The Ca2+ leak paradox and “rogue ryanodine receptors”: SR Ca2+ efflux theory and practice

PubMed Central

Sobie, Eric A.; Guatimosim, Silvia; Gómez-Viquez, Leticia; Song, Long-Sheng; Hartmann, Hali; Jafri, M. Saleet; Lederer, W.J.

2006-01-01

Ca2+ efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is routed primarily through SR Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors, RyRs). When clusters of RyRs are activated by trigger Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels (dihydropyridine receptors, DHPR), Ca2+ sparks are observed. Close spatial coupling between DHPRs and RyR clusters and the relative insensitivity of RyRs to be triggered by Ca2+ together ensure the stability of this positive-feedback system of Ca2+ amplification. Despite evidence from single channel RyR gating experiments that phosphorylation of RyRs by protein kinase A (PKA) or calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CAMK II) causes an increase in the sensitivity of the RyR to be triggered by [Ca2+]i there is little clear evidence to date showing an increase in Ca2+ spark rate. Indeed, there is some evidence that the SR Ca2+ content may be decreased in hyperadrenergic disease states. The question is whether or not these observations are compatible with each other and with the development of arrhythmogenic extrasystoles that can occur under these conditions. Furthermore, the appearance of an increase in the SR Ca2+ “leak” under these conditions is perplexing. These and related complexities are analyzed and discussed in this report. Using simple mathematical modeling discussed in the context of recent experimental findings, a possible resolution to this paradox is proposed. The resolution depends upon two features of SR function that have not been confirmed directly but are broadly consistent with several lines of indirect evidence: (1) the existence of unclustered or “rogue” RyRs that may respond differently to local [Ca2+]i in diastole and during the [Ca2+]i transient; and (2) a decrease in cooperative or coupled gating between clustered RyRs in response to physiologic phosphorylation or hyperphosphorylation of RyRs in disease states such as heart failure. Taken together, these two features may provide a framework that allows for an improved understanding of cardiac Ca2+ signaling. PMID:16326215

Alternative Splicing of Four Trafficking Genes Regulates Myofiber Structure and Skeletal Muscle Physiology.

PubMed

Giudice, Jimena; Loehr, James A; Rodney, George G; Cooper, Thomas A

2016-11-15

During development, transcriptional and post-transcriptional networks are coordinately regulated to drive organ maturation. Alternative splicing contributes by producing temporal-specific protein isoforms. We previously found that genes undergoing splicing transitions during mouse postnatal heart development are enriched for vesicular trafficking and membrane dynamics functions. Here, we show that adult trafficking isoforms are also expressed in adult skeletal muscle and hypothesize that striated muscle utilizes alternative splicing to generate specific isoforms required for function of adult tissue. We deliver morpholinos into flexor digitorum brevis muscles in adult mice to redirect splicing of four trafficking genes to the fetal isoforms. The splicing switch results in multiple structural and functional defects, including transverse tubule (T-tubule) disruption and dihydropyridine receptor alpha (DHPR) and Ryr1 mislocalization, impairing excitation-contraction coupling, calcium handling, and force generation. The results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for trafficking functions in adult muscle tissue homeostasis and a specific requirement for the adult splice variants. Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Rate-dependent Ca2+ signalling underlying the force-frequency response in rat ventricular myocytes: a coupled electromechanical modeling study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Rate-dependent effects on the Ca2+ sub-system in a rat ventricular myocyte are investigated. Here, we employ a deterministic mathematical model describing various Ca2+ signalling pathways under voltage clamp (VC) conditions, to better understand the important role of calmodulin (CaM) in modulating the key control variables Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMKII), calcineurin (CaN), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as they affect various intracellular targets. In particular, we study the frequency dependence of the peak force generated by the myofilaments, the force-frequency response (FFR). Methods Our cell model incorporates frequency-dependent CaM-mediated spatially heterogenous interaction of CaMKII and CaN with their principal targets (dihydropyridine (DHPR) and ryanodine (RyR) receptors and the SERCA pump). It also accounts for the rate-dependent effects of phospholamban (PLB) on the SERCA pump; the rate-dependent role of cAMP in up-regulation of the L-type Ca2+ channel (ICa,L); and the enhancement in SERCA pump activity via phosphorylation of PLB. Results Our model reproduces positive peak FFR observed in rat ventricular myocytes during voltage-clamp studies both in the presence/absence of cAMP mediated β-adrenergic stimulation. This study provides quantitative insight into the rate-dependence of Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release (CICR) by investigating the frequency-dependence of the trigger current (ICa,L) and RyR-release. It also highlights the relative role of the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and the SERCA pump at higher frequencies, as well as the rate-dependence of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content. A rigorous Ca2+ balance imposed on our investigation of these Ca2+ signalling pathways clarifies their individual roles. Here, we present a coupled electromechanical study emphasizing the rate-dependence of isometric force developed and also investigate the temperature-dependence of FFR. Conclusions Our model provides mechanistic biophysically based explanations for the rate-dependence of CICR, generating useful and testable hypotheses. Although rat ventricular myocytes exhibit a positive peak FFR in the presence/absence of beta-adrenergic stimulation, they show a characteristic increase in the positive slope in FFR due to the presence of Norepinephrine or Isoproterenol. Our study identifies cAMP-mediated stimulation, and rate-dependent CaMKII-mediated up-regulation of ICa,L as the key mechanisms underlying the aforementioned positive FFR. PMID:24020888

Excitation-calcium release uncoupling in aged single human skeletal muscle fibers.

PubMed

Delbono, O; O'Rourke, K S; Ettinger, W H

1995-12-01

The biological mechanisms underlying decline in muscle power and fatigue with age are not completely understood. The contribution of alterations in the excitation-calcium release coupling in single muscle fibers was explored in this work. Single muscle fibers were voltage-clamped using the double Vaseline gap technique. The samples were obtained by needle biopsy of the vastus lateralis (quadriceps) from 9 young (25-35 years; 25.9 +/- 9.1; 5 female and 4 male) and 11 old subjects (65-75 years; 70.5 +/- 2.3; 6 f, 5 m). Data were obtained from 36 and 39 fibers from young and old subjects, respectively. Subjects included in this study had similar physical activity. Denervated and slow-twitch muscle fibers were excluded from this study. A significant reduction of maximum charge movement (Qmax) and DHP-sensitive Ca current were recorded in muscle fibers from the 65-75 group. Qmax values were 7.6 +/- 0.9 and 3.2 +/- 0.3 nC/muF for young and old muscle fibers, respectively (P < 0.01). No evidences of charge inactivation or interconversion (charge 1 to charge 2) were found. The peak Ca current was (-)4.7 +/- 0.08 and (-)2.15 +/- 0.11 muA/muF for young and old fibers, respectively (P < 0.01). The peak calcium transient studied with mag-fura-2 (400 microM) was 6.3 +/- 0.4 microM and 4.2 +/- 0.3 microM for young and old muscle fibers, respectively. Caffeine (0.5 mM) induced potentiation of the peak calcium transient in both groups. The decrease in the voltage-/Ca-dependent Ca release ratio in old fibers (0.18 +/- 0.02) compared to young fibers (0.47 +/- 0.03) (P < 0.01), was recorded in the absence of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium depletion. These data support a significant reduction of the amount of Ca available for triggering mechanical responses in aged skeletal muscle and, the reduction of Ca release is due to DHPR-ryanodine receptor uncoupling in fast-twitch fibers. These alterations can account, at least partially for the skeletal muscle function impairment associated with aging.

Possible involvement of tetrahydrobiopterin in the disturbance of redox homeostasis in sepsis - Induced brain dysfunction.

PubMed

Gamal, Maha; Moawad, Jackline; Rashed, Laila; Morcos, Mary Attia; Sharawy, Nivin

2018-04-15

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ) is an essential co-factor that regulates nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). In this study, we evaluated the effects of sepsis on BH 4 level and redox status in the brain by using the rat model of sepsis-induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and examined whether BH 4 and/or acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) could prevent the neuronal apoptosis and neurological changes induced by sepsis. Male albino rats were randomly and blindly divided into 8 groups: sham, sham + BH 4 , sham + ALC, sham +BH 4 + ALC, CLP, CLP + BH 4 , CLP + ALC, and CLP+BH 4 + ALC. We measured neurological indicators, brain levels of BH 4 , guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTPCH), sepiapterin reductase (SR) and dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) genes expression (Essential enzymes in BH 4 biosynthesis and recycling pathways). We investigated also brain redox status and both endothelial and inducible NOS expressions. Brain of septic rats demonstrated a reduced BH 4 bioavailability, downregulation of BH 4 synthetic enzymes, increased production of hydrogen peroxide and impaired antioxidant enzymes activities. Treatments with BH 4 and/or ALC increased BH 4 level, upregulated BH 4 synthetic enzymes expressions, and attenuated oxidative-induced neuronal apoptosis. Our results suggest that BH 4 and/or ALC might protect the brain against oxidative stress induced neuronal apoptosis by restoring bioavailability of BH 4 and upregulating of BH 4 synthetic enzymes in the brain during sepsis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The elusive role of the SPRY2 domain in RyR1

PubMed Central

Willemse, Hermia; Mirza, Shamaruh; Gallant, Esther M; Board, Philip G

2011-01-01

The second of three SPRY domains (SPRY2, S1085-V1208) located in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is contained within regions of RyR1 that influence EC coupling and bind to imperatoxin A, a toxin probe of RyR1 channel gating. We examined the binding of the F loop (P1107-A1121) in SPRY2 to the ASI/basic region in RyR1 (T3471-G3500, containing both alternatively spliced (ASI) residues and neighboring basic amino acids). We then investigated the possible influence of this interaction on excitation contraction (EC) coupling. A peptide with the F loop sequence and an antibody to the SPRY2 domain each enhanced RyR1 activity at low concentrations and inhibited at higher concentrations. A peptide containing the ASI/basic sequence bound to SPRY2 and binding decreased ∼10-fold following mutation or structural disruption of the basic residues. Binding was abolished by mutation of three critical acidic F loop residues. Together these results suggest that the ASI/basic and SPRY2 domains interact in an F loop regulatory module. Although a region that includes the SPRY2 domain influences EC coupling, as does the ASI/basic region, Ca2+ release during ligand- and depolarization-induced RyR1 activation were not altered by mutation of the three critical F loop residues following expression of mutant RyR1 in RyR1-null myotubes. Therefore the electrostatic regulatory interaction between the SPRY2 F loop residues (that bind to imperatoxin A) and the ASI/basic residues of RyR1 does not influence bi-directional DHPR-RyR1 signaling during skeletal EC coupling, possibly because the interaction is interrupted by the influence of factors present in intact muscle cells. PMID:21239886

Decreased intracellular [Ca2+ ] coincides with reduced expression of Dhprα1s, RyR1, and diaphragmatic dysfunction in a rat model of sepsis.

PubMed

Wang, Meng-Meng; Hao, Li-Ying; Guo, Feng; Zhong, Bin; Zhong, Xiao-Mei; Yuan, Jing; Hao, Yi-Fei; Zhao, Shuang; Sun, Xue-Fei; Lei, Ming; Jiao, Guang-Yu

2017-12-01

Sepsis can cause decreased diaphragmatic contractility. Intracellular calcium as a second messenger is central to diaphragmatic contractility. However, changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]) and the distribution and co-localization of relevant calcium channels [dihydropyridine receptors, (DHPRα1s) and ryanodine receptors (RyR1)] remain unclear during sepsis. In this study we investigated the effect of changed intracellular [Ca 2+ ] and expression and distribution of DHPRα1s and RyR1 on diaphragm function during sepsis. We measured diaphragm contractility and isolated diaphragm muscle cells in a rat model of sepsis. The distribution and co-localization of DHPRα1s and RyR1 were determined using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, whereas intracellular [Ca 2+ ] was measured by confocal microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Septic rat diaphragm contractility, expression of DHPRα1s and RyR1, and intracellular [Ca 2+ ] were significantly decreased in the rat sepsis model compared with controls. Decreased intracellular [Ca 2+ ] coincides with diaphragmatic contractility and decreased expression of DHPRα1s and RyR1 in sepsis. Muscle Nerve 56: 1128-1136, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Localized nuclear and perinuclear Ca(2+) signals in intact mouse skeletal muscle fibers.

PubMed

Georgiev, Tihomir; Svirin, Mikhail; Jaimovich, Enrique; Fink, Rainer H A

2015-01-01

Nuclear Ca(2+) is important for the regulation of several nuclear processes such as gene expression. Localized Ca(2+) signals (LCSs) in skeletal muscle fibers of mice have been mainly studied as Ca(2+) release events from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Their location with regard to cell nuclei has not been investigated. Our study is based on the hypothesis that LCSs associated with nuclei are present in skeletal muscle fibers of adult mice. Therefore, we carried out experiments addressing this question and we found novel Ca(2+) signals associated with nuclei of skeletal muscle fibers (with possibly attached satellite cells). We measured localized nuclear and perinuclear Ca(2+) signals (NLCSs and PLCSs) alongside cytosolic localized Ca(2+) signals (CLCSs) during a hypertonic treatment. We also observed NLCSs under isotonic conditions. The NLCSs and PLCSs are Ca(2+) signals in the range of micrometer [FWHM (full width at half maximum): 2.75 ± 0.27 μm (NLCSs) and 2.55 ± 0.17 μm (PLCSs), S.E.M.]. Additionally, global nuclear Ca(2+) signals (NGCSs) were observed. To investigate which type of Ca(2+) channels contribute to the Ca(2+) signals associated with nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers, we performed measurements with the RyR blocker dantrolene, the DHPR blocker nifedipine or the IP3R blocker Xestospongin C. We observed Ca(2+) signals associated with nuclei in the presence of each blocker. Nifedipine and dantrolene had an inhibitory effect on the fraction of fibers with PLCSs. The situation for the fraction of fibers with NLCSs is more complex indicating that RyR is less important for the generation of NLCSs compared to the generation of PLCSs. The fraction of fibers with NLCSs and PLCSs is not reduced in the presence of Xestospongin C. The localized perinuclear and intranuclear Ca(2+) signals may be a powerful tool for the cell to regulate adaptive processes as gene expression. The intranuclear Ca(2+) signals may be particularly interesting in this respect.

The effect of taurine and β-alanine supplementation on taurine transporter protein and fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from mdx mice.

PubMed

Horvath, Deanna M; Murphy, Robyn M; Mollica, Janelle P; Hayes, Alan; Goodman, Craig A

2016-11-01

This study investigated the effect of taurine and β-alanine supplementation on muscle function and muscle taurine transporter (TauT) protein expression in mdx mice. Wild-type (WT) and mdx mice (5 months) were supplemented with taurine or β-alanine for 4 weeks, after which in vitro contractile properties, fatigue resistance and force recovery, and the expression of the TauT protein and proteins involved in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling were examined in fast-twitch muscle. There was no difference in basal TauT protein expression or basal taurine content between mdx than WT muscle. Supplementation with taurine and β-alanine increased and reduced taurine content, respectively, in muscle from WT and mdx mice but had no effect of TauT protein. Taurine supplementation reduced body and muscle mass, and enhanced fatigue resistance and force recovery in mdx muscle. β-Alanine supplementation enhanced fatigue resistance in WT and mdx muscle. There was no difference in the basal expression of key E-C coupling proteins [ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase 1 (SERCA1) or calsequestrin 1 (CSQ1)] between WT and mdx mice, and the expression of these proteins was not altered by taurine or β-alanine supplementation. These findings suggest that TauT protein expression is relatively insensitive to changes in muscle taurine content in WT and mdx mice, and that taurine and β-alanine supplementation may be viable therapeutic strategies to improve fatigue resistance of dystrophic skeletal muscle.

Raised intracellular [Ca2+] abolishes excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibres of rat and toad.

PubMed Central

Lamb, G D; Junankar, P R; Stephenson, D G

1995-01-01

1. Raising the intracellular [Ca2+] for 10 s at 23 degrees C abolished depolarization-induced force responses in mechanically skinned muscle fibres of toad and rat (half-maximal effect at 10 and 23 microM, respectively), without affecting the ability of caffeine or low [Mg2+] to open the ryanodine receptor (RyR)/Ca2+ release channels. Thus, excitation-contraction coupling was lost, even though the Ca2+ release channels were still functional. Coupling could not be restored in the duration of an experiment (up to 1 h). 2. The Ca(2+)-dependent uncoupling had a Q10 > 3.5, and was three times slower at pH 5.8 than at pH 7.1. Sr2+ caused similar uncoupling at twenty times higher concentration, but Mg2+, even at 10 mM, was ineffective. Uncoupling was not noticeably affected by removal of ATP or application of protein kinase or phosphatase inhibitors. 3. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the transverse tubular system was sealed in its entirety in mechanically skinned fibres and that its integrity was maintained in uncoupled fibres. Electron microscopy revealed distorted or severed triad junctions and Z-line aberrations in uncoupled fibres. 4. Only when uncoupling was induced at a relatively slow rate (e.g. over 60 s with 2.5 microM Ca2+) could it be prevented by the protease inhibitor leupeptin (1 mM). Immunostaining of Western blots showed no evidence of proteolysis of the RyR, the alpha 1-subunit of dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) or triadin in uncoupled fibres. 5. Fibres which, whilst intact, were stimulated repeatedly by potassium depolarization with simultaneous application of 30 mM caffeine showed reduced responsiveness after skinning to depolarization but not to caffeine. Rapid release of endogenous Ca2+, or raised [Ca2+] under conditions which minimized the loss of endogenous diffusible myoplasmic molecules from the skinned fibre, caused complete uncoupling. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca(2+)-dependent uncoupling can also occur in intact fibres. 6. This Ca(2+)-dependent loss of depolarization-induced Ca2+ release may play an important feedback role in muscle by stopping Ca2+ release in localized areas where it is excessive and may be responsible for long-lasting muscle fatigue after severe exercise, as well as contributing to muscle weakness in various dystrophies. Images Figure 1 Figure 7 Figure 9 PMID:8847631

[Dynamics of aquic brown soil enzyme activities under no-tillage].

PubMed

Liu, Xiumei; Li, Qi; Liang, Wenju; Jiang, Yong; Wen, Dazhong

2006-12-01

This paper studied the effects of no-tillage on the dynamics of invertase, urease and acid phosphatase activities in an aquic brown soil during maize growing season. The results showed that in 0 - 10 cm soil layer, the invertase activity at jointing, trumpet-shaped and ripening stages, urease activity at jointing and booting stages, and acid phosphatase activity at booting and ripening stages were significantly higher under no-tillage (NT) than under conventional tillage (CT). In 10 - 20 cm soil layer, the invertase activity at seedling, jointing and trumpet-shaped stages was significantly different between NT and CT, and the urease activity during whole growing season except at booting stage was significantly higher under NT than under CT. In 20 - 30 cm soil layer, the invertase activity during maize growing season was significantly lower under NT than under CT, and urease activity at seedling stage and acid phosphate activity at ripening stage were significantly different between these two treatments. Under NT, there was a decreasing trend of soil enzyme activities with increasing soil depth; while under CT, soil invertase and acid phosphatase activities increased, but urease activity decreased with increasing soil depth.

20 CFR 404.1325 - Separation from active service under conditions other than dishonorable.

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2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Separation from active service under... of the Uniformed Services Separation from Active Service § 404.1325 Separation from active service under conditions other than dishonorable. Separation from active service under conditions other than...

20 CFR 404.1325 - Separation from active service under conditions other than dishonorable.

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2014-04-01

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20 CFR 404.1325 - Separation from active service under conditions other than dishonorable.

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2012-04-01

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20 CFR 404.1325 - Separation from active service under conditions other than dishonorable.

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20 CFR 404.1325 - Separation from active service under conditions other than dishonorable.

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24 CFR 1000.501 - Who is involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA?

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2011-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.501 Who is involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA? The recipient, the grant beneficiary and HUD are involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA. ...

24 CFR 1000.501 - Who is involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA?

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2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.501 Who is involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA? The recipient, the grant beneficiary and HUD are involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA. ...

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..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.501 Who is involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA? The recipient, the grant beneficiary and HUD are involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA. ...

24 CFR 1000.501 - Who is involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA?

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..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.501 Who is involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA? The recipient, the grant beneficiary and HUD are involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA. ...

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..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.501 Who is involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA? The recipient, the grant beneficiary and HUD are involved in monitoring activities under NAHASDA. ...

30 CFR 251.8 - Inspection and reporting requirements for activities under a permit.

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2011-07-01

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30 CFR 551.7 - Test drilling activities under a permit.

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30 CFR 251.7 - Test drilling activities under a permit.

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25 CFR 224.65 - How may a tribe assume additional activities under a TERA?

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30 CFR 285.614 - When may I begin conducting activities under my approved SAP?

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34 CFR 403.70 - How must funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

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34 CFR 403.70 - How must funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

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34 CFR 403.70 - How must funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

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34 CFR 403.70 - How must funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

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34 CFR 403.70 - How must funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

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34 CFR 403.71 - In what additional ways may funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

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45 CFR 287.120 - What work activities may be provided under the NEW Program?

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2011-10-01

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40 CFR 270.230 - May I perform remediation waste management activities under a RAP at a location removed from the...

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34 CFR 403.71 - In what additional ways may funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

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2011-07-01

... State Programs and State Leadership Activities? 403.71 Section 403.71 Education Regulations of the... Secretary Assist Under the Basic Programs? State Programs and State Leadership Activities § 403.71 In what additional ways may funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities? In addition to...

34 CFR 403.71 - In what additional ways may funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

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2013-07-01

... State Programs and State Leadership Activities? 403.71 Section 403.71 Education Regulations of the... Secretary Assist Under the Basic Programs? State Programs and State Leadership Activities § 403.71 In what additional ways may funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities? In addition to...

34 CFR 403.71 - In what additional ways may funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

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2012-07-01

... State Programs and State Leadership Activities? 403.71 Section 403.71 Education Regulations of the... Secretary Assist Under the Basic Programs? State Programs and State Leadership Activities § 403.71 In what additional ways may funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities? In addition to...

34 CFR 403.71 - In what additional ways may funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... State Programs and State Leadership Activities? 403.71 Section 403.71 Education Regulations of the... Secretary Assist Under the Basic Programs? State Programs and State Leadership Activities § 403.71 In what additional ways may funds be used under the State Programs and State Leadership Activities? In addition to...

Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts on Multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under Reduced Oxygen Conditions Using Intracellular and Axenic Assays

PubMed Central

Bhatter, Purva D.; Gupta, Pooja D.; Birdi, Tannaz J.

2016-01-01

Aim. Test the activity of selected medicinal plant extracts on multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under reduced oxygen concentration which represents nonreplicating conditions. Material and Methods. Acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of the plants Acorus calamus L. (rhizome), Ocimum sanctum L. (leaf), Piper nigrum L. (seed), and Pueraria tuberosa DC. (tuber) were tested on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv intracellularly using an epithelial cell (A549) infection model. The extracts found to be active intracellularly were further studied axenically under reducing oxygen concentrations. Results and Conclusions. Intracellular multiplication was inhibited ≥60% by five of the twelve extracts. Amongst these 5 extracts, in axenic culture, P. nigrum (acetone) was active under aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic conditions indicating presence of multiple components acting at different levels and P. tuberosa (aqueous) showed bactericidal activity under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions implying the influence of anaerobiosis on its efficacy. P. nigrum (aqueous) and A. calamus (aqueous and ethanol) extracts were not active under axenic conditions but only inhibited intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting activation of host defense mechanisms to mediate bacterial killing rather than direct bactericidal activity. PMID:26941797

Does modulation of selective attention to features reflect enhancement or suppression of neural activity?

PubMed

Daffner, Kirk R; Zhuravleva, Tatyana Y; Sun, Xue; Tarbi, Elise C; Haring, Anna E; Rentz, Dorene M; Holcomb, Phillip J

2012-02-01

Numerous studies have demonstrated that selective attention to color is associated with a larger neural response under attend than ignore conditions, but have not addressed whether this difference reflects enhanced activity under attend or suppressed activity under ignore. In this study, a color-neutral condition was included, which presented stimuli physically identical to those under attend and ignore conditions, but in which color was not task relevant. Attention to color did not modulate the early sensory-evoked P1 and N1 components. Traditional ERP markers of early selection (the anterior Selection Positivity and posterior Selection Negativity) did not differ between the attend and neutral conditions, arguing against a mechanism of enhanced activity. However, there were markedly reduced responses under the ignore relative to the neutral condition, consistent with the view that early selection mechanisms reflect suppression of neural activity under the ignore condition. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 727.5 - Persons eligible for assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., members of Reserve Components following release from active duty under a call or order to active duty for... the period served on active duty under that call or order to active duty, and in overseas areas... benefit of active duty personnel during active service, including reservists (and members of the National...

32 CFR 727.5 - Persons eligible for assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., members of Reserve Components following release from active duty under a call or order to active duty for... the period served on active duty under that call or order to active duty, and in overseas areas... benefit of active duty personnel during active service, including reservists (and members of the National...

34 CFR 380.5 - What activities may the Secretary fund under community-based supported employment projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the Secretary fund under community-based supported employment projects? (a) Authorized activities. The following activities are authorized under community-based projects: (1) Job search assistance. (2) Job... Community-Based Supported Employment projects for the provision of extended supported employment services...

Reduced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activities and lignin synthesis in wheat grown under low pressure sodium lamps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guerra, D.; Anderson, A. J.; Salisbury, F. B.

1985-01-01

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fremont) grown in hydroponic culture under 24-hour continuous irradiation at 560 to 580 micromoles per square meter per second from either metalhalide (MH), high pressure sodium (HPS), or low pressure sodium (LPS) lamps reached maturity in 70 days. Grain yields were similar under all three lamps, although LPS-grown plants lodged at maturity. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and a tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) with lesser activity were detected in all extracts of leaf, inflorescence, and stem. Ammonia-lyase activities increased with age of the plant, and plants grown under the LPS lamp displayed PAL and TAL activities lower than wheat cultured under MH and HPS radiation. Greenhouse solar-grown wheat had the highest PAL and TAL activities. Lignin content of LPS-grown wheat was also significantly reduced from that of plants grown under MH or HPS lamps or in the greenhouse, showing a correlation with the reduced PAL and TAL activities. Ratios of far red-absorbing phytochrome to total phytochrome were similar for all three lamps, but the data do not yet warrant a conclusion about specific wavelengths missing from the LPS lamps that might have induced PAL and TAL activities in plants under the other lamps.

76 FR 26750 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Documentation Requirements for Articles Entered Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-09

... Activities: Documentation Requirements for Articles Entered Under Various Special Tariff Treatment Provisions...: Documentation Requirements for Articles Entered Under Various Special Tariff Treatment Provisions. This request... collection: Title: Documentation Requirements for Articles Entered Under Various Special Tariff Treatment...

76 FR 39416 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Documentation Requirements for Articles Entered Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

... Activities: Documentation Requirements for Articles Entered Under Various Special Tariff Treatment Provisions... accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act: Documentation Requirements for Articles Entered Under Various... techniques or other forms of information. Title: Documentation Requirements for Articles Entered Under...

Tidal, daily, and lunar-day activity cycles in the marine polychaete Nereis virens.

PubMed

Last, Kim S; Bailhache, Thierry; Kramer, Cas; Kyriacou, Charalambos P; Rosato, Ezio; Olive, Peter J W

2009-02-01

The burrow emergence activity of the wild caught ragworm Nereis virens Sars associated with food prospecting was investigated under various photoperiodic (LD) and simulated tidal cycles (STC) using a laboratory based actograph. Just over half (57%) of the animals under LD with STC displayed significant tidal (approximately 12.4 h) and/or lunar-day (approximately 24.8 h) activity patterns. Under constant light (LL) plus a STC, 25% of all animals were tidal, while one animal responded with a circadian (24.2 h) activity rhythm suggestive of cross-modal entrainment where the environmental stimulus of one period entrains rhythmic behavior of a different period. All peaks of activity under a STC, apart from that of the individual cross-modal entrainment case, coincided with the period of tank flooding. Under only LD without a STC, 49% of the animals showed nocturnal (approximately 24 h) activity. When animals were maintained under free-running LL conditions, 15% displayed significant rhythmicity with circatidal and circadian/circalunidian periodicities. Although activity cycles in N. virens at the population level are robust, at the individual level they are particularly labile, suggesting complex biological clock-control with multiple clock output pathways.

[The opportunity to use combined stem cells transplantation for haemopoesis activation in the old and mature laboratory animals under the conditions of ionizing radiation].

PubMed

Grebnev, D Iu; Maklakova, I Iu; Iastrebov, A P

2014-01-01

The objective of this work was to study the influence of combined transplantation of stem cells (multypotent mesenchimal stromal and haemopoetic stem cells) on the haemopoesis of old and mature laboratory animals under the condition of ionizing radiation. The result of the experiment shows that under physiological conditions the combined transplantation brings the erithropoesis activation, under the ionizing radiation conditions it brings the erythroid and granulocytopoesis activation. Moreover the combined MMSC and HSC transplantation gives cytoprotective action on the myeloid tissue due to decrease of cyto genically changed cells in the mature animals under the condition of ionizing radiation, but in the old animals this effect can be seen even under physiological condition. Combined transplantation of MMSC and GSC can be used in the mature and old laboratory animals under the conditions of ionising radiation for the haemopoesis activation.

Fosfomycin and Tobramycin in Combination Downregulate Nitrate Reductase Genes narG and narH, Resulting in Increased Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Anaerobic Conditions

PubMed Central

McCaughey, Gerard; Gilpin, Deirdre F.; Schneiders, Thamarai; Hoffman, Lucas R.; McKevitt, Matt; Elborn, J. Stuart

2013-01-01

The activity of aminoglycosides, which are used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, is reduced under the anaerobic conditions that reflect the CF lung in vivo. In contrast, a 4:1 (wt/wt) combination of fosfomycin and tobramycin (F:T), which is under investigation for use in the treatment of CF lung infection, has increased activity against P. aeruginosa under anaerobic conditions. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the increased activity of F:T under anaerobic conditions. Microarray analysis was used to identify the transcriptional basis of increased F:T activity under anaerobic conditions, and key findings were confirmed by microbiological tests, including nitrate utilization assays, growth curves, and susceptibility testing. Notably, growth in subinhibitory concentrations of F:T, but not tobramycin or fosfomycin alone, significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) nitrate reductase genes narG and narH, which are essential for normal anaerobic growth of P. aeruginosa. Under anaerobic conditions, F:T significantly decreased (P < 0.001) nitrate utilization in P. aeruginosa strains PAO1, PA14, and PA14 lasR::Gm, a mutant known to exhibit increased nitrate utilization. A similar effect was observed with two clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Growth curves indicate that nitrate reductase transposon mutants had reduced growth under anaerobic conditions, with these mutants also having increased susceptibility to F:T compared to the wild type under similar conditions. The results of this study suggest that downregulation of nitrate reductase genes resulting in reduced nitrate utilization is the mechanism underlying the increased activity of F:T under anaerobic conditions. PMID:23959314

42 CFR 137.88 - May the Secretary reduce the amount of funds required under Title V to pay for Federal functions...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... retirement benefits, automated data processing, technical assistance, and monitoring of activities under the..., technical assistance, and monitoring of activities under the Act? No, the Secretary may not reduce the... employee retirement benefits, automated data processing, technical assistance, and monitoring of activities...

42 CFR 137.88 - May the Secretary reduce the amount of funds required under Title V to pay for Federal functions...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... retirement benefits, automated data processing, technical assistance, and monitoring of activities under the..., technical assistance, and monitoring of activities under the Act? No, the Secretary may not reduce the... employee retirement benefits, automated data processing, technical assistance, and monitoring of activities...

42 CFR 137.88 - May the Secretary reduce the amount of funds required under Title V to pay for Federal functions...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... retirement benefits, automated data processing, technical assistance, and monitoring of activities under the..., technical assistance, and monitoring of activities under the Act? No, the Secretary may not reduce the... employee retirement benefits, automated data processing, technical assistance, and monitoring of activities...

42 CFR 137.88 - May the Secretary reduce the amount of funds required under Title V to pay for Federal functions...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... retirement benefits, automated data processing, technical assistance, and monitoring of activities under the..., technical assistance, and monitoring of activities under the Act? No, the Secretary may not reduce the... employee retirement benefits, automated data processing, technical assistance, and monitoring of activities...

25 CFR 224.80 - Under what authority will a tribe perform activities for energy resource development?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... energy resource development? 224.80 Section 224.80 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ENERGY AND MINERALS TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS UNDER THE INDIAN TRIBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT... development? A tribe will perform activities for energy resource development activities undertaken under a...

30 CFR 585.631 - When must I initiate activities under an approved COP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... approved COP? 585.631 Section 585.631 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF... CONTINENTAL SHELF Plans and Information Requirements Activities Under An Approved Cop § 585.631 When must I initiate activities under an approved COP? After your COP is approved, you must commence construction by...

30 CFR 285.631 - When must I initiate activities under an approved COP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... approved COP? 285.631 Section 285.631 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans and Information Requirements Activities Under An Approved Cop § 285.631 When must I initiate activities under an approved COP? After your COP is approved, you must commence construction by the date...

30 CFR 285.631 - When must I initiate activities under an approved COP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... approved COP? 285.631 Section 285.631 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, REGULATION, AND... OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Plans and Information Requirements Activities Under An Approved Cop § 285.631 When must I initiate activities under an approved COP? After your COP is approved, you must commence...

30 CFR 585.631 - When must I initiate activities under an approved COP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... approved COP? 585.631 Section 585.631 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF... CONTINENTAL SHELF Plans and Information Requirements Activities Under An Approved Cop § 585.631 When must I initiate activities under an approved COP? After your COP is approved, you must commence construction by...

30 CFR 585.631 - When must I initiate activities under an approved COP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... approved COP? 585.631 Section 585.631 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF... CONTINENTAL SHELF Plans and Information Requirements Activities Under An Approved Cop § 585.631 When must I initiate activities under an approved COP? After your COP is approved, you must commence construction by...

43 CFR 3192.12 - What activities may Tribes or States perform under cooperative agreements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false What activities may Tribes or States perform under cooperative agreements? 3192.12 Section 3192.12 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating... Cooperative Agreements § 3192.12 What activities may Tribes or States perform under cooperative agreements...

43 CFR 3192.12 - What activities may Tribes or States perform under cooperative agreements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What activities may Tribes or States perform under cooperative agreements? 3192.12 Section 3192.12 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating... Cooperative Agreements § 3192.12 What activities may Tribes or States perform under cooperative agreements...

24 CFR 964.315 - HAs role in activities under this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false HAs role in activities under this... URBAN DEVELOPMENT TENANT PARTICIPATION AND TENANT OPPORTUNITIES IN PUBLIC HOUSING Family Investment Centers (FIC) Program § 964.315 HAs role in activities under this part. The HAs shall develop a process...

24 CFR 964.315 - HAs role in activities under this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false HAs role in activities under this... URBAN DEVELOPMENT TENANT PARTICIPATION AND TENANT OPPORTUNITIES IN PUBLIC HOUSING Family Investment Centers (FIC) Program § 964.315 HAs role in activities under this part. The HAs shall develop a process...

24 CFR 964.315 - HAs role in activities under this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false HAs role in activities under this... URBAN DEVELOPMENT TENANT PARTICIPATION AND TENANT OPPORTUNITIES IN PUBLIC HOUSING Family Investment Centers (FIC) Program § 964.315 HAs role in activities under this part. The HAs shall develop a process...

24 CFR 964.315 - HAs role in activities under this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false HAs role in activities under this... URBAN DEVELOPMENT TENANT PARTICIPATION AND TENANT OPPORTUNITIES IN PUBLIC HOUSING Family Investment Centers (FIC) Program § 964.315 HAs role in activities under this part. The HAs shall develop a process...

24 CFR 964.315 - HAs role in activities under this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false HAs role in activities under this... URBAN DEVELOPMENT TENANT PARTICIPATION AND TENANT OPPORTUNITIES IN PUBLIC HOUSING Family Investment Centers (FIC) Program § 964.315 HAs role in activities under this part. The HAs shall develop a process...

26 CFR 1.469-9 - Rules for certain rental real estate activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) of this section. Instead, a rental real estate activity of a qualifying taxpayer is a passive... passive activity rules under section 469(f) and the disposition rules under section 469(g). However... required under section 469(k), notwithstanding the rules of this section. (2) Treatment as a former passive...

30 CFR 251.8 - Inspection and reporting requirements for activities under a permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... activities. You must allow MMS representatives to inspect your exploration or scientific research activities... final report of exploration or scientific research activities under a permit within 30 days after the... and blocks in which any exploration or permitted scientific research activities were conducted...

30 CFR 285.652 - How long do I have to conduct activities under an approved GAP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... an approved GAP? 285.652 Section 285.652 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... SHELF Plans and Information Requirements Activities Under An Approved Gap § 285.652 How long do I have to conduct activities under an approved GAP? After MMS approves your GAP, you have: (a) For a limited...

30 CFR 285.652 - How long do I have to conduct activities under an approved GAP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... an approved GAP? 285.652 Section 285.652 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT... FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Plans and Information Requirements Activities Under An Approved Gap § 285.652 How long do I have to conduct activities under an approved GAP? After MMS approves your GAP...

75 FR 47608 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Application for Exportation of Articles under Special Bond

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-06

... Activities: Application for Exportation of Articles under Special Bond AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border... information collection requirement concerning the: Application for Exportation of Articles under Special Bond... information collection: Title: Application for Exportation of Articles under Special Bond. OMB Number: 1651...

77 FR 50520 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Application for Regional Center Under the Immigrant...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-21

...-0061] Agency Information Collection Activities: Application for Regional Center Under the Immigrant... collection. (2) Title of the Form/Collection: Application for Regional Center under the Immigrant Investor... behalf of an entity under the Immigrant Investor Pilot Program. (5) An estimate of the total number of...

Elevated temperature altered photosynthetic products in wheat seedlings and organic compounds and biological activity in rhizopshere soil under cadmium stress.

PubMed

Jia, Xia; Zhao, YongHua; Wang, WenKe; He, Yunhua

2015-09-23

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of slightly elevated atmospheric temperature in the spring on photosynthetic products in wheat seedlings and on organic compounds and biological activity in rhizosphere soil under cadmium (Cd) stress. Elevated temperature was associated with increased soluble sugars, reducing sugars, starch, and total sugars, and with decreased amino acids in wheat seedlings under Cd stress. Elevated temperature improved total soluble sugars, free amino acids, soluble phenolic acids, and organic acids in rhizosphere soil under Cd stress. The activity of amylase, phenol oxidase, invertase, β-glucosidase, and l-asparaginase in rhizosphere soil was significantly improved by elevated temperature under Cd stress; while cellulase, neutral phosphatase, and urease activity significantly decreased. Elevated temperature significantly improved bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and total microorganisms abundance and fluorescein diacetate activity under Cd stress. In conclusion, slightly elevated atmospheric temperature in the spring improved the carbohydrate levels in wheat seedlings and organic compounds and biological activity in rhizosphere soil under Cd stress in the short term. In addition, elevated atmospheric temperature in the spring stimulated available Cd by affecting pH, DOC, phenolic acids, and organic acids in rhizosphere soil, which resulted in the improvement of the Cd uptake by wheat seedlings.

Elevated temperature altered photosynthetic products in wheat seedlings and organic compounds and biological activity in rhizopshere soil under cadmium stress

PubMed Central

Jia, Xia; Zhao, YongHua; Wang, WenKe; He, Yunhua

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of slightly elevated atmospheric temperature in the spring on photosynthetic products in wheat seedlings and on organic compounds and biological activity in rhizosphere soil under cadmium (Cd) stress. Elevated temperature was associated with increased soluble sugars, reducing sugars, starch, and total sugars, and with decreased amino acids in wheat seedlings under Cd stress. Elevated temperature improved total soluble sugars, free amino acids, soluble phenolic acids, and organic acids in rhizosphere soil under Cd stress. The activity of amylase, phenol oxidase, invertase, β-glucosidase, and l-asparaginase in rhizosphere soil was significantly improved by elevated temperature under Cd stress; while cellulase, neutral phosphatase, and urease activity significantly decreased. Elevated temperature significantly improved bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and total microorganisms abundance and fluorescein diacetate activity under Cd stress. In conclusion, slightly elevated atmospheric temperature in the spring improved the carbohydrate levels in wheat seedlings and organic compounds and biological activity in rhizosphere soil under Cd stress in the short term. In addition, elevated atmospheric temperature in the spring stimulated available Cd by affecting pH, DOC, phenolic acids, and organic acids in rhizosphere soil, which resulted in the improvement of the Cd uptake by wheat seedlings. PMID:26395070

Elevated temperature altered photosynthetic products in wheat seedlings and organic compounds and biological activity in rhizopshere soil under cadmium stress

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Xia; Zhao, Yonghua; Wang, Wenke; He, Yunhua

2015-09-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of slightly elevated atmospheric temperature in the spring on photosynthetic products in wheat seedlings and on organic compounds and biological activity in rhizosphere soil under cadmium (Cd) stress. Elevated temperature was associated with increased soluble sugars, reducing sugars, starch, and total sugars, and with decreased amino acids in wheat seedlings under Cd stress. Elevated temperature improved total soluble sugars, free amino acids, soluble phenolic acids, and organic acids in rhizosphere soil under Cd stress. The activity of amylase, phenol oxidase, invertase, β-glucosidase, and L-asparaginase in rhizosphere soil was significantly improved by elevated temperature under Cd stress; while cellulase, neutral phosphatase, and urease activity significantly decreased. Elevated temperature significantly improved bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and total microorganisms abundance and fluorescein diacetate activity under Cd stress. In conclusion, slightly elevated atmospheric temperature in the spring improved the carbohydrate levels in wheat seedlings and organic compounds and biological activity in rhizosphere soil under Cd stress in the short term. In addition, elevated atmospheric temperature in the spring stimulated available Cd by affecting pH, DOC, phenolic acids, and organic acids in rhizosphere soil, which resulted in the improvement of the Cd uptake by wheat seedlings.

26 CFR 1.469-9 - Rules for certain rental real estate activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... activity of a qualifying taxpayer is a passive activity under section 469 for the taxable year unless the... purposes of section 469, including the former passive activity rules under section 469(f) and the... of this section. (2) Treatment as a former passive activity. For any taxable year in which a...

Suppressed translation as a mechanism of initiation of CASP8 (caspase 8)-dependent apoptosis in autophagy-deficient NSCLC cells under nutrient limitation.

PubMed

Allavena, Giulia; Cuomo, Francesca; Baumgartner, Georg; Bele, Tadeja; Sellgren, Alexander Yarar; Oo, Kyaw Soe; Johnson, Kaylee; Gogvadze, Vladimir; Zhivotovsky, Boris; Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O

2018-01-01

Macroautophagy/autophagy inhibition under stress conditions is often associated with increased cell death. We found that under nutrient limitation, activation of CASP8/caspase-8 was significantly increased in autophagy-deficient lung cancer cells, which precedes mitochondria outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), CYCS/cytochrome c release, and activation of CASP9/caspase-9, indicating that under such conditions the activation of CASP8 is a primary event in the initiation of apoptosis as well as essential to reduce clonogenic survival of autophagy-deficient cells. Starvation leads to suppression of CFLAR proteosynthesis and accumulation of CASP8 in SQSTM1 puncta. Overexpression of CFLARs reduces CASP8 activation and apoptosis during starvation, while its silencing promotes efficient activation of CASP8 and apoptosis in autophagy-deficient U1810 lung cancer cells even under nutrient-rich conditions. Similar to starvation, inhibition of protein translation leads to efficient activation of CASP8 and cell death in autophagy-deficient lung cancer cells. Thus, here for the first time we report that suppressed translation leads to activation of CASP8-dependent apoptosis in autophagy-deficient NSCLC cells under conditions of nutrient limitation. Our data suggest that targeting translational machinery can be beneficial for elimination of autophagy-deficient cells via the CASP8-dependent apoptotic pathway.

17 CFR Appendix B to Part 75 - Enhanced Minimum Standards for Compliance Programs

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... documentation for market making-related activities conducted in reliance on § 75.4(b) and for hedging activity... activities; iii. The mission (i.e., the type of trading activity, such as market-making, trading in sovereign... market making-related activities under § 75.4 or risk-mitigating hedging activities under § 75.5 so that...

20 CFR 641.640 - How do the private sector training activities authorized under section 502(e) differ from other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How do the private sector training activities... COMMUNITY SERVICE EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM Private Sector Training Projects Under Section 502(e) of the OAA § 641.640 How do the private sector training activities authorized under section 502(e) differ from other...

29 CFR 779.110 - Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the Act. 779.110 Section 779.110 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR... Production of Goods for Commerce § 779.110 Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the...

29 CFR 779.110 - Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the Act. 779.110 Section 779.110 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR... Production of Goods for Commerce § 779.110 Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the...

29 CFR 779.110 - Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the Act. 779.110 Section 779.110 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR... Production of Goods for Commerce § 779.110 Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the...

Photocatalytic properties of Au-deposited mesoporous SiO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} photocatalyst under simultaneous irradiation of UV and visible light

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Okuno, T., E-mail: t093507@edu.imc.tut.ac.jp; Kawamura, G., E-mail: gokawamura@ee.tut.ac.jp; Muto, H., E-mail: muto@ee.tut.ac.jp

Mesoporous SiO{sub 2} templates deposited TiO{sub 2} nanocrystals are synthesized via a sol–gel route, and Au nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited in the tubular mesopores of the templates by a photodeposition method (Au/SiO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2}). The photocatalytic characteristics of Au/SiO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} are discussed with the action spectra of photoreactions of 2-propanol and methylene blue. Photocatalytic activities of SiO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} under individual ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) light illumination are enhanced by deposition of Au NPs. Furthermore, Au/SiO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} shows higher photocatalytic activities under simultaneous irradiation of UV and Vis light compared to the activity under individual UV andmore » Vis light irradiation. Since the photocatalytic activity under simultaneous irradiation is almost the same as the total activities under individual UV and Vis light irradiation, it is concluded that the electrons and the holes generated by lights of different wavelengths are efficiently used for photocatalysis without carrier recombination. - Graphical abstract: This graphic shows the possible charge behavior in Au/SiO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} under independent light irradiation of ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Both reactions under independent UV and Vis light irradiation occurred in parallel when Au/SiO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} photocatalyst was illuminated UV and Vis light simultaneously, and then photocatalytic activity is improved by simultaneous irradiation. - Highlights: • Au nanoparticles were deposited in mesoporous SiO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} by a photodeposition method. • Photocatalytic activity under UV and Vis light was enhanced by deposition of Au. • Photocatalytic activity of Au/SiO{sub 2}–TiO{sub 2} was improved by simultaneous irradiation.« less

78 FR 66038 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Application for Exportation of Articles Under Special Bond

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-04

... Activities: Application for Exportation of Articles Under Special Bond AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border...: Application for Exportation of Articles under Special Bond (CBP Form 3495). This is a proposed extension of an... forms of information. Title: Application for Exportation of Articles under Special Bond. OMB Number...

12 CFR 980.4 - Commencement of new business activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... activity: (a) Sixty days after receipt by the Finance Board of the notice of new business activity under..., immediately upon receipt by the Finance Board of a notice of new business activity under § 980.3; or (c... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Commencement of new business activities. 980.4...

12 CFR 980.4 - Commencement of new business activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... activity: (a) Sixty days after receipt by the Finance Board of the notice of new business activity under..., immediately upon receipt by the Finance Board of a notice of new business activity under § 980.3; or (c... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commencement of new business activities. 980.4...

Predicting body temperature and activity of adult Polyommatus icarus using neural network models under current and projected climate scenarios.

PubMed

Howe, P D; Bryant, S R; Shreeve, T G

2007-10-01

We use field observations in two geographic regions within the British Isles and regression and neural network models to examine the relationship between microhabitat use, thoracic temperatures and activity in a widespread lycaenid butterfly, Polyommatus icarus. We also make predictions for future activity under climate change scenarios. Individuals from a univoltine northern population initiated flight with significantly lower thoracic temperatures than individuals from a bivoltine southern population. Activity is dependent on body temperature and neural network models of body temperature are better at predicting body temperature than generalized linear models. Neural network models of activity with a sole input of predicted body temperature (using weather and microclimate variables) are good predictors of observed activity and were better predictors than generalized linear models. By modelling activity under climate change scenarios for 2080 we predict differences in activity in relation to both regional differences of climate change and differing body temperature requirements for activity in different populations. Under average conditions for low-emission scenarios there will be little change in the activity of individuals from central-southern Britain and a reduction in northwest Scotland from 2003 activity levels. Under high-emission scenarios, flight-dependent activity in northwest Scotland will increase the greatest, despite smaller predicted increases in temperature and decreases in cloud cover. We suggest that neural network models are an effective way of predicting future activity in changing climates for microhabitat-specialist butterflies and that regional differences in the thermoregulatory response of populations will have profound effects on how they respond to climate change.

Knockdown of AMPKα decreases ATM expression and increases radiosensitivity under hypoxia and nutrient starvation in an SV40-transformed human fibroblast cell line, LM217.

PubMed

Murata, Yasuhiko; Hashimoto, Takuma; Urushihara, Yusuke; Shiga, Soichiro; Takeda, Kazuya; Jingu, Keiichi; Hosoi, Yoshio

2018-01-22

Presence of unperfused regions containing cells under hypoxia and nutrient starvation contributes to radioresistance in solid human tumors. It is well known that hypoxia causes cellular radioresistance, but little is known about the effects of nutrient starvation on radiosensitivity. We have reported that nutrient starvation induced decrease of mTORC1 activity and decrease of radiosensitivity in an SV40-transformed human fibroblast cell line, LM217, and that nutrient starvation induced increase of mTORC1 activity and increase of radiosensitivity in human liver cancer cell lines, HepG2 and HuH6 (Murata et al., BBRC 2015). Knockdown of mTOR using small interfering RNA (siRNA) for mTOR suppressed radiosensitivity under nutrient starvation alone in HepG2 cells, which suggests that mTORC1 pathway regulates radiosensitivity under nutrient starvation alone. In the present study, effects of hypoxia and nutrient starvation on radiosensitivity were investigated using the same cell lines. LM217 and HepG2 cells were used to examine the effects of hypoxia and nutrient starvation on cellular radiosensitivity, mTORC1 pathway including AMPK, ATM, and HIF-1α, which are known as regulators of mTORC1 activity, and glycogen storage, which is induced by HIF-1 and HIF-2 under hypoxia and promotes cell survival. Under hypoxia and nutrient starvation, AMPK activity and ATM expression were increased in LM217 cells and decreased in HepG2 cells compared with AMPK activity under nutrient starvation alone or ATM expression under hypoxia alone. Under hypoxia and nutrient starvation, radiosensitivity was decreased in LM217 cells and increased in HepG2 cells compared with radiosensitivity under hypoxia alone. Under hypoxia and nutrient starvation, knockdown of AMPK decreased ATM activity and increased radiation sensitivity in LM217 cells. In both cell lines, mTORC1 activity was decreased under hypoxia and nutrient starvation. Under hypoxia alone, knockdown of mTOR slightly increased ATM expression but did not affect radiosensitivity in LM217. Under hypoxia and nutrient starvation, HIF-1α expression was suppressed and glycogen storage was reduced. Our data suggest that AMPK regulates ATM expression and partially regulates radiosensitivity under hypoxia and nutrient starvation. The molecular mechanism underlying the induction of ATM expression by AMPK remains to be elucidated. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

78 FR 49761 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Application for Exportation of Articles Under Special Bond

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-15

... Activities: Application for Exportation of Articles Under Special Bond AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border... Articles under Special Bond (CBP Form 3495). This request for comment is being made pursuant to the...: Application for Exportation of Articles Under Special Bond. OMB Number: 1651-0004. Form Number: CBP Form 3495...

Characterisation under static and dynamic conditions of commercial activated carbons for their use in wastewater plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sabio, E.; Zamora, F.; González, J. F.; García, C. M. González; Román, S.; Al-Kassir, A.

2006-06-01

The use of activated carbon for removing organic contaminants in fixed beds is increasing. This is a dynamic process in which the kinetics plays an important role. The aim of this paper is to get more insight into adsorption of p-nitrophenol (PNP) in activated carbon under equilibrium and dynamic conditions. Five commercial activated carbons were studied. The analysis carried out were PNP adsorption isotherms in aqueous solution at 20 °C, N 2 at 77 K isotherms, FT-IR and PNP adsorption under dynamic conditions. The results indicate that the external porous affinity toward the organic contaminants determines in large extent the adsorbents behaviour under dynamic conditions.

10 CFR 1040.63 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... subjected to discrimination under any program or activity that receives Federal financial assistance from... or substantially impairing accomplishment of the objectives of the recipient's program or activity... subjecting them to discrimination under any program or activity that receives Federal financial assistance...

24 CFR 1000.554 - Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.554 Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA... to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA? 1000.554 Section 1000...

24 CFR 1000.554 - Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.554 Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA... to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA? 1000.554 Section 1000...

24 CFR 1000.554 - Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.554 Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA... to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA? 1000.554 Section 1000...

24 CFR 1000.554 - Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.554 Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA... to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA? 1000.554 Section 1000...

24 CFR 1000.554 - Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Recipient Monitoring, Oversight and Accountability § 1000.554 Which agencies have right of access to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA... to the recipient's records relating to activities carried out under NAHASDA? 1000.554 Section 1000...

30 CFR 251.7 - Test drilling activities under a permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test drilling activities under a permit. 251.7... GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL (G&G) EXPLORATIONS OF THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF § 251.7 Test drilling activities... of drilling activities; (ii) A description of your drilling rig, indicating the important features...

A Reappraisal of the 4/3/2 Activity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boers, Frank

2014-01-01

In the 4/3/2 activity learners deliver the same talk three times under increasing time pressure. The activity is intended first and foremost to foster fluency, but accuracy and complexity have also been said to benefit from this activity. The present study investigates whether immediate repetition of monologues under increasing time pressure…

Reduced Photoinhibition under Low Irradiance Enhanced Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth) Secondary Metabolites, Phenyl Alanine Lyase and Antioxidant Activity

PubMed Central

Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz; Jaafar, Hawa Z.E.

2012-01-01

A randomized complete block design experiment was designed to characterize the relationship between production of total flavonoids and phenolics, anthocyanin, photosynthesis, maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), electron transfer rate (Fm/Fo), phenyl alanine lyase activity (PAL) and antioxidant (DPPH) in Labisia pumila var. alata, under four levels of irradiance (225, 500, 625 and 900 μmol/m2/s) for 16 weeks. As irradiance levels increased from 225 to 900 μmol/m2/s, the production of plant secondary metabolites (total flavonoids, phenolics and antocyanin) was found to decrease steadily. Production of total flavonoids and phenolics reached their peaks under 225 followed by 500, 625 and 900 μmol/m2/s irradiances. Significant positive correlation of production of total phenolics, flavonoids and antocyanin content with Fv/Fm, Fm/Fo and photosynthesis indicated up-regulation of carbon-based secondary metabolites (CBSM) under reduced photoinhibition on the under low light levels condition. At the lowest irradiance levels, Labisia pumila extracts also exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant activity (DPPH) than under high irradiance. The improved antioxidative activity under low light levels might be due to high availability of total flavonoids, phenolics and anthocyanin content in the plant extract. It was also found that an increase in the production of CBSM was due to high PAL activity under low light, probably signifying more availability of phenylalanine (Phe) under this condition. PMID:22754297

Bread wheat progenitors: Aegilops tauschii (DD genome) and Triticum dicoccoides (AABB genome) reveal differential antioxidative response under water stress.

PubMed

Suneja, Yadhu; Gupta, Anil Kumar; Bains, Navtej Singh

2017-01-01

Antioxidant enzymes are known to play a significant role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Activity of four antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) was examined in the flag leaves of nine Aegilops tauschii and three Triticum dicoccoides accessions along with two bread wheat cultivars under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. These accessions were shortlisted from a larger set on the basis of field performance for a set of morpho-physiological traits. At anthesis, significant differences were observed in enzyme activities in two environments. A 45% elevation in average GR activity was observed under rain-fed conditions. Genotypic variation was evident within each environment as well as in terms of response to stress environment. Aegilops tauschii accession 3769 (86% increase in SOD, 41% in CAT, 72% in APX, 48% in GR activity) and acc. 14096 (37% increase in SOD, 32% CAT, 25% APX, 42% GR) showed up-regulation in the activity of all the four studied antioxidant enzymes. Aegilops tauschii accessions-9809, 14189 and 14113 also seemed to have strong induction mechanism as elevated activity of at least three enzymes was observed in them under rain-fed conditions. T. dicoccoides , on the other hand, maintained active antioxidative machinery under irrigated condition with relatively lower induction under stress. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.760) was identified between change in the activity of CAT and GR under stress. Changes in plant height, spike length and grain weight were recorded under stress and non-stress conditions on the basis of which a cumulative tolerance index was deduced and accessions were ranked for drought tolerance. Overall, Ae. tauschii accession 3769, 14096, 14113 (DD-genome) and T. dicoccoides accession 7054 (AABB-genome) may be used as donors to combine beneficial stress adaptive traits of all the three sub-genomes into a synthetic hexaploid for improving wheat for water stress conditions.

Mycorrhizal-Mediated Lower Proline Accumulation in Poncirus trifoliata under Water Deficit Derives from the Integration of Inhibition of Proline Synthesis with Increase of Proline Degradation

PubMed Central

Zou, Ying-Ning; Wu, Qiang-Sheng; Huang, Yong-Ming; Ni, Qiu-Dan; He, Xin-Hua

2013-01-01

Proline accumulation was often correlated with drought tolerance of plants infected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), whereas lower proline in some AM plants including citrus was also found under drought stress and the relevant mechanisms have not been fully elaborated. In this study proline accumulation and activity of key enzymes relative to proline biosynthesis (▵1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, P5CS; ornithine-δ-aminotransferase, OAT) and degradation (proline dehydrogenase, ProDH) were determined in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata, a widely used citrus rootstock) inoculated with or without Funneliformis mosseae and under well-watered (WW) or water deficit (WD). AMF colonization significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, root volume, biomass production of both leaves and roots and leaf relative water content, irrespectively of water status. Water deficit induced more tissue proline accumulation, in company with an increase of P5CS activity, but a decrease of OAT and ProDH activity, no matter whether under AM or no-AM. Compared with no-AM treatment, AM treatment resulted in lower proline concentration and content in leaf, root, and total plant under both WW and WD. The AMF colonization significantly decreased the activity of both P5CS and OAT in leaf, root, and total plant under WW and WD, except for an insignificant difference of root OAT under WD. The AMF inoculation also generally increased tissue ProDH activity under WW and WD. Plant proline content significantly positively correlated with plant P5CS activity, negatively with plant ProDH activity, but not with plant OAT activity. These results suggest that AM plants may suffer less from WD, thereby inducing lower proline accumulation, which derives from the integration of an inhibition of proline synthesis with an enhancement of proline degradation. PMID:24260421

76 FR 40455 - Agency Information Collection (Veterans Mortgage Life Insurance Inquiry) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-08

... Mortgage Life Insurance Inquiry) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... refer to ``OMB Control No. 2900-0501.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Veterans Mortgage Life... approved collection. Abstract: Veterans whose mortgage is insured under Veterans Mortgage Life Insurance...

29 CFR 32.4 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the objectives of the recipient's program or activity with respect to handicapped individuals; or (iii... discrimination under any program or activity that receives Federal financial assistance; or (ii) That have the..., service or training provided under a program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance includes...

Age-related differences in enhancement and suppression of neural activity underlying selective attention in matched young and old adults.

PubMed

Haring, A E; Zhuravleva, T Y; Alperin, B R; Rentz, D M; Holcomb, P J; Daffner, K R

2013-03-07

Selective attention reflects the top-down control of sensory processing that is mediated by enhancement or inhibition of neural activity. ERPs were used to investigate age-related differences in neural activity in an experiment examining selective attention to color under Attend and Ignore conditions, as well as under a Neutral condition in which color was task-irrelevant. We sought to determine whether differences in neural activity between old and young adult subjects were due to differences in age rather than executive capacity. Old subjects were matched to two groups of young subjects on the basis of neuropsychological test performance: one using age-appropriate norms and the other using test scores not adjusted for age. We found that old and young subject groups did not differ in the overall modulation of selective attention between Attend and Ignore conditions, as indexed by the size of the anterior Selection Positivity. However, in contrast to either young adult group, old subjects did not exhibit reduced neural activity under the Ignore relative to Neutral condition, but showed enhanced activity under the Attend condition. The onset and peak of the Selection Positivity occurred later for old than young subjects. In summary, older adults execute selective attention less efficiently than matched younger subjects, with slowed processing and failed suppression under Ignore. Increased enhancement under Attend may serve as a compensatory mechanism. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

77 FR 56571 - Unincorporated Business Entities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-13

... under State law for certain business activities. For purposes of this proposed rule, a UBE includes... unincorporated business trusts, organized under State law. This rule does not apply to UBEs that one or more... System institutions to organize entities under State law to engage in business activity. However...

Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway regulates heme oxygenase-1 gene expression by hypoxia in vascular cells.

PubMed

Ryter, Stefan W; Xi, Sichuan; Hartsfield, Cynthia L; Choi, Augustine M K

2002-08-01

Hypoxia induces the stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which participates in cellular adaptation. The molecular pathways that regulate ho-1 gene expression under hypoxia may involve mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and reactive oxygen. Hypoxia (8 h) increased HO-1 mRNA in rat pulmonary aortic endothelial cells (PAEC), and also activated both extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)/ERK2 and p38 MAPK pathways. The role of these kinases in hypoxia-induced ho-1 gene expression was examined using chemical inhibitors of these pathways. Surprisingly, SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, and PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1), strongly enhanced hypoxia-induced HO-1 mRNA expression in PAEC. UO126, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, enhanced HO-1 expression in PAEC under normoxia, but not hypoxia. Diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, also induced the expression of HO-1 in PAEC under both normoxia and hypoxia. Similar results were observed in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, hypoxia induced activator protein (AP-1) DNA-binding activity in PAEC. Pretreatment with SB203580 and PD98059 enhanced AP-1 binding activity under hypoxia in PAEC; UO126 stimulated AP-1 binding under normoxia, whereas diphenylene iodonium stimulated AP-1 binding under normoxia and hypoxia. These results suggest a relationship between MAPK and hypoxic regulation of ho-1 in vascular cells, involving AP-1.

Comparing photosynthetic characteristics of Isoetes sinensis Palmer under submerged and terrestrial conditions.

PubMed

Yang, Tao; Liu, Xing

2015-12-04

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is widespread in terrestrial and aquatic species, plastic in response to environmental changes. Isoetes L. is one of the earliest basal vascular plants and CAM is popular in this genus. Isoetes sinensis Palmer is an amphibious species, alternating frequently between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Given this, we investigated and compared photosynthetic characteristics over a diurnal cycle under submerged condition (SC) and terrestrial condition (TC). The results suggest that I. sinensis possesses a stronger CAM capacity under SC. Compared with under TC, titratable acidity levels and organic acid concentrations were more enriched under SC, whereas soluble sugar or starch and protein levels were lower under SC. Transcript analyses for nine photosynthetic genes revealed that CAM-associated genes possessed high transcripts under SC, but C3-related transcripts were highly expressed under TC. In addition, the enzyme activity measurements demonstrated that PEPC activity over a diurnal cycle was slightly higher under SC, whereas Rubisco activity during the daytime was greater under TC. This comprehensive study probably facilitates general understandings about the CAM photosynthetic characteristics of Isoetes in response to the environmental changes.

38 CFR 18.404 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... subjected to discrimination under any program or activity which receives Federal financial assistance. (b... accomplishment of the objectives of the recipient's program or activity with respect to handicapped persons, or... under any program or activity that receives Federal financial assistance, or (ii) Have the purpose or...

24 CFR 6.4 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Development NONDISCRIMINATION IN PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES RECEIVING ASSISTANCE UNDER TITLE I OF THE HOUSING AND..., for programs or activities receiving Federal financial assistance, the regulations in this part 6... benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity funded in whole or in part...

77 FR 4297 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Reporting Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-27

... Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Reporting Under EPA's Landfill Methane Outreach Program...; and other landfill gas energy stakeholders. Title: Reporting Under EPA's Landfill Methane Outreach... Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP), created by EPA as part of the Climate Change Action Plan, is a...

34 CFR 642.10 - Activities the Secretary assists under the Training Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Secretary assists under the Training Program. (a) A Training Program project trains the staff and leadership... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Activities the Secretary assists under the Training... (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TRAINING PROGRAM FOR FEDERAL TRIO...

77 FR 69844 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-21

... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated Authority and Submission to OMB AGENCY: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System... of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Board) under OMB delegated authority, as per 5 CFR 1320...

75 FR 4578 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: National Explosives...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-28

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: National Explosives Detection Canine Team Program (NEDCTP... under the National Explosives Detection Canine Team Program. The data is collected electronically... feedback to the Chief of the National Explosives Detection Canine Team Program and instructional staff and...

Ultrasound accelerated Claisen Schmidt condensation: A green route to chalcones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calvino, V.; Picallo, M.; López-Peinado, A. J.; Martín-Aranda, R. M.; Durán-Valle, C. J.

2006-06-01

Chalcones have been synthesized under sonochemical irradiation by Claisen-Schmidt condensation between benzaldehyde and acetophenone. Two basic activated carbons (Na and Cs-Norit) have been used as catalysts. The effect of the ultrasound activation has been studied. A substantial enhancing effect in the yield was observed when the carbon catalyst was activated under ultrasonic waves. This "green" method (combination of alkaline-doped carbon catalyst and ultrasound waves) has been applied to the synthesis of several chalcones with antibacterial properties achieving, in all cases, excellent activities and selectivities. A comparative study under non-sonic activation has showed that the yields are lower in silent conditions, indicating that the sonication exerts a positive effect on the activity of the catalyst. Cs-doped carbon is presented as the optimum catalyst, giving excellent activity for this type of condensation. Cs-Norit carbon catalyst can compete with the traditional NaOH/EtOH when the reaction is carried out under ultrasounds. The role of solvent in this reaction was studied with ethanol. High conversion was obtained in absence of solvent. The carbons were characterized by thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

12 CFR 225.84 - What are the consequences of failing to maintain a satisfactory or better rating under the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... activities under section 4(k)(4)(H) of the BHC Act (12 U.S.C. 1843(k)(4)(H)) or insurance company investment... 4(k)(4)(H) of the BHC Act (12 U.S.C. 1843(k)(4)(H)) or the insurance company investment activity... holding company may not: (i) Commence any additional activity under section 4(k) or 4(n) of the BHC Act...

12 CFR 225.84 - What are the consequences of failing to maintain a satisfactory or better rating under the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... activities under section 4(k)(4)(H) of the BHC Act (12 U.S.C. 1843(k)(4)(H)) or insurance company investment... 4(k)(4)(H) of the BHC Act (12 U.S.C. 1843(k)(4)(H)) or the insurance company investment activity... holding company may not: (i) Commence any additional activity under section 4(k) or 4(n) of the BHC Act...

[Effect of light intensity on the growth and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas under two kinds of culture methods].

PubMed

Wei, Zi-Zhong; Zhao, Wen

2014-01-01

The effects of light intensity (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 1x) on the growth and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus under two kinds of culture methods (compound Chinese medicine preparation and microbial preparation) were studied. Results showed that the relative mass gain rate (WGR) and the specific growth rate (SGR) of juvenile sea cucumber were significantly affected by light intensity (P < 0.05) , and the orders of WGR and SGR (form high to low) of juvenile sea cucumber under different light intensities were 2000 1x > 1000 1x > 3000 1x > 0 1x. Under the same light intensity, the growth of juvenile sea cucumber under the two kinds of culture methods were significantly different (P < 0.05), with the WGR and SGR of the Chinese medicine treatment being greater than those of the microbial treatment. The light intensity also significantly affected the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber. The order of amylase and lipase activity was 2000 1x > 1000 1x > 3000 1x > 0 1x, while that of protease activity was 1000 1x > 2000 1x > 0 1x > 3000 1x. Under the same light intensity, the digestive enzyme activities of the Chinese medicine treatment were generally higher than those of the microbial treatment.

Comparative analyses of physiological responses of Cynodon dactylon accessions from Southwest China to sulfur dioxide toxicity.

PubMed

Li, Xi; Wang, Ling; Li, Yiqiao; Sun, Lingxia; Cai, Shizhen; Huang, Zhuo

2014-01-01

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a major air pollutant in developing countries, is highly toxic to plants. To achieve better air quality and landscape, planting appropriate grass species in severe SO2 polluted areas is very critical. Cynodon dactylon, a widely used warm season turfgrass species, has good SO2-tolerant ability. In this study, we selected 9 out of 38 C. dactylon accessions from Southwest China as representatives of high, intermediate SO2-tolerant and SO2-sensitive accessions to comparatively analyze their physiological differences in leaves under SO2 untreated and treated conditions. Our results revealed that SO2-tolerant C. dactylon accessions showed higher soluble sugar, proline, and chlorophyll a contents under both SO2 treated and untreated conditions; higher chlorophyll b and carotenoid under SO2 treated condition; lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, oxidative damages, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities under SO2 treated condition; and higher peroxidase (POD) activities under SO2 untreated condition. Further results indicated that SO2-tolerant C. dactylon accessions had higher sulfur contents under both SO2 treated and untreated conditions, consistent with higher SO activities under both SO2 treated and untreated conditions, and higher SiR activities under SO2 treated condition. Taken together, our results indicated that SO2 tolerance of C. dactylon might be largely related to soluble sugar, proline and chlorophyll a contents, and SO enzyme activity.

Comparative Analyses of Physiological Responses of Cynodon dactylon Accessions from Southwest China to Sulfur Dioxide Toxicity

PubMed Central

Wang, Ling; Li, Yiqiao; Cai, Shizhen

2014-01-01

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a major air pollutant in developing countries, is highly toxic to plants. To achieve better air quality and landscape, planting appropriate grass species in severe SO2 polluted areas is very critical. Cynodon dactylon, a widely used warm season turfgrass species, has good SO2-tolerant ability. In this study, we selected 9 out of 38 C. dactylon accessions from Southwest China as representatives of high, intermediate SO2-tolerant and SO2-sensitive accessions to comparatively analyze their physiological differences in leaves under SO2 untreated and treated conditions. Our results revealed that SO2-tolerant C. dactylon accessions showed higher soluble sugar, proline, and chlorophyll a contents under both SO2 treated and untreated conditions; higher chlorophyll b and carotenoid under SO2 treated condition; lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, oxidative damages, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities under SO2 treated condition; and higher peroxidase (POD) activities under SO2 untreated condition. Further results indicated that SO2-tolerant C. dactylon accessions had higher sulfur contents under both SO2 treated and untreated conditions, consistent with higher SO activities under both SO2 treated and untreated conditions, and higher SiR activities under SO2 treated condition. Taken together, our results indicated that SO2 tolerance of C. dactylon might be largely related to soluble sugar, proline and chlorophyll a contents, and SO enzyme activity. PMID:25097893

30 CFR 251.9 - Temporarily stopping, canceling, or relinquishing activities approved under a permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Temporarily stopping, canceling, or... CONTINENTAL SHELF § 251.9 Temporarily stopping, canceling, or relinquishing activities approved under a permit... start your permit activities again. (c) Procedure to cancel or relinquish a permit. The Regional...

75 FR 21008 - Office of Biotechnology Activities; Recombinant DNA Research: Proposed Actions Under the NIH...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-22

... Activities; Recombinant DNA Research: Proposed Actions Under the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving... Biotechnology Activities (OBA) published a proposal to revise the NIH Guidelines for Research with Recombinant DNA Molecules (NIH Guidelines) to address biosafety for research with synthetic nucleic acids (74 FR...

77 FR 3784 - Recreational Boating Safety Projects, Programs and Activities Funded Under Provisions of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-25

... 21st Century; Accounting of ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In 1999, the Transportation Equity Act for the... detailed accounting of the projects, programs, and activities funded under the national recreational... fiscal year 2011 for each activity is shown below. Specific Accounting of Funds National Recreational...

Change in fibrinolytic activity under the influence of a constant magnetic field. [blood coagulation normilization in heart patients

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yepishina, S. G.

1974-01-01

The fibrinolytic activity of plasma changes under the influence of a constant magnetic field (CMF) with a strength of 250 or 2500 oersteds. CMF shows a tendency toward normalization of fibrinolytic processes in the presence of pathological disturbances in fibrinolysis activation.

40 CFR 725.205 - Persons who may report under this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... for Research and Development Activities § 725.205 Persons who may report under this subpart. (a) Commercial research and development activities involving new microorganisms or significant new uses of...) Commercial purposes for research and development means that the activities are conducted with the purpose of...

Microcarbon-based facial creams activate aerial oxygen under light to reactive oxygen species damaging cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maity, Sheli; Pakhira, Bholanath; Ghosh, Subrata; Saha, Royina; Sarkar, Ripon; Barui, Ananya; Sarkar, Sabyasachi

2017-11-01

Nanosized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is found in active microcarbon used in popular face cream from the manufacturers like Ponds, Nevia, and Garnier which, under visible light exposure, gets activated by aerial oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) harmful to skin.

7 CFR 930.31 - Duties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... activities, including research and promotion activities, authorized under this part or for the provision of... authorized under § 930.41 and income from such assessments; (t) To establish standards or grade requirements...

7 CFR 930.31 - Duties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... activities, including research and promotion activities, authorized under this part or for the provision of... authorized under § 930.41 and income from such assessments; (t) To establish standards or grade requirements...

7 CFR 930.31 - Duties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... activities, including research and promotion activities, authorized under this part or for the provision of... authorized under § 930.41 and income from such assessments; (t) To establish standards or grade requirements...

7 CFR 930.31 - Duties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... activities, including research and promotion activities, authorized under this part or for the provision of... authorized under § 930.41 and income from such assessments; (t) To establish standards or grade requirements...

77 FR 50289 - Taking and Importing Marine Mammals: Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to U.S. Navy Operations of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-20

... Fisheries Service) are issuing regulations under the Marine Mammal Protection Act to govern the... submarines. The Navy's activities are military readiness activities under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of... under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The 2007 regulations governing take incidental to SURTASS LFA...

77 FR 35993 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Cargo Container and Road Vehicle Certification for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-15

... Activities: Cargo Container and Road Vehicle Certification for Transport Under Customs Seal AGENCY: U.S... Paperwork Reduction Act: Cargo Container and Road Vehicle for Transport under Customs Seal. This is a.... Title: Cargo Container and Road Vehicle for Transport under Customs Seal. OMB Number: 1651-0124. Form...

Influence of hot carriers on catalytic reaction; Pt nanoparticles on GaN substrates under light irradiation.

PubMed

Kim, Sun Mi; Park, Dahee; Yuk, Youngji; Kim, Sang Hoon; Park, Jeong Young

2013-01-01

We report the hot carrier-driven catalytic activity of two-dimensional arrays of Pt nanoparticles on GaN substrate under light irradiation. In order to elucidate the effect of a hot carrier in a catalytic chemical reaction, the CO oxidation reaction was carried out on Pt nanoparticles on p- and n-type GaN under light irradiation. Metal catalysts composed of Pt nanoparticles were prepared using two different preparation methods: the one-pot polyol reduction and are plasma deposition methods. Under light irradiation, the catalytic activity of the Pt nanoparticles supported on GaN exhibited a distinct change depending on the doping type. The catalytic activity of the Pt nanoparticles on the n-doped GaN wafer decreased by 8-28% under light irradiation, compared to no irradiation (i.e., in the dark), while the Pt nanoparticles on the p-doped GaN wafer increased by 11-33% under light irradiation, compared to no irradiation. The catalytic activity increased on the smaller Pt nanoparticles, compared to the larger nanoparticles, presumably due to the mean free path of hot carriers. Based on these results, we conclude that the flow of hot carriers generated at the Pt-GaN interface during light irradiation is responsible for the change in catalytic activity on the Pt nanoparticles.

Atrazine degradation and enzyme activities in an agricultural soil under two tillage systems.

PubMed

Mahía, Jorge; Martín, Angela; Carballas, Tarsy; Díaz-Raviña, Montserrat

2007-05-25

The content of atrazine and its metabolites (hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine) as well as the activities of two soil enzymes (urease and beta-glucosidase) were evaluated in an acid agricultural soil, located in a temperate humid zone (Galicia, NW Spain), with an annual ryegrass-maize rotation under conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT). Samples were collected during two consecutive years from the arable layer at two depths (0-5 cm and 5-20 cm) and different times after atrazine application. Hydroxyatrazine and deisopropylatrazine were the main metabolites resulting from atrazine degradation in the acid soil studied, the highest levels being detected in the surface layer of the NT treatment. A residual effect of atrazine was observed since hydroxyatrazine was detected in the arable layer (0-5 cm, 5-20 cm) even one year after the herbicide application. Soil enzyme activities in the upper 5 cm layer under NT were consistently higher than those in the same layer under CT. Urease and beta-glucosidase activities decreased with depth in the profile under NT but they did not show any differences between the two depths for the plots under CT. For both tillage systems enzyme activities also reflected temporal changes during the maize cultivation; however, no consistent effect of the herbicide application was observed.

Simulating natural light and temperature cycles in the laboratory reveals differential effects on activity/rest rhythm of four Drosophilids.

PubMed

Prabhakaran, Priya M; Sheeba, Vasu

2014-10-01

Recent studies under semi-natural conditions have revealed various unique features of activity/rest rhythms in Drosophilids that differ from those under standard laboratory conditions. An additional afternoon peak (A-peak) has been reported for Drosophila melanogaster and another species D. malerkotliana while D. ananassae exhibited mostly unimodal diurnal activity. To tease apart the role of light and temperature in mediating these species-specific behaviours of four Drosophilid species D. melanogaster, D. malerkotliana, D. ananassae, and Zaprionus indianus we simulated gradual natural light and/or temperature cycles conditions in laboratory. The pattern observed under semi-natural conditions could be reproduced in the laboratory for all the species under a variety of simulated conditions. D. melanogaster and D. malerkotliana showed similar patterns where as D. ananassae consistently exhibited predominant morning activity under almost all regimes. Z. indianus showed clearly rhythmic activity mostly when temperature cycles were provided. We find that gradually changing light intensities reaching a sufficiently high peak value can elicit A-peak in D. melanogaster, D. malerkotliana, and D. ananassae even at mild ambient temperature. Furthermore, we show that high mid-day temperature could induce A-peak in all species even under constant light conditions suggesting that this A-peak is likely to be a stress response.

Selective effect of myclobutanil enantiomers on fungicidal activity and fumonisin production by Fusarium verticillioides under different environmental conditions.

PubMed

Li, Na; Deng, Luqing; Li, Jianfang; Wang, Zhengbing; Han, Yiye; Liu, Chenglan

2018-05-01

Myclobutanil is a widely used triazole fungicide, comprising two enantiomers with different fungicidal activities, non-target toxicities, and environmental fates. The enantioselective effects of myclobutanil on fumonisin B (FB) production by Fusarium verticillioides, an important pathogen, have not yet been investigated. In the present study, the fungicidal activities of rac-myclobutanil and its enantiomers on F. verticillioides cultured on maize-based media were studied under different water activity and temperature conditions. The FB levels were measured to assess the enantioselective effects on FB production when F. verticillioides were cultured treated with EC 50 and EC 90 concentrations (concentrations inhibiting mycelial growth by 50.0% and 90.0%, respectively) of myclobutanil and enantiomers under different conditions. The fungicidal activities of rac-myclobutanil and its enantiomers decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing water activity. Little difference in fungicidal activity was observed between the enantiomers. FB production was significantly influenced by temperature, a w , and fungicides dose. At EC50 concentrations, rac-myclobutantil and its enantiomers were shown to enhance mycotoxin production and enantioselective effects of enantiomers on FB production were observed under certain conditions. This is the first report on the differential effects of myclobutanil enantiomers on the control of F. verticillioides growth and FB production in maize-based media under different conditions. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and comparative photocatalytic activity of Pt/WO 3 and Au/WO 3 nanocomposites under sunlight-type excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qamar, M.; Yamani, Z. H.; Gondal, M. A.; Alhooshani, K.

2011-09-01

The article deals with the synthesis of highly active visible-light-driven nanocomposite for the decontamination of water hazards under sunlight-type excitation. The surface of visible-light-active nanostructured photocatalyst tungsten oxide (WO 3) was modified with noble metals, such as platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) nanoparticles, and the resulting photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites was investigated by studying the removal of Methyl Orange and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under sunlight-type excitation. The study revealed that the deposited noble metals are not always favorable for the enhancement of photocatalytic response of catalysts; the activity of WO 3 was enhanced manyfold (˜8 times) by depositing an optimum amount of Pt nanoparticles after certain photodeposition time whereas the presence of Au nanoparticles onto the WO 3 surface, under identical experimental conditions, affected the removal process negatively. The variation in the photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites was attributed to the size of the deposited metals; Pt nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed with narrow size distribution (2-4 nm) while the size distribution of Au nanoparticles was found to be 10-15 nm for similar preparation conditions. The effects of critical parameters, such as metal deposition time and metal contents, on the photocatalytic activity of WO 3 were investigated. Furthermore, Pt/WO 3 nanocomposites showed good stability and recyclability under the conditions studied.

38 CFR 21.46 - Veteran ordered to active duty; extension of basic period of eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Veteran ordered to active... Rehabilitation and Employment Under 38 U.S.C. Chapter 31 Periods of Eligibility § 21.46 Veteran ordered to active... active duty under 10 U.S.C. 688, 12301(a), 12301(d), 12301(g), 12302, or 12304, the veteran's basic...

38 CFR 21.46 - Veteran ordered to active duty; extension of basic period of eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Veteran ordered to active... Rehabilitation and Employment Under 38 U.S.C. Chapter 31 Periods of Eligibility § 21.46 Veteran ordered to active... active duty under 10 U.S.C. 688, 12301(a), 12301(d), 12301(g), 12302, or 12304, the veteran's basic...

Dynamics of Deformable Active Particles under External Flow Field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarama, Mitsusuke

2017-10-01

In most practical situations, active particles are affected by their environment, for example, by a chemical concentration gradient, light intensity, gravity, or confinement. In particular, the effect of an external flow field is important for particles swimming in a solvent fluid. For deformable active particles such as self-propelled liquid droplets and active vesicles, as well as microorganisms such as euglenas and neutrophils, a general description has been developed by focusing on shape deformation. In this review, we present our recent studies concerning the dynamics of a single active deformable particle under an external flow field. First, a set of model equations of active deformable particles including the effect of a general external flow is introduced. Then, the dynamics under two specific flow profiles is discussed: a linear shear flow, as the simplest example, and a swirl flow. In the latter case, the scattering dynamics of the active deformable particles by the swirl flow is also considered.

[Response of soil hydrolase and oxidoreductase activities to free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) under rice-wheat rotation].

PubMed

Zhang, Yulan; Zhang, Lili; Chen, Lijun; Wu, Zhijie

2004-06-01

This paper studied the response of soil urease, phosphatase, arylsulphatase and dehydrogenase to 200 micromol x mol(-1) CO2 elevation under rice-wheat rotation. The results showed that under CO2 elevation, the urease activity in 0-10 cm soil layer was decreased at the early growth stages of wheat but increased at its booting stage; the activity increased at the early growth stages of rice but decreased at its ripening stage. Phosphatase activity was increased during the whole growth period of wheat; the activity increased at the tillering stage of rice but decreased at its later growth stages. Arylsulphatase activity was decreased at the over-wintering and booting stages of wheat but increased at its tillering and ripening stages. Dehydrogenase activity was decreased at the early growth stages of wheat and rice, but increased at their late growth stages.

AMPK-Dependent Phosphorylation of GAPDH Triggers Sirt1 Activation and Is Necessary for Autophagy upon Glucose Starvation.

PubMed

Chang, Chunmei; Su, Hua; Zhang, Danhong; Wang, Yusha; Shen, Qiuhong; Liu, Bo; Huang, Rui; Zhou, Tianhua; Peng, Chao; Wong, Catherine C L; Shen, Han-Ming; Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer; Liu, Wei

2015-12-17

Eukaryotes initiate autophagy to cope with the lack of external nutrients, which requires the activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). However, the mechanisms underlying the starvation-induced Sirt1 activation for autophagy initiation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a conventional glycolytic enzyme, is a critical mediator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-driven Sirt1 activation. Under glucose starvation, but not amino acid starvation, cytoplasmic GAPDH is phosphorylated on Ser122 by activated AMPK. This causes GAPDH to redistribute into the nucleus. Inside the nucleus, GAPDH interacts directly with Sirt1, displacing Sirt1's repressor and causing Sirt1 to become activated. Preventing this shift of GAPDH abolishes Sirt1 activation and autophagy, while enhancing it, through overexpression of nuclear-localized GAPDH, increases Sirt1 activation and autophagy. GAPDH is thus a pivotal and central regulator of autophagy under glucose deficiency, undergoing AMPK-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation to activate Sirt1 deacetylase activity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Elevated atmospheric CO2 affected photosynthetic products in wheat seedlings and biological activity in rhizosphere soil under cadmium stress.

PubMed

Jia, Xia; Liu, Tuo; Zhao, Yonghua; He, Yunhua; Yang, Mingyan

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 (700 ± 23 μmol mol(-1)) on photosynthetic products in wheat seedlings and on organic compounds and biological activity in rhizosphere soil under cadmium (Cd) stress. Elevated CO2 was associated with decreased quantities of reducing sugars, starch, and soluble amino acids, and with increased quantities of soluble sugars, total sugars, and soluble proteins in wheat seedlings under Cd stress. The contents of total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, total soluble phenolic acids, and total organic acids in the rhizosphere soil under Cd stress were improved by elevated CO2. Compared to Cd stress alone, the activity of amylase, phenol oxidase, urease, L-asparaginase, β-glucosidase, neutral phosphatase, and fluorescein diacetate increased under elevated CO2 in combination with Cd stress; only cellulase activity decreased. Bacterial abundance in rhizosphere soil was stimulated by elevated CO2 at low Cd concentrations (1.31-5.31 mg Cd kg(-1) dry soil). Actinomycetes, total microbial abundance, and fungi decreased under the combined conditions at 5.31-10.31 mg Cd kg(-1) dry soil. In conclusion, increased production of soluble sugars, total sugars, and proteins in wheat seedlings under elevated CO2 + Cd stress led to greater quantities of organic compounds in the rhizosphere soil relative to seedlings grown under Cd stress only. Elevated CO2 concentrations could moderate the effects of heavy metal pollution on enzyme activity and microorganism abundance in rhizosphere soils, thus improving soil fertility and the microecological rhizosphere environment of wheat under Cd stress.

The role of calcium ions in cytological effects of hypogravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kordyum, E. L.; Belyavskaya, N. A.; Nedukha, E. M.; Palladina, T. A.; Tarasenko, V. A.

Electron-cytochemical and biochemical methods made it possible to reveal certain differences in ATPase activity stimulation by calcium ions in root apex cells of pea seedlings and moss protonema Funaria hygrometrica grown under stationary and slow clinostatic (2 rev/min) conditions. It was showed that under clinostatic conditions in comparison with the control variant the ATPase activity decreases in plasmalemma. The protein content in the plasmalemma fraction was also twice as low under these conditions. The root apex cells of the pea seedlings grown under spaceflight conditions were found to contain high concentrations of membrane-bound calcium. The data obtained are discussed in relation to problems of possible mechanisms of disturbance in calcium balance and the system of active calcium ion transport through plasmalemma under hypogravity.

39 CFR 255.3 - Nondiscrimination under any program or activity conducted by the Postal Service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Nondiscrimination under any program or activity conducted by the Postal Service. 255.3 Section 255.3 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION ACCESS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES TO POSTAL SERVICE PROGRAMS, ACTIVITIES...

30 CFR 251.7 - Test drilling activities under a permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... drilling activities. (iv) A description of the probable impacts of the proposed action on the environment... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test drilling activities under a permit. 251.7... OFFSHORE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL (G&G) EXPLORATIONS OF THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF § 251.7 Test drilling...

30 CFR 251.7 - Test drilling activities under a permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... drilling activities. (iv) A description of the probable impacts of the proposed action on the environment... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test drilling activities under a permit. 251.7... OFFSHORE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL (G&G) EXPLORATIONS OF THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF § 251.7 Test drilling...

30 CFR 251.7 - Test drilling activities under a permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... drilling activities. (iv) A description of the probable impacts of the proposed action on the environment... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test drilling activities under a permit. 251.7... OFFSHORE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL (G&G) EXPLORATIONS OF THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF § 251.7 Test drilling...

34 CFR 642.6 - What definitions apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... projects funded under the Federal TRIO programs. Veteran means a person who— (1) Served on active duty as a... released under conditions other than dishonorable; (2) Served on active duty as a member of the Armed...) Was a member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces of the United States and was called to active...

75 FR 33898 - Agency Information Collection (Monthly Certification of Flight Training) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

... Certification of Flight Training) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration, Department... Flight Training (under Chapters 30 and 32, Title 38 U.S.C.; Chapters 1606 and 1607, Title 10 U.S.C.; and... reservist training, may receive benefits for enrolling in or pursuing approved vocational flight training...

24 CFR 1000.110 - Under what conditions may non low-income Indian families participate in the program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Under what conditions may non low-income Indian families participate in the program? 1000.110 Section 1000.110 Housing and Urban... ACTIVITIES Affordable Housing Activities § 1000.110 Under what conditions may non low-income Indian families...

25 CFR 1000.406 - Does Indian preference apply to services, activities, programs, and functions performed under a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Does Indian preference apply to services, activities, programs, and functions performed under a self-governance AFA? 1000.406 Section 1000.406 Indians OFFICE OF... functions performed under a self-governance AFA? Tribal law must govern Indian preference in employment...

77 FR 1084 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under Review; Title II of the Americans With...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-09

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [OMB Number 1190-0009] Agency Information Collection Activities Under Review; Title II of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990/Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Discrimination Complaint Form ACTION: 30-Day Notice of Information Collection under review The Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division,...

Motion of the drawing hand induces a progressive increase in muscle activity of the non-dominant hand in Ramachandran's mirror-box therapy.

PubMed

Furukawa, Kiminobu; Suzuki, Harue; Fukuda, Jun

2012-11-01

To observe the real-time muscle activity of bilateral hands while subjects draw circles under 2 conditions: with and without using Ramachandran's mirror-box. A total of 24 healthy volunteers. Subjects drew 4 circles sequentially using their dominant hand with the other hand at rest, both with and without looking at a mirror image. Circles were marked by 8 dots on the paper, which subjects connected up to draw the shape. The activity of the bilateral first dorsal interosseus muscles was recorded using surface electromyography. Muscle activity of the dominant hand remained constant during each task. In contrast, muscle activity of the non-dominant hand increased under the condition of watching the image in the mirror, but was low under the non-watching condition. Furthermore, muscle activity of the non-dominant hand increased over the duration of the task. However, wide variation between subjects was observed under the mirror-image condition. Increased muscle action potential of the non-dominant hand may be induced by the circle drawing task of the dominant hand during Ramachandran's mirror-box therapy, which supports previous observations of increased brain activity caused by watching a mirror image.

Accumulation mechanism of γ-aminobutyric acid in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under low O2 with and without CO2.

PubMed

Mae, Nobukazu; Makino, Yoshio; Oshita, Seiichi; Kawagoe, Yoshinori; Tanaka, Atsushi; Aoki, Koh; Kurabayashi, Atsushi; Akihiro, Takashi; Akama, Kazuhito; Koike, Satoshi; Takayama, Mariko; Matsukura, Chiaki; Ezura, Hiroshi

2012-02-01

The storage of ripe tomatoes in low-O(2) conditions with and without CO(2) promotes γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation. The activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and α-ketoglutarate-dependent GABA transaminase (GABA-TK) were higher and lower, respectively, following storage under hypoxic (2.4 or 3.5% O(2)) or adjusted aerobic (11% O(2)) conditions compared to the activities in air for 7 days at 25 °C. GAD activity was consistent with the expression level of mRNA for GAD. The GABA concentration in tomatoes stored under hypoxic conditions and adjusted aerobic conditions was 60-90% higher than that when they are stored in air on the same day. These results demonstrate that upregulation of GAD activity and downregulation of GABA-TK activity cause GABA accumulation in tomatoes stored under low-O(2) conditions. Meanwhile, the effect of CO(2) on GABA accumulation is probably minimal.

[Effects of snow pack on soil nitrogen transformation enzyme activities in a subalpine Abies faxioniana forest of western Sichuan, China].

PubMed

Xiong, Li; Xu, Zhen-Feng; Wu, Fu-Zhong; Yang, Wan-Qin; Yin, Rui; Li, Zhi-Ping; Gou, Xiao-Lin; Tang, Shi-Shan

2014-05-01

This study characterized the dynamics of the activities of urease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in both soil organic layer and mineral soil layer under three depths of snow pack (deep snowpack, moderate snowpack and shallow snowpack) over the three critical periods (snow formed period, snow stable period, and snow melt period) in the subalpine Abies faxoniana forest of western Sichuan in the winter of 2012 and 2013. Throughout the winter, soil temperature under deep snowpack increased by 46.2% and 26.2%, respectively in comparison with moderate snowpack and shallow snowpack. In general, the three nitrogen-related soil enzyme activities under shallow snowpack were 0.8 to 3.9 times of those under deep snowpack during the winter. In the beginning and thawing periods of seasonal snow pack, shallow snowpack significantly increased the activities of urease, nitrate and nitrite reductase enzyme in both soil organic layer and mineral soil layer. Although the activities of the studied enzymes in soil organic layer and mineral soil layer were observed to be higher than those under deep- and moderate snowpacks in deep winter, no significant difference was found under the three snow packs. Meanwhile, the effects of snowpack on the activities of the measured enzymes were related with season, soil layer and enzyme type. Significant variations of the activities of nitrogen-related enzymes were found in three critical periods over the winter, and the three measured soil enzymes were significantly higher in organic layer than in mineral layer. In addition, the activities of the three measured soil enzymes were closely related with temperature and moisture in soils. In conclusion, the decrease of snow pack induced by winter warming might increase the activities of soil enzymes related with nitrogen transformation and further stimulate the process of wintertime nitrogen transformation in soils of the subalpine forest.

Effect of Soil Amendments on Microbial Resilience Capacity of Acid Soil Under Copper Stress.

PubMed

Mounissamy, Vassanda Coumar; Kundu, Samaresh; Selladurai, Rajendiran; Saha, Jayanta Kumar; Biswas, Ashish Kumar; Adhikari, Tapan; Patra, Ashok Kumar

2017-11-01

An incubation study was undertaken to study microbial resilience capacity of acid soil amended with farmyard manure (FYM), charcoal and lime under copper (Cu) perturbation. Copper stress significantly reduced enzymatic activities and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in soil. Percent reduction in microbial activity of soil due to Cu stress was 74.7% in dehydrogenase activity, 59.9% in MBC, 48.2% in alkaline phosphatase activity and 15.1% in acid phosphatase activity. Soil treated with FYM + charcoal showed highest resistance index for enzymatic activities and MBC. Similarly, the highest resilience index for acid phosphatase activity was observed in soil amended with FYM (0.40), whereas FYM + charcoal-treated soil showed the highest resilience indices for alkaline, dehydrogenase activity and MBC: 0.50, 0.22 and 0.25, respectively. This investigation showed that FYM and charcoal application, either alone or in combination, proved to be better than lime with respect to microbial functional resistance and resilience of acid soil under Cu perturbation.

Effects of culture conditions on monosaccharide composition of Ganoderma lucidum exopolysaccharide and on activities of related enzymes.

PubMed

Peng, Lin; Qiao, Shuangkui; Xu, Zhenghong; Guan, Feng; Ding, Zhongyang; Gu, Zhenghua; Zhang, Liang; Shi, Guiyang

2015-11-20

We investigated the relationship between monosaccharide composition of Ganoderma lucidum exopolysaccharide (EPS) and activities of EPS synthesis enzymes under various culture temperatures and initial pH values. The mole percentages of three major EPS monosaccharides, glucose, galactose and mannose, varied depending on culture conditions and the resulting EPS displayed differing anti-tumor activities. In nine tested enzymes, higher enzyme activities were correlated with higher temperature and lower initial pH. Altered mole percentages of galactose and mannose under various culture conditions were associated with activities of α-phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), respectively, and that of mannose was also associated with phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) activity only under various pH. Our findings suggest that mole percentages of G. lucidum EPS monosaccharides can be manipulated by changes of culture conditions that affect enzyme activities, and that novel fermentation strategies based on this approach may enhance production and biological activity of EPS. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of Geroprotectors on Age-Related Changes in Proteolytic Digestive Enzyme Activities at Different Lighting Conditions.

PubMed

Morozov, A V; Khizhkin, E A; Svechkina, E B; Vinogradova, I A; Ilyukha, V A; Anisimov, V N; Khavinson, V Kh

2015-10-01

We studied the effect of melatonin and epithalon on age-related changes in proteolytic digestive enzyme activity in the pancreas and gastric mucosa of rats kept under different lighting conditions. In rats kept under standard illumination, pepsin activity and the total proteolytic activity in the stomach and pancreas increased by the age of 12 months, but then decreased. Constant and natural lighting disturbed the age dynamics of proteolytic digestive enzyme activity. Administration of melatonin and epithalon to animals exposed to constant lighting restored age dynamics of pepsin activity and little affected total proteolytic activity.

Alterations of decision making and underlying neural correlates after resection of a mediofrontal cortical dysplasia: A single case study.

PubMed

Labudda, Kirsten; Brand, Matthias; Mertens, Markus; Ebner, Alois; Markowitsch, Hans J; Woermann, Friedrich G

2010-02-01

We investigated the impact of a congenital prefrontal lesion and its resection on decision making under risk and under ambiguity in a patient with right mediofrontal cortical dysplasia. Both kinds of decision making are normally associated with the medial prefrontal cortex. We additionally studied pre- and postsurgical fMRI activations when processing information relevant for risky decision making. Results indicate selective impairments of ambiguous decision making pre- and postsurgically. Decision making under risk was intact. In contrast to healthy subjects the patient exhibited no activation within the dysplastic anterior cingulate cortex but left-sided orbitofrontal activation on the fMRI task suggesting early reorganization processes.

Long term monitoring of moisture under pavements : executive summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

The research : program consisted of three : distinct : activities. The first activity was a continuation of : the monitoring of environmental instrumentation : under select pavement sections constructed by the : Ohio Department of Transportation (ODO...

Assessment of swelling-activated Cl- channels using the halide-sensitive fluorescent indicator 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium.

PubMed Central

Srinivas, S P; Bonanno, J A; Hughes, B A

1998-01-01

This study describes a quantitative analysis of the enhancement in anion permeability through swelling-activated Cl- channels, using the halide-sensitive fluorescent dye 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium (SPQ). Cultured bovine corneal endothelial monolayers perfused with NO3- Ringer's were exposed to I- pulses under isosmotic and, subsequently, hyposmotic conditions. Changes in SPQ fluorescence due to I- influx were significantly faster under hyposmotic than under isosmotic conditions. Plasma membrane potential (Em) was -58 and -32 mV under isosmotic and hyposmotic conditions, respectively. An expression for the ratio of I- permeability under hyposmotic condition to that under isosmotic condition (termed enhancement ratio or ER) was derived by combining the Stern-Volmer equation (for modeling SPQ fluorescence quenching by I-) and the Goldman flux equation (for modeling the electrodiffusive unidirectional I- influx). The fluorescence values and slopes at the inflection points of the SPQ fluorescence profile during I- influx, together with Em under isosmotic and hyposmotic conditions, were used to calculate ER. Based on this approach, endothelial cells were shown to express swelling-activated Cl- channels with ER = 4.9 when the hyposmotic shock was 110 +/- 10 mosM. These results illustrate the application of the SPQ-based method for quantitative characterization of swelling-activated Cl- channels in monolayers. PMID:9649372

Nitrogenase activity of Herbaspirillum seropedicae grown under low iron levels requires the products of nifXorf1 genes.

PubMed

Klassen, Giseli; de Oliveira Pedrosa, Fábio; de Souza, Emanuel M; Yates, M Geoffrey; Rigo, Liu Un

2003-07-29

Herbaspirillum seropedicae strains mutated in the nifX or orf1 genes showed 90% or 50% reduction in nitrogenase activity under low levels of iron or molybdenum respectively. Mutations in nifX or orf1 genes did not affect nif gene expression since a nifH::lacZ fusion was fully active in both mutants. nifX and the contiguous gene orf1 are essential for maximum nitrogen fixation under iron limitation and are probably involved in synthesis of nitrogenase iron or iron-molybdenum clusters.

Distinct effects of reminding mortality and physical pain on the default-mode activity and activity underlying self-reflection.

PubMed

Shi, Zhenhao; Han, Shihui

2018-06-01

Behavioral research suggests that reminding both mortality and negative affect influences self-related thoughts. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we tested the hypothesis that reminders of mortality and physical pain decrease brain activity underlying self-related thoughts. Three groups of adults underwent priming procedures during which they answered questions pertaining to mortality, physical pain, or leisure time, respectively. Before and after priming, participants performed personality trait judgments on oneself or a celebrity, identified the font of words, or passively viewed a fixation. The default-mode activity and neural activity underlying self-reflection were identified by contrasting viewing a fixation vs. font judgment and trait judgments on oneself vs. a celebrity, respectively. The analyses of the pre-priming functional MRI (fMRI) data identified the default-mode activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), ventral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and parahippocampal gyrus, and the activity underlying instructed self-reflection in both the ventral and dorsal regions of the MPFC. The analyses of the post-priming fMRI data revealed that, relative to leisure time priming, reminding mortality significantly reduced the default-mode PCC activity, and reminding physical pain significantly decreased the dorsal MPFC activity during instructed self-reflection. Our findings suggest distinct neural underpinnings of the effect of reminding morality and aversive emotion on default-mode and instructed self-reflection.

Evaluating the anti Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. axenically under reducing oxygen conditions and in intracellular assays

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background In tuberculosis (TB), the steadily increasing bacterial resistance to existing drugs and latent TB continue to be major concerns. A combination of conventional drugs and plant derived therapeutics can serve to expand the antimicrobial spectrum, prevent the emergence of drug resistant mutants and minimize toxicity. Alpinia galanga, used in various traditional medicines, possesses broad spectrum antibacterial properties. The study was undertaken to assess the antimycobacterial potential of A. galanga in axenic (under aerobic and anaerobic conditions) and intracellular assays. Methods Phytochemical analysis was done using HPTLC. The acetone, aqueous and ethanolic extracts (1, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) of A. galanga were tested axenically using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37Rv and three drug sensitive and three multi drug resistant clinical isolates. The activity of the extracts was also evaluated intracellularly in A549 cell line against these strains. The extracts active under intracellular conditions were further tested in an axenic setup under reducing oxygen concentrations using only H37Rv. Results 1´ acetoxychavicol acetate, the reference standard used, was present in all the three extracts. The acetone and ethanolic extracts were active in axenic (aerobic and anaerobic) and intracellular assays. The aqueous extract did not demonstrate activity under the defined assay parameters. Conclusion A. galanga exhibits anti M.tb activity with multiple modes of action. Since the activity of the extracts was observed under reducing oxygen concentrations, it may be effective in treating the dormant and non-replicating bacteria of latent TB. Though the hypothesis needs further testing, A. galanga being a regular dietary component may be utilized in combination with the conventional TB therapy for enhanced efficacy. PMID:24592852

Period gene expression in four neurons is sufficient for rhythmic activity of Drosophila melanogaster under dim light conditions.

PubMed

Rieger, Dirk; Wülbeck, Corinna; Rouyer, Francois; Helfrich-Förster, Charlotte

2009-08-01

The clock gene expressing lateral neurons (LN) is crucial for Drosophila 's rhythmic locomotor activity under constant conditions. Among the LN, the PDF expressing small ventral lateral neurons (s-LN(v)) are thought to control the morning activity of the fly (M oscillators) and to drive rhythmic activity under constant darkness. In contrast, a 5th PDF-negative s-LN( v) and the dorsal lateral neurons (LN(d)) appeared to control the fly's evening activity (E oscillators) and to drive rhythmic activity under constant light. Here, the authors restricted period gene expression to 4 LN-the 5th s-LN(v) and 3 LN(d)- that are all thought to belong to the E oscillators and tested them in low light conditions. Interestingly, such flies showed rather normal bimodal activity patterns under light moonlight and constant moonlight conditions, except that the phase of M and E peaks was different. This suggests that these 4 neurons behave as ''M'' and ''E'' cells in these conditions. Indeed, they found by PER and TIM immunohistochemistry that 2 LN(d) advanced their phase upon moonlight as predicted for M oscillators, whereas the 5th s-LN(v) and 1 LN(d) delayed their activity upon moonlight as predicted for E oscillators. Their results suggest that the M or E characteristic of clock neurons is rather flexible. M and E oscillator function may not be restricted to certain anatomically defined groups of clock neurons but instead depends on the environmental conditions.

29 CFR 779.110 - Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them... Act May Apply: Basic Principles and Individual Coverage Employees Engaged in Commerce Or in the Production of Goods for Commerce § 779.110 Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the...

29 CFR 779.110 - Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them... Act May Apply: Basic Principles and Individual Coverage Employees Engaged in Commerce Or in the Production of Goods for Commerce § 779.110 Employees in retailing whose activities may bring them under the...

49 CFR 17.6 - What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations? 17.6 Section 17.6 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 17.6 What...

25 CFR 1000.244 - May the Secretary suspend construction activities under an AFA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... construction activities under an AFA? (a) The Secretary may require a Tribe/Consortium to suspend certain work under a construction portion of an AFA for up to 30 days only if: (1) Site conditions adversely affect health and safety; or (2) Work in progress or completed fails to substantially carry out the terms of the...

Activity of Lower Limb Muscles During Squat With and Without Abdominal Drawing-in and Pilates Breathing.

PubMed

Barbosa, Alexandre C; Martins, Fábio M; Silva, Angélica F; Coelho, Ana C; Intelangelo, Leonardo; Vieira, Edgar R

2017-11-01

Barbosa, AC, Martins, FM, Silva, AF, Coelho, AC, Intelangelo, L, and Vieira, ER. Activity of lower limb muscles during squat with and without abdominal drawing-in and Pilates breathing. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3018-3023, 2017-The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of abdominal drawing-in and Pilates breathing on the activity of lower limb muscles during squats. Adults (n = 13, 22 ± 3 years old) with some Pilates experience performed three 60° squats under each of the following conditions in a random order: (I) normal breathing, (II) drawing-in maneuver with normal breathing, and (III) drawing-in maneuver with Pilates breathing. Peak-normalized surface electromyography of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, and tibialis anterior during the knee flexion and extension phases of squat exercises was analyzed. There were significant differences among the conditions during the knee flexion phase for the rectus femoris (p = 0.001), biceps femoris (p = 0.038), and tibialis anterior (p = 0.001), with increasing activation from conditions I to III. For the gastrocnemius medialis, there were significant differences among the conditions during the knee extension phase (p = 0.023), with increased activity under condition I. The rectus and biceps femoris activity was higher during the extension vs. flexion phase under conditions I and II. The tibialis anterior activity was higher during the flexion compared with the extension phase under all conditions, and the medial gastrocnemius activity was higher during the extension phase under condition I. Doing squats with abdominal drawing-in and Pilates breathing resulted in increased rectus, biceps femoris, and tibialis anterior activity during the flexion phase, increasing movement stability during squat exercises.

[Effects of melaxen and valdoxan on the activity of glutathione antioxidant system and NADPH-producing enzymes in rat heart under experimental hyperthyroidism conditions].

PubMed

Gorbenko, M V; Popova, T N; Shul'gin, K K; Popov, S S

2013-01-01

The effects of melaxen and valdoxan on the activity of glutathione antioxidant system and some NADPH-producing enzymes have been studied under conditions of experimental hyperthyroidism in rat heart. Under the action of these drugs, reduced glutathione (GSH) content increased as compared to values observed under the conditions of pathology. It has been established that the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase (increased under pathological conditions) change toward the intact control values upon the introduction of both drugs. The influence of melaxen and valdoxan, capable of producing antioxidant effect, leads apparently to the inhibition of free-radical oxidation processes and, as a consequence, the reduction of mobilization degree of the glutathione antioxidant system.

Development of Ultra-Low Platinum Alloy Cathode Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Popov, Branko N.; Weidner, John

2016-01-07

The goal of this project is to synthesize a low cost PEM fuel cell cathode catalyst and support with optimized average mass activity, stability of mass activity, initial high current density performance under H 2/air (power density), and catalyst and support stability able to meet 2017 DOE targets for electrocatalysts for transportation applications. Pt*/ACCS-2 catalyst was synthesized according to a novel methodology developed at USC through: (i) surface modification, (ii) metal catalyzed pyrolysis and (iii) chemical leaching to remove excess meal used to dope the support. Pt* stands for suppressed platinum catalyst synthesized with Co doped platinum. The procedure resultsmore » in increasing carbon graphitization, inclusion of cobalt in the bulk and formation of non-metallic active sites on the carbon surface. Catalytic activity of the support shows an onset potential of 0.86 V for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with well-defined kinetic and mass transfer regions and 2.5% H 2O 2 production. Pt*/ACCS-2 catalyst durability under 0.6-1.0 V potential cycling and support stability under 1.0-1.5 V potential cycling was evaluated. The results indicated excellent catalyst and support performance under simulated start-up/shut down operating conditions (1.0 – 1.5 V, 5000 cycles) which satisfy DOE 2017 catalyst and support durability and activity. The 30% Pt*/ACCS-2 catalyst showed high initial mass activity of 0.34 A/mg PGM at 0.9 ViR-free and loss of mass activity of 45% after 30,000 cycles (0.6-1.0 V). The catalyst performance under H 2-air fuel cell operating conditions showed only 24 mV (iR-free) loss at 0.8 A/cm 2 with an ECSA loss of 42% after 30,000 cycles (0.6-1.0 V). The support stability under 1.0-1.5 V potential cycling showed mass activity loss of 50% and potential loss of 8 mV (iR-free) at 1.5 A/cm 2. The ECSA loss was 22% after 5,000 cycles. Furthermore, the Pt*/ACCS-2 catalyst showed an initial power density (rated) of 0.174 g PGM/kW. Excellent activity and stability of the catalyst are due to synergistic effect of the catalytic activity and stability of ACCS-2, its enhanced hydrophobicity as well as activity of compressive Pt* lattice catalysts. For the first time, we report a carbon based support which is stable under simulated start-up/shut down operating conditions. Five 25cm 2 MEA’s were fabricated at USC using Pt*/ACCS-2 cathode catalyst for independent evaluation at National Renewable Energy. In the Final NREL report they summarize their results as follow: (1) Initial ORR activity and performance of the USC MEA’s Pt*/ACCS-2 under oxygen air, evaluated at NREL were comparable to that measured and reported by USC in their report: (2) Cyclic durability studies indicate that Pt*/ACCS-2 catalysts has minimal losses in activity and performant under 1-1.5 V potential cycling indicating a robust corrosion resistant support.« less

A Futile Redox Cycle Involving Neuroglobin Observed at Physiological Temperature.

PubMed

Liu, Anyang; Brittain, Thomas

2015-08-24

Previous studies identifying the potential anti-apoptotic role of neuroglobin raise the question as to how cells might employ neuroglobin to avoid the apoptotic impact of acute hypoxia whilst also avoiding chronic enhancement of tumour formation. We show that under likely physiological conditions neuroglobin can take part in a futile redox cycle. Determination of the rate constants for each of the steps in the cycle allows us to mathematically model the steady state concentration of the active anti-apoptotic ferrous form of neuroglobin under various conditions. Under likely normal physiological conditions neuroglobin is shown to be present in the ferrous state at approximately 30% of its total cellular concentration. Under hypoxic conditions this rapidly rises to approximately 80%. Temporal analysis of this model indicates that the transition from low concentrations to high concentration of ferrous neuroglobin occurs on the seconds time scale. These findings indicate a potential control model for the anti-apoptotic activity of neuroglobin, under likely physiological conditions, whereby, in normoxic conditions, the anti-apoptotic activity of neuroglobin is maintained at a low level, whilst immediately a transition occurs to a hypoxic situation, as might arise during stroke, the anti-apoptotic activity is drastically increased. In this way the cell avoids unwanted increased oncogenic potential under normal conditions, but the rapid activation of neuroglobin provides anti-apoptotic protection in times of acute hypoxia.

O2 availability impacts iron homeostasis in Escherichia coli.

PubMed

Beauchene, Nicole A; Mettert, Erin L; Moore, Laura J; Keleş, Sündüz; Willey, Emily R; Kiley, Patricia J

2017-11-14

The ferric-uptake regulator (Fur) is an Fe 2+ -responsive transcription factor that coordinates iron homeostasis in many bacteria. Recently, we reported that expression of the Escherichia coli Fur regulon is also impacted by O 2 tension. Here, we show that for most of the Fur regulon, Fur binding and transcriptional repression increase under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that Fur is controlled by O 2 availability. We found that the intracellular, labile Fe 2+ pool was higher under anaerobic conditions compared with aerobic conditions, suggesting that higher Fe 2+ availability drove the formation of more Fe 2+ -Fur and, accordingly, more DNA binding. O 2 regulation of Fur activity required the anaerobically induced FeoABC Fe 2+ uptake system, linking increased Fur activity to ferrous import under iron-sufficient conditions. The increased activity of Fur under anaerobic conditions led to a decrease in expression of ferric import systems. However, the combined positive regulation of the feoABC operon by ArcA and FNR partially antagonized Fur-mediated repression of feoABC under anaerobic conditions, allowing ferrous transport to increase even though Fur is more active. This design feature promotes a switch from ferric import to the more physiological relevant ferrous iron under anaerobic conditions. Taken together, we propose that the influence of O 2 availability on the levels of active Fur adds a previously undescribed layer of regulation in maintaining cellular iron homeostasis.

O2 availability impacts iron homeostasis in Escherichia coli

PubMed Central

Beauchene, Nicole A.; Mettert, Erin L.; Moore, Laura J.; Keleş, Sündüz; Willey, Emily R.; Kiley, Patricia J.

2017-01-01

The ferric-uptake regulator (Fur) is an Fe2+-responsive transcription factor that coordinates iron homeostasis in many bacteria. Recently, we reported that expression of the Escherichia coli Fur regulon is also impacted by O2 tension. Here, we show that for most of the Fur regulon, Fur binding and transcriptional repression increase under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that Fur is controlled by O2 availability. We found that the intracellular, labile Fe2+ pool was higher under anaerobic conditions compared with aerobic conditions, suggesting that higher Fe2+ availability drove the formation of more Fe2+-Fur and, accordingly, more DNA binding. O2 regulation of Fur activity required the anaerobically induced FeoABC Fe2+ uptake system, linking increased Fur activity to ferrous import under iron-sufficient conditions. The increased activity of Fur under anaerobic conditions led to a decrease in expression of ferric import systems. However, the combined positive regulation of the feoABC operon by ArcA and FNR partially antagonized Fur-mediated repression of feoABC under anaerobic conditions, allowing ferrous transport to increase even though Fur is more active. This design feature promotes a switch from ferric import to the more physiological relevant ferrous iron under anaerobic conditions. Taken together, we propose that the influence of O2 availability on the levels of active Fur adds a previously undescribed layer of regulation in maintaining cellular iron homeostasis. PMID:29087312

Abnormal Brain Activation During Theory of Mind Tasks in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Kronbichler, Lisa; Tschernegg, Melanie; Martin, Anna Isabel; Schurz, Matthias; Kronbichler, Martin

2017-10-21

Social cognition abilities are severely impaired in schizophrenia (SZ). The current meta-analysis used foci of 21 individual studies on functional abnormalities in the schizophrenic brain in order to identify regions that reveal convergent under- or over-activation during theory of mind (TOM) tasks. Studies were included in the analyses when contrasting tasks that require the processing of mental states with tasks which did not. Only studies that investigated patients with an ICD or DSM diagnosis were included. Quantitative voxel-based meta-analyses were done using Seed-based d Mapping software. Common TOM regions like medial-prefrontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction revealed abnormal activation in schizophrenic patients: Under-activation was identified in the medial prefrontal cortex, left orbito-frontal cortex, and in a small section of the left posterior temporo-parietal junction. Remarkably, robust over-activation was identified in a more dorsal, bilateral section of the temporo-parietal junction. Further abnormal activation was identified in medial occipito-parietal cortex, right premotor areas, left cingulate gyrus, and lingual gyrus. The findings of this study suggest that SZ patients simultaneously show over- and under-activation in TOM-related regions. Especially interesting, temporo-parietal junction reveals diverging activation patterns with an under-activating left posterior and an over-activating bilateral dorsal section. In conclusion, SZ patients show less specialized brain activation in regions linked to TOM and increased activation in attention-related networks suggesting compensatory effects. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.

[Features of cholecalciferol hydroxylation in the liver of rats in conditions of D-hypervitaminosis and activity of alpha-tocopherol].

PubMed

Velykyĭ, M M; Apukhovs'ka, L I; Vasylevs'ka, V M; Lotots'ka, O Iu; Besusiak, A I; Khomenko, A V

2010-01-01

It is shown, that hepatocytes contain two (microsomal and mitochondrial) vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase enzymes, which differ as to their activity and function with maximal activity at different concentrations to substrate, namely at 15 microM and 100 microM of vitamin D3, accordingly. Activity of vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase enzymes of hepatocytes is regulated by cholecalciferol and alpha-tocopherol. The general and microsomal vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase enzymes activity of hepatocytes is lowered, but mitochondrial isoform is increased under D-hypervitaminosis conditions. Vitamin E increases microsomal vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activity and decreases mitochondrial isoform activity of rats hepatocytes under D-hypervitaminosis conditions. It is established that D-hypervitaminosis is accompanied by expressed hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, by decreased contents of mineral components in the bone tissue and high activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum. The physiological doses of vitamin E under these conditions normalized the mineral metabolism, contents of calcium, phosphates and activity of alkaline phosphatase isoform in the blood serum.

Photocatalytic activity of attapulgite–BiOCl–TiO{sub 2} toward degradation of methyl orange under UV and visible light irradiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Lili, E-mail: zll@hytc.edu.cn; Zhang, Jiahui; Zhang, Weiguang

2015-06-15

Highlights: • Excellent photocatalyst was obtained by introducing BiOCl–TiO{sub 2} onto attapulgite. • 100 mg L{sup −1} methyl orange (MO) was totally decomposed under UV light within 70 min. • 92.6% of 10 mg L{sup −1} MO was decomposed within 120 min under visible light. • ATT–BiOCl–TiO{sub 2} show better activity than P{sub 25} especially under visible light. • Mechanism of photocatalytic activity enhancement was identified. - Abstract: An environmental friendly composite photocatalyst with efficient UV and visible light activity has been synthesized by introducing BiOCl–TiO{sub 2} hybrid oxide onto the surface of attapulgite (ATT) (denoted as ATT–BiOCl–TiO{sub 2}), usingmore » a simple in situ depositing technique. The obtained products were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra measurements. Results showed that BiOCl–TiO{sub 2} composite particles were successfully loaded onto attapulgite fibers' surface without obvious aggregation. The photocatalytic activity of ATT–BiOCl–TiO{sub 2} was investigated by degradation of methyl orange under UV and visible light irradiation. It was found that 100 mg L{sup −1} methyl orange was totally decomposed under UV light within 70 min and 92.57% of 10 mg L{sup −1} methyl orange was decomposed under visible light within 120 min using ATT–BiOCl–TiO{sub 2} as photocatalyst. These results were quite better than that of P{sub 25}, especially under visible light irradiation. Possible mechanism for the enhancement was proposed.« less

The redox state of the apoplast influences the acclimation of photosynthesis and leaf metabolism to changing irradiance

PubMed Central

Karpinska, Barbara; Zhang, Kaiming; Rasool, Brwa; Pastok, Daria; Morris, Jenny; Verrall, Susan R.; Hedley, Pete E.

2017-01-01

Abstract The redox state of the apoplast is largely determined by ascorbate oxidase (AO) activity. The influence of AO activity on leaf acclimation to changing irradiance was explored in wild‐type (WT) and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) lines containing either high [pumpkin AO (PAO)] or low [tobacco AO (TAO)] AO activity at low [low light (LL); 250 μmol m−2 s−1] and high [high light (HL); 1600 μmol m−2 s−1] irradiance and following the transition from HL to LL. AO activities changed over the photoperiod, particularly in the PAO plants. AO activity had little effect on leaf ascorbate, which was significantly higher under HL than under LL. Apoplastic ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratios and threonate levels were modified by AO activity. Despite decreased levels of transcripts encoding ascorbate synthesis enzymes, leaf ascorbate increased over the first photoperiod following the transition from HL to LL, to much higher levels than LL‐grown plants. Photosynthesis rates were significantly higher in the TAO leaves than in WT or PAO plants grown under HL but not under LL. Sub‐sets of amino acids and fatty acids were lower in TAO and WT leaves than in the PAO plants under HL, and following the transition to LL. Light acclimation processes are therefore influenced by the apoplastic as well as chloroplastic redox state. PMID:28369975

[Effect of exogenous sucrose on growth and active ingredient content of licorice seedlings under salt stress conditions].

PubMed

Liu, Fu-zhi; Yang, Jun

2015-11-01

Licorice seedlings were taken as experimental materials, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of exogenous sucrose on growth and active ingredient content of licorice seedlings under NaCl stress conditions. The results of this study showed that under salt stress conditions, after adding a certain concentration of exogenous sucrose, the licorice seedlings day of relative growth rate was increasing, and this stress can be a significant weakening effect, indicating that exogenous sucrose salt stress-relieving effect. The total flavonoids and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity were significantly increased, the exogenous sucrose can mitigated the seedling roots under salt stress, the licorice flavonoid content in the enhanced growth was largely due to the activity of PAL an increased, when the concentration of exogenous sucrose wae 10 mmol x L(-1), PAL activity reaching a maximum, when the concentration of exogenous sucrose was 15 mmol x L(-1), PAL activity turned into a downward trend, the results indicating that this mitigation has concentration effect. After applying different concentrations of exogenous sugar, the contents of liquiritin changes with the change of flavonoids content was similar. After applying different concentrations of exogenous sucrose, the content of licorice acid under salt stress was higher than the levels were not reached during salt stress, the impact of exogenous sucrose concentration gradient of licorice acid accumulation was not obvious.

Effect of seasonal abiotic conditions and field margin habitat on the activity of Pandora neoaphidis inoculum on soil.

PubMed

Baverstock, J; Clark, S J; Pell, J K

2008-03-01

The ability of the aphid pathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis to remain active in the absence of a resting stage through a combination of continuous infection and as conidia deposited on soil was assessed alongside the potential for planted field margins to act as a refuge for the fungus. P. neoaphidis was able to infect the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, when maintained under controlled conditions that simulated those that occur seasonally in the UK. Although there was a significant inverse relationship between temperature and time-to-kill, with death occurring after 4.2, 6.9 and 13.6 days when maintained under fluctuating summer, autumn and winter temperatures, respectively, there were no additional statistically significant effects of photoperiod. The activity of inoculum on soil was indirectly assessed by baiting with A. pisum. Under controlled conditions P. neoaphidis remained active on soil and was able to infect aphids for up to 80 days. However, the percentage of aphids that became infected decreased from 76% on day 1 to 11% on day 80. Whereas there was little difference in the activity of conidia that had been maintained at 4 degrees C and 10 degrees C, activity at 18 degrees C was considerably reduced. Under field conditions the activity of inoculum was strongly influenced by season. On day 49 there was little or no activity during spring, summer or winter. However, during autumn a mean proportion of 0.08 aphids still became infected with P. neoaphidis. Margin type did not affect the activity of conidia nor was there a difference in activity between blocks that had regenerated naturally and those that had been planted. These results suggest that P. neoaphidis can infect aphids and remain active on soil under the abiotic conditions that occur seasonally in the UK and that this fungus may be able to persist annually without a resting stage.

Effects of BOSU ball(s) during sit-ups with body weight and added resistance on core muscle activation.

PubMed

Saeterbakken, Atle H; Andersen, Vidar; Jansson, June; Kvellestad, Ann C; Fimland, Marius S

2014-12-01

The objective of this study was to assess the electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominis (upper and lower part) and external oblique during sit-ups performed on BOSU ball(s). Twenty-four men participated in a familiarization session, and in the next session, they performed the experimental tests in randomized order. The sit-ups were performed with 10 repetitions with body weight and with 10 repetition maximum (10RM) using elastic bands as external resistance under 4 different conditions: (a) on a stable surface, (b) with the BOSU ball under their feet (dome side down, lower-body instability), (c) BOSU ball under the low back (dome side up, upper-body instability), and (d) with BOSU balls under both feet and the low back (dual instability). The feet were not attached to the surface. We observed that with body weight, external oblique activation was decreased by upper-body instability and dual instability by 22-24% (p = 0.002-0.006), whereas the rectus abdominis was not affected by the surface. Using 10RM loads, the upper and lower rectus abdominis activities were increased by upper body and dual instability by 21-24% compared with that for a stable surface (P ≤ 0.001-0.036). Further, lower-body instability did not affect muscle activities significantly with either load for any condition. Hence, BOSU balls under the low back can increase and decrease abdominal muscle activation depending on the load, whereas placing a BOSU ball under the feet with the dome side down had little impact.

75 FR 78978 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

..., processing and maintaining information and disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to... information, processing and maintaining information and disclosing and providing information; adjust the... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review...

20 CFR 663.120 - Are displaced homemakers eligible for dislocated worker activities under WIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) ADULT AND DISLOCATED WORKER ACTIVITIES UNDER TITLE I OF THE WORKFORCE INVESTMENT ACT Delivery of Adult and Dislocated Worker Services Through the One-Stop Delivery... the adult program. ...

20 CFR 663.120 - Are displaced homemakers eligible for dislocated worker activities under WIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) ADULT AND DISLOCATED WORKER ACTIVITIES UNDER TITLE I OF THE WORKFORCE INVESTMENT ACT Delivery of Adult and Dislocated Worker Services Through the One-Stop Delivery... the adult program. ...

20 CFR 663.120 - Are displaced homemakers eligible for dislocated worker activities under WIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) ADULT AND DISLOCATED WORKER ACTIVITIES UNDER TITLE I OF THE WORKFORCE INVESTMENT ACT Delivery of Adult and Dislocated Worker Services Through the One-Stop Delivery... the adult program. ...

30 CFR 251.6 - Obligations and rights under a permit or a Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... or scientific research activities under MMS permit or Notice: (a) You must not: (1) Interfere with or... conducting exploration or scientific research activities. (c) You must also consult and coordinate your G&G...

30 CFR 251.6 - Obligations and rights under a permit or a Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and rights under a permit or a Notice. While conducting G&G exploration or scientific research... scientific research activities. (c) You must also consult and coordinate your G&G activities with other users...

48 CFR 1552.237-74 - Publicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Section 1552.237-74 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CLAUSES AND... removal or remedial activities under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability... any information to the news media regarding the removal or remedial activities being conducted under...

48 CFR 1552.237-74 - Publicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Section 1552.237-74 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CLAUSES AND... removal or remedial activities under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability... any information to the news media regarding the removal or remedial activities being conducted under...

75 FR 61162 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Application for Exportation of Articles Under Special Bond

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-04

... Activities: Application for Exportation of Articles Under Special Bond AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border... of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval in accordance with the Paperwork [[Page 61163

78 FR 16663 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-18

... COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork...: Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC''), Attention: Gary J. Martinaitis, Division of Market...

Antibacterial Activity of Polyphenols: Structure-Activity Relationship and Influence of Hyperglycemic Condition.

PubMed

Xie, Yixi; Chen, Jing; Xiao, Aiping; Liu, Liangliang

2017-11-06

Polyphenols are plant-derived natural products with well-documented health benefits to human beings, such as antibacterial activities. However, the antibacterial activities of polyphenols under hyperglycemic conditions have been rarely studied, which could be relevant to their antibacterial efficacy in disease conditions, such as in diabetic patients. Herein, the antibacterial activities of 38 polyphenols under mimicked hyperglycemic conditions were evaluated. The structure-antibacterial activity relationships of polyphenols were also tested and analyzed. The presence of glucose apparently promoted the growth of the bacterial strains tested in this study. The OD600 values of tested bacteria strains increased from 1.09-fold to 1.49-fold by adding 800 mg/dL glucose. The polyphenols showed structurally dependent antibacterial activities, which were significantly impaired under the hyperglycemic conditions. The results from this study indicated that high blood glucose might promote bacterial infection, and the hyperglycemic conditions resulting from diabetes were likely to suppress the antibacterial benefits of polyphenols.

Dynamic processes at stress promoters regulate the bimodal expression of HOG response genes

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Osmotic stress triggers the activation of the HOG (high osmolarity glycerol) pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This signaling cascade culminates in the activation of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) Hog1. Quantitative single cell measurements revealed a discrepancy between kinase- and transcriptional activities of Hog1. While kinase activity increases proportionally to stress stimulus, gene expression is inhibited under low stress conditions. Interestingly, a slow stochastic gene activation process is responsible for setting a tunable threshold for gene expression under basal or low stress conditions, which generates a bimodal expression pattern at intermediate stress levels. PMID:22446531

Negative Emotion Weakens the Degree of Self-Reference Effect: Evidence from ERPs

PubMed Central

Fan, Wei; Zhong, Yiping; Li, Jin; Yang, Zilu; Zhan, Youlong; Cai, Ronghua; Fu, Xiaolan

2016-01-01

We investigated the influence of negative emotion on the degree of self-reference effect using event-related potentials (ERPs). We presented emotional pictures and self-referential stimuli (stimuli that accelerate and improve processing and improve memory of information related to an individual’s self-concept) in sequence. Participants judged the color of the target stimulus (self-referential stimuli). ERP results showed that the target stimuli elicited larger P2 amplitudes under neutral conditions than under negative emotional conditions. Under neutral conditions, N2 amplitudes for highly self-relevant names (target stimulus) were smaller than those for any other names. Under negative emotional conditions, highly and moderately self-referential stimuli activated smaller N2 amplitudes. P3 amplitudes activated by self-referential processing under negative emotional conditions were smaller than neutral conditions. In the left and central sites, highly self-relevant names activated larger P3 amplitudes than any other names. But in the central sites, moderately self-relevant names activated larger P3 amplitudes than non-self-relevant names. The findings indicate that negative emotional processing could weaken the degree of self-reference effect. PMID:27733836

Titania modified activated carbon prepared from sugarcane bagasse: adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation.

PubMed

El-Salamony, R A; Amdeha, E; Ghoneim, S A; Badawy, N A; Salem, K M; Al-Sabagh, A M

2017-12-01

Activated carbon (AC), prepared from sugarcane bagasse waste through a low-temperature chemical carbonization treatment, was used as a support for nano-TiO 2 . TiO 2 supported on AC (xTiO 2 -AC) catalysts (x = 10, 20, 50, and 70 wt.%) were prepared through a mechano-mixing method. The photocatalysts were characterized by Raman, X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR, S BET , field emission scanning electron microscope, and optical technique. The adsorption and photo-activity of the prepared catalysts (xTiO 2 -AC) were evaluated using methylene blue (MB) dye. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was evaluated under UVC irradiation and visible light. The degradation percentage of the 100 ppm MB at neutral pH using 20TiO 2 -AC reaches 96 and 91 after 180 min under visible light and UV irradiation, respectively. In other words, these catalysts are more active under visible light than under UV light irradiation, opening the possibility of using solar light for this application.

TORC1 activity is partially reduced under nitrogen starvation conditions in sake yeast Kyokai no. 7, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PubMed

Nakazawa, Nobushige; Sato, Aya; Hosaka, Masahiro

2016-03-01

Industrial yeasts are generally unable to sporulate but treatment with the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin restores this ability in a sake yeast strain Kyokai no. 7 (K7), Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This finding suggests that TORC1 is active under sporulation conditions. Here, using a reporter gene assay, Northern and Western blots, we tried to gain insight into how TORC1 function under nitrogen starvation conditions in K7 cells. Similarly to a laboratory strain, RPS26A transcription was repressed and Npr1 was dephosphorylated in K7 cells, indicative of the expected loss of TORC1 function under nitrogen starvation. The expression of nitrogen catabolite repression-sensitive genes, however, was not induced, the level of Cln3 remained constant, and autophagy was more slowly induced than in a laboratory strain, all suggestive of active TORC1. We conclude that TORC1 activity is partially reduced under nitrogen starvation conditions in K7 cells. Copyright © 2015 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Glucose metabolism in batch and continuous cultures of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL 3.

PubMed

Luna, María F; Bernardelli, Cecilia E; Galar, María L; Boiardi, José L

2006-03-01

Periplasmic glucose oxidation (by way of a pyrrolo-quinoline-quinone [PQQ]-linked glucose dehydrogenase [GDH]) was observed in continuous cultures of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus regardless of the carbon source (glucose or gluconate) and the nitrogen source (N(2) or NH(3)). Its synthesis was stimulated by conditions of high energetic demand (i.e., N(2)-fixation) and/or C-limitation. Under C-excess conditions, PQQ-GDH synthesis increased with the glucose concentration in the culture medium. In batch cultures, PQQ-GDH was actively expressed in very early stages with higher activities under conditions of N(2)-fixation. Hexokinase activity was almost absent under any culture condition. Cytoplasmic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-linked glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was expressed in continuous cultures under all tested conditions, and its synthesis increased with the glucose concentration. In contrast, low activities of this enzyme were detected in batch cultures. Periplasmic oxidation, by way of PQQ-GDH, seems to be the principal pathway for metabolism of glucose in G. Diazotrophicus, and NAD-GDH is an alternative route under certain environmental conditions.

Cellulase with high β-glucosidase activity by Penicillium oxalicum under solid state fermentation and its use in hydrolysis of cassava residue.

PubMed

Su, Lin-Hui; Zhao, Shuai; Jiang, Sui-Xin; Liao, Xu-Zhong; Duan, Cheng-Jie; Feng, Jia-Xun

2017-02-01

In this study, we investigated cellulase production by Penicillium oxalicum EU2106 under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and its hydrolysis efficiency toward NaOH-H 2 O 2 -pretreated cassava residue (NHCR) produced after bioethanol fermentation. Optimization of SSF cultivation conditions for P. oxalicum EU2106 using a Box-behnken design-based response-surface methodology resulted in maximal cellulase activity of 34.0 ± 2.8 filter-paper units/g dry substrate, exhibiting a ~ twofold increase relative to activities obtained under non-optimized conditions. Furthermore, SSF-derived cellulase converted 94.3 ± 1.5% of NHCR cellulose into glucose within 96 h. Interestingly, P. oxalicum EU2106 produced higher β-glucosidase activity under SSF conditions than that under submerged-state fermentation conditions, resulting in the elimination of cellobiose inhibition during the early stages of NHCR cellulose hydrolysis. Overall, this work provided an alternative for a potential cellulase source and a preferred option for cassava residue biotechnological application.

Postharvest responses of red and yellow sweet peppers grown under photo-selective nets.

PubMed

Selahle, Kamogelo M; Sivakumar, Dharini; Jifon, John; Soundy, Puffy

2015-04-15

Postharvest responses of red ('HTSP-3') and yellow ('Celaya') sweet pepper fruit yield, quality parameters and bioactive compounds (to three types of photo-selective nets and a standard black net) were investigated in this study. Red and yellow peppers produced under the black net retained higher β-carotene, lower total phenolic contents and showed deep red and orange colour after storage. Both peppers produced under the pearl net retained a higher ascorbic content, antioxidant scavenging activity, fruit firmness and also reduced weight loss after storage. Red and yellow peppers grown under pearl and yellow nets resulted in a higher percentage of marketable fruit, after storage. Red pepper grown under the yellow net showed a higher number of odour active aroma compounds in the fruit, while black nets significantly affected the synthesis of odour active aroma compounds during storage. Sensory analysis indicated a preference for red pepper fruits after storage from plants grown under pearl nets. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd and Mg-Y Solid Solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kula, Anna; Jia, Xiaohui; Mishra, Raj K.; Niewczas, Marek

2016-12-01

The mechanical properties of Mg-Gd and Mg-Y solid solutions have been studied under uniaxial tension and compression between 4 K and 298 K (-269 °C and 25 °C). The results reveal that Mg-Gd alloys exhibit higher strength and ductility under tension and compression attributed to the more effective solid solution strengthening and grain-boundary strengthening effects. Profuse twinning has been observed under compression, resulting in a material texture with strong dominance of basal component parallel to compression axis. Under tension, twining is less active and the texture evolution is controlled mostly by slip. The alloys exhibit pronounced yield stress asymmetry and significantly different work-hardening behavior under tension and compression. Increasing of Gd and/or Y concentration leads to the reduction of the tension-compression asymmetry due to the weakening of the recrystallization texture and more balanced twinning and slip activity during plastic deformation. The results suggest that under compression of Mg-Y alloys slip is more active than twinning in comparison to Mg-Gd alloys.

Derivation of low flow frequency distributions under human activities and its implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Shida; Liu, Pan; Pan, Zhengke; Ming, Bo; Guo, Shenglian; Xiong, Lihua

2017-06-01

Low flow, refers to a minimum streamflow in dry seasons, is crucial to water supply, agricultural irrigation and navigation. Human activities, such as groundwater pumping, influence low flow severely. In order to derive the low flow frequency distribution functions under human activities, this study incorporates groundwater pumping and return flow as variables in the recession process. Steps are as follows: (1) the original low flow without human activities is assumed to follow a Pearson type three distribution, (2) the probability distribution of climatic dry spell periods is derived based on a base flow recession model, (3) the base flow recession model is updated under human activities, and (4) the low flow distribution under human activities is obtained based on the derived probability distribution of dry spell periods and the updated base flow recession model. Linear and nonlinear reservoir models are used to describe the base flow recession, respectively. The Wudinghe basin is chosen for the case study, with daily streamflow observations during 1958-2000. Results show that human activities change the location parameter of the low flow frequency curve for the linear reservoir model, while alter the frequency distribution function for the nonlinear one. It is indicated that alter the parameters of the low flow frequency distribution is not always feasible to tackle the changing environment.

25 CFR 170.615 - Can a tribe receive advance payments for non-construction activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Can a tribe receive advance payments for non-construction... Agreements Under Isdeaa § 170.615 Can a tribe receive advance payments for non-construction activities? Yes. BIA must make advance payments to a tribe for non-construction activities under 25 U.S.C. 450l for...

25 CFR 170.615 - Can a tribe receive advance payments for non-construction activities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Can a tribe receive advance payments for non-construction... Agreements Under Isdeaa § 170.615 Can a tribe receive advance payments for non-construction activities? Yes. BIA must make advance payments to a tribe for non-construction activities under 25 U.S.C. 450l for...

12 CFR 225.171 - What are the limitations on managing or operating a portfolio company held as a merchant banking...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... banking activities under this subpart or insurance company investment activities under section 4(k)(4)(I... holding company; and (5) Any other affiliate that engages in significant equity investment activities that... operating a portfolio company held as a merchant banking investment? 225.171 Section 225.171 Banks and...

34 CFR 379.11 - What additional types of project activities may be authorized under this program?

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2010-07-01

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32 CFR 232.5 - Identification of covered borrower.

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2011-07-01

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75 FR 44063 - Designation of the National Science and Technology Council to Coordinate Certain Activities Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-28

... Activities Under the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 Memorandum for the Director of the Office of... of the United States, including the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (Title I of Public Law 98...) responsibility to coordinate activities assigned in sections 107 and 108 of the Act to the Interagency Arctic...

24 CFR 1000.144 - Are Mutual Help homes developed under the 1937 Act subject to the useful life provisions of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Are Mutual Help homes developed under the 1937 Act subject to the useful life provisions of section 205(a)(2)? 1000.144 Section 1000.144... AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Affordable Housing Activities § 1000.144 Are Mutual Help homes developed under...

24 CFR 1000.144 - Are Mutual Help homes developed under the 1937 Act subject to the useful life provisions of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Are Mutual Help homes developed under the 1937 Act subject to the useful life provisions of section 205(a)(2)? 1000.144 Section 1000.144... AMERICAN HOUSING ACTIVITIES Affordable Housing Activities § 1000.144 Are Mutual Help homes developed under...

25 CFR 900.26 - What happens if the Secretary declines a part of a proposal on the ground that the proposal...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., function, service or activity that is beyond the scope of programs covered under section 102(a) of the Act, or proposes a level of funding that is in excess of the applicable level determined under section 106... administer a program, function, service or activity that is beyond the scope of programs covered under...

25 CFR 900.26 - What happens if the Secretary declines a part of a proposal on the ground that the proposal...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., function, service or activity that is beyond the scope of programs covered under section 102(a) of the Act, or proposes a level of funding that is in excess of the applicable level determined under section 106... administer a program, function, service or activity that is beyond the scope of programs covered under...

A Scalable Heuristic for Viral Marketing Under the Tipping Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

removal of high-degree nodes. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we provide formal definitions of the tipping model. This is...that must be activated for it to become activate as well. A Scalable Heuristic for Viral Marketing Under the Tipping Model 3 Definition 1 (Threshold...returns a set of active nodes after one time step. Definition 2 (Activation Function) Given a threshold function, θ, an ac- tivation function Aθ maps

Glutamine Synthetase Isoenzymes in the Green Soil Alga Stichococcus bacillaris Naeg.

PubMed

Ahmad, I; Hellebust, J A

1987-02-01

Two forms of glutamine synthetase (GS(1) and GS(2)) have been separated from cells of Stichococcus bacillaris by fast protein liquid chromatography. The activities of the two isoenzymes were influenced by the composition of the media employed; thiol reagents were essential for stabilizing GS(2) but they suppressed GS(1) activity. The activity of each isoenzyme was, therefore, determined following separate purification procedures. Growth conditions influenced both isoenzymes; GS(2) showed maximum activity under photoautotrophic conditions, whereas GS(1) showed maximum activity under heterotrophic conditions.

Glutamine Synthetase Isoenzymes in the Green Soil Alga Stichococcus bacillaris Naeg. 1

PubMed Central

Ahmad, Iftikhar; Hellebust, Johan A.

1987-01-01

Two forms of glutamine synthetase (GS1 and GS2) have been separated from cells of Stichococcus bacillaris by fast protein liquid chromatography. The activities of the two isoenzymes were influenced by the composition of the media employed; thiol reagents were essential for stabilizing GS2 but they suppressed GS1 activity. The activity of each isoenzyme was, therefore, determined following separate purification procedures. Growth conditions influenced both isoenzymes; GS2 showed maximum activity under photoautotrophic conditions, whereas GS1 showed maximum activity under heterotrophic conditions. PMID:16665232

[Effects of Ca2+ on nitric oxide-induced adventitious rooting in cucumber under drought stress].

PubMed

Li, Chun Lan; Niu, Li Juan; Hu, Lin Li; Liao, Wei Biao; Chen, Yue

2017-11-01

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 'Xinchun 4') was used to explore the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and calcium (Ca 2+ ) during adventitious rooting under drought stress. Rooting parameters, endogenous Ca 2+ fluorescent intensity and the antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, CAT and APX) in cucumber explants under drought stress were investigated. The results showed that treatment with 200 μmol·L -1 CaCl 2 and 0.05% PEG significantly improved the number and length of adventitious root in cucumber explants under drought stress, while the application of Ca 2+ chelating agent (EGTA) and channel inhibitor (BAPTA/AM) significantly decreased NO-induced number and length of adventitious root under drought stress. Under drought stress, the fluorescence intensity of Ca 2+ in hypocotyls treated with NO and CaCl 2 was improved, however, the Ca 2+ fluorescence intensity in the hypocotyls treated with NO scavenger (cPTIO) was significantly lower than that in the hypocotyls treated with NO. Under drought stress, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the cucumber explants were significantly promoted by the treatments with NO and CaCl 2 , however, Ca 2+ chelating agent and channel inhibitor significantly decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes induced by NO. In conclusion, Ca 2+ might be involved in the process of NO-adjusted antioxidant enzymes activity during adventitious rooting under drought stress, which alleviated the negative effects of drought on the adventitious rooting and promoted the formation of adventitious roots.

Investigation on the interaction of catalase with sodium lauryl sulfonate and the underlying mechanisms.

PubMed

Wang, Jing; Jia, Rui; Wang, Jiaxi; Sun, Zhiqiang; Wu, Zitao; Liu, Rutao; Zong, Wansong

2018-02-01

As a classic type of anionic surfactants, sodium lauryl sulfonate (SLS) might change the structure and function of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) through their direct interactions. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. This study investigated the direct interaction of SLS with CAT molecule and the underlying mechanisms using multi-spectroscopic methods, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular docking studies. No obvious effects were observed on CAT structure and activity under low SLS concentration exposure. The particle size of CAT molecule decreased and CAT activity was slightly inhibited under high SLS concentration exposure. SLS prefers to bind to the interface of CAT mainly via van der Waals' forces and hydrogen bonds. Subsequently, SLS interacts with the amino acid residues around the heme groups of CAT via hydrophobic interactions and might inhibit CAT activity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

78 FR 66105 - Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-04

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2011-07-05

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-16

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

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76 FR 74053 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Reporting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-30

... Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Reporting Requirements Under EPA's Climate Leaders...: John Sottong, Climate Protection Partnerships Division, Office of Atmospheric Programs, (6202J... Inventory Pilot started during EPA's Climate Leaders Program. Title: Reporting Requirements Under EPA's...

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on daily activity rhythms of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae).

PubMed

Rivas, Gustavo B S; de Souza, Nataly Araujo; Peixoto, Alexandre A; Bruno, Rafaela V

2014-06-19

Insect vectors have been established as models in Chronobiology for many decades, and recent studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the circadian clock machinery, daily rhythms of activity and vectorial capacity. Lutzomyia longipalpis, the primary vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in the New World, is reported to have crepuscular/nocturnal activity in the wild. However, most of these studies applied hourly CDC trap captures, which is a good indicative of L. longipalpis behaviour, but has limited accuracy due to the inability to record the daily activity of a single insect during consecutive days. In addition, very little is known about the activity pattern of L. longipalpis under seasonal variations of average temperature and day length in controlled laboratory conditions. We recorded the locomotor activity of L. longipalpis males under different artificial regimes of temperature and photoperiod. First, in order to test the effects of temperature on the activity, sandflies were submitted to regimes of light/dark cycles similar to the equinox photoperiod (LD 12:12) combined with different constant temperatures (20°C, 25°C and 30°C). In addition, we recorded sandfly locomotor activity under a mild constant temperature (25°C with different day length regimes: 8 hours, 12 hours and 16 hours). L. longipalpis exhibited more activity at night, initiating dusk-related activity (onset time) at higher rather than lower temperatures. In parallel, changes of photoperiod affected anticipation as well as all the patterns of activity (onset, peak and offset time). However, under LD 16:08, sandflies presented the earliest values of maximum peak and offset times, contrary to other regimes. Herein, we showed that light and temperature modulate L. longipalpis behaviour under controlled laboratory conditions, suggesting that sandflies might use environmental information to sustain their crepuscular/nocturnal activity, as well as other important aspects as mating and host-seeking at appropriate times in different seasons. Our results depict previously unappreciated aspects of the L. longipalpis daily rhythms of activity that might have important epidemiological implications.

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on daily activity rhythms of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Insect vectors have been established as models in Chronobiology for many decades, and recent studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the circadian clock machinery, daily rhythms of activity and vectorial capacity. Lutzomyia longipalpis, the primary vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in the New World, is reported to have crepuscular/nocturnal activity in the wild. However, most of these studies applied hourly CDC trap captures, which is a good indicative of L. longipalpis behaviour, but has limited accuracy due to the inability to record the daily activity of a single insect during consecutive days. In addition, very little is known about the activity pattern of L. longipalpis under seasonal variations of average temperature and day length in controlled laboratory conditions. Methods We recorded the locomotor activity of L. longipalpis males under different artificial regimes of temperature and photoperiod. First, in order to test the effects of temperature on the activity, sandflies were submitted to regimes of light/dark cycles similar to the equinox photoperiod (LD 12:12) combined with different constant temperatures (20°C, 25°C and 30°C). In addition, we recorded sandfly locomotor activity under a mild constant temperature (25°C with different day length regimes: 8 hours, 12 hours and 16 hours). Results L. longipalpis exhibited more activity at night, initiating dusk-related activity (onset time) at higher rather than lower temperatures. In parallel, changes of photoperiod affected anticipation as well as all the patterns of activity (onset, peak and offset time). However, under LD 16:08, sandflies presented the earliest values of maximum peak and offset times, contrary to other regimes. Conclusions Herein, we showed that light and temperature modulate L. longipalpis behaviour under controlled laboratory conditions, suggesting that sandflies might use environmental information to sustain their crepuscular/nocturnal activity, as well as other important aspects as mating and host-seeking at appropriate times in different seasons. Our results depict previously unappreciated aspects of the L. longipalpis daily rhythms of activity that might have important epidemiological implications. PMID:24947114

Alterations in nitrogen metabolites after putrescine treatment in alfalfa under drought stress.

PubMed

Zeid, I M; Shedeed, Z A

2007-05-01

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa, Siwa 1) seeds were subjected to drought stress during germination by using polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) for studying the changes in some enzyme activities involved in nitrogen metabolism and the content of nitrogenous compounds during the first four days of growth after putrescine (Put) treatment. Decreasing the external water potential reduced activities of glutamate-pyruvate transferase (GPT), glutamate-oxaloacetate transferase (GOT) and RNase. Some free amino acids such as proline and glycine increased, while alanine and aspartic acid decreased. Nucleic acids content also decreased. Polyamines e.g., spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) increased at the water potential -0.4 MPa. Put treatment increased activities of GOT, GPT and RNase. Furthermore, Put treatment increased nucleic acids content and the endogenous polyamines under drought stress. Drought stress was imposed during seedling stage by decreasing soil moisture content. GOT, GPT and RNase activities increased in leaves of alfalfa seedlings under drought stress. Soluble nitrogenous compounds accumulated under drought stress, while nucleic acids content decreased. Except glutamic acid, all free amino acids detected increased under drought stress. Put treatment decreased activities of GOT, GPT and RNase, as well as reduced the accumulation of the total soluble nitrogenous compounds, but increased DNA, RNA and protein contents.

Effect of Sulfated Chitooligosaccharides on Wheat Seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress.

PubMed

Zou, Ping; Li, Kecheng; Liu, Song; He, Xiaofei; Zhang, Xiaoqian; Xing, Ronge; Li, Pengcheng

2016-04-13

In this study, sulfated chitooligosaccharide (SCOS) was applied to wheat seedlings to investigate its effect on the plants' defense response under salt stress. The antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll contents, and fluorescence characters of wheat seedlings were determined at a certain time. The results showed that treatment with exogenous SCOS could decrease the content of malondialdehyde, increase the chlorophyll contents, and modulate fluorescence characters in wheat seedlings under salt stress. In addition, SCOS was able to regulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase. Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of several antioxidant enzymes were efficiently modulated by SCOS. The results indicated that SCOS could alleviate the damage of salt stress by adjusting the antioxidant enzyme activities of plant. The effect of SCOS on the photochemical efficiency of wheat seedlings was associated with its enhanced capacity for antioxidant enzymes, which prevented structure degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus under NaCl stress. Furthermore, the effective activities of alleviating salt stress indicated the activities of SCOS were closely related with the sulfate group.

[Collagenolytic activity in several species of deuteromycetes under various storage conditions].

PubMed

Iakovleva, M B; Khoang, T L; Nikitina, Z K

2006-01-01

The ability of deuteromycetes of the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Botrytis to retain collagenolytic activity was studied after both 2 and 10 years of storage on a Czapek medium under a layer of mineral oil at 4 degrees C, as well as in silica gel granules at 20 and -60 degrees C. The enzymatic activity of several species, including Botrytis terrestris, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Penicillium citrinum, was retained under both conditions of storage. Aspergillus repens retained enzymatic activity only if stored under a layer of mineral oil. The viability of conidia and the collagenolytic activity of Botrytis terrestris, P. janthinellum, P. chrysogenum, and Penicillium citrinum, maintained on silica gel for 10 years, depended on the storage temperature. The viability of the test strains improved after storage on a silica gel at -60 degrees C. A strain of Aspergillus repens lost its ability to dissolve collagen at various storage temperatures on the silica gel. The index of lysis for three strains of Penicillium deuteromycetes (Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Penicillium citrinum) increased after a 10-year storage on silica gel at -60 degrees C.

Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on ensemble patterns of Ca2+ activity in mouse v1: reduced direction selectivity independent of increased correlations in cellular activity.

PubMed

Goltstein, Pieter M; Montijn, Jorrit S; Pennartz, Cyriel M A

2015-01-01

Anesthesia affects brain activity at the molecular, neuronal and network level, but it is not well-understood how tuning properties of sensory neurons and network connectivity change under its influence. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging we matched neuron identity across episodes of wakefulness and anesthesia in the same mouse and recorded spontaneous and visually evoked activity patterns of neuronal ensembles in these two states. Correlations in spontaneous patterns of calcium activity between pairs of neurons were increased under anesthesia. While orientation selectivity remained unaffected by anesthesia, this treatment reduced direction selectivity, which was attributable to an increased response to the null-direction. As compared to anesthesia, populations of V1 neurons coded more mutual information on opposite stimulus directions during wakefulness, whereas information on stimulus orientation differences was lower. Increases in correlations of calcium activity during visual stimulation were correlated with poorer population coding, which raised the hypothesis that the anesthesia-induced increase in correlations may be causal to degrading directional coding. Visual stimulation under anesthesia, however, decorrelated ongoing activity patterns to a level comparable to wakefulness. Because visual stimulation thus appears to 'break' the strength of pairwise correlations normally found in spontaneous activity under anesthesia, the changes in correlational structure cannot explain the awake-anesthesia difference in direction coding. The population-wide decrease in coding for stimulus direction thus occurs independently of anesthesia-induced increments in correlations of spontaneous activity.

Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Ensemble Patterns of Ca2+ Activity in Mouse V1: Reduced Direction Selectivity Independent of Increased Correlations in Cellular Activity

PubMed Central

Goltstein, Pieter M.; Montijn, Jorrit S.; Pennartz, Cyriel M. A.

2015-01-01

Anesthesia affects brain activity at the molecular, neuronal and network level, but it is not well-understood how tuning properties of sensory neurons and network connectivity change under its influence. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging we matched neuron identity across episodes of wakefulness and anesthesia in the same mouse and recorded spontaneous and visually evoked activity patterns of neuronal ensembles in these two states. Correlations in spontaneous patterns of calcium activity between pairs of neurons were increased under anesthesia. While orientation selectivity remained unaffected by anesthesia, this treatment reduced direction selectivity, which was attributable to an increased response to the null-direction. As compared to anesthesia, populations of V1 neurons coded more mutual information on opposite stimulus directions during wakefulness, whereas information on stimulus orientation differences was lower. Increases in correlations of calcium activity during visual stimulation were correlated with poorer population coding, which raised the hypothesis that the anesthesia-induced increase in correlations may be causal to degrading directional coding. Visual stimulation under anesthesia, however, decorrelated ongoing activity patterns to a level comparable to wakefulness. Because visual stimulation thus appears to ‘break’ the strength of pairwise correlations normally found in spontaneous activity under anesthesia, the changes in correlational structure cannot explain the awake-anesthesia difference in direction coding. The population-wide decrease in coding for stimulus direction thus occurs independently of anesthesia-induced increments in correlations of spontaneous activity. PMID:25706867

Degradation pathway of 2-chloroethanol in Pseudomonas stutzeri strain JJ under denitrifying conditions.

PubMed

Dijk, John A; Gerritse, Jan; Schraa, Gosse; Stams, Alfons J M

2004-12-01

The pathway of 2-chloroethanol degradation in the denitrifying Pseudomonas stutzeri strain JJ was investigated. In cell-free extracts, activities of a phenazine methosulfate (PMS)-dependent chloroethanol dehydrogenase, an NAD-dependent chloroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and a chloroacetate dehalogenase were detected. This suggested that the 2-chloroethanol degradation pathway in this denitrifying strain is the same as found in aerobic bacteria that degrade chloroethanol. Activity towards primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, diols, and other chlorinated alcohols could be measured in cell-free extracts with chloroethanol dehydrogenase (CE-DH) activity. PMS and phenazine ethosulfate (PES) were used as primary electron acceptors, but not NAD, NADP or ferricyanide. Cells of strain JJ cultured in a continuous culture under nitrate limitation exhibited chloroethanol dehydrogenase activity that was a 12 times higher than in cells grown in batch culture. However, under chloroethanol-limiting conditions, CE-DH activity was in the same range as in batch culture. Cells grown on ethanol did not exhibit CE-DH activity. Instead, NAD-dependent ethanol dehydrogenase (E-DH) activity and PMS-dependent E-DH activity were detected.

Silicate application increases the photosynthesis and its associated metabolic activities in Kentucky bluegrass under drought stress and post-drought recovery.

PubMed

Saud, Shah; Yajun, Chen; Fahad, Shah; Hussain, Saddam; Na, Li; Xin, Li; Alhussien, Safa Abd Alaleem Fadal Elseed

2016-09-01

Drought stress is the most pervasive threat to plant growth, which disrupts the photosynthesis and its associated metabolic activities, while silicate (Si) application may have the potential to alleviate the damaging effects of drought on plant growth. In present study, the role of Si in regulating the photosynthesis and its associated metabolic events in Kentucky bluegrass (cv. Arcadia) were investigated under drought stress. Drought stress and four levels (0, 200, 400, 800 mg L(-1)) of Si (Na2SiO3.9H2O) were imposed on 1-year-old plants removed from field and cultured under glasshouse conditions. After 20 days of drought stress, the plants were re-watered to reach soil field capacity for the examination of recovery on the second and the seventh day. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design replicated four times. Drought stress severely decreased the photosynthesis, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, cholorophyll contents, Rubisco activity, and Rubisco activation state in Kentucky bluegrass. Nevertheless, application of Si had a positive influence on all these attributes, particularly under stress conditions. As compared to control, Si application at 400 mg L(-1) recorded 78, 64, and 48 % increase in photosynthesis, Rubisco initial activity, and Rubisco total activity, respectively, at 20 days of drought. Higher photosynthesis and higher Rubisco activity in Si-applied treatments suggest that Si may have possible (direct or indirect) role in maintenance of more active Rubisco enzyme and Rubisco activase and more stable proteins for carbon assimilation under stress conditions, which needs to be elucidated in further studies.

Activation of PAF-synthesizing enzymes in rat brain stem slices after LTP induction in the medial vestibular nuclei.

PubMed

Francescangeli, Ermelinda; Grassi, Silvarosa; Pettorossi, Vito E; Goracci, Gianfrancesco

2002-11-01

LysoPAF acetyltransferase (lysoPAF-AT) and PAF-synthesizing phosphocholinetransferase (PAF-PCT) are the two enzymes which catalyze the final reactions for the synthesis of PAF. Their activities, assayed in the homogenate of rat brain stem slices and under their optimal conditions, increased 5 min after high frequency stimulation of vestibular afferents, inducing LTP in the medial vestibular nuclei. The activity of phosphatidylcholine-synthesizing phosphocholinetransferase, was not affected. Sixty minutes from the induction of LTP, PAF-PCT activity, but not that of lysoPAF-AT, was still significantly higher with respect to 5 min test stimulated control. We used AP-5 to verify whether this increase was strictly dependent upon LTP induction, which requires NMDA receptor activation. In AP-5 treated slices, lysoPAF-acetyltransferase and PAF-synthesizing phosphocholinetransferase activities increased, but they were reduced after high frequency stimulation under AP-5. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the activities of PAF-synthesizing enzymes are activated soon after the induction of LTP and that this effect is linked to the activation of NMDA-receptors. We suggest that the enzyme activation by AP-5, preventing LTP, might be due to glutamate enhancement but, in neurons showing LTP and under normal conditions, the activation of potentiation mechanisms is critical for the enhancement of enzyme activities.

Effect of activated sludge culture conditions on Waxberry wastewater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Liang; He, Lingfeng; Zhang, Yongli

2018-03-01

Treated activated sludge is suitable for the treatment of wastewater. Biochemical method is used to treat the wastewater, and the influence of time on the COD index is investigated. The results showed that time had a significant effect on COD, and then affected the performance of activated sludge. Under different time, according to the order of time from short to long, COD decreases in turn. Under the action of activated sludge, the degradation of myrica rubra wastewater samples, after 25 h aeration for 96 h, the effect is better. Under this condition, the COD value was reduced at 72 mg/L, and the COD removal efficiency of myrica rubra wastewater was up to 93.39 %, and reached the two level discharge standard of municipal wastewater treatment.

Combined effect of CO2 enrichment and foliar application of salicylic acid on the production and antioxidant activities of anthocyanin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids from ginger

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration caused by climate change and agricultural practices is likely to affect biota by producing changes in plant growth, allocation and chemical composition. This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of the application of salicylic acid (SA, at two levels: 0 and 10-3 M) and CO2 enrichment (at two levels: 400 and 800 μmol·mol−1) on the production and antioxidant activities of anthocyanin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids from two Malaysian ginger varieties, namely Halia Bentong and Halia Bara. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry was employed to identify and quantify the flavonoids and anthocyanins in the ginger extracts. The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. The substrate specificity of chalcone synthase, the key enzyme for flavonoid biosynthesis, was investigated using the chalcone synthase (CHS) assay. Results CO2 levels of 800 μmol·mol−1 significantly increased anthocyanin, rutin, naringenin, myricetin, apigenin, fisetin and morin contents in ginger leaves. Meanwhile, the combined effect of SA and CO2 enrichment enhanced anthocyanin and flavonoid production compared with single treatment effects. High anthocyanin content was observed in H Bara leaves treated with elevated CO2 and SA. The highest chalcone synthase (CHS) activity was observed in plants treated with SA and CO2 enrichment. Plants not treated with SA and kept under ambient CO2 conditions showed the lowest CHS activity. The highest free radical scavenging activity corresponded to H Bara treated with SA under high CO2 conditions, while the lowest activity corresponded to H Bentong without SA treatment and under atmospheric CO2 levels. As the level of CO2 increased, the DPPH activity increased. Higher TBA activity was also recorded in the extracts of H Bara treated with SA and grown under high CO2 conditions. Conclusions The biological activities of both ginger varieties were enhanced when the plants were treated with SA and grown under elevated CO2 concentration. The increase in the production of anthocyanin and flavonoids in plants treated with SA could be attributed to the increase in CHS activity under high CO2 levels. PMID:23176249

Combined effect of CO(2) enrichment and foliar application of salicylic acid on the production and antioxidant activities of anthocyanin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids from ginger.

PubMed

Ghasemzadeh, Ali; Jaafar, Hawa Ze; Karimi, Ehsan; Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz

2012-11-23

The increase in atmospheric CO(2) concentration caused by climate change and agricultural practices is likely to affect biota by producing changes in plant growth, allocation and chemical composition. This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of the application of salicylic acid (SA, at two levels: 0 and 10-3 M) and CO(2) enrichment (at two levels: 400 and 800 μmol·mol-1) on the production and antioxidant activities of anthocyanin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids from two Malaysian ginger varieties, namely Halia Bentong and Halia Bara. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry was employed to identify and quantify the flavonoids and anthocyanins in the ginger extracts. The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. The substrate specificity of chalcone synthase, the key enzyme for flavonoid biosynthesis, was investigated using the chalcone synthase (CHS) assay. CO(2) levels of 800 μmol·mol-1 significantly increased anthocyanin, rutin, naringenin, myricetin, apigenin, fisetin and morin contents in ginger leaves. Meanwhile, the combined effect of SA and CO(2) enrichment enhanced anthocyanin and flavonoid production compared with single treatment effects. High anthocyanin content was observed in H Bara leaves treated with elevated CO(2) and SA. The highest chalcone synthase (CHS) activity was observed in plants treated with SA and CO(2) enrichment. Plants not treated with SA and kept under ambient CO(2) conditions showed the lowest CHS activity. The highest free radical scavenging activity corresponded to H Bara treated with SA under high CO(2) conditions, while the lowest activity corresponded to H Bentong without SA treatment and under atmospheric CO(2) levels. As the level of CO(2) increased, the DPPH activity increased. Higher TBA activity was also recorded in the extracts of H Bara treated with SA and grown under high CO(2) conditions. The biological activities of both ginger varieties were enhanced when the plants were treated with SA and grown under elevated CO(2) concentration. The increase in the production of anthocyanin and flavonoids in plants treated with SA could be attributed to the increase in CHS activity under high CO(2) levels.

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Significance of activity peaks in fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, under seminatural conditions.

PubMed

De, Joydeep; Varma, Vishwanath; Saha, Soham; Sheeba, Vasu; Sharma, Vijay Kumar

2013-05-28

Studies on circadian entrainment have traditionally been performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Although these studies have served the purpose of providing a broad framework for our understanding of regulation of rhythmic behaviors under cyclic conditions, they do not reveal how organisms keep time in nature. Although a few recent studies have attempted to address this, it is not yet clear which environmental factors regulate rhythmic behaviors in nature and how. Here, we report the results of our studies aimed at examining (i) whether and how changes in natural light affect activity/rest rhythm and (ii) what the functional significance of this rhythmic behavior might be. We found that wild-type strains of fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, display morning (M), afternoon (A), and evening (E) peaks of activity under seminatural conditions (SN), whereas under constant darkness in otherwise SN, they exhibited M and E peaks, and under constant light in SN, only the E peak occurred. Unlike the A peak, which requires exposure to bright light in the afternoon, light information is dispensable for the M and E peaks. Visual examination of behaviors suggests that the M peak is associated with courtship-related locomotor activity and the A peak is due to an artifact of the experimental protocol and largely circadian clock independent.

Iodine-catalyzed diazo activation to access radical reactivity.

PubMed

Li, Pan; Zhao, Jingjing; Shi, Lijun; Wang, Jin; Shi, Xiaodong; Li, Fuwei

2018-05-17

Transition-metal-catalyzed diazo activation is a classical way to generate metal carbene, which are valuable intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. An alternative iodine-catalyzed diazo activation is disclosed herein under either photo-initiated or thermal-initiated conditions, which represents an approach to enable carbene radical reactivity. This metal-free diazo activation strategy were successfully applied into olefin cyclopropanation and epoxidation, and applying this method to pyrrole synthesis under thermal-initiated conditions further demonstrates the unique reactivity using this method over typical metal-catalyzed conditions.

Reactive oxygen species stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha protein and stimulate transcriptional activity via AMP-activated protein kinase in DU145 human prostate cancer cells.

PubMed

Jung, Seung-Nam; Yang, Woo Kyeom; Kim, Joungmok; Kim, Hak Su; Kim, Eun Ju; Yun, Hee; Park, Hyunsung; Kim, Sung Soo; Choe, Wonchae; Kang, Insug; Ha, Joohun

2008-04-01

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) plays a central role in the cellular adaptive response to hypoxic conditions, which are closely related to pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the regulation of hypoxic and non-hypoxic induction of HIF-1 under various conditions, the role of ROS is quite controversial, and the mechanism underlying the HIF-1 regulation by ROS is not completely understood yet. Here, we investigated the biochemical mechanism for the ROS-induced HIF-1 by revealing a novel role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the upstream signal components. AMPK plays an essential role as energy-sensor under adenosine triphosphate-deprived conditions. Here we report that ROS induced by a direct application of H(2)O(2) and menadione to DU145 human prostate carcinoma resulted in accumulation of HIF-1alpha protein by attenuation of its degradation and activation of its transcriptional activity in an AMPK-dependent manner. By way of contrast, AMPK was required only for the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 under hypoxic condition, revealing a differential role of AMPK in these two stimuli. Furthermore, our data show that inhibition of AMPK enhances HIF-1alpha ubiquitination under ROS condition. Finally, we show that the regulation of HIF-1 by AMPK in response to ROS is under the control of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and Janus kinase 2 pathways. Collectively, our findings identify AMPK as a key determinant of HIF-1 functions in response to ROS and its possible role in the sophisticated HIF-1 regulatory mechanisms.

Biochar and lignite affect H+-ATPase and H+-PPase activities in root tonoplast and nutrient contents of mung bean under salt stress.

PubMed

Torabian, Shahram; Farhangi-Abriz, Salar; Rathjen, Judith

2018-05-31

This research was conducted to evaluate effects of biochar (50 and 100 g kg -1 soil) and lignite (50 and 100 g kg -1 soil) treatments on H + -ATPase and H + -PPase activity of root tonoplast, nutrient content, and performance of mung bean under salt stress. High saline conditions increased H + -ATPase and H + -PPase activities in root tonoplast, sodium (Na) content, reactive oxygen species (H 2 O 2 and O 2 - ) generation, relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity in root and leaf, but decreased relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content index, leaf area, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) content of plant tissues, root and shoot dry weight of mung bean. Lignite and biochar treatments decreased the H + -ATPase and H + -PPase activities of root tonoplast under salt stress. Moreover, these treatments increased the cation exchange capacity of soil and nutrient values in plant tissues. Biochar and lignite diminished the generation of reactive oxygen species and DPPH activity in root and leaf cells, and these superior effects improved chlorophyll content index, leaf area and growth of mung bean under both conditions. In general, the results of this study demonstrated that biochar and lignite decreased the entry of Na ion into the cells, enriched plant cells with nutrients, and consequently improved mung bean performance under salt toxicity. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The Interplay of Energy Balance and Daily Timing of Activity in a Subterranean Rodent: A Laboratory and Field Approach.

PubMed

Tachinardi, Patricia; Valentinuzzi, Verónica S; Oda, Gisele A; Buck, C Loren

The tuco-tuco (Ctenomys aff. knighti) is among the rodent species known to be nocturnal under standard laboratory conditions and diurnal under natural conditions. The circadian thermoenergetics (CTE) hypothesis postulates that switches in activity timing are a response to energetic challenges; daytime activity reduces thermoregulatory costs by consolidating activity to the warmest part of the day. Studying wild animals under both captive and natural conditions can increase understanding of how temporal activity patterns are shaped by the environment and could serve as a test of the CTE hypothesis. We estimated the effects of activity timing on energy expenditure for the tuco-tuco by combining laboratory measurements of metabolic rate with environmental temperature records in both winter and summer. We showed that, in winter, there would be considerable energy savings if activity is allocated at least partially during daylight, lending support to the CTE hypothesis. In summer, the impact of activity timing on energy expenditure is small, suggesting that during this season other factors, such as predation risk, water balance, and social interaction, may have more important roles than energetics in the determination of activity time.

Evaluation of affinity and pseudo-affinity adsorption processes for penicillin acylase purification.

PubMed

Fonseca, L P; Cabral, J M

1996-01-01

Affinity ligand (6-Aminopenicillanic acid, Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Benzylpenicillin and 4-Phenylbutylanzine) of penicillin acylase (EC 3.5.1.11) were attached to hydrophilic gels like Sepharose 4B-CNBr and Minileak 'medium'. Ampicillin and 4-Phenylbutylamine were the affinity ligands that presented the higher concentrations attached to both gels. Penicillin acylase adsorption on these affinity gels was mainly dependent on the activated group of the gel, the affinity ligand attached and the experimental conditions of enzyme adsorption. Under affinity conditions only the ligands Amoxycillin, Ampicillin and 4-Phenylbutylamine, immobilized on Minileak, adsorbed the enzyme from osmotic shock extracts at different pH values. These affinity ligand systems were characterized by low adsorption capacities of penicillin acylase activity (1.2-2.1 IU mL-1 gel) and specific activity (1.5-2.9 IU mg-1 prot). Under pseudo-affinity conditions all the ligands attached both activated to gels (Sepharose 4B-CNBr and Minileak) adsorbed the enzyme. The affinity gels were characterized by higher values of adsorption capacity (3.7 and 55.6 IU mL-1 gel) and adsorbed specific activity (2.0 and 6.1 IU mg-1 prot) than those observed under affinity conditions. The space arm of Minileak gel, shown to be fundamental to enzyme adsorption under affinity conditions, preferentially adsorbed proteins in relation to the enzyme under pseudo-affinity conditions. However, this effect was partially minimized when the gel was derivatized by the affinity ligands at concentrations higher than 6 mumol mL-1 gel. Ampicillin was the affinity ligand that presented the best results for specific adsorption of penicillin acylase under affinity and pseudo-affinity adsorption processes. The Sepharose 4B-CNBr derivatized gel also presented a good adsorption capacity of enzyme activity (26.8 IU mL-1 gel) under pseudo-affinity adsorption processes.

Changes in photoperiod alter Glut4 expression in skeletal muscle of C57BL/6J mice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tashiro, Ayako; Shibata, Satomi; Takai, Yusuke

Seasonal changes in photoperiod influence body weight and metabolism in mice. Here, we examined the effect of changes in photoperiod on the expression of glucose transporter genes in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice. Glut4 expression was lower in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice exposed to a short-duration day (SD) than those to a long-duration day (LD), with accompanying changes in GLUT4 protein levels. Although Glut4 expression in the mouse soleus muscle was higher under SD than under LD, GLUT4 protein levels remained unchanged. To confirm the functional significance of photoperiod-induced changes in Glut4 expression, we checkedmore » for variations in insulin sensitivity. Blood glucose levels after insulin injection remained high under SD, suggesting that the mice exposed to SD showed lower sensitivity to insulin than those exposed to LD. We also attempted to clarify the relationship between Glut4 expression and physical activity in the mice following changes in photoperiod. Locomotor activity, as detected via infrared beam sensor, was lower under SD than under LD. However, when we facilitated voluntary activity by using running wheels, the rotation of wheels was similar for both groups of mice. Although physical activity levels were enhanced due to running wheels, Glut4 expression in the gastrocnemius muscle remained unchanged. Thus, variations in photoperiod altered Glut4 expression in the mouse skeletal muscle, with subsequent changes in GLUT4 protein levels and insulin sensitivity; these effects might be independent of physical activity. - Highlights: • Glut4 expression in the gastrocnemius muscle was lowered under short photoperiod. • Insulin sensitivity was lowered under short photoperiod. • Access to running wheels did not alter Glut4 expression in the gastrocnemius muscle. • Photoperiodic changes in Glut4 expression may be independent of physical activity.« less

On the Modeling of Electrical Effects Experienced by Space Explorers During Extra Vehicular Activities: Intracorporal Currents, Resistances, and Electric Fields

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cela, Carlos J.; Loizos, Kyle; Lazzi, Gianluca; Hamilton, Douglas; Lee, Raphael C.

2011-01-01

Recent research has shown that space explorers engaged in Extra Vehicular Activities (EVAs) may be exposed, under certain conditions, to undesired electrical currents. This work focuses on determining whether these undesired induced electrical currents could be responsible for involuntary neuromuscular activity in the subjects, possibly caused by either large diameter peripheral nerve activation or reflex activity from cutaneous afferent stimulation. An efficient multiresolution variant of the admittance method along with a millimeter-resolution model of a male human body were used to calculate induced electric fields, resistance between contact electrodes used to simulate the potential exposure condition, and currents induced in the human body model. Results show that, under realistic exposure conditions using a 15V source, current density magnitudes and total current injected are well above previously reported startle reaction thresholds. This indicates that, under the considered conditions, the subjects could experience involuntary motor response.

Biotransformation of pharmaceuticals under nitrification, nitratation and heterotrophic conditions.

PubMed

Fernandez-Fontaina, E; Gomes, I B; Aga, D S; Omil, F; Lema, J M; Carballa, M

2016-01-15

The effect of nitrification, nitratation and heterotrophic conditions on the biotransformation of several pharmaceuticals in a highly enriched nitrifying activated sludge was evaluated in this study by selective activation of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and heterotrophic bacteria. Nitrifiers displayed a noticeable capacity to process ibuprofen due to hydroxylation by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) to produce 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen. Naproxen was also biotransformed under nitrifying conditions. On the other hand, heterotrophic bacteria present in the nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) biotransformed sulfamethoxazole. In contrast, both nitrifying and heterotrophic activities were ineffective against diclofenac, diazepam, carbamazepine and trimethoprim. Similar biotransformation rates of erythromycin, roxithromycin and fluoxetine were observed under all conditions tested. Overall, results from this study give more evidence on the role of the different microbial communities present in activated sludge reactors on the biological removal of pharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Neural correlate of resting-state functional connectivity under α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, medetomidine.

PubMed

Nasrallah, Fatima A; Lew, Si Kang; Low, Amanda Si-Min; Chuang, Kai-Hsiang

2014-01-01

Correlative fluctuations in functional MRI (fMRI) signals across the brain at rest have been taken as a measure of functional connectivity, but the neural basis of this resting-state MRI (rsMRI) signal is not clear. Previously, we found that the α2 adrenergic agonist, medetomidine, suppressed the rsMRI correlation dose-dependently but not the stimulus evoked activation. To understand the underlying electrophysiology and neurovascular coupling, which might be altered due to the vasoconstrictive nature of medetomidine, somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and resting electroencephalography (EEG) were measured and correlated with corresponding BOLD signals in rat brains under three dosages of medetomidine. The SEP elicited by electrical stimulation to both forepaws was unchanged regardless of medetomidine dosage, which was consistent with the BOLD activation. Identical relationship between the SEP and BOLD signal under different medetomidine dosages indicates that the neurovascular coupling was not affected. Under resting state, EEG power was the same but a depression of inter-hemispheric EEG coherence in the gamma band was observed at higher medetomidine dosage. Different from medetomidine, both resting EEG power and BOLD power and coherence were significantly suppressed with increased isoflurane level. Such reduction was likely due to suppressed neural activity as shown by diminished SEP and BOLD activation under isoflurane, suggesting different mechanisms of losing synchrony at resting-state. Even though, similarity between electrophysiology and BOLD under stimulation and resting-state implicates a tight neurovascular coupling in both medetomidine and isoflurane. Our results confirm that medetomidine does not suppress neural activity but dissociates connectivity in the somatosensory cortex. The differential effect of medetomidine and its receptor specific action supports the neuronal origin of functional connectivity and implicates the mechanism of its sedative effect. © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Impact of visual and somatosensory deprivation on dynamic balance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Kuo, Fang-Chuan; Wang, Nai-Hwei; Hong, Chang-Zern

2010-11-01

A cross-sectional study of balance control in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). To investigate the impact of visual and somatosensory deprivation on the dynamic balance in AIS patients and to discuss electromyographic (EMG) and posture sway findings. Most studies focus on posture sway in quiet standing controls with little effort on examining muscle-activated patterns in dynamic standing controls. Twenty-two AIS patients and 22 age-matched normal subjects were studied. To understand how visual and somatosensory information could modulate standing balance, balance tests with the Biodex stability system were performed on a moving platform under 3 conditions: visual feedback provided (VF), eyes closed (EC), and standing on a sponge pad with visual feedback provided (SV). Muscular activities of bilateral lumbar multifidi, gluteus medii, and gastrocnemii muscles were recorded with a telemetry EMG system. AIS patients had normal balance index and amplitude and duration of EMG similar to those of normal subjects in the balance test. However, the onset latency of right gastrocnemius was earlier in AIS patients than in normal subjects. In addition, body-side asymmetry was noted on muscle strength and onset latency in AIS subjects. Under EC condition, lumbar multifidi, and gluteus medii activities were higher than those under SV and VF conditions (P < 0.05). Under SV condition, the medial-lateral tilting angle was less than that under VF and EC conditions. In addition, the active duration of right gluteus medius was shorter under SV condition (P < 0.05). The dynamic balance control is particularly disruptive under visual deprivation with increasing lumbar multifidi and gluteus medii activities for compensation. Sponge pad can cause decrease in frontal plane tilting and gluteus medii effort. The asymmetric muscle strength and onset timing are attributed to anatomic deformation as opposed to neurologic etiological factors.

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... (Financial Statement) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration, Department of... . Please refer to ``OMB Control No. 2900-0047.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Financial Statement, VA.../assumers meet the creditworthiness requirements. The data is also used to determine a borrower's financial...

78 FR 77484 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline System Operator...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-23

... Federal agency for pipeline security, it is important for TSA to have contact information for company... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Transportation Security Administration Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline System Operator Security Information AGENCY...

78 FR 26057 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline Corporate Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-03

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline Corporate Security Review AGENCY: Transportation.... Information Collection Requirement Title: Pipeline Corporate Security Review (PCSR). Type of Request... current industry security practices through its Pipeline Corporate Security Review (PCSR) program. The...

76 FR 73020 - Agency Information Collection (Request for Transportation Expense Reimbursement): Activity Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-28

... for Transportation Expense Reimbursement): Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... for Transportation Expense Reimbursement (38 CFR 21.8370). OMB Control Number: 2900-0580. Type of... transportation expenses. To be eligible, the child must provide supportive documentation of actual expenses...

76 FR 24561 - Reports, Forms and Recordkeeping Requirements; Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-02

... new information and environmental technologies that have substantially affected marine transportation..., including the use of automated collection techniques or other forms of information technology. A comment to...; Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Maritime Administration, DOT. ACTION...

24 CFR 761.21 - Plan requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... funding source for each activity, identifying in particular all activities to be funded under this part... requirement. (a) General requirement. To receive funding under this part, each PHDEP qualified recipient or... the application for PHDEP funding, and an otherwise qualified recipient that does not submit a PHDEP...

76 FR 33031 - Agency Information Collection (Request for Contact Information) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-07

... for Contact Information) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration.... Please refer to ``OMB Control No. 2900-0660'' in any correspondence. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT... refer to ``OMB Control No. 2900-0660.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Request for Contact...

78 FR 6404 - Agency Information Collection (Loan Analysis) Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-30

... ``OMB Control No. 2900- 0523.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Loan Analysis, VA Form 26-6393. OMB... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0523] Agency Information Collection (Loan Analysis) Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration, Department of Veterans...

Soil Rhizosphere Microbial Communities and Enzyme Activities under Organic Farming

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This study investigated the activities of ß-glucosidase (C cycling, ß-glucosaminidase (C and N cycling), acid phosphatase (P cycling) and arylsulfatase (S cycling) under lettuce (Lactuca sativa), potato (Solanum Tuberosum), onion (Allium cepa L), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and Tall f...

78 FR 46594 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Aviation Security Customer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-01

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Aviation Security Customer Satisfaction Performance... surveying travelers to measure customer satisfaction of aviation security in an effort to more efficiently... Title: Aviation Security Customer Satisfaction Performance Measurement Passenger Survey. Type of Request...

75 FR 29567 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Aviation Security Customer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-26

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Aviation Security Customer Satisfaction Performance... surveying travelers to measure customer satisfaction of aviation security in an effort to more efficiently.... Information Collection Requirement OMB Control Number 1652-0013; Aviation Security Customer Satisfaction...

Medicaid program; elimination of reimbursement under Medicaid for school administration expenditures and costs related to transportation of school-age children between home and school. Final rule.

PubMed

2007-12-28

Under the Medicaid program, Federal payment is available for the costs of administrative activities "as found necessary by the Secretary for the proper and efficient administration of the State plan." This final rule eliminates Federal Medicaid payment for the costs of certain school-based administrative and transportation activities because the Secretary has found that these activities are not necessary for the proper and efficient administration of the Medicaid State plan and are not within the definition of the optional transportation benefit. Based on these determinations, under this final rule, Federal Medicaid payments will no longer be available for administrative activities performed by school employees or contractors, or anyone under the control of a public or private educational institution, and for transportation from home to school. In addition, this final rule responds to public comments received on the September 7, 2007 proposed rule.

Highly antibacterial activity of N-doped TiO2 thin films coated on stainless steel brackets under visible light irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Shuai; Liu, Bo; Fan, Lingying; Yue, Ziqi; Liu, Bin; Cao, Baocheng

2014-08-01

In this study, the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method was used to prepare a TiO2 thin film on the surface of stainless steel brackets. Eighteen groups of samples were made according to the experimental parameters. The crystal structure and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The photocatalytic properties under visible light irradiation were evaluated by measuring the degradation ratio of methylene blue. The sputtering temperature was set at 300 °C, and the time was set as 180 min, the ratio of Ar to N was 30:1, and annealing temperature was set at 450 °C. The thin films made under these parameters had the highest visible light photocatalytic activity of all the combinations of parameters tested. Antibacterial activities of the selected thin films were also tested against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans. The results demonstrated the thin film prepared under the parameters above showed the highest antibacterial activity.

Reduced feeding activity of soil detritivores under warmer and drier conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thakur, Madhav P.; Reich, Peter B.; Hobbie, Sarah E.; Stefanski, Artur; Rich, Roy; Rice, Karen E.; Eddy, William C.; Eisenhauer, Nico

2018-01-01

Anthropogenic warming is projected to trigger positive feedbacks to climate by enhancing carbon losses from the soil1. While such losses are, in part, due to increased decomposition of organic matter by invertebrate detritivores, it is unknown how detritivore feeding activity will change with warming2, especially under drought conditions. Here, using four-year manipulation experiments in two North American boreal forests, we investigate how temperature (ambient, ambient + 1.7 °C and ambient + 3.4 °C) and rainfall (ambient and -40% of the summer precipitation) perturbations influence detritivore feeding activity. In contrast to general expectations1,3, warming had negligible net effects on detritivore feeding activity at ambient precipitation. However, when combined with precipitation reductions, warming decreased feeding activity by 14%. Across all plots and dates, detritivore feeding activity was positively associated with bulk soil microbial respiration. These results suggest slower rates of decomposition of soil organic matter and thus reduced positive feedbacks to climate under anthropogenic climate change.

Prediction of primary somatosensory neuron activity during active tactile exploration

PubMed Central

Campagner, Dario; Evans, Mathew Hywel; Bale, Michael Ross; Erskine, Andrew; Petersen, Rasmus Strange

2016-01-01

Primary sensory neurons form the interface between world and brain. Their function is well-understood during passive stimulation but, under natural behaving conditions, sense organs are under active, motor control. In an attempt to predict primary neuron firing under natural conditions of sensorimotor integration, we recorded from primary mechanosensory neurons of awake, head-fixed mice as they explored a pole with their whiskers, and simultaneously measured both whisker motion and forces with high-speed videography. Using Generalised Linear Models, we found that primary neuron responses were poorly predicted by whisker angle, but well-predicted by rotational forces acting on the whisker: both during touch and free-air whisker motion. These results are in apparent contrast to previous studies of passive stimulation, but could be reconciled by differences in the kinematics-force relationship between active and passive conditions. Thus, simple statistical models can predict rich neural activity elicited by natural, exploratory behaviour involving active movement of sense organs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10696.001 PMID:26880559

Activation of surface lattice oxygen in single-atom Pt/CeO 2 for low-temperature CO oxidation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nie, Lei; Mei, Donghai; Xiong, Haifeng

While single-atom catalysts can provide high catalytic activity and selectivity, application in industrial catalysts demands long term performance and the ability to regenerate the catalysts. We have investigated the factors that lead to improved catalytic activity of a Pt/CeO2 catalyst for low temperature CO oxidation. Single-atom Pt/CeO2 becomes active for CO oxidation under lean condition only at elevated temperatures, because CO is strongly bound to ionic Pt sites. Reducing the catalyst, even under mild conditions, leads to onset of CO oxidation activity even at room temperature. This high activity state involves the transformation of mononuclear Pt species to sub-nanometer sizedmore » Pt particles. Under oxidizing conditions, the Pt can be restored to its stable, single-atom state. The key to facile regeneration is the ability to create mobile Pt species and suitable trapping sites on the support, making this a prototypical catalyst system for industrial application of single-atom catalysis.« less

Distributions of microbial activities in deep subseafloor sediments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

D'Hondt, Steven; Jorgensen, Bo Barker; Miller, D. Jay; Batzke, Anja; Blake, Ruth; Cragg, Barry A.; Cypionka, Heribert; Dickens, Gerald R.; Ferdelman, Timothy; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe;

Silicon improves seed germination and alleviates oxidative stress of bud seedlings in tomato under water deficit stress.

PubMed

Shi, Yu; Zhang, Yi; Yao, Hejin; Wu, Jiawen; Sun, Hao; Gong, Haijun

2014-05-01

The beneficial effects of silicon on plant growth and development under drought have been widely reported. However, little information is available on the effects of silicon on seed germination under drought. In this work, the effects of exogenous silicon (0.5 mM) on the seed germination and tolerance performance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) bud seedlings under water deficit stress simulated by 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) were investigated in four cultivars ('Jinpengchaoguan', 'Zhongza No.9', 'Houpi L402' and 'Oubao318'). The results showed that the seed germination percentage was notably decreased in the four cultivars under water stress, and it was significantly improved by added silicon. Compared with the non-silicon treatment, silicon addition increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and decreased the production of superoxide anion (O2·) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the radicles of bud seedlings under water stress. Addition of silicon decreased the total phenol concentrations in radicles under water stress, which might contribute to the decrease of peroxidase (POD) activity, as observed in the in vivo and in vitro experiments. The decrease of POD activity might contribute to a less accumulation of hydroxyl radical (·OH) under water stress. Silicon addition also decreased the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the radicles under stress, indicating decreased lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that exogenous silicon could improve seed germination and alleviate oxidative stress to bud seedling of tomato by enhancing antioxidant defense. The positive effects of silicon observed in a silicon-excluder also suggest the active involvement of silicon in biochemical processes in plants. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Parental Involvement in a School-Based Child Physical Activity and Nutrition Program in Southeastern United States: A Qualitative Analysis of Parenting Capacities.

PubMed

Ickes, Scott; Mahoney, Emily; Roberts, Alison; Dolan, Carrie

2016-03-01

Parent involvement varies widely in school-based programs designed to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition, yet the underlying factors that may limit parent's participation and support of learned behaviors at home are not well understood. We conducted a qualitative study that consisted of one focus group (n = 5) and 52 in-depth interviews among parents whose children participated in a school-based physical activity and nutrition (PAN) promotion program in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. We sought to identify factors that enabled or constrained parent's support of and involvement in children's programs and to understand the underlying factors that contribute to family success in making dietary and physical activity changes at home. Parents identified their physical and mental health, self-confidence, time, and decision making as underlying "capacities" in the family health pattern. When strengthened, these capacities encourage healthful family behavior and support of school-based PAN programs. Families that succeeded in adopting lessons learned from school-based PAN programs identified four primary strategies for success: shared goals, meal planning, modeling of good behaviors, and collective activities. Interventions that aim to improve child nutrition and physical activity and the broader family health environment should consider underlying capacities of parents and the importance of joint goals and activities. © 2016 Society for Public Health Education.

Early Birds by Light at Night: Effects of Light Color and Intensity on Daily Activity Patterns in Blue Tits.

PubMed

de Jong, Maaike; Caro, Samuel P; Gienapp, Phillip; Spoelstra, Kamiel; Visser, Marcel E

2017-08-01

Artificial light at night disturbs the daily rhythms of many organisms. To what extent this disturbance depends on the intensity and spectral composition of light remain obscure. Here, we measured daily activity patterns of captive blue tits ( Cyanistes caeruleus) exposed to similar intensities of green, red, or white light at night. Birds advanced their onset of activity in the morning under all light colors but more under red and white light than under green light. Offset of activity was slightly delayed in all light colors. The total activity over a 24-h period did not change but birds moved a part of their daily activity into the night. Since the effect of red and white lights are comparable, we tested the influence of light intensity in a follow-up experiment, where we compared the activity of the birds under different intensities of green and white light only. While in the higher range of intensities, the effects of white and green light were comparable; at lower intensities, green light had a less disturbing effect as compared with white light on daily rhythms in blue tits. Our results show that the extent of this disturbance can be mitigated by modulating the spectral characteristics and intensity of outdoor lighting, which is now feasible through the use of LED lighting.

Effects of UV-B irradiation on isoforms of antioxidant enzymes and their activities in red alga Grateloupia filicina (Rhodophyta)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Jiqiang; Li, Lixia

2014-11-01

Macroalgae in a littoral zone are inevitably exposed to UV-B irradiance. We analyzed the effects of UV-B on isoenzyme patterns and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) of red algae Grateloupia filicina (Lamour.) C. Agardh. The activities of SOD, CAT, and APX changed in response to UV-B in a time- and dose-dependent manner. POX activity increased significantly under all three UV-B treatments. The enzymatic assay showed three distinct bands of SODI (Mn-SOD), SODII (Fe-SOD), and SODIII (CuZn-SOD) under a low (Luv) and medium (Muv) dose of UV-B irradiation, while SODI and SODIII activities decreased significantly when exposed to a high dose of UV-B irradiation (Huv). The activity of POX isoenzymes increased significantly after exposure to UV-B, which is consistent with the total activity. In addition, a clear decrease in activity of CATIV was detected in response to all the three doses of UV treatments. Some bands of APX isoenzyme were also clearly influenced by UV-B irradiation. Correspondingly, the daily growth rate declined under all the three exposure doses, and was especially significant under Muv and Huv treatments. These data suggest that, although the protection mechanisms of antioxidant defense system are partly inducible by UV-B to prevent the damage, G. filicina has incomplete tolerance to higher UV-B irradiation stress.

Alternative electron transports participate in the maintenance of violaxanthin De-epoxidase activity of Ulva sp. under low irradiance.

PubMed

Xie, Xiujun; Gu, Wenhui; Gao, Shan; Lu, Shan; Li, Jian; Pan, Guanghua; Wang, Guangce; Shen, Songdong

2013-01-01

The xanthophyll cycle (Xc), which involves violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and the zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), is one of the most rapid and efficient responses of plant and algae to high irradiance. High light intensity can activate VDE to convert violaxanthin (Vx) to zeaxanthin (Zx) via antheraxanthin (Ax). However, it remains unclear whether VDE remains active under low light or dark conditions when there is no significant accumulation of Ax and Zx, and if so, how the ΔpH required for activation of VDE is built. In this study, we used salicylaldoxime (SA) to inhibit ZEP activity in the intertidal macro-algae Ulva sp. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) and then characterized VDE under low light and dark conditions with various metabolic inhibitors. With inhibition of ZEP by SA, VDE remained active under low light and dark conditions, as indicated by large accumulations of Ax and Zx at the expense of Vx. When PSII-mediated linear electron transport systems were completely inhibited by SA and DCMU, alternative electron transport systems (i.e., cyclic electron transport and chlororespiration) could maintain VDE activity. Furthermore, accumulations of Ax and Zx decreased significantly when SA, DCMU, or DBMIB together with an inhibitor of chlororespiration (i.e., propyl gallate (PG)) were applied to Ulva sp. This result suggests that chlororespiration not only participates in the build-up of the necessary ΔpH, but that it also possibly influences VDE activity indirectly by diminishing the oxygen level in the chloroplast.

Alternative Electron Transports Participate in the Maintenance of Violaxanthin De-Epoxidase Activity of Ulva sp. under Low Irradiance

PubMed Central

Xie, Xiujun; Gu, Wenhui; Gao, Shan; Lu, Shan; Li, Jian; Pan, Guanghua; Wang, Guangce; Shen, Songdong

2013-01-01

The xanthophyll cycle (Xc), which involves violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and the zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), is one of the most rapid and efficient responses of plant and algae to high irradiance. High light intensity can activate VDE to convert violaxanthin (Vx) to zeaxanthin (Zx) via antheraxanthin (Ax). However, it remains unclear whether VDE remains active under low light or dark conditions when there is no significant accumulation of Ax and Zx, and if so, how the ΔpH required for activation of VDE is built. In this study, we used salicylaldoxime (SA) to inhibit ZEP activity in the intertidal macro-algae Ulva sp. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) and then characterized VDE under low light and dark conditions with various metabolic inhibitors. With inhibition of ZEP by SA, VDE remained active under low light and dark conditions, as indicated by large accumulations of Ax and Zx at the expense of Vx. When PSII-mediated linear electron transport systems were completely inhibited by SA and DCMU, alternative electron transport systems (i.e., cyclic electron transport and chlororespiration) could maintain VDE activity. Furthermore, accumulations of Ax and Zx decreased significantly when SA, DCMU, or DBMIB together with an inhibitor of chlororespiration (i.e., propyl gallate (PG)) were applied to Ulva sp. This result suggests that chlororespiration not only participates in the build-up of the necessary ΔpH, but that it also possibly influences VDE activity indirectly by diminishing the oxygen level in the chloroplast. PMID:24250793

A Hidden Transhydrogen Activity of a FMN-Bound Diaphorase under Anaerobic Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-04

RESEARCH ARTICLE A Hidden Transhydrogen Activity of a FMN- Bound Diaphorase under Anaerobic Conditions John Collins1, Ting Zhang1, Scott Huston1... metabolic pathways for facilitating the electron transfer from one molecule to another in redox reactions. Transhy- drogenase plays an important role in...March 2, 2016 Accepted: April 20, 2016 Published: May 4, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Collins et al. This is an open access article distributed under the

30 CFR 285.635 - What must I do if I cease activities approved in my COP before the end of my commercial lease?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in my COP before the end of my commercial lease? 285.635 Section 285.635 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF... Requirements Activities Under An Approved Cop § 285.635 What must I do if I cease activities approved in my COP... cease commercial operations, without an approved suspension, under your approved COP. If you cease...

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

PubMed Central

Kumar, Suneel; Sharma, Rahul; Sharma, Vipul; Harith, Gurunarayanan; Sivakumar, Vaidyanathan

2016-01-01

Photocatalytic activity of semiconductor nanostructures is gaining much importance in recent years in both energy and environmental applications. However, several parameters play a crucial role in enhancing or suppressing the photocatalytic activity through, for example, modifying the band gap energy positions, influencing the generation and transport of charge carriers and altering the recombination rate. In this regard, physical parameters such as the support material and the irradiation source can also have significant effect on the activity of the photocatalysts. In this work, we have investigated the role of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) support and the irradiation source on mixed metal chalcogenide semiconductor (CdS–ZnO) nanostructures. The photocatalyst material was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method and thoroughly characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by studying the degradation of a model dye (methyl orange, MO) under visible light (only) irradiation and under natural sunlight. The results reveal that the RGO-supported CdS–ZnO photocatalyst performs considerably better than the unsupported CdS–ZnO nanostructures. In addition, both the catalysts perform significantly better under natural sunlight than under visible light (only) irradiation. In essence, this work paves way for tailoring the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor nanostructures. PMID:28144518

Brain activation for response inhibition under gaming cue distraction in internet gaming disorder.

PubMed

Liu, Gin-Chung; Yen, Ju-Yu; Chen, Chiao-Yun; Yen, Cheng-Fang; Chen, Cheng-Sheng; Lin, Wei-Chen; Ko, Chih-Hung

2014-01-01

We evaluated neural substrates related to the loss of control in college students with internet gaming disorder (IGD). We hypothesized that deficit in response inhibition under gaming cue distraction was the possible mechanism for the loss of control internet use. Eleven cases of IGD and 11 controls performed Go/NoGo tasks with/without gaming distraction in the functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner. When the gaming picture was shown as background while individuals were performing Go/NoGo tasks, the IGD group committed more commission errors. The control group increased their brain activations more over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and superior parietal lobe under gaming cue distraction in comparison with the IGD group. Furthermore, brain activation of the right DLPFC and superior parietal lobe were negatively associated with performance of response inhibition among the IGD group. The results suggest that the function of response inhibition was impaired under gaming distraction among the IGD group, and individuals with IGD could not activate right DLPFC and superior parietal lobe to keep cognitive control and attention allocation for response inhibition under gaming cue distraction. This mechanism should be addressed in any intervention for IGD. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Biotransformation of 17α-methyltestosterone in sediment under different electron acceptor conditions.

PubMed

Homklin, Supreeda; Ong, Say Kee; Limpiyakorn, Tawan

2011-03-01

17α-Methyltestosterone (MT), an anabolic androgenic steroid, is used widely in inducing an all male population in aquaculture farming of fish, such as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Current understanding of the occurrence and fate of MT in the sediments and the surrounding areas of the aquaculture ponds are very limited. Bioassay tests showed that MT was biotransformed under aerobic and sulfate-reducing conditions with a half-life of 3.8d and 5.3d, respectively, with complete disappearance of androgenic activity. However, under methanogenic condition, MT was found to biotransform but the androgenic activity continued to persist even after 45 d of incubation. In contrast, MT was found to transform slowly under iron(III)-reducing condition and was hardly transformed under nitrate-reducing condition. A possible reason for the lack of transformation of MT under nitrate-reducing condition is the presence of the methyl group at the C-17 position. The results of this study suggest that MT and its degradation products with androgenic activity may potentially accumulate in the sediments of fish farming ponds under iron(III)-reducing, nitrate-reducing and methanogenic conditions. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Environmental guidance for public participation in environmental restoration activities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1991-11-01

The US Department of Energy (DOE) is issuing this document, entitled Guidance on Public Participation for US Department of Energy Environmental Restoration Activities, to summarize policy and provide guidance for public participation in environmental restoration activities at DOE Headquarters, Field Offices, facilities, and laboratories. While the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) has environmental restoration responsibility for the majority of DOE sites and facilities, other DOE Project Offices have similar responsibilities at their sites and facilities. This guidance is applicable to all environment restoration activities conducted by or for DOE under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabilitymore » Act of 1980 (CERCLA) as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA); the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) as amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA) (corrective actions only); and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). This guidance also is applicable to CERCLA remedial action programs under the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 and the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program, where DOE is the designated lead. The primary objectives of this guidance document are as follows: acclimate DOE staff to a changing culture that emphasizes the importance of public participation activities; provide direction on implementing these public participation activities; and, provide consistent guidance for all DOE Field Offices and facilities. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on conducting effective public participation activities for environmental restoration activities under CERCLA; RCRA corrective actions under sections 3004(u), 3004(v), and 3008(h); and NEPA public participation activities.« less

25 CFR 224.63 - What provisions must a TERA contain?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... RESOURCE AGREEMENTS UNDER THE INDIAN TRIBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND SELF DETERMINATION ACT Procedures for... oversight of energy resource development activities under any lease, business agreement or right-of-way... lease, business agreement, or right-of-way and the related energy development activities that would...

30 CFR 285.800 - How must I conduct my activities to comply with safety and environmental requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., Inspections, and Facility Assessments for Activities Conducted Under SAPs, COPs and GAPs § 285.800 How must I... approved SAP, COP, or GAP, as required under §§ 285.615(c), 285.633(b), or 285.653(c). ...

76 FR 35949 - Agency Information Collection (Civil Rights Discrimination Complaint) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-20

... Rights Discrimination Complaint) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Health Administration... refer to ``OMB Control No. 2900-0662.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Civil Rights Discrimination... collection. Abstract: Veterans and other VHA customers who believe that their civil rights were violated by...

76 FR 58238 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Waivers Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-20

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Food and Nutrition Service Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Waivers Under Section 6(o) of the Food and Nutrition Act AGENCY: Food and Nutrition Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In accordance with Paperwork Reduction Act of...

77 FR 4054 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: TSA Customer Comment Card

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-26

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: TSA Customer Comment Card AGENCY: Transportation Security...). TSA uses a customer comment card to collect passenger comments at airports, including complaints... other forms of information technology. Information Collection Requirement Title: TSA Customer Comment...

77 FR 4822 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Flight Training for Aliens...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

...] Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Flight Training for Aliens and Other... aliens and other designated individuals seeking flight instruction (``candidates'') from Federal Aviation.... Information Collection Requirement Title: Flight Training for Aliens and Other Designated Individuals...

75 FR 63499 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Sensitive Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-15

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Sensitive Security Information Threat Assessments AGENCY... Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has forwarded the Information Collection Request (ICR), Office of... of a party seeking access to sensitive security information (SSI) in a civil proceeding in Federal...

78 FR 28943 - Agency Information Collection; Activity Under OMB Review; Passenger Origin-Destination Survey Report

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-16

... techniques or other forms of information technology. DATES: Written comments should be submitted by July 15... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Research & Innovative Technology Administration [Docket ID Number RITA 2008-0002] Agency Information Collection; Activity Under OMB Review; Passenger Origin-Destination...

Active Tensor Magnetic Gradiometer System

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-01

Modify Forward Computer Models .............................................................................................2 Modify TMGS Simulator...active magnetic gradient measurement system are based upon the existing tensor magnetic gradiometer system ( TMGS ) developed under project MM-1328...Magnetic Gradiometer System ( TMGS ) for UXO Detection, Imaging, and Discrimination.” The TMGS developed under MM-1328 was successfully tested at the

29 CFR 4903.2 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... arising out of activities under ERISA are authorized by and subject to requirements prescribed under other federal statutes. When, and to the extent, such requirements apply to collection of a debt by the PBGC, PBGC activities will be consistent with such requirements, as well as with any other applicable...

40 CFR 35.6225 - Activities eligible for funding under Core Program Cooperative Agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Core Program Cooperative Agreements. 35.6225 Section 35.6225 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions Core Program Cooperative Agreements § 35.6225 Activities eligible for funding under Core Program Cooperative Agreements. (a) To be eligible for funding...

75 FR 57103 - Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-17

.... The data derived from written EEO and affirmative action plans will be used by the Office of Civil... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Transit Administration [FTA Docket No. FTA-2010-0033] Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Federal Transit Administration, DOT. ACTION: Notice...

77 FR 64390 - Agency Information Collection (Food Service and Nutritional Care Analysis) Activities Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0227] Agency Information Collection (Food Service and Nutritional Care Analysis) Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Health Administration... ``OMB Control No. 2900-0227.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Food Service and Nutritional Care...

34 CFR 303.3 - Activities that may be supported under this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... activities: (a) To maintain and implement a statewide system of early intervention services for children eligible under this part and their families. (b) For direct services for eligible children and their... SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR...

75 FR 73117 - New Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline Corporate Security Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-29

... Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline Corporate Security Review AGENCY: Transportation Security.... Information Collection Requirement Title: Pipeline Corporate Security Review (PCSR). Type of Request: New collection. OMB Control Number: Not yet assigned. Form(s): Pipeline Corporate Security Review (PCSR) Protocol...

75 FR 21012 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Highway Corporate Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-22

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Highway Corporate Security Review (CSR) AGENCY... in the highway and motor carrier industry by way of its Highway Corporate Security Review Program... comments. Information Collection Requirement Title: Corporate Security Review (CSR). Type of Request...

75 FR 28857 - Agency Information Collection (Technical Industry Standards) Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-24

... (Technical Industry Standards) Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Office of Acquisition and Logistics... Industry Standards. OMB Control Number: 2900-0586. Type of Review: Extension of a currently approved collection. Abstract: VAAR provision 852.211-75, Technical Industry Standards, requires that items offered...

40 CFR 35.6225 - Activities eligible for funding under Core Program Cooperative Agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Core Program Cooperative Agreements. 35.6225 Section 35.6225 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions Core Program Cooperative Agreements § 35.6225 Activities eligible for funding under Core Program Cooperative Agreements. (a) To be eligible for funding...

75 FR 32539 - Agency Information Collection (Dental Patient Satisfaction Survey) Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-08

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-New (VA Form 10-0503)] Agency Information Collection (Dental Patient Satisfaction Survey) Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Health...).'' Title: Survey of Healthcare Experiences, Dental Patient Satisfaction Survey, VA Form 10-0503. OMB...

77 FR 70211 - Agency Information Collection Activities (Call Center Satisfaction Survey) Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-23

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0744] Agency Information Collection Activities (Call Center Satisfaction Survey) Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration...: VBA Call Center Satisfaction Survey. OMB Control Number: 2900-0744. Type of Review: Extension of a...

The Dragon’s Reach: An Assessment of the People’s Republic of China’s Expeditionary Capabilities

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-21

concepts of active defense, local war under conditions of informatization , and people’s war.46 Active defense is the focus on defending national...under condition of informatization , which focuses on a 45 Anthony Cordesman, Chinese Military

75 FR 2556 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Transportation Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-15

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Transportation Security Officer (TSO) Medical Questionnaire... Evaluation, Cardiac Further Evaluation, Diabetes Further Evaluation, Drug or Alcohol Use Further Evaluation... evaluate a candidate's physical and medical qualifications to be a TSO, including visual and aural acuity...

Ligninolytic enzyme production in selected sub-tropical white rot fungi under different culture conditions.

PubMed

Tekere, M; Zvauya, R; Read, J S

2001-01-01

Lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase activities in selected sub-tropical white rot fungal species from Zimbabwe were determined. The enzyme activities were assayed at varying concentrations of C, N and Mn2+. Manganese peroxidase and laccase activities were the only expressed activities in the fungi under the culture conditions tested. Trametes species, T. cingulata, T. elegans and T. pocas produced the highest manganese peroxidase activities in a medium containing high carbon and low nitrogen conditions. High nitrogen conditions favoured high manganese peroxidase activity in DSPM95, L. velutinus and Irpex spp. High manganese peroxidase activity was notable for T. versicolor when both carbon and nitrogen in the medium were present at high levels. Laccase production by the isolates was highest under conditions of high nitrogen and those conditions with both nitrogen and carbon at high concentration. Mn2+ concentrations between 11-25 ppm gave the highest manganese peroxidase activity compared to a concentration of 40 ppm or when there was no Mn2+ added. Laccase activity was less influenced by Mn2+ levels. While some laccase activity was produced in the absence of Mn2+, the enzyme levels were higher when Mn2+ was added to the culture medium.

Influence of environmental factors on activity patterns of Incisitermes minor (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) in naturally infested logs.

PubMed

Lewis, Vernard R; Leighton, Shawn; Tabuchi, Robin; Baldwin, James A; Haverty, Michael I

2013-02-01

Acoustic emission (AE) activity patterns were measured from seven loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] logs, five containing live western drywood termite [Incisitermes minor (Hagen)] infestations, and two without an active drywood termite infestation. AE activity, as well as temperature, were monitored every 3 min under unrestricted ambient conditions in a small wooden building, under unrestricted ambient conditions but in constant darkness, or in a temperature-controlled cabined under constant darkness. Logs with active drywood termite infestations displayed similar diurnal cycles of AE activity that closely followed temperature with a peak of AE activity late in the afternoon (1700-1800 hours). When light was excluded from the building, a circadian pattern continued and apparently was driven by temperature. When the seven logs were kept at a relatively constant temperature (approximately 23 +/- 0.9 degrees C) and constant darkness, the pattern of activity was closely correlated with temperature, even with minimal changes in temperature. Temperature is the primary driver of activity of these drywood termites, but the effects are different when temperature is increasing or decreasing. At constant temperature, AE activity was highly correlated with the number of termites in the logs. The possible implications of these findings on our understanding of drywood termite biology and how this information may affect inspections and posttreatment evaluations are discussed.

Morphology-controlled electrodeposition of Cu{sub 2}O microcrystalline particle films for application in photocatalysis under sunlight

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Guodong; Zhai, Wei; Sun, Fengqiang, E-mail: fqsun@scnu.edu.cn

2012-12-15

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Highlights: ► PEG was used to electro-deposit Cu{sub 2}O microcrystalline particle films. ► Morphologies of Cu{sub 2}O microcrystals could be controlled by the amount of PEG. ► The films showed regularly varied photocatalytic activities under sunlight. ► The films could be recycled and showed stable activities. -- Abstract: Morphology-controlled Cu{sub 2}O microcrystalline particle films had been successfully electrodeposited on tin-doped indium oxide glass substrates in CuSO{sub 4} solutions containing different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) additives. With an increase of PEG, microcrystals gradually changed from irregular shapes to cubes, octahedrons, and spherical shapes. Sizes increasingly becamemore » smaller with an increase of PEG under the same deposition time. These films had been first used as recyclable photocatalysts and showed excellent and photocatalytic activities in photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight. Activities were regularly varied relative to the morphologies of films controlled by the amount of PEG and could be further enhanced by adding a little amount of hydrogen peroxide in the MB solution. The method for controllable preparation of Cu{sub 2}O microcrystals with photocatalytic activities was simple and inexpensive. The as-prepared particle films could also be used in photodegradation of many other pollutants under sunlight.« less

Temporal changes in cortical activation during conditioned pain modulation (CPM), a LORETA study.

PubMed

Moont, Ruth; Crispel, Yonatan; Lev, Rina; Pud, Dorit; Yarnitsky, David

2011-07-01

For most healthy subjects, both subjective pain ratings and pain-evoked potentials are attenuated under conditioned pain modulation (CPM; formerly termed diffuse noxious inhibitory controls, or DNIC). Although essentially spinal-bulbar, this inhibition is under cortical control. This is the first study to observe temporal as well as spatial changes in cortical activations under CPM. Specifically, we aimed to investigate the interplay of areas involved in the perception and processing of pain and those involved in controlling descending inhibition. We examined brief consecutive poststimulus time windows of 50 ms using a method of source-localization from pain evoked potentials, sLORETA. This enabled determination of dynamic changes in localized cortical generators evoked by phasic noxious heat stimuli to the left volar forearm in healthy young males, with and without conditioning hot-water pain to the right hand. We found a CPM effect characterized by an initial increased activation in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala at 250-300 ms poststimulus, which was correlated with the extent of psychophysical pain reduction. This was followed by reduced activations in the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, supplementary motor area, posterior insula, and anterior cingulate cortex from 400 ms poststimulus. Our findings show that the prefrontal pain-controlling areas of OFC and amygdala increase their activity in parallel with subjective pain reduction under CPM, and that this increased activity occurs prior to reductions in activations of the pain sensory areas. In conclusion, achieving pain inhibition by the CPM process seems to be under control of the OFC and the amygdala. Copyright © 2011 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The hTERT Promoter Enhances the Antitumor Activity of an Oncolytic Adenovirus under a Hypoxic Microenvironment

PubMed Central

Hashimoto, Yuuri; Tazawa, Hiroshi; Teraishi, Fuminori; Kojima, Toru; Watanabe, Yuichi; Uno, Futoshi; Yano, Shuya; Urata, Yasuo; Kagawa, Shunsuke; Fujiwara, Toshiyoshi

2012-01-01

Hypoxia is a microenvironmental factor that contributes to the invasion, progression and metastasis of tumor cells. Hypoxic tumor cells often show more resistance to conventional chemoradiotherapy than normoxic tumor cells, suggesting the requirement of novel antitumor therapies to efficiently eliminate the hypoxic tumor cells. We previously generated a tumor-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus (OBP-301: Telomelysin), in which the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter drives viral E1 expression. Since the promoter activity of the hTERT gene has been shown to be upregulated by hypoxia, we hypothesized that, under hypoxic conditions, the antitumor effect of OBP-301 with the hTERT promoter would be more efficient than that of the wild-type adenovirus 5 (Ad5). In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of OBP-301 and Ad5 against human cancer cells under a normoxic (20% oxygen) or a hypoxic (1% oxygen) condition. Hypoxic condition induced nuclear accumulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and upregulation of hTERT promoter activity in human cancer cells. The cytopathic activity of OBP-301 was significantly higher than that of Ad5 under hypoxic condition. Consistent with their cytopathic activity, the replication of OBP-301 was significantly higher than that of Ad5 under the hypoxic condition. OBP-301-mediated E1A was expressed within hypoxic areas of human xenograft tumors in mice. These results suggest that the cytopathic activity of OBP-301 against hypoxic tumor cells is mediated through hypoxia-mediated activation of the hTERT promoter. Regulation of oncolytic adenoviruses by the hTERT promoter is a promising antitumor strategy, not only for induction of tumor-specific oncolysis, but also for efficient elimination of hypoxic tumor cells. PMID:22720091

HSF1 is activated as a consequence of lymphocyte activation and regulates a major proteostasis network in T cells critical for cell division during stress

PubMed Central

Gandhapudi, Siva K.; Murapa, Patience; Threlkeld, Zachary D.; Ward, Martin; Sarge, Kevin D.; Snow, Charles; Woodward, Jerold G.

2013-01-01

Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1) is a major transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response in eukaryotic cells. HSF1 is also evoked in response to a variety of cellular stressors including elevated temperatures, oxidative stress, and other proteotoxic stressors. Previously, we demonstrated that HSF1 is activated in naive T cells at fever range temperatures (39.5°C) and is critical for in vitro T cell proliferation at fever temperatures. In this study, we demonstrated thatmurine HSF1 became activated to the DNA-binding form and trans-activated a large number of genes in lymphoid cells strictly as a consequence of receptor activation in the absence of apparent cellular stress. Microarray analysis comparing HSF1+/+ and HSF1−/− gene expression in T cells activated at 37°C revealed a diverse set of 323 genes significantly regulated by HSF1 in non-stressed T cells. In vivo proliferation studies revealed a significant impairment of HSF1−/− T cell expansion under conditions mimicking a robust immune response (staphylococcal enterotoxin B induced T cell activation). This proliferation defect due to loss of HSF1 is observed even under non-febrile temperatures. HSF1−/− T cells activated at fever temperatures show a dramatic reduction in cyclin E and cyclin A proteins during the cell cycle, although the transcription of these genes was not affected. Finally, B cell, and hematopoietic stem cell proliferation from HSF1−/− mice, but not HSF1+/+ mice were also attenuated under stressful conditions, indicating that HSF1 is critical for the cell cycle progression of lymphoid cells activated under stressful conditions. PMID:24043900

Noradrenergic modulation of neural erotic stimulus perception.

PubMed

Graf, Heiko; Wiegers, Maike; Metzger, Coraline Danielle; Walter, Martin; Grön, Georg; Abler, Birgit

2017-09-01

We recently investigated neuromodulatory effects of the noradrenergic agent reboxetine and the dopamine receptor affine amisulpride in healthy subjects on dynamic erotic stimulus processing. Whereas amisulpride left sexual functions and neural activations unimpaired, we observed detrimental activations under reboxetine within the caudate nucleus corresponding to motivational components of sexual behavior. However, broadly impaired subjective sexual functioning under reboxetine suggested effects on further neural components. We now investigated the same sample under these two agents with static erotic picture stimulation as alternative stimulus presentation mode to potentially observe further neural treatment effects of reboxetine. 19 healthy males were investigated under reboxetine, amisulpride and placebo for 7 days each within a double-blind cross-over design. During fMRI static erotic picture were presented with preceding anticipation periods. Subjective sexual functions were assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. Neural activations were attenuated within the caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum, the pregenual and anterior midcingulate cortex and in the orbitofrontal cortex under reboxetine. Subjective diminished sexual arousal under reboxetine was correlated with attenuated neural reactivity within the posterior insula. Again, amisulpride left neural activations along with subjective sexual functioning unimpaired. Neither reboxetine nor amisulpride altered differential neural activations during anticipation of erotic stimuli. Our results verified detrimental effects of noradrenergic agents on neural motivational but also emotional and autonomic components of sexual behavior. Considering the overlap of neural network alterations with those evoked by serotonergic agents, our results suggest similar neuromodulatory effects of serotonergic and noradrenergic agents on common neural pathways relevant for sexual behavior. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.

Treatment of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam by Heat-Activated Persulfate Under Conditions Representative of In Situ Chemical Oxidation

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been detected in an increasing number of water supplies. In many instances, the contamination is associated with the use of PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) in firefighting activities. To investigate the potential for remediating AFFF contamination in groundwater with heat-activated persulfate, PFAS oxidation and the generation of transformation products was evaluated under well-controlled conditions. Fluorotelomer- and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide-based polyfluorinated compounds were transformed to perfluorinated carboxylic acids, which underwent further degradation under acidic conditions produced after persulfate decomposed. The presence of aquifer sediments decreased the efficiency of the remedial process but did not alter the transformation pathways. At high concentrations, the presence of organic solvents, such as those present in AFFF formulations, inhibited transformation of a representative perfluorinated compound, perfluorooctanoic acid. Heat-activated persulfate did not transform perfluorooctanesulfonic acid or perfluorohexanesulfonic acid under any conditions. Despite challenges associated with the creation of acidic conditions in the subsurface, the potential for generation of undesirable transformation products, and the release of toxic metals, heat-activated persulfate may be a useful in situ treatment for sites contaminated with polyfluoroalkyl substances and perfluorocarboxylic acids. PMID:29164864

Differential impact of amino acids on OXPHOS system activity following carbohydrate starvation in Arabidopsis cell suspensions.

PubMed

Cavalcanti, João Henrique F; Quinhones, Carla G S; Schertl, Peter; Brito, Danielle S; Eubel, Holger; Hildebrandt, Tatjana; Nunes-Nesi, Adriano; Braun, Hans-Peter; Araújo, Wagner L

2017-12-01

Plant respiration mostly depends on the activity of glycolysis and the oxidation of organic acids in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to synthesize ATP. However, during stress situations plant cells also use amino acids as alternative substrates to donate electrons through the electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF)/ETF:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) complex to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC). Given this, we investigated changes of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system in Arabidopsis thaliana cell culture under carbohydrate starvation supplied with a range of amino acids. Induction of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH) activity was observed under carbohydrate starvation which was associated with increased amounts of IVDH protein detected by immunoblotting. Furthermore, activities of the protein complexes of the mETC were reduced under carbohydrate starvation. We also observed that OXPHOS system activity behavior is differently affected by different amino acids and that proteins associated with amino acids catabolism are upregulated in cells following carbohydrate starvation. Collectively, our results support the contention that ETF/ETFQO is an essential pathway to donate electrons to the mETC and that amino acids are alternative substrates to maintain respiration under carbohydrate starvation. © 2017 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

77 FR 56714 - Agency Information Collection (Annual-Final Report and Account) Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-13

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0017] Agency Information Collection (Annual-Final Report and Account) Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration...), Department of Veterans Affairs, will submit the collection of information abstracted below to the Office of...

76 FR 40451 - Agency Information Collection (Application for Ordinary Life Insurance) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-08

... (Application for Ordinary Life Insurance) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... for Ordinary Life Insurance, Replacement Insurance for Modified Life Reduced at Age 65, National Service Life Insurance, VA Form 29-8485. b. Application for Ordinary Life Insurance, Replacement Insurance...

75 FR 68038 - Agency Information Collection (Veterans Mortgage Life Insurance Statement) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-04

... Mortgage Life Insurance Statement) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... . Please refer to ``OMB Control No. 2900- 0212.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Veterans Mortgage Life... currently approved collection. Abstract: Veterans complete VA Form 29-8636 to decline Veterans Mortgage Life...

78 FR 58611 - Agency Information Collection (Veterans Mortgage Life Insurance Statement) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-24

... Mortgage Life Insurance Statement) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... INFORMATION: Title: Veterans Mortgage Life Insurance Statement, VA Form 29-8636. OMB Control Number: 2900-0212...-8636 to decline Veterans Mortgage Life Insurance (VMLI) or to provide information upon which the...

78 FR 40551 - Agency Information Collection (Monthly Certification of Flight Training) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-05

... Certification of Flight Training) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration, Department...-0162.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Monthly Certification of Flight Training, VA Form 22-6553c... or pursuing approved vocational flight training. VA Form 22-6553c serves as a report of flight...

77 FR 2351 - Agency Information Collection (Application for Work-Study Allowance): Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-17

... (Application for Work-Study Allowance): Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... ``OMB Control No. 2900-0209.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Titles a. Application for Work-Study Allowance, VA Form 22-8691. b. Student Work-Study Agreement (Advance Payment), VA Form 22-8692. c. Extended...

77 FR 26824 - Agency Information Collection; Activity Under OMB Review; Reporting Required for International...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-07

... RITA 2008-0002] Agency Information Collection; Activity Under OMB Review; Reporting Required for International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) AGENCY: Research & Innovative Technology Administration (RITA... Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), this notice announces that the Information Collection...

20 CFR 669.680 - What activities and services may be provided under the MSFW youth program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... under the MSFW youth program? 669.680 Section 669.680 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING... provide activities and services to MSFW youth that include: (1) Intensive services and training services... interpersonal skills development; (3) Community service projects; (4) Small business development technical...

77 FR 7242 - Agency Information Collection (Contract for Training and Employment): Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-10

... Human Resources and Housing Branch, New Executive Office Building, Room 10235, Washington, DC 20503 (202... for Training and Employment): Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... . Please refer to ``OMB Control No. 2900-0677.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Contract for Training...

26 CFR 1.482-6 - Profit split method.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... business activity. Under this method, each uncontrolled taxpayer's percentage of the combined operating... general. Under this method, the combined operating profit or loss from the relevant business activity is... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Profit split method. 1.482-6 Section 1.482-6...

76 FR 64960 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Flight Crew Self-Defense...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-19

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Flight Crew Self-Defense Training--Registration and... self-defense training class provided by TSA, the collection process involves requesting, the name.... Information Collection Requirement Title: Flight Crew Self-Defense Training--Registration and Evaluation. Type...

77 FR 36010 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-15

... Collection; Comment Requested Deaths in Custody--Series of Collections From State-Level Law Enforcement... collection: Renewal of existing collection. (2) The title of the Form/Collection: Deaths in Custody Reporting... collection: Forms--Death Report on Inmates Under Jail Jurisdiction (CJ-9); Annual Summary on Inmates Under...

75 FR 59263 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval Under Delegated...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Agency Information Collection Activities: Announcement of Board Approval... Reserve System (Board) under OMB delegated authority, as per 5 CFR 1320.16 (OMB Regulations on Controlling... placed into OMB's public docket files. The Federal Reserve may not conduct or sponsor, and the respondent...

78 FR 57925 - Agency Information Collection (Pension Claim Questionnaire for Farm Income) Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

... Claim Questionnaire for Farm Income) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... INFORMATION: Title: Pension Claim Questionnaire for Farm Income, VA Form 21- 4165. OMB Control Number: 2900... to gather information necessary to determine a claimant's countable annual income and available...

Strategies for Developing Third Stream Activity in New University Business Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prince, Christopher

2007-01-01

Purpose--Developing third stream activity is becoming increasingly important for business schools as they come under increasing financial pressure. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the strategies adopted by new university business schools and highlight the resources, capabilities and constraints under which they are operating. …

78 FR 38986 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

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2013-06-28

... that information was collected under Part B. The QIMS Account Registration and the ESRD Application..., CMS-1728-94, CMS-10174, CMS-10305 and CMS-10488] Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed... comment on CMS' intention to collect information from the public. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of...

76 FR 24570 - Proposed Information Collection (Application for VA Education Benefits) Activity; Comment Request

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2011-05-02

... (Application for VA Education Benefits) Activity; Comment Request AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA... Under the Montgomery GI Bill, VA Form 22-1990E. c. Application for VA Education Benefits Under the...

31 CFR 537.409 - Activities under pre-May 21, 1997 agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Activities under pre-May 21, 1997 agreements. 537.409 Section 537.409 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BURMESE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS...

76 FR 6780 - Agency Information Collection Activities OMB Responses

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2011-02-08

... Action Plan/Activity Integration Plan (CAP/AIP) Reporting System; was approved on 01/06/2011; OMB Number... without change. EPA ICR Number 1445.09; Continuous Release Reporting Regulations (CRRR) under CERCLA; 40... change. EPA ICR Number 1445.10; Continuous Release Reporting Regulations (CRRR) under CERCLA; 40 CFR 302...

76 FR 44090 - Agency Information Collection (Application for Extended Care Services); Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-22

... (Application for Extended Care Services); Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Health Administration... . Please refer to ``OMB Control No. 2900-0629.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Application for Extended... from nonservice-connected veterans and their spouse when applying for extended care services and to...

76 FR 31682 - Agency Information Collection (Time Record (Work-Study Program)) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-01

... Record (Work-Study Program)) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... refer to ``OMB Control No. 2900-0379.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Time Record (Work-Study... work-study hours a claimant has completed. When a claimant elects to receive an advance payment, VA...

10 CFR 1304.110 - Disclosure of records to third parties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Board with adequate advance written assurance that the record will be used solely as a statistical... under the control of the United States for a civil or criminal law enforcement activity, if the activity... record is disclosed under such compulsory legal process, the Board shall make reasonable efforts to...

34 CFR 380.5 - What activities may the Secretary fund under community-based supported employment projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SPECIAL PROJECTS AND DEMONSTRATIONS FOR PROVIDING SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT SERVICES TO INDIVIDUALS... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What activities may the Secretary fund under community...

34 CFR 380.6 - What activities may the Secretary fund under technical assistance supported employment projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SPECIAL PROJECTS AND DEMONSTRATIONS FOR PROVIDING SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT SERVICES TO INDIVIDUALS... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What activities may the Secretary fund under technical...

34 CFR 380.4 - What activities may the Secretary fund under Statewide supported employment demonstration projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SPECIAL PROJECTS AND DEMONSTRATIONS FOR PROVIDING SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT SERVICES TO INDIVIDUALS... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What activities may the Secretary fund under Statewide...

76 FR 39887 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Highway Corporate Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-07

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Highway Corporate Security Review AGENCY: Transportation... industry by way of its Highway Corporate Security Review (CSR) Program, which encompasses site visits and... Title: Highway Corporate Security Review. Type of Request: Extension of a currently approved collection...

77 FR 15114 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Transportation Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-14

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Transportation Security Officer (TSO) Medical Questionnaire... collection of information on December 30, 2011, 76 FR 82313. The collection involves using a questionnaire to... Title: Transportation Security Officer (TSO) Medical Questionnaire. Type of Request: Extension of a...

76 FR 35950 - Agency Information Collection (Disability Benefits Questionnaires-Group 3) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-20

... Collection (Disability Benefits Questionnaires--Group 3) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... Questionnaire, VA Form 21-0960C-5. b. Headaches (Including Migraine Headaches), Disability Benefits Questionnaire, VA Form 21-0960C-8. c. Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Disability Benefits Questionnaire, VA Form 21...

76 FR 44087 - Agency Information Collection (Employment Questionnaire) Activity Under OMB Review

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2011-07-22

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0079] Agency Information Collection (Employment Questionnaire) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration, Department of... Questionnaire, VA Forms 21-4140 and 21-4140-1. OMB Control Number: 2900-0079. Type of Review: Extension of a...

75 FR 80114 - Agency Information Collection (Status of Dependents Questionnaire) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-21

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0500] Agency Information Collection (Status of Dependents Questionnaire) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... Questionnaire, VA Form 21-0538. OMB Control Number: 2900-0500. Type of Review: Extension of a currently approved...

15 CFR 971.423 - Best available technology.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Best available technology. 971.423... technology. The Administrator will require in all activities under new permits, and wherever practicable in activities under existing permits, the use of the best available technologies for the protection of safety...

15 CFR 971.423 - Best available technology.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Best available technology. 971.423... technology. The Administrator will require in all activities under new permits, and wherever practicable in activities under existing permits, the use of the best available technologies for the protection of safety...

15 CFR 971.423 - Best available technology.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Best available technology. 971.423... technology. The Administrator will require in all activities under new permits, and wherever practicable in activities under existing permits, the use of the best available technologies for the protection of safety...

15 CFR 971.423 - Best available technology.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Best available technology. 971.423... technology. The Administrator will require in all activities under new permits, and wherever practicable in activities under existing permits, the use of the best available technologies for the protection of safety...

34 CFR 661.10 - What activities does the Secretary assist under this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of higher education to conduct under this program, include but are not limited to— (a) Innovation and... to inform the public of increasing international economic interdependence and the role of American... sector organizations and associations engaged in or promoting international economic activity; (j) The...

34 CFR 661.10 - What activities does the Secretary assist under this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of higher education to conduct under this program, include but are not limited to— (a) Innovation and... to inform the public of increasing international economic interdependence and the role of American... sector organizations and associations engaged in or promoting international economic activity; (j) The...

34 CFR 661.10 - What activities does the Secretary assist under this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of higher education to conduct under this program, include but are not limited to— (a) Innovation and... to inform the public of increasing international economic interdependence and the role of American... sector organizations and associations engaged in or promoting international economic activity; (j) The...

34 CFR 661.10 - What activities does the Secretary assist under this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of higher education to conduct under this program, include but are not limited to— (a) Innovation and... to inform the public of increasing international economic interdependence and the role of American... sector organizations and associations engaged in or promoting international economic activity; (j) The...

34 CFR 661.10 - What activities does the Secretary assist under this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of higher education to conduct under this program, include but are not limited to— (a) Innovation and... to inform the public of increasing international economic interdependence and the role of American... sector organizations and associations engaged in or promoting international economic activity; (j) The...

77 FR 25188 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Enhanced Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-27

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

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76 FR 71993 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: TSA Claims Management Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-21

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78 FR 9679 - National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation; Prior Notice of Activity Under Blanket Certificate

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2013-02-11

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2013-08-12

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76 FR 33027 - Agency Information Collection (Statement of Marital Relationship) Activity Under OMB Review

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2011-06-07

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2010-03-29

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2011-09-28

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2011-10-25

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15 CFR 971.423 - Best available technology.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Best available technology. 971.423... technology. The Administrator will require in all activities under new permits, and wherever practicable in activities under existing permits, the use of the best available technologies for the protection of safety...

78 FR 6848 - Agency Information Collection (Compensation and Pension Examination Program) Activities Under OMB...

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2013-01-31

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-13

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-01

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76 FR 39155 - Agency Information Collection; Activity Under OMB Review; Report of Financial and Operating...

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2011-07-05

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Instrument for evaluation of sedentary lifestyle in patients with high blood pressure.

PubMed

Lopes, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira; da Silva, Viviane Martins; de Araujo, Thelma Leite; Guedes, Nirla Gomes; Martins, Larissa Castelo Guedes; Teixeira, Iane Ximenes

2015-01-01

this article describes the diagnostic accuracy of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to identify the nursing diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle. a diagnostic accuracy study was developed with 240 individuals with established high blood pressure. The analysis of diagnostic accuracy was based on measures of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, efficiency, diagnostic odds ratio, Youden index, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. statistical differences between genders were observed for activities of moderate intensity and for total physical activity. Age was negatively correlated with activities of moderate intensity and total physical activity. the analysis of area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for moderate intensity activities, walking, and total physical activity showed that the International Physical Activity Questionnaire present moderate capacity to correctly classify individuals with and without sedentary lifestyle.

Erotic Stimulus Processing under Amisulpride and Reboxetine: A Placebo-Controlled fMRI Study in Healthy Subjects

PubMed Central

Wiegers, Maike; Metzger, Coraline D.; Walter, Martin; Grön, Georg; Abler, Birgit

2015-01-01

Background: Impaired sexual function is increasingly recognized as a side effect of psychopharmacological treatment. However, underlying mechanisms of action of the different drugs on sexual processing are still to be explored. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we previously investigated effects of serotonergic (paroxetine) and dopaminergic (bupropion) antidepressants on sexual functioning (Abler et al., 2011). Here, we studied the impact of noradrenergic and antidopaminergic medication on neural correlates of visual sexual stimulation in a new sample of subjects. Methods: Nineteen healthy heterosexual males (mean age 24 years, SD 3.1) under subchronic intake (7 days) of the noradrenergic agent reboxetine (4mg/d), the antidopaminergic agent amisulpride (200mg/d), and placebo were included and studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging within a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design during an established erotic video-clip task. Subjective sexual functioning was assessed using the Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Results: Relative to placebo, subjective sexual functioning was attenuated under reboxetine along with diminished neural activations within the caudate nucleus. Altered neural activations correlated with decreased sexual interest. Under amisulpride, neural activations and subjective sexual functioning remained unchanged. Conclusions: In line with previous interpretations of the role of the caudate nucleus in the context of primary reward processing, attenuated caudate activation may reflect detrimental effects on motivational aspects of erotic stimulus processing under noradrenergic agents. PMID:25612894

[Development of Sediment Micro-Interface Under Physical and Chironomus plumosus Combination Disturbance].

PubMed

Wang, Ren; Li, Da-peng; Huang, Yong; Liu, Yan-jian; Chen, Jun

2015-11-01

Synergistic effect of physical and Chironomus plumosus combination disturbance on the characteristics of the micro-environment and micro-interface was investigated by the Rhizon samplers and Unisense micro sensor system. The results showed that the oxygen penetration depth (OPD), total oxygen exchange (TOE), water content and total microbial activity increased under the combination disturbance and bioturbation and were kept at the higher level, compared with the control. These parameters increased with the physical intensity under combination disturbance. However, the content of Fe2+ decreased under the combination disturbance and bioturbation and the decrease was more obvious than that in the control. The changes of the Fe2+, the water content and the total microbial activity were large at 0-4 cm depth in the sediments. Therefore, the area might be the active area for the transformation of internal sedimentary phosphorus forms. The curve fitting was used for the OPD, TOE, the content of Fe2+, the water content and the total microbial activity with the physical intensity under combination disturbance. It was observed that the second-order polynomial equation was suitable for the curve fitting. In addition, jump type synergistic effect was presented in the above mentioned parameters under combination disturbance when the physical intensity was higher than 34 r x min(-1). The remodeling on the sediment micro-interface and micro-environment might be the main inducing mechanism for the transformation of internal phosphorus.

Bulk chlorine uptake by polyamide active layers of thin-film composite membranes upon exposure to free chlorine-kinetics, mechanisms, and modeling.

PubMed

Powell, Joshua; Luh, Jeanne; Coronell, Orlando

2014-01-01

We studied the volume-averaged chlorine (Cl) uptake into the bulk region of the aromatic polyamide active layer of a reverse osmosis membrane upon exposure to free chlorine. Volume-averaged measurements were obtained using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry with samples prepared at a range of free chlorine concentrations, exposure times, and mixing, rinsing, and pH conditions. Our volume-averaged measurements complement previous studies that have quantified Cl uptake at the active layer surface (top ≈ 7 nm) and advance the mechanistic understanding of Cl uptake by aromatic polyamide active layers. Our results show that surface Cl uptake is representative of and underestimates volume-averaged Cl uptake under acidic conditions and alkaline conditions, respectively. Our results also support that (i) under acidic conditions, N-chlorination followed by Orton rearrangement is the dominant Cl uptake mechanism with N-chlorination as the rate-limiting step; (ii) under alkaline conditions, N-chlorination and dechlorination of N-chlorinated amide links by hydroxyl ion are the two dominant processes; and (iii) under neutral pH conditions, the rates of N-chlorination and Orton rearrangement are comparable. We propose a kinetic model that satisfactorily describes Cl uptake under acidic and alkaline conditions, with the largest discrepancies between model and experiment occurring under alkaline conditions at relatively high chlorine exposures.

40 CFR 152.113 - Approval of registration under FIFRA sec. 3(c)(7)-Products that do not contain a new active...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... sec. 3(c)(7)-Products that do not contain a new active ingredient. 152.113 Section 152.113 Protection... FIFRA sec. 3(c)(7)—Products that do not contain a new active ingredient. (a) Except as provided in... product for a new use under FIFRA sec. 3(c)(7)(B) if: (1) The pesticide is the subject of a special review...

Effect of the mechanical activation of a cathode on the structure of electrolytic copper single crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gryzunova, N. N.; Vikarchuk, A. A.; Gryzunov, A. M.; Denisova, A. G.

2017-10-01

The morphology of the electrolytic copper single crystals formed under the mechanical activation of a cathode is described. Pentagonal pyramids and conical microcrystals with high growth steps are shown to form during electrocrystallization under these conditions. It is experimentally found that microcrystals grow on disclination defects, in particular, at the sites of termination of twin growth boundaries, and mechanical activation causes the formation of such defects.

Cell Wall Invertase Promotes Fruit Set under Heat Stress by Suppressing ROS-Independent Cell Death1[OPEN

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Reduced cell wall invertase (CWIN) activity has been shown to be associated with poor seed and fruit set under abiotic stress. Here, we examined whether genetically increasing native CWIN activity would sustain fruit set under long-term moderate heat stress (LMHS), an important factor limiting crop production, by using transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with its CWIN inhibitor gene silenced and focusing on ovaries and fruits at 2 d before and after pollination, respectively. We found that the increase of CWIN activity suppressed LMHS-induced programmed cell death in fruits. Surprisingly, measurement of the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde and the activities of a cohort of antioxidant enzymes revealed that the CWIN-mediated inhibition on programmed cell death is exerted in a reactive oxygen species-independent manner. Elevation of CWIN activity sustained Suc import into fruits and increased activities of hexokinase and fructokinase in the ovaries in response to LMHS. Compared to the wild type, the CWIN-elevated transgenic plants exhibited higher transcript levels of heat shock protein genes Hsp90 and Hsp100 in ovaries and HspII17.6 in fruits under LMHS, which corresponded to a lower transcript level of a negative auxin responsive factor IAA9 but a higher expression of the auxin biosynthesis gene ToFZY6 in fruits at 2 d after pollination. Collectively, the data indicate that CWIN enhances fruit set under LMHS through suppression of programmed cell death in a reactive oxygen species-independent manner that could involve enhanced Suc import and catabolism, HSP expression, and auxin response and biosynthesis. PMID:27462084

Evaluation and refinement of Guadalupe Bass conservation strategies to support adaptive management

USGS Publications Warehouse

Grabowski, Timothy B.

2016-01-01

Burbot Lota lota is the sole freshwater representative of the cod-like fishes and supports subsistence, commercial, and recreational fisheries worldwide above approximately 40° N. It is a difficult species to manage effectively due to its preference for deep-water habitats and spawning activity under the ice in winter. Like other gadiform fishes, Burbot use acoustic signaling as part of their mating system, and while the acoustic repertoire of the species has been characterized under artificial conditions (i.e., net pen suspended under ice in a natural lake), there has been no work to determine whether the species is as vocal in natural spawning aggregations. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of collecting and using acoustic data to characterize the spawning activity and locations of Burbot under field conditions. We recorded audio and video of Burbot spawning aggregations through holes drilled into the ice at known spawning grounds at Moyie Lake in British Columbia, Canada. Acoustic recordings (call counts and audiograms) were analyzed using Raven Pro v 1. 4 software. Acoustic behavior was also related to video data to determine how acoustic activity correlated to any observed spawning behavior. In general, wild Burbot spawning in Moyie Lake did not vocalize as frequently as counterparts spawning under artificial conditions. Further, Burbot vocalizations were not recorded in conjunction with spawning activity. While it may be feasible to use passive acoustic monitoring to locate Burbot spawning grounds and identify periods of activity, it does not seem to hold much promise for locating and quantifying spawning activity in real time.

[The opportunity to use combined stem cells transplantation for haemopoesis activation in the old and mature laboratory animals under the conditions of ionizing radiation].

PubMed

Grebnev, D U

2014-01-01

The objective of this work was to study the influence of combined transplantation of stem cells (multypotent mesenchimal stromal and hem poetic stem cells) on the haemopoesis of old and mature laboratory animals under the condition of ionizing radiation. The experiments were conducted on 48 white male mice with the body weight of 30 g, age of 3-4 months, and 48 male mice of 3 years of age and body mass of 50 g. The experiments for obtaining the MMSC and HSC cultures were conducted on 16 laboratory animals: female mice of 3-4 months of age and body mass of 30 g., 18 days gestation period. The control group was formed by the animals not under the ionizing radiation. The experimental group animals got the dose of 4 Gr. These animals also got MMSC and HSC mixture intravenously in the doses of 6 mln. c/kg. and 330 thousand cell/kg prospectively. The control group animals got the 0.9% NaCl - 0.2 ml. intravenously. The infusions were made 1 hour after radiation once. As the result of the experiment it was shown that under physiological conditions combined transplantation brings the erithropoesis activation, under the ionizing radiation conditions it brings the erythroid and granulocytopoesis activation. More over the combined MMSC and HSC transplantation gives cytoprotective action on the myeloid tissue due to decrease of cyto genically changed cells in the mature animals under the condition of ionizing radiation, but in the old animals this effect can be seen even under physiological condition. Conclusions: Combined transplantation of MMSC and GSC can be used in the mature and old laboratory animals under the conditions of ionising radiation for the haemopoesis activation.

AGEs Induce Apoptosis in Rat Osteoblast Cells by Activating the Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway Under a High-Glucose Environment In Vitro.

PubMed

Liu, Jiaqiang; Mao, Jing; Jiang, Yi; Xia, Lunguo; Mao, Lixia; Wu, Yong; Ma, Pan; Fang, Bing

2016-03-01

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate under high-glucose conditions and affect the healing of bone damage through various pathways; however, the detail mechanisms underlying these changes are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of AGEs on the apoptosis of in vitro-cultured rat osteoblasts under high-glucose conditions and explored the underlying mechanisms of these effects. First, we cultured rat osteoblasts and determined the accumulation of AGEs in the culture medium under high-glucose conditions. Then, we cultured rat osteoblasts under a high glucose concentration (35 mM), a normal glucose concentration (5.5 mM), and a normal glucose concentration (5.5 mM) in the presence of AGEs. We examined the effects of high glucose and AGEs on the apoptosis of rat osteoblasts at different time points and further analyzed the activity and changes in the levels of procaspase-3, caspase-3, and the caspase-3 substrate poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Finally, we added sRAGE (soluble RAGE) (an AGE inhibitor) or DEVD (a caspase-3 inhibitor) to each culture group and examined apoptosis under each culture condition and the changes in the levels of procaspase-3, caspase-3, and its substrate PARP. The results showed that the high-glucose condition and the addition of AGEs increased the apoptosis of rat osteoblast cells and simultaneously increased the activity and quantity of caspase-3. These increases could be inhibited by the AGE inhibitor sRAGE or the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD. The above results demonstrate that high-glucose conditions lead to the accumulation of AGEs and activation of the caspase-3 signaling pathway, resulting in the increased apoptosis of cultured rat osteoblast cells.

Response of antioxidant system to drought stress and re-watering in Alfalfa during branching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tina, R. R.; Shan, X. R.; Wang, Y.; Guo, S. Y.; Mao, B.; Wang, W.; Wu, H. Y.; Zhao, T. H.

2017-11-01

This paper aimed to reveal the response mechanism of active oxygen metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in Alfalfa under drought stress and re-watering, and the pot experiment was used, to explore the changes of H2O2, O2·-, electrolyte leakage conductivity and MDA, SOD, POD, CAT activity in Golden Empress (tolerant cultivar) and Sanditi (non-tolerant cultivar) under drought stress and re-watering during branching stage. Three water gradients were set up: CK (Maximum field capacity of 75%±5%), T1 (Maximum field capacity of 45%±5%), T2 (Maximum field capacity of 35%±5%) to compare, and the drought rehydration was also studied. Results: the results indicated that H2O2 content, O2·-production rate, relative conductivity and MDA content were higher than the control, and the increase extent of Golden Empress was higher than the Sanditi under drought stress and after re-watering the recovery capability of Golden Empress was also higher than the Sanditi. After 7 days of re-watering, all indexes were restored to the control level, indicating that the re-watering have compensation effect after drought. After drought stress, to weaken the damage of active oxygen Golden Empress was mainly by increasing the activity of POD and SOD, but Sanditi was mainly through the POD and CAT activity increased to effectively remove ROS. Under drought stress, active oxygen in leaves of Alfalfa increased, and thus the membrane system was damaged which lead to the increase of MDA content and relative electric conductivity. Plants play a defensive role by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and scavenging reactive oxygen species. After re-watering, the stress effect was reduced, and the physiological indexes of plants were restored to the control level. In general, tolerant cultivar has stronger antioxidant properties under drought and re-watering.

Allocation of secondary metabolites, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant activity of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth) in response to CO2 and light intensity.

PubMed

Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz; Jaafar, Hawa Z E; Karimi, Ehsan; Ghasemzadeh, Ali

2014-01-01

A split plot 3 by 4 experiment was designed to investigate and distinguish the relationships among production of secondary metabolites, soluble sugar, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) activity, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity (DPPH), and lipid peroxidation under three levels of CO2 (400, 800, and 1200 μ mol/mol) and four levels of light intensity (225, 500, 625, and 900 μ mol/m(2)/s) over 15 weeks in Labisia pumila. The production of plant secondary metabolites, sugar, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, and malondialdehyde content was influenced by the interactions between CO2 and irradiance. The highest accumulation of secondary metabolites, sugar, maliondialdehyde, and DPPH activity was observed under CO2 at 1200 μ mol/mol + light intensity at 225 μ mol/m(2)/s. Meanwhile, at 400 μ mol/mol CO2 + 900 μ mol/m(2)/s light intensity the production of chlorophyll and maliondialdehyde content was the highest. As CO2 levels increased from 400 to 1200 μ mol/mol the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, f v /f m (maximum efficiency of photosystem II), and PAL activity were enhanced. The production of secondary metabolites displayed a significant negative relationship with maliondialdehyde indicating lowered oxidative stress under high CO2 and low irradiance improved the production of plant secondary metabolites that simultaneously enhanced the antioxidant activity (DPPH), thus improving the medicinal value of Labisia pumila under this condition.

The Effect of Interruptions on Part 121 Air Carrier Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Damos, Diane L.

1998-01-01

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the relative priorities of various events and activities by examining the probability that a given activity was interrupted by a given event. The analysis will begin by providing frequency of interruption data by crew position (captain versus first officer) and event type. Any differences in the pattern of interruptions between the first officers and the captains will be explored and interpreted in terms of standard operating procedures. Subsequent data analyses will focus on comparing the frequency of interruptions for different types of activities and for the same activities under normal versus emergency conditions. Briefings and checklists will receive particular attention. The frequency with which specific activities are interrupted under multiple- versus single-task conditions also will be examined; because the majority of multiple-task data were obtained under laboratory conditions, LOFT-type tapes offer a unique opportunity to examine concurrent task performance under 'real-world' conditions. A second purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the interruptions on performance. More specifically, when possible, the time to resume specific activities will be compared to determine if pilots are slower to resume certain types of activities. Errors in resumption or failures to resume specific activities will be noted and any patterns in these errors will be identified. Again, particular attention will be given to the effects of interruptions on the completion of checklists and briefings. Other types of errors and missed events (i.e., the crew should have responded to the event but did not) will be examined. Any methodology using interruptions to examine task prioritization must be able to identify when an interruption has occurred and describe the ongoing activities that were interrupted. Both of these methodological problems are discussed In detail in the following section,

Clarifications regarding the use of model-fitting methods of kinetic analysis for determining the activation energy from a single non-isothermal curve.

PubMed

Sánchez-Jiménez, Pedro E; Pérez-Maqueda, Luis A; Perejón, Antonio; Criado, José M

2013-02-05

This paper provides some clarifications regarding the use of model-fitting methods of kinetic analysis for estimating the activation energy of a process, in response to some results recently published in Chemistry Central journal. The model fitting methods of Arrhenius and Savata are used to determine the activation energy of a single simulated curve. It is shown that most kinetic models correctly fit the data, each providing a different value for the activation energy. Therefore it is not really possible to determine the correct activation energy from a single non-isothermal curve. On the other hand, when a set of curves are recorded under different heating schedules are used, the correct kinetic parameters can be clearly discerned. Here, it is shown that the activation energy and the kinetic model cannot be unambiguously determined from a single experimental curve recorded under non isothermal conditions. Thus, the use of a set of curves recorded under different heating schedules is mandatory if model-fitting methods are employed.

77 FR 65701 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Office of Law Enforcement...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-30

... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service Mental... Information Collection Request (ICR), Office of Management and Budget (OMB) control number 1652-0043... their mental health history. DATES: Send your comments by November 29, 2012. A comment to OMB is most...

34 CFR 426.4 - What activities does the Secretary fund under the Demonstration Projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... public agencies in vocational education (including State boards of vocational education and eligible... public schools or housing in inner cities or economically depressed rural areas; or (v) Employment-based... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What activities does the Secretary fund under the...

34 CFR 426.4 - What activities does the Secretary fund under the Demonstration Projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... public agencies in vocational education (including State boards of vocational education and eligible... public schools or housing in inner cities or economically depressed rural areas; or (v) Employment-based... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What activities does the Secretary fund under the...

34 CFR 426.4 - What activities does the Secretary fund under the Demonstration Projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... public agencies in vocational education (including State boards of vocational education and eligible... public schools or housing in inner cities or economically depressed rural areas; or (v) Employment-based... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What activities does the Secretary fund under the...

75 FR 76082 - Agency Information Collection; Gravesite Reservation Survey (2-Year) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-07

...; Gravesite Reservation Survey (2- Year) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... Management and Budget (OMB) for review and comment. The PRA submission describes the nature of the... CONTACT: Denise McLamb, Enterprise Records Service (005R1B), Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont...

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2010-12-14

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76 FR 72433 - Revision of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Secure Flight Program

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2011-11-23

...] Revision of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Secure Flight Program AGENCY... operators and foreign air carriers submit to Secure Flight for the purposes of watch list matching... screening checkpoint which airport operators will submit to Secure Flight, and a survey of certain general...

34 CFR 380.5 - What activities may the Secretary fund under community-based supported employment projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... development, including work site modification and use of advanced learning technology for skills training. (3...-based supported employment projects? 380.5 Section 380.5 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... the Secretary fund under community-based supported employment projects? (a) Authorized activities. The...

34 CFR 380.5 - What activities may the Secretary fund under community-based supported employment projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... development, including work site modification and use of advanced learning technology for skills training. (3...-based supported employment projects? 380.5 Section 380.5 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... the Secretary fund under community-based supported employment projects? (a) Authorized activities. The...

34 CFR 380.5 - What activities may the Secretary fund under community-based supported employment projects?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... development, including work site modification and use of advanced learning technology for skills training. (3...-based supported employment projects? 380.5 Section 380.5 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... the Secretary fund under community-based supported employment projects? (a) Authorized activities. The...

34 CFR 426.7 - What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Agriculture Action Centers? 426.7 Section 426.7 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM General § 426.7 What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers? The Secretary supports model Agriculture Action Centers that provide improved access to...

34 CFR 426.7 - What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Agriculture Action Centers? 426.7 Section 426.7 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM General § 426.7 What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers? The Secretary supports model Agriculture Action Centers that provide improved access to...

34 CFR 426.7 - What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Agriculture Action Centers? 426.7 Section 426.7 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM General § 426.7 What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers? The Secretary supports model Agriculture Action Centers that provide improved access to...

34 CFR 426.7 - What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Agriculture Action Centers? 426.7 Section 426.7 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM General § 426.7 What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers? The Secretary supports model Agriculture Action Centers that provide improved access to...

34 CFR 426.7 - What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Agriculture Action Centers? 426.7 Section 426.7 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM General § 426.7 What activities does the Secretary fund under the Agriculture Action Centers? The Secretary supports model Agriculture Action Centers that provide improved access to...

78 FR 73237 - Reports, Forms and Record Keeping Requirements Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-05

... of information technology. A comment to OMB is most effective if OMB receives it within 30 days of...-0088] Reports, Forms and Record Keeping Requirements Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB... Information Collection Request (ICR) abstracted below has been forwarded to the Office of Management and...

26 CFR 1.863-3 - Allocation and apportionment of income from certain sales of inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... income from sources within and without the United States determined under the 50/50 method. Research and... Possession Purchase Sales—(A) Business activity method. Gross income from Possession Purchase Sales is... from Possession Purchase Sales computed under the business activity method, the amounts of expenses...

24 CFR 982.306 - PHA disapproval of owner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) The owner has engaged in any drug-related criminal activity or any violent criminal activity; (4) The owner has a history or practice of non-compliance with the HQS for units leased under the tenant-based... leased under any other federal housing program; (5) The owner has a history or practice of failing to...

24 CFR 982.306 - PHA disapproval of owner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) The owner has engaged in any drug-related criminal activity or any violent criminal activity; (4) The owner has a history or practice of non-compliance with the HQS for units leased under the tenant-based... leased under any other federal housing program; (5) The owner has a history or practice of failing to...

78 FR 43969 - Agency Information Collection (Brand Name or Equal) Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-22

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS [OMB Control No. 2900-0585] Agency Information Collection (Brand Name or Equal) Activities Under OMB Review Correction Notice document 2013-17006, appearing on page 42593, in the issue of Tuesday, July 16, 2013 was withdrawn by the Department of Veterans Affairs. It...

75 FR 80114 - Agency Information Collection (Obligation To Report Factors Affecting Entitlement) Activity Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-21

... (Obligation To Report Factors Affecting Entitlement) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... Report Factors Affecting Entitlement (38 CFR 3.204(a)(1), 38 CFR 3.256(a) and 38 CFR 3.277(b)). OMB... benefits must report changes in their entitlement factors. Individual factors such as income, marital...

77 FR 3844 - Agency Information Collection (Architect-Engineer Fee Proposal) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-25

... (Architect--Engineer Fee Proposal) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Health Administration...) of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-21), this notice announces that the Veterans Health Administration... the scope and complexity of the project. VA Form 10-6298 is used to obtain such proposal and...

76 FR 33028 - Agency Information Collection (Application for Exclusion of Children's Income) Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-07

... (Application for Exclusion of Children's Income) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... Exclusion of Children's Income, VA Form 21-0571. OMB Control Number: 2900-0510. Type of Review: Extension of... determine whether children's income can be excluded from consideration in determining a parent's eligibility...

75 FR 77957 - Agency Information Collection (Pension Claim Questionnaire for Farm Income) Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-14

... Claim Questionnaire for Farm Income) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... Questionnaire for Farm Income, VA Form 21- 4165. OMB Control Number: 2900-0095. Type of Review: Extension of a... necessary to determine a claimant's countable annual income and available assets due to farm operations...

25 CFR Appendix A to Subpart G - List of Activities Eligible for Funding Under BIA Transportation Facility Maintenance Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., Subpt. G, App. A Appendix A to Subpart G—List of Activities Eligible for Funding Under BIA..., or purchasing of maintenance equipment. 13. Paying utilities cost for roadway lighting and traffic signals. 14. Purchasing maintenance materials. 15. Developing, implementing, and maintaining an IRR...

76 FR 39153 - Agency Information Collection; Activity Under OMB Review; Report of Traffic and Capacity...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-05

... Administration Agency Information Collection; Activity Under OMB Review; Report of Traffic and Capacity.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: OMB Approval No. 2138-0040 Title: Report of Traffic and Capacity Statistics--The T... the FAA to more fairly distribute these funds. Air Carrier Safety The FAA uses traffic, operational...

76 FR 56505 - Agency Information Collection (Suspension of Monthly Check) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-13

... (Suspension of Monthly Check) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration, Department... 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3521), this notice announces that the Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA... Vermont Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20420, (202) 461-7485, fax (202) 461-0966 or e-mail [email protected

77 FR 42554 - Agency Information Collection (Application for Fee or Personnel Designation) Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-19

... (Application for Fee or Personnel Designation) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits...: Application for Fee or Personnel Designation, VA Form 26- 6681. OMB Control Number: 2900-0113. Type of Review... the applicant's experience in the real estate valuation field. An agency may not conduct or sponsor...

78 FR 12716 - Expansion of Foreign-Trade Zone 49 Newark/Elizabeth, New Jersey

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-25

... that would terminate authority on February 28, 2018 for Site 13 if no activity has occurred under FTZ... terminate authority where no activity has occurred under FTZ procedures by February 28, 2018. Signed at... Administration, Alternate Chairman, Foreign-Trade Zones Board. Attest: Andrew McGilvray, Executive Secretary. [FR...

76 FR 56503 - Agency Information Collection (Report of Treatment in Hospital) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-13

... of Treatment in Hospital) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... nature of the information collection and its expected cost and burden; it includes the actual data... Treatment in Hospital, VA FL 29-551. OMB Control Number: 2900-0119. Type of Review: Extension of a currently...

24 CFR 982.306 - PHA disapproval of owner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) The owner has engaged in any drug-related criminal activity or any violent criminal activity; (4) The owner has a history or practice of non-compliance with the HQS for units leased under the tenant-based... leased under any other federal housing program; (5) The owner has a history or practice of failing to...

A Remotely Operated Science Experiment Framework for Under-Resourced Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Song, Donggil; Karimi, Arafeh; Kim, Paul

2016-01-01

Teaching argumentation with appropriate activities and strategies would support a wide range of goals in science education. Though science labs have been suggested and employed for argumentation activities, such educational expenditures are likely to be beyond the means of most schools in under-resourced areas. Due to the lack of appropriate…

78 FR 6849 - Agency Information Collection (Verification of VA Benefits) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-31

... (Verification of VA Benefits) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration, Department of... ``OMB Control No. 2900-0406.'' SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Verification of VA Benefits, VA Form 26... eliminate unlimited versions of lender- designed forms. The form also informs the lender whether or not the...

30 CFR 285.803 - How must I conduct my approved activities to protect essential fish habitats identified and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... protect essential fish habitats identified and described under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation... fish habitats identified and described under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act? (a) If, during the conduct of your approved activities, MMS finds that essential fish habitat or...

75 FR 74063 - Supplemental Funding Under the Food and Drug Administration's Convener of Active Medical Product...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-30

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2010-N-0576] Supplemental Funding Under the Food and Drug Administration's Convener of Active Medical Product Surveillance Discussions (U13) RFA- FD-09-012; Request for Supplemental Application AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration...

34 CFR 363.4 - What are the authorized activities under a State Supported Employment Services grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are the authorized activities under a State Supported Employment Services grant? 363.4 Section 363.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF...

5 CFR 353.203 - Length of service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... DUTY FROM UNIFORMED SERVICE OR COMPENSABLE INJURY Uniformed Service § 353.203 Length of service. (a... member of a uniformed service who is: (i) Ordered to or retained on active duty under sections 12301(a..., 360, 367, or 712; (ii) Ordered to or retained on active duty (other than for training) under any...

75 FR 26346 - Agency Information Collection (Application for Cash Surrender or Policy Loan) Activities: Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-11

... abstracted below to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and comment. The PRA submission... (Application for Cash Surrender or Policy Loan) Activities: Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits...: Titles: a. Application for Cash Surrender, Government Life Insurance, VA Form 29-1546. b. Application for...

20 CFR 665.100 - What are the Statewide workforce investment activities under title I of WIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Statewide workforce investment funds. Descriptions of these policies and strategies must be included in the... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What are the Statewide workforce investment... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEWIDE WORKFORCE INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES UNDER TITLE I OF THE WORKFORCE...

29 CFR 790.8 - “Principal” activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... liabilities and obligations under the Fair Labor Standards Act with respect to the “principal” activities his... determining hours worked under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended. 54 Although certain “preliminary” and.... Allison Co., Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 63 F. (2d) 553 (C.C.A. 8, 1933). 56 Cf. Armour & Co...

75 FR 20427 - Agency Information Collection (Reasonable Accommodation) Activities Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

... Collection (Reasonable Accommodation) Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Office of Human Resources and... Reduction Act (PRA) of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-21), this notice announces that the Office of Human Resources... VA's OMB Desk Officer, OMB Human Resources and Housing Branch, New Executive Office Building, Room...

75 FR 28857 - Agency Information Collection (Inquiry Concerning Applicant for Employment) Activities Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-24

... Concerning Applicant for Employment) Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Office of Human Resources and... Reduction Act (PRA) of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3521), this notice announces that the Office of Human Resources... OMB Desk Officer, OMB Human Resources and Housing Branch, New Executive Office Building, Room 10235...

76 FR 56506 - Agency Information Collection (Complaint of Employment Discrimination) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-13

... (Complaint of Employment Discrimination) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Office of Human Resources and... Reduction Act (PRA) of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-21), this notice announces that the Office of Human Resources... OMB Desk Officer, OMB Human Resources and Housing Branch, New Executive Office Building, Room 10235...

20 CFR 667.264 - What other activities are prohibited under title I of WIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What other activities are prohibited under title I of WIA? 667.264 Section 667.264 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION...) WIA title I funds must not be spent on: (1) The wages of incumbent employees during their...

77 FR 35114 - Agency Information Collection (NCA PreNeed Burial Planning) Activity Under OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

...Need Burial Planning) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: National Cemetery Administration, Department of... PreNeed Burial Planning, VA Form 40-10007. OMB Control Number: 2900--New. Type of Review: New... members, and their eligible family members with planning for burial in a VA national cemetery. This...

77 FR 7242 - Agency Information Collection (Agreement To Train on the Job Disabled Veterans): Activity Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-10

..., OMB Human Resources and Housing Branch, New Executive Office Building, Room 10235, Washington, DC... (Agreement To Train on the Job Disabled Veterans): Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and comment. The PRA submission describes the...

77 FR 27542 - Agency Information Collection Activities (Bereaved Family Member Satisfaction Survey) Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

... Activities (Bereaved Family Member Satisfaction Survey) Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Health...: Bereaved Family Member Satisfaction Survey, VA Form 10- 21081(NR). OMB Control Number: 2900-0701. Type of...) will be use to survey family members of deceased veterans on their satisfaction with the quality care...

45 CFR 660.6 - What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations? 660.6 Section 660.6 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE...

45 CFR 660.6 - What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations? 660.6 Section 660.6 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE...

45 CFR 660.6 - What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations? 660.6 Section 660.6 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE...

45 CFR 660.6 - What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations? 660.6 Section 660.6 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE...

45 CFR 660.6 - What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What procedures apply to the selection of programs and activities under these regulations? 660.6 Section 660.6 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE...

76 FR 73022 - Agency Information Collection (Report of Income From Property or Business): Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-28

... of Income From Property or Business): Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and comment. The PRA submission describes the... INFORMATION CONTACT: Denise McLamb, Enterprise Records Service (005R1B), Department of Veterans Affairs, 810...

78 FR 26034 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-03

... with the Secretary under section 1876 of the Social Security Act are required to submit a budget and... Secretary under section 1833 of the Social Security Act are required to submit a budget and enrollment... financial activities such as independent audits, provider organization and operation, etc. The MAC is...

20 CFR 665.100 - What are the Statewide workforce investment activities under title I of WIA?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Statewide workforce investment funds. Descriptions of these policies and strategies must be included in the... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What are the Statewide workforce investment... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STATEWIDE WORKFORCE INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES UNDER TITLE I OF THE WORKFORCE...

78 FR 64064 - Agency Information Collection (Principles of Excellence Complaint System Intake) Activity Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... (Principles of Excellence Complaint System Intake) Activity Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and comment. The PRA submission describes the... Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Attn: VA Desk Officer; 725 17th St. NW...

34 CFR 403.140 - What activities does the Secretary support under the State Assistance for Vocational Education...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE VOCATIONAL AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What activities does the Secretary support under the State Assistance for Vocational Education Support Programs by Community-Based Organizations? 403.140...

34 CFR 403.61 - What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs? 403.61 Section 403.61 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE...

34 CFR 403.140 - What activities does the Secretary support under the State Assistance for Vocational Education...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE VOCATIONAL AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What activities does the Secretary support under the State Assistance for Vocational Education Support Programs by Community-Based Organizations? 403.140...

34 CFR 403.61 - What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs? 403.61 Section 403.61 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE...

34 CFR 403.61 - What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs? 403.61 Section 403.61 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE...

34 CFR 403.140 - What activities does the Secretary support under the State Assistance for Vocational Education...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE VOCATIONAL AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What activities does the Secretary support under the State Assistance for Vocational Education Support Programs by Community-Based Organizations? 403.140...

34 CFR 403.140 - What activities does the Secretary support under the State Assistance for Vocational Education...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE VOCATIONAL AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What activities does the Secretary support under the State Assistance for Vocational Education Support Programs by Community-Based Organizations? 403.140...

34 CFR 403.61 - What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs? 403.61 Section 403.61 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE...

34 CFR 403.61 - What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What projects, services, and activities are permissible under the basic programs? 403.61 Section 403.61 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE...

Synthesis of ammonium and sulfate ion-functionalized titanium dioxide for photocatalytic applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, J. L.; Mi, J. Y.; Miao, H.; Sharifah Fatanah, B. S. A.; Wong, S. F.; Tay, B. K.

2017-04-01

Due to high band gap energy the optimum photocatalytic activities can only be achieved under UV light, thus limiting the practical application of TiO2. In this study, a method combining NH4 +/SO4 2--functionalization technique and post-treatment was developed and successfully applied to synthesize photoactive TiO2 samples which showed higher photocatalytic activity than the commercial P25 TiO2 under visible light radiation. The results also showed that the addition of (NH4)2SO4 surface functionalization on TiO2 increased the photocatalytic activity, which could be due to the combined effect of crystallinity and band gap energies. Moreover, the results showed that calcination temperature was inversely proportional to photocatalytic activity. The degradation efficiency for methylene blue under visible light was improved by 2 times from 10.7% for P25 nano Degussa TiO2 to 20.2% for the synthesized sample. The band gap energies were also reduced from 3.7 to 3.4 eV (under UV-Vis direct transition mode) indicating a red shift towards higher wavelength.

Influence of solar variability on the occurrence of central European weather types from 1763 to 2009

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwander, Mikhaël; Rohrer, Marco; Brönnimann, Stefan; Malik, Abdul

2017-09-01

The impact of solar variability on weather and climate in central Europe is still not well understood. In this paper we use a new time series of daily weather types to analyse the influence of the 11-year solar cycle on the tropospheric weather of central Europe. We employ a novel, daily weather type classification over the period 1763-2009 and investigate the occurrence frequency of weather types under low, moderate, and high solar activity level. Results show a tendency towards fewer days with westerly and west-southwesterly flow over central Europe under low solar activity. In parallel, the occurrence of northerly and easterly types increases. For the 1958-2009 period, a more detailed view can be gained from reanalysis data. Mean sea level pressure composites under low solar activity also show a reduced zonal flow, with an increase of the mean blocking frequency between Iceland and Scandinavia. Weather types and reanalysis data show that the 11-year solar cycle influences the late winter atmospheric circulation over central Europe with colder (warmer) conditions under low (high) solar activity.

Effect of aromatherapy massage on elderly patients under long-term hospitalization in Japan.

PubMed

Satou, Tadaaki; Chikama, Mizuki; Chikama, Yoshiko; Hachigo, Masato; Urayama, Haruna; Murakami, Shio; Hayashi, Shinichiro; Koikem, Kazuo

2013-03-01

To verify the effectiveness of aromatherapy massage on elderly patients under long-term hospitalization. Aromatherapy massage was performed twice a week for a total of eight times. Nursing home. Elderly women under long-term hospitalization. Questionnaire and measurement of stress marker levels (salivary amylase activity) before and after the first, fifth, and eighth aromatherapy massages. Questionnaire (Face scale, General Health Questionnaire-12 [GHQ-12]), measurement of salivary amylase activity. A decrease in stress after aromatherapy massage compared to before each massage was confirmed at all measurement times and with the stress marker. No marked reduction was observed in Face scale or saliva amylase activity as a whole over the long term, although decreasing tendencies were seen. Marked reductions in GHQ-12 were observed over the long term. Aroma massage appears likely to prove effective in reducing psychological stress among elderly patients under long-term hospitalization.

Enhanced processing of threat stimuli under limited attentional resources.

PubMed

De Martino, Benedetto; Kalisch, Raffael; Rees, Geraint; Dolan, Raymond J

2009-01-01

The ability to process stimuli that convey potential threat, under conditions of limited attentional resources, confers adaptive advantages. This study examined the neurobiology underpinnings of this capacity. Employing an attentional blink paradigm, in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging, we manipulated the salience of the second of 2 face target stimuli (T2), by varying emotionality. Behaviorally, fearful T2 faces were identified significantly more than neutral faces. Activity in fusiform face area increased with correct identification of T2 faces. Enhanced activity in rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) accounted for the benefit in detection of fearful stimuli reflected in a significant interaction between target valence and correct identification. Thus, under conditions of limited attention resources activation in rACC correlated with enhanced processing of emotional stimuli. We suggest that these data support a model in which a prefrontal "gate" mechanism controls conscious access of emotional information under conditions of limited attentional resources.

Wavelength dependence of biological damage induced by UV radiation on bacteria.

PubMed

Santos, Ana L; Oliveira, Vanessa; Baptista, Inês; Henriques, Isabel; Gomes, Newton C M; Almeida, Adelaide; Correia, António; Cunha, Ângela

2013-01-01

The biological effects of UV radiation of different wavelengths (UVA, UVB and UVC) were assessed in nine bacterial isolates displaying different UV sensitivities. Biological effects (survival and activity) and molecular markers of oxidative stress [DNA strand breakage (DSB), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase] were quantified and statistically analyzed in order to identify the major determinants of cell inactivation under the different spectral regions. Survival and activity followed a clear wavelength dependence, being highest under UVA and lowest under UVC. The generation of ROS, as well as protein and lipid oxidation, followed the same pattern. DNA damage (DSB) showed the inverse trend. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that survival under UVA, UVB and UVC wavelengths was best explained by DSB, oxidative damage to lipids, and intracellular ROS levels, respectively.

Different effects of blue and red light-emitting diodes on antioxidant responses in the liver and ovary of zebrafish Danio rerio.

PubMed

Yuan, Shuang-Shuang; Xu, Huan-Zhi; Liu, Li-Qin; Zheng, Jia-Lang

2017-04-01

The present study assessed the effects of a white fluorescent bulb (the control) and two different light-emitting diodes (blue LEDs, LDB; red, LDR) on growth, morphology, and oxidative stress in the liver and ovary of zebrafish for 5 weeks. Growth maintained relatively constant under LDB condition, but was reduced under LDR condition. In the liver, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and protein carbonylation (PC) increased under LDR condition, whereas lipid peroxidation (LPO) declined and HSI remained unchanged under LDB condition. The decrease in oxidative damage by LDB could be attributed to the up-regulated levels of mRNA, protein, and activity of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT. A failure to activate the activity of both enzymes may result in the enhanced PC levels under LDR condition, though both genes were up-regulated at transcriptional and translational levels. In the ovary, although gonadosomatic index sharply increased under LDR condition, LPO and PC dramatically accumulated. The increase in oxidative damage by LDR might result from the down-regulated levels of protein and activity of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT, though both genes were up-regulated at a transcriptional level. Furthermore, a sharp increase in expression of transcription factor Nrf2 that targets antioxidant genes was observed in the liver but not in the ovary under LDB and LDR conditions. In conclusion, our data demonstrated a positive effect of LDB and negative effect of LDR on fish antioxidant defenses, emphasizing the potentials of LDB as an effective light source in fish farming.

Warm-up with weighted bat and adjustment of upper limb muscle activity in bat swinging under movement correction conditions.

PubMed

Ohta, Yoichi; Ishii, Yasumitsu; Ikudome, Sachi; Nakamoto, Hiroki

2014-02-01

The effects of weighted bat warm-up on adjustment of upper limb muscle activity were investigated during baseball bat swinging under dynamic conditions that require a spatial and temporal adjustment of the swinging to hit a moving target. Seven male college baseball players participated in this study. Using a batting simulator, the task was to swing the standard bat coincident with the arrival timing and position of a moving target after three warm-up swings using a standard or weighted bat. There was no significant effect of weighted bat warm-up on muscle activity before impact associated with temporal or spatial movement corrections. However, lower inhibition of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle activity was observed in a velocity-changed condition in the weighted bat warm-up, as compared to a standard bat warm-up. It is suggested that weighted bat warm-up decreases the adjustment ability associated with inhibition of muscle activation under movement correction conditions.

Activation of Entorhinal Cortical Projections to the Dentate Gyrus Underlies Social Memory Retrieval.

PubMed

Leung, Celeste; Cao, Feng; Nguyen, Robin; Joshi, Krutika; Aqrabawi, Afif J; Xia, Shuting; Cortez, Miguel A; Snead, O Carter; Kim, Jun Chul; Jia, Zhengping

2018-05-22

Social interactions are essential to our mental health, and a deficit in social interactions is a hallmark characteristic of numerous brain disorders. Various subregions within the medial temporal lobe have been implicated in social memory, but the underlying mechanisms that tune these neural circuits remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that optical activation of excitatory entorhinal cortical perforant projections to the dentate gyrus (EC-DG) is necessary and sufficient for social memory retrieval. We further show that inducible disruption of p21-activated kinase (PAK) signaling, a key pathway important for cytoskeletal reorganization, in the EC-DG circuit leads to impairments in synaptic function and social recognition memory, and, importantly, optogenetic activation of the EC-DG terminals reverses the social memory deficits in the transgenic mice. These results provide compelling evidence that activation of the EC-DG pathway underlies social recognition memory recall and that PAK signaling may play a critical role in modulating this process. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Strain mapping in single-layer two-dimensional crystals via Raman activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yagmurcukardes, M.; Bacaksiz, C.; Unsal, E.; Akbali, B.; Senger, R. T.; Sahin, H.

2018-03-01

By performing density functional theory-based ab initio calculations, Raman-active phonon modes of single-layer two-dimensional (2D) materials and the effect of in-plane biaxial strain on the peak frequencies and corresponding activities of the Raman-active modes are calculated. Our findings confirm the Raman spectrum of the unstrained 2D crystals and provide expected variations in the Raman-active modes of the crystals under in-plane biaxial strain. The results are summarized as follows: (i) frequencies of the phonon modes soften (harden) under applied tensile (compressive) strains; (ii) the response of the Raman activities to applied strain for the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrational modes have opposite trends, thus, the built-in strains in the materials can be monitored by tracking the relative activities of those modes; (iii) in particular, the A peak in single-layer Si and Ge disappears under a critical tensile strain; (iv) especially in mono- and diatomic single layers, the shift of the peak frequencies is a stronger indication of the strain rather than the change in Raman activities; (v) Raman-active modes of single-layer ReX2 (X =S , Se) are almost irresponsive to the applied strain. Strain-induced modifications in the Raman spectrum of 2D materials in terms of the peak positions and the relative Raman activities of the modes could be a convenient tool for characterization.

Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in the subterranean Mashona mole rat, Cryptomys darlingi.

PubMed

Vasicek, Caroline A; Oosthuizen, Maria K; Cooper, Howard M; Bennett, Nigel C

2005-02-15

The Mashona mole rat, Cryptomys darlingi, is a social, subterranean African rodent that is rarely, if ever, exposed to light, and that exhibits a regressed visual system. This study investigated locomotor activity patterns of Mashona mole rats (n=12) under different light cycles. Activity was measured using either infrared captors (n=8) or running wheels (n=4). The mole rats entrained their activity to a standard (LD 12:12) photoperiod. They displayed either a nocturnal or diurnal activity preference with one bout of activity and one bout of rest. Therefore, as a species, the Mashona mole rat did not show a clear nocturnal or diurnal activity preference. When the LD (12:12) light cycle was inversed, the animals switched their activity, too. Under constant dark (DD), most mole rats (73%) showed a free-running circadian activity rhythm, but under constant light (LL), only some (36%) did. The free-run period of the rhythm (tau) ranged from 23.83 to 24.10 h. The remaining animals were arrhythmic. There was large interindividual and intraindividual variations in the rate and extent of entrainment, time of activity preference, and activity patterns. Possible reasons for the observed variations are discussed. It is concluded that the Mashona mole rat has an endogenous activity rhythm which approximates 24 h, that the mole rat can distinguish between light and dark, and that the endogenous clock utilises this photic information as a zeitgeber.

Beta-adrenergic stimulation contributes to maintenance of endothelial barrier functions under baseline conditions.

PubMed

Spindler, Volker; Waschke, Jens

2011-02-01

cAMP signaling within the endothelium is known to reduce paracellular permeability and to protect against loss of barrier functions under various pathological conditions. Because activation of β-adrenergic receptors elevates cellular cAMP, we tested whether β-adrenergic receptor signaling contributes to the maintenance of baseline endothelial barrier properties. We compared hydraulic conductivity of rat postcapillary venules in vivo with resistance measurements and with reorganization of endothelial adherens junctions in cultured microvascular endothelial cells downstream of β-adrenergic receptor-mediated changes of cAMP levels. Inhibition of β-adrenergic receptors by propranolol increased hydraulic conductivity, reduced both cAMP levels and TER of microvascular endothelial cell monolayers and induced fragmentation of VE-cadherin staining. In contrast, activation by epinephrine both increased cAMP levels and TER and resulted in linearized VE-cadherin distribution, however this was not sufficient to block barrier-destabilization by propranolol. Similarly, PDE inhibition did not prevent propranolol-induced TER reduction and VE-cadherin reorganization whereas increased cAMP formation by AC activation enhanced endothelial barrier functions under baseline conditions and under conditions of propranolol treatment. Our results indicate that generation of cAMP mediated by activation of β-adrenergic receptor signaling contributes to the maintenance of endothelial barrier properties under baseline conditions. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

78 FR 48200 - Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-541)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-07

... NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic... Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95-541. SUMMARY: The National... activities regulated under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978. NSF has published regulations under the...

Adult Tea Green Leafhoppers, Empoasca onukii (Matsuda), Change Behaviors under Varying Light Conditions

PubMed Central

Shi, Longqing; Vasseur, Liette; Huang, Huoshui; Zeng, Zhaohua; Hu, Guiping; Liu, Xin; You, Minsheng

2017-01-01

Insect behaviors are often influenced by light conditions including photoperiod, light intensity, and wavelength. Understanding pest insect responses to changing light conditions may help with developing alternative strategies for pest control. Little is known about the behavioral responses of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) to light conditions. The behavior of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, was examined when exposed to different light photoperiods or wavelengths. Observations included the frequency of locomotion and cleaning activities, and the duration of time spent searching. The results suggested that under normal photoperiod both female and male adults were generally more active in darkness (i.e., at night) than in light. In continuous darkness (DD), the locomotion and cleaning events in Period 1 (7:00–19:00) were significantly increased, when compared to the leafhoppers under normal photoperiod (LD). Leafhoppers, especially females, changed their behavioral patterns to a two day cycle under DD. Under continuous illumination (continuous quartz lamp light, yellow light at night, and green light at night), the activities of locomotion, cleaning, and searching were significantly suppressed during the night (19:00–7:00) and locomotion activities of both females and males were significantly increased during the day (7:00–19:00), suggesting a shift in circadian rhythm. Our work suggests that changes in light conditions, including photoperiod and wavelength, can influence behavioral activities of leafhoppers, potentially affecting other life history traits such as reproduction and development, and may serve as a method for leafhopper behavioral control. PMID:28103237

Differential expression of acid invertase genes in roots of metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations of Rumex japonicus under copper stress.

PubMed

Huang, Wu-Xing; Cao, Yi; Huang, Li-Juan; Ren, Cong; Xiong, Zhi-Ting

2011-09-01

Recent evidence indicates that during copper (Cu) stress, the roots of metallicolous plants manifest a higher activity of acid invertase enzymes, which are rate-limiting in sucrose catabolism, than non-metallicolous plants. To test whether the higher activity of acid invertases is the result of higher expression of acid invertase genes, we isolated partial cDNAs for acid invertases from two populations of Rumex japonicus (from metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils), determined their nucleotide sequences, and designed primers to measure changes in transcript levels during Cu stress. We also determined the growth of the plants' roots, Cu accumulation, and acid invertase activities. The seedlings of R. japonicus were exposed to control or 20 μM Cu(2+) for 6d under hydroponic conditions. The transcript level and enzyme activity of acid invertases in metallicolous plants were both significantly higher than those in non-metallicolous plants when treated with 20 μM. Under Cu stress, the root length and root biomass of metallicolous plants were also significantly higher than those of non-metallicolous plants. The results suggested that under Cu stress, the expression of acid invertase genes in metallicolous plants of R. japonicus differed from those in non-metallicolous plants. Furthermore, the higher acid invertase activities of metallicolous plants under Cu stress could be due in part to elevated expression of acid invertase genes. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Adult Tea Green Leafhoppers, Empoasca onukii (Matsuda), Change Behaviors under Varying Light Conditions.

PubMed

Shi, Longqing; Vasseur, Liette; Huang, Huoshui; Zeng, Zhaohua; Hu, Guiping; Liu, Xin; You, Minsheng

2017-01-01

Insect behaviors are often influenced by light conditions including photoperiod, light intensity, and wavelength. Understanding pest insect responses to changing light conditions may help with developing alternative strategies for pest control. Little is known about the behavioral responses of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) to light conditions. The behavior of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, was examined when exposed to different light photoperiods or wavelengths. Observations included the frequency of locomotion and cleaning activities, and the duration of time spent searching. The results suggested that under normal photoperiod both female and male adults were generally more active in darkness (i.e., at night) than in light. In continuous darkness (DD), the locomotion and cleaning events in Period 1 (7:00-19:00) were significantly increased, when compared to the leafhoppers under normal photoperiod (LD). Leafhoppers, especially females, changed their behavioral patterns to a two day cycle under DD. Under continuous illumination (continuous quartz lamp light, yellow light at night, and green light at night), the activities of locomotion, cleaning, and searching were significantly suppressed during the night (19:00-7:00) and locomotion activities of both females and males were significantly increased during the day (7:00-19:00), suggesting a shift in circadian rhythm. Our work suggests that changes in light conditions, including photoperiod and wavelength, can influence behavioral activities of leafhoppers, potentially affecting other life history traits such as reproduction and development, and may serve as a method for leafhopper behavioral control.

Comparison of white spot syndrome virus infection resistance between Exopalaemon carinicauda and Litopenaeus vannamei under different salinity stresses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ge, Qianqian; Yu, Ge; Sun, Ming; Li, Jitao; Li, Jian

2017-12-01

Exopalaemon carinicauda is one of the important economic shrimp species in China, and can tolerate a wide range of salinities. However, its disease resistance remains to be unclear in comparison with other shrimp species under salinity stress. In this study, the resistance to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) of E. carinicauda and Litopenaeus vannamei was determined by comparing their hemocyanin (Hc) and phenoloxidase (PO) activities under different salinity stresses. In E. carinicauda, the PO activity and Hc gene transcript abundance showed a coherent pattern of increase and decrease while Hc content showed a slightly decrease with Vibrio anguillarum and WSSV infections. For both E. carinicauda and L. vannamei under salinity stress, the PO activity showed a positive correlation with the salinity while the Hc content and expression level of its gene increased significantly in salinities of 5, 15 and 25 g L-1. The survival rate of E. carinicauda with WSSV infection was higher than that of L. vannamei in the first 24 h under different salinity stresses. Drastic mortality of E.carinicauda and L. vannamei appeared at 48 h and 3 h post-injection, respectively. Furthermore, compared with L. vannamei, E. carinicauda displayed higher PO activity, Hc content and abundance of Hc gene mRNA. The results collectively indicated that Hc and PO have obviously functional connection in resisting pathogens and tolerating salinity stress, and PO activity and Hc gene mRNA abundance may reflect the resistance of shrimp to disease. E. carinicauda has higher level of immune potential than L. vannamei, suggesting its greater capacity in resisting pathogens under salinity stresses.

[The modification of nitric oxide production by exogenous substrates of Krebs cycle during acute hypoxia].

PubMed

Kurhaliuk, N M; Kotsiuruba, A V; Sahach, V F

2005-01-01

Hypoxia causes the disruption of mitochondria electron respiratory chain, production of active oxygen forms and the unoxidative protection. In experiments on Wistar rats the influence of sodium succinate (50 mg/kg) and 6-ketoglutarate (200 mg/kg) on NO2-, NO3-, urea and polyamines contents in blood and liver under acute hypoxia (7% O2 in N2, 30 min) was investigated. Nitrite and nitrate content decreased in erythrocytes and liver but not in plasma under acute hypoxia. The exogenous succinate (SK) stimulated production of nitric oxide in erythrocytes and liver while 6-ketoglutarate (KG) only in liver. The switch from more intensive SK oxidation that reveals adrenomimetic influence and causes the synthesis and release of NO from erythrocyte, to less intensive KG correlates with well-known decrease of tissue respiration under the activation of the cholinergic system due to urea cycle activation particularly in liver. The activation of the SK oxidation takes place mainly under the different stress conditions and causes NO production in the blood cells. These conditions of the intensive and fast action under acute hypoxia are accompanied on the one hand by the increase of oxygen input ratio and on the other hand by activation of the free radical oxidation. The protective effect of the natural Krebs cycle intermediates--SK and KG in particular, is related to the regulation of NO synthesis and its metabolism in the main organs. These results proved the existence not only metabolite control of NO system by Krebs cycle intermediates, but the existence of the systemic mechanism for the support of the functional state of mitochondria under hypoxia.

BMP-2 up-regulates PTEN expression and induces apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells under hypoxia.

PubMed

Pi, Weifeng; Guo, Xuejun; Su, Liping; Xu, Weiguo

2012-01-01

To investigate the role of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in regulation of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia. Normal human PASMCs were cultured in growth medium (GM) and treated with BMP-2 from 5-80 ng/ml under hypoxia (5% CO(2)+94% N(2)+1% O(2)) for 72 hours. Gene expression of PTEN, AKT-1 and AKT-2 were determined by quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR). Protein expression levels of PTEN, AKT and phosph-AKT (pAKT) were determined. Apoptosis of PASMCs were determined by measuring activities of caspases-3, -8 and -9. siRNA-smad-4, bpV(HOpic) (PTEN inhibitor) and GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist) were used to determine the signalling pathways. Proliferation of PASMCs showed dose dependence of BMP-2, the lowest proliferation rate was achieved at 60 ng/ml concentration under hypoxia (82.2±2.8%). BMP-2 increased PTEN gene expression level, while AKT-1 and AKT-2 did not change. Consistently, the PTEN protein expression also showed dose dependence of BMP-2. AKT activity significantly reduced in BMP-2 treated PASMCs. Increased activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 of PASMCs were found after cultured with BMP-2. PTEN expression remained unchanged when Smad-4 expression was inhibited by siRNA-Smad-4. bpV(HOpic) and GW9662 (PPARγ inhibitor) inhibited PTEN protein expression and recovered PASMCs proliferation rate. BMP-2 increased PTEN expression under hypoxia in a dose dependent pattern. BMP-2 reduced AKT activity and increased caspase activity of PASMCs under hypoxia. The increased PTEN expression may be mediated through PPARγ signalling pathway, instead of BMP/Smad signalling pathway.

Experimental study on the effect of calcination on the volcanic ash activity of diatomite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Liguang; Pang, Bo

2017-09-01

The volcanic ash activity of diatomite was studied under the conditions of aerobic calcination and vacuum calcination by the combined water rate method, it was characterized by XRD, BET and SEM. The results showed that the volcanic ash activity of diatomite under vacuum conditions was higher than that of aerobic calcination, 600°C vacuum calcination 2h, the combined water rate of diatomite-Ca(OH)2-H2O system was increased from 6.24% to 71.43%, the volcanic ash activity reached the maximum value, the specific surface

Priming effects and enzymatic activity in Israeli soils under treated wastewater and freshwater irrigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anissimova, Marina; Heinze, Stefanie; Chen, Yona; Tarchitzky, Jorge; Marschner, Bernd

2014-05-01

Irrigation of soils with treated wastewater (TWW) directly influences microbial processes of soil. TWW contains easily decomposable organic material, which can stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms and, as a result, lead to the excessive consumption of soil organic carbon pool. We investigated the effects of irrigation with TWW relative to those of irrigation with freshwater (FW) on the microbial parameters in soils with low (7%) and medium (13%) clay content in a lysimeter experiment. The objectives of our study were to (i) determine the impact of water quality on soil respiration and enzymatic activity influenced by clay content and depth, and (ii) work out the changes in the turnover of soil organic matter (PE, priming effects). Samples were taken from three soil depths (0-10, 10-20, and 40-60 cm). Soil respiration and PE were determined in a 21-days incubation experiment after addition of uniformly 14C-labeled fructose. Activity of 10 extracellular enzymes (EEA, from C-, N-, P-, and S-cycle), phenol oxidase and peroxidase activity (PO+PE), and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were assayed. Microbial Community-Level Physiological Profiles (CLPP) using four substrates, and microbial biomass were determined. The results showed that the clay content acted as the main determinative factor. In the soil with low clay content the water quality had a greater impact: the highest PE (56%) was observed in the upper layer (0-10cm) under FW irrigation; EEA of C-, P-, and S-cycles was significantly higher in the upper soil layer under TWW irrigation. Microbial biomass was higher in the soil under TWW irrigation and decreased with increasing of depth (50 μg/g soil in the upper layer, 15 μg/g soil in the lowest layer). This tendency was also observed for DHA. Contrary to the low clay content, in the soil with medium clay content both irrigation types caused the highest PE in the lowest layer (65% under FW irrigation, 48% under TWW irrigation); the higher substrate mineralization (10%) and the highest phosphatase activity (in the case of FW irrigation) was observed. The PO+PE activity was two to three times higher than in the soil with low clay content and increased clearly with increasing of soil depth. The last tendency was also valid generally for the enzymes of C-, N-, and P-cycles under both types of irrigation. The upper layer in the soil under TWW irrigation was characterized by the highest microbial biomass value (74 μg/g soil). DHA in all soil depths under both types of irrigation was significantly higher than in the corresponding depths of soil with low clay content. CLPP data showed the highest consumption of ascorbic acid and D-glucosamine hydrochloride in comparison to consumption of D-glucose and L-glutamine in both irrigation types.

Protein synthesis inhibition activity by strawberry tissue protein extracts during plant life cycle and under biotic and abiotic stresses.

PubMed

Polito, Letizia; Bortolotti, Massimo; Mercatelli, Daniele; Mancuso, Rossella; Baruzzi, Gianluca; Faedi, Walther; Bolognesi, Andrea

2013-07-25

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), enzymes that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, inhibit protein synthesis by depurinating rRNA and many other polynucleotidic substrates. Although RIPs show antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal activities, their biological and physiological roles are not completely understood. Additionally, it has been described that RIP expression is augmented under stressful conditions. In this study, we evaluated protein synthesis inhibition activity in partially purified basic proteins (hereafter referred to as RIP activity) from tissue extracts of Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry) cultivars with low (Dora) and high (Record) tolerance to root pathogens and fructification stress. Association between the presence of RIP activity and the crop management (organic or integrated soil), growth stage (quiescence, flowering, and fructification), and exogenous stress (drought) were investigated. RIP activity was found in every tissue tested (roots, rhizomes, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits) and under each tested condition. However, significant differences in RIP distribution were observed depending on the soil and growth stage, and an increase in RIP activity was found in the leaves of drought-stressed plants. These results suggest that RIP expression and activity could represent a response mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses and could be a useful tool in selecting stress-resistant strawberry genotypes.

Enzymatic activity inside and outside of water-stable aggregates in soils under different land use

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garbuz, S. A.; Yaroslavtseva, N. V.; Kholodov, V. A.

2016-03-01

A method is presented for assessing the distribution of enzymatic activity inside and outside of water-stable aggregates. Two samples of water-stable aggregates >1 mm have been isolated from dry aggregates of 1-2 mm. To determine the enzymatic activity, a substrate has been added to one of the samples without disaggregation; the other sample has been preliminarily disaggregated. Enzymatic activity within waterstable aggregates has been assessed from the difference between the obtained results under the supposition that the penetration of substrate within the water-saturated aggregates is hampered, and enzymatic reactions occur only at the periphery. The levels and distributions of enzymatic (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase) activities in water-stable aggregates of soddy-podzolic soils under forest and plowland and typical chernozems of long-term field experiments have been studied. The peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase activities of water-stable aggregates vary from 6 to 23, from 7 to 30, and from 5 to 7 mmol/(g h), respectively. The ratio between the enzymatic activities inside and outside of soil aggregates showed a higher dependence on soil type and land use, as well as on the input of organic matter and the structural state, than the general activity level in water-stable aggregates.