of the statistical technique used. Therefore, prediction models must be developed from robust data sets that can only be generated through collaboration of scientists across the world. To achieve high prediction accuracy, these data sets should encompass a wide range of diets and production systems within regions and globally. Overall, enteric CH 4 prediction models are based on various animal or feed characteristic inputs but are dominated by DMI in one form or another. As a result, accurate prediction of DMI is essential for accurate prediction of livestock CH 4 emissions. Analysis of a large data set of individual dairy cattle data showed that simplified enteric CH 4 prediction models based on DMI alone or DMI and limited feed- or animal-related inputs can predict average CH 4 emission with a similar accuracy to more complex empirical models. These simplified models can be reliably used for emission inventory purposes. The Authors. Published by FASS Inc. and Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

Comparison of performance on process- and product-oriented assessments of fundamental motor skills across childhood.

PubMed

Logan, Samuel W; Barnett, Lisa M; Goodway, Jacqueline D; Stodden, David F

2017-04-01

Process-oriented motor competence (MC) assessments evaluate how a movement is performed. Product-oriented assessments evaluate the outcome of a movement. Determining the concurrent validity of process and product assessments is important to address the predictive utility of motor competence for health. The current study aimed to: (1) compare process and product assessments of the standing long jump, hop and throw across age groups and (2) determine the capacity of process assessments to classify levels of MC. Participants included 170 children classified into three age groups: 4-5, 7-8 and 10-11 years old. Participants' skills were examined concurrently using three process assessments ((Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd edition [TGMD-2]), Get Skilled; Get Active, and developmental sequences) and one product measure (throw speed, jump and hop distance). Results indicate moderate to strong correlations between (1) process assessments across skills and age groups (r range = .37-70) and (2) process and product assessments across skills and age groups (r range = .26-.88). In general, sensitivity to detect advanced skill level is lowest for TGMD-2 and highest for developmental sequences for all three skills. The use of process and product assessments is suggested to comprehensively capture levels of MC in human movement.

Parents' evaluation of developmental status: how well do parents' concerns identify children with behavioral and emotional problems?

PubMed

Glascoe, Frances Page

2003-03-01

This study was undertaken to determine which parental concerns are most associated with significant behavioral/emotional problems and the extent to which parents' concerns can be depended on in the detection of mental health problems. An additional goal is to view how well a recently published screening test relying on parents' concerns, Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), detects behavioral and emotional problems. Subjects were a national sample of 472 parents and their children (21 months to 8 years old) who were participants in 1 of 2 test standardization and validation studies. Sites included various pediatric settings, public schools, and Head Start programs in 5 diverse geographic locations. Subjects were representative of U.S. demographics in terms of ethnicity, parental level of education, gender, and socioeconomic status. At each site, psychological examiners, educational diagnosticians, or school psychologists recruited families, and obtained informed consent. Examiners disseminated a demographics questionnaire (in English or Spanish) and a developmental screening test that relies on parents' concerns (PEDS). Examiners were blinded to PEDS' scoring and interpretation administered either by interview or in writing, the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) or the Possible Problems Checklist (PPC), a subtest of the Child Development Inventory that includes items measuring emotional well-being and behavioral self-control. PEDS was used to sort children into risk for developmental disabilities according to various types of parental concern. Those identified as having high or moderate risk were nominated for diagnostic testing or screening followed by developmental and mental health services when indicated. Because their emotional and behavioral needs would have been identified and addressed, these groups were removed from the analysis (N = 177). Of the 295 children who would not have been nominated for further scrutiny on PEDS due to their low risk of developmental problems, 102 had parents with concerns not predictive of developmental disabilities (e.g., behavior, social skills, self-help skills) and 193 had no concerns at all. Of the 295 children, 12% had scores on either the ECBI or the PPC indicative of mental health problems. Two parental concerns were identified through logistic regression as predictive of mental health status: behavior (OR = 4.74, CI = 1.69-13.30); and social skills (OR = 5.76, CI = 2.46-13.50). If one or more of these concerns was present, children had 8.5 times the risk of mental health problems (CI = 3.69-19.71) In children 434 years of age and older, one or both concerns was 87% sensitive and 79% specific to mental health status, figures keeping with standards for screening test accuracy. In young children, the presence of one or both concerns was 68% sensitive and 66% specific to mental health status. The findings suggest that certain parental concerns, if carefully elicited, can be depended on to detect mental health problems when children are 41 years and older and at low risk of developmental problems. For younger children, clinicians should counsel parents in disciplinary techniques, follow up, and if suggestions were not effective, administer a behavioral-emotional screening test such as the Pediatric Symptoms Checklist or the ECBI before making a referral decision.

The Impact of an Invitational Environment on Preschoolers with Special Needs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, April Gardner; Moniz-Tadeo, Bobbie-Jo

2012-01-01

Providing services to special education students has been fraught with controversy concerning the appropriate setting (Yell, 1995). This quasi-experimental study compares the progress of developmentally delayed preschoolers after two school years of schooling in two environments using the Brigance Inventory of Early Development (IED-II) (Brigance,…

Psychosocial Development During Adulthood: Age and Cohort Comparisons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitbourne, Susan K.; Waterman, Alan S.

Ontogenetic personality changes during adulthood were evaluated using the Inventory of Psychosocial Development (IPD) to yield scores corresponding to the first six stages of Erikson's developmental theory. Of the 166 males and 161 females whose undergraduate data from 1966 were available, 76 males and 71 females returned usable data. Analyses of…

Assessment Policy and Practice Effects on New Zealand and Queensland Teachers' Conceptions of Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Gavin T. L.; Lake, Robert; Matters, Gabrielle

2009-01-01

Teachers' thinking about four conceptions of teaching (i.e., apprenticeship-developmental, nurturing, social reform, and transmission) were captured using the "Teaching Perspectives Inventory" (TPI). New Zealand and Queensland have very similar teaching-related policies and practices but differences around assessment policies and…

The Dynamics of Internalizing and Externalizing Comorbidity Across the Early School Years

PubMed Central

Willner, Cynthia J.; Gatzke-Kopp, Lisa M.; Bray, Bethany C.

2017-01-01

High rates of comorbidity are observed between internalizing and externalizing problems, yet the developmental dynamics of comorbid symptom presentations are not yet well understood. This study explored the developmental course of latent profiles of internalizing and externalizing symptoms across kindergarten, 1st, and 2nd grade. The sample consisted of 336 children from an urban, low-income community, selected based on relatively high (61%) or low (39%) aggressive/oppositional behavior problems at school entry (64% male; 70% African American, 20% Hispanic). Teachers reported on children’s symptoms in each year. An exploratory latent profile analysis of children’s scores on aggression/oppositionality, hyperactivity/inattention, anxiety, and social withdrawal symptom factors revealed 4 latent symptom profiles: comorbid (48% of the sample in each year), internalizing (19–23%), externalizing (21–22%), and well-adjusted (7–11%). The developmental course of these symptom profiles was examined using a latent transition analysis, which revealed remarkably high continuity in the comorbid symptom profile (89% from one year to the next) and moderately high continuity in both the internalizing and externalizing profiles (80% and 71%, respectively). Internalizing children had a 20% probability of remitting to the well-adjusted profile by the following year, whereas externalizing children had a 25% probability of transitioning to the comorbid profile. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a common vulnerability factor contributes to developmentally stable internalizing-externalizing comorbidity, while also suggesting that some children with externalizing symptoms are at risk for subsequently accumulating internalizing symptoms. PMID:27739391

The effect of early trauma exposure on serotonin type 1B receptor expression revealed by reduced selective radioligand binding.

PubMed

Murrough, James W; Czermak, Christoph; Henry, Shannan; Nabulsi, Nabeel; Gallezot, Jean-Dominique; Gueorguieva, Ralitza; Planeta-Wilson, Beata; Krystal, John H; Neumaier, John F; Huang, Yiyun; Ding, Yu-Shin; Carson, Richard E; Neumeister, Alexander

2011-09-01

Serotonergic dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and recent animal models suggest that disturbances in serotonin type 1B receptor function, in particular, may contribute to chronic anxiety. However, the specific role of the serotonin type 1B receptor has not been studied in patients with PTSD. To investigate in vivo serotonin type 1B receptor expression in individuals with PTSD, trauma-exposed control participants without PTSD (TC), and healthy (non-trauma-exposed) control participants (HC) using positron emission tomography and the recently developed serotonin type 1B receptor selective radiotracer [(11)C]P943. Cross-sectional positron emission tomography study under resting conditions. Academic and Veterans Affairs medical centers. Ninety-six individuals in 3 study groups: PTSD (n = 49), TC (n = 20), and HC (n = 27). Main Outcome Measure  Regional [(11)C]P943 binding potential (BP(ND)) values in an a priori-defined limbic corticostriatal circuit investigated using multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. A history of severe trauma exposure in the PTSD and TC groups was associated with marked reductions in [(11)C]P943 BP(ND) in the caudate, the amygdala, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Participant age at first trauma exposure was strongly associated with low [(11)C]P943 BP(ND). Developmentally earlier trauma exposure also was associated with greater PTSD symptom severity and major depression comorbidity. These data suggest an enduring effect of trauma history on brain function and the phenotype of PTSD. The association of early age at first trauma and more pronounced neurobiological and behavioral alterations in PTSD suggests a developmental component in the cause of PTSD.

Materials Requirements Planning: An Organizational Perspective.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

Effective management of raw material and semi-finished production inventories has been a subject of increasing con- cern in both public and private sector...PERSPECTIVE by Frederick A. Braman March 1980 Thesis Advisor: R.W. Sagehorn Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. s 039 , 80 3 039...A00111SWOa v~trafft is m C #Mh.5nd Gift*.) Is. SCUMIT’r CLASS. (e lneiefteel 16. 015? mamUTlON STA?3MCN?4 (of this Reeeet) Approved for public

Neodymium, strontium and chromium isotopic studies of the LEW86010 and Angra dos Reis meteorites and the chronology of the angrite parent body

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nyquist, L. E.; Bansal, B.; Wiesmann, H.; Shih, C.-Y.

1994-01-01

Neodymium, stontium, and chromium isotopic studies of the LEW86010 angrite established its absolute age and the formation interval between its crystallization and condensation of Allende CAIs from the solar nebula. Pyroxene and phosphate were found to contain approximately 8% of its Sm and Nd inventory. A conventional Sm-147-Nd-143 isochron yielded an age of 4.53 +/- 0.04 Ga (2 sigma and Epsilon(sub Nd sup 143)) = 0.45 +/- 1.1. An Sm-146-Nd-142 isochron gives initial Sm-146/Sm-144 = 0.0076 +/- 0.0009 and Epsilon (sub Nd sup 142) = -2.5 +/- 0.4. The Rb-Sr analyses give initial Sr-87/Sr-86 Iota(sub Sr sup 87) = 0.698972 +/- 8 and 0.698970 +/- 18 for LEW and ADOR, respectively, relative to Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.71025 for NBS987. The difference, Delta Iota(sub Sr Sup 87), between Iota (sub sr sup 87) for the angrites and literature values for Allende CAIs, corresponds to approximately Ma of growth in a solar nebula with a CI chondrite value of Rb-87/Sr-86 = 0.91, or approximately 5 Ma in a nebula with solar photospheric Rb-87/Sr-86 = 1.51. Excess Cr-53 from extinct Mn-53(t(sub 1/2) = 3.7 Ma)in LEW86010 corresponds to initial Mn-53/Mn-55 = 4.4 +/- 1.0 x 10(exp -5) for the inclusions as previously reported by the Paris group (Birck and Allegre, 1988). The Sm-146/Sm-144 value found for LEW86010 corresponds to solar system initial (Sm-146/Sm-144) = 0.0080 +/- 0.0009 for crystallization 8 Ma after Allende, the difference between Pb-Pb ages of angrites and Allende, or 0.0086 +/- 0.0009 for crystallation 18 Ma after Allende, using the Mn-Cr formation interval. The isotopic data are discussed in the context of a model in which an undifferentiated 'chondritic' parent body formed from the solar nebula approximately Ma after Allende CAIs and subsequently underwent differentiation accompanied by loss of volatiles. Parent bodies with Rb/Sr similar to that of CI, CM, or CO chondrites could satisfy the Cr and Sr isotopic systematics. If the angrite parent body had Rb/Sr similar to that of CV meteorites, it would have to form slightly later, approximately 2.6 Ma after the CAIs, to satisfy the Sr and CR isotopic systematics.

Balneotherapy in fibromyalgia: a single blind randomized controlled clinical study.

PubMed

Ozkurt, Seçil; Dönmez, Arif; Zeki Karagülle, M; Uzunoğlu, Emel; Turan, Mustafa; Erdoğan, Nergis

2012-07-01

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of balneotherapy in fibromyalgia management. Fifty women with fibromyalgia under pharmacological treatment were randomly assigned to either the balneotherapy (25) or the control (25) group. Four patients from the balneotherapy group and one patient from the control group left the study after randomization. The patients in the balneotherapy group (21) had 2 thermomineral water baths daily for 2 weeks in Tuzla Spa Center. The patients in the control group (24) continued to have their medical treatment and routine daily life. An investigator who was blinded to the study arms assessed the patients. All patients were assessed four times; at the beginning of the study, at the end of the 2nd week, the 1st month, and the 3rd month after balneotherapy. Outcome measures of the study were pain intensity, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), patient's global assessment, investigator's global assessment, SF-36 scores, and tender point count. Balneotherapy was found to be superior at the end of the cure period in terms of pain intensity, FIQ, Beck Depression Inventory, patient's global assessment, investigator's global assessment scores, and tender point count as compared to the control group. The superiority of balneotherapy lasted up to the end of the 3rd month, except for the Beck Depression Inventory score and the investigator's global assessment score. Significant improvements were observed in PF, GH, and MH subscales of SF-36 during the study period in the balneotherapy group; however, no such improvement was observed in the control group. Balneotherapy was superior only in VT subscale at the end of therapy and at the end of the third month after the therapy as compared to the controls. It was concluded that balneotherapy provides beneficial effects in patients with fibromyalgia.

Evolution of Tethyan phosphogenesis along the northern edges of the Arabian--African shield during the Cretaceous--Eocene as deduced from temporal variations of Ca and Nd isotopes and rates of P accumulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soudry, D.; Glenn, C. R.; Nathan, Y.; Segal, I.; VonderHaar, D.

2006-09-01

The evolution of Tethyan phosphogenesis during the Cretaceous-Eocene is examined to try to explain fluctuations of phosphogenesis through time, and whether or not they reflect long-term changes in ocean circulation or in continental weathering. Twenty-seven time-stratigraphic phosphate levels in various Tethyan sites, covering a time span of about 90 Myr from the Hauterivian to the Eocene, were analyzed for 44Ca/ 42Ca and 143Nd/ 144Nd in their carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) fraction. P and Ca accumulation rates and bulk sedimentation rates were quantified throughout the Cretaceous-Eocene Negev sequence to examine how changes in 44Ca/ 42Ca and 143Nd/ 144Nd are reflected in the intensity of phosphogenesis. A clear-cut change occurs in ɛNd( T) and δ44Ca and in the rates of P and Ca accumulation and bulk sedimentation through the time analyzed. ɛNd( T) is much lower in the Hauterivian-Lower Cenomanian (- 12.8 to - 10.9) than in the Upper Cenomanian-Eocene (- 7.8 to - 5.9). Much lower δ44Ca values occur in the Hauterivian-Turonian (- 0.22 to + 0.02) than in the Coniacian-Eocene (+ 0.23 to + 0.40). P accumulation rates in the Negev steeply increase from < 200 μmol cm - 2 k yr - 1 in the Albian-Coniacian to ˜ 1500 μmol cm - 2 k yr - 1 in the Campanian, whereas a strong decrease is concomitantly recorded in the rates of Ca accumulation and bulk sedimentation. In addition, distinct ɛNd( T) values are shown by the phosphorites of the Negev (- 6.7 to - 6.4) and Egypt (- 9.1 to - 7.6) during the Campanian, and by those of the Negev (- 7.8 to - 6.3) and North Africa (- 10.1 to - 8.9) during the Maastrichtian-Eocene. The culmination of P accumulation rates in the Negev during the Campanian, occurring with a high in ɛNd( T) and δ44Ca and a low in sedimentation rates, indicates that paleoceanographic and paleogeographical factors mostly governed phosphorite accumulation in this area. The abrupt ɛNd( T) rise after the Cenomanian is attributed to increased incursion of Pacific (radiogenic) water masses into the Tethys, driven by the Late Cretaceous global sea-level rise, the connection between North and South Atlantic, the global post-Santonian cooling, and the progressive widening of the Caribbean threshold, all acting in combination to significantly intensify the Tethyan circumglobal current (TCC). It also reflects a weakening of the continental Nd signal due to a reduction of exposed landmasses caused by increased flooding of continental shelves. High δ44Ca values at those times also point to a decrease in weathering Ca +2 fluxes and expansion of carbonate sedimentation in shelves, both enriching seawater with isotopically heavy Ca +2. Deep ocean circulation intensified by the post-Santonian cooling of high latitudes increased P inventory in the Tethys basin, whereas the strengthened TCC and the folded shelf likely resulted in coastal and topographically-induced upwelling, supplying P-rich intermediate waters to southeastern Tethys shelves. Only in the Paleocene-Eocene, following major changes in global circulation produced by narrowing of Tethys and widening of the Atlantic, did phosphogenesis shifts its locus of high intensity to the western (Atlantic) Tethys and West African Atlantic coasts. This change in paleocirculation is expressed by distinctly differing ɛNd( T) in the Middle East and the North and West African phosphorites, suggesting different oceanic P sources and current systems for these two major groups of phosphorites. Our Nd isotope results further suggest a weaker TCC during the Mid-Cretaceous, becoming more intense in Late Cretaceous times. They also point to the North Pacific Ocean as major source of deep water formation for the intermediate-deep waters in the Tethys Basin during the Late Cretaceous.

Dissolved Pesticide and Organic Carbon Concentrations Detected in Surface Waters, Northern Central Valley, California, 2001-2002

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

Date (mm/dd/yy) Time Metolachlor Molinate Napro- pamide Oxyfluorfen Pendi- methalin Piperonyl butoxide Simazine Thiobencarb Trifluralin 01/04/01 0910...Metolachlor Molinate Napro- pamide Oxyfluorfen Pendi- methalin Piperonyl butoxide Simazine Thiobencarb Trifluralin 01/04/01 1015 7.8 14.8 nd nd nd 22.2 nd 8.6...Metolachlor Molinate Napropamide Oxyfluorfen Pendimethalin Piperonyl butoxide Simazine Trifluralin 01/04/01 1200 nd 16.2 nd nd nd nd 43.2 nd 01/09/01

Variations in Latino Parenting Practices and Their Effects on Child Cognitive Developmental Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Von Figueroa-Moseley, Colmar; Ramey, Craig T.; Keltner, Bette; Lanzi, Robin G.

2006-01-01

This research examines variations in parenting and its effects on child cognitive outcomes across Latino subgroups from a national sampling that utilized a subset of 995 former Head Start Latino parents and children. Comparisons of the Parenting Dimension Inventory scaled scores revealed Latino subgroup differences on nurturance and consistency.…

Social Phobia in College Students: A Developmental Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Donald W.; Mandrusiak, Michael

2007-01-01

We used the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) to identify self-reported social phobia symptoms in 59 students presenting for intake at our counseling center and 119 students meeting a course requirement for research participation. We expected that students presenting for clinical service would have higher scores than the students not seeking such…

Families At-Risk for Destructive Parent-Child Relations in Adolescence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garbarino, James; And Others

A developmental perspective of family violence requires examining the parental, adolescent, and family system characteristics that place a family at-risk for destructive parent-child relations in adolescence. Families (N=64), all of which consisted of a youth aged 10-16 and two parents, completed the Adolescent-Abuse Inventory (AAI); the Achenbach…

Examining the Moderating Effect of Disability Status on the Relationship between Trauma Symptomatology and Select Career Variables

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strauser, David R.; Lustig, Daniel C.; Uruk, Aye Ciftci

2006-01-01

In the current study, the authors examined whether the influence of trauma symptomatology on select career variables differs based on disability status. A total of 131 college students and 81 individuals with disabilities completed the "Career Thoughts Inventory," "My Vocational Situation," "Developmental Work Personality…

Applicability of "MEGA"[Eighth Note] to Sexually Abusive Youth with Low Intellectual Functioning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miccio-Fonseca, L. C.; Rasmussen, Lucinda A.

2013-01-01

The study explored the predictive validity of "Multiplex Empirically Guided Inventory of Ecological Aggregates for Assessing Sexually Abusive Children and Adolescents (Ages 4 to 19)" ("MEGA"[eighth note]; Miccio-Fonseca, 2006b), a comprehensive developmentally sensitive risk assessment outcome tool. "MEGA"[eighth note] assesses risk for coarse…

Wordbank: An Open Repository for Developmental Vocabulary Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frank, Michael C.; Braginsky, Mika; Yurovsky, Daniel; Marchman, Virginia A.

2017-01-01

The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) are a widely used family of parent-report instruments for easy and inexpensive data-gathering about early language acquisition. CDI data have been used to explore a variety of theoretically important topics, but, with few exceptions, researchers have had to rely on data collected in…

Differential Influences of Family Processes for Scientifically Talented Individuals' Academic Achievement along Developmental Stages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cho, Seokhee; Campbell, James Reed

2011-01-01

Differential influences of various family processes for students of science talent and students in general education from Grades 4 to 12 and Science Olympians in Korea were examined by administering Korean Inventory of Parental Influence. Korean Science Olympians were additionally interviewed about their family and school experiences. Family…

Use of the Classroom Behavior Description Checklist in Preschool Developmental Screening.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aaronson, May; And Others

The Classroom Behavior Description (CBD)--a brief 10-item checklist on which teachers rate preschool childrens' behaviors which are considered most likely to influence school performance--was developed on the basis of earlier extensive research with more comprehensive children's behavior inventories. Results are reported of studies of teachers'…

Clubfoot Does Not Impair Gross Motor Development in 5-Year-Olds.

PubMed

Zapata, Karina A; Karol, Lori A; Jeans, Kelly A; Jo, Chan-Hee

2018-04-01

To evaluate the gross motor development of 5-year-olds using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd Edition (PDMS-2), test after initial nonoperative management of clubfoot as infants. The PDMS-2 Stationary, Locomotion, and Object Manipulation subtests were assessed on 128 children with idiopathic clubfeet at the age of 5 years. Children were categorized by their initial clubfoot severity as greater than 13, unilateral or bilateral involvement, and required surgery. Children with treated clubfeet had average gross motor scores (99 Gross Motor Quotient) compared with age-matched normative scores. Children with more severe clubfeet required surgery significantly more than children with less severe scores (P < .01). Peabody scores were not significantly different according to initial clubfoot severity, unilateral versus bilateral involvement, and surgical versus nonsurgical outcomes. Clubfoot does not significantly impair gross motor development in 5-year-olds.

[The Battelle developmental inventory screening test for early detection of developmental disorders in cerebral palsy].

PubMed

Moraleda-Barreno, E; Romero-López, M; Cayetano-Menéndez, M J

2011-12-01

Cerebral palsy is usually associated with motor, cognitive, and language deficits, and with other disorders that cause disability in daily living skills, personal independence, social interaction and academic activities. Early detection of these deficits in the clinical setting is essential to anticipate and provide the child with the necessary support for adapting to the environment in all possible areas. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate that these deficits can be detected at an early age and comprehensively through the use of a brief development scale. We studied 100 children between 4 and 70 months old, half of them with cerebral palsy and the other half without any disorder. All subjects were evaluated using the Battelle Developmental Inventory screening test. We compared the developmental quotients in both groups and between the subjects with different motor impairments, using a simple prospective ex post facto design. The test detected statistically significant differences between the clinical group and the control group at all age levels. Statistically significant differences were also found between tetraplegia and other motor disorders. There were no differences by gender. The deficit in development associated with cerebral palsy can be quantified at early ages through the use of a brief development scale, thus we propose that the systematic implementation of protocols with this screening tool would be helpful for treatment and early intervention. This would also help in anticipating and establishing the means for the multidisciplinary actions required, and could provide guidance to other health professionals, to provide adequate school, social, and family support,. Copyright © 2011 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness of a developmental curricular design to graduate culturally competent health practitioners.

PubMed

Boggis, Debra

2012-01-01

With the goal to facilitate cultural competency development of students enrolled in graduate-level health professional education, this study examined the effectiveness of a curricular program guided by the Intercultural Developmental Continuum (IDC) as measured by the Intercultural Developmental Inventory (IDI). The IDI was administered to 17 occupational therapy (OT) students and a control group of 25 non-OT health professional students upon matriculation into their respective programs of graduate study and again upon completion of 3 years of study. OT students participated in a cultural curricular design guided by the IDC, while the control group participated in cultural study not guided by the IDC. Though OT students did not show a significant change in overall developmental orientation mean scores from pre-test to post-test (t = 0.847, p = 0.41), the results indicate that the designed intercultural curriculum increased intercultural competence among those OT students who began their program with the monocultural mindset of polarization (an "us vs. them" evaluative viewpoint) and moved to the interculturally transitional mindset of minimization (recognizing cultural commonalities and elimination of the "us vs. them" mindset). The control group showed a significant decrease in developmental orientation mean scores at post-test (t = 6.1, p < 0.001). No significant group or group by baseline interaction effects were found when comparing overall post-developmental scores adjusting for baseline (F = 2.4, p = 0.131). The curriculum design as guided by the IDC, though it did not significantly increase overall cultural competency of OT students, appears to have mitigated a decrease in competence. Results suggest that the cultural challenges that students face appear to be considerable and, without targeted, integrated intercultural preparation, can overwhelm new health professionals' intercultural capability.

Association of Arsenic Methylation Capacity with Developmental Delays and Health Status in Children: A Prospective Case-Control Trial

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hsueh, Yu-Mei; Chen, Wei-Jen; Lee, Chih-Ying; Chien, Ssu-Ning; Shiue, Horng-Sheng; Huang, Shiau-Rung; Lin, Ming-I.; Mu, Shu-Chi; Hsieh, Ru-Lan

2016-11-01

This case-control study identified the association between the arsenic methylation capacity and developmental delays and explored the association of this capacity with the health status of children. We recruited 120 children with developmental delays and 120 age- and sex-matched children without developmental delays. The health status of the children was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). The arsenic methylation capacity was determined by the percentages of inorganic arsenic (InAs%), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV%), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV%) through liquid chromatography and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Developmental delays were significantly positively associated with the total urinary arsenic concentration, InAs%, and MMAV%, and was significantly negatively associated with DMAV% in a dose-dependent manner. MMAV% was negatively associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQOL; -1.19 to -1.46, P < 0.01) and functional performance (-0.82 to -1.14, P < 0.01), whereas DMAV% was positively associated with HRQOL (0.33-0.35, P < 0.05) and functional performance (0.21-0.39, P < 0.01-0.05) in all children and in those with developmental delays. The arsenic methylation capacity is dose-dependently associated with developmental delays and with the health status of children, particularly those with developmental delays.

Relationship between Delusion of Theft and Cognitive Functions in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease.

PubMed

Na, Hae-Ran; Kang, Dong Woo; Woo, Young-Sup; Bahk, Won-Myong; Lee, Chang-Uk; Lim, Hyun Kook

2018-04-01

Although delusion of theft (DT) is the most frequent type of delusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD), its relationship to cognitive functions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between DT and cognitive functions in mild AD. Two hundred eighty-nine mild AD patients were enrolled in this study. These subjects were classified into three groups: patients with no delusions (ND, n=82), patients with paranoid delusions (PD, n=114) and patients with DT (n=93). Cognitive functions and their associations with the degree of delusion were compared among the three groups. The results showed that verbal Fluency scores were significantly lower in the PD group than in the DT and ND groups. Word List Recall scores were significantly lower in the DT group than in the PD and ND groups. Interestingly, delusion severity measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory delusion subscale correlated negatively with the Word List Recall scores in the DT group. In this study, we demonstrated that episodic memory functions in mild AD patients were associated with DT, but not with PD. Further studies might be needed to clarify the pathophysiology of delusions associated with AD.

Relationship between Delusion of Theft and Cognitive Functions in Patients with Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

PubMed Central

Na, Hae-Ran; Kang, Dong Woo; Woo, Young-Sup; Bahk, Won-Myong; Lee, Chang-Uk; Lim, Hyun Kook

2018-01-01

Although delusion of theft (DT) is the most frequent type of delusion in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), its relationship to cognitive functions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between DT and cognitive functions in mild AD. Two hundred eighty-nine mild AD patients were enrolled in this study. These subjects were classified into three groups: patients with no delusions (ND, n=82), patients with paranoid delusions (PD, n=114) and patients with DT (n=93). Cognitive functions and their associations with the degree of delusion were compared among the three groups. The results showed that verbal Fluency scores were significantly lower in the PD group than in the DT and ND groups. Word List Recall scores were significantly lower in the DT group than in the PD and ND groups. Interestingly, delusion severity measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory delusion subscale correlated negatively with the Word List Recall scores in the DT group. In this study, we demonstrated that episodic memory functions in mild AD patients were associated with DT, but not with PD. Further studies might be needed to clarify the pathophysiology of delusions associated with AD. PMID:29669410

ASM Conference on Prokaryotic Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kaplan, H. B.

2005-07-13

Support was provided by DOE for the 2nd ASM Conference on Prokaryotic Development. The final conference program and abstracts book is attached. The conference presentations are organized around topics that are central to the current research areas in prokaryotic development. The program starts with topics that involve relatively simple models systems and ends with systems that are more complex. The topics are: i) the cell cycle, ii) the cytoskeleton, iii) morphogenesis, iv) developmental transcription, v) signaling, vi) multicellularity, and vii) developmental diversity and symbiosis. The best-studied prokaryotic development model systems will be highlighted at the conference through research presentations bymore » leaders in the field. Many of these systems are also model systems of relevance to the DOE mission including carbon sequestration (Bradyrizobium, Synechococcus), energy production (Anabaena, Rhodobacter) and bioremediation (Caulobacter, Mesorhizobium). In addition, many of the highlighted organisms have important practical applications; the actinomycetes and myxobacteria produce antimicrobials that are of commercial interest. It is certain that the cutting-edge science presented at the conference will be applicable to the large group of bacteria relevant to the DOE mission.« less

Links between theory of mind and executive function in young children with autism: clues to developmental primacy.

PubMed

Pellicano, Elizabeth

2007-07-01

There has been much theoretical discussion of a functional link between theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) in autism. This study sought to establish the relationship between ToM and EF in young children with autism (M = 5 years, 6 months) and to examine issues of developmental primacy. Thirty children with autism and 40 typically developing children, matched on age and ability, were assessed on a battery of tasks measuring ToM (1st- and 2nd-order false belief) and components of EF (planning, set shifting, inhibition). A significant correlation emerged between ToM and EF variables in the autism group, independent of age and ability, while ToM and higher order planning ability remained significantly related in the comparison group. Examination of the pattern of ToM-EF impairments in the autism group revealed dissociations in 1 direction only: impaired ToM with intact EF. These findings support the view that EF may be 1 important factor in the advancement of ToM understanding in autism. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright 2007 APA.

Morbidity and mortality of women and men with intellectual and developmental disabilities newly initiating antipsychotic drugs

PubMed Central

Lunsky, Yona; Cobigo, Virginie; Wilton, Andrew S.; Somerton, Sarah; Seitz, Dallas P.

2016-01-01

Background While up to 45% of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have a comorbid psychiatric disorder, and antipsychotics are commonly prescribed, gender differences in the safety of antipsychotics have rarely been studied in this population. Aims To compare men and women with IDD on medical outcomes after antipsychotic initiation. Method Our population-based study in Ontario, Canada, compared 1457 women and 1951 men with IDD newly initiating antipsychotic medication on risk for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke and death, with up to 4 years of follow-up. Results Women were older and more medically complex at baseline. Women had higher risks for venous thromboembolism (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15–2.59) and death (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02–2.10) in crude analyses; but only thromboembolism risk was greater for women after covariate adjustment (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05–2.38). Conclusions Gender should be considered in decision-making around antipsychotic medications for individuals with IDD. Declaration of interest None. Copyright and usage © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. PMID:27703773

Predicting motor outcome at preschool age for infants tested at 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after term age using the Test of Infant Motor Performance.

PubMed

Kolobe, Thubi H A; Bulanda, Michelle; Susman, Louisa

2004-12-01

Accurate and diagnostic measures are central to early identification and intervention with infants who are at risk for developmental delays or disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the ability of infants' Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) scores at 7, 30, 60 and 90 days after term age to predict motor development at preschool age and (2) the contribution of the home environment and medical risk to the prediction. Sixty-one children from an original cohort of 90 infants who were assessed weekly with the TIMP, between 34 weeks gestational age and 4 months after term age, participated in this follow-up study. The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd edition (PDMS-2), were administered to the children at the mean age of 57 months (SD=4.8 months). The quality and quantity of the home environment also were assessed at this age using the Early Childhood Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (EC-HOME). Pearson product moment correlation coefficients, multiple regression, sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were used to assess the relationship among the TIMP, HOME, medical risk, and PDMS-2 scores. The correlation coefficients between the TIMP and PDMS-2 scores were statistically significant for all ages except at 7 days. The highest correlation coefficient was at 90 days (r=.69, P=.001). The TIMP scores at 30, 60, and 90 days after term; medical risk scores; and EC-HOME scores explained 24%, 23%, and 52% of the variance in the PDMS-2 scores, respectively. The TIMP score at 90 days after term was the most significant contributor to the prediction. The TIMP cutoff score of -0.5 standard deviation below the mean correctly classified 80%, 79%, and 87% of the children using a cutoff score of -2 standard deviations on the PDMS-2 at 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively. The results compare favorably with those of developmental tests administered to infants at 6 months of age or older. These findings underscore the need for age-specific test values and developmental surveillance of infants before making referrals.

Employment status, depressive symptoms, and the mediating/moderating effects of single mothers' coping repertoire.

PubMed

Samuels-Dennis, Joan

2007-01-01

Single mothers, especially those on social assistance, report significantly more depressive symptoms than the general public. This article examines the relationships among employment status, stressful life events, and depressive symptoms among single mothers, with a special focus on the potential mediating and moderating roles of coping repertoire. Cross-sectional survey design. Ninety-six single mothers (48 employed and 48 single mothers on social assistance) who were the primary caregiver for at least 1 child 4-18 years old. Mailed questionnaires that included an adapted version of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the Coping Strategy Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd ed. were completed by study participants. Coping repertoire did not mediate the relationship between either employment status or stress exposure and depressive symptoms. Coping had an antagonistic and differential moderating effect on the association between employment status and depressive symptoms for employed single mothers and mothers receiving social assistance. Effective strategies aimed at promoting single mothers' mental health need to address both the severity of depressive symptoms found among single mothers, and the social-system factors that threaten single mothers' psychological well-being. The implications for practice and policy are discussed.

Nd2Fe14C-based magnet with better permanent magnetic properties prepared by a simple mechanochemical method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geng, Hongmin; Ji, Yuan; Zhang, Jingjing; Gao, Yuchao; Yan, Yu; Wang, Wenquan; Su, Feng; Du, Xiaobo

2017-11-01

Nd2Fe14C-based magnet is prepared by a mechanochemical method, namely high-energy ball-milling Nd2Fe11Bx (x = 0-0.15) alloy in heptane (C7H16), followed by annealing to 850 °C in vacuum. Under the action of high-energy ball-milling, Nd2Fe11Bx react with heptane to form NdH2+δ, Fe-(CB), C, etc. H2 is released and Nd2Fe17, Nd2Fe17Cx (x = 0-3), Nd2Fe14C, Nd carbides and α-Fe are formed in the subsequent annealing. C amount depends on ball-milling time t. Long time ball milling or high C content suppresses the formation of 2:17 phase and favors the formation of 2:14:1 phase in the final products. Excessive ball-milling results in the quick increase of α-Fe. The maximum of magnetically hard Nd2Fe14C is obtained at t = 4 h. For Nd2Fe11 samples, there exists considerable quantity of Nd carbides and α-Fe phase appears earlier and increases rapidly with extending the ball-milling time t. The addition of B element shortens the ball-milling time of the formation of maximum Nd2Fe14C and prominently suppresses the formation of Nd carbide and α-Fe. The optimum magnetic properties, coercivity iHc of 1193.7 kA/m, remanence Mr of 580.9 kA/m, maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max of 91.7 kJ/m3 is approaching to its theoretic value of 99.2 kJ/m3 for isotropic Nd2Fe14C magnet, are obtained in Nd2Fe11B0.06 alloy ball milled for 3.5 h.

Developmental profiles and mentality in preschool children with Prader-Willi syndrome: a preliminary study.

PubMed

Chen, Chien-Min; Chen, Chia-Ling; Hou, Jia-Woei; Hsu, Hung-Chih; Chung, Chia-Ying; Chou, Shih-Wei; Lin, Chu-Hsu; Chen, Kai-Hua

2010-01-01

A majority of the children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) have global developmental delay and mental delay. The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental profiles and mental assessments among preschool children with PWS. Ten children with PWS between the ages of 15 months to 6 years, and 11 children with typical development were enrolled. Developmental profiles in terms of their developmental quotient (DQ) for the eight domains of the Chinese Children Developmental Inventory (CCDI) and mental assessments in terms of intelligence quotient (IQ) and developmental index (DI) were carried out for all children. The DQs of all eight domains, including gross motor, fine motor, expressive language, concept comprehension, situation comprehension, self help, personal- social and general development, in the PWS group were lower than the DQs of the children from the typical development group (p < 0.01). Children with PWS had better DQs in the fine motor domain than in the gross motor domain and in the receptive language domain than in the expressive language domain. Furthermore, their verbal IQ were better than their performance IQ and their mental DI was better than their psychomotor DI. These findings suggest that the children with PWS show an uneven global developmental delay together with an uneven mental delay. The results of this study should allow clinicians to better understand the developmental functioning of children with PWS and this will help with the planning of treatment strategies.

The Effect of Feature Complexity in Spanish Spelling in Grades 1-3

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ford, Karen L.; Invernizzi, Marcia; Huang, Francis L.

2014-01-01

The current study explored a possible continuum of spelling features that children receiving literacy instruction in Spanish might be expected to master in Grades 1-3. We administered a developmental spelling inventory representing nine distinct Spanish spelling features to 864 students in bilingual and dual language schools across the U.S.…

Positive Character Traits of Special Education Staff: Commonalities and Applications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Korn, Maggie A.; Woodard, Cooper R.; Tucker, Chelsea A.

2016-01-01

The goal of the present study was to identify the positive character traits of staff working with a special education population and further understand how staff apply these traits in their work. Twenty-eight staff from a school/treatment program for students with autism and related developmental disorders completed the VIA Inventory of Strengths…

The Development of Scientific Thinking in Elementary School: A Comprehensive Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koerber, Susanne; Mayer, Daniela; Osterhaus, Christopher; Schwippert, Knut; Sodian, Beate

2015-01-01

The development of scientific thinking was assessed in 1,581 second, third, and fourth graders (8-, 9-, 10-year-olds) based on a conceptual model that posits developmental progression from naïve to more advanced conceptions. Using a 66-item scale, five components of scientific thinking were addressed, including experimental design, data…

Measuring Spanish Orthographic Development in Private, Public and Subsidised Schools in Chile

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helman, Lori; Delbridge, Anne; Parker, David; Arnal, Martina; Jara Mödinger, Luz

2016-01-01

The current study has a twofold purpose: first, to determine the reliability of a tool for assessing orthographic development in Spanish; second, to assess differences in students' performance on the measure across multiple types of primary schools in a large city in Chile. A Spanish developmental spelling inventory that contained words of…

Resolution of Disagreements between Romantic Partners, among Adolescents, and Young Adults: Qualitative Analysis of Interaction Discourses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuval-Mashiach, Rivka; Shulman, Shmuel

2006-01-01

The study was designed to explore qualitatively developmental differences in disagreement negotiation and resolution skills between adolescent and young adult romantic partners. Twenty adolescent and 20 young adult couples participated in the study. The Knox inventory was used to measure the level of disagreement between partners on ten domains…

Distribution and Fate of Energetics on DoD Test and Training Ranges

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-11-01

766 ND ND ND 1,2,4-Tdchlorobenzene pg/L 0 954 ND ND ND 1,2-Dibromo-3- Chloropropane pg/L 1 766 0.60 0.60 0.60 1,2-Dibromoethane (Ethylene Dibromide) pg...xxii 1 - Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 - 1 Background... 1 - 1 Scope of Project CP 1155

Ultra-high precision 142Nd/144Nd measurements of the Proterozoic and implications for mixing in the Earth's mantle through time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hyung, E.; Jacobsen, S. B.

2017-12-01

The decay of 146Sm to 142Nd is an excellent a tracer for early silicate differentiation events in the terrestrial planets, as the Sm/Nd ratio is usually fractionated during mantle partial melting and magma ocean crystallization. The short half-life (103 or 68 Ma) renders the system extinct within the first 500 Ma of Solar System formation. Samples with 142Nd/144Nd ratios that are substantially different from the bulk silicate Earth value of 142Nd/144Nd provide clear evidence for mantle differentiation in the Hadean. Published data for the 3.4 to 3.8 Ga old Isua supracrustal rocks and dykes have demonstrated both positive and negative 142Nd/144Nd anomalies (30 ppm range) providing clear evidence for Hadean enriched and depleted mantle reservoirs. In contrast, no 142Nd/144Nd anomalies have been found in modern day terrestrial samples with data that have 2σ uncertainties of about 5 ppm or more. Last year we reported improvements in 142Nd/144Nd measurements, using our IsotopX thermal ionization mass spectrometer, and obtained reproducibility of 142Nd/144Nd ratios to better than 2 ppm at the 2σ level. With this external reproducibility we found that all except one modern mantle-derived basalt had within error identical 142Nd/144Nd ratios. One sample is about 3.4 ppm lower than the rest of the modern basalt samples, providing evidence for some limited Hadean mantle differentiation signatures preserved up to present. We have also measured 142Nd/144Nd ratios for Proterozoic and Phanerozoic samples, whose ages range from 300 Ma to 2 Ga, to better than 2 ppm external reproducibility (2σ). Most of these samples also have 142Nd/144Nd ratios that cluster around the modern day value, but there are some samples that are either marginally high by 2 ppm or low by 2 ppm. Thus, while a 20 to 30 ppm range in 142Nd/144Nd is well resolved in the Archean, such large variability is not present in the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. The relatively rapid changeover at the end of the Archean has important implications for understanding the mixing rate of the mantle through time.

A Pilot Study to Examine the Relationship Between Napping and Fatigue in Nurses Practicing on the Night Shift.

PubMed

Neville, Kathleen; Velmer, Gillian; Brown, Shari; Robol, Nancy

2017-11-01

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of night-shift napping on fatigue. Nurses' fatigue, especially at night, interferes with quality of life and job performance and impacts safety and health. Night-shift nurses completed the Brief Fatigue Inventory and a demographic information sheet to determine differences in fatigue between nurses who napped during their night shift as compared with nurses who did not nap. No statistically significant differences in global fatigue were found; differences in rotating shift, age, and, gender were identified. Rotating shifts, a 2nd job, and caring for family predicted fatigue. Based on this pilot study, further investigations of fatigue among night-shift nurses are needed as well as evidence-based support to promote sleep.

ADHD and Present Hedonism: time perspective as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

PubMed

Weissenberger, S; Klicperova-Baker, M; Zimbardo, P; Schonova, K; Akotia, D; Kostal, J; Goetz, M; Raboch, J; Ptacek, R

2016-01-01

The article draws primarily from the behavioral findings (mainly psychiatric and psychological observations) and points out the important relationships between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and time orientation. Specifically, the authors argue that there is a significant overlap between the symptoms of ADHD and Present Hedonism. Present Hedonism is defined by Zimbardo's time perspective theory and assessed by Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Developmental data on Present Hedonism of males and females in the Czech population sample (N=2201) are also presented. The hypothesis of relationship between ADHD and Present Hedonism is mainly derived from the prevalence of addictive behavior (mainly excessive Internet use, alcohol abuse, craving for sweets, fatty foods, and fast foods), deficits in social learning, and increased aggressiveness both in ADHD and in the population scoring high on Present Hedonism in the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. We conclude that Zimbardo's time perspective offers both: 1) a potential diagnostic tool - the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, particularly its Present Hedonism scale, and 2) a promising preventive and/or therapeutic approach by the Time Perspective Therapy. Time Perspective Therapy has so far been used mainly to treat past negative trauma (most notably, posttraumatic stress disorder); however, it also has value as a potential therapeutic tool for possible behavioral compensation of ADHD.

ADHD and Present Hedonism: time perspective as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic tool

PubMed Central

Weissenberger, S; Klicperova-Baker, M; Zimbardo, P; Schonova, K; Akotia, D; Kostal, J; Goetz, M; Raboch, J; Ptacek, R

2016-01-01

The article draws primarily from the behavioral findings (mainly psychiatric and psychological observations) and points out the important relationships between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and time orientation. Specifically, the authors argue that there is a significant overlap between the symptoms of ADHD and Present Hedonism. Present Hedonism is defined by Zimbardo’s time perspective theory and assessed by Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Developmental data on Present Hedonism of males and females in the Czech population sample (N=2201) are also presented. The hypothesis of relationship between ADHD and Present Hedonism is mainly derived from the prevalence of addictive behavior (mainly excessive Internet use, alcohol abuse, craving for sweets, fatty foods, and fast foods), deficits in social learning, and increased aggressiveness both in ADHD and in the population scoring high on Present Hedonism in the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. We conclude that Zimbardo’s time perspective offers both: 1) a potential diagnostic tool – the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, particularly its Present Hedonism scale, and 2) a promising preventive and/or therapeutic approach by the Time Perspective Therapy. Time Perspective Therapy has so far been used mainly to treat past negative trauma (most notably, posttraumatic stress disorder); however, it also has value as a potential therapeutic tool for possible behavioral compensation of ADHD. PMID:27895485

The complete mitochondrial genome of the giant African snail Achatina fulica (Mollusca: Achatinidae).

PubMed

Yang, Huirong; Zhang, Jia-En; Guo, Jing; Deng, Zhixin; Luo, Hao; Luo, Mingzhu; Zhao, Benliang

2016-05-01

We present the complete mitochondrial genome of the Achatina fulica in this study. The results show that the mitochondrial genome is 15,057 bp in length, which is comprised of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 21 tRNA genes. The nucleotide compositions of the light strand are 35.47% of A, 27.97% of T 19.46% of C, and 17.10% of G. Except the ND3, 7 tRNA, ATP6, ATP8, COX3 and 12S-rRNA on the light strand, the rest are encoded on the heavy strand. Five types of inferred initiation codons are ATA (ND1, ND5), GTG (ND6), ATG (COX3, COX2), ATT (ND4) and TTG (COX1, ND2, ND3, ND4L, ATP6, ATP8, Cytb), and 3 types of inferred termination codons are T (COX3, ND2), TAA (ND1, ND4L, ND5, ND6, ATP6), and TAG (ND3, ND4, COX1, COX2, Cytb, ATP8). There are 24 intergenic spacers and 6 gene overlaps. The tandem repeat sequence (total 52 bp) of (AATAATT)n is observed in 16S-rRNA. Gene arrangement and distribution are inconsistent with the typical vertebrates.

The Effect of Molar Ratio on Crystal Structure and Morphology of Nd1+XFeO3 (X=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) Oxide Alloy Material Synthesized by Solid State Reaction Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zharvan, V.; Kamaruddin, Y. N. I.; Samnur, S.; Sujiono, E. H.

2017-05-01

Perovskite is an oxide alloy which has a structure of ABO3 (A = La, Nd, Sm, Gd; B = Fe, CO, Ni) and has an excellent catalytic activity and gas-sensitive properties. NdFeO3 and its derivatives are important candidates for gas sensors. In this study, the effect of molar ratio (x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) on crystal structure and morphology of Nd1+xFeO3 synthesized by solid state reaction method has been studied. Nd1+xFeO3 samples were prepared using Nd2O3 (99.99 %) and Fe2O3 (99.99 %) as precursors. All of the samples were characterized using XRD to identify the phase and using SEM to identify the morphology. The synthesized Nd1+xFeO3 samples showed that molar ratio strongly influences the intensity, FWHM, and crystalline size. The samples of Nd1+xFeO3 have homogenous morphology and have three major phases, i.e. NdFeO3, Nd(OH)3 and Nd2O3 with crystalline sizes of NdFeO3 of 137.0±0.1 nm, 152.2±0.1 nm and 137.0±0.1 nm for Nd1.1FeO3, Nd1.2FeO3, and Nd1.3FeO3, respectively. These results indicated that the sample of Nd1.2FeO3 was a good candidate for a gas sensor material.

NASA Tests 2nd RS-25 Flight Engine for Space Launch System

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-16

On Jan. 16, 2018, engineers at NASA’s Stennis Space Center in Mississippi conducted a certification test of another RS-25 engine flight controller on the A-1 Test Stand at Stennis Space Center. The 365-second, full-duration test came a month after the space agency capped a year of RS-25 testing with a flight controller test in mid-December. For the “green run” test the flight controller was installed on RS-25 developmental engine E0528 and fired just as during an actual launch. Once certified, the flight controller will be removed and installed on a flight engine for use by NASA’s new deep-space rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS).

Nd2O3-SiO2 nanocomposites: A simple sonochemical preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity.

PubMed

Zinatloo-Ajabshir, Sahar; Mortazavi-Derazkola, Sobhan; Salavati-Niasari, Masoud

2018-04-01

Nd 2 O 3 -SiO 2 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity have been obtained through simple and rapid sonochemical route in presence of putrescine as a new basic agent, for the first time. The influence of the mole ratio of Si:Nd, basic agent and ultrasonic power have been optimized to obtain the best Nd 2 O 3 -SiO 2 nanocomposites on shape, size and photocatalytic activity. The produced Nd 2 O 3 -SiO 2 nanocomposites have been characterized utilizing XRD, EDX, TEM, FT-IR, DRS and FESEM. Application of the as-formed Nd 2 O 3 -SiO 2 nano and bulk structures as photocatalyst with photodegradation of methyl violet contaminant under ultraviolet illumination was compared. Results demonstrated that SiO 2 has remarkable effect on catalytic performance of Nd 2 O 3 photocatalyst for decomposition. By introducing of SiO 2 to Nd 2 O 3 , decomposition efficiency of Nd 2 O 3 toward methyl violet contaminant under ultraviolet illumination was increased. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

National Dam Safety Program. John D. Rockefeller Jr. Dam (Inventory Number N.Y. 665), Lower Hudson River Basin, Westchester County, New York. Phase I Inspection Report,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-05

r .~ ASSIFIED National Dam Safety Program. John D. ASSICATIO1J OWOAGRA01G Rockefeller Jr. Dam (Inventory Number ouL IS. 0:STP.3...JOH A: ROCKEELLE JR. DM.9 Ii Zee~~~~~1- n.,..d*-~~)~ ~ >-. I 20 * * I o u 4V e- VIWN.T MA 21. Ih ftJ 28I ChA S" r . I.’I ’Pi JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER JR. D...AI~~~ ~btt 4f p*~ SCLZ 40 L~~~~-w u 4 1.1l1d~ ___ -I~~-’ JOHN .. AOIEELR R A -*~ - a1 h I VU I I 0 i fe~. f~ ~A I * 1" ~mz ~Z1~t - I +9’-. I ii __

VizieR Online Data Catalog: ND2 rotational spectrum (Melosso+,

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melosso, M.; Degli Esposti, C.; Dore, L.

2018-01-01

files used with the SPFIT/SPCAT program suite. There are 8 files of supplementary material, including a ReadMe, which was created by the AAS data editors. The text files are as follows: 1_Explan.txt = information on the content of the other files. 2ND2.fit = the output file of the fit of spectroscopic data used in the present study. 3ND2.lin = the corresponding line file. 4ND2.par = the corresponding parameter file. 5ND2.cat = the output file of the prediction made with the parameters determined in this study. 6ND2.var = the corresponding parameter file 7ND2.int = the corresponding intensity file (1 data file).

Developmental and behavioural problems in children with severe acute malnutrition in Malawi: A cross–sectional study

PubMed Central

van den Heuvel, Meta; Voskuijl, Wieger; Chidzalo, Kate; Kerac, Marko; Reijneveld, Sijmen A; Bandsma, Robert; Gladstone, Melissa

2017-01-01

Background Early childhood development provides an important foundation for the development of human capital. Although there is a clear relation between stunting and child development outcomes, less information is available about the developmental and behavioural outcomes of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Particularly an important research gap exists in Sub–Saharan Africa where there is a high prevalence of SAM and a high rate of co–occurring HIV (human immune deficiency virus) infection. Our first objective was to assess the prevalence and severity of developmental and behavioural disorders on a cohort of children admitted to an inpatient nutritional rehabilitation centre in Malawi. Our second objective was to compare the developmental and behavioural profiles of children with the two main phenotypes of SAM: kwashiorkor and marasmus. Methods This was a cross–sectional observational study including all children hospitalized with complicated SAM in Blantyre, Malawi over an 8–month period from February to October 2015. At discharge, children were assessed with the well-validated Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT) for gross motor, fine motor, language and social development. In children ≥24 months, emotional and behavioural problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results 150 children (55% boys) with SAM were recruited; mean age of 27.2 months (standard deviation 17.9), 27 children (18%) had pre–existing neurodisabilities (ND) and 34 (23%) had a co–occurring human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection. All children with SAM experienced profound delays in the gross and fine motor, language and social domains. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that children with kwashiorkor scored 0.75 standard deviations lower (95% confidence interval –1.43 to –0.07) on language MDAT domain than children with marasmus when adjusted for covariates. The prosocial behaviour score of the SDQ was low in children with SAM, indicating a lack of sensitive behaviour in social interactions. Conclusions Children with SAM have severe developmental delays after a hospital admission. Our results indicate that there might be a significant difference in developmental attainment between children with kwashiorkor and with marasmus. Future studies exploring longer–term outcomes and testing possible intervention strategies are urgently needed. PMID:29302321

Deduction of the chemical state and the electronic structure of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy core-level and valence-band spectra

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Jing; Liang, Le; Zhang, Lanting, E-mail: lantingzh@sjtu.edu.cn, E-mail: lmsun@sjtu.edu.cn

2014-10-28

Characterization of chemical state and electronic structure of the technologically important Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound is attractive for understanding the physical nature of its excellent magnetic properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of such rare-earth compound is important and also challenging due to the easy oxidation of surface and small photoelectron cross-sections of rare-earth 4f electrons and B 2p electrons, etc. Here, we reported an investigation based on XPS spectra of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound as a function of Ar ion sputtering time. The chemical state of Fe and that of B in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound can be clearlymore » determined to be 0 and −3, respectively. The Nd in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound is found to have the chemical state of close to +3 instead of +3 as compared with the Nd in Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. In addition, by comparing the valence-band spectrum of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound to that of the pure Fe, the contributions from Nd, Fe, and B to the valence-band structure of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound is made more clear. The B 2p states and B 2s states are identified to be at ∼11.2 eV and ∼24.6 eV, respectively, which is reported for the first time. The contribution from Nd 4f states can be identified both in XPS core-level spectrum and XPS valence-band spectrum. Although Nd 4f states partially hybridize with Fe 3d states, Nd 4f states are mainly localized in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound.« less

Ultra-high-precision Nd-isotope measurements of geological materials by MC-ICPMS

PubMed Central

Saji, Nikitha Susan; Wielandt, Daniel; Paton, Chad; Bizzarro, Martin

2016-01-01

We report novel techniques allowing the measurement of Nd-isotope ratios with unprecedented accuracy and precision by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using the new protocol, we have measured the Nd-isotopic composition of rock and synthetic Nd standards as well as that of the Allende carbonaceous chondrite. Analyses of BCR-2, BHVO-2 and GSP-2 rock standards yield mass-independent compositions identical to the JNdi-1 Nd-reference standard, with an external reproducibility of 2.4, 1.6, 1.6 and 3.5 ppm respectively, on μ142Nd, μ145Nd, μ146Nd and μ150Nd (μ representing the ppm-deviation of the ratios from JNdi-1) using 148Nd/144Nd for internal normalization. This represents an improvement in precision by a factor of 2, 7 and 9 respectively for μ142Nd, μ145Nd and μ150Nd. Near-quantitative recovery from purification chemistry and sample-standard bracketing allow for the determination of mass-dependent Nd-isotopic composition of samples. Synthetic standards, namely La Jolla and AMES, record mass-dependent variability of up to 1.2 ε per atomic mass unit and mass-independent compositions resolvable by up to 3 ppm for μ142Nd and 8 ppm for μ150Nd, relative to JNdi-1. The mass-independent compositions are consistent with equilibrium mass fractionation during purification. The terrestrial rock standards define a uniform stable ε145Nd of −0.24 ± 0.19 (2SD) relative to JNdi-1, indistinguishable from the mean Allende ε145Nd of −0.19 ± 0.09. We consider this value to represent the mass-dependent Nd-isotope composition of Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE). The modest mass-dependent fractionation of JNdi-1 relative to BSE results in potential effects on mass-independent composition that cannot be resolved within the reproducibility of our analyses when correcting for natural and instrumental mass fractionation by kinetic law, making it a suitable reference standard for analysis of unknowns. Analysis of Allende (CV3) carbonaceous chondrite returns an average μ142Nd deficit of −30.1 ± 3.7 ppm in agreement with previous studies. The apparent deficit is, however, lowered to −23.8 ± 4.0 ppm while normalizing to 148Nd/144Nd instead of 146Nd/144Nd. We interpret this as the effect of a possible nucleosynthetic anomaly of −6.3 ± 0.5 ppm in μ146Nd. As 142Nd and 146Nd are both s-process-dominated nuclides, this hints at the possibility that terrestrial μ142Nd excess may not reflect 146Sm decay as widely accepted. PMID:27429505

Motor testing at 1 year improves the prediction of motor and mental outcome at 2 years after perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

PubMed

van Schie, Petra E M; Becher, Jules G; Dallmeijer, Annet J; Barkhof, Frederik; Van Weissenbruch, Mirjam M; Vermeulen, R Jeroen

2010-01-01

To investigate the predictive value of motor testing at 1 year for motor and mental outcome at 2 years after perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term neonates. Motor and mental outcome at 2 years was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd edition (BSID-II) in 32 surviving children (20 males, 12 females; mean gestational age 40.2 wk, SD 1.4; mean birthweight 3217g, SD 435) participating in a prospective cohort study of HIE. The predictive value of three motor tests (Alberta Infant Motor Scale [AIMS], BSID-II, and the Neurological Optimality Score [NOS]) at 1 year was analysed, in addition to predictions based on neonatal Sarnat staging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Poor motor test results were defined as an AIMS z-score of <-2, a psychomotor developmental index of the BSID-II of <70, or a NOS of <26. Poor motor and poor mental outcome at 2 years was defined as a psychomotor developmental index or mental developmental index of the BSID-II of <70. Twelve children, all with Sarnat grade II, had a poor motor outcome and 12 children, of whom one had Sarnat grade I, had a poor mental outcome at 2 years. Nine children had cerebral palsy, of whom five had quadriplegia, three had dyskinesia, and one had hemiplegia. Poor motor tests at 1 year increased the probability of a poor motor outcome from 71% (range 92 to 100%), and a poor mental outcome from 59% (range 77 to 100%) in children with Sarnat grade II and abnormal MRI, assessed with the AIMS and BSID-II or NOS respectively. Additional motor testing at 1 year improves the prediction of motor and mental outcome at 2 years in children with Sarnat grade II and abnormal MRI.

NIR emitting K2SrCl4:Eu2+, Nd3+ phosphor as a spectral converter for CIGS solar cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tawalare, P. K.; Bhatkar, V. B.; Omanwar, S. K.; Moharil, S. V.

2018-05-01

Intense near-infrared emitting phosphor K2SrCl4:Eu2+,Nd3+ with various concentrations of Nd3+ were synthesized. These are characterized with X-ray diffraction, reflectance, photoluminescence emission and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, PL lifetime measurements. The emission can be excited by a broad band in near ultra violet region as a consequence of Eu2+→Nd3+ energy transfer. The efficiency of Eu2+→Nd3+ energy transfer is as high as 95%. Fluorescence decay curves for Eu2+ doped samples are almost exponential and described by τ = 500 ns. Eu2+ lifetimes are shortened after Nd3+ doping. Near infrared Emission intensity is limited by Nd3+→Nd3+ energy transfer and the consequent concentration quenching. Nd3+ emission matches well with the spectral response of CIGS and CIS solar cells. Absorption of near ultra violet radiations followed by conversion to near infrared indicates the potential application in solar photovoltaics.

X-ray absorption studies of gamma irradiated Nd doped phosphate glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rai, V. N.; Rajput, Parasmani; Jha, S. N.; Bhattacharyya, D.

2015-06-01

This paper presents the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) studies of Nd doped phosphate glasses before and after gamma irradiation. The intensity and location of LIII edge white line peak of Nd changes depending on its concentration as well as on the ratio of O/Nd in the glass matrix. The decrease in the peak intensity of white line after gamma irradiation indicates towards reduction of Nd3+ to Nd2+ in the glass matrix, which increases with an increase in the doses of gamma irradiation. Similarity in the XANES spectra of Nd doped phosphate glasses and Nd2O3 suggests that coordination geometry around Nd3+ in glass samples may be identical to that of Nd2O3.

Early childrearing practices and their relationship to academic performance in Mexican American children.

PubMed

Arevalo, Amanda; Kolobe, Thubi H A; Arnold, Sandra; DeGrace, Beth

2014-01-01

To examine whether parenting behaviors and childrearing practices in the first 3 years of life among Mexican American (MA) families predict children's academic performance at school age. Thirty-six children were assessed using the Parent Behavior Checklist, Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory, and Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Academic performance was measured with the Illinois Standards Achievement Test during third grade. Correlation between parents' developmental expectations, nurturing behaviors, discipline, and academic performance were statistically significant (P < .05). Developmental expectations and discipline strategies predicted 30% of the variance in the Illinois Standards Achievement Test of reading. The results of this study suggest that early developmental expectations that MA parents have for their children, and the nurturing and discipline behaviors they engage in, are related to how well the children perform on academic tests at school age.

Basic numerical capacities and prevalence of developmental dyscalculia: the Havana Survey.

PubMed

Reigosa-Crespo, Vivian; Valdés-Sosa, Mitchell; Butterworth, Brian; Estévez, Nancy; Rodríguez, Marisol; Santos, Elsa; Torres, Paul; Suárez, Ramón; Lage, Agustín

2012-01-01

The association of enumeration and number comparison capacities with arithmetical competence was examined in a large sample of children from 2nd to 9th grades. It was found that efficiency on numerical capacities predicted separately more than 25% of the variance in the individual differences on a timed arithmetical test, and this occurred for both younger and older learners. These capacities were also significant predictors of individual variations in an untimed curriculum-based math achievement test and on the teacher scores of math performance over developmental time. Based on these findings, these numerical capacities were used for estimating the prevalence and gender ratio of basic numerical deficits and developmental dyscalculia (DD) over the grade range defined above (N = 11,652 children). The extent to which DD affects the population with poor ability on calculation was also examined. For this purpose, the prevalence and gender ratio of arithmetical dysfluency (AD) were estimated in the same cohort. The estimated prevalence of DD was 3.4%, and the male:female ratio was 4:1. However, the prevalence of AD was almost 3 times as high (9.35%), and no gender differences were found (male:female ratio = 1.07:1). Basic numerical deficits affect 4.54% of school-age population and affect more boys than girls (2.4:1). The differences between the corresponding estimates were highly significant (α < .01). Based on these contrastive findings, it is concluded that DD, defined as a defective sense of numerosity, could be a distinctive disorder that affects only a portion of children with AD.

The temperature dependence of magnetic anisotropy of Nd-Fe-B thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, Takuya; Hashimoto, Ryuji; Tanaka, Yoshitomo; Suzuki, Kenichi; Enokido, Yasushi; Choi, Kyung-Ku; Suzuki, Takao

2018-05-01

The magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B thin films with the three different compositions (#1: Nd12.6Fe81.5B5.9, #2: Nd14.6Fe78.1B7.4 and #3: Nd22.6Fe66.2B11.2) are discussed. With increasing Nd content, the c-axis orientation along the film normal is enhanced. It is found that sample #2 possesses the saturation magnetization Ms very close to that for Nd2Fe14B over a temperature range from 100 to about 300K. The magnetic anisotropy constant Ku2 for sample #2 is the highest among those samples, but smaller by about 20%, as compared to that for Nd2Fe14B. It is of interest to note that the temperature TR at which Ku1 changes its sign is lower by about 30K as compared to that previously reported for Nd2Fe14B. The reason for this discrepancy is not clear, but could be due to the presence of the minority phases of Nd-rich compounds and also a possible contribution of the magneto-elastic effect to the net magnetic anisotropy.

Parents' Reports of Lexical and Grammatical Aspects of Toddlers' Language in European Portuguese: Developmental Trends, Age and Gender Differences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silva, Carla; Cadime, Irene; Ribeiro, Iolanda; Santos, Sandra; Santos, Ana Lúcia; Viana, Fernanda Leopoldina

2017-01-01

The results from a large-scale study on toddlers' language acquisition in European Portuguese are presented. Toddlers' lexical and grammatical competencies were assessed using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences. The results, based on 3012 reports completed by parents, indicate an increase in the lexical…

Virtual Journey Coupled with Face-to-Face Exchange: Enhancing the Cultural Sensitivity and Competence of Graduate Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellenwood, Audrey E.; Snyders, Frederik J. A.

2010-01-01

This study attempted to enhance cultural sensitivity for graduate students at an American and a South African university, using a six-week online List Serv, email buddy exchange, and two-week face-to-face experience. After the course was over, results of the intercultural developmental inventory, using "t"-tests for related samples,…

Psychometric Properties of the Epistemological Development in Teaching Learning Questionnaire (EDTLQ): An Inventory to Measure Higher Order Epistemological Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kjellström, Sofia; Golino, Hudson; Hamer, Rebecca; Van Rossum, Erik Jan; Almers, Ellen

2016-01-01

Qualitative research supports a developmental dimension in views on teaching and learning, but there are currently no quantitative tools to measure the full range of this development. To address this, we developed the Epistemological Development in Teaching and Learning Questionnaire (EDTLQ). In the current study the psychometric properties of the…

A Long-Term Predictive Validity Study: Can the CDI Short Form be Used to Predict Language and Early Literacy Skills Four Years Later?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Can, Dilara Deniz; Ginsburg-Block, Marika; Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathryn

2013-01-01

This longitudinal study examined the predictive validity of the MacArthur Communicative Developmental Inventories-Short Form (CDI-SF), a parent report questionnaire about children's language development (Fenson, Pethick, Renda, Cox, Dale & Reznick, 2000). Data were first gathered from parents on the CDI-SF vocabulary scores for seventy-six…

A Multi-Informant Approach to Measuring Depressive Symptoms in Clinical Assessments of Adolescent Social Anxiety Using the Beck Depression Inventory-II: Convergent, Incremental, and Criterion-Related Validity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rausch, Erica; Racz, Sarah J.; Augenstein, Tara M.; Keeley, Lauren; Lipton, Melanie F.; Szollos, Sebastian; Riffle, James; Moriarity, Daniel; Kromash, Rachelle; De Los Reyes, Andres

2017-01-01

Background: Among adolescents, depressive symptoms commonly co-occur with social anxiety, with social anxiety often developmentally preceding depressive symptoms. Thus, evidence-based assessments of adolescent social anxiety should be augmented with assessments of depressive symptoms using measures that can be administered across developmental…

The expression characteristics of mt-ND2 gene in chicken.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenwen; Hou, Lingling; Wang, Ting; Lu, Weiwei; Tao, Yafei; Chen, Wen; Du, Xiaohui; Huang, Yanqun

2016-09-01

Subunit 2 of NADH dehydrogenase (ND2) is encoded by the mt-ND2 gene and plays a critical role in controlling the production of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Our study focused on exploring the mt-ND2 tissue expression patterns and the effects of energy restriction and dietary fat (linseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil or lard) level (2.5% and 5%) on its expression in chicken. The results showed that mt-ND2 gene was expressed in the 15 tissues of hybrid chickens with the highest level in heart and lowest level in pancreas tissue; 30% energy restriction did not significantly affect mt-ND2 mRNA level in chicken liver tissue. Both the mt-ND2 mRNA levels in chicken pectoralis (p < 0.05) and hepatic tissues (p < 0.05) at 42 d-old were affected by the type of dietary fats in 5% level, while not in abdominal fat tissues. The expression of mt-ND2 in hepatic tissues was down-regulated with chicken age (p < 0.01). The interactive effect of dietary fat types with chicken age (p < 0.05) was significant on mt-ND2 mRNA level. The study demonstrated that mt-ND2 gene was extensively expressed in tissues, and the expression was affected by dietary fat types and chicken age.

Hard and Soft Tissue Changes Following Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis and Mandibular Setback with Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy.

PubMed

Bawane, Shilpa S; Andrade, Neelam N

2016-12-01

(1) To highlight the role of intraoral submerged device in distraction osteogenesis (DO) of patients requiring two jaw surgeries for the correction of severe developmental maxillary hypoplasia (MH) and mandibular prognathism (MP) (2) To analyse the hard and soft tissue changes following maxillary DO and mandibular setback with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) in patients with severe MH and MP requiring two jaw surgeries. During the period Jan 2004 to Dec 2006, five patients with severe developmental MH along with MP were treated. In 1st stage maxillary distraction was done. Distraction started on 6th postoperative day, 1 mm distraction was carried out for 10-15 days on either side. Serial radiographs were taken immediate postoperative period for baseline comparison, post-distraction and at the end of distraction. After a period of 3-4 months of distraction 2nd stage was done. In 2nd stage, mandibular setback was done with BSSO and distractors were removed under general anesthesia. Radiographs were taken immediately and at 4 months post-operatively. Cephalometric tracings were carried out preoperatively, post DO and finally after mandibular setback with BSSO. The mean horizontal movement of maxilla was 11.4 mm at ANS and 9.6 mm at A point. Upper incisor edge was advanced by 8.8 mms. SNA increased by 8.4° and SNB decreased by 4.6°. Nasal projection advanced by 4°. Nasolabial angle normalized in all patients, mean change achieved was 10.8°. Upper lip moved forward by 5.4 mm. Lower lip moved backward by 5.4 mm. Mandible positioned backward by 4 mm at B point. No vertical change occurred in the position of A, ANS and upper incisor edges. Mean increase in skeletal angle of convexity was 26.4°. Concave profile was significantly changed to convex in all patients. Maxillary DO and mandibular setback with BSSO was associated with improved facial balance and esthetics.

Exogenous attention enhances 2nd-order contrast sensitivity

PubMed Central

Barbot, Antoine; Landy, Michael S.; Carrasco, Marisa

2011-01-01

Natural scenes contain a rich variety of contours that the visual system extracts to segregrate the retinal image into perceptually coherent regions. Covert spatial attention helps extract contours by enhancing contrast sensitivity for 1st-order, luminance-defined patterns at attended locations, while reducing sensitivity at unattended locations, relative to neutral attention allocation. However, humans are also sensitive to 2nd-order patterns such as spatial variations of texture, which are predominant in natural scenes and cannot be detected by linear mechanisms. We assess whether and how exogenous attention—the involuntary and transient capture of spatial attention—affects the contrast sensitivity of channels sensitive to 2nd-order, texture-defined patterns. Using 2nd-order, texture-defined stimuli, we demonstrate that exogenous attention increases 2nd-order contrast sensitivity at the attended location, while decreasing it at unattended locations, relative to a neutral condition. By manipulating both 1st- and 2nd-order spatial frequency, we find that the effects of attention depend both on 2nd-order spatial frequency of the stimulus and the observer’s 2nd-order spatial resolution at the target location. At parafoveal locations, attention enhances 2nd-order contrast sensitivity to high, but not to low 2nd-order spatial frequencies; at peripheral locations attention also enhances sensitivity to low 2nd-order spatial frequencies. Control experiments rule out the possibility that these effects might be due to an increase in contrast sensitivity at the 1st-order stage of visual processing. Thus, exogenous attention affects 2nd-order contrast sensitivity at both attended and unattended locations. PMID:21356228

Pathways From Depressive Symptoms to Low Social Status

PubMed Central

Agoston, Anna M.; Rudolph, Karen D.

2012-01-01

This research examined two pathways through which depressive symptoms contribute to low social status (i.e., neglect and rejection) within the peer group over time: (a) depressive symptoms promote socially helpless behavior and consequent neglect by peers; and (b) depressive symptoms promote aggressive behavior and consequent rejection by peers. These pathways were investigated in independent samples of youth at two developmental stages: middle childhood (2nd – 4th grade) and early adolescence (5th – 7th grade). In both Study 1 (M age = 7.97, SD = .37; 338 girls, 298 boys) and Study 2 (M age = 11.74, SD = .68; 305 girls, 300 boys), youth and their teachers completed questionnaires at three waves. Multi-group comparison path analyses were conducted to examine sex differences in the models. Consistent with expectations, two pathways emerged through which depressive symptoms undermined subsequent social status. Support was not found for the reverse direction of effect nor for developmental or sex differences in the pathways with one exception: In early adolescence, neglect directly predicted depressive symptoms. These findings suggest specificity but also heterogeneity in the effects of depressive symptoms on social status, and identify behaviors that may be targeted for preventing the persistence of depression and its interpersonal consequences. PMID:22945342

Pathways from depressive symptoms to low social status.

PubMed

Agoston, Anna M; Rudolph, Karen D

2013-02-01

This research examined two pathways through which depressive symptoms contribute to low social status (i.e., neglect and rejection) within the peer group over time: (a) depressive symptoms promote socially helpless behavior and consequent neglect by peers; and (b) depressive symptoms promote aggressive behavior and consequent rejection by peers. These pathways were investigated in independent samples of youth at two developmental stages: middle childhood (2nd-4th grade) and early adolescence (5th-7th grade). In both Study 1 (M age = 7.97, SD = 0.37; 338 girls, 298 boys) and Study 2 (M age = 11.74, SD = 0.68; 305 girls, 300 boys), youth and their teachers completed questionnaires at three waves. Multi-group comparison path analyses were conducted to examine sex differences in the models. Consistent with expectations, two pathways emerged through which depressive symptoms undermined subsequent social status. Support was not found for the reverse direction of effect nor for developmental or sex differences in the pathways with one exception: In early adolescence, neglect directly predicted depressive symptoms. These findings suggest specificity but also heterogeneity in the effects of depressive symptoms on social status, and identify behaviors that may be targeted for preventing the persistence of depression and its interpersonal consequences.

Solvent Selection for Extraction of Neodymium Concentrates of Monazite Sand Processed Product

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Setyadji, Moch; Purwani, MV

2018-02-01

The extraction of neodymium concentrates of monazite sand processed product has been done. The objective of this investigation was to determine the best solvent to separate Nd from Nd concentrate. As an aqueous phase was Nd(OH)3 concentrated in HNO3 and as solvent or the organic phase was trioctylamine (TOA). tryibuthyl phosphate (TBP). trioctylphosphine oxyde (TOPO) and di-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in kerosene. The investigated variables were HNO3 concentration. feed concentration. solvent concentration or solvent in kerosene. time and stirring speeds. From the investigation on the selection of solvent for the extraction of Nd(OH)3 concentrate with various solvents. it was concluded that the extraction of Nd could be carried out by using TBP or TOA. Extraction of Nd using TOA at the optimum HNO3 concentration of 2M. feed concentration of 5 gram/10 mL. TOA in kerosene concentration of 6 %. stirring time of 15 minutes. stirring speed of 200 rpm was chosen if the Y concentration in Nd concentrate is small. In these condition DNd obtained was 0.65; extraction efficiency of Nd (ENd)=37.10%. the concentrations of Nd2(C2O4)3 = 67.14%. Ce2(C2O4)3 = 1.79%. La2(C2O4)3 = 1.37% and Y2(C2O4)3 = 24.70%. Extraction of Nd using TBP at the optimum HNO3 concentration of 1M. feed concentration of 5 gram/10 m. the TBP concentration in kerosene of 15%. stirring time of 15 minutes and stirring speed of 200 rpm was chosen if the Ce concentration in Nd concentrate is small. In these condition DNd obtained was 0.20. extraction efficiency of Nd (ENd)=17%. concentration of Nd2(C2O4)3 = 70.84%. Ce2(C2O4)3=15.53%. La2(C2O4)3 = 0.00% and Y2(C2O4)3 = 8.63%.

Highly efficient continuous-wave laser operation of LD-pumped Nd,Gd:CaF2 and Nd,Y:CaF2 crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pang, Siyuan; Ma, Fengkai; Yu, Hao; Qian, Xiaobo; Jiang, Dapeng; Wu, Yongjing; Zhang, Feng; Liu, Jie; Xu, Jiayue; Su, Liangbi

2018-05-01

Spectroscopic properties of Nd:CaF2 crystals are investigated. The photoluminescence intensity in the near infrared region is drastically enhanced by co-doping Gd3+ ions and Y3+ in Nd:CaF2 crystals. Preliminary laser experiments are carried out with 0.3%Nd,5%Gd:CaF2 and 0.3%Nd,5%Y:CaF2 crystals under laser diode pumping; true continuous wave laser operation is achieved with slope efficiencies of 42% and 39%, respectively, and the maximum output power reaches 1.188 W.

Tracking the emergence of the consonant bias in visual-word recognition: evidence with developing readers.

PubMed

Soares, Ana Paula; Perea, Manuel; Comesaña, Montserrat

2014-01-01

Recent research with skilled adult readers has consistently revealed an advantage of consonants over vowels in visual-word recognition (i.e., the so-called "consonant bias"). Nevertheless, little is known about how early in development the consonant bias emerges. This work aims to address this issue by studying the relative contribution of consonants and vowels at the early stages of visual-word recognition in developing readers (2(nd) and 4(th) Grade children) and skilled adult readers (college students) using a masked priming lexical decision task. Target words starting either with a consonant or a vowel were preceded by a briefly presented masked prime (50 ms) that could be the same as the target (e.g., pirata-PIRATA [pirate-PIRATE]), a consonant-preserving prime (e.g., pureto-PIRATA), a vowel-preserving prime (e.g., gicala-PIRATA), or an unrelated prime (e.g., bocelo -PIRATA). Results revealed significant priming effects for the identity and consonant-preserving conditions in adult readers and 4(th) Grade children, whereas 2(nd) graders only showed priming for the identity condition. In adult readers, the advantage of consonants was observed both for words starting with a consonant or a vowel, while in 4(th) graders this advantage was restricted to words with an initial consonant. Thus, the present findings suggest that a Consonant/Vowel skeleton should be included in future (developmental) models of visual-word recognition and reading.

Histologic comparison of the CO2 laser and Nd:YAG with and without water/air surface cooling on tooth root structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cobb, Charles M.; Spencer, Paulette; McCollum, Mark H.

1995-05-01

Specimens consisted of 18 extracted single rooted teeth unaffected by periodontal disease. After debriding roots, specimens were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups and subjected to a single pass, at varying energy densities, of a CO2, Nd:YAG, and Nd:YAG with air/water surface cooling (Nd:YAG-C). The rate of exposure was controlled at 4 mm/sec. Approximate energy densities were: CO2, 138, 206, 275, and 344 J/cm2; Nd:YAG, 114, 171, 229, and 286 J/cm2; Nd:YAG-C, 286, 343, 514, and 571 J/cm2. The CO2 laser was used both in continuous and pulsed beam modes (20 Hz, 0.01 sec pulse length and 0.8 mm dia spot size) whereas the Nd:YAG and Nd:YAG-C were preset at 50 Hz, 0.08 sec pulse length and 0.6 mm dia spot size. Specimen examination by SEM revealed, for all lasers, a direct correlation between increasing energy densities and depth of tissue ablation and width of tissue damage. However, to achieve the same relative dept of tissue ablation, the Nd:YAG-C required higher energy densities than either the CO2 or Nd:YAG lasers. The Nd:YAG-C generated a cavitation with sharply defined margins. Furthermore, regardless of energy density, and in contrast with other laser types, areas treated with the Nd:YAG-C did not exhibit collateral zones of heat damaged surface tissue.

77 FR 20727 - Changes in Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-06

... executive officer of the community'', ``301 West 2nd Street, 2nd Floor Austin, Texas 78701'' should read ``301 West 2nd Street, 2nd Floor, Austin, Texas 78701''. [FR Doc. C1-2011-25157 Filed 4-5-12; 8:45 am...

A longitudinal investigation of repressive coping and ageing.

PubMed

Erskine, James; Kvavilashvili, Lia; Myers, Lynn; Leggett, Sarah; Davies, Steve; Hiskey, Syd; Hogg, Joanna; Yeo, Sophia; Georgiou, George

2016-10-01

Two studies investigated the possibility that repressive coping is more prevalent in older adults and that this represents a developmental progression rather than a cohort effect. Study 1 examined repressive coping and mental health cross-sectionally in young and old adults. Study 2 examined whether there was a developmental progression of repressive coping prevalence rates in a longitudinal sample of older adults. Study 1 compared younger adults (mean age 27.6 years) with older adults (mean age 74.2 years) on inventories of mental health and well-being and examined the prevalence of repressive coping in both samples. Study 2 re-tested a sample of older adults previously reported following an interval of 7 years. Study 1 - in line with previous research older adults demonstrated greater psychological well-being and had a higher prevalence of repressive coping than younger adults (at 30% vs. 12% respectively). Study 2 - the data indicated that the prevalence of repressive coping rose from 41% at the first time of testing (2002) to 56.4% at the second testing interval (2009). These results suggest that repressive coping may increase across the lifespan in certain individuals and continue to increase throughout older adulthood. Furthermore, this increase in repressive coping with age appears to result in better well-being in those older adults who become repressive copers.

Textured Nd2Fe14B flakes with enhanced coercivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cui, B. Z.; Zheng, L. Y.; Marinescu, M.; Liu, J. F.; Hadjipanayis, G. C.

2012-04-01

Morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of the [001] textured Nd2Fe14B nanocrystalline flakes prepared by surfactant-assisted high energy ball milling (HEBM) and subsequent annealing were studied. These flakes have a thickness of 80-200 nm, a length of 0.5-10 μm, and an average grain size of 10-14 nm. The addition of some amount of Dy, Nd70Cu30 alloy, and an appropriate post annealing increased the coercivity iHc of the Nd2Fe14B flakes. iHc was 3.7, 4.3, and 5.7 kOe for the Nd15.5Fe78.5B6, Nd14Dy1.5Fe78.5B6 and 83.3 wt.% Nd14Dy1.5Fe78.5B6 + 16.7 wt.% Nd70Cu30 flakes prepared by HEBM for 5 h in heptane with 20 wt.% oleylamine, respectively. After annealing at 450 °C for 0.5 h, their iHc increased to 5.1, 6.2, and 7.0 kOe, respectively. Anisotropic magnetic behavior was found in all of the as-milled and annealed flakes. Both, the thickening of Nd-rich phase at grain boundaries via diffusion of Nd70Cu30 and the surface modification of the Nd2Fe14B flake could be the main reasons for the coercivity enhancement in the as-milled and annealed Nd70Cu30-added Nd2Fe14B flakes.

Microstructure evolution and coercivity enhancement in Nd-Fe-B thin films diffusion-processed by R-Al alloys (R=Nd, Pr)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Yigao; Yang, Yang; Zhang, Tongbo; Fu, Yanqing; Jiang, Qingzheng; Ma, Shengcan; Zhong, Zhenchen; Cui, Weibin; Wang, Qiang

2018-05-01

Diffusion process by Nd-Al and Pr-Al alloys was compared and investigated in Nd-Fe-B thin films. Enhanced coercivity 2.06T and good squareness was obtained by using Pr85Al15 and Nd85Al15 alloys as diffusion sources. But the coercivity of diffusion-processed thin films by Pr70Al30 and Pr55Al45 alloys decreased to 2.04T and 1.82T. High ambient coercivity of 2.26T was achieved in diffusion-processed thin film by Nd70Al30 leading to an improved coercivity thermal stability because Nd2Fe14B grains were enveloped by Nd-rich phase as seen by transmission electron microscopy Nd-loss image. Meanwhile, microstructure-dependent parameters α and Neff were improved. However, high content of Al in diffusion-processed thin film by Nd55Al45 lead to degraded texture and coercivity.

Reading Performance of Young Adults With ADHD Diagnosed in Childhood.

PubMed

Miranda, Ana; Mercader, Jessica; Fernández, M Inmaculada; Colomer, Carla

2017-02-01

To study reading performance of young adults with ADHD and its relation with executive functioning. Thirty young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD and 30 with normal development (ND) were compared on reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension. Furthermore, ADHD with reading disabilities (ADHD+RD) and ADHD without reading disabilities (ADHD-RD) subgroups were compared using self-report and informant-report versions of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A). Adults with ADHD obtained significantly worse results than the ND adults on reading speed, responses to literal questions, and a cloze test. Although the comparison of the ADHD+RD and ADHD-RD groups did not show significant differences on the BRIEF-A subscales, the ADHD+RD group surpassed the critical percentile (85) on more subscales, with working memory and metacognition especially affected. The findings point out that reading should be assessed in individuals with ADHD as part of their evaluation to design effective early interventions.

Recycling of the anode from spent Ni-MH batteries for synthesis of the lanthanide oxysulfide/oxysulfate compounds used in an oxygen storage and release system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dixini, P. V. M.; Celante, V. G.; Lelis, M. F. F.; Freitas, M. B. J. G.

2014-08-01

In this work, lanthanide oxysulfide/oxysulfate compounds, denominated as an oxygen storage and release system, have been synthesized from the anode electrodes of spent Ni-MH batteries. The rare earth metals have recovered by means of chemical precipitation as a mixture of La2(SO4)3, Ce2(SO4)3, and Nd2(SO4)3. The synthesis of (La·Nd)O2S·CeO2 have been carried out by subjecting a mixture of La2(SO4)3, Ce2(SO4)3, and Nd2(SO4)3 to a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere up to 1000 °C. The (La·Nd)O2SO4·CeO2 compounds have been obtained after thermal treatment of (La·Nd)O2S·CeO2 in a synthetic air atmosphere. The oxysulfide/oxysulfate compounds have been subjected to thermal cycles, respectively, in synthetic air as well as in an N2-CO atmosphere. The thermogravimetric plot (TG) for (La·Nd)2O2S·CeO2 shows a mass gain of 14.98% w/w in a temperature range of 300-550 °C, which is due to the oxidation of (La·Nd)2O2S·CeO2 to (La·Nd)2O2SO4CeO2, where 2 mol of O2 are added. Likewise, in the (La·Nd)2O2SO4CeO2 thermogravimetric plot, a mass loss of 17.16% w/w is observed in the range of 500-750 °C. This loss of mass can be associated with output of 2 mol of O2 forming again the (La·Nd)2O2S·CeO2. The transformation of the (La·Nd)2·O2S·CeO2 to (La·Nd)2O2SO4CeO2 causes an increase in the macropores.

STOPPIT Baby Follow-Up Study: The Effect of Prophylactic Progesterone in Twin Pregnancy on Childhood Outcome

PubMed Central

McNamara, Helen Christine; Wood, Rachael; Chalmers, James; Marlow, Neil; Norrie, John; MacLennan, Graeme; McPherson, Gladys; Boachie, Charles; Norman, Jane Elizabeth

2015-01-01

Objectives To determine the long-term effects of in utero progesterone exposure in twin children. Methods This study evaluated the health and developmental outcomes of all surviving children born to mothers who participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of progesterone given for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancies (STOPPIT, ISRCTN35782581). Follow-up was performed via record linkage and two parent-completed validated questionnaires, the Child Development Inventory and the Health Utilities Index. Results Record linkage was successfully performed on at least one record in 759/781 (97%) children eligible for follow-up. There were no differences between progesterone-exposed and placebo-exposed twins with respect to incidence of death, congenital anomalies and hospitalisation, nor on routine national child health assessments. Questionnaire responses were received for 324/738 (44%) children. The mean age at questionnaire follow-up was 55.5 months. Delay in at least one developmental domain on the Child Development Inventory was observed in 107/324 (33%) children, with no evidence of difference between progesterone-exposed and placebo-exposed twins. There was no evidence of difference between the progesterone and placebo groups in global health status assessed using the Health Utilities Index: 89% of children were rated as having ‘excellent’ health and a further 8% as having ‘very good’ health. Conclusions In this cohort of twin children there was no evidence of a detrimental or beneficial impact on health and developmental outcomes at three to six years of age due to in utero exposure to progesterone. PMID:25881289

Fluorescence properties of Nd3+-doped tellurite glasses.

PubMed

Kumar, K Upendra; Prathyusha, V A; Babu, P; Jayasankar, C K; Joshi, A S; Speghini, A; Bettinelli, M

2007-07-01

The compositional and concentration dependence of luminescence of the (4)F(3/2)-->(4)I(J) (J=13/2, 11/2 and 9/2) transitions in four Nd(3+)-doped tellurite based glasses has been studied. The free-ion energy levels obtained for 60TeO(2)+39ZnO(2)+1.0Nd(2)O(3) (TZN10) glass have been analysed using the free-ion Hamiltonian model and compared with similar results obtained for Nd(3+):glass systems. The absorption spectrum of TZN10 glass has been analysed using the Judd-Ofelt theory. Relatively longer decay rates have been obtained for Nd(3+)-doped phosphotellurite glasses. The emission characteristics of the (4)F(3/2)-->(4)I(11/2) transition, of the Nd(3+):TZN10 glass, are found to be comparable to those obtained for Nd(3+):phosphate laser glasses. The non-exponential shape of the emission decay curves for the (4)F(3/2)-->(4)I(11/2) transition is attributed to the presence of energy transfer processes between the Nd(3+) ions.

Judd-Ofelt analysis and energy transfer processes of Er3+ and Nd3+ doped fluoroaluminate glasses with low phosphate content

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Feifei; Zhang, Yu; Hu, Lili; Chen, Danping

2014-12-01

Spectroscopic property and energy transfer processes of singly doped and codoped Er3+ and Nd3+ fluoroaluminate glasses with low phosphate content are systematically analyzed. The absorption spectra of these glasses are tested, and the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) and radiative parameters are discussed based on J-O theory and the parameters changes substantially because of the other codoping ions. As for Nd3+: the main emission bands at 0.9 and 1.05 μm decrease in the codoped sample under the excitation of an 800 nm laser diode from the emission spectra because the Er3+: 4I11/2 level reduces the Nd3+: 4F3/2 level effectively through the energy transfer process Nd3+: 4F3/2 → Er3+: 4I11/2. For Er3+, the emission at 1.5 μm is restrained by codoping with Nd3+ ions from the energy transfer process Er3+: 4I13/2 → Nd3+: 4I15/2. The emission at 2.7 μm is enhanced because the Nd3+ ions deplete the lower level and exert a positive effect on the upper laser level. The microparameters of the energy transfer between the Er3+ and Nd3+ ions are calculated and discussed using Forster-Dexter theory. The energy transfer efficiencies of the Nd3+: 4F3/2 to the Er3+: 4I11/2 and the Er3+: 4I13/2 to the Nd3+: 4I15/2 are 28.8% and 74.5%, respectively. These results indicate that Nd3+ can be an efficient sensitizer for Er3+ to obtain Mid-infrared (Mid-IR) emission and the codoped Er3+/Nd3+ fluoroaluminate glass with low phosphate content is suitable to be used as the fiber optical gain media for 2.7 μm laser generation.

A review of fundamental principles for animal models of DOHaD research: an Australian perspective.

PubMed

Dickinson, H; Moss, T J; Gatford, K L; Moritz, K M; Akison, L; Fullston, T; Hryciw, D H; Maloney, C A; Morris, M J; Wooldridge, A L; Schjenken, J E; Robertson, S A; Waddell, B J; Mark, P J; Wyrwoll, C S; Ellery, S J; Thornburg, K L; Muhlhausler, B S; Morrison, J L

2016-10-01

Epidemiology formed the basis of 'the Barker hypothesis', the concept of 'developmental programming' and today's discipline of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Animal experimentation provided proof of the underlying concepts, and continues to generate knowledge of underlying mechanisms. Interventions in humans, based on DOHaD principles, will be informed by experiments in animals. As knowledge in this discipline has accumulated, from studies of humans and other animals, the complexity of interactions between genome, environment and epigenetics, has been revealed. The vast nature of programming stimuli and breadth of effects is becoming known. As a result of our accumulating knowledge we now appreciate the impact of many variables that contribute to programmed outcomes. To guide further animal research in this field, the Australia and New Zealand DOHaD society (ANZ DOHaD) Animals Models of DOHaD Research Working Group convened at the 2nd Annual ANZ DOHaD Congress in Melbourne, Australia in April 2015. This review summarizes the contributions of animal research to the understanding of DOHaD, and makes recommendations for the design and conduct of animal experiments to maximize relevance, reproducibility and translation of knowledge into improving health and well-being.

Developmental dissociation in the neural responses to simple multiplication and subtraction problems

PubMed Central

Prado, Jérôme; Mutreja, Rachna; Booth, James R.

2014-01-01

Mastering single-digit arithmetic during school years is commonly thought to depend upon an increasing reliance on verbally memorized facts. An alternative model, however, posits that fluency in single-digit arithmetic might also be achieved via the increasing use of efficient calculation procedures. To test between these hypotheses, we used a cross-sectional design to measure the neural activity associated with single-digit subtraction and multiplication in 34 children from 2nd to 7th grade. The neural correlates of language and numerical processing were also identified in each child via localizer scans. Although multiplication and subtraction were undistinguishable in terms of behavior, we found a striking developmental dissociation in their neural correlates. First, we observed grade-related increases of activity for multiplication, but not for subtraction, in a language-related region of the left temporal cortex. Second, we found grade-related increases of activity for subtraction, but not for multiplication, in a region of the right parietal cortex involved in the procedural manipulation of numerical quantities. The present results suggest that fluency in simple arithmetic in children may be achieved by both increasing reliance on verbal retrieval and by greater use of efficient quantity-based procedures, depending on the operation. PMID:25089323

Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children from 1 to 3 years

PubMed Central

Wouldes, Trecia A.; LaGasse, Linda L.; Huestis, Marilyn A.; DellaGrotta, Sheri; Dansereau, Lynne M.; Lester, Barry M.

2014-01-01

Background: Despite the evidence that women world-wide are using methamphetamine (MA) during pregnancy little is known about the neurodevelopment of their children. Design: The controlled, prospective longitudinal New Zealand (NZ) Infant Development, Environment and Lifestyle (IDEAL) study was carried out in Auckland, NZ. Participants were 103 children exposed to MA prenatally and 107 not exposed. The Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID-II) measured cognitive and motor performance at ages 1, 2 and 3, and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale, Second Edition (PDMS-II) measured gross and fine motor performance at 1 and 3. Measures of the child’s environment included the Home Observation of Measurement of the Environment and the Maternal Lifestyle Interview. The Substance Use Inventory measured maternal drug use. Results: After controlling for other drug use and contextual factors, prenatal MA exposure was associated with poorer motor performance at 1 and 2 years on the BSID-II. No differences were observed for cognitive development (MDI). Relative to non-MA exposed children, longitudinal scores on the PDI and the gross motor scale of the PDMS-2 were 4.3 and 3.2 points lower, respectively. Being male and of Maori descent predicted lower cognitive scores (MDI) and being male predicted lower fine motor scores (PDMS-2) Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to MA was associated with delayed gross motor development over the first 3 years, but not cognitive development. However, being male and of Maori descent were both associated with poorer cognitive outcomes. Males in general did more poorly on tasks related to fine motor development. PMID:24566524

Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children from 1 to 3 years.

PubMed

Wouldes, Trecia A; Lagasse, Linda L; Huestis, Marilyn A; Dellagrotta, Sheri; Dansereau, Lynne M; Lester, Barry M

2014-01-01

Despite the evidence that women world-wide are using methamphetamine (MA) during pregnancy little is known about the neurodevelopment of their children. The controlled, prospective longitudinal New Zealand (NZ) Infant Development, Environment and Lifestyle (IDEAL) study was carried out in Auckland, NZ. Participants were 103 children exposed to MA prenatally and 107 who were not exposed. The Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID-II) measured cognitive and motor performances at ages 1, 2 and 3, and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale, Second Edition (PDMS-II) measured gross and fine motor performances at 1 and 3. Measures of the child's environment included the Home Observation of Measurement of the Environment and the Maternal Lifestyle Interview. The Substance Use Inventory measured maternal drug use. After controlling for other drug use and contextual factors, prenatal MA exposure was associated with poorer motor performance at 1 and 2 years on the BSID-II. No differences were observed for cognitive development (MDI). Relative to non-MA exposed children, longitudinal scores on the PDI and the gross motor scale of the PDMS-2 were 4.3 and 3.2 points lower, respectively. Being male and of Maori descent predicted lower cognitive scores (MDI) and being male predicted lower fine motor scores (PDMS-2). Prenatal exposure to MA was associated with delayed gross motor development over the first 3 years, but not with cognitive development. However, being male and of Maori descent were both associated with poorer cognitive outcomes. Males in general did more poorly on tasks related to fine motor development. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Developmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants (<1,000 g) during the first three years of life].

PubMed

Jiménez Martín, A M; Servera Ginard, C; Roca Jaume, A; Frontera Juan, G; Pérez Rodríguez, J

2008-04-01

Obstetrics and Perinatal Care has improved in the last few years. As a result there has been a significant increase in preterm babies and longer survival. The risk of abnormalities in their development is high; they need follow up, prompt action and prevention from the neonatal period. We evaluated 116 preterm babies, birth weight less than or equal to 1,000 grams, admitted to our Unit over 5 years. Seventy five neonates survived after the neonatal period (64.7 %). We studied the development during the first three years of life. The number of admissions of extremely low birth weigh infants has increased by 100 % in the last five years and the survival has increased by 15 %. Failure to thrive was the most frequent problem; in the first 2 years of life neonatal growth retardation was present in more than 50 % of cases (58 % 1st year, 57 % 2nd year, 40 % 3rd year). Catch-up growth occurred except in infants who had intrauterine growth retardation. Motor function disorders were the most serious; minor alterations in this system were the most frequent but usually did not compromise the life of the patient. Cerebral palsy was present in 14 % in the 1st year of life, 17,4 % 2nd year and 19 % 3rd year. Retinopathy of prematurity was very high in our group (74 %), but ophthalmic sequela were infrequent (3.2 % 1st year, 3.9 % 2nd year, and 3.4 % 3rd year); similarly with hearing function (deafness 2.0 %). Only some mild or moderate language development delay was present and psychomotor development was normal in the majority of cases and those who were retarded improved with time. Nowadays there is a significant increase in the incidence and survival of extremely low birth weigh infants. They have a higher risk of abnormal development. The most frequent problem is failure to thrive and the most serious is cerebral palsy. Major ophthalmic and hearing sequela are rare. Psychomotor and language development is normal in the majority of these patients.

Comparison of DSM-IV Symptoms in Elementary School-Age Children with PDD versus Clinic and Community Samples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gadow, Kenneth D.; Devincent, Carla J.; Pomeroy, John; Azizian, Allen

2005-01-01

This study compares DSM-IV symptoms in children (ages 6 to 12 years) with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), clinic controls, and community-based samples. Parents/teachers completed the Child Symptom Inventory-4 for four samples: PDD (N= 284/284) and non-PDD psychiatric clinic referrals (N= 189/181) and pupils in regular (N= 385/404) and…

Concordance of the Mini-Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults Who Have Developmental Disabilities (PASADD) and the Brief Symptom Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beail, N.; Mitchell, K.; Vlissides, N.; Jackson, T.

2015-01-01

Background: When assessing the mental health needs of people who have intellectual disabilities (ID) it is important to use measures that have good validity and reliability to ensure accurate case recognition and reliable and valid outcome data. Measures developed for this purpose tend to be self-report or by informant report. Multi-trait…

Development of a Computerized Adaptive Test of Children's Gross Motor Skills.

PubMed

Huang, Chien-Yu; Tung, Li-Chen; Chou, Yeh-Tai; Wu, Hing-Man; Chen, Kuan-Lin; Hsieh, Ching-Lin

2018-03-01

To (1) develop a computerized adaptive test for gross motor skills (GM-CAT) as a diagnostic test and an outcome measure, using the gross motor skills subscale of the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers (CDIIT-GM) as the candidate item bank; and (2) examine the psychometric properties and the efficiency of the GM-CAT. Retrospective study. A developmental center of a medical center. Children with and without developmental delay (N=1738). Not applicable. The CDIIT-GM contains 56 universal items on gross motor skills assessing children's antigravity control, locomotion, and body movement coordination. The item bank of the GM-CAT had 44 items that met the dichotomous Rasch model's assumptions. High Rasch person reliabilities were found for each estimated gross motor skill for the GM-CAT (Rasch person reliabilities =.940-.995, SE=.68-2.43). For children aged 6 to 71 months, the GM-CAT had good concurrent validity (r values =.97-.98), adequate to excellent diagnostic accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristics curve =.80-.98), and moderate to large responsiveness (effect size =.65-5.82). The averages of items administered for the GM-CAT were 7 to 11, depending on the age group. The results of this study support the use of the GM-CAT as a diagnostic and outcome measure to estimate children's gross motor skills in both research and clinical settings. Copyright © 2017 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Second-order cosmological perturbations. I. Produced by scalar-scalar coupling in synchronous gauge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Bo; Zhang, Yang

2017-11-01

We present a systematic study of the 2nd-order scalar, vector, and tensor metric perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter Universe in synchronous coordinates. For the scalar-scalar coupling between 1st-order perturbations, we decompose the 2nd-order perturbed Einstein equation into the respective field equations of 2nd-order scalar, vector, and tensor perturbations, and obtain their solutions with general initial conditions. In particular, the decaying modes of solution are included, the 2nd-order vector is generated even if the 1st-order vector is absent, and the solution of the 2nd-order tensor corrects that in literature. We perform general synchronous-to-synchronous gauge transformations up to 2nd order generated by a 1st-order vector field ξ(1 )μ and a 2nd-order ξ(2 )μ . All the residual gauge modes of 2nd-order metric perturbations and density contrast are found, and their number is substantially reduced when the transformed 3-velocity of dust is set to zero. Moreover, we show that only ξ(2 )μ is effective in carrying out 2nd-order transformations that we consider, because ξ(1 )μ has been used in obtaining the 1st-order perturbations. Holding the 1st-order perturbations fixed, the transformations by ξ(2 )μ on the 2nd-order perturbations have the same structure as those by ξ(1 )μ on the 1st-order perturbations.

Correlation Between Mothers' Depression and Developmental Delay in Infants Aged 6-18 Months.

PubMed

Vameghi, Roshanak; Amir Ali Akbari, Sedigheh; Sajjadi, Homeira; Sajedi, Firoozeh; Alavimajd, Hamid

2015-08-23

Regarding the importance of children's developmental status and various factors that delay their development, this study was conducted to examine the correlation between mothers' depression levels and the developmental delay in infants. This descriptive study was performed on 1053 mothers and their infants' age 6 to18 month-old in medical centers affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2014-2015. The participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The following instruments were used in this study: A demographic and obstetric specification questionnaire, infant specification questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to determine the status of the children's development. The data were analyzed using SPSS19 software, Mann-Whitney; independent T-test and logistic-Regression tests were used. The results showed that 491 mothers (46.7%) suffered mild to extremely severe depression. The delay in infant development was 11.8%. The Mann-Whitney test showed a correlation between mothers' depression levels and developmental delay in infants (P=0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between mothers' depression and developmental delays in gross-motor and problem-solving skills (P<0/05). In logistic model age of infants showed significant correlation with developmental delay (P=0.004 OR=1.07), but unwanted pregnancy, gender of infants, type of delivery and socioeconomic status had no correlation with developmental delay. Given the correlation between mothers' depression and infant development, it is recommended to screen mothers for depression in order to perform early interventions in developmental delay.

Child sexual behavior inventory: a comparison between Latino and normative samples of preschoolers.

PubMed

Kenny, Maureen C; Wurtele, Sandy K

2013-01-01

There is a relative dearth of research examining normative sexual behavior in Latino preschool children, despite an increased presence of Latinos as a minority population in the United States. To meet this need, a sample of Latino mothers were asked to complete the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI; Friedrich et al., 1992 ) on their preschool-aged children (3 to 5 years old; n = 188). When their children's scores were compared to CSBI normative data, significant differences emerged. Compared to the normative sample, Latino boys and girls scored significantly higher on the sexual abuse specific items subscale, and Latino girls scored significantly higher on the developmentally related sexual behavior subscale. Possible cultural explanations for these elevations are explored.

Life stressors and social resources: an integrated assessment approach.

PubMed

Moos, R H; Fenn, C B; Billings, A G

1988-01-01

The Life Stressors and Social Resources Inventory (LISRES) is described. The inventory provides an integrated assessment of an individual's life context. It taps both relatively stable and new aspects of life stressors and social resources in eight domains: physical health, home/neighborhood, financial, work, spouse/partner, children, extended family, and friends. The indices were developed on data obtained at two points in time from groups of depressed patients, alcoholic patients, arthritic patients, and healthy adults. The indices are internally consistent, moderately intercorrelated, and relatively stable over time. In addition, they are predictably related to changes in respondents' functioning. Although more developmental work is needed, the LISRES has some potential clinical and research applications and may be helpful in examining the process of stress and coping.

Textured Nd2Fe14B flakes with enhanced coercivity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cui, BZ; Zheng, LY; Marinescu, M

2012-04-01

Morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of the [001] textured Nd2Fe14B nanocrystalline flakes prepared by surfactant-assisted high energy ball milling (HEBM) and subsequent annealing were studied. These flakes have a thickness of 80-200 nm, a length of 0.5-10 mu m, and an average grain size of 10-14nm. The addition of some amount of Dy, Nd70Cu30 alloy, and an appropriate post annealing increased the coercivity H-i(c) of the Nd2Fe14B flakes. iHc was 3.7, 4.3, and 5.7 kOe for the Nd15.5Fe78.5B6, Nd14Dy1.5Fe78.5B6 and 83.3wt.% Nd14Dy1.5Fe78.5B6+16.7 wt.% Nd70Cu30 flakes prepared by HEBM for 5 h in heptane with 20 wt.% oleylamine, respectively. After annealingmore » at 450 degrees C for 0.5h, their iHc increased to 5.1, 6.2, and 7.0 kOe, respectively. Anisotropic magnetic behavior was found in all of the as-milled and annealed flakes. Both, the thickening of Nd-rich phase at grain boundaries via diffusion of Nd70Cu30 and the surface modification of the Nd2Fe14B flake could be the main reasons for the coercivity enhancement in the as-milled and annealed Nd70Cu30-added Nd2Fe14B flakes. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3679425]« less

Tracking Hadean processes in modern basalts with 142-Neodymium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horan, M. F.; Carlson, R. W.; Walker, R. J.; Jackson, M.; Garçon, M.; Norman, M.

2018-02-01

The short-lived 146Sm→142 Nd isotope system (t1/2 = 103 Ma) provides constraints on the timing and processes of terrestrial silicate fractionation during the early Hadean. Although some Archean terranes preserve variability in 142Nd/144Nd, no anomalies have been resolved previously in young rocks. This study provides high precision 142Nd/144Nd data on a suite of ocean island basalts from Samoa and Hawaii previously shown to have variable depletions in 182W/184W that are inversely correlated with 3He/4He ratios. Improved analytical techniques and multiple replicate analyses of Nd show a variation in μ142 Nd values between -1.3 and +2.7 in the suite, relative to the JNdi standard. Given the reproducibility of the standard (±2.9 ppm, 2 SD), two Samoan samples exhibit resolved variability in their 142Nd/144Nd ratios outside of their 95% confidence intervals, suggesting minor variability in the Samoan hotspot. One sample from Samoa has a higher μ142 Nd of +2.7, outside the 95% confidence interval (±1.0 ppm) of the average of the JNdi standard. Limited, but resolved, variation in 142Nd/144Nd within the suite suggests the preservation of early Hadean silicate differentiation in the sources of at least some basalts from Samoa. Larger variations of 182W/184W and 3He/4He ratios in the same samples suggest that metal-silicate separation and mantle outgassing left a more persistent imprint on the accessible mantle compared to 142Nd/144Nd ratios which are impacted by early silicate differentiation.

Cognitive advantages and disadvantages in early and late bilinguals.

PubMed

Pelham, Sabra D; Abrams, Lise

2014-03-01

Previous research has documented advantages and disadvantages of early bilinguals, defined as learning a 2nd language by school age and using both languages since that time. Relative to monolinguals, early bilinguals manifest deficits in lexical access but benefits in executive function. We investigated whether becoming bilingual after childhood (late bilinguals) can produce the cognitive advantages and disadvantages typical of early bilinguals. Participants were 30 monolingual English speakers, 30 late English-Spanish bilinguals, and 30 early Spanish-English bilinguals who completed a picture naming task (lexical access) and an attentional network task (executive function). Late and early bilinguals manifested equivalent cognitive effects in both tasks, demonstrating lexical access deficits and executive function benefits. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that cognitive effects associated with bilingualism arise as the result of proficient, habitual use of 2 languages and not of developmental changes associated with becoming bilingual during childhood.

Hybrid organic-inorganic connectivity of NdIII(pyrazine-N,N'-dioxide)[CoIII(CN)6]3- coordination chains for creating near-infrared emissive Nd(iii) showing field-induced slow magnetic relaxation.

PubMed

Chorazy, Szymon; Charytanowicz, Tomasz; Wang, Junhao; Ohkoshi, Shin-Ichi; Sieklucka, Barbara

2018-05-29

A near-infrared emissive and magnetically anisotropic Nd(iii) complex is formed within a hybrid organic-inorganic {[NdIII(pzdo)(H2O)4][CoIII(CN)6]}·0.5(pzdo)·4H2O (1) (pzdo = pyrazine-N,N'-dioxide) ladder chain built of coexisting Nd-pzdo-Nd and Nd-NC-Co molecular bridges. 1 reveals two NdIII-centered properties, a field-induced slow magnetic relaxation of a single-ion origin with a thermal energy barrier of ΔE/kB = 51(2) K at Hdc = 1 kOe, and a near-infrared fluorescence sensitized by organic and inorganic linkers.

Poly[diaqua­tris­(μ4-1,3-phenyl­enediacetato)­dineodymium(III)

PubMed Central

Gao, Zhu-Qing; Lv, Dong-Yu; Li, Hong-Ji; Gu, Jin-Zhong

2011-01-01

In the title coordination polymer, [Nd2(C10H8O4)3(H2O)2]n, each of the two NdIII ions is nine-coordinated by eight O atoms from six different 2,2′-(m-phenyl­ene)diacetate (pda) bivalent anions and by one O atom from a water mol­ecule, forming a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic coordination geometry. Eight NdIII ions and 12 pda ligands form a large [Nd8(pda)12] ring, and four NdIII ions and six pda ligands form a small [Nd4(pda)6] ring. These rings are further connected by the coordination inter­actions of pda ligands and NdIII, generating a three-dimensional supra­molecular framework. PMID:21522305

[Effect of phosphate on the exchangeable form and the bioavailability of exogenous neodymium in soil].

PubMed

Xu, Z; Li, D; Yang, J; Peng, A

2001-05-01

Effects of phosphate on the exchangeable form and the bioavailability of exogenous neodymium (Nd) in soil were studied with 147Nd isotopic tracer. Exchangeable Nd was extracted with solution (pH8.2) of NaAc. The results indicated that Nd beyond 99.5% was adsorbed by soil whether phosphate exists in soil or not. Phosphate can precipitate dramatically Nd3+. And the Nd phosphate precipitates may set limits on the concentration of exchangeable Nd observed in soil. KH2PO4 ranging from 0.3 g.kg-1 to 1.5 g.kg-1 make a uniform impact on the exchangeable form of Nd. In addition, phosphate in soil can inhibit wheat seedling to absorb Nd. The concentration of exchangeable Nd is correlated significantly with the content of Nd in wheat seedling.

Does relative body fat influence the Movement ABC-2 assessment in children with and without developmental coordination disorder?

PubMed

Faught, Brent E; Demetriades, Stephen; Hay, John; Cairney, John

2013-12-01

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a condition that results in an impairment of gross and/or fine motor coordination. Compromised motor coordination contributes to lower levels of physical activity, which is associated with elevated body fat. The impact of elevated body fat on motor coordination diagnostic assessments in children with DCD has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine if relative body fat influences performance on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Edition (MABC-2) test items in children with and without DCD. A nested case-control, design was conducted within the Physical Health Activity Study Team longitudinal cohort study. The MABC-2 was used to assess motor coordination to categorize cases and matched controls. Relative body fat was assessed using whole body air displacement plethysmography. Relative body fat was negatively associated with the MABC-2 "balance" subcategory after adjusting for physical activity and DCD status. Relative body fat did not influence the subcategories of "manual dexterity" or "aiming and catching". Item analysis of the three balance tasks indicated that relative body fat significantly influences both "2-board balance" and "zig-zag hopping", but not "walking heel-toe backwards". Children with higher levels of relative body fat do not perform as well on the MABC-2, regardless of whether the have DCD or not. Dynamic balance test items are most negatively influenced by body fat. Health practitioners and researchers should be aware that body fat can influence results when interpreting MABC-2 test scores. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparative toxicities of selected rare earth elements: Sea urchin embryogenesis and fertilization damage with redox and cytogenetic effects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pagano, Giovanni, E-mail: gbpagano@tin.it; Guida, Marco; Siciliano, Antonietta

Background: Broad-ranging adverse effects are known for rare earth elements (REE), yet only a few studies tested the toxicity of several REE, prompting studies focusing on multi-parameter REE toxicity. Methods: Trichloride salts of Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd were tested in Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos and sperm for: (1) developmental defects in either REE-exposed larvae or in the offspring of REE-exposed sperm; (2) fertilization success; (3) mitotic anomalies in REE-exposed embryos and in the offspring of REE-exposed sperm, and (4) reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. Results: REEs affectedmore » P. lividus larvae with concentration-related increase in developmental defects, 10{sup −6} to 10{sup −4} M, ranking as: Gd(III)>Y(III)>La(III)>Nd(III)≅Eu(III)>Ce(III)≅Sm(III). Nominal concentrations of REE salts were confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Significant increases in MDA levels, ROS formation, and NO levels were found in REE-exposed embryos. Sperm exposure to REEs (10{sup −5} to 10{sup −4} M) resulted in concentration-related decrease in fertilization success along with increase in offspring damage. Decreased mitotic activity and increased aberration rates were detected in REE-exposed embryos and in the offspring of REE-exposed sperm. Conclusion: REE-associated toxicity affecting embryogenesis, fertilization, cytogenetic and redox endpoints showed different activities of tested REEs. Damage to early life stages, along with redox and cytogenetic anomalies should be the focus of future REE toxicity studies. - Highlights: • Seven rare earth elements exerted different effects on sea urchin early life stages. • Embryo-, spermio- and mitotoxicity, and oxidative/ nitrosative stress were found. • Nominal vs. analytical REE concentrations were checked. • Comparative toxicities were evaluated for the different REE.« less

Substitution of Nd with other rare earth elements in melt spun Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B magnets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, D. N.; Lau, D.; Chen, Z.

2016-05-15

This is a contemporary study of rapidly quenched Nd{sub 1.6}X{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 14}B magnetic materials (where X= Nd, Y, Ce, La, Pr, Gd and Ho). A 20% substitution of the Nd component from Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B can bring about some commercial advantage. However, there will be some compromise to the magnetic performance. Light rare earth elements are definitely more abundant (Y, Ce, La) than the heavier rare earth elements, but when they are included in RE{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B magnets they tend to lower magnetic performance and thermal stability. Substituting heavy rare earth elements (Gd, Ho) for Nd in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}Bmore » improves the thermal stability of magnets but causes a loss in magnet remanence.« less

High performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets without critical elements

DOE PAGES

Pathak, Arjun K.; Gschneidner, Jr., K. A.; Khan, M.; ...

2016-01-28

Scanning electron microscopy, and magnetization measurements reveal that as cast (Nd 1–xCe x) 2Fe 14B alloys contain significant amounts of α-Fe that can be dramatically reduced by annealing the alloys at 1000 °C for 3 days. The room temperature intrinsic coercivity, Hci, of (Nd 0.8Ce 0.2) 2.2Fe 14B melt spun ribbons was found to be 11 kOe, which is ~32 to ~10% higher in comparison to that of Nd 2Fe 14B (Hci = 8.3 kOe), and (Nd 0.8Ce 0.2) 2.0Fe 14B (Hci = 10 kOe), respectively. The substitution of Co for Fe in (Nd 0.8Ce 0.2) 2Fe 14–zCo zB significantlymore » increases both TC and the maximum energy product, (BH)max. Our study shows that both Co-containing and Co-free Ce-substituted Nd 2Fe 14B alloys have excellent magnetic properties at room temperature and above. As a result, the experimental results also demonstrate the potential of Nd-Ce-Fe-TM-B based alloys as alternative to expensive Dy-containing high performance rare earth magnets.« less

Effects of trace elements on the crystal field parameters of Nd ions at the surface of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B grains

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Toga, Yuta; Suzuki, Tsuneaki; Sakuma, Akimasa, E-mail: sakuma@solid.apph.tohoku.ac.jp

2015-06-14

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the positional dependence of trace elements such as O and Cu on the crystal field parameter A{sub 2}{sup 0}, proportional to the magnetic anisotropy constant K{sub u} of Nd ions placed at the surface of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B grains. The results suggest the possibility that the A{sub 2}{sup 0} parameter of Nd ions at the (001) surface of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B grains exhibits a negative value when the O or Cu atom is located near the surface, closer than its equilibrium position. At the (110) surface, however, O atoms located at the equilibrium position providemore » a negative A{sub 2}{sup 0}, while for Cu additions A{sub 2}{sup 0} remains positive regardless of Cu's position. Thus, Cu atoms are expected to maintain a positive local K{sub u} of surface Nd ions more frequently than O atoms when they approach the grain surfaces in the Nd-Fe-B grains.« less

Epitaxial growth of iridate pyrochlore Nd 2Ir 2O 7 films

DOE PAGES

Gallagher, J. C.; Esser, B. D.; Morrow, R.; ...

2016-02-29

Epitaxial films of the pyrochlore Nd 2Ir 2O 7 have been grown on (111)-oriented yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates by off-axis sputtering followed by post-growth annealing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrate phase-pure epitaxial growth of the pyrochlore films on YSZ. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) investigation of an Nd 2Ir 2O 7 film with a short post-annealing provides insight into the mechanism for crystallization of Nd 2Ir 2O 7 during the post-annealing process. STEM images reveal clear pyrochlore ordering of Nd and Ir in the films. As a result, the epitaxial relationship between the YSZ and Nd 2Ir 2O 7 ismore » observed clearly while some interfacial regions show a thin region with polycrystalline Ir nanocrystals.« less

A neodymium(III)-ammonium complex involving oxalate and carbonate ligands: (NH4)2[Nd2(C2O4)3(CO3)(H2O)].H2O.

PubMed

Trombe, Jean-Christian; Galy, Jean; Enjalbert, Renée

2002-10-01

The title compound, diammonium aqua-mu-carbonato-tri-mu-oxalato-dineodymium(III) hydrate, (NH(4))(2)[Nd(2)(CO(3))(C(2)O(4))(3)(H(2)O)].H(2)O, involving the two ligands oxalate and carbonate, has been prepared hydrothermally as single crystals. The Nd atoms form a tetranuclear unit across the inversion centre at (1/2, 1/2, 1/2). Starting from this tetranuclear unit, the oxalate ligands serve to develop a three-dimensional network. The carbonate group acts as a bis-chelating ligand to two Nd atoms, and is monodentate to a third Nd atom. The oxalate groups are all bis-chelating. The two independent Nd atoms are ninefold coordinated and the coordination polyhedron of these atoms is a distorted monocapped antiprism.

Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-Nd Binary System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Miao; Li, Changrong; Du, Zhenmin; Guo, Cuiping; Niu, Chunju

The Ge-Nd has been critically assessed by means of the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) technique. For the liquid phase, the associate model was used with the constituent species Ge, Nd, Ge3Nd5 and Ge1.6Nd in the Ge-Nd system. The terminal solid solution diamond-(Ge), dhcp-(Nd) and bcc_A2-(Nd) in the Ge-Nd system were described using the substitutional model, in which the excess Gibbs energy was formulated with the Redlich-Kister equation. The compounds with homogeneity ranges, α(Ge1.6Nd), β(Ge1.6Nd), (GeNd), (Ge4Nd5) and (Ge3Nd5) were modeled using two sublattices as α(Ge,Nd)1.6Nd, β(Ge,Nd)1.6Nd, (Ge,Nd)Nd, (Ge,Nd)4Nd5 and (Ge,Nd)3Nd5, respectively. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for each of the Ge-Nd binary systems was obtained. The calculation results agree well with the available experimental data from literatures.

Phase equilibria and crystal chemistry of the CaO-1/2 >Nd2O3-CoOz system at 885 °C in air

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong-Ng, W.; Laws, W.; Talley, K. R.; Huang, Q.; Yan, Y.; Martin, J.; Kaduk, J. A.

2014-07-01

The phase diagram of the CaO-1/2 >Nd2O3-CoOz system at 885 °C in air has been determined. The system consists of two calcium cobaltate compounds that have promising thermoelectric properties, namely, the 2D thermoelectric oxide solid solution, (Ca3-xNdx)Co4O9-z (0≤x≤0.5), which has a misfit layered structure, and Ca3Co2O6 which consists of 1D chains of alternating CoO6 trigonal prisms and CoO6 octahedra. Ca3Co2O6 was found to be a point compound without the substitution of Nd on the Ca site. The reported Nd2CoO4 phase was not observed at 885 °C. A ternary (Ca1-xNd1+x)CoO4-z (x=0) phase, or (CaNdCo)O4-z, was found to be stable at this temperature. A solid solution region of distorted perovskite (Nd1-xCax)CoO3-z (0≤x≤0.25, space group Pnma) was established. In the peripheral binary systems, while a solid solution region was identified for (Nd1-xCax)2O3-z (0≤x≤0.2), Nd was not found to substitute in the Ca site of CaO. Six solid solution tie-line regions and six three-phase regions were determined in the CaO-Nd2O3-CoOz system in air.

An evolutionary switch in ND2 enables Src kinase regulation of NMDA receptors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scanlon, David P.; Bah, Alaji; Krzeminski, Mickaël; Zhang, Wenbo; Leduc-Pessah, Heather L.; Dong, Yi Na; Forman-Kay, Julie D.; Salter, Michael W.

2017-05-01

The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src is a key signalling hub for upregulating the function of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Src is anchored within the NMDAR complex via NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2), a mitochondrially encoded adaptor protein. The interacting regions between Src and ND2 have been broadly identified, but the interaction between ND2 and the NMDAR has remained elusive. Here we generate a homology model of ND2 and dock it onto the NMDAR via the transmembrane domain of GluN1. This interaction is enabled by the evolutionary loss of three helices in bilaterian ND2 proteins compared to their ancestral homologues. We experimentally validate our model and demonstrate that blocking this interaction with an ND2 fragment identified in our experimental studies prevents Src-mediated upregulation of NMDAR currents in neurons. Our findings establish the mode of interaction between an NMDAR accessory protein with one of the core subunits of the receptor.

Nandrolone decanoate negatively reverses the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiac muscle via sarcolemmal, but not mitochondrial K(ATP) channel.

PubMed

Bayat, Gholamreza; Javan, Mohammad; Safari, Fatemeh; Khalili, Azadeh; Shokri, Saeed; Goudarzvand, Mahdi; Salimi, Mehdi; Hajizadeh, Sohrab

2016-03-01

ATP-sensitive potassium channels are supposed to have a substantial role in improvement of cardiac performance. This study was performed to evaluate whether nandrolone decanoate (ND) and (or) exercise training could affect the expression of cardiac K(ATP) channel subunits. Thirty-five male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including sedentary control (SC), sedentary vehicle (SV), sedentary ND (SND), exercise control (EC), and exercise and ND (E+ND). Exercise training was performed on a treadmill 5 times per week. ND was injected (10 mg/kg/week, i.m.) to the rats in the SND and E+ND groups. Following cardiac isolation, the expression of both sarcolemmal and mitochondrial subunits of K(ATP) channel was measured using Western blot method. The expression of sarcolemmal, but not mitochondrial, subunits of K(ATP) channel (Kir6.2 and SUR2) of EC group was significantly higher compared with SC group while ND administration (SND group) did not show any change in their expression. In the E+ND group, ND administration led to decrease of the over-expression of sarcolemmal Kir6.2 and SUR2 which was previously induced by exercise. There was no significant association between the mitochondrial expression of either Kir6.2 or SUR2 proteins and administration of ND or exercise. Supra-physiological dosage of ND negatively reverses the effects of exercise on the cardiac muscle expression of sarcolemmal, but not mitochondrial, K(ATP) channel subunits.

Evaluation of BAUER K220 High Pressure Breathing Air Compressor

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-01

switch , intermediate 6 Inter-cooler lstf2nd stage pressure lst/2nd stage 7 Inter-cooler 2nd/3rd stage 25 Pressure switch , intermediate 8 Inter-cooler...3rd/4th stage pressure 2nd/3rd stage 9 After-cooler 26 Pressure switch , intermediate 10 Inter-filter 2nd/3rd stage pressure 3rd/4th stage 11 Inter...filter 3rd/4th stage 27 Temperature switch 4th stage 12 Oil and water separator 28 Final pressure switch . 13 Safety valve 1st stage 29 3/2-way solenoid

Bond-selective photodissociation of partially deuterated ammonia molecules: Photodissociations of vibrationally excited NHD2 in the 5νNH state and NH2D in the 5νND state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akagi, Hiroshi; Yokoyama, Keiichi; Yokoyama, Atsushi

2004-03-01

Ultraviolet photodissociation of NHD2 excited to the fourth overtone state of the NH stretching mode (5νNH) and NH2D excited to that of the ND stretching mode (5νND) has been investigated by using a crossed laser and molecular beams method. Branching ratio between the NH and ND bond dissociations has been determined by utilizing a (2+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization scheme of H and D atoms. For the photolysis of NHD2 in the 5νNH state, the NH dissociation cross section is 5.1±1.4 times as large as the ND dissociation cross section per bond. On the other hand, for the photolysis of NH2D in the 5νND state, the ratio of the NH dissociation cross section per bond to the ND dissociation cross section decreases to 0.68±0.16. In comparison with the branching ratios for the photolysis of vibrationally unexcited NH2D and NHD2 [Koda and Back, Can. J. Chem. 55, 1380 (1977)], the present results indicate that the excitation of the NH stretching mode enhances the NH dissociation with ca. two times larger NH/ND branching ratio, whereas the excitation of the ND stretching mode results in the preferential ND dissociation with ca. 3-4 times larger ND/NH branching ratio than that for the vibrational ground states. The mechanism of the bond-selective enhancement has been discussed in terms of the energetics and dynamics of wave packet.

Single-crystal and textured polycrystalline Nd2Fe14B flakes with a submicron or nanosize thickness

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cui, BZ; Zheng, LY; Li, WF

2012-02-01

This paper reports on the fabrication, structure and magnetic property optimization of Nd2Fe14B single-crystal and [0 0 1] textured poly-nanocrystalline flakes prepared by surfactant-assisted high-energy ball milling (HEBM). Single-crystal Nd2Fe14B flakes first with micron and then with submicron thicknesses were formed via continuous basal cleavage along the (1 1 0) planes of the irregularly shaped single-crystal microparticles during the early stage of HEBM. With further milling, [0 0 1] textured polycrystalline submicron Nd2Fe14B flakes were formed. Finally, crystallographically anisotropic polycrystalline Nd2Fe14B nanoflakes were formed after milling for 5-6 h. Anisotropic magnetic behavior was found in all of the flake samples.more » Nd2Fe14B flakes prepared with either oleic acid (OA) or oleylamine (OY) as the surfactant exhibited similar morphology, structure and magnetic properties. Both the addition of some low-melting-point eutectic Nd70Cu30 alloy and an appropriate post-annealing can increase the coercivity of the Nd2Fe14B flakes. The coercivity of Nd2Fe14B nanoflakes with an addition of 16.7 wt.% Nd70Cu30 by milling for 5 h in heptane with 20 wt.% OY increased from 3.7 to 6.8 kOe after annealing at 450 degrees C for 0.5 h. The mechanism for formation and coercivity enhancement of Nd2Fe14B single-crystal and textured poly-nanocrystalline flakes with a submicron or nanosize thickness was discussed. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.« less

Performance and Durability Assessment of Two Emission Control Technologies Installed on a Legacy High-Speed Marine Diesel Engine

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-05

program investigated cost- effective technologies to reduce emissions from legacy marine engines. High-speed, high-population engine models in both...respectively) were driven by health effects and environmental impacts. The U.S. Navy assessed its contribution to the domestic marine emission inventory...greatest potential. A laboratory developmental assessment was followed by a shipboard evaluation. Effective technology concepts applied to high

Active Authentication Linguistic Modalities

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

Rosenberg Self - Esteem Scale, the Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory (MBTI), the NEO PI-R, the Multiple Intelligences Developmental Assessment Scales (MIDAS...two categories, male and female, as reported by self -identification. • Self - Esteem : The Rosenberg Self - Esteem Scale provides a numerical measure...MBTI - T/F 59.15% 79.62% MBTI - J/P 50.70% 83.57% Rosenberg Self - Esteem 57.50% 80.47% MIDAS - Primary Catagories 22.10% 70.74% MIDAS

Validity and reliability of the Behavior Problems Inventory, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised among infants and toddlers at risk for intellectual or developmental disabilities: a multi-method assessment approach.

PubMed

Rojahn, Johannes; Schroeder, Stephen R; Mayo-Ortega, Liliana; Oyama-Ganiko, Rosao; LeBlanc, Judith; Marquis, Janet; Berke, Elizabeth

2013-05-01

Reliable and valid assessment of aberrant behaviors is essential in empirically verifying prevention and intervention for individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD). Few instruments exist which assess behavior problems in infants. The current longitudinal study examined the performance of three behavior-rating scales for individuals with IDD that have been proven psychometrically sound in older populations: the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01), and the Repetitive Behavior Scale - Revised (RBS-R). Data were analyzed for 180 between six and 36 months old children at risk for IDD. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) across the subscales of the three instruments was variable. Test-retest reliability of the three BPI-01 subscales ranged from .68 to .77 for frequency ratings and from .65 to .80 for severity ratings (intraclass correlation coefficients). Using a multitrait-multimethod matrix approach high levels of convergent and discriminant validity across the three instruments was found. As anticipated, there was considerable overlap in the information produced by the three instruments; however, each behavior-rating instrument also contributed unique information. Our findings support using all three scales in conjunction if possible. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the mudsnail Cipangopaludina cathayensis (Gastropoda: Viviparidae).

PubMed

Yang, Huirong; Zhang, Jia-En; Luo, Hao; Luo, Mingzhu; Guo, Jing; Deng, Zhixin; Zhao, Benliang

2016-05-01

We present the complete mitochondrial genome of Cipangopaludina cathayensis in this study. The mitochondrial genome is 17,157 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes. All of them are encoded on the heavy strand except 7 tRNA genes on the light strand. Overall nucleotide compositions of the light strand are 44.51% of A, 26.74% of T, 20.48% of C and 8.28% of G. All the protein-coding genes start with ATG initiation codon except ATP6 with ATA and ND4 with TTG, and 2 types of termination codons are TAA (ATP6, ND2, COX1, COX2, ATP8, ND1, ND6, Cytb, COX3, ND4) and TAG (ND4L, ND5, ND3). There are 29 intergenic spacers and 5 gene overlaps. The tandem repeat sequences are observed in COX2, tRNA(Asp), ATP6, tRNA(Cys), S-rRNA, ND1, Cytb, ND4 and COX3 genes. Gene arrangement and distribution are different from the typical vertebrates. The absence of D-loop is consistent with the Gastropoda, but at least one lengthy non-coding region is essential regulatory element for the initiation of transcription and replication.

Path Analysis Association between Domestic Violence, Anxiety, Depression and Perceived Stress in Mothers and Children's Development.

PubMed

Vameghi, Roshanak; Amir Ali Akbari, Sedigheh; Sajedi, Firoozeh; Sajjadi, Homeira; Alavi Majd, Hamid

2016-01-01

Given that several factors involved in the incidence or exacerbation of developmental disorders in children, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between some of the risk factors affecting mothers' health and development in children using path analysis. The present cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 750 mothers and their children in health centers in Tehran, Iran in 2014 enrolled through multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic and personal information questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck's depression Inventory, Spielberger' anxiety inventory, the WHO domestic violence questionnaire and an ages & stages questionnaire for assessing children's development. Data were analyzed using SPSS.19 (Chicago, IL, USA) and Lisrel 8.8. Developmental delay was observed in 12.1% of the children. The mean stress score was 23.94±8.62 in the mothers, 50.7% of whom showed mild to severe depression, 84.2% moderate to severe anxiety and 35.3% had been subjected to domestic violence. The path analysis showed that children's development was affected directly by perceived stress (β=-0.09) and depression (β=-0.17) and indirectly by domestic violence (β=-0.05278) and anxiety (β=-0.0357). Of all the variables examined, depression had the biggest influence on development in the children (β=-0.17). The proposed model showed a good fit (GFI=1, RMSEA=0.034). Children's development was influenced indirectly by domestic violence and anxiety and directly by perceived stress and depression in mothers. It is thus suggested that more concern and attention be paid to women's mental health and the domestic violence they experience.

Femtosecond diode-pumped mode-locked neodymium lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kubeček, Václav; Jelínek, Michal; Čech, Miroslav; Vyhlídal, David; Su, Liangbi; Jiang, Dapeng; Ma, Fengkai; Qian, Xiaobo; Wang, Jingya; Xu, Jun

2016-12-01

Fluoride-type crystals (CaF2, SrF2) doped with neodymium Nd3+ and codoped with buffer ions for breaking clusters of active ions and increasing fluorescence efficiency, present interesting alternative as laser active media for the diode-pumped mode-locked lasers. In comparison with widely used materials as Nd:YAG or Nd:YVO4, they have broad emission spectra as well as longer fluorescence lifetime, in comparison with Nd:glass, SrF2 and CaF2 have better thermal conductivity. In spite of the fact, that this thermal conductivity decreases with Nd3+ doping concentration, these crystals are alternative for the Nd:glass in subpicosecond mode-locked laser systems. In this paper we review the basic results reported recently on these active materials and in the second part we present our results achieved in low power diode pumped passively mode locked lasers with Nd,La:CaF2 and Nd,Y:SrF2 crystals. The pulses as short as 258 fs at wavelength of 1057 nm were obtained in the first case, while 5 ps long pulses at 1065 nm were generated from the second laser system.

An Update on ToxCast™ | Science Inventory | US EPA

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

In its first phase, ToxCast™ is profiling over 300 well-characterized chemicals (primarily pesticides) in over 400 HTS endpoints. These endpoints include biochemical assays of protein function, cell-based transcriptional reporter assays, multi-cell interaction assays, transcriptomics on primary cell cultures, and developmental assays in zebrafish embryos. Almost all of the compounds being examined in Phase 1 of ToxCast™ have been tested in traditional toxicology tests, including developmental toxicity, multi-generation studies, and sub-chronic and chronic rodent bioassays Lessons learned to date for ToxCast: Large amounts of quality HTS data can be economically obtained. Large scale data sets will be required to understand potential for biological activity. Value in having multiple assays with overlapping coverage of biological pathways and a variety of methodologies Concentration-response will be important for ultimate interpretation Data transparency will be important for acceptance. Metabolic capabilities and coverage of developmental toxicity pathways will need additional attention. Need to define the gold standard Partnerships are needed to bring critical mass and expertise.

National Board Certification and Developmentally Appropriate Practices: Perceptions of Impact.

PubMed

McKenzie, Ellen Nancy

2013-04-01

The study investigated a relationship between National Board certification and perceived use of developmentally appropriate practices (DAP). A self-developed survey, the Early-childhood Teacher Inventory of Practices, was e-mailed to participants. Participants included 246 non-National Board-certified (non-NBCT) and 135 National Board-certified (NBCT) early childhood teachers. Descriptives were reported for age, years of teaching experience, grade level currently teaching, ethnicity, degree type, certification type, and degree level. Inferential statistics were used to understand the differences between perceived use of DAP. NBCTs scored significantly higher than non-NBCTs in three of the four target areas and on the total of the scale. Pearson product-moment corelations were used to determine a relationship between years of experience or level of education and NBCTs' perceived use of DAP. Years of experience were significantly related, but level of education was not. The findings indicate that NBCT teachers perceive they incorporate more developmentally appropriate practices into their teaching than do non-NBCT teachers.

National Board Certification and Developmentally Appropriate Practices: Perceptions of Impact

PubMed Central

McKenzie, Ellen Nancy

2013-01-01

The study investigated a relationship between National Board certification and perceived use of developmentally appropriate practices (DAP). A self-developed survey, the Early-childhood Teacher Inventory of Practices, was e-mailed to participants. Participants included 246 non-National Board-certified (non-NBCT) and 135 National Board-certified (NBCT) early childhood teachers. Descriptives were reported for age, years of teaching experience, grade level currently teaching, ethnicity, degree type, certification type, and degree level. Inferential statistics were used to understand the differences between perceived use of DAP. NBCTs scored significantly higher than non-NBCTs in three of the four target areas and on the total of the scale. Pearson product-moment corelations were used to determine a relationship between years of experience or level of education and NBCTs’ perceived use of DAP. Years of experience were significantly related, but level of education was not. The findings indicate that NBCT teachers perceive they incorporate more developmentally appropriate practices into their teaching than do non-NBCT teachers. PMID:23626399

Magnetic properties and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Nd 2Fe 17, Nd 2Fe 17X 3, and related compounds

DOE PAGES

Pandey, Tribhuwan; Parker, David S.

2018-02-26

The electronic and magnetic properties of Nd 2Fe 17 and Nd 2Fe 17X 3 (X = C or N) compounds have been calculated using the first-principles density functional calculations. Among these, the nitrogen and carbon interstitial compounds exhibit all of the required properties such as a saturation moment of 1.6 T, Curie temperature of 700–750 K, however easy magnetic axis lies in the planar direction making them less attractive for permanent magnet applications. The calculated magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is found to be -2.7 MJ/m 3 for Nd 2Fe 17C 3 and -4.7 MJ/m 3 for Nd 2Fe 17N 3. Finally,more » we further explored the possibility of changing the easy axis direction through La/Ce alloying at Nd site. Although the MAE is found to be smaller in magnitude for all the La/Ce alloys it still maintains planar direction.« less

Efficacy of vaccination with La Sota strain vaccine to control Newcastle disease in village chickens in Nepal.

PubMed

Shrestha, Sulochana; Dhawan, Mamta; Donadeu, Meritxell; Dungu, Baptiste

2017-02-01

The efficacy of vaccination with Newcastle disease (ND) La Sota and R 2 B (Mukteswar) modified live strain vaccines was determined by experimental challenge and with ND La Sota vaccine under field conditions in Nepal. Booster vaccination with ND La Sota vaccine after a primary vaccination with ND La Sota vaccine, induced a geometric mean titre (GMT) of 5.0 log 2 haemagglutination inhibition (HI) units, compared to a GMT of 6.0 log 2 HI units following booster vaccination with R 2 B vaccine 1 month after primary vaccination with ND La Sota vaccine. Both vaccines provided 100% protection against challenge with a local field ND strain. Furthermore, booster vaccination with ND La Sota vaccine induced protective levels of antibody after field use in villages in Jhapa, and no outbreaks of ND occurred during the study period. The ND La Sota modified live vaccine is immunogenic and efficacious and is a suitable vaccine for use in vaccination programmes in village chickens in the rural areas of Nepal.

Cation and Vacancy Disorder in U 1-yNd yO 2.00-X Alloys

DOE PAGES

Barabash, Rozaliya I.; Voit, Stewart L.; Aidhy, Dilpuneet S.; ...

2015-09-14

In this study, the intermixing and clustering of U/Nd, O, and vacancies were studied by both laboratory and synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction in U 1-yNd yO 2-X alloys. It was found that an increased holding time at the high experimental temperature during initial alloy preparation results in a lower disorder of the Nd distribution in the alloys. Adjustment of the oxygen concentration in the U 1-yNd yO 2-X alloys with different Nd concentrations was accompanied by the formation of vacancies on the oxygen sublattice and a nanocrystalline component. The lattice parameters in the U 1-yNd yO 2-X alloys were also foundmore » to deviate significantly from Vegard's law when the Nd concentration was high (53%) and decreased with increasing oxygen concentration. Such changes indicate the formation of large vacancy concentrations during oxygen adjustment at these high temperatures. Finally, the change in the vacancy concentration after the oxygen adjustment was estimated relative to Nd concentration and oxygen stoichiometry.« less

Electronic structure of the (Nd{sub 1−x}Dy{sub x}){sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) system studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Jing; Liang, Le; Yang, Bin

2015-09-15

Systematic characterization of electronic structures in the (Nd{sub 1−x}Dy{sub x}){sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B system, especially the 4f behavior, provides an insight to the physical nature of the evolution of magnetic properties. A series of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) core-level and valence-band spectra were used to study the electronic structures. It was found that substitution of Dy for Nd in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B results in a nonlinear variation in the evolution of electronic structures. Only the finite coupling between the Nd 4f states and the Fe 3d states is found at both the Nd-rich regime and the Dy-rich regime. When the Dymore » concentration and the Nd concentration approach to be equal, a strong coupling between the Nd 4f states and the Fe 3d states is found, which results in a bonding state between them. Additionally, the 4f components in the (Nd{sub 1−x}Dy{sub x}){sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B system are ascribed to three parts: 1) the individual contribution of the Dy 4f states, which emerges just after the Dy-substitution; 2) the contribution of the coupling between the Nd 4f states and the Dy 4f states, which arises only when 0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.6; 3) the associated contributions of the Nd 4f states and the Dy 4f states, where the contribution of the Nd 4f states and that of the Dy 4f states are prominent in the Nd-rich regime and Dy-rich regime, respectively.« less

Intrinsic evolution of novel (Nd, MM)2Fe14B-system magnetic flakes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Xiaoqiang; Zhu, Minggang; Liu, Weiqiang; Li, Yanfeng; Zhang, Jiuxing; Yue, Ming; Li, Wei

2018-01-01

The Nd-substituted (Nd x MM1- x )-Fe-B strip-casting flakes were prepared by induction melting in the vacuum furnace and then subsequently by strip-casting technology. The microstructure and magnetic properties of (Nd x MM1- x )-Fe-B alloys are related to the Nd substitution. 2:14:1 main phases and minor impure phases coexist in the MM-Fe-B flake. For example, La2O3 and CeFe2 impure phases are obviously detected in the x = 0 specimen. As an increase of the Ce concentration is inversely accompanied with the decrease of the Nd content ( x) in (Nd x MM1- x )2Fe14B main phases (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), XRD analysis shows that the overall diffraction peaks of the main phases shift to right domestically because of smaller radius Ce4+. The melting point, spin reorientation phase transition temperature, Curie temperature, magneto-crystalline anisotropy field (at 300 K), and the magnetization ( M 9T) for MM-Fe-B/(Nd0.4MM0.6)-Fe-B/(Nd0.7MM0.3)-Fe-B/Nd-Fe-B strip-casting alloys are 1376.15/1414.15/1439.15/1458.15 K, 74/113/124/135 K, 493.2/538.4/559.7/582.3 K, 48/55.2/64.4/70.1 kOe and 136.5/143.7/151.5/153.7 emu/g, respectively. Due to the varied composition of hard magnetic main phases, M 9T increases gradually with the increase of Nd content ( x). SEM observation and EDX results demonstrate that more Nd and Pr elements aggregate into the 2:14:1 ferromagnetic phase, while less La and Ce elements are prone to the RE-rich region compared with the nominal ratio. As a result, the growth of M 9T becomes extraordinary under maximum external field 9 T, indicating that the (Nd0.7MM0.3)-Fe-B flake may display relatively good magnetic properties and those with higher Nd content have evident effect on magnetization, compositions, and microstructures of hard magnetic main phases. Therefore, practical application of (Nd x MM1- x )-Fe-B-sintered magnets will be very prospective.

Structure and magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B fine particles produced by spark erosion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wan, H.; Berkowitz, A. E.

1994-11-01

At present Nd2Fe14B is the best permanent magnet because of its extremely high coercivity and energy product. Optimum properties of Nd2Fe14B magnets can be attained by producing single domain particles, and then aligning and compacting them. Due to the reactivity of the Nd constitutent, it is challenging to produce and handle a large amount of fine particles of this material. We have prepared fine particles of Nd2Fe14B by spark erosion with various dielectric media. Yield, size, size distribution, structure, and magnetic properties are discussed. The Nd2Fe14B particles were made by the sharker pot spark erosion method. Relaxation oscillators or a pulse generator were used to power the park erosion. Commercial Neomax 35 was employed as the primary material. The dielectric media were liquid Ar, Ar gas, and hydrocarbons, which provided an oxygen free environment. Structure and size were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction. Magnetic properties were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) with temperatures in range of 4.2-1200 K. The particles produced in these three different dielectric media had different microstructures and crystal structures. The particles made in Ar gas were pure Nd2Fe14B phase. The particles made in liquid Ar were a mixture of amorphous and crystalline Nd2Fe14B, because the liquid Ar provided a much higher quench rate than Ar gas, which produced some amorphous Nd2Fe14B. Upon annealing, the amorphous particles became crystalline. The fine particles produced in hydrocarbons, such as pentane and dodecane, had more complex mixed phases, since the rare earth reacted with the hydrocarbons during the sparking process. The phases were NdC2, alpha-Fe, and amorphous and crystalline Nd2Fe14B. The effects of power parameters, such as voltage and capacitance, on particle size were investigated. Particle sizes from 20 nm to 50 microns were obtained.

Magnetic properties and magnetostriction of PrxNd1-xFe1.9 (0 <= x <= 1.0) alloys at low temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yong; Tang, Shao-Long; Li, Yu-Long; Xie, Ren; Du, You-Wei

2013-03-01

The crystal structure, magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of high-pressure synthesized PrxNd1-xFe1.9 (0 <= x <= 1.0) alloys were studied. The alloys exhibit single cubic Laves phase with MgCu2-type structure. The initial magnetization curve reveals that Pr0.2Nd0.8Fe1.9 has a minimum magnetocrystalline anisotropy at 5 K. The magnetostriction curve at 5 K shows that Pr0.2Nd0.8Fe1.9 has a very good low-field magnetostrictive property, and the magnetostriction of the PrxNd1-xFe1.9 alloy in high magnetic field is attributable mainly to Pr. The temperature dependence of the magnetostriction (λ‖) at the field of 5 kOe shows that the substitution of Nd reduces the K1 remarkably, and the values of λ‖ of Pr0.2Nd0.8Fe1.9 and Pr0.8Nd0.2Fe1.9 alloys are nearly five times larger than that of the PrFe1.9 alloy below 50 K; the λ‖ of Pr0.8Nd0.2Fe1.9 reaches up to 1082 ppm at 100 K, which makes it a potential candidate for application in this temperature range.

Further cross-cultural validation of the theory of mental self-government.

PubMed

Zhang, L F

1999-03-01

This study was designed to achieve two objectives. The 1st was to investigate the cross-cultural validity of the Thinking Styles Inventory (TSI; R. J. Sternberg & R. K. Wagner, 1992), which is based on the theory of mental self-government (R. J. Sternberg, 1988, 1990, 1997). The 2nd was to examine the relationships between thinking styles as assessed by the TSI and a number of student characteristics, including age, gender, college class level, work experience, and travel experience. One hundred fifty-one students from the University of Hong Kong participated in the study. Results indicated that the thinking styles evaluated by the TSI could be identified among the participants. Moreover, there were significant relationships between certain thinking styles, especially creativity-relevant styles and 3 student characteristics: age, work experience, and travel experience. Implications of these findings for teaching and learning in and outside the classroom are discussed.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae).

PubMed

Zhou, Xuming; Chen, Yu; Zhu, Shanliang; Xu, Haigen; Liu, Yan; Chen, Lian

2016-01-01

The mitochondrial genome of Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) is the first complete mtDNA sequence reported in the genus Pomacea. The total length of mtDNA is 15,707 bp, which containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a 359 bp non-coding region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 71.7% (T: 41%, C: 12.7%, A: 30.7%, G: 15.6%). ATP6, ATP8, CO1, CO2, ND1-3, ND5, ND6, ND4L and Cyt b genes begin with ATG as start codon, CO3 and ND4 begin with ATA. ATP8, CO2-3, ND4L, ND2-6 and Cyt b genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, ATP6, ND1, and CO1 end with TAG. A long non-coding region is found and a 23 bp repeat unit repeat 11 times in this region.

Low temperature texture development in Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets via equal channel angular pressing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Besley, L.; Garitaonandia, J. S.; Molotnikov, A.; Kishimoto, H.; Kato, A.; Davies, C.; Suzuki, K.

2018-05-01

While suitable texture has been developed in Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposites via thermomechanical processing methods such as die upsetting by incorporating low melting point eutectic Nd-Cu additives, significant grain coarsening occurs during this process due to the high temperature and long timescales involved, resulting in a loss of exchange coupling. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a severe plastic deformation technique which has been successfully used to produce a suitable texture in single-phase Nd2Fe14B at temperatures on the order of 500°C while preserving grain sizes on the order of 20-30nm. We investigate the development of texture in a commercial Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite alloy with added Nd90Cu10 produced via ECAP and then characterise it using texture x-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. It is found that initial texture can be developed in this nanocomposite system at T = 520°C via ECAP. The average grain size of Nd2Fe14B as measured via X-ray diffraction after ECAP remains below 50nm with a developed texture. The effect of varying the amount of Nd90Cu10 additive is also investigated. It is found that with decreasing Nd90Cu10, the degree of texture is reduced while the volume fraction of α-Fe increases. This work demonstrates the development of texture in nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe with Nd-Cu additives whilst maintaining a grain size of approximately 50nm.

Magnetocaloric effect in Gd1-x Ndx Zn2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsumoto, Keisuke T.; Hiraoka, Koichi

2017-09-01

The magnetization of Gd1-xNdxZn2 (0 < x ⩽ 1) was measured to study the effect of Nd substitution in GdZn2 with a Curie temperature of 85 K and a spin-reorientation transition temperature of 58 K on the magnetocaloric effect. The Nd counterpart NdZn2 shows antiferromagnetic order at 23 K. Samples of Gd1-xNdxZn2 (0 < x ⩽ 1) were prepared by the melt-growth method. In Nd-substituted systems, the anomaly due to spin-reorientation disappeared. For x ⩾ 0.6 , field-induced metamagnetic transitions were observed, indicating an antiferromagnetic ground state. This complex magnetism may originate from competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. Magnetic entropy change ΔSm was calculated based on the magnetization measurements. ΔSm was suppressed by Nd substitution for x values up to 0.6. For x = 1 (NdZn2), the maximum value of ΔSm was -9 J/K kg, which is almost the same as those of other Nd-based magnetocaloric materials.

Results of Sediment Sampling and Elutriate Testing at the Proposed Glovers Point Shallow Water Habitat Project Site

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

Aroclor1248 0.3 1.0 Endrin 0.003 0.1 PCB - Aroclor1268 0.3 1.0 Endrin Aldehyde 0.011 0.1 PCB - Aroclor1232 0.2 1.0 Endrin Ketone 0.006 0.1 PCB... aldehyde n.d. 0.0008 9.9 n.d. 0.009 50 Endrin ketone n.d. 0.003 9.9 n.d. NA 50 Heptachlor n.d. 0.002 5.1 n.d. NA 50 Heptachlor epoxide n.d. 0.0008...Endosulfan sulfate n.d. 0.002 n.d. 0.01 0.50 Endrin n.d. 0.004 n.d. 0.004 0.50 Endrin aldehyde n.d. 0.004 n.d. 0.08 1.00 Endrin ketone n.d. 0.006 n.d

Hydrazinium lanthanide oxalates: synthesis, structure and thermal reactivity of N2H5[Ln2(C2O4)4(N2H5)]·4H2O, Ln = Ce, Nd.

PubMed

De Almeida, Lucie; Grandjean, Stéphane; Rivenet, Murielle; Patisson, Fabrice; Abraham, Francis

2014-03-28

New hydrazinium lanthanide oxalates N2H5[Ln2(C2O4)4(N2H5)]·4H2O, Ln = Ce (Ce-HyOx) and Nd (Nd-HyOx), were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction at 150 °C between lanthanide nitrate, oxalic acid and hydrazine solutions. The structure of the Nd compound was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, space group P2₁/c with a = 16.315(4), b = 12.127(3), c = 11.430(2) Å, β = 116.638(4)°, V = 2021.4(7) Å(3), Z = 4, and R1 = 0.0313 for 4231 independent reflections. Two distinct neodymium polyhedra are formed, NdO9 and NdO8N, an oxygen of one monodentate oxalate in the former being replaced by a nitrogen atom of a coordinated hydrazinium ion in the latter. The infrared absorption band at 1005 cm(-1) confirms the coordination of N2H5(+) to the metal. These polyhedra are connected through μ2 and μ3 oxalate ions to form an anionic three-dimensional neodymium-oxalate arrangement. A non-coordinated charge-compensating hydrazinium ion occupies, with water molecules, the resulting tunnels. The N-N stretching frequencies of the infrared spectra demonstrate the existence of the two types of hydrazine ions. Thermal reactivity of these hydrazinium oxalates and of the mixed isotypic Ce/Nd (CeNd-HyOx) oxalate were studied by using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with gas analyzers, and high temperature X-ray diffraction. Under air, fine particles of CeO2 and Ce(0.5)Nd(0.5)O(1.75) are formed at low temperature from Ce-HyOx and CeNd-HyOx, respectively, thanks to a decomposition/oxidation process. Under argon flow, dioxymonocyanamides Ln2O2CN2 are formed.

Tracking the Emergence of the Consonant Bias in Visual-Word Recognition: Evidence with Developing Readers

PubMed Central

Soares, Ana Paula; Perea, Manuel; Comesaña, Montserrat

2014-01-01

Recent research with skilled adult readers has consistently revealed an advantage of consonants over vowels in visual-word recognition (i.e., the so-called “consonant bias”). Nevertheless, little is known about how early in development the consonant bias emerges. This work aims to address this issue by studying the relative contribution of consonants and vowels at the early stages of visual-word recognition in developing readers (2nd and 4th Grade children) and skilled adult readers (college students) using a masked priming lexical decision task. Target words starting either with a consonant or a vowel were preceded by a briefly presented masked prime (50 ms) that could be the same as the target (e.g., pirata-PIRATA [pirate-PIRATE]), a consonant-preserving prime (e.g., pureto-PIRATA), a vowel-preserving prime (e.g., gicala-PIRATA), or an unrelated prime (e.g., bocelo -PIRATA). Results revealed significant priming effects for the identity and consonant-preserving conditions in adult readers and 4th Grade children, whereas 2nd graders only showed priming for the identity condition. In adult readers, the advantage of consonants was observed both for words starting with a consonant or a vowel, while in 4th graders this advantage was restricted to words with an initial consonant. Thus, the present findings suggest that a Consonant/Vowel skeleton should be included in future (developmental) models of visual-word recognition and reading. PMID:24523917

Healing of rat mouth mucosa after irradiation with CO2, Nd:YAG, and CO2-Nd:YAG combination lasers.

PubMed

Luomanen, M; Rauhamaa-Mäkinen, R; Meurman, J H; Kosloff, T; Tiitta, O

1994-08-01

The healing process of wounds made by a combination laser was studied in 90 rats. The laser system enabled both separate and combined use of CO2 and Nd:YAG laser irradiations. The laser wounds and the control excision wounds made by alligator forceps appeared on both sides of the tongue. Specimens from the wound sites were taken immediately, 6 h, and 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 21, 28, and 42 days after surgery. The wound-healing process was studied by macroscopic evaluation before preparing the specimens for light microscopy. Some differences were noted in the wound-healing process among the three groups into which the experimental animals were divided. Tissue coagulation damage was most extensive in the Nd:YAG laser sites, where it was observed in its full extent 4 days after surgery. Epithelial cells were seen to begin to proliferate in all the wounds 6 h after surgery. Re-epithelialization was completed by between 7 (CO2) and 21 days (Nd:YAG) at all the wound sites. The inflammatory cell infiltration was more prominent in the Nd:YAG and the CO2-Nd:YAG combination laser wounds than in the CO2 and excision wounds during healing. Tissue regeneration occurred faster with less contraction in the combination CO2-Nd:YAG wounds than in Nd:YAG wounds. The best macroscopic healing result was seen in the CO2 wound sites. The combination laser was effective both at cutting and at coagulating tissue. Combining the CO2 and Nd:YAG laser irradiation into one beam resulted in a greater incision depth than what could have been expected from using the two lasers separately.

The Sm-(146,147)-Nd-(142,143) formation interval for the lunar mantle and implications for lunar evolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nyquist, L. E.; Shih, C.-Y.; Wiesmann, H.; Bansal, B. M.

1993-01-01

Small anomalies in the isotopic abundance of Nd-142 have been measured for two A17 high-Ti basalts, ilmenite basalt 12056, olivine-pigeonite basalt 12039, feldspathic basalt 12038, and two KREEP basalts. These anomalies correlate with Sm-147/Nd-144 for the basalt source regions as calculated from initial Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios in the basalts, and are interpreted to be from decay of Sm-146 (t sub 1/2 = 103 Ma) in distinct lunar mantle reservoirs. A three-stage model for evolution of Nd-143/Nd-144 and Nd-142/Nd-144 yields reservoir Sm-147/Nd-144 ratios which, with the Nd-142/Nd-144 ratios in the basalts, form a 'mantle isochron' giving a lunar mantle formation interval of 94+2230 Ma (2c(rho)). Calculated reservoir Sm/Nd ratios are in the range expected from some earlier models of basalt petrogenesis. The isochron value of Nd-142/Nd-144 at Sm-147/Nd-144 sub CHUR = 0.1967 is within error limits of the average Nd-142/Nd-144 measured for an L6 chondrite, an H5 chondrite, and the Orgueil carbonaceous chondrite. Evolution of Nd-143 and Nd-142 for high-Ti basalt 70135 was modeled precisely, starting from chondritic relative REE and Nd-isotopic abundances and using the initial (Sm-146/Sm-144) sub 0 ratio inferred from a previous study of angrite LEW86010 as the initial solar system value of this parameter. We infer that the initial Sm/Nd ratio in precursor lunar materials was very nearly chondritic (within approximately 8 percent) prior to lunar differentiation.

Electronic structure of layered titanate Nd 2Ti 2O 7

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Atuchin, V. V.; Gavrilova, T. A.; Grivel, J.-C.; Kesler, V. G.

2008-10-01

The electronic structure of the binary titanate Nd 2Ti 2O 7 has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Spectral features of the valence band and all constituent element core levels have been considered. The Auger parameters of titanium and oxygen in Nd 2Ti 2O 7 are determined as αTi = 873.5 and αO = 1042.2 eV. Chemical bonding effects have been discussed with the binding energies differences ΔTi = (BE O 1s - BE Ti 2p 3/2) = 71.5 eV and ΔNd = (BE Nd 3d 5/2 - BE O 1s) = 452.5 eV as key parameters in comparison with those in other titanium- and neodymium-bearing oxides.

The importance of a Biosphere Reserve of Atlantic Forest for the conservation of stream fauna.

PubMed

Yoshida, C E; Uieda, V S

2014-05-01

Preservation of terrestrial fauna and flora has been the main reason for the settlement of most protected areas in the past 30 years, but although those areas may include water bodies, this does not necessarily mean that the biodiversity of freshwater environments are also protected. In the present study, the fauna inventory of eight streams (1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th orders) of three microbasins of Japi Mountain, a Biosphere Reserve of Atlantic Forest recognised by UNESCO since 1994, located in São Paulo state, southeast of Brazil, was conducted. The hypothesis of this study is that the conservation of this area is important for the maintenance of the aquatic biodiversity of this biome, and so, this world hotspot deserves priority conservation actions. From 2005 to 2007, benthic macroinvertebrates, fishes and, eventually, anuran amphibians were sampled in these streams. The results showed that Japi Mountain contributes to the conservation of 138 taxonomic units of the aquatic biota and covers a rich and representative biodiversity of freshwater fauna of the world (0.2%), Neotropical region (0.9%), Brazil (2.4%) and São Paulo state (17.9%). The studied streams in the Environmental Protection Area help protect endangered taxa like the fishes Neoplecostomus paranensis and Pareiorhina cf rudolphi, and shelter freshwater invertebrates and fishes whose distribution is restricted to the Brazilian territory. Japi Mountain is also an important haven of species that was missing there like the frog species Vitreorana eurygnatha. Thus, this species inventory emphasises the importance of conservation actions of the freshwater environments of this Biosphere Reserve of Atlantic Forest.

Interfacial magnetic coupling in hetero-structure of Fe/double-perovskite NdBaMn2O6 single crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, W. C.; Tsai, C. L.; Ogawa, K.; Yamada, S.; Gandhi, Ashish C.; Lin, J. G.

2018-04-01

The interfacial magnetic coupling between metallic Fe and the double-perovskite NdBaMn2O6 single crystal was investigated in the heterostructure of 4-nm Pd/10-nm Fe/NdBaMn2O6. A considerable magnetic coupling effect was observed in the temperature range coincident with the magnetic phase transition of NdBaMn2O6. When the temperature was elevated above 270 K, NdBaMn2O6 transformed from a state of antiferromagnetic fluctuating domains to a superparamagnetism-like (ferromagnetic fluctuation) state with high magnetic susceptibility. Concurrently, the interfacial magnetic coupling between the Fe layer and the NdBaMn2O6 crystal was observed, as indicated by the considerable squareness reduction and coercivity enhancement in the Fe layer. Moreover, the presence of the Fe layer changed the magnetic structure of NdBaMn2O6 from conventional 4-fold symmetry to 2-fold symmetry. These observations offer applicable insights into the mutual magnetic interaction in the heterostructures of metallic ferromagnetism/perovskite materials.

Second-generation Holocaust survivors: Psychological, theological, and moral challenges.

PubMed

Juni, Samuel

2016-01-01

Drawing from trauma theory, psychodynamic conceptualization, developmental psychology, clinical data, and personal experience, this article portrays a life haunted by tragedy predating its victims. Healthy child development is outlined, with particular attention to socialization and theological perspectives. Key characteristics of trauma are delineated, highlighting the nuances of trauma that are most harmful. As is the case with general trauma, Holocaust survivors are described as evincing survivor's guilt and paranoia in response to their experiences. Divergent disorders resulting from the Holocaust are described for 1st-generation and 2nd-generation survivors, respectively. Primary trauma responses and pervasive attitudes of survivors are shown to have harmful ramifications on their children's personality and worldview as well as on their interpersonal and theistic object relations. These limitations translate into problems in the adult lives of second generation survivors.

Results of Sediment Sampling and Elutriate Testing at the Proposed Little Sioux Bend Shallow Water Habitat Project Site

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

Aroclor1248 10 50 Endrin 1.0 9.9 PCB - Aroclor1268 10 50 Endrin Aldehyde 1.0 9.9 PCB - Aroclor1232 10 50 Endrin Ketone 0.8 9.9 PCB - Aroclor1254 10 50...1.0 Endrin Aldehyde 0.011 0.1 PCB - Aroclor1232 0.2 1.0 Endrin Ketone 0.006 0.1 PCB - Aroclor1254 0.2 1.0 Heptachlor 0.009 0.05 PCB - Aroclor1242...Found Endosulfan I n.d. Endosulfan II n.d. Endosulfan sulfate n.d. Endrin n.d. Endrin aldehyde n.d. Endrin ketone n.d. Heptachlor n.d. Heptachlor

Structural aspects of calcium iron phosphate glass containing neodymium oxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Haijian; Liang, Xiaofeng; Wang, Cuiling; Yu, Huijun; Li, Zhen; Yang, Shiyuan

2014-06-01

Homogeneous glasses of the xNd2O3sbnd (100 - x)(12CaOsbnd 20Fe2O3sbnd 68P2O5) system were obtained within the 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 10 mol% composition range. The density and molar volume measurements helped to understand the structural changes occurring in these glasses. Vickers-hardness results showed that addition of Nd2O3 strengthened the crosslinking of the glass network. Spectra analysis indicated that Nd2O3 enters in the structure of the phosphate glasses as a network modifier. The depolymerization of the glass network by the addition of Nd2O3 is characterized by the increase in the concentration of pyrophosphate. The decrease of the Q1 terminal oxygen with increasing Nd2O3 content indicated that Psbnd Osbnd Nd bonds participated in the pyrophosphate glass structure, determined from the Raman spectra.

Physical properties of nanoparticles Nd added Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbas, Muna; Abdulridha, Ali; Jassim, Amal; Hashim, Fouad

2018-05-01

Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy bulks were synthesized, with the addition of Nd2O3 nanoparticles, by the solid state reaction method. The concentrations of Nd were varied from 0.1 to 0.6. The superconducting properties of the samples were investigated and studied to determine the influence of Nd2O3 addition on superconducting properties and microstructural development. The structural characteristics of the synthesized superconductor samples were carried out through X-ray diffractions. DC Four point probe method was used to study the electrical resistivity behavior and to evaluate the transition temperature (TC) for all samples. It was found that: 0.2 weight percentage of Nd2O3 yield the highest TC 123 K for highest volume fraction of 2223-phase, while excessive addition decreased both of them. The results point to compelling indications of correlations between charge carriers and superconductivity. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis for Bi1.7Pb0.3Nd0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy superconductor shows that Nd may be substituted at Ca sites creating point defects, which act as flux pinning centers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the microstructure of some samples. Their results showed precipitation of Nd nanoparticles on the surface as plate-like grains.

1st- and 2nd-order motion and texture resolution in central and peripheral vision

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Solomon, J. A.; Sperling, G.

1995-01-01

STIMULI. The 1st-order stimuli are moving sine gratings. The 2nd-order stimuli are fields of static visual texture, whose contrasts are modulated by moving sine gratings. Neither the spatial slant (orientation) nor the direction of motion of these 2nd-order (microbalanced) stimuli can be detected by a Fourier analysis; they are invisible to Reichardt and motion-energy detectors. METHOD. For these dynamic stimuli, when presented both centrally and in an annular window extending from 8 to 10 deg in eccentricity, we measured the highest spatial frequency for which discrimination between +/- 45 deg texture slants and discrimination between opposite directions of motion were each possible. RESULTS. For sufficiently low spatial frequencies, slant and direction can be discriminated in both central and peripheral vision, for both 1st- and for 2nd-order stimuli. For both 1st- and 2nd-order stimuli, at both retinal locations, slant discrimination is possible at higher spatial frequencies than direction discrimination. For both 1st- and 2nd-order stimuli, motion resolution decreases 2-3 times more rapidly with eccentricity than does texture resolution. CONCLUSIONS. (1) 1st- and 2nd-order motion scale similarly with eccentricity. (2) 1st- and 2nd-order texture scale similarly with eccentricity. (3) The central/peripheral resolution fall-off is 2-3 times greater for motion than for texture.

Coercivity enhancement of Nd-Fe-B hot-deformed magnets by the eutectic grain boundary diffusion process using Nd-Ga-Cu and Nd-Fe-Ga-Cu alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Lihua; Sepehri-Amin, H.; Sasaki, T. T.; Ohkubo, T.; Yano, M.; Sakuma, N.; Kato, A.; Shoji, T.; Hono, K.

2018-05-01

Nd80Ga15Cu5 and Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4 alloys were used as diffusion sources for the eutectic grain boundary diffusion process, applying to 4 mm-thick Nd-Fe-B hot-deformed magnets. Both samples showed nearly same coercivity of 2.2 T, while the sample processed with Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4 showed smaller remanence deterioration from 1.50 T to 1.30 T, in contrast to that of the sample processed with Nd80Ga15Cu5 to 1.08 T. Mr/Ms of the initial sample and the samples processed with Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4 and Nd80Ga15Cu5 were 0.946, 0.934 and 0.917, respectively, suggesting that the sample processed with Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4 retains stronger c-axis texture after the diffusion process. Nd-rich phases with Ia3 ¯ and fcc structures were observed in the sample processed with Nd80Ga15Cu5, while the Nd-rich phases with the Ia3 ¯ and hcp structures were found in the sample processed with Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4, all of which are the phases commonly observed in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets.

Effects of Molar Ratios and Sintering Times on Crystal Structures and Surface Morphology of Nd1+xFeO3 Oxide Alloy Prepared by using Solid Reaction Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sujiono, E. H.; Agus, J.; Samnur, S.; Triyana, K.

2018-05-01

The effects of molar ratios and sintering times on crystal structures and surface morphology on NdFeO3 oxide alloy have been studied. NdFeO3 oxide alloy formed by chemical preparation with solid reaction method using raw oxide Fe2O3 (99.9 %) and Nd2O3 (99.9 %) powders. In this article we reported the effects of molar ratios x = (–0.1, –0.2 and –0.3) and sintering times for 15 h and 20 h on crystal structures and surface morphology of Nd1+xFeO3 synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The results indicate that variation of molar ratio and sintering time has influenced the FWHM, crystalline size and grain size. The Nd1+xFeO3 have a major phase is NdFeO3, and other minor phases are Fe2O3, Nd2O3 and Nd(OH)3. The dominant intensity of hkl (121) with a value in FWHM, crystallite size, and grain size an indication the results will be applied as a gas sensor material as the focus of the further study.

Dual-wavelength Nd:CaLnAlO4 lasers at 1.365 and 1.390 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loiko, Pavel; Maria Serres, Josep; Mateos, Xavier; Xu, Xiaodong; Xu, Jun; Griebner, Uwe; Petrov, Valentin; Aguiló, Magdalena; Díaz, Francesc; Major, Arkady

2018-02-01

Tetragonal calcium rare-earth aluminates, CaLnAlO4, are attractive laser host crystals. The emission of Nd3+ ions at 1.3- 1.4 μm due to the 4F3/2 -> 4I13/2 transition is of interest for medicine, fiber optics, and light conversion. We report on compact Nd:CaLnAlO4 lasers using a plane-plane cavity. With an a-cut 0.8 at.% Nd:CaYAlO4 crystal diode-pumped at 802 nm, a maximum continuous-wave output power of 365 mW was achieved at 1.365 & 1.390 μm corresponding to the σ-polarization. The 4F3/2 -> 4I13/2 laser performance of the Nd:CaLnAlO4 crystals was compared to that from a monoclinic Nd:KGd(WO4)2. At the 4F3/2-> 4I11/2 transition (1.08 μm), a Nd:CaYAlO4 micro-laser generated multi-watt output (>4 W) with a slope efficiency of 39%.

The psychobiological theory of temperament and character: comment on Farmer and Goldberg (2008).

PubMed

Cloninger, C Robert

2008-09-01

The revised Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) is the third stage of development of a widely used multiscale personality inventory that began with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and then the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The author describes the third stage of the psychobiological theory of temperament and character; empirical tests of its predictions from genetics, neurobiology, psychosocial development, and clinical studies; and empirical findings that stimulated incremental changes in theory and test construction. Linear factor analysis is an inadequate method for evaluating the nonlinear and dynamical nature of the intrapsychic processes that influence human personality. Traits derived by factor analysis under the doubtful assumption of linearity are actually heterogeneous composites of rational and emotional processes that differ fundamentally in their underlying brain processes. The predictions of the psychobiological theory are strongly validated by extensive data from genetics, neurobiology, longitudinal studies of development, and clinical assessment. The distinction between temperament and character allows the TCI and TCI-R to outperform other popular personality inventories in distinguishing individuals with personality disorders from others and in describing the developmental path to well-being in terms of dynamical processes within the individual that are useful for both research and clinical practice. (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.

Impedance spectroscopy study of SiO2-Li2O:Nd2O3 glasses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pereia, R.; Gozzo, C B; Guedes, I.

2014-01-01

In the present study, neodymium-doped lithium silicate glasses have been prepared by the conventional melt-quenching technique. The dielectric properties, electric modulus and electrical conductivity of SiO2-Li2O (SiLi-0Nd) and SiO2-Li2O:Nd2O3 (SiLi-1.35Nd) have been studied from 1 Hz to 1 MHz in the 333 423 K temperature range. At a given temperature and frequency, we observe that the resistivity increases while the conductivity accordingly decreases when neodymium ions are added to the glass matrix. The activation energy of two distinct regions was evaluated from the ln( dc)=f(1/T) plot and was found to be E1(T<363K)=0.61(0.66)eV and E2(T>363K)=1.26(1.09)eV for SiLi-0Nd (SiLi-1,35Nd). The dielectric constantmore » ( Re) decreases while the dielectric loss (tan ( )) increases under Nd2O3 doping. We also observe that for both glasses, Re and tan ( ) tend to increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing frequency.« less

Spectroscopic Properties of B2O3-PbO-Nd2O3 Glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simon, V.; Ardelean, I.; Milea, I.; Peteanu, M.; Simon, S.

Samples belonging to xNd2O3(100-x) [2B2O3·PbO] glass system, with 0≤ x≤ 40 mol%, are investigated by IR and UV-VIS spectroscopies in order to obtain evidence for the influence of Nd2O3 on the local order from 2B2O3·PbO glass matrix. Besides the IR absorption bands characteristic to lead and boron arrangements, typical absorption lines of Nd3+ ions around 4000 cm-1 and 6000 cm-1 are recorded. The 6000 cm-1 band appears only for the samples with x≥25 mol% Nd2O3. The split of some UV-VIS absorption bands arising from transitions of neodymium ions in doublet lines as well as the shift of the absorption bands as the Nd2O3 content increases denote the influence of the lead-borate matrix on the radiative transitions of the lanthanide ion.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of novel intermetallic compounds R2Co2SiC (R = Pr, Nd).

PubMed

Zhou, Sixuan; Mishra, Trinath; Wang, Man; Shatruk, Michael; Cao, Huibo; Latturner, Susan E

2014-06-16

The intermetallic compounds R2Co2SiC (R = Pr, Nd) were prepared from the reaction of silicon and carbon in either Pr/Co or Nd/Co eutectic flux. These phases crystallize with a new stuffed variant of the W2CoB2 structure type in orthorhombic space group Immm with unit cell parameters a = 3.978(4) Å, b = 6.094(5) Å, c = 8.903(8) Å (Z = 2; R1 = 0.0302) for Nd2Co2SiC. Silicon, cobalt, and carbon atoms form two-dimensional flat sheets, which are separated by puckered layers of rare-earth cations. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the rare earth cations in both analogues order ferromagnetically at low temperature (TC ≈ 12 K for Nd2Co2SiC and TC ≈ 20 K for Pr2Co2SiC). Single-crystal neutron diffraction data for Nd2Co2SiC indicate that Nd moments initially align ferromagnetically along the c axis around ∼12 K, but below 11 K, they tilt slightly away from the c axis, in the ac plane. Electronic structure calculations confirm the lack of spin polarization for Co 3d moments.

Near-infrared luminescence of Bi2ZnOB2O6:Nd3+/PMMA composite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaroszewski, K.; Głuchowski, P.; Chrunik, M.; Jastrząb, R.; Majchrowski, A.; Kasprowicz, D.

2018-01-01

Near-infrared luminescence of a novel polymer composite system: PMMA doped with Bi2ZnOB2O6:Nd3+ microparticles, is reported for the first time. Luminescence properties of Bi2ZnOB2O6:Nd3+/PMMA were analyzed on the basis on excitation and emission spectra as well as fluorescence decay profiles. Excitation spectra monitored at 1062 nm (4F3/2 → 4I11/2) indicate numerous bands related to the optical transition of Nd3+ ions: from the 4I9/2 ground state to the 4D3/2, 2P1/2, 2K15/2, 4G7/2 + 4G9/2, 2K13/2, 4G5/2 + 2G7/2, 2H11/2, 4F9/2, 4F7/2 + 4S3/2, 4F5/2 + 2H9/2, 4F3/2 excited states. Many of them may be utilized to excite near-infrared emission of Nd3+ ions. In particular, distinctive Nd3+ emissions of the 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 and 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 transitions were detected, under excitation at 514 nm. The fluorescence decay profiles monitored at 1062 nm, excited at 514 nm, show relatively long emission lifetime of the 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 transition equal to 85 μs. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine vibrational properties and homogeneity of Bi2ZnOB2O6:Nd3+/PMMA composites. The obtained results suggest that Bi2ZnOB2O6:Nd3+/PMMA composite may be applied as an effective source of near-infrared emission in a new integrated optoelectronic devices.

Four-wave-mixing and nonlinear cavity dumping of 280 picosecond 2nd Stokes pulse at 1.3 μm from Nd:SrMoO4 self-Raman laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smetanin, S. N.; Jelínek, M., Jr.; Kubeček, V.; Jelínková, H.; Ivleva, L. I.; Shurygin, A. S.

2016-01-01

The 280 picosecond 2nd Stokes Raman pulses at 1.3 μm were generated directly from the miniature diode-pumped Nd:SrMoO4 self-Raman laser. Using the 90° phase matching insensitive to the angular mismatch, the self-Raman laser allowed for the achievement of the four-wave-mixing generation of the 2nd Stokes Raman pulse directly in the active Nd:SrMoO4 crystal at stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) self-conversion of the laser radiation. The passive Cr:YAG Q-switching and nonlinear cavity dumping was used without any phase locking device.

Anomalous magnetoelastic behaviour near morphotropic phase boundary in ferromagnetic Tb 1-xNd xCo 2 system

DOE PAGES

Murtaza, Adil; Yang, Sen; Zhou, Chao; ...

2016-08-04

In this study, we report a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) involved ferromagnetic system Tb 1-xNd xCo 2 and reveal the corresponding structural and magnetoelastic properties of this system. With high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffractometry, the crystal structure of the TbCo 2-rich side is detected to be rhombohedral and that of NdCo 2-rich side is tetragonal below their respective Curie temperatures TC. The MPB composition Tb 0.35Nd 0.65Co 2 corresponds to the coexistence of the rhombohedral phase (R-phase) and tetragonal phase ( T-phase). Contrary to previously reported MPB involved ferromagnetic systems, the MPB composition of Tb 0.35Nd 0.65Co 2 shows minimummore » magnetization which can be understood as compensation of sublattice moments between the R-phase and the T-phase. Furthermore, magnetostriction of Tb 1-xNd xCo 2 decreases with increasing Nd concentration until x = 0.8 and then increases in the negative direction with further increasing Nd concentration; the optimum point for magnetoelastic properties lies towards the rhombohedral phase. Finally, our work not only shows an anomalous type of ferromagnetic MPB but also provides an effective way to design functional materials.« less

Long-term exposure to oral methylphenidate or dl-amphetamine mixture in peri-adolescent rhesus monkeys: effects on physiology, behavior, and dopamine system development.

PubMed

Soto, Paul L; Wilcox, Kristin M; Zhou, Yun; Kumar, Anil; Ator, Nancy A; Riddle, Mark A; Wong, Dean F; Weed, Michael R

2012-11-01

The stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine are used to treat children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder over important developmental periods, prompting concerns regarding possible long-term health impact. This study assessed the effects of such a regimen in male, peri-adolescent rhesus monkeys on a variety of cognitive/behavioral, physiological, and in vivo neurochemical imaging parameters. Twice daily (0900 and 1200 hours), for a total of 18 months, juvenile male monkeys (8 per group) consumed either an unadulterated orange-flavored solution, a methylphenidate solution, or a dl-amphetamine mixture. Doses were titrated to reach blood/plasma levels comparable to therapeutic levels in children. [¹¹C]MPH and [¹¹C]raclopride dynamic PET scans were performed to image dopamine transporter and D₂-like receptors, respectively. Binding potential (BP(ND)), an index of tracer-specific binding, and amphetamine-induced changes in BP(ND) of [¹¹C]raclopride were estimated by kinetic modeling. There were no consistent differences among groups on the vast majority of measures, including cognitive (psychomotor speed, timing, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility), general activity, physiological (body weight, head circumference, crown-to-rump length), and neurochemical (ie, developmental changes in dopamine transporter, dopamine D₂ receptor density, and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release were as expected). Cytogenetic studies indicated that neither drug was a clastogen in rhesus monkeys. Thus, methylphenidate and amphetamine at therapeutic blood/plasma levels during peri-adolescence in non-human primates have little effect on physiological or behavioral/cognitive development.

Oxygen trapped by rare earth tetrahedral clusters in Nd4FeOS6: Crystal structure, electronic structure, and magnetic properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Qisheng; Taufour, Valentin; Zhang, Yuemei; Wood, Max; Drtina, Thomas; Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Canfield, Paul C.; Miller, Gordon J.

2015-09-01

Single crystals of Nd4FeOS6 were grown from an Fe-S eutectic solution. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a Nd4MnOSe6-type structure (P63mc, a=9.2693(1) Å, c=6.6650(1)Å, V=495.94(1) Å3, Z=2), featuring parallel chains of face-sharing [FeS6×1/2]4- trigonal antiprisms and interlinked [Nd4OS3]4+ cubane-like clusters. Oxygen atoms were found to be trapped by Nd4 clusters in the [Nd4OS3]4+ chains. Structural differences among Nd4MnOSe6-type Nd4FeOS6 and the related La3CuSiS7- and Pr8CoGa3-type structures have been described. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on Nd4FeOS6 suggested the dominance of antiferromagnetic interactions at low temperature, but no magnetic ordering down to 2 K was observed. Spin-polarized electronic structure calculations revealed magnetic frustration with dominant antiferromagnetic interactions.

Chemical separation of Nd from geological samples for chronological studies using (146)Sm-(142)Nd and (147)Sm-(143)Nd systematics.

PubMed

Kagami, Saya; Yokoyama, Tetsuya

2016-09-21

Sm-Nd dating, which involves long-lived (147)Sm-(143)Nd and short-lived (146)Sm-(142)Nd systematics, has been widely used in the field of geosciences. To obtain precise and accurate ages of geological samples, the determination of highly precise Nd isotope ratios with nearly complete removal of Ce and Sm is indispensable to avoid mass spectral interference. In this study, we developed a three-step column chemistry procedure for separating Nd from geological samples that includes cation exchange chromatography for separating major elements from rare earth elements (REEs), oxidative extraction chromatography using Ln Resin coupled with HNO3 + KBrO3 for separating tetravalent Ce from the remaining REEs, and final purification of Nd using Ln Resin. This method enables high recovery of Nd (>91%) with effective separation of Nd from Ce and Sm (Ce/Nd < 1.2 × 10(-5) and Sm/Nd < 5.2 × 10(-6)). In addition, we devised a new method for determining Sm/Nd ratios with the isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method using (145)Nd- and (149)Sm-enriched spikes coupled with a group separation of REEs using TRU Resin. Applying the techniques developed in this study, we determined the Sm-Nd whole-rock isochron age of basaltic eucrites, yielding 4577 - 88(+ 55) Ma and 4558 ± 300 Ma for (146)Sm-(142)Nd and (147)Sm-(143)Nd systematics, respectively. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of Nd and Y on texture of as-extruded Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Liqun; Zhang, Tianlong; Cui, Chongliang; Wu, Ruizhi; Zhang, Milin; Hou, Legan

2016-07-01

Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn alloys with the additions of Y and Nd were prepared using induction melting furnace under the atmosphere of pure argon; then they were extruded. The textures of the as-extruded alloys were analyzed by pole figures and electron backscatter diffraction. Results show that the addition of a small amount of Nd can weaken the basal texture. The further increase of Nd content has no corresponding further influence on texture. When a small amount of Y is used to replace Nd, the basal texture can be further weakened and the prismatic slip system can be further activated. In the alloy of Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn-1.2Y-0.8Nd, the basal textures almost vanish.

Local functional connectivity suggests functional immaturity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

PubMed

Marcos-Vidal, Luis; Martínez-García, Magdalena; Pretus, Clara; Garcia-Garcia, David; Martínez, Kenia; Janssen, Joost; Vilarroya, Oscar; Castellanos, Francisco X; Desco, Manuel; Sepulcre, Jorge; Carmona, Susanna

2018-06-01

Previous studies have associated Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with a maturational lag of brain functional networks. Functional connectivity of the human brain changes from primarily local to more distant connectivity patterns during typical development. Under the maturational lag hypothesis, we expect children with ADHD to exhibit increased local connectivity and decreased distant connectivity compared with neurotypically developing (ND) children. We applied a graph-theory method to compute local and distant connectivity levels and cross-sectionally compared them in a sample of 120 children with ADHD and 120 age-matched ND children (age range = 7-17 years). In addition, we measured if potential group differences in local and distant connectivity were stable across the age range considered. Finally, we assessed the clinical relevance of observed group differences by correlating the connectivity levels and ADHD symptoms severity separately for each group. Children with ADHD exhibited more local connectivity than age-matched ND children in multiple brain regions, mainly overlapping with default mode, fronto-parietal and ventral attentional functional networks (p < .05- threshold free-cluster enhancement-family-wise error). We detected an atypical developmental pattern of local connectivity in somatomotor regions, that is, decreases with age in ND children, and increases with age in children with ADHD. Furthermore, local connectivity within somatomotor areas correlated positively with clinical severity of ADHD symptoms, both in ADHD and ND children. Results suggest an immature functional state of multiple brain networks in children with ADHD. Whereas the ADHD diagnosis is associated with the integrity of the system comprising the fronto-parietal, default mode and ventral attentional networks, the severity of clinical symptoms is related to atypical functional connectivity within somatomotor areas. Additionally, our findings are in line with the view of ADHD as a disorder of deviated maturational trajectories, mainly affecting somatomotor areas, rather than delays that normalize with age. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Temperature-dependent spectroscopy and microchip laser operation of Nd:KGd(WO4)2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loiko, P.; Yoon, S. J.; Serres, J. M.; Mateos, X.; Beecher, S. J.; Birch, R. B.; Savitski, V. G.; Kemp, A. J.; Yumashev, K.; Griebner, U.; Petrov, V.; Aguiló, M.; Díaz, F.; Mackenzie, J. I.

2016-08-01

High-resolution absorption and stimulated-emission cross-section spectra are presented for monoclinic Nd:KGd(WO4)2 (Nd:KGW) laser crystals in the temperature range 77-450 K. At room-temperature, the maximum stimulated emission cross-section is σSE = 21.4 × 10-20 cm2 at 1067.3 nm, for light polarization E || Nm. The lifetime of the 4F3/2 state of Nd3+ in KGW is practically temperature independent at 115 ± 5 μs. Measurement of the energy transfer upconversion parameter for a 3 at.% Nd:KGW crystal proved that this was significantly smaller than for alternative hosts, ∼2.5 × 10-17 cm3/s. When cut along the Ng optical indicatrix axis, the Nd:KGW crystal was configured as a microchip laser, generating ∼4 W of continuous-wave output at 1067 nm with a slope efficiency of 61% under diode-pumping. Using a highly-doped (10 at.%) Nd:KGW crystal, the slope efficiency reached 71% and 74% when pumped with a laser diode and a Ti:Sapphire laser, respectively. The concept of an ultrathin (250 μm) Nd:KGW microchip laser sandwiched between two synthetic diamond heat-spreaders is demonstrated.

Low temperature magnetic properties of Nd2Ru2O7

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ku, S. T.; Kumar, D.; Lees, M. R.; Lee, W.-T.; Aldus, R.; Studer, A.; Imperia, P.; Asai, S.; Masuda, T.; Chen, S. W.; Chen, J. M.; Chang, L. J.

2018-04-01

We present magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and neutron diffraction measurements of polycrystalline Nd2Ru2O7 down to 0.4 K. Three anomalies in the magnetic susceptibility measurements at 146, 21 and 1.8 K are associated with an antiferromagnetic ordering of the Ru4+ moments, a weak ferromagnetic signal attributed to a canting of the Ru4+ and Nd3+ moments, and a long-range-ordering of the Nd3+ moments, respectively. The long-range order of the Nd3+ moments was observed in all the measurements, indicating that the ground state of the compound is not a spin glass. The magnetic entropy of Rln2 accumulated up to 5 K, suggests the Nd3+ has a doublet ground state. Lattice distortions accompany the transitions, as revealed by neutron diffraction measurements, and in agreement with earlier synchrotron x-ray studies. The magnetic moment of the Nd3+ ion at 0.4 K is estimated to be 1.54(2)µ B and the magnetic structure is all-in all-out as determined by our neutron diffraction measurements.

An analysis of candidates for addition to the Clean Air Act list of hazardous air pollutants.

PubMed

Lunder, Sonya; Woodruff, Tracey J; Axelrad, Daniel A

2004-02-01

There are 188 air toxics listed as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the Clean Air Act (CAA), based on their potential to adversely impact public health. This paper presents several analyses performed to screen potential candidates for addition to the HAPs list. We analyzed 1086 HAPs and potential HAPs, including chemicals regulated by the state of California or with emissions reported to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). HAPs and potential HAPs were ranked by their emissions to air, and by toxicity-weighted (tox-wtd) emissions for cancer and noncancer, using emissions information from the TRI and toxicity information from state and federal agencies. Separate consideration was given for persistent, bioaccumulative toxins (PBTs), reproductive or developmental toxins, and chemicals under evaluation for regulation as toxic air contaminants in California. Forty-four pollutants were identified as candidate HAPs based on three ranking analyses and whether they were a PBT or a reproductive or developmental toxin. Of these, nine qualified in two or three different rankings (ammonia [NH3], copper [Cu], Cu compounds, nitric acid [HNO3], N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, sulfuric acid [H2SO4], vanadium [V] compounds, zinc [Zn], and Zn compounds). This analysis suggests further evaluation of several pollutants for possible addition to the CAA list of HAPs.

Dopamine response to psychosocial stress in humans and its relationship to individual differences in personality traits.

PubMed

Suridjan, Ivonne; Boileau, Isabelle; Bagby, Michael; Rusjan, Pablo M; Wilson, Alan A; Houle, Sylvain; Mizrahi, Romina

2012-07-01

Previous studies have reported inter-individual variability in the dopamine (DA) response to stress. This variability might be related to individual differences in the vulnerability to experience the negative effect of stress. To investigate whether personality traits as measured by the revised NEO personality inventory explain variability in DA response to a psychosocial stress task. Eleven healthy adults, mean age of 26 ± 3.87 underwent two positron emission tomography (PET) scans using the dopamine D(2/3) agonist, [11C]-(+)-PHNO under a control and stress condition. The simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) was used to obtain [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding potential (BP(ND)). Stress-induced DA response was indexed as a percent change in [11C]-(+)-PHNO BP(ND) between control and stress conditions. The regions of interest were defined into D2-rich regions, which included the Associative and Sensorimotor Striatum (AST and SMST); D(2/3) mixed regions, which included the limbic striatum (LST) and globus pallidus (GP); and D3-rich region, which included the Substantia Nigra (SN). Several personality traits within the Neuroticism and Openness to Experience domain were significantly correlated with blunted DA response to stress. Specifically, the Angry-Hostility, Vulnerability, and Depression trait were associated with blunted DA stress response in the AST (r = -0.645, p = 0.032), LST (r = -0.677, p = 0.022) and GP (r = -0.736, p = 0.010), respectively. The Openness to Values was correlated with a decreased DA release in the SN (r = -0.706, p = 0.015). Variability in DA stress response might be related to individual differences in personality. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Lanthanite-(Nd), Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O

PubMed Central

Morrison, Shaunna M.; Andrade, Marcelo B.; Wenz, Michelle D.; Domanik, Kenneth J.; Downs, Robert T.

2013-01-01

Lanthanite-(Nd), ideally Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O [dineodymium(III) tricarbonate octa­hydrate], is a member of the lanthanite mineral group characterized by the general formula REE 2(CO3)3·8H2O, where REE is a 10-coordinated rare earth element. Based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction of a natural sample from Mitsukoshi, Hizen-cho, Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture, Japan, this study presents the first structure determination of lanthanite-(Nd). Its structure is very similar to that of other members of the lanthanite group. It is composed of infinite sheets made up of corner- and edge-sharing of two NdO10-polyhedra (both with site symmetry ..2) and two carbonate triangles (site symmetries ..2 and 1) parallel to the ab plane, and stacked perpendicular to c. These layers are linked to one another only through hydrogen bonding involving the water mol­ecules. PMID:23476479

Developmental vitamin D deficiency causes abnormal brain development.

PubMed

Eyles, D W; Feron, F; Cui, X; Kesby, J P; Harms, L H; Ko, P; McGrath, J J; Burne, T H J

2009-12-01

There is now clear evidence that vitamin D is involved in brain development. Our group is interested in environmental factors that shape brain development and how this may be relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. The origins of schizophrenia are considered developmental. We hypothesised that developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency may be the plausible neurobiological explanation for several important epidemiological correlates of schizophrenia namely: (1) the excess winter/spring birth rate, (2) increased incidence of the disease in 2nd generation Afro-Caribbean migrants and (3) increased urban birth rate. Moreover we have published two pieces of direct epidemiological support for this hypothesis in patients. In order to establish the "Biological Plausibility" of this hypothesis we have developed an animal model to study the effect of DVD deficiency on brain development. We do this by removing vitamin D from the diet of female rats prior to breeding. At birth we return all dams to a vitamin D containing diet. Using this procedure we impose a transient, gestational vitamin D deficiency, while maintaining normal calcium levels throughout. The brains of offspring from DVD-deficient dams are characterised by (1) a mild distortion in brain shape, (2) increased lateral ventricle volumes, (3) reduced differentiation and (4) diminished expression of neurotrophic factors. As adults, the alterations in ventricular volume persist and alterations in brain gene and protein expression emerge. Adult DVD-deficient rats also display behavioural sensitivity to agents that induce psychosis (the NMDA antagonist MK-801) and have impairments in attentional processing. In this review we summarise the literature addressing the function of vitamin D on neuronal and non-neuronal cells as well as in vivo results from DVD-deficient animals. Our conclusions from these data are that vitamin D is a plausible biological risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders and that vitamin D acts as a neurosteroid with direct effects on brain development.

Association between intensive handwashing promotion and child development in Karachi, Pakistan: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Bowen, Anna; Agboatwalla, Mubina; Luby, Stephen; Tobery, Timothy; Ayers, Tracy; Hoekstra, R M

2012-11-01

To evaluate associations between handwashing promotion and child growth and development. Cluster randomized controlled trial. Informal settlements in Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 461 children who were enrolled in a trial of household-level handwashing promotion in 2003 and were younger than 8 years at reassessment in 2009. In 2003, neighborhoods were randomized to control (n = 9), handwashing promotion (n = 9), or handwashing promotion and drinking water treatment (n = 10); intervention households received free soap and weekly handwashing promotion for 9 months. Anthropometrics and developmental quotients measured with the Battelle Developmental Inventory II at 5 to 7 years of age. Overall, 24.9% (95% CI, 20.0%-30.6%) and 22.1% (95% CI, 18.0%-26.8%) of children had z scores that were more than 2 SDs below the expected z scores for height and body mass index for age, respectively; anthropometrics did not differ significantly across study groups. Global developmental quotients averaged 104.4 (95% CI, 101.9-107.0) among intervention children and 98.3 (95% CI, 93.1-103.4) among control children (P = .04). Differences of similar magnitude were measured across adaptive, personal-social, communication, cognitive, and motor domains. Although growth was similar across groups, children randomized to the handwashing promotion during their first 30 months of age attained global developmental quotients 0.4 SDs greater than those of control children at 5 to 7 years of age. These gains are comparable to those of at-risk children enrolled in publicly funded preschools in the United States and suggest that handwashing promotion could improve child well-being and societal productivity. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01538953.

Association Between Intensive Handwashing Promotion and Child Development in Karachi, Pakistan

PubMed Central

Bowen, Anna; Agboatwalla, Mubina; Luby, Stephen; Tobery, Timothy; Ayers, Tracy; Hoekstra, R. M.

2015-01-01

Objective To evaluate associations between handwashing promotion and child growth and development. Design Cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting Informal settlements in Karachi, Pakistan. Participants A total of 461 children who were enrolled in a trial of household-level handwashing promotion in 2003 and were younger than 8 years at reassessment in 2009. Interventions In 2003, neighborhoods were randomized to control (n=9), handwashing promotion (n=9), or handwashing promotion and drinking water treatment (n=10); intervention households received free soap and weekly handwashing promotion for 9 months. Main Outcome Measures Anthropometrics and developmental quotients measured with the Battelle Developmental Inventory II at 5 to 7 years of age. Results Overall, 24.9% (95% CI, 20.0%–30.6%) and 22.1% (95% CI, 18.0%–26.8%) of children had z scores that were more than 2 SDs below the expected z scores for height and body mass index for age, respectively; anthropometrics did not differ significantly across study groups. Global developmental quotients averaged 104.4 (95% CI, 101.9–107.0) among intervention children and 98.3 (95% CI, 93.1–103.4) among control children (P=.04). Differences of similar magnitude were measured across adaptive, personal-social, communication, cognitive, and motor domains. Conclusions Although growth was similar across groups, children randomized to the handwashing promotion during their first 30 months of age attained global developmental quotients 0.4 SDs greater than those of control children at 5 to 7 years of age. These gains are comparable to those of at-risk children enrolled in publicly funded preschools in the United States and suggest that handwashing promotion could improve child wellbeing and societal productivity. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01538953 PMID:22986783

Generation of 103 fs mode-locked pulses by a gain linewidth-variable Nd,Y:CaF2 disordered crystal.

PubMed

Qin, Z P; Xie, G Q; Ma, J; Ge, W Y; Yuan, P; Qian, L J; Su, L B; Jiang, D P; Ma, F K; Zhang, Q; Cao, Y X; Xu, J

2014-04-01

We have demonstrated a diode-pumped passively mode-locked femtosecond Nd,Y:CaF2 disordered crystal laser for the first time to our knowledge. By choosing appropriate Y-doping concentration, a broad fluorescence linewidth of 31 nm has been obtained from the gain linewidth-variable Nd,Y:CaF2 crystal. With the Nd,Y:CaF2 disordered crystal as gain medium, the mode-locked laser generated pulses with pulse duration as short as 103 fs, average output power of 89 mW, and repetition rate of 100 MHz. To our best knowledge, this is the shortest pulse generated from Nd-doped crystal lasers so far. The research results show that the Nd,Y:CaF2 disordered crystal will be a potential alternative as gain medium of repetitive chirped pulse amplification for high-peak-power lasers.

Solution-processed high-mobility neodymium-substituted indium oxide thin-film transistors formed by facile patterning based on aqueous precursors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Zhenguo; Lan, Linfeng; Sun, Sheng; Li, Yuzhi; Song, Wei; Gao, Peixiong; Song, Erlong; Zhang, Peng; Li, Meiling; Wang, Lei; Peng, Junbiao

2017-03-01

Solution-processed neodymium-substituted indium oxide (InNdO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on gel-like aqueous precursors were fabricated with a surface-selective deposition technique associated with ultraviolet irradiation. The Nd concentration can be easily tuned by changing the ratio of Nd2O3 to In2O3 precursors. It was found that Nd played roles of suppressing grain growth, suppressing oxygen vacancy formation, and increasing the electrical stability of TFTs. The InNdO TFT with a Nd:In ratio of 0.02:1 exhibited a mobility of as high as 15.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 with improved stability under gate-bias stress.

Improvement of the magnetic moment of NiZn ferrites induced by substitution of Nd3+ ions for Fe3+ ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Xuehang; Chen, Wen; Wu, Wenwei; Wu, Juan; Wang, Qing

2018-05-01

Four types of Ni-Zn based ferrites materials having the general formula Ni0.5Zn0.5NdxFe2-xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12) have been successfully synthesized by calcining oxalates in air and the influence of Nd content on the structure and magnetic properties of Ni0.5Zn0.5NdxFe2-xO4 is studied. X-ray diffraction examination confirms that a high-crystallized Ni0.5Zn0.5NdxFe2-xO4 with cubic spinel structure is obtained when the precursor is calcined at 1000 °C in air for 2 h. The substitutions of Nd3+ ions for partial Fe3+ ions do not change the spinel crystalline structure of MFe2O4. The incorporation of Nd3+ ions in place of Fe3+ ions in Ni-Zn ferrites increases the average crystallite size. Specific saturation magnetization decreases with increase in Nd content. This is because Nd3+ ions with smaller magnetic moment preferentially fill the octahedral sites. In addition, antiferromagnetic FeNdO3 increases with increase in Nd content. In this study, Ni0.5Zn0.5Nd0.08Fe1.92O4, calcined at 1000 °C, exhibits the highest magnetic moment (4.2954 μB) and the lowest coercivity (28.82 Oe).

Longitudinal analysis of receptive vocabulary growth in young Spanish English-speaking children from migrant families.

PubMed

Jackson, Carla Wood; Schatschneider, Christopher; Leacox, Lindsey

2014-01-01

The authors of this study described developmental trajectories and predicted kindergarten performance of Spanish and English receptive vocabulary acquisition of young Latino/a English language learners (ELLs) from socioeconomically disadvantaged migrant families. In addition, the authors examined the extent to which gender and individual initial performance in Spanish predict receptive vocabulary performance and growth rate. The authors used hierarchical linear modeling of 64 children's receptive vocabulary performance to generate growth trajectories, predict performance at school entry, and examine potential predictors of rate of growth. The timing of testing varied across children. The ELLs (prekindergarten to 2nd grade) participated in 2-5 testing sessions, each 6-12 months apart. The ELLs' average predicted standard score on an English receptive vocabulary at kindergarten was nearly 2 SDs below the mean for monolingual peers. Significant growth in the ELLs' receptive vocabulary was observed between preschool and 2nd grade, indicating that the ELLs were slowly closing the receptive vocabulary gap, although their average score remained below the standard score mean for age-matched monolingual peers. The ELLs demonstrated a significant decrease in Spanish receptive vocabulary standard scores over time. Initial Spanish receptive vocabulary was a significant predictor of growth in English receptive vocabulary. High initial Spanish receptive vocabulary was associated with greater growth in English receptive vocabulary and decelerated growth in Spanish receptive vocabulary. Gender was not a significant predictor of growth in either English or Spanish receptive vocabulary. ELLs from low socioeconomic backgrounds may be expected to perform lower in English compared with their monolingual English peers in kindergarten. Performance in Spanish at school entry may be useful in identifying children who require more intensive instructional support for English vocabulary growth. Findings substantiate the need for progress monitoring across the early school years.

High energy efficient solid state laser sources. [slab geometry laser sources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Byer, R. L.

1983-01-01

Slab glass performance studies demonstate 18 J of output at 2 Hz with 2.3% wall plug efficiency. The goal is to achieve 10 J per pulse at 10 Hz and 3% wall plug efficiency during the next annual period. The slab concept was extended to Nd:YAG and to Nd:GGG. To date over 80 W of CW output power at 2% efficiency was generated in slab Nd:YAG. A multiplexed slab Nd:YAG pre-amplifier was invented and a Nd:YAG oscillator was demonstrated with 100kHz linewidth for eventual use in wind velocity measurements.

Spectroscopic analysis of a novel Nd3+-activated barium borate glass for broadband laser amplification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vázquez, G. V.; Muñoz H., G.; Camarillo, I.; Falcony, C.; Caldiño, U.; Lira, A.

2015-08-01

Spectroscopic parameters of a novel Nd3+-activated barium borate (BBONd) glass have been analyzed for broadband laser amplification. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters were determined through a systematic analysis of the absorption spectrum of Nd3+ ions in the BBONd glass. High values of the JO intensity parameters reveal a great centro-symmetrical loss of the Nd3+ sites and high covalency degree of the ligand field. The very high Ω6 intensity parameter value makes evident both a great structural distortion of the Nd3+ sites and a strong electron-phonon coupling between Nd3+ and free OH- ions, which is consistent with the phonon energy maximum (3442.1 cm-1) recorded by Raman spectroscopy. This strong electron-phonon coupling favors high effective bandwidth and gain bandwidth values of the laser emission (4F3/2 → 4I11/2) of Nd3+ ions. The electric-dipole oscillator strengths of all the Nd3+ absorption transitions, and in particular that of the hypersensitive transition (4I9/2 → 4G5/2), are enhanced by this great structural distortion of the host. Broadband laser amplification of the 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 emission (1062 nm) of Nd3+ ions in the BBONd glass pumped at 805 nm (4I9/2 → 4F5/2 + 2H9/2) is evaluated through the main fluorescent parameters in competition with non-radiative processes. In general, the BBONd glass exhibits spectroscopic parameters comparable with those reported in the literature for broadband laser amplification into the IR region.

Effect of pore structure on the removal of clofibric acid by magnetic anion exchange resin.

PubMed

Tan, Liang; Shuang, Chendong; Wang, Yunshu; Wang, Jun; Su, Yihong; Li, Aimin

2018-01-01

The effect of pore structure of resin on clofibric acid (CA) adsorption behavior was investigated by using magnetic anion exchange resins (ND-1, ND-2, ND-3) with increasing pore diameter by 11.68, 15.37, 24.94 nm. Resin with larger pores showed faster adsorption rates and a higher adsorption capacity because the more opened tunnels provided by larger pores benefit the CA diffusion into the resin matrix. The ion exchange by the electrostatic interactions between Cl-type resin and CA resulted in chloride releasing to the solution, and the ratio of released chloride to CA adsorption amount decreased from 0.90 to 0.65 for ND-1, ND-2 and ND-3, indicating that non-electrostatic interactions obtain a larger proportional part of the adsorption into the pores. Co-existing inorganic anions and organic acids reduced the CA adsorption amounts by the competition effect of electrostatic interaction, whereas resins with more opened pore structures weakened the negative influence on CA adsorption because of the existence of non-electrostatic interactions. 85.2% and 65.1% adsorption amounts decrease are calculated for resin ND-1 and ND-3 by the negative influence of 1 mmol L -1 NaCl. This weaken effect of organic acid is generally depends on its hydrophobicity (Log Kow) for carboxylic acid and its ionization degree (pKb) for sulfonic acid. The resins could be reused with the slightly decreases by 1.9%, 3.2% and 5.4% after 7 cycles of regeneration, respectively for ND-1, ND-2 and ND-3, suggesting the ion exchange resin with larger pores are against its reuse by the brine solution regeneration. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The suitability of biotypes Q and B of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different nymphal instars as hosts for Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).

PubMed

Liu, Xin; Zhang, Youjun; Xie, Wen; Wu, Qingjun; Wang, Shaoli

2016-01-01

Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid that is commercially reared and released for augmentative biological control of whiteflies infesting greenhouse crops. In most areas in China, the invasive and destructive whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype Q has replaced B. tabaci biotype B and has become dominant between the two. A better understanding of the suitability of different nymphal instars of B. tabaci biotypes Q and B as hosts for E. formosa is needed to improve the use of this parasitoid for biological control. Parasitism of the four nymphal instars of B. tabaci biotypes Q and B by the commercial strain of E. formosa mass reared on Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was assessed in the laboratory. The results indicated that E. formosa parasitized and successfully developed on all instars of both biotypes but performed best on the 3rd instar of B. tabaci biotype B and on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars of B. tabaci biotype Q. The host-feeding rate of the adult parasitoid was generally higher on nymphal instars of B. tabaci biotype Q than on the corresponding nymphal instars of biotype B and was significantly higher on the 2nd and 3rd instars. For both whitefly biotypes, the parasitoid's immature developmental period was the longest on the 1st instar, intermediate on the 2nd and 3rd instars, and the shortest on the 4th instar. The parasitoid emergence rate was significantly lower on the 1st instar than on the other three instars and did not significantly differ between B. tabaci biotype B and biotype Q. Offspring longevity was greater on the 3rd and 4th instars than on the 1st instar and did not significantly differ between the two B. tabaci biotypes. The results indicate that commercially-produced E. formosa can parasitize all instars of B. tabaci biotypes B and Q, making this parasitoid a promising tool for the management of the two biotypes of B. tabaci present in China.

Assessment of specific characteristics of abnormal general movements: does it enhance the prediction of cerebral palsy?

PubMed

Hamer, Elisa G; Bos, Arend F; Hadders-Algra, Mijna

2011-08-01

Abnormal general movements at around 3 months corrected age indicate a high risk of cerebral palsy (CP). We aimed to determine whether specific movement characteristics can improve the predictive power of definitely abnormal general movements. Video recordings of 46 infants with definitely abnormal general movements at 9 to 13 weeks corrected age (20 males; 26 females; median gestational age 30wks; median birthweight 1200g) were analysed for the following characteristics: presence of fidgety, cramped synchronized, stiff, or jerky movements and asymmetrical tonic neck reflex pattern. Neurological condition (presence or absence of CP), gross motor development (Alberta Infant Motor Scales), quality of motor behaviour (Infant Motor Profile), functional mobility (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory), and Mental Developmental Index (Bayley Scales) were assessed at 18 months corrected age. Infants were excluded from participating in the study if they had severe congenital anomalies or if their caregivers had an insufficient knowledge of the Dutch language. Of the 46 assessed infants, 10 developed spastic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to V; eight bilateral spastic CP, two unilateral spastic CP). The absence of fidgety movements and the presence of predominantly stiff movements were associated with CP (Fisher's exact test, p=0.018 and p=0.007 respectively) and lower Infant Motor Profile scores (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.015 and p=0.022 respectively); stiff and predominantly stiff movements were associated with lower Alberta Infant Motor Scales scores (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.01 and p=0.004 respectively). Cramped synchronized movements and the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex pattern were not related to outcome. None of the movement characteristics were associated with Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory scores or the Mental Developmental Index. The assessment of fidgety movements and movement stiffness may improve the predictive power of definitely abnormal general movements for developmental outcome. However, the presence of fidgety movements does not preclude the development of CP. © The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology © 2011 Mac Keith Press.

Controlled synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence property of olive-like tetragonal α-Nd{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Youjin, E-mail: zyj@ustc.edu.cn; Zheng, Ao; Yang, Xiaozhi

2012-09-15

Highlights: ► The olive-like tetragonal α-Nd{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} was gained with EDTA assisted hydrothermal method. ► The product was characterized by XRD, XPS, FTIR, FESEM, and PL. ► The possible formation mechanism for olive-like α-Nd{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} was proposed. ► The PL in visible region of the olive-like α-Nd{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} was studied. -- Abstract: The olive-like tetragonal α-Nd{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} was obtained by a convenient and facile complex agent assisted hydrothermal method. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) andmore » photoluminescence (PL). The possible formation mechanism of the olive-like α-Nd{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} was proposed. The photoluminescence property in visible region of the olive-like tetragonal α-Nd{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} was studied.« less

Reliability and validity of the McDonald Play Inventory.

PubMed

McDonald, Ann E; Vigen, Cheryl

2012-01-01

This study examined the ability of a two-part self-report instrument, the McDonald Play Inventory, to reliably and validly measure the play activities and play styles of 7- to 11-yr-old children and to discriminate between the play of neurotypical children and children with known learning and developmental disabilities. A total of 124 children ages 7-11 recruited from a sample of convenience and a subsample of 17 parents participated in this study. Reliability estimates yielded moderate correlations for internal consistency, total test intercorrelations, and test-retest reliability. Validity estimates were established for content and construct validity. The results suggest that a self-report instrument yields reliable and valid measures of a child's perceived play performance and discriminates between the play of children with and without disabilities. Copyright © 2012 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.

Multipass pumped Nd-based thin-disk lasers: continuous-wave laser operation at 1.06 and 0.9 {mu}m with intracavity frequency doubling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pavel, Nicolaie; Luenstedt, Kai; Petermann, Klaus

2007-12-01

The laser performances of the 1.06 {mu}m 4F3/2 --> 4I11/2 four-level transition and of the 0.9 {mu}m 4F3/2 --> I9/24 quasi-three-level transition were investigated using multipass pumped Nd-based media in thin-disk geometry. When pumping at 0.81 {mu}m into the 4F5/2 level, continuous-wave laser operation was obtained with powers in excess of 10 W at 1.06 {mu}m, in the multiwatt region at 0.91 {mu}m in Nd:YVO4 and Nd:GdVO4, and at 0.95 {mu}m in Nd:YAG. Intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 thin-disk lasers with output powers of 6.4 W at 532 nm and of 1.6 W at 457 nm were realized at this pumping wavelength.more » The pumping at 0.88 {mu}m, which is directed into the 4F3/2 emitting level, was also employed, and Nd:YVO4 and Nd:GdVO4 thin-disk lasers with {approx}9 W output power at 1.06 {mu}m and visible laser radiation at 0.53 {mu}m with output power in excess of 4 W were realized. Frequency-doubled Nd:vanadate thin-disk lasers with deep blue emission at 0.46 {mu}m were obtained under pumping directly into the 4F3/2 emitting level.« less

Effects of energy transfer on quantum efficiency of YAG:Nd

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lupei, V.; Lupei, A.; Georgescu, S.; Yen, W. M.

1989-10-01

Using the energy transfer parameters deduced from the study on nonexponential luminescence decay of the 4F3/2 level of Nd(3+) in YAG at room temperature, it is shown that up to 1.5 at. pct Nd, the relative quantum efficiency is reduced by an amount of 18.2C, C being the relative Nd concentration. It is pointed out that about 20 percent of this reduction is due to a very effective quenching mechanism inside the nearest-neighbor Nd-ion pairs.

Effects of Cr-N-ZrO 2 seed layer formed on glass substrates for longitudinal recording media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, Hiroyuki; Djayaprawira, David D.; Takahashi, Yoshio; Ishikawa, Akira; Ono, Toshinori; Yahisa, Yotsuo

1999-03-01

Effects of Cr-N-ZrO 2 seed layer deposited on glass substrates before the deposition of C/Co-Cr-Pt/Cr-Ti layers for longitudinal recording media have been investigated. The product of v and Is, the activation volume and the saturation magnetization per unit volume, media noise Nd and S0/ Nd, which is the half value of peak-to-peak output voltage of an isolated pulse over Nd at 11.8 kFC/mm, are evaluated. We find that vIs is decreased by adding N and ZrO 2 to Cr seed layer. Nd is reduced as vIs decreases by adding nitrogen to the Cr seed layer. This is mainly due to the decreased grain sizes of both Cr-Ti underlayer and Co-Cr-Pt magnetic layer. The Nd is further reduced by the addition of ZrO 2 to the Cr-N seed layer. Highest S0/ Nd is achieved for the media with Cr-N-ZrO 2 seed layer. On the other hand, the media with Cr-ZrO 2 seed layer deposited without nitrogen show the higher Nd. Therefore the decrease of the grain size by addition of nitrogen into Ar is essential to reduce Nd, and the ZrO 2 addition to the Cr-N seed layer seems to enhance the effect of grain size reduction by nitrogen addition.

Magnetic structure of the ferromagnetic new ternary silicide Nd5CoSi2.

PubMed

Mayer, C; Gaudin, E; Gorsse, S; Porcher, F; André, G; Chevalier, B

2012-04-04

Nd(5)CoSi(2) was obtained from the elements by arc-melting followed by annealing at 883 K. Its investigation by single-crystal x-ray and neutron powder diffraction shows that this ternary silicide crystallizes as Nd(5)Si(3) in a tetragonal structure deriving from the Cr(5)B(3)-type (I4/mcm space group; a = 7.7472(2) and c = 13.5981(5) Å as unit cell parameters). The structural refinements confirm the mixed occupancy on the 8h site between Si and Co atoms, as already observed for Gd(5)CoSi(2). Magnetization and specific heat measurements reveal a ferromagnetic behavior below T(C) = 55 K for Nd(5)CoSi(2). This magnetic ordering is further evidenced by neutron powder diffraction investigation revealing between 1.8 K and T(C) a canted ferromagnetic structure in the direction of the c-axis described by a propagation vector k = (0 0 0). At 1.8 K, the two Nd(3+) ions carry ordered magnetic moments equal respectively to 1.67(7) and 2.37(7) μ(B) for Nd1 and Nd2; these two moments exhibit a canting angle of θ = 4.3(6)°. This magnetic structure presents some similarities with that reported for Nd(5)Si(3). © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd

Anomalous magnetoelastic behaviour near morphotropic phase boundary in ferromagnetic Tb{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}Co{sub 2} system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Murtaza, Adil; Yang, Sen, E-mail: yang.sen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; Zhou, Chao

2016-08-01

In this work, we report a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) involved ferromagnetic system Tb{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}Co{sub 2} and reveal the corresponding structural and magnetoelastic properties of this system. With high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffractometry, the crystal structure of the TbCo{sub 2}-rich side is detected to be rhombohedral and that of NdCo{sub 2}-rich side is tetragonal below their respective Curie temperatures T{sub C}. The MPB composition Tb{sub 0.35}Nd{sub 0.65}Co{sub 2} corresponds to the coexistence of the rhombohedral phase (R-phase) and tetragonal phase (T-phase). Contrary to previously reported MPB involved ferromagnetic systems, the MPB composition of Tb{sub 0.35}Nd{sub 0.65}Co{sub 2} shows minimummore » magnetization which can be understood as compensation of sublattice moments between the R-phase and the T-phase. Furthermore, magnetostriction of Tb{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}Co{sub 2} decreases with increasing Nd concentration until x = 0.8 and then increases in the negative direction with further increasing Nd concentration; the optimum point for magnetoelastic properties lies towards the rhombohedral phase. Our work not only shows an anomalous type of ferromagnetic MPB but also provides an effective way to design functional materials.« less

Magnetic structure of the mixed antiferromagnet NdMn0.8Fe0.2O3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mihalik, Matúš; Mihalik, Marián; Hoser, Andreas; Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Kriegner, Dominik; Legut, Dominik; Lebecki, Kristof M.; Vavra, Martin; Fitta, Magdalena; Meisel, Mark W.

2017-10-01

The magnetic structure of the mixed antiferromagnet NdMn0.8Fe0.2O3 was resolved. Neutron powder diffraction data definitively resolve the Mn sublattice with a magnetic propagation vector k =(000 ) and with the magnetic structure (Ax,Fy,Gz ) for 1.6 K

Recursive Partitioning Analysis for New Classification of Patients With Esophageal Cancer Treated by Chemoradiotherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nomura, Motoo, E-mail: excell@hkg.odn.ne.jp; Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya; Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya

2012-11-01

Background: The 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system does not include lymph node size in the guidelines for staging patients with esophageal cancer. The objectives of this study were to determine the prognostic impact of the maximum metastatic lymph node diameter (ND) on survival and to develop and validate a new staging system for patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer who were treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods: Information on 402 patients with esophageal cancer undergoing CRT at two institutions was reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses of data from one institution were used to assessmore » the impact of clinical factors on survival, and recursive partitioning analysis was performed to develop the new staging classification. To assess its clinical utility, the new classification was validated using data from the second institution. Results: By multivariate analysis, gender, T, N, and ND stages were independently and significantly associated with survival (p < 0.05). The resulting new staging classification was based on the T and ND. The four new stages led to good separation of survival curves in both the developmental and validation datasets (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed that lymph node size is a strong independent prognostic factor and that the new staging system, which incorporated lymph node size, provided good prognostic power, and discriminated effectively for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing CRT.« less

Mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme assay and DNA analysis in peripheral blood leukocytes for the etiological study of Chinese children with Leigh syndrome due to complex I deficiency.

PubMed

Ma, Yan Yan; Wu, Tong Fei; Liu, Yu Peng; Wang, Qiao; Li, Xi Yuan; Zhang, Yao; Song, Jin Qing; Wang, Yu Jie; Yang, Yan Ling

2013-02-01

Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I enzyme deficiency is the most commonly seen mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder. Although screening and diagnostic methods are available overseas, clinically feasible diagnostic methods have not yet been established in China. In this study, four Chinese boys with Leigh syndrome due to complex I deficiency were diagnosed by mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme assay and DNA analysis using peripheral blood leukocytes. Four patients were admitted at the age of 5-14 years because of unexplained progressive neuromuscular symptoms, including motor developmental delay or regression, weakness, and seizures. Their cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed typical finding as Leigh syndrome. Peripheral leukocyte mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activities were found decreased to 9.6-33.1 nmol/min/mg mitochondrial protein(control 44.0 ± 5.4 nmol/min/mg). The ratios of complex I to citrate synthase activity were also decreased (8.9-19.8% in patients vs. control 48 ± 11%). Three mtDNA mutations were identified from three out of four patients, supporting the diagnosis of complex I deficiency. Point mutations m.10191T>C in mitochondrial ND3 gene, m.13513G>A in ND5 gene and m.14,453G>A in ND6 gene were detected in three patients.

Identification of urban gas leaks and evaluation of methane emission inventories using mobile measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zazzeri, Giulia; Lowry, Dave; Fisher, Rebecca E.; France, James L.; Butler, Dominique; Lanoisellé, Mathias; Nisbet, Euan G.

2017-04-01

Leakages from the natural gas distribution network, power plants and refineries account for the 10% of national methane emissions in the UK (http://naei.defra.gov.uk/), and are identified as a major source of methane in big conurbations (e.g. Townsend-Small et al., 2012; Phillips et al., 2013). The National Atmospheric Emission Inventories (NAEI) website provides a list of gas installations, but emissions from gas leakage, which in the inventories are estimated on the basis of the population distribution, are difficult to predict, which makes their estimation highly uncertain. Surveys with a mobile measurement system (Zazzeri et al., 2015) were carried out in the London region for detection of fugitive natural gas and in other sites in the UK (i.e. Bacton, Southampton, North Yorkshire) to identify emissions from various gas installations. The methane isotopic analysis of air samples collected during the surveys, using the methodology in Zazzeri et al. (2015), allows the calculation of the δ13C signature characterising natural gas in the UK. The isotopic value of the natural gas supply to SE London has changed a little in recent years, being close to -34 ‰ over 1998-99 period (Lowry et al., 2001) and close to -36 ‰ since at least 2002. Emissions from gas installations, such as pumping stations in NE England (-41 ± 2 ‰ ) were detected, but some of them were not listed in the inventories. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the gas leaks identified during the surveys in the London region does not coincide with the distribution suggested by the inventories. By locating both small gas leaks and emissions from large gas installations, we can verify how these methane sources are targeted by national emission inventories. Lowry, D., Holmes, C.W., Rata, N.D., O'Brien, P., and Nisbet, E.G., 2001, London methane emissions: Use of diurnal changes in concentration and δ13C to identify urban sources and verify inventories: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, v. 106, p. 7427-7448 Phillips, N. G., Ackley, R., Crosson, E. R., Down, A., Hutyra, L. R., Brondfield, M., Karr, J. D., Zhao, K., and Jackson, R. B., 2013, Mapping urban pipeline leaks: Methane leaks across Boston: Environmental Pollution, v. 173, p. 1-4 Townsend-Small, A., Tyler, S. C., Pataki, D. E., Xu, X., and Christensen, L. E., 2012, Isotopic measurements of atmospheric methane in Los Angeles, California, USA: Influence of "fugitive" fossil fuel emissions: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, v. 117, no. D7 Zazzeri, G., Lowry, D., Fisher, R., France, J., Lanoisellé, M., and Nisbet, E., 2015, Plume mapping and isotopic characterisation of anthropogenic methane sources: Atmospheric Environment, v. 110, p. 151-162

Evaluation of a teen parent program designed to reduce child abuse and neglect and to strengthen families.

PubMed

Marshall, E; Buckner, E; Powell, K

1991-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a teen parent program designed to increase parents' self-esteem, improve parenting skills, and increase parental knowledge about child development. Subjects (n = 30) in the program were referred from public health services. Control subjects (n = 30) were served by a local health department. Subjects were tested before and on completion of the program (or 6-9 months later for controls) using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI), the Inventory of Parents' Experiences (IPE), and the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). Findings included (a) intervention subjects scored lower than control subjects on the pretesting in self-esteem (p less than 0.05), parental role satisfaction (p less than 0.05), and community support (p less than 0.0001); (b) control subjects scored lower on satisfaction with intimate relationships (p less than 0.0001); (c) at post-test, there were no statistically significant differences, and intervention subjects recorded self-esteem scores had increased to control levels; and (d) no developmental delays were detected in newborns at either pre- or post-testing. Implications of this study include (a) data support effectiveness of the program in enhancing self-esteem, maintaining satisfaction in parental role, and increasing community support for teen parents; and (b) evaluation of teen parent programs' effects should be done every 3-6 months to reduce subject attrition.

Nd3+-doped heavy metal oxide based multicomponent borate glasses for 1.06 μm solid-state NIR laser and O-band optical amplification applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lakshminarayana, G.; Kaky, Kawa M.; Baki, S. O.; Lira, A.; Meza-Rocha, A. N.; Falcony, C.; Caldiño, U.; Kityk, I. V.; Méndez-Blas, A.; Abas, A. F.; Alresheedi, M. T.; Mahdi, M. A.

2018-04-01

Nd3+-doped glasses in the composition (50-x) B2O3-10 PbO-10 BaO-10 Al2O3-10 ZnO-10 Na2O-(x) Nd2O3 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mol %) were fabricated using melt quenching method. Upon 592 nm visible and 808 nm LD excitations, the luminescence spectra show a strong 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 (1.06 μm) emission transition, and two less intense 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 (0.89 μm) and 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 (1.331 μm) emission transitions. The intensity of such emissions increases up to 0.5 mol % Nd3+, and above this doping level, quenching occurs. For 0.5 mol % Nd3+-doped glass, following Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and emission spectrum, AR, τR, βR and βexp, including Δλeff,σem(λp), (σem × (Δλeff)) and (σem × (τrad)), are derived for Nd3+ ion 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 and 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 fluorescence transitions. The highest σem(λp) for the 1.06 and 1.331 μm fluorescence bands are found to be 6.216 × 10-20 and 2.295 × 10-20cm2, respectively. The 4F3/2 level lifetimes are found to decrease with an increase in Nd2O3 content and the decay curves of the glass up to 1.5 mol % Nd3+ exhibit single exponential nature. From 'τexp' of the Nd3+: 4F3/2 level, quantum efficiency (η), (σem × (τexp)), and saturation intensity (IS) are 48.87%, 51.09 × 10-25 cm2s and 3.67 × 108 W/m2, respectively, for the 0.5 mol % Nd3+-doped glass. Higher thermal stability, very low χ, high AR, large βexp., moderate τR, large gain bandwidth and high optical gain values indicate that 0.5 mol % Nd3+-doped glass could be a potential gain medium for solid-state NIR lasers at 1.06 μm. Moreover, for the 1.331 μm emission, large Δλeff and the theoretical gain coefficient value of 1.579 dB/cm, evaluated with an excited Nd3+ ion fractional factor of 0.6, indicate that this glass might be a promising candidate in developing O-band optical fiber amplifiers.

Highly efficient passive mode locking of Nd:Lu2.9Gd0.1Al5O12 garnet crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di, J. Q.; Xu, X. D.; Xia, C. T.; Tan, W. D.; Zhang, J.; Tang, D. Y.; Li, D. Z.; Zhou, D. H.; Wu, F.; Xu, J.

2013-05-01

Passive mode locking of Nd:Lu2.9Gd0.1Al5O12 (Nd:LuGdAG) crystal lasers was experimentally investigated. Stable mode-locked pulses with pulse widths as short as 9.7 ps were obtained for the Nd:LuGdAG crystal; the corresponding maximum output powers were 0.93 W while the mode-locked slope efficiencies were 43%, among the highest efficiencies ever reported for Nd3+ ps lasers. The results demonstrate that Nd:LuGdAG garnet crystal is a promising gain medium for efficient picosecond laser use.

Squamous cell carcinoma of cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site: The impact of neck dissection.

PubMed

Lou, Jianlin; Wang, Shengye; Wang, Kejing; Chen, Chao; Zhao, Jianqiang; Guo, Liang

2015-10-01

To investigate the treatment strategies of squamous cell carcinoma of cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site (SCCUP) and the value of neck dissection (ND). The study included 133 patients referred to the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from 2001 to 2012, with 109 males and 24 females. Distribution of patients by N status was as follows: N1 - 14 cases; N2a - 21 cases; N2b - 78 cases; N2c - 7 cases; and N3 - 13 cases. 104 patients underwent surgeries of ND while 29 patients underwent nonsurgical treatment. Among 104 patients, 24 underwent classic radical ND, 16 modified ND, 53 selective ND, and 11 extended ND. The selection of surgical strategy was determined by the extent and location of disease. According to the range of ND, 50 patients underwent ND for Levels I-V, 46 for Levels II-V, 4 for Levels I-III, 3 for Levels II-VI, and 1 for Levels I-VI. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 16.0. The differences between groups were calculated by χ2 tests. The actual overall survival (OS) rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Different factors affecting the OS were determined by the log-rank test on univariate analysis. Cox regression was used to evaluate the multivariate analysis. The 5-year OS rate of the whole cohort was 67.1%; and the median survival time was 70.0 months. The 5-year OS of ND group and of the non-ND group were 71.3% and 53.2%, respectively (P = 0.061). Cox analysis indicated that N stage (P = 0.000), bilateral neck metastasis (P = 0.001), extracapsular spread (ES) (P = 0.016), and ND (P = 0.028) were independent prognostic factors for the OS of SCCUP. 25 patients (18.8%) had neck recurrence or residue. The locoregional failure rate of ND group and of the non-ND group were 13.5% and 37.9%, respectively (P = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis indicated that higher N stage was the main risk factor for locoregional failure (P = 0.015). N stage, bilateral neck metastasis, ES, and ND were the main factors for the survival rate of SCCUP. N3 stage was the independent risk factor for locoregional failure. ND could significantly increase the locoregional control and may benefit the survival rate.

A Channelized 2nd IF/LO Downconverter for the E0S Microwave Limb Sounder

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

LaBelle, Remi C.

2003-01-01

The Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) is scheduled for launch in 2004 on the EOS Aura spacecraft. The design, assembly and test of the flight 2nd Intermediate Frequency/ Local Oscillator (2nd IF/LO) subsystem for this instrument has been completed and is presented here. The 2nd IF/LO subsystem consists of 5 separate microwave assemblies, 1 for each of the 5 millimeter wave radiometer front ends, providing a total of 33 separate IF channels. Some key requirements of the subsystem are as follows: provide frequency multiplexing of overlapping or closely spaced 1st IF channels while maintaining low ripple in the passbands; generate 19 different 2nd LO frequencies, in the range of 4-20 GHz, with low phase noise and a placement resolution of 400 KHz; downconvert the 1st IF's to a common 2nd IF frequency centered at 900 MHz; minimize cost and schedule by using common designs for the 5 different assemblies wherever possible.

Comparison of magnetic and thermoelectric properties of (Nd,Ca)BaCo2O5.5 and (Nd,Ca)CoO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolesnik, S.; Dabrowski, B.; Chmaissem, O.; Wojciechowski, K.; Świerczek, K.

2012-04-01

Magnetic and thermoelectric properties of Nd1-xCaxBaCo2O5.5 and Nd1-xCaxCoO3 have been studied. Ca doping in Nd1-xCaxBaCo2O5.5 (x ≤ 0.2) preserves the metal to insulator transition (MIT) at 340-360 K. While the antiferromagnetic state disappears upon doping, the Curie temperature is increasing and becomes close to MIT for x > 0.12. The magnetic susceptibility of Nd1-xCaxCoO3 is paramagnetic for x up to 0.2, similar to the parent compound, with some indication of cluster-glass-like behavior at temperatures below 30 K. The increasing effective paramagnetic moments with doping suggest a low spin state of Co3+ and a high spin state of Co4+. Maximum observed ZT reaches a value close to 0.2 for x = 0.15 at 800 K, which is one of the highest values for perovskite cobaltites.

Floating gate memory with charge storage dots array formed by Dps protein modified with site-specific binding peptides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamitake, Hiroki; Uenuma, Mutsunori; Okamoto, Naofumi; Horita, Masahiro; Ishikawa, Yasuaki; Yamashita, Ichro; Uraoka, Yukiharu

2015-05-01

We report a nanodot (ND) floating gate memory (NFGM) with a high-density ND array formed by a biological nano process. We utilized two kinds of cage-shaped proteins displaying SiO2 binding peptide (minTBP-1) on their outer surfaces: ferritin and Dps, which accommodate cobalt oxide NDs in their cavities. The diameters of the cobalt NDs were regulated by the cavity sizes of the proteins. Because minTBP-1 is strongly adsorbed on the SiO2 surface, high-density cobalt oxide ND arrays were obtained by a simple spin coating process. The densities of cobalt oxide ND arrays based on ferritin and Dps were 6.8 × 1011 dots cm-2 and 1.2 × 1012 dots cm-2, respectively. After selective protein elimination and embedding in a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor, the charge capacities of both ND arrays were evaluated by measuring their C-V characteristics. The MOS capacitor embedded with the Dps ND array showed a wider memory window than the device embedded with the ferritin ND array. Finally, we fabricated an NFGM with a high-density ND array based on Dps, and confirmed its competent writing/erasing characteristics and long retention time.

Nd3+-doped TeO2-Bi2O3-ZnO transparent glass ceramics for laser application at 1.06 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Xiaolin; Luo, Zhiwei; Liu, Taoyong; Lu, Anxian

2017-04-01

The high crystallinity transparent glass ceramics based on Nd3+-doped 70TeO2-15Bi2O3-15ZnO (TBZ) compositions were successfully prepared by two-step heat treatment process. The effects of Nd2O3 content on the thermal, structural, mechanical, and optical properties of TBZ glass ceramics were studied. The incorporation of Nd2O3 enhanced the crystallization tendency in the matrix glass composition. The crystal phase and morphology of Bi2Te4O11 in the glass ceramics were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Due to precipitate more crystal phase, the hardness values increased from 3.21 to 3.66 GPa. Eight absorption peaks were observed from 400 to 900 nm and three emission bands appeared in the range of 850-1400 nm. With the increasing of Nd2O3 content from 0.5 to 2.5 wt%, the intensity of absorption peaks enhanced and the emission intensity increased up to 1.0 wt% and then fell down for further dopant concentration. The fluorescence decay lifetime decreased rapidly starting from 1.5 wt% Nd2O3 content due to the obvious energy migration among Nd3+. According to the extreme strong emission band around 1062 nm and the optimum Nd2O3 content (1.0 wt%), N10 glass ceramic was considered as a potential material for 1.06 μm laser applications.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese green hydra, Hydra sinensis (Hydroida: Hydridae).

PubMed

Pan, Hong-Chun; Qian, Xiao-Cheng; Li, Ping; Li, Xiao-Fei; Wang, An-Tai

2014-02-01

The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese green hydra, Hydra sinensis (Hydroida: Hydridae) is a linear molecule of 16,189 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, small and large subunit ribosomal RNAs, methionine and tryptophan transfer RNAs, a pseudogene consisting of a partial copy of COI and terminal sequences at two ends of the linear mitochondrial DNA. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 77.2% (T: 41.7%; C: 10.9%; A: 35.5%; and G: 11.9%). COI and ND1 genes begin with GTG as start codon, while other 11 protein-coding genes start with a typical ATG initiation codon. COII, ATP8, ATP6, COIII, ND5, ND6, ND3, ND1, ND4 and COI genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, ND4L ends with TAG, ND2 ends with TA and Cyt b ends with T.

Luminescence mechanism and energy transfer in doubly-doped BaY2F8:Tm,Nd VUV scintillator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pejchal, J.; Nikl, M.; Moretti, F.; Vedda, A.; Fukuda, K.; Kawaguchi, N.; Yanagida, T.; Yokota, Y.; Yoshikawa, A.

2010-11-01

Doubly-doped BaY2F8:Tm,Nd scintillation crystals were grown by modified micro-pulling-down method. Nd co-doping was chosen to enhance the energy transfer from the host lattice to the Nd3+ luminescence center via the 5d-levels of Tm3+, due to the overlap of Tm3+ 5d-4f emission spectrum with the Nd3+ 4f-5d absorption. The energy transfer was clearly evidenced in the BaY2F8:Tm,Nd. This process is not complicated by an energy migration to killer centers and/or cross-relaxation. The radioluminescence process is complicated by an energy transfer from the host lattice exciton states to the lower f-levels of Tm3+ ion.

Socioeconomic status, anthropometric status, and psychomotor development of Kenyan children from resource-limited settings: A path-analytic study

PubMed Central

Abubakar, Amina; de Vijver, Fons Van; Baar, Anneloes Van; Mbonani, Leonard; Kalu, Raphael; Newton, Charles; Holding, Penny

2014-01-01

Background Sub-optimal physical growth has been suggested as a key pathway between the effect of environmental risk and developmental outcome. Aim To determine if anthropometric status mediates the relation between socioeconomic status and psychomotor development of young children in resource-limited settings. Study design A cross-sectional study design was used. Subjects A total of 204 (105 girls) children from two resource-limited communities in the Coast Province, Kenya. The mean age of these children was 29 months (SD=3.43; range: 24–35 months). Outcome measure Psychomotor functioning was assessed using a locally developed and validated measure, the Kilifi Developmental Inventory. Results A significant association was found between anthropometric status (as measured by weight-for-age, height-for-age, mid-upper arm circumference, and head circumference) and psychomotor functioning and also between socioeconomic status and anthropometric status; no direct effects were found between socioeconomic status and developmental outcome. The models showed that weight, height and to a lesser extent mid-upper arm circumference mediate the relation between socioeconomic status and developmental outcome, while head circumference did not show the same effect. Conclusion Among children under 3 years living in poverty, anthropometric status shows a clear association with psychomotor development while socioeconomic status may only have an indirect association. PMID:18499363

Repetitive and stereotyped movements in children with autism spectrum disorders late in the second year of life.

PubMed

Morgan, Lindee; Wetherby, Amy M; Barber, Angie

2008-08-01

The purpose of this study was to examine group differences and relationships with later developmental level and autism symptoms using a new clinical tool developed to measure repetitive and stereotyped movements (RSM) in young children. Videotaped behavior samples using the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS; Wetherby & Prizant, 2002) were coded for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; n = 50), developmental delays without ASD (DD; n = 25), and typical development (TD; n = 50) between 18 and 24 months of age. Children with ASD demonstrated significantly higher rate and larger inventory of RSM with objects and body during a systematic behavior sample than both the DD and TD groups. Measures of RSM were related to concurrent measures of social communication and predicted developmental outcomes and autism symptoms in the fourth year for the ASD group. None of the correlations between RSM and autism symptoms remained significant when controlling for CSBS Symbolic level. RSM with objects predicted unique variance in the severity of autism symptoms in the fourth year beyond that predicted by social communication measures alone. This study provides support for the diagnostic significance of RSM in children under 24 months of age and documents the utility of this RSM measurement tool as a companion to the CSBS.

The Impact of Early Classroom Inattention on Phonological Processing and Word-Reading Development.

PubMed

Dittman, Cassandra K

2016-08-01

The present study investigated the longitudinal relationships between inattention, phonological processing and word reading across the first 2 years of formal reading instruction. In all, 136 school entrants were administered measures of letter knowledge, phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid naming, and word reading at the start and end of their 1st year of school, and the end of their 2nd year, while teachers completed rating scales of inattention. School entry inattentiveness predicted unique variance in word reading at the end of first grade, after controlling for verbal ability, letter knowledge, and phonological processing. End-of-first-grade inattention predicted a small but significant amount of unique variance in second-grade word reading and word-reading efficiency. Inattention, however, was not a reliable predictor of phonological processing in either first or second grade. Early classroom inattentiveness influences learning to read independent of critical developmental precursors of word-reading development. © The Author(s) 2013.

[The impact of precursors on reading, spelling, and arithmetic at school 2nd grade].

PubMed

Daseking, M; Petermann, F

2011-10-01

The aim of this study was to determine the role of precursors in the prediction of school achievement. 372 children were followed from health examination for school entry to the second grade. Preschool skills assessed by a screening of developmental stage (SOPESS) were related to second-grade reading (ELFE 1-6), spelling (DERET 1-2+), and arithmetic (DEMAT 1+) by correlation and regression analyses. Correlations between numeracy and math abilities (r=0,340) met with our expectations as also did those between verbal abilities and spelling (r=0,276). The subtests of attention and counting (SOPESS) contribute significantly to an explanation of the variance in school achievement. Numeracy predicts math achievement, and verbal memory contributes to school achievement in math and spelling. Our findings support the contribution of visual selective attention, phonological memory, and verbal abilities to the development of reading, spelling, and math at primary school. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Parents for Italian School-Aged Children: Psychometric Properties and Norms.

PubMed

Tobia, Valentina; Marzocchi, Gian Marco

2018-02-01

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ; (1)] is a multi-informant instrument for screening developmental psychopathology. This study contributes to the validation of the Italian SDQ-Parent version (SDQ-P), analyzing its factorial structure, providing norms and investigating cross-informant agreement (parents-teachers). The SDQ-P and the SDQ-Teacher version (SDQ-T) were completed for 1917 primary and middle school students. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to compare two factorial structures: the original five-factor model and the structure obtained in a past Italian study (2). The original model showed the best fit. Significant differences by gender and school grade were found; norms were provided separately for males and females attending 1st-2nd, 3rd-5th and 6th-8th grades. Finally, the analysis of parent-teacher agreement showed correlations ranging from small (prosocial behavior) to large (hyperactivity-inattention). This study offers some reflections on the best way to use this instrument in a community sample.

The Impact Induced Demagnetization Mechanism in NdFeB Permanent Magnets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yan-Feng; Zhu, Ming-Gang; Li, Wei; Zhou, Dong; Lu, Feng; Chen, Lang; Wu, Jun-Ying; Qi, Yan; Du, An

2013-09-01

Compression of unmagnetized Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets is executed by using shock waves with different pressures in a one-stage light gas gun system. The microstructure, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of the magnets are examined with scanning electronic microscopy, x-ray diffraction, hysteresis loop instruments, and a vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. The NdFeB magnets display a demagnetization phenomenon after shock wave compression. The coercivity dropped from about 21.4 kOe to 3.2 kOe. The critical pressure of irreversible demagnetization of NdFeB magnets should be less than 4.92 GPa. The coercivity of the NdFeB magnets compressed by shock waves could be recovered after annealing at 900°C and 520°C for 2 h, sequentially. The chaotic orientation of Nd2Fe14B grains in the compressed magnets is the source of demagnetization.

Influences of neodymium doping on magnetic and electrochemical properties of Li3V2(PO4)3/C synthesized via a sol-gel method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Liying; Qiu, Yongbin; Mai, Yongzhi; Wu, Qibai; Zhang, Haiyan

2015-11-01

A series of neodymium doped Li3V2-xNdx(PO4)3/C cathode materials have been successfully synthesized by a citric acid assisted sol-gel method. Nd doped samples (x ≤ 0.10) have well developed monoclinic structure of Li3V2(PO4)3 with enlarged unit cell volume. All samples present typical characteristics of paramagnetism in 4 < T ≤ 300 K, but the magnetic susceptibilities of Nd doped samples increase with Nd content (except for x = 0.15). Nd doped composites show better electrochemical property than that of the undoped one. Among them, the Li3V1.95Nd0.05(PO4)3/C displays the highest capacity and best cycle stability. The Li3V1.95Nd0.05(PO4)3/C presents the first discharge capacity of 129.2 mAh g-1 at 1 C rate in the voltage range of 3.0-4.3 V, 21.7% higher than that of Li3V2(PO4)3/C. And no capacity loss occurs after 100 cycles. The high structural stability, low charge-transfer resistance and rapid Li+ diffusion due to the presence of Nd3+ are mainly responsible for the superior electrochemical performance of Nd doped Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials.

Behavior of endocrine disrupting chemicals in Johkasou improved septic tank in Japan.

PubMed

Nakagawa, S; Matsuo, H; Motoyama, M; Nomiyama, K; Shinohara, R

2009-09-01

The behavior of estrogens (estrone: E1, 17beta-estradiol: E2, estriol: E3 and ethinylestradiol: EE2) and an androgen (testosterone) in the water and sludge from Johkasou in Japan was investigated. The concentrations of E1, E2, E3 and testosterone in water samples from the Johkasou were 33-500, N.D. approximately 150, N.D. approximately 6,700 and 500 ng/L, respectively. In sludge samples, the concentrations of E1, E2, E3, and testostrerone were N.D. approximately 39, N.D. approximately 6.7, N.D. approximately 60 and 0.2-9.0 ng/L, respectively. EE2 was not detected in all samples. The removal rates of E1, E2, E3 and testosterone in Johkasou were 45%-91%, 66%-100%, 90%-100%, and about 90%, respectively.

Preparation and Characterization of Zirconia-Coated Nanodiamonds as a Pt Catalyst Support for Methanol Electro-Oxidation

PubMed Central

Lu, Jing; Zang, Jianbing; Wang, Yanhui; Xu, Yongchao; Xu, Xipeng

2016-01-01

Zirconia-coated nanodiamond (ZrO2/ND) electrode material was successfully prepared by one-step isothermal hydrolyzing from ND-dispersed ZrOCl2·8H2O aqueous solution. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that a highly conformal and uniform ZrO2 shell was deposited on NDs by this simple method. The coating obtained at 90 °C without further calcination was mainly composed of monoclinic nanocrystalline ZrO2 rather than common amorphous Zr(OH)4 clusters. The ZrO2/NDs and pristine ND powder were decorated with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles by electrodeposition from 5 mM chloroplatinic acid solution. The electrochemical studies indicate that Pt/ZrO2/ND catalysts have higher electrocatalytic activity and better stability for methanol oxidation than Pt/ND catalysts in acid. PMID:28335361

Genetic diversities of MT-ND1 and MT-ND2 genes are associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak.

PubMed

Shi, Yu; Hu, Yongsong; Wang, Jie; Elzo, Mauricio A; Yang, Xue; Lai, Songjia

2018-04-01

Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) inhabiting the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) where the average altitude is 4000 m, is specially adapted to live at these altitudes. Conversely, cattle (B. taurus) has been found to suffer from high-altitude hypertension or heart failure when exposed to these high altitudes. Two mitochondrial genes, MT-ND1 and MT-ND2, encode two subunits of NADH dehydrogenase play an essential role in the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We sequenced these two mitochondrial genes in two bovine groups (70 Tibetan yaks and 70 Xuanhan cattle) and downloaded 300 sequences of B. taurus (cattle), 93 sequences of B. grunniens (domestic yak), and 2 sequences of B. mutus (wild yak) from NCBI to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of adaptability to hypoxia at high altitudes in yaks compared to cattle. MT-ND1 SNP m.3907 C > T, present in all Tibetan yaks, was positively associated with high-altitude adaptation (p < .0006). Specially, mutation m.3638 A > G present in all cattle, resulting in the termination of transcription, was negatively associated with high-altitude adaptation (p < .0006). Additionally, MT-ND2 SNPs m.4351 G > A and m.5218 C > T also showed positive associations with high-altitude adaptation (p < .0004). MT-ND1 haplotypes H2, H3, H4, H6, and H7 showed positive associations but haplotype H20 had a negative association with high-altitude adaptation (p < .0008). Similarly, MT-ND2 haplotypes Ha1 Ha8, Ha10, and Ha11 were positively associated whereas haplotype Ha2 was negatively associated with adaptability to high-altitudes (p < .0008). Thus, MT-ND1 and MT-ND2 can be considered as candidate genes associated with adaptation to high-altitude environments.

Induced emission cross section of a possible laser line in Nd:Y2O3 ceramics at 1.095 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fukabori, Akihiro; Sekita, Masami; Ikegami, Takayasu; Iyi, Nobuo; Komatsu, Toshiki; Kawamura, Masayuki; Suzuki, Makoto

2007-02-01

In this study, we measured the change of the optical transmittance for calcination temperatures, in steps of 10°, at two different sintering temperatures. It was found that the optical transmittance is highly dependent on the calcination temperature. The highest optical transmittance obtained was 70% for the transparent Y2O3 (yttria) ceramics produced without the use of additives and high injection presure in this study, higher than the highest reported value of 65%. Optical absorption and emission spectra of Nd :Y2O3 obtained from a low temperature synthesis process were measured. The energy level structure of Nd3+ in the Y2O3 ceramics was determined for a 1mol% Nd concentration. The induced emission cross section was calculated to be in the range of 3.2×10-19-1.1×10-17cm2 for the 1mol% Nd-doped Y2O3 ceramics. Furthermore, a laser line possibly has been identified in this study, in the Nd :Y2O3 ceramic at 1.095μm.

Syntheses, crystal structures, and properties of six new lanthanide(III) transition metal tellurium(IV) oxyhalides with three types of structures.

PubMed

Shen, Yue-Ling; Mao, Jiang-Gao

2005-07-25

Solid-state reactions of lanthanide(III) oxide (and lanthanide(III) oxyhalide), transition metal halide (and transition metal oxide), and TeO(2) at high temperature lead to six new lanthanide transition metal tellurium(IV) oxyhalides with three different types of structures, namely, DyCuTe(2)O(6)Cl, ErCuTe(2)O(6)Cl, ErCuTe(2)O(6)Br, Sm(2)Mn(Te(5)O(13))Cl(2), Dy(2)Cu(Te(5)O(13))Br(2), and Nd(4)Cu(TeO(3))(5)Cl(3). Compounds DyCuTe(2)O(6)Cl, ErCuTe(2)O(6)Cl, and ErCuTe(2)O(6)Br are isostructural. The lanthanide(III) ion is eight-coordinated by eight oxygen atoms, and the copper(II) ion is five-coordinated by four oxygens and a halide anion in a distorted square pyramidal geometry. The interconnection of Ln(III) and Cu(II) ions by bridging tellurite anions results in a three-dimensional (3D) network with tunnels along the a-axis; the halide anion and the lone-pair electrons of the tellurium(IV) ions are oriented toward the cavities of the tunnels. Compounds Sm(2)Mn(Te(5)O(13))Cl(2) and Dy(2)Cu(Te(5)O(13))Br(2) are isostructural. The lanthanide(III) ions are eight-coordinated by eight oxygens, and the divalent transition metal ion is octahedrally coordinated by six oxygens. Two types of polymeric tellurium(IV) oxide anions are formed: Te(3)O(8)(4)(-) and Te(4)O(10)(4)(-). The interconnection of the lanthanide(III) and divalent transition metal ions by the above two types of polymeric tellurium(IV) oxide anions leads to a 3D network with long, narrow-shaped tunnels along the b-axis. The halide anions remain isolated and are located at the above tunnels. Nd(4)Cu(TeO(3))(5)Cl(3) features a different structure. All five of the Nd(III) ions are eight-coordinated (NdO(8) for Nd(1), Nd(2), Nd(4), and Nd(5) and NdO(7)Cl for Nd(3)), and the copper(I) ion is tetrahedrally coordinated by four chloride anions. The interconnection of Nd(III) ions by bridging tellurite anions resulted in a 3D network with large tunnels along the b-axis. The CuCl(4) tetrahedra are interconnected into a 1D two-unit repeating (zweier) chain via corner-sharing. These 1D copper(I) chloride chains are inserted into the tunnels of the neodymium(III) tellurite via Nd-Cl-Cu bridges. Luminescent studies show that ErCuTe(2)O(6)Cl and Nd(4)Cu(TeO(3))(5)Cl(3) exhibit strong luminescence in the near-IR region. Magnetic measurements indicate the antiferromagnetic interactions between magnetic centers in these compounds.

Toddlers' prosocial behavior: from instrumental to empathic to altruistic helping.

PubMed

Svetlova, Margarita; Nichols, Sara R; Brownell, Celia A

2010-01-01

The study explored how the meaning of prosocial behavior changes over toddlerhood. Sixty-five 18- and 30-month-olds could help an adult in 3 contexts: instrumental (action based), empathic (emotion based), and altruistic (costly). Children at both ages helped readily in instrumental tasks. For 18-month-olds, empathic helping was significantly more difficult than instrumental helping and required greater communication from the adult about her needs. Altruistic helping, which involved giving up an object of the child's own, was the most difficult for children at both ages. Findings suggest that over the 2nd year of life, prosocial behavior develops from relying on action understanding and explicit communications to understanding others' emotions from subtle cues. Developmental trajectories of social-cognitive and motivational components of early helping are discussed. © 2010 The Authors. Child Development © 2010 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

Comorbidity of Asperger's syndrome and Bipolar disorder

PubMed Central

2008-01-01

Background and objective Asperger's Syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder that is sometimes unrecognized, especially in the adult psychiatric setting. On the other hand, in patients with an AS diagnosis, comorbid psychiatric disorders may be unrecognized in the juvenile setting. The aim of the paper is to show and discuss some troublesome and complex problems of the management of patients with AS and comorbid Bipolar Disorder (BD). Methods The paper describes three patients affected by AS and bipolar spectrum disorders. Results and conclusion Mood stabilizers and 2nd generation antipsychotics were effective in the treatment of these AS patients with comorbid BD, while the use of antidepressants was associated with worsening of the mood disorder. It is of importance to recognize both the psychiatric diagnoses in order to arrange an exhaustive therapeutic program and to define specific and realistic goals of treatment. PMID:19014623

Structural and Magnetic Properties Evolution of Co-Nd Substituted M-type Hexagonal Strontium Ferrites Synthesized by Ball-Milling-Assisted Ceramic Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Wen; Wu, Wenwei; Zhou, Chong; Zhou, Shifang; Li, Miaoyu; Ning, Yu

2018-03-01

M-type hexagonal Sr1- x Co x Nd x Fe12- x O19 ( x = 0, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24) has been synthesized by ball milling, followed by calcination in air. The calcined products have been characterized by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometry. XRD and SEM analyses confirm the formation of M-type Sr hexaferrite with platelet-like morphology when Sr1- x Co x Nd x Fe12- x O19 ( x = 0, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24) precursors are calcined at 950°C in air for 2.5 h. Lattice parameters " a" and " c" values of Sr1- x Co x Nd x Fe12- x O19 reflect a very small variation after doping of Nd3+ and Co2+ ions. Average crystallite size of Sr1- x Co x Nd x Fe12- x O19 sample, calcined at 1150°C, decreased obviously after doping of Co2+ and Nd3+ ions. This is because the bond energy of Nd3+-O2- is much larger than that of Sr2+-O2-. Magnetic characterization indicates that all the samples exhibit good magnetic properties. Substitution of Sr2+ and Fe3+ ions by Nd3+ and Co2+ ions can improve the specific saturation magnetizations and remanence of Sr1- x Co x Nd x Fe12- x O19. Sr0.84Co0.16Nd0.16Fe11.84O19, calcined at 1050°C, has the highest specific saturation magnetization value (74.75 ± 0.60 emu/g), remanence (45.15 ± 0.32 emu/g), and magnetic moment (14.34 ± 0.11 μ B); SrFe12O19, calcined at 1150°C, has the highest coercivity value (4037.01 ± 42.39 Oe). These magnetic parameters make this material a promising candidate for applications such as high-density magnetic recording and microwave absorbing materials.

Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders in 12-Month-Old High-Risk Siblings by Parental Report

PubMed Central

Macari, Suzanne; Chen, Grace; Campbell, Daniel; Leventhal, John M.; Weitzman, Carol; Chawarska, Katarzyna

2014-01-01

This study examines whether parental report of social-communicative and repetitive behaviors at 12 months can be helpful in identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in younger siblings of children with ASD [high-risk (HR)-siblings]. Parents of HR-siblings and infants without a family history of ASD completed the First Year Inventory at 12 months. Developmental outcomes were based on 24- or 36-month assessments. HR-siblings later diagnosed with ASD showed greater impairments in social communication than those with other developmental outcomes based on parental and clinician ratings. Parental report of decline in play and communication and impaired vocal imitation correctly classified a majority of ASD cases with high specificity. These preliminary findings have important implications for the development of early screening instruments for ASD in HR-siblings. PMID:25149178

Unexpected combined effects of NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 237 Leu/Met polymorphism and green tea consumption on renal function in male Japanese health check-up examinees: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Kokaze, Akatsuki; Ishikawa, Mamoru; Matsunaga, Naomi; Karita, Kanae; Yoshida, Masao; Ohtsu, Tadahiro; Ochiai, Hirotaka; Shirasawa, Takako; Nanri, Hinako; Hoshino, Hiromi; Takashima, Yutaka

2013-11-20

NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 237 leucine/methionine (ND2-237 Leu/Met) polymorphism is associated with longevity in Japanese. A previous study has shown that ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism modulates the effects of green tea consumption on risk of hypertension. For men with ND2-237Leu, habitual green tea consumption may reduce the risk of hypertension. Moreover, there is a combined effect of ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism and alcohol consumption on risk of mildly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<90 ml/min/1.73 m2). Several beneficial effects of green tea on the kidney have been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate whether ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism modifies the effects of green tea consumption on risk of mildly decreased eGFR in male Japanese health check-up examinees. For ND2-237Leu genotypic men, after adjustment for confounding factors, green tea consumption may increase the risk of mildly decreased eGFR (P for trend = 0.016). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for mildly decreased eGFR was significantly higher in subjects with ND2-237Leu who consume ≥6 cups of green tea per day than those who consume ≤1 cup of green tea per day (adjusted OR = 5.647, 95% confidence interval: 1.528-20.88, P = 0.009). On the other hand, for ND2-237Met genotypic men, green tea consumption does not appear to determine the risk of mildly decreased eGFR. The present results suggest that ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism unexpectedly modifies the effects of green tea consumption on eGFR and the risk of mildly decreased eGFR in male Japanese subjects.

Unexpected combined effects of NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 237 Leu/Met polymorphism and green tea consumption on renal function in male Japanese health check-up examinees: a cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 237 leucine/methionine (ND2-237 Leu/Met) polymorphism is associated with longevity in Japanese. A previous study has shown that ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism modulates the effects of green tea consumption on risk of hypertension. For men with ND2-237Leu, habitual green tea consumption may reduce the risk of hypertension. Moreover, there is a combined effect of ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism and alcohol consumption on risk of mildly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<90 ml/min/1.73 m2). Several beneficial effects of green tea on the kidney have been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate whether ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism modifies the effects of green tea consumption on risk of mildly decreased eGFR in male Japanese health check-up examinees. Results For ND2-237Leu genotypic men, after adjustment for confounding factors, green tea consumption may increase the risk of mildly decreased eGFR (P for trend = 0.016). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for mildly decreased eGFR was significantly higher in subjects with ND2-237Leu who consume ≥6 cups of green tea per day than those who consume ≤1 cup of green tea per day (adjusted OR = 5.647, 95% confidence interval: 1.528-20.88, P = 0.009). On the other hand, for ND2-237Met genotypic men, green tea consumption does not appear to determine the risk of mildly decreased eGFR. Conclusion The present results suggest that ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism unexpectedly modifies the effects of green tea consumption on eGFR and the risk of mildly decreased eGFR in male Japanese subjects. PMID:24252463

Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seawater from the Western Pacific to the Southern Ocean (17.5°N to 69.2°S) and Their Inventories on the Antarctic Shelf.

PubMed

Cai, Minggang; Liu, Mengyang; Hong, Qingquan; Lin, Jing; Huang, Peng; Hong, Jiajun; Wang, Jun; Zhao, Wenlu; Chen, Meng; Cai, Minghong; Ye, Jun

2016-09-06

Semivolatile organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have the potential to reach pristine environments through long-range transport. To investigate the long-range transport of the PAHs and their fate in Antarctic seawater, dissolved PAHs in the surface waters from the western Pacific to the Southern Ocean (17.5°N to 69.2°S), as well as down to 3500 m PAH profiles in Prydz Bay and the adjacent Southern Ocean, were observed during the 27th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition in 2010. The concentrations of Σ9PAH in the surface seawater ranged from not detected (ND) to 21 ng L(-1), with a mean of 4.3 ng L(-1); and three-ring PAHs were the most abundant compounds. Samples close to the Australian mainland displayed the highest levels across the cruise. PAHs originated mainly from pyrogenic sources, such as grass, wood, and coal combustion. Vertical profiles of PAHs in Prydz Bay showed a maximum at a depth of 50 m and less variance with depth. In general, we inferred that the water masses as well as the phytoplankton were possible influencing factors on PAH surface-enrichment depth-depletion distribution. Inventory estimation highlighted the contribution of intermediate and deep seawater on storing PAHs in seawater from Prydz Bay, and suggested that climate change rarely shows the rapid release of the PAHs currently stored in the major reservoirs (intermediate and deep seawater).

Visible light driven mineralization of spiramycin over photostructured N-doped TiO2 on up conversion phosphors.

PubMed

Sacco, Olga; Vaiano, Vincenzo; Sannino, Diana; Ciambelli, Paolo

2017-04-01

A novel visible light-active photocatalyst formulation (NdT/OP) was obtained by supporting N-doped TiO 2 (NdT) particles on up-conversion luminescent organic phosphors (OP). The photocatalytic activity of such catalysts was evaluated for the mineralization process of spiramycin in aqueous solution. The effect of NdT loading in the range 15-60wt.% on bulk and surface characteristics of NdT/OP catalysts was investigated by several chemico-physical characterization techniques. The photocatalytic performance of NdT/OP catalysts in the removal of spyramicin from aqueous solution was assessed through photocatalytic tests under visible light irradiation. Total organic carbon (TOC) of aqueous solution, and CO and CO 2 gas concentrations evolved during the photodegradation were analyzed. A dramatic enhancement of photocatalytic activity of the photostructured visible active NdT/OP catalysts, compared to NdT catalyst, was observed. Only CO 2 was detected in gas-phase during visible light irradiation, proving that the photocatalytic process is effective in the mineralization of spiramycin, reaching very high values of TOC removal. The photocatalyst NdT/OP at 30wt.% of NdT loading showed the highest photocatalytic activity (58% of TOC removed after 180min irradiation against only 31% removal after 300min of irradiation of NdT). We attribute this enhanced activity to the high effectiveness in the utilization of visible light through improved light harvesting and exploiting. OP particles act as "photoactive support", able to be excited by the external visible light irradiation, and reissue luminescence of wavelength suitable to promote NdT photomineralization activity. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

78 FR 19647 - Initiation of Five-Year (“Sunset”) Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-02

... 731-TA-933....... India Polyethylene Dana Mermelstein Terephthalate (Pet) (202) 482-1391. Film (2nd...-1391. Film (2nd Review). A-583-837 731-TA-934....... Taiwan Polyethylene Dana Mermelstein Terephthalate (Pet) (202) 482-1391. Film (2nd Review). With respect to the orders on Light-Walled Rectangular Pipe...

Synthesis and Characterization of Nd(3+)-Doped CaF2 Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Yuan, Dan; Li, Weiwei; Mei, Bingchu; Song, Jinghong

2015-12-01

The Ca(1-x)F(2+x):Nd(x) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical direct precipitation method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Image analyzer, absorption spectrum and transmittance were taken to characterization the phases, morphologies, sizes, size distribution and optical properties of the samples. The results indicate that the Ca(1-x)F(2+x):Nd(x) samples can be rationally modified in size and morphology by altering the Nd3+ ions doping concentration. With increasing concentration of Nd3+ ions, the particle size decreased from 24 to 14 nm, the intensity of the diffraction peaks decreased, the Ca(1-x)F(2+x):Nd(x) particles aggregated ion of the formed clusters which should have an effect on both speed and orientation of the particles growth. The transmittance of ceramics with a thickness of 2 mm showed that the transmittance can reach 90% when the doping concentration was 5%, which should be profitable for LD pumping.

Magnetic structure of the mixed antiferromagnet NdMn 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mihalik, Matus; Mihalik, Marian; Hoser, Andreas

The magnetic structure of the mixed antiferromagnet NdMn 0.8Fe 0.2O 3 was resolved. Neutron powder diffraction data definitively resolve the Mn sublattice with a magnetic propagation vector k=(000) and with the magnetic structure (A x, F y, G z) for 1.6 K N(≈ 59 K). The Nd sublattice has a (0, f y, 0) contribution in the same temperature interval. The Mn sublattice undergoes a spin-reorientation transition at T 1 ≈ 13 K while the Nd magnetic moment abruptly increases at this temperature. Powder x-ray diffraction shows a strong magnetoelastic effect at T N but no additional structural phase transitionsmore » from 3 to 300 K. Density functional theory calculations confirm the magnetic structure of the undoped NdMnO 3 as part of our analysis. Taken together, these results show that the magnetic structure of the Mn sublattice in NdMn 0.8Fe 0.2O 3 is a combination of the Mn and Fe parent compounds, but the magnetic ordering of the Nd sublattice spans a broader temperature interval than in the case of NdMnO 3 and NdFeO 3. Lastly, this result is a consequence of the fact that the Nd ions do not order independently, but via polarization from the Mn/Fe sublattice.« less

Magnetic structure of the mixed antiferromagnet NdMn 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3

DOE PAGES

Mihalik, Matus; Mihalik, Marian; Hoser, Andreas; ...

2017-10-27

The magnetic structure of the mixed antiferromagnet NdMn 0.8Fe 0.2O 3 was resolved. Neutron powder diffraction data definitively resolve the Mn sublattice with a magnetic propagation vector k=(000) and with the magnetic structure (A x, F y, G z) for 1.6 K N(≈ 59 K). The Nd sublattice has a (0, f y, 0) contribution in the same temperature interval. The Mn sublattice undergoes a spin-reorientation transition at T 1 ≈ 13 K while the Nd magnetic moment abruptly increases at this temperature. Powder x-ray diffraction shows a strong magnetoelastic effect at T N but no additional structural phase transitionsmore » from 3 to 300 K. Density functional theory calculations confirm the magnetic structure of the undoped NdMnO 3 as part of our analysis. Taken together, these results show that the magnetic structure of the Mn sublattice in NdMn 0.8Fe 0.2O 3 is a combination of the Mn and Fe parent compounds, but the magnetic ordering of the Nd sublattice spans a broader temperature interval than in the case of NdMnO 3 and NdFeO 3. Lastly, this result is a consequence of the fact that the Nd ions do not order independently, but via polarization from the Mn/Fe sublattice.« less

Atomic-Resolution X-ray Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy Chemical Mapping of Substitutional Dy Atoms in a High-Coercivity Neodymium Magnet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Itakura, Masaru; Watanabe, Natsuki; Nishida, Minoru; Daio, Takeshi; Matsumura, Syo

2013-05-01

We have investigated local element distributions in a Dy-doped Nd2Fe14B hot-deformed magnet by atomic-column resolution chemical mapping using an X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer (XEDS) attached to an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (Cs-corrected STEM). The positions of the Nd and Dy atomic columns were visualized in the XEDS maps. The substitution of Dy was limited to a surface layer 2-3 unit cells thick in the Nd2Fe14B grains, and the Dy atoms preferentially occupied the 4f-Nd sites of Nd2Fe14B. These results provide further insights into the principal mechanism governing the coercivity enhancement due to Dy doping.

Tungsten Bronze Barium Neodymium Titanate (Ba(6-3n)Nd(8+2n)Ti(18)O(54)): An Intrinsic Nanostructured Material and Its Defect Distribution.

PubMed

Azough, Feridoon; Cernik, Robert Joseph; Schaffer, Bernhard; Kepaptsoglou, Demie; Ramasse, Quentin Mathieu; Bigatti, Marco; Ali, Amir; MacLaren, Ian; Barthel, Juri; Molinari, Marco; Baran, Jakub Dominik; Parker, Stephen Charles; Freer, Robert

2016-04-04

We investigated the structure of the tungsten bronze barium neodymium titanates Ba(6-3n)Nd(8+2n)Ti(18)O(54), which are exploited as microwave dielectric ceramics. They form a complex nanostructure, which resembles a nanofilm with stacking layers of ∼12 Å thickness. The synthesized samples of Ba(6-3n)Nd(8+2n)Ti(18)O(54) (n = 0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) are characterized by pentagonal and tetragonal columns, where the A cations are distributed in three symmetrically inequivalent sites. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy allowed for quantitative analysis of the site occupancy, which determines the defect distribution. This is corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Pentagonal columns are dominated by Ba, and tetragonal columns are dominated by Nd, although specific Nd sites exhibit significant concentrations of Ba. The data indicated significant elongation of the Ba columns in the pentagonal positions and of the Nd columns in tetragonal positions involving a zigzag arrangement of atoms along the b lattice direction. We found that the preferred Ba substitution occurs at Nd[3]/[4] followed by Nd[2] and Nd[1]/[5] sites, which is significantly different to that proposed in earlier studies. Our results on the Ba(6-3n)Nd(8+2n)Ti(18)O(54) "perovskite" superstructure and its defect distribution are particularly valuable in those applications where the optimization of material properties of oxides is imperative; these include not only microwave ceramics but also thermoelectric materials, where the nanostructure and the distribution of the dopants will reduce the thermal conductivity.

Study on the antibacterial mechanism of copper ion- and neodymium ion-modified α-zirconium phosphate with better antibacterial activity and lower cytotoxicity.

PubMed

Cai, Xiang; Zhang, Bin; Liang, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Jinglin; Yan, Yinghui; Chen, Xiaoyin; Wu, Zhimin; Liu, Hongxi; Wen, Shuiping; Tan, Shaozao; Wu, Ting

2015-08-01

To improve the antibacterial activity of Cu(2+), a series of Cu(2+) and/or Nd(3+)-modified layered α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was prepared and characterized, and the antibacterial activities of the prepared Cu(2+) and/or Nd(3+)-modified ZrP on Gram-negative Escherichia coli were investigated. The results showed that the basal spacing of ZrP was not obviously affected by the incorporation of Cu(2+), but the basal spacing of the modified ZrP changed into an amorphous state with increasing additions of Nd(3+). An antibacterial mechanism showed that Cu(2+) and Nd(3+) could enter into E. coli cells, leading to changes in ion concentrations and leakage of DNA, RNA and protein. The Cu(2+)- and Nd(3+)-modified ZrP, combining the advantages of Cu(2+) and Nd(3+), displayed excellent additive antibacterial activity and lower cytotoxicity, suggesting the great potential application as an antibacterial powder for microbial control. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A crossover randomised and controlled trial of the impact of active video games on motor coordination and perceptions of physical ability in children at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder.

PubMed

Straker, L; Howie, E; Smith, A; Jensen, L; Piek, J; Campbell, A

2015-08-01

Impaired motor development can significantly affect a child's life and may result in an increased risk of a range of physical and psychological disorders. Active video game (AVG) interventions have been demonstrated to enhance motor skills in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD); however a home-based intervention has not been assessed. The primary aim of this study was to compare the changes in motor coordination between a 16 week period of AVG use, with 16 weeks of normal activities (NAG). The secondary aim was to compare the child and parent perceptions of their physical performance between the AVG and NAG conditions. Twenty-one 9-12 year olds (10 males) were confirmed to be at risk of DCD (⩽ 16th percentile Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition (MABC-2) and ⩽ 15th percentile Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ)) and participated in this crossover randomised and controlled trial. Data was collected at study entry, after the first 16 week condition and following the final 16 week condition, including; (1) the MABC-2, (2) three-dimensional motion analysis of single leg balance and finger-nose tasks, and (3) parent perception of physical skills. Participant perception of physical skills was collected only after the first and second conditions. There was no significant difference between AVG and NAG for any of the primary variables including the MABC-2, balance centre-of-mass path distance and finger-nose path distance. There was no significant intervention effect for secondary measures of motor coordination; however the children perceived their motor skills to be significantly enhanced as a result of the AVG intervention in comparison to the period of no intervention. A 16 week home based AVG intervention did not enhance motor skills in children with DCD, although they perceived their physical skills to be significantly improved. Australia and New Zealand Clinical trials Registry (ACTRN 12611000400965). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hf and Nd Isotopic and REE Investigations of Magnetite in a Proterozoic IOCG system: Fingerprinting Sources and Timing of Mineralisation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaefer, B. F.

2016-12-01

The Stuart Shelf on the margin of the Gawler Craton, South Australia, contains numerous economic and sub-econmic IOCG mineralised systems, including the giant Olympic Dam Cu-Au-U deposit. Hematite and magnetite have played a critical in the genesis of all of these deposits, and increasingly it appears that magnetite has been in equilibrium with either the final mineralised assemblage or was critical in transporting metals during the ore forming event. 14 magnetites and one hematite from three separate styles of iron oxide mineralisation associated with the Prominent Hill Cu-Au deposit were selected for detailed analysis. The REE and isotopic separations were all conducted by low blank wet chemistry and isotopes determined by TIMS (Nd) and MC-ICPMS (Hf). Magnetites associated with skarn style mineralsiation proximal to the ore body are unformly depleted in REE, whereas hematite within the ore and magmatic magmatites and whole rock gabbros from the nearby 1590Ma White Hill Gabbro intrusion are all relatively LREE enriched and display a comparable range in REE. Significantly however, magnetite separates almost invariably display more evolved Hf isotopic signatures than the host lithologies adjacent the economic mineralisation (dacites and metasediments at Prominent Hill mine) implying that the magnetites were sourcing their REE inventory dominantly from the local crust rather than a mantle derived source. In contrast, the magmatic magnetites from the White Hill Complex display Nd and Hf isotopes which are slightly more primitive, recording a greater relative mantle component, however still requiring a significant crustal input. Significantly, the hematite which contains the Au mineralisation preserves ɛNd (1590) = -4.04 and ɛHf (1590) = -6.05 essentially identical to the magmatic magnetites and their host gabbros in the White Hill complex and the basalts and dacites of the host Gawler Range Volcanics (ɛNd (1590) = -7.10 - -3.72 and ɛHf (1590) = -7.69 - -1.89). Therefore it would appear that the mineralising event was driven by the intrusion of the White Hills Complex and proximal Gawler Range Volcanics.

Effect of V-Nd co-doping on phase transformation and grain growth process of TiO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khatun, Nasima; Amin, Ruhul; Anita, Sen, Somaditya

2018-05-01

The pure and V-Nd co-doped TiO2 samples are prepared by the modified sol-gel process. The phase formation is confirmed by XRD spectrum. Phase transformation is delayed in V-Nd co-doped TiO2 (TVN) samples compared to pure TiO2. The particle size is comparatively small in TVN samples at both the temperature 450 °C and 900 °C. Hence the effect of Nd doping is dominated over V doping in both phase transformation and grain growth process of TiO2.

Causes of 142Nd Variation in Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyet, M.; Bouvier, A.; Gannoun, A.; Carlson, R.

2015-12-01

Variability of the 142Nd/144Nd ratio can reflect Sm/Nd fractionation during the lifetime of 146Sm, i.e. the first 500 Ma of Solar System history1 and nucleosynthetic heterogeneity inherited from the solar nebula. Deciphering the message carried by 142Nd variability requires a detailed examination of the data for Earth and meteorites. The elevated 142Nd/144Nd in terrestrial samples relative to average chondrites suggests that all terrestrial rocks sampled by volcanism over the Earth's history come from a geochemical reservoir characterized by a superchondritic Sm/Nd ratio. The chemical compliment to this reservoir, however, has never been seen, so it either was lost during Earth's accretion2,3, or is preserved in a deep hidden reservoir 1,4. These models are based on a comparison of Earth rocks and O-chondrites because they do not show any variation in stable Sm and Nd isotopic composition compared to Earth6-8. The first analyzed E-chondrites with terrestrial 142Nd/144Nd showed 144Sm excesses that reflect an excess p-process contribution. Although 142Nd is mainly produced by s-process, there is a direct p-process component estimated to be lower than 4 %. We will present new Sm and Nd isotopic data on meteoritic materials. CAIs show deficits in both r- and p-process isotopes that would lead to elevated 142Nd, yet the bulk C-chondrites in which they are contained show excesses in r-process isotopes and hence 142Nd/144Nd lower than terrestrial. The new E-chondrites data do not confirm the 142Nd-144Sm correlation observed in bulk chondrites In light of these results and using 146Sm-142Nd isochrons for constraining the bulk 142Nd/144Nd ratio of planetary bodies, we will discuss the 142Nd signature of terrestrial samples (from Hadean to present). 1Boyet & Carlson, Science 2005; 2O'Neill & Palme, Phil. Trans. R. Soc 2008; 3Caro et al. Nature 2008; 4Andreasen et al. EPSL 2008; 6Andreasen & Sharma, Science 2006; 7Carlson et al., Science 2007; 8Gannoun et al. PNAS 2011.

One pot synthesis of exchange coupled Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe by pechini type sol-gel method.

PubMed

Hussain, Abid; Jadhav, Abhijit P; Baek, Yeon Kyung; Choi, Hul Jin; Lee, Jaeho; Kang, Young Soo

2013-11-01

In this work, a combination of nanoparticles of Nd2Fe14B hard magnetic phase and alpha-Fe soft magnetic phase were synthesized by one pot chemical synthesis technique using sol-gel method. A gel of Nd-Fe-B was prepared using NdCl3 x 6H2O, FeCl3 x 6H2O, H3BO3, citric acid, and ethylene glycol by pechini type sol-gel method. The gel was subsequently calcined and annealed to obtain the mixed oxide powders. The produced metal oxide particles were identified with XRD, SEM, TEM to obtain the crystal structure, shape and domain structure of them. The nanoparticles of mixed phase of Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe were obtained from these oxides by a process of reduction-diffusion in vacuum by employing CaH2 as reducing agent. During this process it was optimized by controlling temperature, reaction time and concentration of the reducing agent (CaH2). The phase formation of Nd2Fe14B was resulted by the direct diffusion of NdH2, Fe and B. The magnetic property of produced hard and soft phases was successfully identified with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The mixed domains of the hard and soft phases were identified with selected area electron diffraction method (SAED) patterns.

Testing Models for the Origin of the Earth-Moon System with 142Nd/144Nd Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hyung, E.; Jacobsen, S. B.; Zeng, L.

2015-12-01

The Sm-Nd system is widely used for tracking the differentiation and evolution of planetary silicate reservoirs, due to the well understood, strong Sm-Nd fractionation between melt and mantle minerals. The short-lived 146Sm-142Nd system with a half-life of 103 Ma or 68 Ma has been used to constrain early planetary differentiation events based on early Archean terrestrial rocks, lunar rocks and meteorites. Early Archean terrestrial rocks show significant variations in 142Nd/144Nd of about 30 ppm, demonstrating very early differentiation of the Earth's mantle and crust. In contrast, present day 142Nd/144Nd ratios of mantle-derived ocean island basalts and MORBs show almost no variation at the reported analytical precision level (2σ = ± 6 ppm), suggesting that such early variations have been erased with time due to crustal recycling and mantle mixing. The 142Nd/144Nd ratio of the lunar mantle has been reported to be offset from terrestrial standards by about -5 ppm, barely resolvable with the reported analytical uncertainties. Differences in the 142Nd/144Nd ratios between the bulk Earth and Moon may suggest early large scale silicate differentiation events on the Earth that predate the Giant Moon forming impact. To address this problem, we carry out new 142Nd/144Nd measurements of terrestrial rocks, and lunar rocks and meteorites with a TIMS (Isoprobe T) equipped with new Xact Faraday amplifiers provided by Isotopx. We find that the Xact amplifiers provide lower noise than the earlier generation preamplifiers and operate close to the theoretical thermodynamic noise limit calculated from the Johnson equation. So far we have been able to improve multidynamic measurements to be reproducible to within ± 2 ppm at the 2σ level, and with this precision we find no variations in a few young terrestrial rocks. Our next step is measurements of lunar rocks and E-chondrites. If these turn out to be identical to the modern Earth, then the Nd isotope system may tell the same story as isotope ratios of many other elements: they are identical in the Earth, Moon and E-chondrites, and different from most other Solar System objects. There would thus be no need to postulate hidden reservoirs in the Earth's mantle to explain the 142Nd/144Nd ratios of the modern Earth's mantle.

Combination of CO2 and Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers is more effective than Q-switched Nd:YAG laser alone for eyebrow tattoo removal.

PubMed

Radmanesh, Mohammad; Rafiei, Zohreh

2015-04-01

The eyebrow tattoo removal using Q-switched lasers is usually prolonged. Other modalities may be required to enhance the efficacy and shorten the treatment course. To compare the efficacy of Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser alone versus combination of Q-switched Nd:YAG and Ultrapulse CO2 lasers for eyebrow tattoo removal after a single session. After local anesthesia, the right eyebrow of 20 patients was treated with Ultrapulse CO2 laser with the parameters of 4 J/cm(2) and 3.2 J/cm(2) for the first and the second passes. Both eyebrows were then treated with 1064-nm and 532-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The spot size and pulse duration were 3 mm and 5 nanoseconds for both wavelengths, and the fluence was 7 J/cm(2) for 1064 nm and 3 J/cm (2) for 532 nm. The side treated with combination of Q-switched Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers improved 75-100% in 6 of 20 patients versus only 1 of 20 in the side treated with Q-switched Nd:YAG alone. Similarly, the right side in 13 of 20 patients showed more than 50% improvement with combination therapy versus the left side (the monotherapy side), where only 6 of 20 cases showed more than 50% improvement. The Mann-Whitney test was 2.85 for the right side and 1.95 for the left side (P value = 0.007). Using Ultra pulse CO2 laser enhances the efficacy of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in eyebrow tattoo removal.

Czochralski and modified Bridgman-Stockbarger growth of pure, Cd 2+ and Nd 3+ doped benzil single crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aggarwal, M. D.; Wang, W. S.; Tambwe, M.

1993-03-01

Pure, Cd2+ and Nd3+-doped benzil C6H5COCOC6H5 have been grown from melt using the Czochralski and modified Bridgman-Stockbarger methods. Angle-tuned second harmonic generation of pure benzil from Nd:YAG laser radiation of λ = 1.06 μm with a conversion efficiency η = I2w/Iw = 0.4% has been demonstrated. We have used a Nd:YAG pulse laser to measure the radiation damage threshold as 15.9 MW/cm2 (c-axis) and 23.9 MW/cm2 (a-axis) under the conditions that laser pulse width is 10 ns. Under the same conditions, the conversion efficiency of Nd3+ and Cd2+-doped benzil, η= I2w/Iw = 1.1%, has been demonstrated. The radiation threshold is higher than for pure benzil crystals.

Water quality management library. 2. edition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eckenfelder, W.W.; Malina, J.F.; Patterson, J.W.

1998-12-31

A series of ten books offered in conjunction with Water Quality International, the Biennial Conference and Exposition of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC). Volume 1, Activated Sludge Process, Design and Control, 2nd edition, 1998: Volume 2, Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2nd edition, 1998: Volume 3, Toxicity Reduction, 2nd edition, 1998: Volume 4, Municipal Sewage Sludge Management, 2nd edition, 1998: Volume 5, Design and Retrofit of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Biological Nutrient Removal, 1st edition, 1992: Volume 6, Dynamics and Control of the Activated Sludge Process, 2nd edition, 1998: Volume 7: Design of Anaerobic Processes formore » the Treatment of Industrial and Municipal Wastes, 1st edition, 1992: Volume 8, Groundwater Remediation, 1st edition, 1992: Volume 9, Nonpoint Pollution and Urban Stormwater Management, 1st edition, 1995: Volume 10, Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, 1st edition, 1998.« less

Identification of three redundant segments responsible for herpes simplex virus 1 ICP0 to fuse with ND10 nuclear bodies.

PubMed

Zheng, Yi; Gu, Haidong

2015-04-01

Infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a key regulator in both lytic and latent infections. In lytic infection, an important early event is the colocalization of ICP0 to nuclear domain 10 (ND10), the discrete nuclear bodies that impose restrictions on viral expression. ICP0 contains an E3 ubiquitin ligase that degrades promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and Sp100, two major components of ND10, and disperses ND10 to alleviate repression. We previously reported that the association between ICP0 and ND10 is a dynamic process that includes three steps: adhesion, fusion, and retention. ICP0 residues 245 to 474, defined as ND10 entry signal (ND10-ES), is a region required for the fusion step. Without ND10-ES, ICP0 adheres at the ND10 surface but fails to enter. In the present study, we focus on characterizing ND10-ES. Here we report the following. (i) Fusion of ICP0 with ND10 relies on specific sequences located within ND10-ES. Replacement of ND10-ES by the corresponding region from ORF61 of varicella-zoster virus did not rescue ND10 fusion. (ii) Three tandem ND10 fusion segments (ND10-FS1, ND10-FS2, and ND10-FS3), encompassing 200 amino acids within ND10-ES, redundantly facilitate fusion. Each of the three segments is sufficient to independently drive the fusion process, but none of the segments by themselves are necessary for ND10 fusion. Only when all three segments are deleted is fusion blocked. (iii) The SUMO interaction motif located within ND10-FS2 is not required for ND10 fusion but is required for the complete degradation of PML, suggesting that PML degradation and ND10 fusion are regulated by different molecular mechanisms. ND10 nuclear bodies are part of the cell-intrinsic antiviral defenses that restrict viral gene expression upon virus infection. As a countermeasure, infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) localizes to ND10s, degrades the ND10 organizer, and disperses ND10 components in order to alleviate repression. We studied the ICP0-ND10 association to delineate elements important for this dynamic interaction and to understand its role in viral replication and host defense. In this work, we show that ICP0 contains three redundant segments to ensure an effective mergence of ICP0 with ND10 nuclear bodies. This is the first study to systematically investigate ICP0 elements that are important for ICP0-ND10 fusion. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthosaura lepidogaster (Squamata: Agamidae).

PubMed

Yu, Xiu-Li; Du, Yu; Yao, Yun-Tao; Lin, Chi-Xian; Lin, Long-Hui

2017-03-01

In this paper, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthosaura lepidogaster (Squamata, Agamidae), which is a circular molecule of 16 899 bp in size and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a control region. The overall base composition is as follows: T (22.8%), C (30.5%), A (32.3%), and G (14.4%). We constructed a phylogeny that included for 10 species of Leiolepidinae lizards and one outgroup Leiocephalus personatus constructed in BEAST, based on 15 mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, ND1, ND2, COI, COII, ATP8, ATP6, COIII, ND3, ND4L, ND4, ND5, ND6, and cytochrome b). The topology of the phylogenetic tree is broadly similar to that mentioned by Pyron et al.

Design of LaPO4:Nd3+ materials by using ionic liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cybinska, J.; Guzik, M.; Lorbeer, C.; Zych, E.; Guyot, Y.; Boulon, G.; Mudring, A.-V.

2017-01-01

Monoclinic monazite-type Nd3+-doped lanthanum orthophosphate (LaPO4:Nd3+) nanoparticles were prepared by microwave treatment of simple lanthanide precursors such as Nd(OAc)3•xH2O, OAc = acetate) with task-specific dihydrogen phosphate ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dihydrogenphosphate- BmPyrH2PO4 (IL1) and 2-hydroxyethyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium, [choline][H2PO4] (IL2) as the reaction medium, reactant and in-situ nanoparticle stabilizer. This synthesis route possesses many advantages as it is a fast and facile preparation method of the desired phosphate nanomaterials without the necessity for post-reaction heat treatment to obtain the anhydrous high temperature monazite phosphate phase. The nano-sized phosphors Nd3+:LaPO4 were carefully analyzed by the powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques taking advantage of the Nd3+ spectroscopic probe to analyze in detail the structural properties. Applied high resolution low temperature absorption and emission techniques allowed to complete the structural information unavailable from the XRD powder patterns. A clear influence of the used task-specific dihydrogen phosphate ILs on the structure, morphology, luminescence intensity and lifetimes of the obtained Nd3+:LaPO4 was found. It is worth noting that the Nd3+ luminescence in LaPO4 has never been reported up to now.

Posttraumatic stress, effort regulation, and academic outcomes among college students: A longitudinal study.

PubMed

Boyraz, Güler; Granda, Rebecca; Baker, Camille N; Tidwell, Lacey Lorehn; Waits, J Brandon

2016-07-01

Entering college with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology has been linked to poor academic performance and increased risk for dropping out of college; however, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which PTSD symptoms have deleterious effects on college outcomes. Drawing from a self-regulated learning (SRL) perspective, which suggests that students' learning behaviors and outcomes can be influenced by contextual and developmental factors, we hypothesized that students who enter college with high PTSD symptomatology may experience difficulties in effort regulation, which in turn, may have deleterious effects on their academic performance and college persistence. These hypothesized relationships, as well as the potential gender differences in these relationships were examined using a longitudinal study design and a multigroup structural equation modeling approach. Of the 928 1st-year students who participated in the study, 484 (52.2%) students who reported lifetime exposure to traumatic events constituted the final sample of the study. The prevalence of PTSD among the trauma-exposed participants was 12.4%. After controlling for participation in on-campus activities and American College Testing (ACT) assessment scores, the relationship between PTSD symptomatology in the 1st semester of college and 2nd-year enrollment was mediated by effort regulation and 1st-year cumulative grade-point average (GPA). Specifically, participants who started college with higher levels of PTSD symptomatology also reported lower levels of effort regulation, which in turn, had a significant indirect effect on 2nd-year enrollment through 1st-year GPA. Results also indicated that the paths in the hypothesized model were not significantly different for men and women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Neodymium(III) Complexes of Dialkylphosphoric and Dialkylphosphonic Acids Relevant to Liquid-Liquid Extraction Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lumetta, Gregg J.; Sinkov, Sergey I.; Krause, Jeanette A.

2016-01-27

The complexes formed during the extraction of neodymium(III) into hydrophobic solvents containing acidic organophosphorus extractants were probed by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, visible spectrophotometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the compound Nd(DMP)3 (1, DMP = dimethyl phosphate) revealed a polymeric arrangement in which each Nd(III) center is surrounded by six DMP oxygen atoms in a pseudo-octahedral environment. Adjacent Nd(III) ions are bridged by (MeO)2POO– anions, forming the polymeric network. The diffuse reflectance visible spectrum of 1 is nearly identical to that of the solid that is formed when an n-dodecane solution of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HA) is saturated withmore » Nd(III), indicating a similar coordination environment around the Nd center in the NdA3 solid. The visible spectrum of the HA solution fully loaded with Nd(III) is very similar to that of the NdA3 material, both displaying hypersensitive bands characteristic of an pseudo-octahedral coordination environment around Nd. These spectral characteristics persisted across a wide range of organic Nd concentrations, suggesting that the pseudo-octahedral coordination environment is maintained from dilute to saturated conditions.« less

Neodymium(III) Complexes of Dialkylphosphoric and Dialkylphosphonic Acids Relevant to Liquid-Liquid Extraction Systems.

PubMed

Lumetta, Gregg J; Sinkov, Sergey I; Krause, Jeanette A; Sweet, Lucas E

2016-02-15

The complexes formed during the extraction of neodymium(III) into hydrophobic solvents containing acidic organophosphorus extractants were probed by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, visible spectrophotometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the compound Nd(DMP)3 (1, DMP = dimethyl phosphate) revealed a polymeric arrangement in which each Nd(III) center is surrounded by six DMP oxygen atoms in a pseudo-octahedral environment. Adjacent Nd(III) ions are bridged by (MeO)2POO(-) anions, forming the polymeric network. The diffuse reflectance visible spectrum of 1 is nearly identical to that of the solid that is formed when an n-dodecane solution of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HA) is saturated with Nd(III), indicating a similar coordination environment around the Nd center in the NdA3 solid. The visible spectrum of the HA solution fully loaded with Nd(III) is very similar to that of the NdA3 material, both displaying hypersensitive bands characteristic of an pseudo-octahedral coordination environment around Nd. These spectral characteristics persisted across a wide range of organic Nd concentrations, suggesting that the pseudo-octahedral coordination environment is maintained from dilute to saturated conditions.

Integration of optically active Neodymium ions in Niobium devices (Nd:Nb): quantum memory for hybrid quantum entangled systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nayfeh, O. M.; Chao, D.; Djapic, N.; Sims, P.; Liu, B.; Sharma, S.; Lerum, L.; Fahem, M.; Dinh, V.; Zlatanovic, S.; Lynn, B.; Torres, C.; Higa, B.; Moore, J.; Upchurch, A.; Cothern, J.; Tukeman, M.; Barua, R.; Davidson, B.; Ramirez, A. D.; Rees, C. D.; Anant, V.; Kanter, G. S.

2017-08-01

Optically active rare-earth Neodymium (Nd) ions are integrated in Niobium (Nb) thin films forming a new quantum memory device (Nd:Nb) targeting long-lived coherence times and multi-functionality enabled by both spin and photon storage properties. Nb is implanted with Nd spanning 10-60 keV energy and 1013-1014 cm-2 dose producing a 1- 3% Nd:Nb concentration as confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Scanning confocal photoluminescence (PL) at 785 nm excitation are made and sharp emission peaks from the 4F3/2 -< 4I11/2 Nd3+ transition at 1064-1070 nm are examined. In contrast, un-implanted Nb is void of any peaks. Line-shapes at room temperature are fit with Lorentzian profiles with line-widths of 4-5 nm and 1.3 THz bandwidth and the impacts of hyperfine splitting via the metallic crystal potential are apparent and the co-contribution of implant induced defects. With increasing Nd from 1% to 3%, there is a 0.3 nm red shift and increased broadening to a 4.8 nm linewidth. Nd:Nb is photoconductive and responds strongly to applied fields. Furthermore, optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements are presented spanning near-infrared telecom band. The modulation of the emission intensity with magnetic field and microwave power by integration of these magnetic Kramer type Nd ions is quantified along with spin echoes under pulsed microwave π-π/2 excitation. A hybrid system architecture is proposed using spin and photon quantum information storage with the nuclear and electron states of the Nd3+ and neighboring Nb atoms that can couple qubit states to hyperfine 7/2 spin states of Nd:Nb and onto NIR optical levels excitable with entangled single photons, thus enabling implementation of computing and networking/internet protocols in a single platform.

Optical properties of Nd3+ doped bismuth zinc borate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shanmugavelu, B.; Venkatramu, V.; Ravi Kanth Kumar, V. V.

2014-03-01

Glasses with compositions of (100-x) (Bi2ZnOB2O6) - x Nd2O3 (where x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 2 mol%) were prepared by melt quenching method and characterized through optical absorption, emission and decay curve measurements. Optical absorption spectra have been analyzed using Judd-Ofelt theory. The emission spectra exhibit three peaks at 919, 1063 and 1337 nm corresponding to 4F3/2 to 4I9/2, 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 transitions in the near infrared region. The emission intensity of the 4F3/2 to 4I11/2 transition increases with increase of Nd3+ concentration up to 1 mol% and then concentration quenching is observed for 2 mol% of Nd3+ concentration. The lifetimes for the 4F3/2 level are found to decrease with increase in Nd2O3 concentration in the glasses. The decay curves of the glass up to 0.3 mol% of Nd3+ exhibit single exponential nature and thereafter the curves become nonexponential nature (0.5, 1 and 2 mol%). The nonexponential curve has been fitted to the Inokuti-Hirayama model to understand the nature of energy transfer process.

Optical properties of Nd3+ doped bismuth zinc borate glasses.

PubMed

Shanmugavelu, B; Venkatramu, V; Ravi Kanth Kumar, V V

2014-03-25

Glasses with compositions of (100-x) (Bi2ZnOB2O6) -x Nd2O3 (where x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 2 mol%) were prepared by melt quenching method and characterized through optical absorption, emission and decay curve measurements. Optical absorption spectra have been analyzed using Judd-Ofelt theory. The emission spectra exhibit three peaks at 919, 1063 and 1337 nm corresponding to (4)F3/2 to (4)I9/2, (4)I11/2 and (4)I13/2 transitions in the near infrared region. The emission intensity of the (4)F3/2 to (4)I11/2 transition increases with increase of Nd(3+) concentration up to 1 mol% and then concentration quenching is observed for 2 mol% of Nd(3+) concentration. The lifetimes for the (4)F3/2 level are found to decrease with increase in Nd2O3 concentration in the glasses. The decay curves of the glass up to 0.3 mol% of Nd(3+) exhibit single exponential nature and thereafter the curves become nonexponential nature (0.5, 1 and 2 mol%). The nonexponential curve has been fitted to the Inokuti-Hirayama model to understand the nature of energy transfer process. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sensory motor and functional skills of dizygotic twins: one with Smith-Magenis syndrome and a twin control.

PubMed

Smith, Michaele R; Hildenbrand, Hanna; Smith, Ann C M

2009-01-01

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), the result of an interstitial deletion within chromosome 17p11.2, is a disorder that may include minor dysmorphic features, brachydactyly, short stature, hypotonia, speech delays, cognitive deficits, signs of peripheral neuropathy, scoliosis, and neurobehavioral problems including sleep disturbances and maladaptive repetitive and self-injurious behaviors. Physical and occupational therapists provide services for children who have the syndrome, whose genetic disorder is frequently not identified or diagnosed before 1 year of age. A comprehensive physical and occupational therapy evaluation was completed in nonidentical twins with one having SMS, using the Sensory Profile; Brief Assessment of Motor Function (BAMF); Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition (PDMS-2); and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). This provides a framework for conducting assessments to enhance early detection and interdisciplinary management with this specialized population.

Tunability of morphological properties of Nd-doped TiO2 thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rehan, Imran; Sultana, Sabiha; Khan, Nauman; Qamar, Zahid; Rehan, Kamran

2016-11-01

In this work, an endeavor is made toward structural assessment and morphological variation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films when doped with neodymium (Nd). The electron beam deposition technique was employed to fabricate Nd-based TiO2 thin films on n-Type Si substrates. Nd concentration was varied from 0.0 to 2.0 atomic percent (at.%) under identical growth environments. The films were deposited in an oxygen-deficient environment to cause the growth of rutile phases. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence and variation of Nd dopant in TiO2. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the transformation of amorphous structures of the as-grown samples to anatase polycrystalline after annealing at 500 °C, while atomic force microscopy exposed linearity in grain density in as-grown samples with doping until 1 at.%. Raman spectrums of as-grown and annealed samples revealed the growth of the anatase phase in the annealed samples. Based on these results it can be proposed that Nd doping has pronounced effects on the structural characteristics of TiO2 thin films.

A psychometric study of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - 3rd Edition for term and preterm Taiwanese infants.

PubMed

Yu, Yen-Ting; Hsieh, Wu-Shiun; Hsu, Chyong-Hsin; Chen, Li-Chiou; Lee, Wang-Tso; Chiu, Nan-Chang; Wu, Ying-Chin; Jeng, Suh-Fang

2013-11-01

The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) was updated to enhance its usefulness for contemporary child developmental assessment. However, recent data in Western countries have implicated the overestimation of child development by the new instrument. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric features of the Bayley-III for term and preterm infants in Taiwan. Forty-seven term infants and 167 preterm infants were prospectively examined with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development - 2nd Edition (BSID-II) and the Bayley-III at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age (corrected for prematurity). The psychometric properties examined included reliability, construct validity, and known-group validity. The intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of the Bayley-III were good to excellent. The correlations between the BSID-II and Bayley-III raw scores were good to excellent for the cognitive and motor items and low to excellent for the language items. Term infants achieved higher composite scores than preterm infants on all of the Bayley-III scales (p<0.05). However, their rates of developmental delay were lower than the previously established prevalence estimates. The Bayley-III cut-off composite score was adjusted 10-20, 1-13, and 12-24 points higher than 70 for optimal prediction of cognitive, language, and motor delay, respectively, as defined by the BSID-II index score<70. The Bayley-III is a reliable instrument that extends its previous edition, especially in early language assessment. However, the upward adjustment of its cut-off score is recommended for the accurate identification of developmental delay in term and preterm Taiwanese infants. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Categorizing experience-based foraging plasticity in mites: age dependency, primacy effects and memory persistence

PubMed Central

Davaasambuu, Undarmaa; Saussure, Stéphanie; Christiansen, Inga C.

2018-01-01

Behavioural plasticity can be categorized into activational (also termed contextual) and developmental plasticity. Activational plasticity allows immediate contextual behavioural changes, whereas developmental plasticity is characterized by time-lagged changes based on memory of previous experiences (learning). Behavioural plasticity tends to decline with age but whether this holds true for both plasticity categories and the effects of first-in-life experiences is poorly understood. We tackled this issue by assessing the foraging plasticity of plant-inhabiting predatory mites, Amblyseius swirskii, on thrips and spider mites following age-dependent prey experience, i.e. after hatching or after reaching maturity. Juvenile and young adult predator females were alternately presented thrips and spider mites, for establishing 1st and 2nd prey-in-life experiences, and tested, as gravid females, for their foraging plasticity when offered both prey species. Prey experience by juvenile predators resulted in clear learning effects, which were evident in likelier and earlier attacks on familiar prey, and higher proportional inclusion of familiar prey in total diet. First prey-in-life experience by juvenile but not adult predators resulted in primacy effects regarding attack latency. Prey experience by adult predators resulted mainly in prey-unspecific physiological changes, with easy-to-grasp spider mites providing higher net energy gains than difficult-to-grasp thrips. Prey experience by juvenile, but not adult, predators was adaptive, which was evident in a negative correlation between attack latencies and egg production. Overall, our study provides key evidence that similar experiences by juvenile and adult predators, including first-in-life experiences, may be associated with different types of behavioural plasticity, i.e. developmental and activational plasticity. PMID:29765663

Categorizing experience-based foraging plasticity in mites: age dependency, primacy effects and memory persistence.

PubMed

Schausberger, Peter; Davaasambuu, Undarmaa; Saussure, Stéphanie; Christiansen, Inga C

2018-04-01

Behavioural plasticity can be categorized into activational (also termed contextual) and developmental plasticity. Activational plasticity allows immediate contextual behavioural changes, whereas developmental plasticity is characterized by time-lagged changes based on memory of previous experiences (learning). Behavioural plasticity tends to decline with age but whether this holds true for both plasticity categories and the effects of first-in-life experiences is poorly understood. We tackled this issue by assessing the foraging plasticity of plant-inhabiting predatory mites, Amblyseius swirskii , on thrips and spider mites following age-dependent prey experience, i.e. after hatching or after reaching maturity. Juvenile and young adult predator females were alternately presented thrips and spider mites, for establishing 1st and 2nd prey-in-life experiences, and tested, as gravid females, for their foraging plasticity when offered both prey species. Prey experience by juvenile predators resulted in clear learning effects, which were evident in likelier and earlier attacks on familiar prey, and higher proportional inclusion of familiar prey in total diet. First prey-in-life experience by juvenile but not adult predators resulted in primacy effects regarding attack latency. Prey experience by adult predators resulted mainly in prey-unspecific physiological changes, with easy-to-grasp spider mites providing higher net energy gains than difficult-to-grasp thrips. Prey experience by juvenile, but not adult, predators was adaptive, which was evident in a negative correlation between attack latencies and egg production. Overall, our study provides key evidence that similar experiences by juvenile and adult predators, including first-in-life experiences, may be associated with different types of behavioural plasticity, i.e. developmental and activational plasticity.

Transcriptomic alterations in the brain of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) developmentally exposed to bisphenol A or ethinyl estradiol.

PubMed

Manshack, Lindsey K; Conard, Caroline M; Bryan, Sara J; Deem, Sharon L; Holliday, Dawn K; Bivens, Nathan J; Givan, Scott A; Rosenfeld, Cheryl S

2017-04-01

Developmental exposure of turtles and other reptiles to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE), can stimulate partial to full gonadal sex-reversal in males. We have also recently shown that in ovo exposure to either EDC can induce similar sex-dependent behavioral changes typified by improved spatial learning and memory or possibly feminized brain responses. Observed behavioral changes are presumed to be due to BPA- and EE-induced brain transcriptomic alterations during development. To test this hypothesis, we treated painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta ) at developmental stage 17 , incubated at 26°C (male-inducing temperature), with 1 ) BPA (1 ng/µl), 2 ) EE (4 ng/µl), or 3 ) vehicle ethanol (control group). Ten months after hatching and completion of the behavioral tests, juvenile turtles were euthanized, brains were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen, and RNA was isolated for RNA-Seq analysis. Turtles exposed to BPA clustered separately from EE-exposed and control individuals. More transcripts and gene pathways were altered in BPA vs. EE individuals. The one transcript upregulated in both BPA- and EE-exposed individuals was the mitochondrial-associated gene, ND5, which is involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Early exposure of turtles to BPA increases transcripts linked with ribosomal and mitochondrial functions, especially bioenergetics, which has been previously linked with improved cognitive performance. In summary, even though both BPA and EE resulted in similar behavioral alterations, they diverge in the pattern of neural transcript alterations with early BPA significantly upregulating several genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial activity, and ribosomal function, which could enhance cognitive performance. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

Social skills and developmental delay: importance in predicting the auditory and speech outcomes after cochlear implantation in children.

PubMed

Chang, Young-Soo; Moon, Il Joon; Kim, Eun Yeon; Ahn, Jungmin; Chung, Won-Ho; Cho, Yang-Sun; Hong, Sung Hwa

2015-02-01

Preoperative evaluation of social interaction and global development levels using the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development-2nd edition (BSID-II) may be beneficial in predicting the postoperative outcome in pediatric cochlear implant recipients. In particular, cautious preoperative counseling regarding the poor postoperative prognosis may be necessary in children with low social skills and developmental status. To determine the clinical benefit of preoperative evaluation of social interaction and global development levels using VSMS and BSID-II in predicting the postoperative outcome in pediatric cochlear implant recipients. A total of 65 deaf children who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) were included in this study. Age at the time of implantation ranged from 12 to 76 months. All of the children underwent a comprehensive preimplant psychological assessment by a clinical psychologist. The VSMS and BSID-II were used for evaluating social skills and a child's development preoperatively. A social quotient (SQ) was calculated by using the VSMS for each subject using the following formula: (social age/chronological age) × 100. The auditory perception and speech production abilities were evaluated using the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) scale and the Korean version of the Ling's stage (K-Ling), respectively, at 1 year after CI. The associations between the preoperative SQ/developmental levels and the postoperative auditory/speech outcomes were evaluated. The mean SQ was significantly decreased in the enrolled children (90.6 ± 26.1). The improvement in CAP score at 1 year after CI was correlated with preoperative SQ. The improvements in phonemic and phonologic levels of K-Ling were correlated with preoperative VSMS and BSID-II scores.

Toxic stress history and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in a social stress task: Genetic and epigenetic factors.

PubMed

Lapp, Hannah E; Ahmed, Sarah; Moore, Celia L; Hunter, Richard G

2018-02-21

Histories of early life stress (ELS) or social discrimination can reach levels of severity characterized as toxic to mental and physical health. Such toxic social stress during development has been linked to altered acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to social stress in adulthood. However, there are important individual differences in the size and direction of these effects. We explored developmental, genetic, epigenetic, and contextual sources of individual differences in the relationship between ELS, discrimination, and adult responses to acute social stress in a standard laboratory test. Additional measures included perceived status, social support, background activity of HPA axis, and genetic variants in aspects of the stress response system. Participants (n = 90) answered questions about historical and ongoing stress, provided a DNA sample to examine genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic marks, and underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) during which three saliva samples were collected to assess HPA function. Individuals who reported high levels of childhood adversity had a blunted salivary cortisol response to the TSST. Childhood adversity, discrimination experiences, and FKBP5 genotype were found to predict pretest cortisol levels. Following up on recent observations that the glucocorticoid receptor directly interacts with the mitochondrial genome, particularly the NADH dehydrogenase 6 (MT-ND6) gene, individuals who reported high childhood adversity were also found to have higher percent methylation across six CpG sites upstream of MT-ND6. These findings suggest multiple contributions across psychological, genetic, epigenetic, and social domains to vulnerability and resilience in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation. Further study to examine how these multiple contributors affect developmental endpoints through integrated or independent pathways will be of use. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Spanish version of the Self-Determination Inventory Student Report: application of item response theory to self-determination measurement.

PubMed

Mumbardó-Adam, C; Guàrdia-Olmos, J; Giné, C; Raley, S K; Shogren, K A

2018-04-01

A new measure of self-determination, the Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report (Spanish version), has recently been adapted and empirically validated in Spanish language. As it is the first instrument intended to measure self-determination in youth with and without disabilities, there is a need to further explore and strengthen its psychometric analysis based on item response patterns. Through item response theory approach, this study examined item observed distributions across the essential characteristics of self-determination. The results demonstrated satisfactory to excellent item functioning patterns across characteristics, particularly within agentic action domains. Increased variability across items was also found within action-control beliefs dimensions, specifically within the self-realisation subdomain. These findings further support the instrument's psychometric properties and outline future research directions. © 2017 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Of psychometric means: Starke R. Hathaway and the popularization of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

PubMed

Schilling, Rebecca; Casper, Stephen T

2015-03-01

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was developed at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, in the 1930s and 1940s. It became a highly successful and highly controversial psychometric tool. In professional terms, psychometric tools such as the MMPI transformed psychology and psychiatry. Psychometric instruments thus readily fit into the developmental history of psychology, psychiatry, and neurology; they were a significant part of the narrative of those fields' advances in understanding, intervening, and treating people with mental illnesses. At the same time, the advent of such tools also fits into a history of those disciplines that records the rise of obsessional observational and evaluative techniques and technologies in order to facilitate patterns of social control that became typical during the Progressive Era in the United States and after. It was those patterns that also nurtured the resistance to psychometrics that emerged during the Vietnam War and after.

Reliability and validity of the Modified Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory in diverse samples.

PubMed

Leidy, N K; Darling-Fisher, C S

1995-04-01

The Modified Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (MEPSI) is a relatively simple survey measure designed to assess the strength of psychosocial attributes that arise from progression through Erikson's eight stages of development. The purpose of this study was to employ secondary analysis to evaluate the internal-consistency reliability and construct validity of the MEPSI across four diverse samples: healthy young adults, hemophilic men, healthy older adults, and older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Special attention was given to the performance of the measure across gender, with exploratory analyses examining possible age cohort and health status effects. Internal-consistency estimates for the aggregate measure were high, whereas subscale reliability levels varied across age groups. Construct validity was supported across samples. Gender, cohort, and health effects offered interesting psychometric and theoretical insights and direction for further research. Findings indicated that the MEPSI might be a useful instrument for operationalizing and testing Eriksonian developmental theory in adults.

An Investigation of the Factors Related to Low Parent-Adolescent Attachment Security in Taiwan.

PubMed

Chen, Chen-Jung; Sung, Huei-Chuan; Chen, Yi-Chang; Wang, Chih-Hung

2017-09-01

Adolescence may involve increases in many behavioral problems and psychosocial maladaptation. Adolescents must successfully cope with these challenges to achieve positive developmental milestones. To investigate whether low parental attachment security among adolescents in Taiwan is associated with their demographic characteristics, psychosocial maladaptation, and depression. A cross-sectional survey. A total of 335 adolescents completed the questionnaires. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Chinese version of the Youth Self-Report, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II were used to survey the participants. Correlation and multiple linear regressions, using low attachment security as the response variable, were used in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of Taiwanese adolescents with low parental attachment security was 38.5%. Low parental attachment security in adolescents was significantly associated with parental remarriage status and psychosocial maladaptation. By considering these risk factors, nursing educators and nurses could develop effective interventions to strengthen parent-adolescent attachment security.

Characterization of α-Fe-Free Heteroepitaxial NdFe12- x Ti x Thin-Film Materials with a Novel Cubic Laves Fe2Ti Phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hadorn, Jason Paul; Hirayama, Yusuke; Ohkubo, Tadakatsu

2018-01-01

Thin films with compositions of NdFe12 and NdFe11Ti1 were fabricated on W-buffered MgO(001) substrates of varying roughness. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the films microstructurally, chemically, and crystallographically. This study revealed successful heteroepitaxial synthesis of the tetragonal NdFe12 and NdFe12- x Ti x phases in the Ti-free and Ti-containing films, respectively, both with surface-normal c-axis orientation. It also revealed the presence of other phases within the magnetic layer. The NdFe12 films contained many α-Fe particles, which preferentially precipitated at locally rough regions of the W-buffer interface. The NdFe11Ti1 film showed the ubiquitous presence of an Fe2Ti phase, which covered most of the buffer thereby preventing the formation of α-Fe. This phase was determined to have a novel Cu2Mg-type cubic Laves ( C15) crystal structure with fourfold interfacial symmetry, good coherency, and a low mismatch with the W-buffer, thus rendering itself as being an ideal interface for the heteroepitaxial synthesis of NdFe12- x Ti x crystals. It is proposed that successful application of a cubic Fe2Ti underlayer on W can contribute to the development of a fabrication strategy for NdFe12 thin films without the presence of soft magnetic α-Fe.

Teachers' Perceptions of Students with Speech Sound Disorders: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Overby, Megan; Carrell, Thomas; Bernthal, John

2007-01-01

Purpose: This study examined 2nd-grade teachers' perceptions of the academic, social, and behavioral competence of students with speech sound disorders (SSDs). Method: Forty-eight 2nd-grade teachers listened to 2 groups of sentences differing by intelligibility and pitch but spoken by a single 2nd grader. For each sentence group, teachers rated…

Coercivity enhancement of anisotropic Dy-free Nd-Fe-B powders by conventional HDDR process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morimoto, K.; Katayama, N.; Akamine, H.; Itakura, M.

2012-11-01

Coercivity enhancement of Dy-free Nd-Fe-Co-B-Ga-Zr powders was studied using the conventional hydrogenation-decomposition-desorption-recombination (HDDR) process. It was found that the addition of Al together with the proper Nd content and the slow hydrogen desorption of the HDDR treatment can induce high coercivity in the powder. For example, the 14.0 at% Nd-2.0 at% Al powder exhibits HcJ of 1560 kA/m, Br of 1.22 T, and (BH)max of 257 kJ/m3. The high coercivity inducement of the powder is thought to be attributed to the formation of Nd-rich phase, which continuously surrounds fine Nd2Fe14B grains.

Neodymium cobalt oxide as a chemical sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdel-Latif, I. A.; Rahman, Mohammed M.; Khan, Sher Bahadar

2018-03-01

Chemical sensing and electrical transport properties of neodymium coblate, NdCoO3, was investigated in this work. It was prepared by using co-precipitation method. Pure neodymium chloride and cobalt chloride were mixing in the presence of sodium hydroxide and the obtained co-precipitated powder was calcined at 850 and 1000 °C. The synthesized composites, as-grown (NdCoO3-I), calcined at 850 °C (NdCoO3-II), and calcined at 1000 °C (NdCoO3-III) were studied in details in terms of their morphological and structural properties. The X-ray analysis confirmed that the synthesized products are well crystalline possessing single phase orthorhombic crystal system of space group Pbnm(62). The crystallite size of NdCoO3-I, NdCoO3-II, and NdCoO3-III is 22, 111, and 338 nm, respectively which reflect that crystallite size is increasing with increase in firing temperature. The DC resistivity was measured as a function of temperature in the temperature range from room temperature up to 200 °C. All NdCoO3 are semiconductor in this range of temperature but showed different activation energy which strongly depends on the crystallite size of the products. The activation energy decreased with increase in crystallite size, 0.798, 0.414 and 0.371 eV for NdCoO3-I, NdCoO3-II, and NdCoO3-III, respectively. Thus resistivity increases with increase in crystallite size of NdCoO3. All NdCoO3 products were tested as chemical sensor for acetone by electrochemical approaches and showed excellent sensitivity. Among the NdCoO3 samples, NdCoO3-III showed the highest sensitivity (3.4722 μAcm-2 mM-1) compared to other compositions and gradually decreased to 3.2407 μAcm-2 mM-1 with decreasing the crystallite size of NdCoO3-II. It is also observed that the sensitivity drastically decreased to 0.76253 μAcm-2 mM-1 in the case of NdCoO3-I. It is introduced an efficient route for the detection of environmental unsafe chemicals by electrochemical approach for the safety of healthcare and environmental fields in broad scales.

High Precision 142Nd/144Nd and 143Nd/144Nd Isotope Ratio Measurements in Rock Samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, A.; Srinivasan, G.

2009-05-01

The long-lived 147Sm-143Nd system with a half-life (T1/2) of 106 Gyr is generally used for geochronology. The short-lived 146Sm-142Nd system (T1/2= 103 Myr) is used as a geological tracer to track early (˜500 Ma) silicate differentiation [1] events in different planetary bodies. The isotope composition measurements by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) require purification of Nd using chemical separation methods. This is important as an impure sample will give both a very poor ion yield and cause beam instability in the mass spectrometer, potentially resulting in a poor analysis [2]. The separation of Nd for 143Nd isotope measurement is, fairly straightforward because there is no isobaric interference of any other REE. While 142Nd isotope analysis needs chemically separated Nd fraction to be ˜100% Ce-free as latter is composed of a substantial amount of 142Ce isotope. A 4-steps technique, modified from Caro et al., [3], for the separation of Nd is established at the Cosmochemistry Laboratory of University of Toronto, Canada and applied to the measurement of Nd isotope ratios in geological reference sample BCR-2 (USGS, Columbia River basalt) using TIMS. Results of the isotopic ratios obtained for BCR-2 are in good agreement with published values [e.g., 4]. Analytical work on the samples discovered as the oldest rocks on Earth [5] from Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in Québec, Canada and various meteorites is in progress. An account of the procedures involved is briefly described here. All working solutions and acids were prepared using >18.2 MΩ.cm-1 H2O from a Milli-Q water system. Experiments were performed under Class 100 clean work bench with acid-cleaned apparatus and plastic-ware. The whole rock powders were weighed (20-30 mg) and dissolved in a mixture of HF and HNO3 using PFA vials and heated at 110°C. Further decomposition was done in Teflon bomb in the oven at 205°C. Later on contents of the Teflon bomb were transferred to vials and fluorides were removed with a mixtures of HClO4 and HCl. Finally the digested samples were dissolved in 4N HCl prior to the column chromatography. The separation of alkalis and REE was achieved with 2 ml BioRad column using AG®50W-X12 resin; following which the separation of Nd and Sm fractions was achieved using Ln-Spec resin in PFA column. Results: Triple filament geometry was used to measure Nd as a metal in multi-dynamic mode using Isoprobe-T TIMS. About 600x10-9 g of JNdi-1 standard [6] produced a 142Nd beam strength of ~5×10-11 A; 400 cycles constituted one measurement, where each cycle consisted of 4 sequences of 10 second counting time. A set of ˜10 measurements of JNdi-1 gave extremely accurate and precise ratios for 142/144, 143/144 and 145/144 with internal precision better than 4 ppm and an external precision of less than 7 ppm in all cases. The BCR-2 samples were loaded ˜200 ng (factor of 4 less than JNdi-1) and therefore their operating signal strength for 142Nd was ˜1×10-11 A. Based on our analyses we conclude that the internal precision for BCR-2 samples in the range of 8-9 ppm and their external precision is comparable to JNdi-1. References: [1] Caro et al, (2008) Nature 452, 336-339; [2] Míková & Denková, (2007) Geosciences 52, 221-226; [3] Caro et al, (2003) Nature 432, 428-432; [4] Raczek et al., (2003) Geostandards Newsletter 27, No.2, 173-179; [5] O'Neil et al, (2008) Science 321, 1828-1831; [6] Tanaka et al., (2000) Chem Geol, 168, 279-281.

Lipophilic ternary complexes in liquid-liquid extraction of trivalent lanthanides

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lumetta, Gregg J.; Levitskaia, Tatiana G.; Latesky, Stanley

2012-03-01

The formation of ternary complexes between lanthanide ions [Nd(III) or Eu(III)], octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutyl-carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO), and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) was probed by liquid-liquid extraction and spectroscopic techniques. Equilibrium modeling of data for the extraction of Nd(III) or Eu(III) from lactic acid media into n-dodecane solutions of CMPO and HDEHP indicates the predominant extracted species are of the type [Ln(AHA){sub 2}(A)] and [Ln(CMPO)(AHA){sub 2}(A)], where Ln = Nd or Eu and A represents the DEHP{sup -} anion. FTIR (for both Eu and Nd) and visible spectrophotometry (in the case of Nd) indicate the formation of the [Ln(CMPO)(A){sup 3}] complexes when CMPO ismore » added to n-dodecane solutions of the LnA{sub 3} compounds. Both techniques indicate a stronger propensity of CMPO to complex Nd(III) versus Eu(III).« less

Fluorescence properties and energy transfer study of Er3+/Nd3+ doped fluorophosphate glass pumped at 800 and 980 nm for mid-infrared laser applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tian, Ying; Xu, Rongrong; Hu, Lili; Zhang, Junjie

2012-04-01

The fluorescence properties of 2.7 μm emission as well as near infrared emissions in Er3+/Nd3+ doped fluorophosphate glasses are investigated under 800 and 980 nm excitation. The fluorescence dynamics and energy transfer processes between Er and Nd ions in different pumping schemes are reported. Three Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, energy transfer microparameters, and efficiency have been determined using the Judd-Ofelt and Förster-Dexter theories. The calculated energy transfer efficiency of the Er3+:4I13/2 level to the Nd3+:4I15/2 level is as high as 83.91%. The results indicate that Nd3+ may be an efficient sensitizer for Er3+ to obtain mid-infrared emission and the more suitable pumping scheme of 2.7 μm laser applications for Er3+/Nd3+ doped fluorophosphate glass is 980 nm excitation.

In-situ and self-distributed: A new understanding on catalyzed thermal decomposition process of ammonium perchlorate over Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zou, Min, E-mail: zoumin3362765@163.com; Wang, Xin, E-mail: wangx@mail.njust.edu.cn; Jiang, Xiaohong, E-mail: jxh0668@sina.com

2014-05-01

Catalyzed thermal decomposition process of ammonium perchlorate (AP) over neodymium oxide (Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}) was investigated. Catalytic performances of nanometer-sized Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} and micrometer-sized Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In contrast to universal concepts, catalysts in different sizes have nearly similar catalytic activities. Based on structural and morphological variation of the catalysts during the reaction, combined with mass spectrum analyses and studies of unmixed style, a new understanding of this catalytic process was proposed. We believed that the newly formed chloride neodymium oxide (NdOCl) was the real catalytic species in the overall thermal decompositionmore » of AP over Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Meanwhile, it was the “self-distributed” procedure which occurred within the reaction that also worked for the improvement of overall catalytic activities. This work is of great value in understanding the roles of micrometer-sized catalysts used in heterogeneous reactions, especially the solid–solid reactions which could generate a large quantity of gaseous species. - Graphical abstract: In-situ and self-distributed reaction process in thermal decomposition of AP catalyzed by Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. - Highlights: • Micro- and nano-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} for catalytic thermal decomposition of AP. • No essential differences on their catalytic performances. • Structural and morphological variation of catalysts digs out catalytic mechanism. • This catalytic process is “in-situ and self-distributed” one.« less

A preliminary inquiry on the problem of unplanned (extra-quota) second births.

PubMed

Zhao, L; Zhu, C

1984-01-01

The resurgence of child births in China in 1981 was marked by a decline in the multiparity birth rates and a drastic rise in the rate of unplanned 2nd births, resulting in unplanned 2nd births outnumbering multiparity births. The aim of this investigation was to find the objective and subjective causes for the unplanned 2nd births and explore ways to bring them under strict control. In the countryside there are loud voices that give insufficient labor as their reason for wanting 2nd births. An analysis of 923 cases of unplanned 2nd births in connection with the economic conditions of the families, the sex of the 1st births, intervals between the births, and the parents' cultural level shows that 61.87% of the total number of families suffered a decline in their income. The effect of the sex of the 1st birth over the 2nd birth varies with different localities. Among those having unplanned births, illiterates accounted for more than 35% in Nanzheng and Yanchuan counties and over 20% in Mianxian and Wubao counties. The current rise in 2nd births is due mainly not to economic reasons but to social and psychological reasons. To effectively hold down 2nd births under the current conditions, the following suggestions are offered: 1) step up propaganda and education work to gradually raise people's consciousness for practicing family planning, 2) family planning measures of economic restriction and reward must be implemented, 3) on the basis of enforcing the new marriage law, late marriage should be promoted, 4) a population tax should be imposed, and 5) social insurance for the elderly should be enlarged.

[Combined CO2 and Nd-YAG laser in neurosurgical practice. A 1st experience apropos of 40 intracranial procedures].

PubMed

Roux, F X; Leriche, B; Cioloca, C; Devaux, B; Turak, B; Nohra, G

1992-01-01

The authors present their experience concerning the use of Combolaser (Lasermatic, Finland), in neurosurgery. This laser-unit combines two wavelengths (CO2 and 1.06 Nd-YAG) which are emitted simultaneously and coaxially. During the last 12 months, 40 patients harbouring an intracranial tumor were operated upon with such a combolaser unit: 8 infra-tentorial, 32 supra-tentorial, 17 were meningiomas. The mean output power used during the procedures was 3-5 w for both CO2 and Nd-YAG beams. The authors discuss the advantages and inconveniences of such a laser; and they compare it with the other laser-units they have been using for the last 10 years: CO2-Laser, 1.06 Nd-YAG and 1.32 Nd-YAG laser. The main inconvenience of this unit is linked to the utilization of the articulated arm which conducts the CO2 laser beam. This drawback should be avoided or limited by the use of a fiber microguide, which will conduct both CO2 and Nd-YAG beams simultaneously. The principal contribution of a combined-laser unit is the quality of the haemostasis associated to a very good vaporization and cutting effect. When both wavelengths are synchronized, the combined laser beams penetrate into the nervous parenchyma more deeply than the only CO2 laser beam would with the same parameters. The vaporization effect is identical to that obtained with the isolated CO2 laser; the quality of haemostasis is limited to the effects of the Nd-YAG laser. Another advantage must be emphasized: the possibility of utilizing separately the CO2 laser and the 1.06 Nd-YAG.

Persistence of fertile and hydrous lithospheric mantle beneath the northwestern Ethiopian plateau: Evidence from modal, trace element and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of amphibole-bearing mantle xenoliths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alemayehu, Melesse; Zhang, Hong-Fu; Aulbach, Sonja

2017-07-01

We present new trace element compositions of amphiboles, Sr-Nd-Hf isotope compositions of clinopyroxenes and mineral modes for spinel peridotite xenoliths that were entrained in a Miocene alkali basalt (Gundeweyn, northwestern Ethiopian plateau), in order to understand the geochemical evolution and variation occurring within the continental lithospheric mantle (CLM) in close proximity to the East African Rift system, and its dynamic implications. With the exception of a single amphibole-bearing sample that is depleted in LREE (La/YbN = 0.45 × Cl), amphiboles in lherzolites and in one harzburgite show variable degrees of LREE enrichment (La/YbN = 2.5-12.1 × Cl) with flat HREE (Dy/YbN = 1.5-2.1 × Cl). Lherzolitic clinoyroxenes have 87Sr/86Sr (0.70227 to 0.70357), 143Nd/144Nd (0.51285 to 0.51346), and 176Hf/177Hf (0.28297 to 0.28360) ranging between depleted lithosphere and enriched mantle. LREE-enriched clinopyroxenes generally have more enriched isotope compositions than depleted ones. While lherzolites with isotope compositions similar to those of the Afar plume result from the most recent metasomatic overprint, isotope compositions more depleted than present-day MORB can be explained by an older melt extraction and/or isotopic rehomogenisation event, possibly related to the Pan-African orogeny. Several generations of amphibole are recognized in accord with this multi-stage evolution. Texturally unequilibrated amphibole occurring within the peridotite matrix and in melt pockets attest to continued hydration and refertilization of the lithospheric mantle subsequent to Oligocene flood basalt magmatism, during which an earlier-emplaced inventory of amphibole was likely largely consumed. However, a single harzburgite contains amphibole with the highest Mg# and lowest TiO2 content, which is interpreted as sampling a volumetrically subordinate mantle region beneath the Ethiopian plateau that was not tapped during flood basalt magmatism. Strikingly, both trace-element enriched and depleted lherzolites have high clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene and low olivine contents (median 15, 24 and 56 vol.%), combined with primitive olivine Mg# (median 89.5), indicating the presence of refertilized mantle beneath Gundeweyn. Despite its fertility and FeO-rich character (hence high inferred density), and impingement by the Afar plume, the CLM beneath the Ethiopian plateau, though apparently thinned through thermochemical erosion, has so far resisted whole-sale delamination or dripping. This is tentatively ascribed to insufficient stress and density contrasts at the periphery of the Afar plume, which reached its greatest thermochemical buoyancy in the Afar region, northeast of Gundeweyn.

[Two-photon up-conversion fluorescence of a neodymium organic framework Nd(BTC)].

PubMed

Xu, Hui; Jin, Run-zhi; Wu, Chun-yang; Yang, Yu; Qian, Guo-dong

2008-08-01

In the present work, a neodymium organic framework Nd(BTC) was synthesized by the solvothermal reaction of Nd(NO3)3 x 5H2O and H3BTC (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) in mixed solvents of DMF, ethanol and water, and was identified by elemental analysis. This MOF complex was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) analysis, UV-visible absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra. This polycrystalline powder lost DMF and H2O when heated to 120 degrees C, then remained stable till the temperature reached 500 degrees C. Near infrared fluorescence at 1064 nm due to the 4 F3/2--> 4 I11/2 transition of Nd3+ ions was exhibited when excited by 808 nm laser beam. It was also been found that up-conversion fluorescence of Nd(BTC) peaked at about 450 nm due to 2 D5/2 -->4 I11/2 transition of Nd3+ ions can be observed under the excitation of a 580 nm laser line. The mechanism of the up-conversion fluorescence of Nd(BTC) at around 450 nm under the excitation of 580 nm laser can be ascribed to both excited-state absorption and energy transfer up-conversion. This result indicated that such MOF can be employed as an up-conversion luminescence material in many potential application areas such as bio-labeling and fluorescence image.

Nd3+, Y3+-codoped SrF2 laser ceramics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Weiwei; Mei, Bingchu; Song, Jinghong

2015-09-01

0.15 at.% Nd3+, 5 at.% Y3+-codoped SrF2 laser ceramic based on single crystal was prepared by extensive plastic deformation. Microstructure, optical and laser properties of the Nd3+, Y3+:SrF2 ceramic were investigated. The lasing of Nd3+, Y3+-codoped SrF2 ceramics with diode pumping have been observed and true CW laser operation around 1057 nm and 1050 nm was obtained with a slope efficiency of 31.9%. In particular, the fracture toughness of the ceramic is 0.98 MPa m1/2, which is approximately two times higher than that of single crystal.

Differences between naïve and expert observers’ vergence and accommodative responses to a range of targets

PubMed Central

Horwood, Anna M; Riddell, Patricia M

2015-01-01

Purpose Vergence and accommodation studies often use adult participants with experience of vision science. Reports of infant and clinical responses are generally more variable and of lower gain, with the implication that differences lie in immaturity or sub-optimal clinical characteristics but expert /naïve differences are rarely considered or quantified. Methods Sixteen undergraduates, naïve to vision science were individually matched by age, visual acuity, refractive error, heterophoria, stereoacuity and near point of accommodation to 2nd & 3rd year orthoptics and optometry undergraduates (“experts”). Accommodation and vergence responses were assessed to targets moving between 33cm, 50 cm, 1m and 2m using a haploscopic device incorporating a PlusoptiX SO4 autorefractor. Disparity, blur and looming cues were separately available or minimised in all combinations. Instruction set was minimal. Results In all cases, vergence and accommodation response slopes (gain) were steeper and closer to 1.0 in the expert group (p=0.001), with the largest expert /naïve differences for both vergence and accommodation being for near targets (p=0.012). For vergence, the differences between expert and naïve response slopes increased with increasingly open-loop targets (linear trend p=0.025). Although we predicted that proximal cues would drive additional response in the experts, the proximity-only cue was the only condition that showed no statistical effect of experience. Conclusions Expert observers provide more accurate responses to near target demand than closely matched naïve observers. We suggest that attention, practice, voluntary and proprioceptive effects may enhance responses in experienced participants when compared to a more typical general population. Differences between adult reports and the developmental and clinical literature may partially reflect expert / naïve effects, as well as developmental change. If developmental and clinical studies are to be compared to adult normative data, uninstructed naïve adult data should be used. PMID:20444119

Cognitive and motor abilities of young children and risk of injuries in the home.

PubMed

Ehrhardt, Jennifer; Xu, Yingying; Khoury, Jane; Yolton, Kimberly; Lanphear, Bruce; Phelan, Kieran

2017-02-01

Residential injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in US children. Rates and types of injury vary by child age but little is known about injury risk based on child cognitive and motor abilities. The objective of this study was to determine whether cognitive or motor development in young children is associated with residential injury. We employed data from Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. Parent report of medically attended injury was obtained at regular intervals from 0 to 42 months. Child development was assessed at 12, 24 and 36 months using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 2nd edition, which generates both mental developmental index (MDI) and a psychomotor developmental index (PDI). Injury risk was modelled using multivariable logistic regression as function of child's MDI or PDI. Effects of MDI and PDI on injury risk were examined separately and jointly, adjusting for important covariates. Children with cognitive delay (MDI <77) were at significantly higher risk of injury than children without cognitive delay (OR=3.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 10.5, p=0.012). There was no significant association of PDI with injury. There was, however, significant interaction of MDI and PDI (p=0.02); children with cognitive delay but normal motor development were at significantly higher risk of injury than children with normal cognitive and motor development (OR=9.6, 95% CI 2.6 to 35.8, p=0.001). Children with cognitive delays, especially those with normal motor development, are at elevated risk for residential injuries. Injury prevention efforts should target children with developmental delays. NCT00129324; post-results. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

The relationship between body mass index and gross motor development in children aged 3 to 5 years.

PubMed

Nervik, Deborah; Martin, Kathy; Rundquist, Peter; Cleland, Joshua

2011-01-01

To investigate the relationship between obesity and gross motor development in children who are developing typically and determine whether body mass index (BMI) predicts difficulty in gross motor skills. BMIs were calculated and gross motor skills examined in 50 children who were healthy aged 3 to 5 years using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd edition (PDMS-2). Pearson chi-square statistic and stepwise linear hierarchical regression were used for analysis. A total of 24% of the children were overweight/obese, whereas 76% were found not to be overweight/obese. Fifty-eight percent of the overweight/obese group scored below average on the PDMS-2 compared to 15% of the nonoverweight group. Association between BMI and gross motor quotients was identified with significance of less than 0.002. Regression results were nonsignificant with all 50 subjects, yet showed significance (P = 0.018) when an outlier was excluded. Children aged 3 to 5 years with high BMIs may have difficulty with their gross motor skills. Further research is needed.

Rotationally inelastic scattering of ND3 with H2 as a probe of the intermolecular potential energy surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tkáč, Ondřej; Saha, Ashim K.; Loreau, Jérôme; Ma, Qianli; Dagdigian, Paul J.; Parker, David H.; van der Avoird, Ad; Orr-Ewing, Andrew J.

2015-12-01

Differential cross sections (DCSs) are reported for rotationally inelastic scattering of ND3 with H2, measured using a crossed molecular beam apparatus with velocity map imaging (VMI). ND3 molecules were quantum-state selected in the ground electronic and vibrational levels and, optionally, in the j±k = 11- rotation-inversion level prior to collisions. Inelastic scattering of state-selected ND3 with H2 was measured at the mean collision energy of 580 cm-1 by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation spectroscopy and VMI of ND3 in selected single final j'±k' levels. Comparison of experimental DCSs with close-coupling quantum-mechanical scattering calculations serves as a test of a recently reported ab initio potential energy surface. Calculated integral cross sections reveal the propensities for scattering into various final j'±k' levels of ND3 and differences between scattering by ortho and para H2. Integral and differential cross sections are also computed at a mean collision energy of 430 cm-1 and compared to our recent results for inelastic scattering of state-selected ND3 with He.

Electroless Plated Nanodiamond Coating for Stainless Steel Passivation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, D.; Korinko, P.; Spencer, W.

Tritium gas sample bottles and manifold components require passivation surface treatments to minimize the interaction of the hydrogen isotopes with surface contamination on the stainless steel containment materials. This document summarizes the effort to evaluate electroless plated nanodiamond coatings as a passivation layer for stainless steel. In this work, we developed an electroless nanodiamond (ND)-copper (Cu) coating process to deposit ND on stainless steel parts with the diamond loadings of 0%, 25% and 50% v/v in a Cu matrix. The coated Conflat Flanged Vessel Assemblies (CFVAs) were evaluated on surface morphology, composition, ND distribution, residual hydrogen release, and surface reactivitymore » with deuterium. For as-received Cu and ND-Cu coated CFVAs, hydrogen off-gassing is rapid, and the off-gas rates of H 2 was one to two orders of magnitude higher than that for both untreated and electropolished stainless steel CFVAs, and hydrogen and deuterium reacted to form HD as well. These results indicated that residual H 2 was entrapped in the Cu and ND-Cu coated CFVAs during the coating process, and moisture was adsorbed on the surface, and ND and/or Cu might facilitate catalytic isotope exchange reaction for HD formation. However, hydrocarbons (i.e., CH 3) did not form, and did not appear to be an issue for the Cu and ND-Cu coated CFVAs. After vacuum heating, residual H 2 and adsorbed H 2O in the Cu and ND-Cu coated CFVAs were dramatically reduced. The H 2 off-gassing rate after the vacuum treatment of Cu and 50% ND-Cu coated CFVAs was on the level of 10 -14 l mbar/s cm 2, while H 2O off-gas rate was on the level of 10 -15 l mbar/s cm 2, consistent with the untreated or electropolished stainless steel CFVA, but the HD formation remained. The Restek EP bottle was used as a reference for this work. The Restek Electro-Polished (EP) bottle and their SilTek coated bottles tested under a different research project exhibited very little hydrogen off-gassing and unmeasurable HD formation. ND and Cu were initially chosen to develop improved passivation technology, because Cu has a lower permeability of hydrogen, and diamond is more inert than other materials under a hydrogen atmosphere. However, our tests demonstrated that even after an 8-18 day vacuum extraction heat treatment, the electroless plated Cu and ND-Cu coated stainless steel CFVAs exhibited H 2 off-gassing rates that were just comparable to those for the untreated or electropolished stainless steel CFVA, and the HD formation was still observed. Thus, the Restek Electro-Polished (EP) bottle outperformed the electroless plated Cu and ND-Cu coated stainless steel CFVAs, and the electroless plated nanodiamond coating is not promising as a surface passivation technology. However, the ND-Cu coating may be beneficial to another application in which catalyzing the H 2-D 2 exchange reaction is desired.« less

77 FR 16856 - Notice of Public Meeting, Pecos District Resource Advisory Council Meeting, New Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

.... 2nd Street, Roswell, NM, on April 11, with a tour for RAC members of Restore New Mexico vegetative.... 2nd Street, Roswell, NM 88201. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Betty Hicks, Pecos District, Bureau of Land Management, 2909 W. 2nd Street, Roswell, NM 88201, 575-627-0242. Persons who use a...

Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr Ages for Northwest Africa 2977, A Young Lunar Gabbro from the PKT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nyquist, L. E.; Shih, C.-Y.; Reese, Y. D.; Irving, A. J.

2009-01-01

Northwest Africa (NWA) 2977 is an olivine gabbro cumulate equivalent to one of the lithologies in lunar mare breccia NWA 773 [1,2,3]. The Ar-39-Ar-40 age is 2.77+/-0.04 Ga based on the last approx.57% of the gas release [4], similar to results for NWA 773 [5]. A Sm-Nd age (T) of 2.865+/-0.031 Ga and Epsilon(sub Nd) = -7.84+/-0.22 for the NWA 773 gabbro reported by [6] has been revised to T = 2.993+/-=0.032 Ga, Epsilon(sub Nd) -4.5+/-0.3 [7]. Sm-147-Nd-143 isochron for NWA 2977: Whole rock, pyroxene, olivine, plagioclase, whole rock leachate (approx.phosphate) and the combined leachates from the mineral separates yield a well defined Sm-Nd isochron for an age T = 3.10+/-0.05 Ga and Epsilon(sub Nd-CHUR) = -3.74+/-0.26 [8], or Epsilon(sub Nd-HEDR) = -4.61+/-0.26 [9]. Rb-87-Sr-87 isochron: NWA 2977 contains only a modest amount of Rb and/or Sr contamination. The Sr-isotopic composition of the contaminant closely resembles that of seawater. The whole rock residue after leaching combined with leach residues for plagioclase and pyroxene define an isochron age of 3.29+/-0.11 Ga for initial Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.70287+/-18. The olivine residue, with lower Sr abundance of approx 1.5 ppm, is only slightly displaced from the isochron. The relatively small uncertainties of the Rb-Sr isochron parameters and near-concordancy with the Sm-Nd age indicate that both the Rb-Sr and the Sm-Nd ages are reliable.

Coercivity enhancement in hot deformed Nd2Fe14B-type magnets by doping low-melting RCu alloys (R = Nd, Dy, Nd + Dy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Y. I.; Huang, G. Y.; Shih, C. W.; Chang, W. C.; Chang, H. W.; You, J. S.

2017-10-01

Magnetic properties of the anisotropic NdFeB magnets prepared by hot pressing followed by die-upsetting NdFeB MQU-F powders doped with low-melting RCu alloy powders were explored, where RCu stands for Nd70Cu30, Dy70Cu30 and (Nd0.5Dy0.5)70Cu30, respectively. In addition, the post-annealing at 600 °C was employed to modify the microstructures and the magnetic properties of the hot deformed magnets. It is found that doping RCu alloy powders is effective in enhancing the coercivity of the hot deformed NdFeB magnets from 15.1 kOe to 16.3-19.5 kOe. For Nd70Cu30-doped magnets, the increment of coercivity is only 1.2 kOe. Meanwhile, Dy70Cu30-doped and (Nd0.5Dy0.5)70Cu30-doped magnets show an almost identical enhancement of coercivity of about 4.4 kOe. Importantly, the latter magnet shows a beneficial effect of reducing the usage of Dy from 1.6 wt% to 0.8 wt%. TEM analysis shows that nonmagnetic Nd, Dy and Cu appear at grain boundary and isolate the magnetic grains, leading to an enhancement of coercivity. Doping lower melting point Dy-lean (Nd0.5Dy0.5)70Cu30 powders into commercial MQU-F powders for making high coercivity hot deformed NdFeB magnets might be a potential and economic way for mass production.

Alexithymia, depression and anxiety in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorder: Comparative study of autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

PubMed

Durukan, İbrahim; Kara, Koray; Almbaideen, Mahmoud; Karaman, Dursun; Gül, Hesna

2018-03-01

Recent studies have shown that individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and their relatives have problems expressing and recognizing emotions, but there is a lack of studies on alexithymia, and the relationship between parental alexithymia and depression-anxiety symptoms in these groups. The aim of this study was therefore to measure alexithymia, depression, and anxiety levels in parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and determine whether there is a positive correlation between the child's neurodevelopmental problem severity and parent scores. Parents of 29 autistic disorder (AD), 28 pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and 29 ADHD children were recruited into the study, and completed a demographic information form, as well as the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Alexithymia symptoms were higher in parents of children with AD than in others but unexpectedly, also these symptoms were higher in ADHD parents than in PDD-NOS groups. In addition, there were unexpected differences according to alexithymia subtype, while only the difference in maternal TAS-1 scores (difficulty in describing feelings) were statistically significant. Parental depression and state anxiety scores were increased as the child's symptom severity increased, but trait anxiety symptoms were higher in the AD and ADHD group than in the PDD-NOS group. In all groups, maternal depression and anxiety scores were higher than paternal scores, and differences were significant for depression and anxiety types in AD, and for only anxiety types in ADHD parents. The AD group had the strongest correlation between parental depression-anxiety and alexithymia. The possibility of alexithymia, depression and anxiety should be kept in mind when working with parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. © 2017 Japan Pediatric Society.

Concentration-dependent studies of Nd3+ -doped zinc phosphate glasses for NIR photoluminescence at 1.05 μm.

PubMed

Reddy Prasad, V; Seshadri, M; Babu, S; Ratnakaram, Y C

2017-05-01

Nd 3 + -doped lead-free zinc phosphate glasses with the chemical compositions (60-x) NH 4 H 2 PO 4  + 20ZnO + 10BaF 2  + 10NaF + xNd 2 O 3 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) were prepared using a melt quenching technique. Vibrational bands were assigned and clearly elucidated by Raman spectral profiles for all the glass samples. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) intensity parameters (Ω λ : λ = 2, 4, 6) were obtained from the spectral intensities of different absorption bands of Nd 3 + ions. Radiative properties such as radiative transition probabilities (A R ), radiative lifetimes (τ R ) and branching ratios (β R ) for different excited states were calculated using J-O parameters. The near infrared (NIR) photoluminescence spectra exhibited three emission bands ( 4 F 3 /2 level to 4 I 13 /2 , 4 I 11 /2 and 4 I 9 /2 states) for all the concentrations of Nd 3 + ions. Various luminescence properties were studied by varying the Nd 3 + concentration for the three spectral profiles. Fluorescence decay curves of the 4 F 3 /2 level were recorded. The energy transfer mechanism that leads to quenching of the 4 F 3 /2 state lifetimes was discussed at higher concentration of Nd 3 + ions. These glasses are suggested as suitable hosts to produce efficient lasing action in NIR region at 1.05 μm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fluorosilicate and fluorophosphate superfluorescent multicore optical fibers co-doped with Nd3+/Yb3+

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kochanowicz, M.; Zmojda, J.; Dorosz, D.

2014-06-01

In the paper spectroscopic properties of two fluorosilicate and fluorophosphate glass systems co-doped with Nd3+/Yb3+ ions are investigated. As a result of optical excitation at the wavelength of 808 nm strong and wide emission in the 1 μm region corresponding to the superposition of optical transitions 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 (Nd3+) and 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 (Yb3+) can be observed. The optimization of Nd3+ → Yb3+ energy transfer in both glasses allows to manufacture multicore optical fibers with narrowing and red-shifting of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at 1.1 μm.

Eutectic, monotectic and immiscibility systems of nimesulide with water-soluble carriers: phase equilibria, solid-state characterisation and in-vivo/pharmacodynamic evaluation.

PubMed

Abdelkader, Hamdy; Abdallah, Ossama Y; Salem, Hesham; Alani, Adam W G; Alany, Raid G

2014-10-01

The solid-state interactions of fused mixtures nimesulide (ND) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, urea or mannitol were studied through constructing thaw-melt phase equilibrium diagrams. The solid-state characteristics were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Various types of interactions were identified such as the formation of a eutectic system of ND-PEG 4000, monotectic system of ND-urea and complete solid immiscibility of ND with mannitol. The effects of carrier concentrations on the equilibrium solubility and in-vitro dissolution characteristics were studied. Linear increases (R(2)  > 0.99) in the aqueous solubility of ND in various concentrations of PEG 4000 and urea were obtained, whereas mannitol did not exhibit any effect on the solubility of ND. Similar trends were obtained with the dissolution efficiency of the fused mixtures of ND with PEG 4000 and urea compared with the corresponding physical mixtures and untreated drug. The analgesic effects of untreated ND and the selected formulations were investigated by evaluating the drug's ability to inhibit the acetic acid-induced writhing response. The analgesic effect of ND in a eutectic mixture with PEG 4000 and a monotectic mixture with urea was potentiated by 3.2 and 2.7-fold respectively compared with the untreated drug. © 2014 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.

A molten salt process for producing neodymium and neodymium-iron alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, Ram A.; Seefurth, Randall N.

1989-12-01

The production of low-cost neodymium metal in a stirred tank reactor by the reduction of Nd2O3 with sodium in the presence of CaCl2-KCl-NaCl melts by the overall reaction Nd2O3+3CaCl2+6Na→2Nd+3CaO+6NaCl at ˜750 °C is described. The metal produced is recovered from the salt medium by dissolving it in a Nd-Zn or Nd-Fe alloy pool. In the case of Nd-Zn alloy pools, product yields (percentages of theoretical neodymium produced) in excess of 94 pct are obtained when using salt ratios, i.e., the amounts of salt per gram of neodymium produced, ≥3.5 and excess reductant ≥10 pct. The alloy produced is of high quality, and following vacuum distillation of the zinc, can be used in producing General Motors’ MAGNEQUENCH alloy for permanent magnets. In the case of Nd-Fe pools, the yield is also ˜95 pct with a salt ratio as low as 3.5. The yield is found to depend on the salt composition and salt ratio, and to decrease at salt ratios below 3.25. Stirrer position has little effect on yield, while increasing the temperature and placing fins in the reactor increase the yield. The Nd-Fe alloy produced is of as good quality as that produced using Ca reductant and is suitable for direct use in preparing the MAGNEQUENCH alloy.

The Upconversion Luminescence of Er3+/Yb3+/Nd3+ Triply-Doped β-NaYF4 Nanocrystals under 808-nm Excitation

PubMed Central

Tian, Lijiao; Xu, Zheng; Zhao, Suling; Cui, Yue; Liang, Zhiqin; Zhang, Junjie; Xu, Xurong

2014-01-01

In this paper, Nd3+–Yb3+–Er3+-doped β-NaYF4 nanocrystals with different Nd3+ concentrations are synthesized, and the luminescence properties of the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been studied under 808-nm excitation for sensitive biological applications. The upconversion luminescence spectra of NaYF4 nanoparticles with different dopants under 808-nm excitation proves that the Nd3+ ion can absorb the photons effectively, and the Yb3+ ion can play the role of an energy-transfer bridging ion between the Nd3+ ion and Er3+ ion. To investigate the effect of the Nd3+ ion, the decay curves of the 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition at 540 nm are measured and analyzed. The NaYF4: 20% Yb3+, 2% Er3+, 0.5% Nd3+ nanocrystals have the highest emission intensity among all samples under 808-nm excitation. The UC (upconversion) mechanism under 808-nm excitation is discussed in terms of the experimental results. PMID:28788246

A New ɛNd Record Covering Termination II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deaney, E. L.; Thornalley, D. J.; van de Flierdt, T.; Kreissig, K.; Barker, S.

2014-12-01

The 143Nd/144Nd ratio (ɛNd) of seawater is used as a quasi-conservative tracer to examine past changes in water mass composition of the deep ocean. Records of ɛNd across the last deglaciation (Termination 1, T1) provide valuable information about water mass mixing that has improved our understanding of the ocean dynamics relevant to the process of deglaciation. However, questions remain concerning end-member source characteristics and regional hydrographic processes. Here we present a high resolution record of ɛNd derived from fish debris from ODP site 1063 across Termination 2. The different external and internal forcing (e.g. insolation versus freshwater) applicable to T2 make this a useful comparator for studies focused on T1. Accordingly we find large (up to 4 ɛNd units) fluctuations across T2 that can be related to high latitude climate changes as recorded by ice cores and other high resolution climate archives. We also identify periods of extremely negative values that require new explanations for changing end-member compositions. Our results have important implications for understanding North Atlantic deep water formation processes during critical climate transitions.

Caregiver burden and needs of dementia caregivers in Thailand: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Muangpaisan, Weerasak; Praditsuwan, Rungnirand; Assanasen, Jintana; Srinonprasert, Varalak; Assantachai, Prasert; Intalapaporn, Somboon; Chatthanawaree, Wichai; Dajpratham, Piyapat; Kuptniratsaikul, Vilai; Pisansalakij, Doojpratna

2010-05-01

To identify the burdens of Thai dementia caregivers and to determine the services that could support them in this function. The authors surveyed 88 dementia caregivers attending "Caregiver Day". The questionnaire contained Caregiver Burden Inventory. The answers range from "not at all descriptive" (zero) to "very descriptive" (4). The authors also explored baseline characteristics of caregivers and care recipients as well as caregiver's needs of a supporting system. There was an 82% response rate. Responses in time-dependence burden distributed almost equally in the five possible scales. In developmental and physical burden, caregivers rate scores mainly from 0-2. The scores in social and emotional burden ranged mainly between 0-1. Dependency in basic activities of daily living correlated with higher caregiver burden (odd ratio 7.48, 95% confidence interval 1.42-39.53, p = 0.02), while sex and kinship did not. The top three caregiver's needs were 1) caregiver education and training, 2) telephone line provided for caregiver consultation and 3) special system in a hospital provided for dementia patients to have rapid access to see a doctor. Caring for dementia patients can lead to high caregiver burden, particularly those caring for dependent patients. Physical and developmental burdens are affected more than social and emotional burdens. Culture, relationship quality and resources (coping, outlook on life and social support) might be contributing factors of this difference.

Intellectual Disability in a Birth Cohort: Prevalence, Etiology, and Determinants at the Age of 4 Years

PubMed Central

Karam, Simone M.; Barros, Aluísio J.D.; Matijasevich, Alícia; dos Santos, Iná S.; Anselmi, Luciana; Barros, Fernando; Leistner-Segal, Sandra; Félix, Têmis M.; Riegel, Mariluce; Maluf, Sharbel W.; Giugliani, Roberto; Black, Maureen M.

2016-01-01

Background Intellectual disability (ID), characterized by impairments in intellectual function and adaptive behavior, affects 1-3% of the population. Many studies investigated its etiology, but few are cohort studies in middle-income countries. Aims To estimate prevalence, etiology, and factors related to ID among children prospectively followed since birth in a Southern Brazilian city (Pelotas). Methods In 2004, maternity hospitals were visited daily and births were identified. Live-born infants (n = 4,231) whose family lived in the urban area have been followed for several years. At the age of 2 and 4 years, performances in development and intelligence tests were evaluated using the Battelle Developmental Inventory and Wechsler Intelligence Scale, respectively. Children considered as having developmental delay were invited to attend a genetic evaluation. Results At 4 years of age, the prevalence of ID was 4.5%, and the etiology was classified into 5 groups: environmental (44.4%), genetic (20.5%), idiopathic (12.6%), neonatal sequelae (13.2%), other diseases (9.3%). Most children presented impairment in two or more areas of adaptive behavior. There was no difference in prenatal care attendance or maternal schooling among the groups. Conclusion For about 40% of children, ID was attributed to nonbiological factors, suggesting that the rate may be reduced with appropriate interventions early in life. PMID:27595410

Intellectual Disability in a Birth Cohort: Prevalence, Etiology, and Determinants at the Age of 4 Years.

PubMed

Karam, Simone M; Barros, Aluísio J D; Matijasevich, Alícia; Dos Santos, Iná S; Anselmi, Luciana; Barros, Fernando; Leistner-Segal, Sandra; Félix, Têmis M; Riegel, Mariluce; Maluf, Sharbel W; Giugliani, Roberto; Black, Maureen M

2016-01-01

Intellectual disability (ID), characterized by impairments in intellectual function and adaptive behavior, affects 1-3% of the population. Many studies investigated its etiology, but few are cohort studies in middle-income countries. To estimate prevalence, etiology, and factors related to ID among children prospectively followed since birth in a Southern Brazilian city (Pelotas). In 2004, maternity hospitals were visited daily and births were identified. Live-born infants (n = 4,231) whose family lived in the urban area have been followed for several years. At the age of 2 and 4 years, performances in development and intelligence tests were evaluated using the Battelle Developmental Inventory and Wechsler Intelligence Scale, respectively. Children considered as having developmental delay were invited to attend a genetic evaluation. At 4 years of age, the prevalence of ID was 4.5%, and the etiology was classified into 5 groups: environmental (44.4%), genetic (20.5%), idiopathic (12.6%), neonatal sequelae (13.2%), other diseases (9.3%). Most children presented impairment in two or more areas of adaptive behavior. There was no difference in prenatal care attendance or maternal schooling among the groups. For about 40% of children, ID was attributed to nonbiological factors, suggesting that the rate may be reduced with appropriate interventions early in life. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

Synthesis and the luminescent properties of the Nd3+ ions doped three kinds of fluoride nanocrystals in organic solvents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zhuo; Tian, Changyong; Bo, Shuhui; Liu, Xinhou; Zhen, Zhen

2015-10-01

Oleic acid (OA)-modified LaF3:Nd, NaYF4:Nd and CaF2:Nd nanocrystals (NCs) with the different Nd3+ ion concentration (2% and 5%) have been prepared. The structure and morphology of NCs were identified by XRD, TEM, FT-IR and TGA. The size of OA-modified NC is a mean diameter of 5-10 nm and can be dispersed in common organic solvents to form a transparent solution. The optical loss of NCs in organic solvent is the first time to discuss in this work. The luminescence properties of NCs were also characterized and studied by fluorescence spectrometer. The nanoparticles in solid and in the solution all exhibited the strong emission at the 1060 nm when the materials were excited around 800 nm. Compared with the LaF3 and CaF2 matrix, NaYF4 as the host can protect the Nd3+ ions more efficiently away from the nonradiative transitions. The longest luminescent lifetime of the solid NaYF4:2%Nd NCs was up to 136 μs, and the little difference of the fluorescence lifetime existed between the NCs in solid state and in solution. The low optical loss in organic solvent indicated that the Nd3+ ions-doped fluoride NCs are promising materials for optical amplification fields.

Nd and Sr isotopic variations in acidic rocks from Japan: significance of upper-mantle heterogeneity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Terakado, Yasutaka; Nakamura, Noboru

1984-10-01

Initial Nd and Sr isotopic ratios have been measured for Cretaceous acidic and related intermediate rocks (24 volcanic and two plutonic rocks) from the Inner Zone of Southwest Japan (IZSWJ) to investigate the genesis of acidic magmas. The initial Nd and Sr isotopic ratios for these rocks show three interesting features: (1) ɛ Nd values for acidic rocks (+2 to -9) are negatively correlated with ɛ Sr values (+10 to +90) together with those for intermediate rocks ( ɛ Nd=+3 to -8; ɛ Sr=0 to +65). (2) The ɛ Nd values for silica rich rocks (>60% SiO2) correlate with the longitude of the sample locality, decreasing from west to east in a stepwise fashion: Four areas characterized by uniform ɛ Nd values are discriminated. (3) Low silica rocks (<60% SiO2) in a certain area have distinctly different ɛ Nd values from those of the high silica rocks in the same area. These results as well as those deduced from the additional samples collected, for comparison, from other provinces in Japan suggest that the acidic rocks can be formed neither by fractional crystallization processes from more basic magmas nor by crustal assimilation processes. The isotopic variations of the acidic rocks may reflect regional isotopic heterogeneity in the lower crust, and this heterogeneity may ultimately be attributed to the regional heterogeneity of the uppermost-mantle beneath the Japanese Islands.

Investigation on demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets induced by irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zhefu; Jia, Yanyan; Liu, Renduo; Xu, Yuhai; Wang, Guanghong; Xia, Xiaobin

2017-12-01

Nd2Fe14B is an important component of insertion devices, which are used in synchrotron radiation sources, and could be demagnetized by irradiation. In the present study, the Monte Carlo code FLUKA was used to analyze the irradiation field of Nd2Fe14B, and it was confirmed that the main demagnetization particle was neutron. Nd2Fe14B permanent magnet samples were irradiated by Ar ions at different doses to simulate neutron irradiation damage. The hysteresis loops were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer, and the microstructure evolutions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the relationship between them was discussed. The results indicate that the decrease in saturated magnetization is caused by the changes in microstructure. The evolution of single crystals into an amorphous structure is the reason for the demagnetization phenomenon of Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets when considering its microscopic structure.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pandey, Tribhuwan; Parker, David S.

The electronic and magnetic properties of Nd 2Fe 17 and Nd 2Fe 17X 3 (X = C or N) compounds have been calculated using the first-principles density functional calculations. Among these, the nitrogen and carbon interstitial compounds exhibit all of the required properties such as a saturation moment of 1.6 T, Curie temperature of 700–750 K, however easy magnetic axis lies in the planar direction making them less attractive for permanent magnet applications. The calculated magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is found to be -2.7 MJ/m 3 for Nd 2Fe 17C 3 and -4.7 MJ/m 3 for Nd 2Fe 17N 3. Finally,more » we further explored the possibility of changing the easy axis direction through La/Ce alloying at Nd site. Although the MAE is found to be smaller in magnitude for all the La/Ce alloys it still maintains planar direction.« less

Should bilingual children learn reading in two languages at the same time or in sequence?

PubMed Central

Berens, Melody S.; Kovelman, Ioulia; Petitto, Laura-Ann

2013-01-01

Is it best to learn reading in two languages simultaneously or sequentially? We observed 2nd and 3rd grade children in two-way dual-language learning contexts: (i) 50:50 or Simultaneous dual-language (two languages within same developmental period) and (ii) 90:10 or Sequential dual-language (one language, followed gradually by the other). They were compared to matched monolingual English-only children in single-language English schools. Bilinguals (home language was Spanish only, English-only, or Spanish and English in dual-language schools), were tested in both languages, and monolingual children were tested in English using standardized reading and language tasks. Bilinguals in 50:50 programs performed better than bilinguals in 90:10 programs on English Irregular Words and Passage Comprehension tasks, suggesting language and reading facilitation for underlying grammatical class and linguistic structure analyses. By contrast, bilinguals in 90:10 programs performed better than bilinguals in the 50:50 programs on English Phonological Awareness and Reading Decoding tasks, suggesting language and reading facilitation for surface phonological regularity analysis. Notably, children from English-only homes in dual-language learning contexts performed equally well, or better than, children from monolingual English-only homes in single-language learning contexts. Overall, the findings provide tantalizing evidence that dual-language learning during the same developmental period may provide bilingual reading advantages. PMID:23794952

Effects of juvenile hormone (JH) analog insecticides on larval development and JH esterase activity in two spodopterans.

PubMed

El-Sheikh, El-Sayed A; Kamita, Shizuo G; Hammock, Bruce D

2016-03-01

Juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticides are biological and structural mimics of JH, a key insect developmental hormone. Toxic and anti-developmental effects of the JHA insecticides methoprene, fenoxycarb, and pyriproxyfen were investigated on the larval and pupal stages of Spodoptera littoralis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Bioassays showed that fenoxycarb has the highest toxicity and fastest speed of kill in 2nd instar S. littoralis. All three JHAs affected the development of 6th instar (i.e., final instar) and pupal S. frugiperda. JH esterase (JHE) is a critical enzyme that helps to regulate JH levels during insect development. JHE activity in the last instar S. littoralis and S. frugiperda was 11 and 23 nmol min(-1) ml(-1) hemolymph, respectively. Methoprene and pyriproxyfen showed poor inhibition of JHE activity from these insects, whereas fenoxycarb showed stronger inhibition. The inhibitory activity of fenoxycarb, however, was more than 1000-fold lower than that of OTFP, a highly potent inhibitor of JHEs. Surprisingly, topical application of methoprene, fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen on 6th instars of S. littoralis and S. frugiperda prevented the dramatic reduction in JHE activity that was found in control insects. Our findings suggest that JHAs may function as JH agonists that play a disruptive role or a hormonal replacement role in S. littoralis and S. frugiperda. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Magnetic properties and magnetization reversal mechanism of Nd-Fe-B nanoparticles synthesized by a sol-gel method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahimi, Hamed; Ghasemi, Ali; Mozaffarinia, Reza; Tavoosi, Majid

2017-12-01

Nd-Fe-B oxide powders with various pH were prepared using chloride and nitrate precursors including NdCl3·6H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, H3BO3, Nd2O3, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, HNO3, citric acid (CA), ethylene glycol (EG) by Pechini type sol-gel method. The pH of chloride and nitrate base sols were 0 and 2.2, respectively. Mixed oxide powders were obtained by calcination and annealing the gels. These oxides by using a reduction-diffusion process under high vacuum and employing CaH2 as reducing agent at 800 °C were hated to prepare Nd2Fe14B nanoparticles. The role of pH on phase, morphologies, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the powders were investigated. The results show that with a decrease in pH, the average particle size and coercivity of Nd-Fe-B oxide powders were decreased and increased, respectively. Nd2Fe14B nanoparticles were formed successfully after reduction process. The average particle size of reduction treated products were 30 and 65 nm for powders which made of chloride and nitrate base metal salts, respectively. Final powders which made of chloride and nitrate base metal salts had a saturation magnetization of 127.7 emu/g and 122.8 emu/g while the coercivity of samples were 3.32 kOe and 1.82 kOe, respectively. The experimental results in the angular dependence of coercivity indicated that the normalized coercivity of the permanent magnets Hc(θ)/Hc(0) obeys the 1/cosθ law and intermediate between the 1/cosθ law and Stoner-Wohlfarth formula for different Nd2Fe14B magnets which made of nitrate and chloride base metal salts, respectively. Also, the results show that different Nd2Fe14B magnets which made of nitrate and chloride base metal salts had the maximum energy product of 5 and 16 MGOe, respectively. The Henkel plot showed that magnetic phases in synthesized NdFeB magnets which made of chloride and nitrate base metal salts were coupled by exchange and dipolar interactions, respectively. Different average particle size, morphology and microstructure were the reasons for variation of magnetic properties.

Nd-doped Bi2O3 nanocomposites: simple synthesis and improved photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production under visible light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Namshah, Khadijah S.; Mohamed, Reda M.

2018-04-01

Bi2O3 has 2.4 eV band gap energy, which means it absorb in visible region. Though the photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3 is extremely little due to rapid rate of photogenerated electron-hole recombination. To face the economical and practical needs, the photocatalytic efficiency of Bi2O3 should be upgraded. In this paper, this was achieved by addition of neodymium to Bi2O3 nanosheets and Nd/Bi2O3 nanocomposites were prepared by a easy process at room temperature using a surfactant of Pluronic F127. The Bi2O3 nanosheets and Nd/Bi2O3 nanocomposites were investigated by many tools. The photocatalytic activity of Nd/Bi2O3 samples is better than Bi2O3 due to reduced band gap and reduced electron-hole recombination of Bi2O3 with addition of neodymium. In addition, Nd/Bi2O3 nanocomposites exhibit photocatalytic stability for hydrogen production which enables it to be reused on other occasions also.

Phase equilibria, crystal structure and properties of complex oxides in the Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}–SrO–CoO system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aksenova, T.V.; Efimova, T.G.; Lebedev, O.I.

2017-04-15

The phase equilibria in the ½Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}–SrO–CoO system were systematically studied at 1373 K in air. The intermediate phases formed in the ½Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}–SrO–CoO system at 1373 K in air are: Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-δ} (0.0≤x≤0.5 with orthorhombic structure, sp. gr. Pbnm and 0.6≤x≤0.95 whose structure was detected as cubic according to XRD sp. gr. Pm3m, but shown to be tetragonal by TEM due to the oxygen vacancy ordering), Nd{sub 2-y}Sr{sub y}CoO{sub 4-δ} (0.6≤y≤1.1 with tetragonal K{sub 2}NiF{sub 4}-type structure, sp. gr. I4/mmm) and Nd{sub 2-z}Sr{sub z}O{sub 3} (0.0≤z≤0.15 with hexagonal structure, sp. gr. P-3m1). The unit cellmore » parameters for the single phase samples were refined by the Rietveld analysis. The changes of oxygen content in Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-δ} (0.6≤x≤0.95) and Ruddlesden-Popper oxide Nd{sub 2-y}Sr{sub y}CoO{sub 4-δ} were examined by TGA. All were found to be oxygen deficient phases. High-temperature dilatometry allows calculating the thermal expansion coefficient and evaluating the chemical expansion coefficient at high temperature. The projection of isothermal-isobaric phase diagram for the Nd–Sr–Co–O system at 1373 K in air to the compositional triangle of metallic components has been constructed. The phase equilibria in the studied Nd–Sr–Co–O system were compared to La–Sr–Co–O and Nd–M–Co–O (M=Ca and Ba). - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure of vacancy ordered supercell for Nd{sub 0.2}Sr{sub 0.8}CoO{sub 3-δ} and projection of phase diagram for the Nd–Sr–Co–O system onto the triangle edge of metallic components at 1373 K in air. - Highlights: • The diagram for the Nd–Sr–Co–O system at 1373 K in air has been constructed. • The crystal structure of Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-δ} and Nd{sub 2-y}Sr{sub y}CoO{sub 4±δ} was refined. • The formation of superstructure due to the oxygen vacancy ordering was proved. • The changes of oxygen content in Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-δ} and Nd{sub 2-y}Sr{sub y}CoO{sub 4±δ} were examined. • Thermal expansion and chemical expansion for Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-δ} were evaluated.« less

Nd2-xCexCuO4-y/Nd2-xCexOy boundary and resistive switchings in mesoscopic structures on base of epitaxial Nd1.86Ce0.14CuO4-у films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tulina, N. A.; Rossolenko, A. N.; Ivanov, A. A.; Sirotkin, V. V.; Shmytko, I. M.; Borisenko, I. Yu.; Ionov, A. M.

2016-08-01

Reverse and stable bipolar resistive switching effect (BRSE) was observed in planar Nd2-xCex CuO4-y/Nd2-xCexOx/Ag heterostructure. It was shown that the СVС of the BRSE observed has a diode character. Simulations were used to consider the influence of the nonuniform distribution of an electric field at the interface of a heterojunction on the effect of bipolar resistive switching in investigated structures. The inhomogeneous distribution of the electric field near the contact edge creates regions of higher electric field strength which, in turn, stimulates motion and redistribution of defects, changes of the resistive properties of the whole structure and formation of a percolation channel.

Laser Eye Protection Groupware Application Information System

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-11-01

Q^ Concenlralion ^ Data & Program Res ■>i Excfted Stele Cross-Section ’^> EKtrnction Coefficient ^s Ground Stale Cross-Section ?> Reference...2nd Level (2nd column) 4 Chemical Compound Bio material name 3nd Level (3rd column) 4th Level (4th column) Figure 14A. Reference Date View

[The effect of parent training program on children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders and/or pervasive developmental disorders].

PubMed

Motoyama, Kazunori; Matsuzaka, Tetsuo; Nagaoka, Tamao; Matsuo, Mitsuhiro

2012-07-01

Mothers of 18 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (AD/HD) and 6 with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) underwent a parent training (PT) program. After the program, the Beck Depression Inventory- II (BDI - II) score, which indicates parenting stress, significantly decreased from 15 to 8 (p=0.036). A total of 22 mothers had increased parenting self-esteem, and better parent-child relationships were noted in these cases. An analysis of children's behavior by using Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist showed that introversion tendency, physical failure, aggressive behavior, and extroversion score improved significantly after PT (p<0.05). After PT, out-of-control behaviors improved in 19 children and continued in 5. We conclude that PT for mothers of children with AD/HD and/or high-functioning PDD is effective in improving both the parenting skills of mothers and adaptive behaviors of children.

The development of scientific thinking in elementary school: a comprehensive inventory.

PubMed

Koerber, Susanne; Mayer, Daniela; Osterhaus, Christopher; Schwippert, Knut; Sodian, Beate

2015-01-01

The development of scientific thinking was assessed in 1,581 second, third, and fourth graders (8-, 9-, 10-year-olds) based on a conceptual model that posits developmental progression from naïve to more advanced conceptions. Using a 66-item scale, five components of scientific thinking were addressed, including experimental design, data interpretation, and understanding the nature of science. Unidimensional and multidimensional item response theory analyses supported the instrument's reliability and validity and suggested that the multiple components of scientific thinking form a unitary construct, independent of verbal or reasoning skills. A partial credit model gave evidence for a hierarchical developmental progression. Across each grade transition, advanced conceptions increased while naïve conceptions decreased. Independent effects of intelligence, schooling, and parental education on scientific thinking are discussed. © 2014 The Authors. Child Development © 2014 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

Genetic and environmental variance in content dimensions of the MMPI.

PubMed

Rose, R J

1988-08-01

To evaluate genetic and environmental variance in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), I studied nine factor scales identified in the first item factor analysis of normal adult MMPIs in a sample of 820 adolescent and young adult co-twins. Conventional twin comparisons documented heritable variance in six of the nine MMPI factors (Neuroticism, Psychoticism, Extraversion, Somatic Complaints, Inadequacy, and Cynicism), whereas significant influence from shared environmental experience was found for four factors (Masculinity versus Femininity, Extraversion, Religious Orthodoxy, and Intellectual Interests). Genetic variance in the nine factors was more evident in results from twin sisters than those of twin brothers, and a developmental-genetic analysis, using hierarchical multiple regressions of double-entry matrixes of the twins' raw data, revealed that in four MMPI factor scales, genetic effects were significantly modulated by age or gender or their interaction during the developmental period from early adolescence to early adulthood.