Communities of Ethical Practice: Using New Technologies for Ethical Dialectical Discourse

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, Linda; Findlay, John

2008-01-01

The authors report on a project in which a new experiential form of professional learning combined ethical thinking processes with a collaborative meeting technology known as the Zing team learning system (ZTLS). A new software program called "Working Wisely" was built by the completion of the project. The ZTLS in combination with…

Forum: The Lecture and Student Learning. Lecture and Active Learning as a Dialectical Tension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mallin, Irwin

2017-01-01

Lecture remains a valuable tool in the student learning toolbox--one that at its best helps students unpack what they read for class, place course material in context, and see how a subject matter expert solves problems. It may be useful to think of lecture and active learning as a dialectical tension satisfied by the interactive lecture. Just as…

Can Dialectical Behavior Therapy Be Learned in Highly Structured Learning Environments? Results from a Randomized Controlled Dissemination Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dimeff, Linda A.; Woodcock, Eric A.; Harned, Melanie S.; Beadnell, Blair

2011-01-01

This study evaluated the efficacy of methods of training community mental health providers (N=132) in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) distress tolerance skills, including (a) Linehan's (1993a) Skills Training Manual for Borderline Personality Disorder (Manual), (b) a multimedia e-Learning course covering the same content (e-DBT), and (c) a…

Population genetic structure and vocal dialects in an amazon parrot.

PubMed Central

Wright, T F; Wilkinson, G S

2001-01-01

The relationship between cultural and genetic evolution was examined in the yellow-naped amazon Amazona auropalliata. This species has previously been shown to have regional dialects defined by large shifts in the acoustic structure of its learned contact call. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation from a 680 base pair segment of the first domain of the control region was assayed in 41 samples collected from two neighbouring dialects in Costa Rica. The relationship of genetic variation to vocal variation was examined using haplotype analysis, genetic distance analysis, a maximum-likelihood estimator of migration rates and phylogenetic reconstructions. All analyses indicated a high degree of gene flow and, thus, individual dispersal across dialect boundaries. Calls sampled from sound libraries suggested that temporally stable contact call dialects occur throughout the range of the yellow-naped amazon, while the presence of similar dialects in the sister species Amazona ochrocephala suggests that the propensity to form dialects is ancestral in this clade. These results indicate that genes and culture are not closely associated in the yellow-naped amazon. Rather, they suggest that regional diversity in vocalizations is maintained by selective pressures that promote social learning and allow individual repertoires to conform to local call types. PMID:11297178

Learning Additional Languages as Hierarchical Probabilistic Inference: Insights from First Language Processing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pajak, Bozena; Fine, Alex B.; Kleinschmidt, Dave F.; Jaeger, T. Florian

2016-01-01

We present a framework of second and additional language (L2/L"n") acquisition motivated by recent work on socio-indexical knowledge in first language (L1) processing. The distribution of linguistic categories covaries with socio-indexical variables (e.g., talker identity, gender, dialects). We summarize evidence that implicit…

Working the Dialectic: Teaching and Learning Teacher Research in Social Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martell, Christopher C.; Sequenzia, Maria R.

2016-01-01

This article presents two narratives of teaching and learning teacher research in social studies. Organized around the concept of working the dialectic, two social studies educators discuss their experiences as teachers and learners of teacher research. This article highlights the power of practitioner research to transform teaching and teacher…

Using Repertory Grid Techniques to Measure Change Following Dialectical Behaviour Therapy with Adults with Learning Disabilities: Two Case Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNair, Louisa; Woodrow, Ceri; Hare, Dougal

2016-01-01

Background: Government strategy indicates that individuals with learning disabilities should have access to adapted psychological therapies. Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is recommended for the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD); however, there is little published research regarding whether it can be appropriately adapted for…

Dialect Interference in Lexical Processing: Effects of Familiarity and Social Stereotypes.

PubMed

Clopper, Cynthia

2017-01-01

The current study explored the roles of dialect familiarityand social stereotypes in dialect interference effects in a speeded lexical classification task. Listeners classified the words bad and bed or had and head produced by local Midland and non-local Northern talkers and the words sod and side or rod and ride produced by non-local, non-stereotyped Northern and nonlocal, stereotyped Southern talkers in single- and mixed-talker blocks. Lexical classification was better for the local dialect than for the non-local dialects, and for the stereotyped non-local dialect than for the non-stereotyped non-local dialect. Dialect interference effects were observed for all three dialects, although the patterns of interference differed. For the local dialect, dialect interference was observed for response times, whereas for the non-local dialects, dialect interference was observed primarily for accuracy. These findings reveal complex interactions between indexical and lexical information in speech processing. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Where do dialectal effects on speech processing come from? Evidence from a cross-dialect investigation.

PubMed

Larraza, Saioa; Samuel, Arthur G; Oñederra, Miren Lourdes

2016-07-20

Accented speech has been seen as an additional impediment for speech processing; it usually adds linguistic and cognitive load to the listener's task. In the current study we analyse where the processing costs of regional dialects come from, a question that has not been answered yet. We quantify the proficiency of Basque-Spanish bilinguals who have different native dialects of Basque on many dimensions and test for costs at each of three levels of processing-phonemic discrimination, word recognition, and semantic processing. The ability to discriminate a dialect-specific contrast is affected by a bilingual's linguistic background less than lexical access is, and an individual's difficulty in lexical access is correlated with basic discrimination problems. Once lexical access is achieved, dialectal variation has little impact on semantic processing. The results are discussed in terms of the presence or absence of correlations between different processing levels. The implications of the results are considered for how models of spoken word recognition handle dialectal variation.

Religion, nature, science education and the epistemology of dialectics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexakos, Konstantinos

2010-03-01

In his article Scientists at Play in a Field of the Lord, David Long (2010) rightly challenges our presumptions of what science is and brings forth some of the disjunctures between science and deeply held American religious beliefs. Reading his narrative of the conflicts that he experienced on the opening day of the Creation Museum, I cannot help but reconsider what the epistemology of science is and science learning ought to be. Rather than science being taught as a prescribed, deterministic system of beliefs and procedures as it is often done, I suggest instead that it would be more appropriate to teach science as a way of thinking and making sense of dialectical processes in nature. Not as set of ultimate "truths", but as understandings of processes themselves in the process of simultaneously becoming and being transformed.

The Dialectical Relationship between Place and Space in Education: How the Internet Is Changing Our Perceptions of Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glassman, Michael; Burbidge, Jonathan

2014-01-01

In this essay Michael Glassman and Jonathan Burbidge explore the idea of a dialectical relationship between the traditional place(s) of teaching/learning settings and the challenges to our perceptions created by the new spaces of the Internet. The authors examine this topic in the context of a three-stage evolution of humans' relationship…

Consonants, vowels and tones across Vietnamese dialects.

PubMed

PhȦm, Ben; McLeod, Sharynne

2016-04-01

Vietnamese is spoken by over 89 million people in Vietnam and it is one of the most commonly spoken languages other than English in the US, Canada and Australia. This study defines between one and nine different dialects of Vietnamese spoken in Vietnam. In Vietnamese schools, children learn Standard Vietnamese which is based on the northern dialect; however, if they live in other regions they may speak a different dialect at home. This paper describes the differences between the consonants, semivowels, vowels, diphthongs and tones for four dialects: Standard, northern, central and southern Vietnamese. The number and type of initial consonants differs per dialect (i.e. Standard = 23, northern = 20, central = 23, southern = 21). For example, the letter "r" is pronounced in the Standard and central dialects as the retroflex /ʐ/, northern dialect as the voiced alveolar fricative /z/ or the trilled /r/ and in the southern dialect as the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/. Additionally, the letter "v" is pronounced in the Standard, northern and central dialects as the voiced bilabial fricative /v/, the southern dialect as the voiced palatal approximant /j/ and in the lower northern dialect (Ninh Binh) as the voiceless bilabial fricative /f/. Similarly, the number of final consonants differs per dialect (i.e. Standard = 6, northern = 10, central = 10, southern = 8). Finally, the number and type of tones differs per dialect (i.e. Standard = 6, northern = 6, central = 5, southern = 5). Understanding differences between Vietnamese dialects is important so that speech-language pathologists and educators provide appropriate services to people who speak Vietnamese.

Innovation Becoming Trajectories: Leveraging Lateral and Vertical Moves for Collaborative Diffusion of Twenty-First Century Learning Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hung, David; Toh, Yancy; Jamaludin, Azilawati; So, Hyo-Jeong

2017-01-01

This paper argues for innovation diffusion as a "becoming" process in the context of lateral and vertical moves. The context of these innovations involves technology-mediated innovations and their diffusion trajectories in the Singapore education system. Embedded in a centralized-decentralized dialectics, this paper traces particular…

"I Tolerate Technology--I Don't Embrace It": Instructor Surprise and Sensemaking in a Technology-Rich Learning Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fairchild, Jennifer L.; Meiners, Eric B.; Violette, Jayne L.

2016-01-01

Assuming a dialectical approach to technology and pedagogy, this study explores sensemaking processes for instructors teaching in a technologically enhanced college classroom environment. Through a series of semi-structured individual and group interviews, seven instructors provided narrative accounts of the problems encountered with progressive…

Does hearing two dialects at different times help infants learn dialect-specific rules?

PubMed Central

Gonzales, Kalim; Gerken, LouAnn; Gómez, Rebecca L.

2015-01-01

Infants might be better at teasing apart dialects with different language rules when hearing the dialects at different times, since language learners do not always combine input heard at different times. However, no previous research has independently varied the temporal distribution of conflicting language input. Twelve-month-olds heard two artificial language streams representing different dialects—a “pure stream” whose sentences adhered to abstract grammar rules like aX bY, and a “mixed stream” wherein any a- or b-word could precede any X- or Y-word. Infants were then tested for generalization of the pure stream’s rules to novel sentences. Supporting our hypothesis, infants showed generalization when the two streams’ sentences alternated in minutes-long intervals without any perceptually salient change across streams (Experiment 2), but not when all sentences from these same streams were randomly interleaved (Experiment 3). Results are interpreted in light of temporal context effects in word learning. PMID:25880342

From relational ontology to transformative activist stance on development and learning: expanding Vygotsky's (CHAT) project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stetsenko, Anna

2008-07-01

This paper offers steps towards overcoming current fragmentation within sociocultural approaches by expansively reconstructing a broad dialectical view on human development and learning (drawing on Vygotsky's project) underwritten by ideology of social justice. The common foundation for sociocultural approaches is developed by dialectically supplanting relational ontology with the notion that collaborative purposeful transformation of the world is the core of human nature and the principled grounding for learning and development. An activist transformative stance suggests that people come to know themselves and their world as well as ultimately come to be human in and through (not in addition to) the processes of collaboratively transforming the world in view of their goals. This means that all human activities (including psychological processes and the self) are instantiations of contributions to collaborative transformative practices that are contingent on both the past and the vision for the future and therefore are profoundly imbued with ideology, ethics, and values. And because acting, being, and knowing are seen from a transformative activist stance as all rooted in, derivative of, and instrumental within a collaborative historical becoming, this stance cuts across and bridges the gaps (a) between individual and social and (b) among ontological, epistemological, and moral-ethical (ideological) dimensions of activity.

Development of Programmed Inservice Training on Dialects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maxwell, John; And Others

Development of this 6-part inservice program making major use of programed instruction began in 1969 with the objective of modifying classroom teacher behavior in the direction of individualizing the instruction of students learning to control standard English. A review of literature on dialects gave some guidance toward determining the…

Intern Perceptions of Dialect and Regionalism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Hara, Hunter

2005-01-01

Interns at The University of Tampa investigate how perceptions of dialect and regionalism may impact the learning environment and more precisely, the learner. Regionalism is defined as a belief that one's region of origin is a primary determinant of the quality of one's standards of living, social forms, customary beliefs, levels of…

Dialectics and the Megamachine: A Critique of Ersatz Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacques, Peter J.

2017-01-01

This article proposes that the learning environment matters, and that there are qualitative differences in online versus face-to-face classes. While online education provides some benefits, they also narrow the opportunities for dialectical conflict that thoroughly challenge student thinking, an interaction more likely to be found in real-time…

The science teacher as the organic link

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexakos, Konstantinos

2007-10-01

This study began as an exploration of the following questions: What do individual science teachers bring into their teaching that frames and mediates their teaching philosophy and of what, if any, value is it in science education? Drawing from a life history case study of Anna, an in-service science teacher, I show that her moral beliefs, perceptions, experiences, and interests dialectically frame and mediate her views of science teaching. Anna brings into her classroom her personal philosophy of teaching and learning. This is in contrast to studies concluding that different aspects of teachers' personal philosophies, such as their understanding of the nature of science and their behavior and pedagogical decisions are not connected and may be neatly segregated from one another. In the "transmission" [Transmission is presented in quotes because in this manuscript it is used dialectically, as opposed to a one-directional and "objective" process. The science teacher is not just a "lens" for the transmission of cultural capital; the cultural capital "transmitted" though Anna is seen as existing in a state of creation/recreation.] of cultural capital, Anna embodies dialectical relationships and processes, not just as a mediator of culture, but also as an organic entity that contributes to how culture is created, recreated and exchanged in a science classroom, and as such, is referred to here as an organic link. Science teacher identity and science teaching philosophy are thus seen as much closer to the human experience—merging the intellectual, the personal, the cultural, the political, and the environmental with the relationships and the processes that connect each to the others and to the whole. They are viewed as, at once, being mediated by as well as mediating one another. I argue that the total of what science teaching is exceeds the sum of its commonly "measurable" parts, like content and pedagogical knowledge. Although the designing and framing of this study was initially a life history investigation, a dialectical approach and analysis were found to be necessary to develop the theoretical conceptualization of the emerging interwoven themes, illustrating how the researcher's own philosophy and development are dialectically intertwined with, and at once affect and are effects of the research process and outcomes.

Target Language Variation and Second-Language Acquisition: Learning English in New York City.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenstein, Miriam R.

1986-01-01

Investigates the role of dialect variation in the acquisition of American English by adult second language learners. The study revealed that dialect differences present problems for learners and cause variable intelligibility and negative learner attitude toward some varieties of English and its speakers. This attitude could negatively affect a…

Heterogeneous Performances of Conceptual Dis/continuity: A Dialectic Reading of Brown and Kloser's Article

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hwang, SungWon; Kim, Mijung

2009-01-01

We review Brown and Kloser's article, "Conceptual continuity and the science of baseball: using informal science literacy to promote students science learning" from a Vygotskian cultural-historical and dialectic perspective. Brown and Kloser interpret interview data with student baseball players and claim that students' conceptual understanding…

Transformational Theory and English as a Second Language/Dialect.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Charles T.

Noam Chomsky's numerous criticisms of formerly well-accepted beliefs about the nature of language learning (e.g. in his review of Skinner's "Verbal Behavior") have led to a diversity of views regarding the potential application of transformational theory to the teaching of English as a second language/dialect. It seems clear, moreover, that his…

Playful Teaching Work of School Science Teachers Fundamental in a Municipal School in Pernambuco, Brazil

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Medeiros Silva, Suzana Cinthia Gomes; de Oliveira, Maria Marly; de Oliveira, Gilvaneide Ferreira

2017-01-01

This study is part of a dissertation which aims to explore and understand the role of play in the teaching-learning process at elementary level in a public school at Pernambuco, Brazil. We opted for a qualitative approach, using the interactive methodology, interviews by the technique of hermeneutic-dialectical circle, observations of science…

Machine learning based sample extraction for automatic speech recognition using dialectal Assamese speech.

PubMed

Agarwalla, Swapna; Sarma, Kandarpa Kumar

2016-06-01

Automatic Speaker Recognition (ASR) and related issues are continuously evolving as inseparable elements of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). With assimilation of emerging concepts like big data and Internet of Things (IoT) as extended elements of HCI, ASR techniques are found to be passing through a paradigm shift. Oflate, learning based techniques have started to receive greater attention from research communities related to ASR owing to the fact that former possess natural ability to mimic biological behavior and that way aids ASR modeling and processing. The current learning based ASR techniques are found to be evolving further with incorporation of big data, IoT like concepts. Here, in this paper, we report certain approaches based on machine learning (ML) used for extraction of relevant samples from big data space and apply them for ASR using certain soft computing techniques for Assamese speech with dialectal variations. A class of ML techniques comprising of the basic Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in feedforward (FF) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) forms using raw speech, extracted features and frequency domain forms are considered. The Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) is configured with inputs in several forms to learn class information obtained using clustering and manual labeling. DNNs are also used to extract specific sentence types. Initially, from a large storage, relevant samples are selected and assimilated. Next, a few conventional methods are used for feature extraction of a few selected types. The features comprise of both spectral and prosodic types. These are applied to Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Fully Focused Time Delay Neural Network (FFTDNN) structures to evaluate their performance in recognizing mood, dialect, speaker and gender variations in dialectal Assamese speech. The system is tested under several background noise conditions by considering the recognition rates (obtained using confusion matrices and manually) and computation time. It is found that the proposed ML based sentence extraction techniques and the composite feature set used with RNN as classifier outperform all other approaches. By using ANN in FF form as feature extractor, the performance of the system is evaluated and a comparison is made. Experimental results show that the application of big data samples has enhanced the learning of the ASR system. Further, the ANN based sample and feature extraction techniques are found to be efficient enough to enable application of ML techniques in big data aspects as part of ASR systems. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Learning Additional Languages as Hierarchical Probabilistic Inference: Insights From First Language Processing.

PubMed

Pajak, Bozena; Fine, Alex B; Kleinschmidt, Dave F; Jaeger, T Florian

2016-12-01

We present a framework of second and additional language (L2/L n ) acquisition motivated by recent work on socio-indexical knowledge in first language (L1) processing. The distribution of linguistic categories covaries with socio-indexical variables (e.g., talker identity, gender, dialects). We summarize evidence that implicit probabilistic knowledge of this covariance is critical to L1 processing, and propose that L2/L n learning uses the same type of socio-indexical information to probabilistically infer latent hierarchical structure over previously learned and new languages. This structure guides the acquisition of new languages based on their inferred place within that hierarchy, and is itself continuously revised based on new input from any language. This proposal unifies L1 processing and L2/L n acquisition as probabilistic inference under uncertainty over socio-indexical structure. It also offers a new perspective on crosslinguistic influences during L2/L n learning, accommodating gradient and continued transfer (both negative and positive) from previously learned to novel languages, and vice versa.

Learning Additional Languages as Hierarchical Probabilistic Inference: Insights From First Language Processing

PubMed Central

Pajak, Bozena; Fine, Alex B.; Kleinschmidt, Dave F.; Jaeger, T. Florian

2015-01-01

We present a framework of second and additional language (L2/Ln) acquisition motivated by recent work on socio-indexical knowledge in first language (L1) processing. The distribution of linguistic categories covaries with socio-indexical variables (e.g., talker identity, gender, dialects). We summarize evidence that implicit probabilistic knowledge of this covariance is critical to L1 processing, and propose that L2/Ln learning uses the same type of socio-indexical information to probabilistically infer latent hierarchical structure over previously learned and new languages. This structure guides the acquisition of new languages based on their inferred place within that hierarchy, and is itself continuously revised based on new input from any language. This proposal unifies L1 processing and L2/Ln acquisition as probabilistic inference under uncertainty over socio-indexical structure. It also offers a new perspective on crosslinguistic influences during L2/Ln learning, accommodating gradient and continued transfer (both negative and positive) from previously learned to novel languages, and vice versa. PMID:28348442

Differentiating Speech Sound Disorders from Phonological Dialect Differences: Implications for Assessment and Intervention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Velleman, Shelley L.; Pearson, Barbara Zurer

2010-01-01

B. Z. Pearson, S. L. Velleman, T. J. Bryant, and T. Charko (2009) demonstrated phonological differences in typically developing children learning African American English as their first dialect vs. General American English only. Extending this research to children with speech sound disorders (SSD) has key implications for intervention. A total of…

Dialectal Tolerance in Language Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Pao-Ch'en

1969-01-01

The author has recorded, in Taiwan and the U.S., a short selection as spoken by some thirty speakers of various Chinese dialects. The object of this hour-long tape recording is to expose students of Chinese to the actual speech patterns they will encounter after their classroom training in standard Chinese-Mandarin. The tape script is given in…

African American English Dialect and Performance on Nonword Spelling and Phonemic Awareness Tasks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kohler, Candida T.; Bahr, Ruth Huntley; Silliman, Elaine R.; Bryant, Judith Becker; Apel, Kenn; Wilkinson, Louise C.

2007-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the role of dialect on phonemic awareness and nonword spelling tasks. These tasks were selected for their reliance on phonological and orthographic processing, which may be influenced by dialect use. Method: Eighty typically developing African American children in Grades 1 and 3 were first screened for dialect use and then…

Moving and Learning: Expanding Style and Increasing Flexibility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, Kay; DeCato, Lisa; Kolb, David A.

2015-01-01

This article introduces ways in which movement can enhance one's understanding of how to learn using Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) concepts of the Learning Cycle, Learning Styles, and Learning Flexibility. The theoretical correspondence between the dialectic dimensions of the Learning Cycle and the dimensions of the Laban Movement Analysis…

Overcoming Barriers to Skills Training in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Qualitative Interview Study.

PubMed

Barnicot, Kirsten; Couldrey, Laura; Sandhu, Sima; Priebe, Stefan

2015-01-01

Despite evidence suggesting that skills training is an important mechanism of change in dialectical behaviour therapy, little research exploring facilitators and barriers to this process has been conducted. The study aimed to explore clients' experiences of barriers to dialectical behaviour therapy skills training and how they felt they overcame these barriers, and to compare experiences between treatment completers and dropouts. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 clients with borderline personality disorder who had attended a dialectical behaviour therapy programme. A thematic analysis of participants' reported experiences found that key barriers to learning the skills were anxiety during the skills groups and difficulty understanding the material. Key barriers to using the skills were overwhelming emotions which left participants feeling unable or unwilling to use them. Key ways in which participants reported overcoming barriers to skills training were by sustaining their commitment to attending therapy and practising the skills, personalising the way they used them, and practising them so often that they became an integral part of their behavioural repertoire. Participants also highlighted a number of key ways in which they were supported with their skills training by other skills group members, the group therapists, their individual therapist, friends and family. Treatment dropouts were more likely than completers to describe anxiety during the skills groups as a barrier to learning, and were less likely to report overcoming barriers to skills training via the key processes outlined above. The findings of this qualitative study require replication, but could be used to generate hypotheses for testing in further research on barriers to skills training, how these relate to dropout, and how they can be overcome. The paper outlines several such suggestions for further research.

Overcoming Barriers to Skills Training in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Qualitative Interview Study

PubMed Central

Barnicot, Kirsten; Couldrey, Laura; Sandhu, Sima; Priebe, Stefan

2015-01-01

Despite evidence suggesting that skills training is an important mechanism of change in dialectical behaviour therapy, little research exploring facilitators and barriers to this process has been conducted. The study aimed to explore clients’ experiences of barriers to dialectical behaviour therapy skills training and how they felt they overcame these barriers, and to compare experiences between treatment completers and dropouts. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 clients with borderline personality disorder who had attended a dialectical behaviour therapy programme. A thematic analysis of participants’ reported experiences found that key barriers to learning the skills were anxiety during the skills groups and difficulty understanding the material. Key barriers to using the skills were overwhelming emotions which left participants feeling unable or unwilling to use them. Key ways in which participants reported overcoming barriers to skills training were by sustaining their commitment to attending therapy and practising the skills, personalising the way they used them, and practising them so often that they became an integral part of their behavioural repertoire. Participants also highlighted a number of key ways in which they were supported with their skills training by other skills group members, the group therapists, their individual therapist, friends and family. Treatment dropouts were more likely than completers to describe anxiety during the skills groups as a barrier to learning, and were less likely to report overcoming barriers to skills training via the key processes outlined above. The findings of this qualitative study require replication, but could be used to generate hypotheses for testing in further research on barriers to skills training, how these relate to dropout, and how they can be overcome. The paper outlines several such suggestions for further research. PMID:26465757

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy in an Inpatient Unit for Women with a Learning Disability: Service Users' Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roscoe, Paula; Petalas, Michael; Hastings, Richard; Thomas, Cathy

2016-01-01

There is a general lack of self-report data from service users with an intellectual disability (ID) about their views of psychological interventions. This research explored the views and experiences of female inpatients, with a diagnosis of a personality disorder and an ID, about dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT). Semi-structured interviews were…

The Possibilities and Limits of the Structure-Agency Dialectic in Advancing Science for All

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gutiérrez, Kris D.; Calabrese Barton, Angela

2015-01-01

In this special issue, the structure-agency dialectic is used to shift the analytic frame in science education from focusing on youth as in need of remediation to rethinking new arrangements, tools, and forms of assistance and participation in support of youth learning science. This shift from "fixing" the individual to re-mediating and…

You had me at "Hello": Rapid extraction of dialect information from spoken words.

PubMed

Scharinger, Mathias; Monahan, Philip J; Idsardi, William J

2011-06-15

Research on the neuronal underpinnings of speaker identity recognition has identified voice-selective areas in the human brain with evolutionary homologues in non-human primates who have comparable areas for processing species-specific calls. Most studies have focused on estimating the extent and location of these areas. In contrast, relatively few experiments have investigated the time-course of speaker identity, and in particular, dialect processing and identification by electro- or neuromagnetic means. We show here that dialect extraction occurs speaker-independently, pre-attentively and categorically. We used Standard American English and African-American English exemplars of 'Hello' in a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) Mismatch Negativity (MMN) experiment. The MMN as an automatic change detection response of the brain reflected dialect differences that were not entirely reducible to acoustic differences between the pronunciations of 'Hello'. Source analyses of the M100, an auditory evoked response to the vowels suggested additional processing in voice-selective areas whenever a dialect change was detected. These findings are not only relevant for the cognitive neuroscience of language, but also for the social sciences concerned with dialect and race perception. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Social biases modulate the loss of redundant forms in the cultural evolution of language.

PubMed

Roberts, Gareth; Fedzechkina, Maryia

2018-02-01

According to the competitive exclusion principle (Gause, 1934), competition for the same niche must eventually lead one competitor to extinction or the occupation of a new niche. This principle applies in both biology and the cultural evolution of language, where different words and structures compete for the same function or meaning (Aronoff, 2016). Across languages, for example, word order trades off with case marking as a means of indicating who did what to whom in a sentence. Previous experimental work has shed light on how such trade-offs come about as languages adapt to human biases through learning and production, with biases becoming amplified through iterated learning over generations. At the same time, a large body of work has documented the impact of social biases on language change. However, little work has investigated how social biases interact with learning and production biases. In particular, the social dimension of language may provide alternative niches for otherwise redundant forms, preventing or slowing their extinction. We tested this hypothesis in an iterated-learning experiment in which participants were exposed to a language with two dialects, both of which had fixed word order, but differed in whether they employed case markers. In one condition, we biased participants socially towards speakers of the dialect that employed case; in other conditions we provided no bias, or biased participants for or against the dialect without case. As expected under our hypothesis, the use of case markers declined over time in all conditions, but the social bias in favor of case-dialect speakers slowed the decline. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The (Unlikely) Trajectory of Learning in a Salmon Hatchery

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Yew-Jin; Roth, Wolff-Michael

2005-01-01

Purpose--Sociocultural learning theories, usually premised on participation in some community, explain workplace learning well up to a certain extent. The paper aims to extend beyond these and to account for learning in repetitive and mundane work environments from a dialectical perspective. Design/methodology/approach--Based on a longitudinal…

The Rhetoric of Political Corruption: Sociolinguistic, Dialectical, and Ceremonial Processes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gronbeck, Bruce E.

1978-01-01

Examines the public discourse surrounding political corruption by arguing that the ritualistic deposition of corrupters is based in a sociolinguistic process of assigning meanings to acts, a dialectical process of contrapositioning competing voices, and a ceremonial process of acting out the drama of purgation before the affected institutions…

Effect of Dialect on the Identification of Speech Impairment in Indigenous Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laffey, Kate; Pearce, Wendy M.; Steed, William

2014-01-01

The influence of dialect on child speech assessment processes is important to consider in order to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention (teaching or therapy) for bidialectal children. In Australia, there is limited research evidence documenting the influence of dialectal variations on identification of speech impairment among…

Advanced Technologies for Acoustic Monitoring of Bird Populations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

Ford and P. Spong. 2000. Dialect change in resident killer whales : implications for vocal learning and cultural transmission. Animal Behaviour 60: 629...network to compare killer whale (Orcinus orca) dialects. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105(4): 2499-2507. Deecke, V. B., J. K. B...Murray, S. O., E. Mercado and H. L. Roitblat. 1998. The neural network classification of false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) vocalizations

Dyslexia Limits the Ability to Categorize Talker Dialect

PubMed Central

Long, Gayle Beam; Jacewicz, Ewa

2016-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the underlying phonological impairment in dyslexia is associated with a deficit in categorizing regional dialects. Method Twenty adults with dyslexia, 20 school-age children with dyslexia, and 40 corresponding control listeners with average reading ability listened to sentences produced by multiple talkers (both sexes) representing two dialects: Midland dialect in Ohio (same as listeners' dialect) and Southern dialect in Western North Carolina. Participants' responses were analyzed using signal detection theory. Results Listeners with dyslexia were less sensitive to talker dialect than listeners with average reading ability. Children were less sensitive to dialect than adults. Under stimulus uncertainty, listeners with average reading ability were biased toward Ohio dialect, whereas listeners with dyslexia were unbiased in their responses. Talker sex interacted with sensitivity and bias differently for listeners with dyslexia than for listeners with average reading ability. The correlations between dialect sensitivity and phonological memory scores were strongest for adults with dyslexia. Conclusions The results imply that the phonological deficit in dyslexia arises from impaired access to intact phonological representations rather than from poorly specified representations. It can be presumed that the impeded access to implicit long-term memory representations for indexical (dialect) information is due to less efficient operations in working memory, including deficiencies in utilizing talker normalization processes. PMID:27575597

Science of Learning Is Learning of Science: Why We Need a Dialectical Approach to Science Education Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roth, Wolff-Michael

2012-01-01

Research on learning science in informal settings and the formal (sometimes experimental) study of learning in classrooms or psychological laboratories tend to be separate domains, even drawing on different theories and methods. These differences make it difficult to compare knowing and learning observed in one paradigm/context with those observed…

The Individual|Collective Dialectic in the Learning Organization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Yew-Jin; Roth, Wolff-Michael

2007-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to answer two interrelated questions: "Who learns and how in the learning organization?". By implication, many theories of the learning organization are addressed that are based on a static and erroneous separation of individual and collective. Design/methodology/approach: Four episodes from a larger case…

Valuing the Place of Young People with Learning Disabilities in the Arts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goddard, Jennifer

2015-01-01

Methodologies of embodied learning, radical pedagogies and applied drama offer a lens through which to investigate the empowerment of young people with learning disabilities in Northern Ireland, thus counteracting more traditional, disempowering methods. According to Helen Nicholson, the "participatory, dialogic and dialectic qualities as…

Reinforcing Success: Using Lesson’s Learned from Foreign Aid Delivery to Plan Theater Security Cooperation in Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

Africa is a questionable undertaking because of the expansive size and complexity of the cultural and political landscape. “You can drop the United...powers decided, bears no relationship to cultural or tribal ties within national boundaries. Hundreds of different languages and dialects are spoken in...Africa. Language is one of the main mechanisms for defining culture , for binding people together. In Nigeria alone, over 500 distinct dialects are

TAP into Learning, Fall-Winter 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns, Mary; Dimock, Vicki; Martinez, Danny

2000-01-01

This document consists of the final three issues of "TAP into Learning" (Technology Assistance Program). The double fall issue focuses on knowledge construction and on using multimedia applications in the classroom. Contents include: "Knowledge Under Construction"; "Hegel and the Dialectic"; "Implications for…

Modern Standard Arabic and Rural Palestinian Dialect: Patterns of the Active Participle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mohaidat, Mohammed Mahmoud Talal

2017-01-01

This paper was mainly concerned with analyzing the processes of active participle formation in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It also aimed to examine the Rural Palestinian Dialect (RPD) in order to reveal the derivation of the active participle in this dialect and to describe any patterns that might vary from MSA. The study was based on the…

Physician-patient argumentation and communication, comparing Toulmin's model, pragma-dialectics, and American sociolinguistics.

PubMed

Rivera, Francisco Javier Uribe; Artmann, Elizabeth

2015-12-01

This article discusses the application of theories of argumentation and communication to the field of medicine. Based on a literature review, the authors compare Toulmin's model, pragma-dialectics, and the work of Todd and Fisher, derived from American sociolinguistics. These approaches were selected because they belong to the pragmatic field of language. The main results were: pragma-dialectics characterizes medical reasoning more comprehensively, highlighting specific elements of the three disciplines of argumentation: dialectics, rhetoric, and logic; Toulmin's model helps substantiate the declaration of diagnostic and therapeutic hypotheses, and as part of an interpretive medicine, approximates the pragma-dialectical approach by including dialectical elements in the process of formulating arguments; Fisher and Todd's approach allows characterizing, from a pragmatic analysis of speech acts, the degree of symmetry/asymmetry in the doctor-patient relationship, while arguing the possibility of negotiating treatment alternatives.

More dialectical thinking, less creativity? The relationship between dialectical thinking style and creative personality: the case of China.

PubMed

Liu, Hui; Wang, Fei-xue; Yang, Xiao-yang

2015-01-01

People use dialectical thinking to be holistic, reconcile contradictions, and emphasize changes when processing information and managing problems. Using a questionnaire survey, this study examined the relationship between dialectical thinking and creative personality in the Chinese culture, which encourages a holistic and collective thinking style. Undergraduates majoring in different subjects and adults in different professions were surveyed. The results showed that 1) compared with undergraduates majoring in art and adults from the design industry, undergraduates majoring in other disciplines significantly showed the least creative personality; 2) the highest score for dialectical thinking was found in the group of undergraduates who majored in other disciplines, followed by the adult group, and the undergraduates majoring in art had the lowest score; and 3) A negative relationship between dialectical thinking and creative personality was found mostly in the UMA group. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Evidence for vocal learning in juvenile male killer whales, Orcinus orca, from an adventitious cross-socializing experiment.

PubMed

Crance, Jessica L; Bowles, Ann E; Garver, Alan

2014-04-15

Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are thought to learn their vocal dialect. Dispersal in the species is rare, but effects of shifts in social association on the dialect can be studied under controlled conditions. Individual call repertoires and social association were measured in three adult female killer whales and three males (two juveniles and an adult) during two periods, 2001-2003 and 2005-2006. Three distinct dialect repertoires were represented among the subjects. An adventitious experiment in social change resulted from the birth of a calf and the transfer of two non-focal subjects in 2004. Across the two periods, 1691 calls were collected, categorized and attributed to individuals. Repertoire overlap for each subject dyad was compared with an index of association. During 2005-2006, the two juvenile males increased association with the unrelated adult male. By the end of the period, both had begun producing novel calls and call features characteristic of his repertoire. However, there was little or no reciprocal change and the adult females did not acquire his calls. Repertoire overlap and association were significantly correlated in the first period. In the second, median association time and repertoire similarity increased, but the relationship was only marginally significant. The results provided evidence that juvenile male killer whales are capable of learning new call types, possibly stimulated by a change in social association. The pattern of learning was consistent with a selective convergence of male repertoires.

Emergence of a learning community: a transforming experience at the boundaries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raia, Federica

2013-03-01

I narrate a process of transformation, a professional and personal journey framed by an experience that captured my attention shaping my interpretation and reflections. From a critical complexity framework I discuss the emergence of a learning community from the cooperation among individuals of diverse social and cultural worlds sharing the need to change a traditional professional development program structure and develop a new science education Masters Degree/Certification program. I zoom into the continual redefinition of the community, its evolution and complex interrelations among its participants and the emergence of a learning community as a boundary space having an emancipatory role and allowing growth and learning. I analyze the dialectical relationship between agents' behavior either impeding growth or having an emancipatory function of a mindful RelationalAct in a complex adaptive system framework.

Readers generalize adaptation to newly-encountered dialectal structures to other unfamiliar structures

PubMed Central

Fraundorf, Scott H.; Jaeger, T. Florian

2016-01-01

Growing evidence suggests that syntactic processing may be guided in part by expectations about the statistics of the input that comprehenders have encountered; however, these statistics and even the syntactic structures themselves vary from situation to situation. Some recent work suggests that readers can adapt to variability in the frequencies of known, but infrequent syntactic structures. But, the relation between adaptation to altered frequencies of familiar structures and learning to process unfamiliar, never-before-seen structures is under-explored. In two self-paced reading experiments, we investigated readers’ adaptation to an unfamiliar structure used in some regional dialects of American English: the needs+past participle structure, such as using The car needs washed to mean The car needs to be washed. Study 1 used a novel Web-based recruitment method to target regions where participants were likely to be familiar (Ohio, western Pennsylvania) or unfamiliar (Colorado) with the needs+past participle structure. Participants unfamiliar with the structure initially read the structure more slowly, but over the course of the experiment came to read it more like the familiar participants. Study 2 further demonstrated that participants who have adapted to needs+past participle generalize this adaptation to a different, but related structure. These results suggest (a) that readers adapt to unfamiliar syntactic structures, (b) that, in doing so, they become more like existing users of those structures, and (c) that they can generalize this other structures that they may also be more likely to encounter. We discuss these results in the context of implicit learning accounts of exposure effects on syntactic processing. PMID:28377640

Language, the "Diabetes Restricted Code/Dialect," and What It Means for People With Diabetes and Clinicians.

PubMed

Dunning, Trisha; Speight, Jane; Bennett, Craig

2017-02-01

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to explore the notion of a diabetes language restricted code or "dialect" and its effect on people with diabetes. Language is a complex phenomenon comprising verbal and nonverbal components used to communicate in human interactions. Methods Information was collected from a literature review, during clinical consultations, and from an email survey. Results Language and the way clinicians use language affect motivation, behaviors, and outcomes of people with diabetes. Language is influenced by culture, experience, and familiarity with words and their use and is idiosyncratic. "Diabetes" is a particular restricted code or dialect that people with diabetes gradually learn to speak, usually after they are diagnosed with diabetes. The diabetes dialect contains many metric and target words and very few positive, encouraging words, and it is often discriminatory, negative, judgmental, labelling, distressing, and stigmatizing: for example, victim, sufferer, and lifestyle disease. Conclusion Language codes/dialects can compound the already high levels of emotional distress and self-care burden associated with living with diabetes and can affect outcomes. The information presented in this article will be useful for clinicians caring for people with diabetes and will be helpful for professionals who develop information for people with diabetes and those who create policies and guidelines.

Urban noise and the cultural evolution of bird songs.

PubMed

Luther, David; Baptista, Luis

2010-02-07

In urban environments, anthropogenic noise can interfere with animal communication. Here we study the influence of urban noise on the cultural evolution of bird songs. We studied three adjacent dialects of white-crowned sparrow songs over a 30-year time span. Urban noise, which is louder at low frequencies, increased during our study period and therefore should have created a selection pressure for songs with higher frequencies. We found that the minimum frequency of songs increased both within and between dialects during the 30-year time span. For example, the dialect with the highest minimum frequency is in the process of replacing another dialect that has lower frequency songs. Songs with the highest minimum frequency were favoured in this environment and should have the most effective transmission properties. We suggest that one mechanism that influences how dialects, and cultural traits in general, are selected and transmitted from one generation to the next is the dialect's ability to be effectively communicated in the local environment.

More Dialectical Thinking, Less Creativity? The Relationship between Dialectical Thinking Style and Creative Personality: The Case of China

PubMed Central

Liu, Hui; Wang, Fei-xue; Yang, Xiao-yang

2015-01-01

People use dialectical thinking to be holistic, reconcile contradictions, and emphasize changes when processing information and managing problems. Using a questionnaire survey, this study examined the relationship between dialectical thinking and creative personality in the Chinese culture, which encourages a holistic and collective thinking style. Undergraduates majoring in different subjects and adults in different professions were surveyed. The results showed that 1) compared with undergraduates majoring in art and adults from the design industry, undergraduates majoring in other disciplines significantly showed the least creative personality; 2) the highest score for dialectical thinking was found in the group of undergraduates who majored in other disciplines, followed by the adult group, and the undergraduates majoring in art had the lowest score; and 3) A negative relationship between dialectical thinking and creative personality was found mostly in the UMA group. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed. PMID:25856372

Conditions and Rules for Rational Discussion in a Legal Process: A Pragma-Dialectical Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feteris, Eveline T.

1990-01-01

Uses a pragma-dialectical analysis to argue that the legal process is rational. Suggests that the legal system's own rules guarantee that the conditions of rational and efficient discussion are present. Describes the Netherlands' civil procedure rules and shows how such rules help ensure that legal discussions are rational. (SG)

Social Factors, Interlanguage and Language Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richards, Jack C.

This paper considers a number of diverse contexts in which English is learned as a second language and in which nonstandard dialects arise because of social and linguistic factors. The varieties considered here are immigrant English, indigenous-minority varieties of English, pidginization and creolization, local varieties of non-native English,…

A dialectical perspective on informed consent to treatment: an examination of radiologists' dilemmas and negotiations.

PubMed

Olufowote, James Olumide

2011-06-01

Informed consent to treatment (ICT), designed to honor patient autonomy, has been an important subject of inquiry in many disciplines. To foreground the dynamic and dilemmatic tendencies of ICT practice implied by previous inquiries, I advanced relational dialectics theory into the realm of physicians' experiences with ICT. On performing a dialectical analysis of transcripts from focus group discussions with radiologists, I found them experiencing four primary tensions: (a) between simple and complex ICT; (b) between radiologist and patient control; (c) between standardized and idiosyncratic practice (involving struggles between documentation and conversational process, and between vague and detailed language use); and (d) between withholding and disclosing alternatives. Moreover, I drew on concepts from relational dialectics theory to capture the various ways radiologists negotiate these dialectics. I conclude with practical applications for physician and patient training and interprofessional coordination.

Quality Problem-Based Learning Experiences for Students: Design Deliberations among Teachers from Diverse Disciplines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butler, Susan McAleenan

This qualitative study, investigating the claims, concerns, and issues arising within the design stages of problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum units, was conducted during two masters-level classes during the summer of 1999. A hermeneutic dialectic discourse among veteran teachers (who were novice PBL curriculum designers) was facilitated by…

The New Students: A Dialectic between Language and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perl, Sondra

1975-01-01

Examines Basil Bernstein's principles on language as set forth in "Class, Codes and Control: Theoretical Studies towards a Sociology of Language" and applies them to the teaching of English composition. (RB)

Navigating Instructional Dialectics: Empirical Exploration of Paradox in Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Blair; Rudick, C. Kyle; Kerssen-Griep, Jeff; Golsan, Kathryn

2018-01-01

Navigating contradiction represents an integral part of the teaching process. While educational literature has discussed the paradoxes that teachers experience in the classroom, minimal empirical research has analyzed the strategies teachers employ to address these paradoxes. Using relational dialectics as a theoretical framework for understanding…

Discursive Positioning of Beginning Teachers' Professional Learning during Induction: A Critical Literature Review from 2004 to 2014

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simmie, Geraldine Mooney; de Paor, Cathal; Liston, Jennifer; O'Shea, John

2017-01-01

This study reports on findings from a critical literature review, from 2004 to 2014, in relation to the positioning of beginning teachers' professional learning during induction. The study uses theoretical frameworks drawn from competing discourses: an instrumental standpoint based on performativity and a dialectical standpoint based on a…

New Perspectives on Context-Based Chemistry Education: Using a Dialectical Sociocultural Approach to View Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Donna

2012-01-01

Context-based chemistry education aims to improve student interest and motivation in chemistry by connecting canonical chemistry concepts with real-world contexts. Implementation of context-based chemistry programmes began 20 years ago in an attempt to make the learning of chemistry meaningful for students. This paper reviews such programmes…

Kindergartens in Cognitive Times: Imagination as a Dialectical Relation between Play and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fleer, Marilyn

2011-01-01

Traditionally, play has been viewed as the guiding pedagogical practice for kindergartens in most industrialised countries. Central to this approach has been a strong belief in free play. As governments are spending more money on early childhood education, many Western countries are demanding greater learning outcomes for preschool aged children.…

Mentor Social Capital, Individual Agency and Working-Class Student Learning Outcomes: Revisiting the Structure/Agency Dialectic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lovett, Trevor William

2014-01-01

This investigation explores factors that contributed to the disparate learning identities of two white baby-boomer brothers from the same working-class family. The research, part of a broader phenomenological study into the influences of working-class masculinities and schooling offers an insight into the individual family members' differential…

Reading of American Children Whose Language is a Stable Rural Dialect of English or a Language Other Than English. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, Kenneth S.; Goodman, Yetta M.

Research conducted to refine and perfect a theory and model of the reading process is presented in this report. Specifically, studies of the reading miscues of 96 students who were either speakers of English as a second language or of stable, rural dialects are detailed. Chapters deal with the following topics: methodology, the reading process,…

Unifying models of dialect spread and extinction using surface tension dynamics

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

We provide a unified mathematical explanation of two classical forms of spatial linguistic spread. The wave model describes the radiation of linguistic change outwards from a central focus. Changes can also jump between population centres in a process known as hierarchical diffusion. It has recently been proposed that the spatial evolution of dialects can be understood using surface tension at linguistic boundaries. Here we show that the inclusion of long-range interactions in the surface tension model generates both wave-like spread, and hierarchical diffusion, and that it is surface tension that is the dominant effect in deciding the stable distribution of dialect patterns. We generalize the model to allow population mixing which can induce shrinkage of linguistic domains, or destroy dialect regions from within. PMID:29410847

Development of an online nursing management course: successful experience between Brazil and Portugal.

PubMed

Tronchin, Daisy Maria Rizatto; Peres, Heloisa Helena Ciqueto; Lima, Antônio Fernandes Costa; Alavarce, Débora Cristina; Prata, Ana Paula; Santos, Margarida Reis; Aroldi, Juscilynne Barros da Costa

2015-12-01

Objective To describe the experience of planning and developing online refresher courses in nursing management for nurses in the contexts of Brazil and Portugal. Method The instructional design was based on meaningful learning theory, andragogy, and dialectical methodology, so it valued interaction between the actors, emphasizing the scenarios of practice and applying the concepts covered. The course structure is divided into nine theoretical units, four case studies, and an essay exam. Results The course was positively evaluated by the participants, who reported opportunities for acquisition of new knowledge, interaction and exchange of experiences, motivation to study the topics, and self-learning. Conclusion It is expected that description of this experience will stimulate proposals for new courses and programs in distance education modalities, improving the processes of teaching and learning so as to give support to future analyses of their impact on the development and enhancement of management skills in nursing.

Structural Contructivism as an Epistemology for Professional e-Learning: Implications & Recommendations for the Design of eCPD Pedagogical Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singh, Gurmit; McPherson, Maggie

2013-01-01

This position paper deploys a dialectical worldview and a critical sociological perspective on practice to conceptualize professional e-learning as a reflexive bundle of knowing, doing, thinking and reflecting that produces practical knowledge as the power to change when immersed in the dynamism of practice across social structures. It is…

East learns from West: Asiatic honeybees can understand dance language of European honeybees.

PubMed

Su, Songkun; Cai, Fang; Si, Aung; Zhang, Shaowu; Tautz, Jürgen; Chen, Shenglu

2008-06-04

The honeybee waggle dance, through which foragers advertise the existence and location of a food source to their hive mates, is acknowledged as the only known form of symbolic communication in an invertebrate. However, the suggestion, that different species of honeybee might possess distinct 'dialects' of the waggle dance, remains controversial. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether different species of honeybee can learn from and communicate with each other. This study reports experiments using a mixed-species colony that is composed of the Asiatic bee Apis cerana cerana (Acc), and the European bee Apis mellifera ligustica (Aml). Using video recordings made at an observation hive, we first confirm that Acc and Aml have significantly different dance dialects, even when made to forage in identical environments. When reared in the same colony, these two species are able to communicate with each other: Acc foragers could decode the dances of Aml to successfully locate an indicated food source. We believe that this is the first report of successful symbolic communication between two honeybee species; our study hints at the possibility of social learning between the two honeybee species, and at the existence of a learning component in the honeybee dance language.

Understanding the African-American Student Experience in Higher Education through a Relational Dialectics Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simmons, Jake; Lowery-Hart, Russell; Wahl, Shawn T.; McBride, M. Chad

2013-01-01

In this study, we sought to understand African-American students' higher-education experiences in predominantly White universities. We utilized Baxter's relational dialectics theory to study components of focus-group discussions in order to understand the discourse and meaning-making process of participants. Our findings provide insight into the…

Perception of Dialect Variation by Young Adults with High-Functioning Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clopper, Cynthia G.; Rohrbeck, Kristin L.; Wagner, Laura

2012-01-01

The linguistic profile of people with Autism spectrum disorders typically involves intact perceptual processing, accompanied by deficits in the social functions of language. In a series of three experiments, the impact of this profile on the perception of regional dialect was examined. Young adults with High-Functioning Autism exhibited similar…

An American Professor's Perspective on the Dialectics of Teaching Interpersonal Communication in the Swedish Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Natalle, Elizabeth J.

2012-01-01

This case study of an American professor's teaching experience in Sweden analyzes classroom communication using relational dialectics theory and cultural values theory. Tensions of hierarchy vs. equality and autonomy vs. connection were described through classroom processes such as greeting practices, dress, grading, attendance, gendered language…

Themes in Current Soviet Curriculum Reform.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Popkewitz, Thomas S.; Tabachnick, B. Robert

1982-01-01

Soviet educators are first of all "upbringers" whose prime task is the formation and maintenance of the socialist outlook. They base their teaching on dialectical materialism, assume there are law-like principles of teaching and learning, and are inexhaustibly optimistic. (Author)

Development of Phonological Constancy

PubMed Central

Best, Catherine T.; Tyler, Michael D.; Gooding, Tiffany N.; Orlando, Corey B.; Quann, Chelsea A.

2009-01-01

Efficient word recognition depends on detecting critical phonetic differences among similar-sounding words, or sensitivity to phonological distinctiveness, an ability evident at 19 months of age but unreliable at 14 to 15 months of age. However, little is known about phonological constancy, the equally crucial ability to recognize a word's identity across natural phonetic variations, such as those in cross-dialect pronunciation differences. We show that 15- and 19-month-old children recognize familiar words spoken in their native dialect, but that only the older children recognize familiar words in a dissimilar nonnative dialect, providing evidence for emergence of phonological constancy by 19 months. These results are compatible with a perceptual-attunement account of developmental change in early word recognition, but not with statistical-learning or phonological accounts. Thus, the complementary skills of phonological constancy and distinctiveness both appear at around 19 months of age, together providing the child with a fundamental insight that permits rapid vocabulary growth and later reading acquisition. PMID:19368700

African American English-speaking students: an examination of the relationship between dialect shifting and reading outcomes.

PubMed

Craig, Holly K; Zhang, Lingling; Hensel, Stephanie L; Quinn, Erin J

2009-08-01

In this study, the authors evaluated the contribution made by dialect shifting to reading achievement test scores of African American English (AAE)-speaking students when controlling for the effects of socioeconomic status (SES), general oral language abilities, and writing skills. Participants were 165 typically developing African American 1st through 5th graders. Half were male and half were female, one third were from low-SES homes, and two-thirds were from middle-SES homes. Dialect shifting away from AAE toward Standard American English (SAE) was determined by comparing AAE production rates during oral and written narratives. Structural equation modeling evaluated the relative contributions of AAE rates, SES, and general oral language and writing skills on standardized reading achievement scores. AAE production rates were inversely related to reading achievement scores and decreased significantly between the oral and written narratives. Lower rates in writing predicted a substantial amount of the variance in reading scores, showing a significant direct effect and a significant indirect effect mediated by measures of oral language comprehension. The findings support a dialect shifting-reading achievement hypothesis, which proposes that AAE-speaking students who learn to use SAE in literacy tasks will outperform their peers who do not make this linguistic adaptation.

Hooks and Shifts: A Dialectical Study of Mediated Discovery

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abrahamson, Dor; Trninic, Dragan; Gutierrez, Jose F.; Huth, Jacob; Lee, Rosa G.

2011-01-01

Radical constructivists advocate discovery-based pedagogical regimes that enable students to incrementally and continuously adapt their cognitive structures to the instrumented cultural environment. Some sociocultural theorists, however, maintain that learning implies discontinuity in conceptual development, because novices must appropriate expert…

A Methodology in the Teaching Process of the Derivative and Its Motivation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vasquez-Martinez, Claudio-Rafael

The development of the derivative because of being part of calculus in permanent dialectic, demands on one part an analytical, deductive study and on another an application of rochrematic methods, sources of resources, within calculus of derivative which allows to dialectically confront knowledge in its different phases and to test the results.…

The Structure-Agency Dialectic in Contested Science Spaces: "Do Earthworms Eat Apples?"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kane, Justine M.

2015-01-01

Focusing on a group of African American third graders who attend a high-poverty urban school, I explore the structure-agency dialectic within contested spaces situated in a dialogically oriented science classroom. Contested spaces entail the moments in which the students challenge each other's and their teacher's science ideas and, in the process,…

Alveolar and Velarized Laterals in Albanian and in the Viennese Dialect.

PubMed

Moosmüller, Sylvia; Schmid, Carolin; Kasess, Christian H

2016-12-01

A comparison of alveolar and velarized lateral realizations in two language varieties, Albanian and the Viennese dialect, has been performed. Albanian distinguishes the two laterals phonemically, whereas in the Viennese dialect, the velarized lateral was introduced by language contact with Czech immigrants. A categorical distinction between the two lateral phonemes is fully maintained in Albanian. Results are not as straightforward in the Viennese dialect. Most prominently, female speakers, if at all, realize the velarized lateral in word-final position, thus indicating the application of a phonetically motivated process. The realization of the velarized lateral by male speakers, on the other hand, indicates that the velarized lateral replaced the former alveolar lateral phoneme. Alveolar laterals are either realized in perceptually salient positions, thus governed by an input-switch rule, or in front vowel contexts, thus subject to coarticulatory influences. Our results illustrate the subtle interplay of phonology, phonetics and sociolinguistics.

EFFECTS OF TALKER GENDER ON DIALECT CATEGORIZATION

PubMed Central

CLOPPER, CYNTHIA G.; CONREY, BRIANNA; PISONI, DAVID B.

2011-01-01

The identification of the gender of an unfamiliar talker is an easy and automatic process for naïve adult listeners. Sociolinguistic research has consistently revealed gender differences in the production of linguistic variables. Research on the perception of dialect variation, however, has been limited almost exclusively to male talkers. In the present study, naïve participants were asked to categorize unfamiliar talkers by dialect using sentence-length utterances under three presentation conditions: male talkers only, female talkers only, and a mixed gender condition. The results revealed no significant differences in categorization performance across the three presentation conditions. However, a clustering analysis of the listeners’ categorization errors revealed significant effects of talker gender on the underlying perceptual similarity spaces. The present findings suggest that naïve listeners are sensitive to gender differences in speech production and are able to use those differences to reliably categorize unfamiliar male and female talkers by dialect. PMID:21423866

Constructivism: Principles, Paradigms, and Integration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Karen R.; Graham, Steve

1994-01-01

This article presents major principles of constructivism for teaching and learning of students with disabilities and those at risk for school failure. It describes three idealized constructivist models (endogenous, exogenous, and dialectical) and explores major issues related to constructivism, including the possibility of integrative stances.…

Rising above My Raisin'?: Using Heuristic Inquiry to Explore the Effects of the Lumbee Dialect on Ethnic Identity Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Chris; Brown, Kathleen

2008-01-01

Using heuristic inquiry, this study investigates how dialect affects the ethnic identity development of the first author as well as fellow Lumbee students attending a predominantly white university. Heuristic inquiry is a process that begins with a question or problem that the researcher seeks to illuminate or answer. Findings from this study…

Self-consistency in Bicultural Persons: Dialectical Self-beliefs Mediate the Relation between Identity Integration and Self-consistency

PubMed Central

Zhang, Rui; Noels, Kimberly A.; Lalonde, Richard N.; Salas, S. J.

2017-01-01

Prior research differentiates dialectical (e.g., East Asian) from non-dialectical cultures (e.g., North American and Latino) and attributes cultural differences in self-concept consistency to naïve dialecticism. In this research, we explored the effects of managing two cultural identities on consistency within the bicultural self-concept via the role of dialectical beliefs. Because the challenge of integrating more than one culture within the self is common to biculturals of various heritage backgrounds, the effects of bicultural identity integration should not depend on whether the heritage culture is dialectical or not. In four studies across diverse groups of bicultural Canadians, we showed that having an integrated bicultural identity was associated with being more consistent across roles (Studies 1–3) and making less ambiguous self-evaluations (Study 4). Furthermore, dialectical self-beliefs mediated the effect of bicultural identity integration on self-consistency (Studies 2–4). Finally, Latino biculturals reported being more consistent across roles than did East Asian biculturals (Study 2), revealing the ethnic heritage difference between the two groups. We conclude that both the content of heritage culture and the process of integrating cultural identities influence the extent of self-consistency among biculturals. Thus, consistency within the bicultural self-concept can be understood, in part, to be a unique psychological product of bicultural experience. PMID:28326052

Self-consistency in Bicultural Persons: Dialectical Self-beliefs Mediate the Relation between Identity Integration and Self-consistency.

PubMed

Zhang, Rui; Noels, Kimberly A; Lalonde, Richard N; Salas, S J

2017-01-01

Prior research differentiates dialectical (e.g., East Asian) from non-dialectical cultures (e.g., North American and Latino) and attributes cultural differences in self-concept consistency to naïve dialecticism. In this research, we explored the effects of managing two cultural identities on consistency within the bicultural self-concept via the role of dialectical beliefs. Because the challenge of integrating more than one culture within the self is common to biculturals of various heritage backgrounds, the effects of bicultural identity integration should not depend on whether the heritage culture is dialectical or not. In four studies across diverse groups of bicultural Canadians, we showed that having an integrated bicultural identity was associated with being more consistent across roles (Studies 1-3) and making less ambiguous self-evaluations (Study 4). Furthermore, dialectical self-beliefs mediated the effect of bicultural identity integration on self-consistency (Studies 2-4). Finally, Latino biculturals reported being more consistent across roles than did East Asian biculturals (Study 2), revealing the ethnic heritage difference between the two groups. We conclude that both the content of heritage culture and the process of integrating cultural identities influence the extent of self-consistency among biculturals. Thus, consistency within the bicultural self-concept can be understood, in part, to be a unique psychological product of bicultural experience.

A trial of patient-oriented problem-solving system for immunology teaching in China: a comparison with dialectic lectures

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background The most common teaching method used in China is lecturing, but recently, efforts have been widely undertaken to promote the transition from teacher-centered to student-centered education. The patient-oriented problem-solving (POPS) system is an innovative teaching-learning method that permits students to work in small groups to solve clinical problems, promotes self-learning, encourages clinical reasoning and develops long-lasting memory. To our best knowledge, however, POPS has never been applied in teaching immunology in China. The aim of this study was to develop POPS in teaching immunology and assess students’ and teachers’ perception to POPS. Methods 321 second-year medical students were divided into two groups: I and II. Group I, comprising 110 students, was taught by POPS, and 16 immunology teachers witnessed the whole teaching process. Group II including the remaining 211 students was taught through traditional lectures. The results of the pre- and post-test of both groups were compared. Group I students and teachers then completed a self-structured feedback questionnaire for analysis before a discussion meeting attended only by the teachers was held. Results Significant improvement in the mean difference between the pre- and post-test scores of those in Groups I and II was seen, demonstrating the effectiveness of POPS teaching. Most students responded that POPS facilitates self-learning, helps them to understand topics and creates interest, and 88.12% of students favored POPS over simple lectures. Moreover, while they responded that POPS facilitated student learning better than lectures, teachers pointed out that limited teaching resources would make it difficult for wide POPS application in China. Conclusions While POPS can break up the monotony of dialectic lectures and serve as a better teaching method, it may not be feasible for the current educational environment in China. The main reason for this is the relative shortage of teaching resources such as space, library facilities and well-trained teachers. PMID:23356717

A trial of patient-oriented problem-solving system for immunology teaching in China: a comparison with dialectic lectures.

PubMed

Zhang, Zhiren; Liu, Wei; Han, Junfeng; Guo, Sheng; Wu, Yuzhang

2013-01-28

The most common teaching method used in China is lecturing, but recently, efforts have been widely undertaken to promote the transition from teacher-centered to student-centered education. The patient-oriented problem-solving (POPS) system is an innovative teaching-learning method that permits students to work in small groups to solve clinical problems, promotes self-learning, encourages clinical reasoning and develops long-lasting memory. To our best knowledge, however, POPS has never been applied in teaching immunology in China. The aim of this study was to develop POPS in teaching immunology and assess students' and teachers' perception to POPS. 321 second-year medical students were divided into two groups: I and II. Group I, comprising 110 students, was taught by POPS, and 16 immunology teachers witnessed the whole teaching process. Group II including the remaining 211 students was taught through traditional lectures. The results of the pre- and post-test of both groups were compared. Group I students and teachers then completed a self-structured feedback questionnaire for analysis before a discussion meeting attended only by the teachers was held. Significant improvement in the mean difference between the pre- and post-test scores of those in Groups I and II was seen, demonstrating the effectiveness of POPS teaching. Most students responded that POPS facilitates self-learning, helps them to understand topics and creates interest, and 88.12% of students favored POPS over simple lectures. Moreover, while they responded that POPS facilitated student learning better than lectures, teachers pointed out that limited teaching resources would make it difficult for wide POPS application in China. While POPS can break up the monotony of dialectic lectures and serve as a better teaching method, it may not be feasible for the current educational environment in China. The main reason for this is the relative shortage of teaching resources such as space, library facilities and well-trained teachers.

Modern Iraqi Arabic: A Textbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alkalesi, Yasin M.

This book is an introductory textbook for those with no previous knowledge of Arabic or for those who know Arabic but want to learn the Iraqi dialect. The book is divided into 16 lessons: "Arabic Alphabet and Vowels"; "Greetings and Courtesy Expressions"; "Asking for Directions"; "Arrival at Baghdad Airport, Part…

Aging Students: Implications for Intergenerational Development in the Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Youngman, Deborah

1995-01-01

Outlines current knowledge about integrating older students into the postsecondary educational system, discusses a case study of an established natural learning environment, and presents models of education and development involving older students. A system involving the transposition of dialectical and discourse methods is proposed for moving…

Virtue Existential Career Model: A Dialectic and Integrative Approach Echoing Eastern Philosophy

PubMed Central

Liu, Shu-Hui; Hung, Jui-Ping; Peng, Hsin-I; Chang, Chia-Hui; Lu, Yi-Jen

2016-01-01

Our Virtue Existential Career (VEC) model aims at complementing western modernism and postmodernism career theories with eastern philosophy. With dialectical philosophy and virtue-practice derived from the Classic of Changes, the VEC theoretical foundation incorporates merits from Holland typology, Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment, Social Cognitive Career Theory, Meaning Therapy, Narrative Approach Career Counseling, and Happenstance Learning Theory. While modernism considers a matched job as an ideal career vision and prefers rational strategies (controlling and realizing) to achieve job security; postmodernism prefers appreciating and adapting strategies toward openness and appreciates multiple possible selves and occupations, our model pursues a blending of security and openness via controlling-and-realizing and appreciating-and-adapting interwoven with each other in a dialectical and harmonious way. Our VEC counseling prototype aims at a secular goal of living on the earth with ways and harmony (安身以法以和) and an ultimate end to spiral up to the wisdom of living up to the way of heaven (天道) with mind and virtue (立命以心以德). A VEC counseling process of five major career strategies, metaphorical stories of qian and kun, and experiential activities are developed to deliver VEC concepts. The VEC model and prototype presented in this research is the product of an action research following Lewin's (1946) top-to-down model. Situated structure analyses were conducted to further investigate the adequacy of this version of VEC model and prototype. Data from two groups (one for stranded college graduates and the other for growing college students) revealed empirical supports. Yang type of career praxes tends to induce actualization, which resulting in realistic goals and concrete action plans; yin type of career praxes tends to increase self-efficacy, which resulting in positive attitude toward current situatedness and future development. Acceptance and dialectic thinking often result from yin-yang-blending career praxes. Growing developers benefit from a strategy sequence of yang-yin-synthesized; stranded developers from a strategy sequence of yin-yang-synthesized. Our contributions and limitations are discussed in the context of developing indigenous career theories and practices for a globalized and ever-changing world. PMID:27895604

Virtue Existential Career Model: A Dialectic and Integrative Approach Echoing Eastern Philosophy.

PubMed

Liu, Shu-Hui; Hung, Jui-Ping; Peng, Hsin-I; Chang, Chia-Hui; Lu, Yi-Jen

2016-01-01

Our Virtue Existential Career (VEC) model aims at complementing western modernism and postmodernism career theories with eastern philosophy. With dialectical philosophy and virtue-practice derived from the Classic of Changes , the VEC theoretical foundation incorporates merits from Holland typology, Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment, Social Cognitive Career Theory, Meaning Therapy, Narrative Approach Career Counseling, and Happenstance Learning Theory. While modernism considers a matched job as an ideal career vision and prefers rational strategies ( controlling and realizing ) to achieve job security; postmodernism prefers appreciating and adapting strategies toward openness and appreciates multiple possible selves and occupations, our model pursues a blending of security and openness via controlling-and-realizing and appreciating-and-adapting interwoven with each other in a dialectical and harmonious way. Our VEC counseling prototype aims at a secular goal of living on the earth with ways and harmony () and an ultimate end to spiral up to the wisdom of living up to the way of heaven () with mind and virtue (). A VEC counseling process of five major career strategies, metaphorical stories of qian and kun , and experiential activities are developed to deliver VEC concepts. The VEC model and prototype presented in this research is the product of an action research following Lewin's (1946) top-to-down model. Situated structure analyses were conducted to further investigate the adequacy of this version of VEC model and prototype. Data from two groups (one for stranded college graduates and the other for growing college students) revealed empirical supports. Y ang type of career praxes tends to induce actualization, which resulting in realistic goals and concrete action plans; yin type of career praxes tends to increase self-efficacy, which resulting in positive attitude toward current situatedness and future development. Acceptance and dialectic thinking often result from yin -y ang- blending career praxes. Growing developers benefit from a strategy sequence of yang-yin -synthesized; stranded developers from a strategy sequence of yin-yang -synthesized. Our contributions and limitations are discussed in the context of developing indigenous career theories and practices for a globalized and ever-changing world.

Fight the power: the limits of empiricism and the costs of positivistic rigor.

PubMed

Indick, William

2002-01-01

A summary of the influence of positivistic philosophy and empiricism on the field of psychology is followed by a critique of the empirical method. The dialectic process is advocated as an alternative method of inquiry. The main advantage of the dialectic method is that it is open to any logical argument, including empirical hypotheses, but unlike empiricism, it does not automatically reject arguments that are not based on observable data. Evolutionary and moral psychology are discussed as examples of important fields of study that could benefit from types of arguments that frequently do not conform to the empirical standards of systematic observation and falsifiability of hypotheses. A dialectic method is shown to be a suitable perspective for those fields of research, because it allows for logical arguments that are not empirical and because it fosters a functionalist perspective, which is indispensable for both evolutionary and moral theories. It is suggested that all psychologists may gain from adopting a dialectic approach, rather than restricting themselves to empirical arguments alone.

Interpersonal Learning Systems for National Speech-Communication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heinberg, Paul

A consensus has prevailed among educators that Americans of verying ethnic, social, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds who must communicate with each other in social, academic, and occupational situations might achieve a greater degree of rapport if the dialect of the English mutually spoken and the speech mannerisms used were standardized.…

Modeling the Perceptual Learning of Novel Dialect Features

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tatman, Rachael

2017-01-01

All language use reflects the user's social identity in systematic ways. While humans can easily adapt to this sociolinguistic variation, automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems continue to struggle with it. This dissertation makes three main contributions. The first is to provide evidence that modern state-of-the-art commercial ASR systems…

Annual Adult Education Research Conference (AERC) Proceedings (31st, Athens, Georgia, May 18-20, 1990).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kleiber, Pam, Comp.; Tisdell, Libby, Comp.

The proceedings contains: "Extending Equality" (Armstrong); "Phenomenology of Emergent Meaning from Dialectical Questioning and Answering in Adult Learning (AL)" (Xue-Ming Bao); "Study of Structural Dimensions and Predictive Capability of Adult Attitudes toward Continuing Education Scale and Education Participation Scale" (Blunt); "Ideological and…

Wondering Aloud

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Carla

2016-01-01

Presenting the Montessori tools of the Great Lessons highlights the power of storytelling in teaching. Carla Foster suggests that children should be aware of how their learning increases as wonder points them to the mystery of the unknown. Engaging in the dialect of wonder during presentations can bring participants to attention by suggesting that…

Learning through Standard English: Cognitive Implications for Post-Pidgin/-Creole Speakers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malcolm, Ian G.

2011-01-01

Despite their (albeit limited) access to Standard Australian English through education, Australian Indigenous communities have maintained their own dialect (Aboriginal English) for intragroup communication and are increasingly using it as a medium of cultural expression in the wider community. Most linguists agree that the most significant early…

Teaching Culture in the Classroom to Arabic Language Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eldin, Ahmad Abdel Tawwab Sharaf

2015-01-01

Arabic language learning comprises of certain elements, including syntactic ability, oral capability, dialect proficiency, and a change in state of mind towards different culture or society. For teachers and laymen alike, cultural competence, i.e., the knowledge of the customs, beliefs, and systems of another country, is indisputably an integral…

The KEEP Phone Discrimination Test. Technical Report No. 64.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Kenneth; And Others

The urban, ethnically Hawaiian child typically experiences great difficulty in learning to read English. In order to determine whether phonological confusion is a source of dialectical interference, the Kamehameha Early Education Program (KEEP) Phone Discrimination Test (KPDT) was developed for the one hundred twelve students in the KEEP school…

Socialisation and Learning to Teach Using the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richards, K. Andrew R.; Gordon, Barrie

2017-01-01

Occupational socialisation theory (OST) is a dialectical approach to understanding teachers' recruitment, training, and lived experiences in school settings. Research using this model has shown that socialisation influences how physical educators interpret or "read" pedagogical models. However, this research has not been extended to the…

Language Attitudes: Current Trends and Prospects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shuy, Roger W., Ed.; Fasold, Ralph W., Ed.

Subjective reactions to language (language attitudes, beliefs, values, etc.) are the focus of this monograph. Chapters include: (1) "Sociolinguistic Correlates of Speech Style in Quebec" by Alison d'Anglejan and G. Richard Tucker; (2) "Some 'Unexpected' Reactions to Various American-English Dialects" by Bruce Fraser; (3) "Attitudes and Learning a…

THE STRUCTURE OF COCHABAMBA QUECHUA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LASTRA, YOLANDA; SOLA, DONALD F.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO DESCRIBE THE MAIN STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF COCHABAMBA QUECHUA. IT IS INTENDED TO SERVE AS A REFERENCE BOOK FOR LINGUISTS AND THOSE LEARNING THIS DIALECT. THE INTRODUCTION DISCUSSES THE STUDY'S PURPOSE, INFORMANTS, METHODS, TERMINOLOGY, AND NOTATION. THE AUTHORS THEN EXAMINE IN SEPARATE CHAPTERS PHONOLOGY,…

A Critique of Peter Jarvis's Conceptualisation of the Lifelong Learner in the Contemporary Cultural Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bagnall, Richard G.

2017-01-01

This paper examines Peter Jarvis's conceptualisation of lifelong learners, who are seen as being the individual products of their learning engagements, constrained by their individual biological potentials. They are presented as seeking existentially authentic resolution to dialectically oppositional disjunctures between their individual…

Biological Analogs for Language Contact Situations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seliger, Herbert W.

1977-01-01

This article proposes that language contact can be best understood if the entire range of such situations from second language learning to evolution of dialects and creoles is studied within a framework analogical to the symbiosis of living organisms. Language contact is viewed in terms of dynamic evolutionary stages. (CHK)

Binukid Dictionary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Otanes, Fe T., Ed.; Wrigglesworth, Hazel

1992-01-01

The dictionary of Binukid, a language spoken in the Bukidnon province of the Philippines, is intended as a tool for students of Binukid and for native Binukid-speakers interested in learning English. A single dialect was chosen for this work. The dictionary is introduced by notes on Binukid grammar, including basic information about phonology and…

Undergraduates in a Sustainability Semester: Models of Social Change for Sustainability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Hannah K.

2016-01-01

Interdisciplinary sustainability programs are emerging globally, but little is known about the learning in these educational contexts. This qualitative case study examined undergraduates' experience in a Sustainability Semester, using the agency/structure dialectic as a theoretical lens. Before the semester, students' models of change for…

A Practical Assessment of Feminist Pedagogy. A Research Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Fran; And Others

Feminist pedagogy is characterized by a sustained effort to acknowledge the dialectical relationship between the learner and that which is to be learned. In a feminist classroom the teacher insists upon the integration of personal experience and affective response with subject matter, discourages students from being passive recipients of…

On the Dialect Question and Reading. Technical Report No. 121.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, William S.; Guthrie, Larry F.

Representative research studies of the interference of Vernacular Black English (VBE) on beginning reading of VBE speakers at the phonological, grammatical, and lexical and content levels are examined. The following conclusions emerge: (1) phonological interference in learning to read has not been established; (2) VBE does not clearly interfere…

Compromises produced by the dialectic between self-verification and self-enhancement.

PubMed

Morling, B; Epstein, S

1997-12-01

Three studies of people's reactions to evaluative feedback demonstrated that the dialectic between self-enhancement and self-verification results in compromises between these 2 motives, as hypothesized in cognitive-experiential self-theory. The demonstration was facilitated by 2 procedural improvements: Enhancement and verification were established by calibrating evaluative feedback against self appraisals, and degree of enhancement and of verification were varied along a continuum, rather than categorically. There was also support for the hypotheses that processing in an intuitive-experiential mode favors enhancement and processing in an analytical-rational mode favors verification in the kinds of situations investigated.

Mauritanian Arabic. Communication and Culture Handbook. Peace Corps Language Handbook Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanchey, Stephen; Francis, Timothy P.

A set of instructional materials for Mauritanian Arabic is designed for Peace Corps volunteer language instruction and geared to the daily language needs of volunteers. It consists of introductory sections on language learning in general, the languages of Mauritania, pronunciation of the Hassaniya dialect, and the textbook itself, and 30 lessons…

The Unified Phonetic Transcription for Teaching and Learning Chinese Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shieh, Jiann-Cherng

2011-01-01

In order to preserve distinctive cultures, people anxiously figure out writing systems of their languages as recording tools. Mandarin, Taiwanese and Hakka languages are three major and the most popular dialects of Han languages spoken in Chinese society. Their writing systems are all in Han characters. Various and independent phonetic…

ESL Technologies: The Universal Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waters, John K.

2007-01-01

The number of immigrant students in US schools has more than doubled in the past 15 years. In response, teachers are broadening their ESL programs with the one tool that translates in all dialects--computer technology. Students who are learning English for the first time, better known as English language learners (ELL), make up a greater…

Student-Teachers' Dialectically Developed Motivation for Promoting Student-Led Science Projects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bencze, J. Lawrence; Bowen, G. Michael

2009-01-01

School science systems tend to emphasize teaching and learning about achievements of science (such as laws and theories) at the expense of providing students with opportunities to develop realistic conceptions about science and science inquiry and expertise they could use to conduct their own science inquiry projects. Among reasons for such an…

A Brief Critique of Chomsky's Challenge to Classical Phonemic Phonology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Ngar-Fun

1994-01-01

Phonemic phonology became important because it provided a descriptive account of dialects and languages that had never been transcribed before, and it derives its greatest strength from its practical orientation, which has proved beneficial to language teaching and learning. Noam Chomsky's criticisms of it are largely unjust because he has not…

How Can Cultural-Historical Theory Be Used as a Methodological Dialectic?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ridgway, Avis

2010-01-01

How can we better understand childhood learning in its historical development? How do institutions (including family) influence and shape what is possible in early childhood? As part of a wider study in an Australian community pre-school, this paper focuses on how cultural-historical methodology can be used to understand institutional influences…

Black Dialect, Reading Interference and Classroom Interaction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simons, Herbert D.

A major problem that continues to plague United States education is the fact that large numbers of disadvantaged black students are not learning to read well enough to function in society. This paper discusses three reasons for the problem of teaching reading to these students. First, there exist no comprehensive developmental reading theories, no…

Establishing Criteria for Effective Professional Development and Use in Evaluating an Action Research Based Programme

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piggot-Irvine, Eileen

2006-01-01

A dialectical, or mutually informing and influencing, relationship exists between research, programmes for development and improved teaching and learning. Among a raft of other attributes, current perceptions of effective professional development (summarised in the paper) point to deep, collaborative, active and ongoing features as important. Such…

Valuing the gap: a dialectic between theory and practice in graduate nursing education from a constructive educational approach.

PubMed

Moss, Cheryle; Grealish, Laurie; Lake, Sarah

2010-05-01

Within nursing education, graduate pedagogies are relatively unexplored, with research commonly focused upon undergraduate and continuing education. In order to address the increasingly complex organisational challenges in the workplace, mid-career nurses and midwives are turning to graduate education. In one graduate course on cultures of learning in the workplace, a constructivist approach to learning was adopted. Post-course analysis of data, from the feedback on the course from students, student choice of assignment topics, and reflections of the course facilitators, revealed three pedagogies unique to graduate education. The pedagogies were labelled 'keeping the space open', 'theoretical concepts as tools', and 'resonance and action as praxis'. The intended outcome of the course is revealed in a fourth theme, 'developing practice in the workplace'. This evaluation suggests that constructivist pedagogies used with graduate students may be different to those pedagogies used with undergraduate and continuing education students. We argue that graduate pedagogies move nursing education beyond strategies that seek integration of theory and practice, towards a dialectic between theory and practice. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy Group Skills Training for Bipolar Disorder.

PubMed

Eisner, Lori; Eddie, David; Harley, Rebecca; Jacobo, Michelle; Nierenberg, Andrew A; Deckersbach, Thilo

2017-07-01

There is growing evidence that the capacity for emotion regulation is compromised in individuals with bipolar disorder. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), an empirically supported treatment that specifically targets emotion dysregulation, may be an effective adjunct treatment for improving emotion regulation and residual mood symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. In this open, proof-of-concept pilot study, 37 participants engaged in a 12-week DBT group skills training program, learning mindfulness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance skills. Repeated measures mixed models revealed skill acquisition in the areas of mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance, as well as improved psychological well-being and decreased emotion reactivity. The results of this study support a burgeoning literature that DBT is a feasible adjunct intervention for patients with bipolar disorder. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Cultural differences in the dialectical and non-dialectical emotional styles and their implications for health

PubMed Central

Miyamoto, Yuri; Ryff, Carol D.

2011-01-01

Previous cross-cultural studies have repeatedly demonstrated that East Asians are more likely to show a dialectical emotional style than Americans, but do not distinguish between specific types of dialectical emotional styles. Using an age diverse sample, we found that compared to Americans, Japanese are more likely to experience both positive and negative emotions moderately frequently (i.e., moderate dialectical), but are no more likely to experience them frequently (i.e., high dialectical). Thus, dialectical emotions prevalent in East Asia may be characterised by a “middle way” rather than by emotional extremes. Furthermore, we explored whether dialectical emotion types are associated with better health profiles depending on cultural background. Our results show that the moderate dialectical type is associated with fewer physical symptoms in Japan than in the USA. Together, these findings show the cultural differences in the experience of balanced positive and negative emotions and their health correlates. PMID:21432654

The conflict and process theory of Melanie Klein.

PubMed

Kavaler-Adler, S

1993-09-01

This article depicts the theory of Melanie Klein in both its conflict and process dimensions. In addition, it outlines Klein's strategic place in psychoanalytic history and in psychoanalytic theory formation. Her major contributions are seen in light of their clinical imperatives, and aspects of her metapsychology that seem negligible are differentiated from these clinical imperatives. Klein's role as a dialectical fulcrum between drive and object relations theories is explicated. Within the conflict theory, drive derivatives of sex and aggression are reformulated as object-related passions of love and hate. The process dimensions of Klein's theory are outlined in terms of dialectical increments of depressive position process as it alternates with regressive paranoid-schizoid-position mental phenomenology. The mourning process as a developmental process is particularly high-lighted in terms of self-integrative progression within the working through of the depressive position.

Morphological structure in the Arabic mental lexicon: Parallels between standard and dialectal Arabic

PubMed Central

Boudelaa, Sami; Marslen-Wilson, William D.

2012-01-01

The Arabic language is acquired by its native speakers both as a regional spoken Arabic dialect, acquired in early childhood as a first language, and as the more formal variety known as Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), typically acquired later in childhood. These varieties of Arabic show a range of linguistic similarities and differences. Since previous psycholinguistic research in Arabic has primarily used MSA, it remains to be established whether the same cognitive properties hold for the dialects. Here we focus on the morphological level, and ask whether roots and word patterns play similar or different roles in MSA and in the regional dialect known as Southern Tunisian Arabic (STA). In two intra-modal auditory-auditory priming experiments, we found similar results with strong priming effects for roots and patterns in both varieties. Despite differences in the timing and nature of the acquisition of MSA and STA, root and word pattern priming was clearly distinguishable from form-based and semantic-based priming in both varieties. The implication of these results for theories of Arabic diglossia and theories of morphological processing are discussed. PMID:24347753

Non-Standard Italian Dialect Heritage Speakers' Acquisition of Clitic Placement in Standard Italian

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chan, Lionel

2014-01-01

This dissertation examines the acquisition of object clitic placement in Standard Italian by heritage speakers (HSs) of non-standard Italian dialects. It compares two different groups of Standard Italian learners--Northern Italian dialect HSs and Southern Italian dialect HSs--whose heritage dialects contrast with each other in clitic word order.…

The Ideological Framing of "Dialect": An Analysis of Mainland China's State Media Coverage of "Dialect Crisis" (2002-2012)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gao, Xuesong

2015-01-01

This paper reports on a study that analysed the ideological framing of "Chinese dialects" or "regional Chinese varieties" in the mainland China's state print media reports of "dialect crisis" and the associated efforts to sustain the use of these "dialects" from 2002 to 2012. The analysis revealed that…

Cultural differences in the dialectical and non-dialectical emotional styles and their implications for health.

PubMed

Miyamoto, Yuri; Ryff, Carol D

2011-01-01

Previous cross-cultural studies have repeatedly demonstrated that East Asians are more likely to show a dialectical emotional style than Americans, but do not distinguish between specific types of dialectical emotional styles. Using an age diverse sample, we found that compared to Americans, Japanese are more likely to experience both positive and negative emotions moderately frequently (i.e., moderate dialectical), but are no more likely to experience them frequently (i.e., high dialectical). Thus, dialectical emotions prevalent in East Asia may be characterised by a "middle way" rather than by emotional extremes. Furthermore, we explored whether dialectical emotion types are associated with better health profiles depending on cultural background. Our results show that the moderate dialectical type is associated with fewer physical symptoms in Japan than in the USA. Together, these findings show the cultural differences in the experience of balanced positive and negative emotions and their health correlates. © 2010 Psychology Press, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

Perceptual similarity of regional dialects of American English

PubMed Central

Clopper, Cynthia G.; Levi, Susannah V.; Pisoni, David B.

2012-01-01

Previous research on the perception of dialect variation has measured the perceptual similarity of talkers based on regional dialect using only indirect methods. In the present study, a paired comparison similarity ratings task was used to obtain direct measures of perceptual similarity. Naive listeners were asked to make explicit judgments about the similarity of a set of talkers based on regional dialect. The talkers represented four regional varieties of American English and both genders. Results revealed an additive effect of gender and dialect on mean similarity ratings and two primary dimensions of perceptual dialect similarity: geography (northern versus southern varieties) and dialect markedness (many versus few characteristic properties). The present findings are consistent with earlier research on the perception of dialect variation, as well as recent speech perception studies which demonstrate the integral role of talker gender in speech perception. PMID:16454310

Stability and change in vocal dialects of the yellow-naped amazon

PubMed Central

WRIGHT, TIMOTHY F.; DAHLIN, CHRISTINE R.; SALINAS-MELGOZA, ALEJANDRO

2008-01-01

Cultural evolution is an important force in creating and maintaining behavioral variation in some species. Vocal dialects have provided a useful model for the study of cultural evolution and its interactions with genetic evolution. This study examined the acoustic and geographic changes in vocal dialects over an eleven-year span in the yellow-naped amazon, Amazona auropalliata, in Costa Rica. Contact calls were recorded at 16 communal night roosts in 1994 and 19 roosts in 2005, with 12 roosts sampled in both surveys. In both surveys three dialects were found, each characterized by a distinctive contact call type and each encompassing multiple roosts. The limits between two of these dialects, the North and South dialects, was found to be geographically stable, while at the boundary between the North and Nicaraguan dialect there was introgression of each call type into roosts in the bordering dialect. Acoustic measurements and cross-correlations of spectrograms detected no change in the acoustic structure of contact calls in the South dialect but did show significant differences in the calls of both the North and Nicaraguan dialect between 1994 and 2005. These results are consistent with the vocal convergence hypothesis that proposes that dialects are long-term features maintained through some combination of biased transmission of local call types and purifying selection against foreign call types. Migration, copying errors and cultural drift may also play a role in the more subtle changes seen in the acoustic form of dialect call types. PMID:19727330

Beyond Construction: Five Arguments for the Role and Value of Critique in Learning Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, J. Bryan; MacPherson, Anna; Osborne, Jonathan; Wild, Andrew

2015-01-01

This paper argues that science education has overemphasized the importance of construction at the expense of critique. In doing so, it draws on two key premises--Ford's argument that the construction of knowledge requires a dialectic between construction and critique and Mercier and Sperber's theory of argumentative reasoning that critique is…

School on Cloud: Transforming Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koutsopoulos, Kostis C.; Papoutsis, Panos

2016-01-01

Nowadays for an appropriate way to deal with teaching and learning there is an axiomatic need to accept an integrated-holistic approach both in terms of the way we regard education and of how we practice it. This leads to a two-prong position: First, that education constitutes a dialectic entity and second that approaches to education presently in…

Supporting Undergraduate Computer Architecture Students Using a Visual MIPS64 CPU Simulator

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patti, D.; Spadaccini, A.; Palesi, M.; Fazzino, F.; Catania, V.

2012-01-01

The topics of computer architecture are always taught using an Assembly dialect as an example. The most commonly used textbooks in this field use the MIPS64 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) to help students in learning the fundamentals of computer architecture because of its orthogonality and its suitability for real-world applications. This…

Understanding the Nature of Performance: The Influence of Learner Background on School-Age Learner Achievement in Chinese

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scrimgeour, Andrew

2012-01-01

While Chinese language learning in Australian schools is characterised by predominantly second language programs for learners who have had no prior exposure to the target language, there is increasing participation by Australian-born children who speak Putonghua (Mandarin) or another dialect at home. Curriculum and assessment frameworks and…

Cross Currents: Communication/Language/Cultural Skills, Volume IX, Number 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Thomas Walter, Ed.; And Others

1982-01-01

The following articles and features are presented in this issue: (1) "Approaches to Text," by R. Gannon; (2) "A Case Study in Dealing with Cultural Reserve as an Impediment to Language Learning," by R. Harker; (3) "Student-Centered Chalkboard Activities for Beginning Learners," by W. Matreyek; (4) "Introducing Dialects in the ESL Class," by M.…

Pedagogical Reforms within a Centralised-Decentralised System: A Singapore's Perspective to Diffuse 21st Century Learning Innovations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toh, Yancy; Hung, Wei Loong David; Chua, Paul Meng-Huat; He, Sujin; Jamaludin, Azilawati

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the dialectical interplay between centralisation and decentralisation forces so as to understand how schools leverage on its autonomous pedagogical space, influence the diffusion of innovations in the educational landscape of Singapore and how a centralised-decentralised system supports (or…

50 Lessons in Sara-Ngambay, Volume 2. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thayer, Linda J.; And Others

This section of an introductory course in Sara-Ngambay, the accepted standard dialect spoken in the town of Moundou in southern Chad, is intended for Westerners who wish to learn to speak the language. The student is to assimilate the linguistic content of the 20 lessons in this volume through the study of dialogues dealing with the roles…

Research Planning Conference on Language Development in Disadvantaged Children, June 7-8, 1966.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yeshiva Univ., New York, NY. Graduate School of Education.

These proceedings contain six conference papers with commentary and discussion: (1) Dell Hymes, "On Communicative Competence," (2) David McNeill, "How to Learn a First Language," (3) Wayne O'Neil, "A Theory of Linguistic Performance," (4) William Stewart, "Social Dialect," (5) Paul Cohen, "Some Methods in Sociolinguistic Research," and (6) S. Alan…

SOCIAL DIALECTS AND LANGUAGE LEARNING, PROCEEDINGS OF THE BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA, CONFERENCE.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DAVIS, ALVA L.; AND OTHERS

A CONFERENCE WAS HELD ON AUGUST 3-5, 1964 TO BRING TOGETHER SCHOLARS IN DIALECTOLOGY AND RELATED FIELDS. THE ENTIRE CONFERENCE WAS TAPE RECORDED AND A TYPESCRIPT MADE. THE CONTENTS OF THE REPORT ENCOMPASS BOTH THE PANEL PAPERS PRESENTED AND DISCUSSIONS ON (1) SOCIAL DIALECTOLOGY, (2) FIELD PROJECTS, (3) SCHOOL AND COLLEGE TEACHING PROGRAMS, (4)…

Learning Mathematics in a CAS Environment: The Genesis of a Reflection about Instrumentation and the Dialectics between Technical and Conceptual Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Artigue, Michele

2002-01-01

Presents an anthropological approach used in French research and the theory of instrumentation developed in cognitive ergonomics. Shows how these frameworks allow an approach to the educational use of CAS technology, focusing on the unexpected complexity of instrumental genesis, mathematical needs of instrumentation, status of instrumented…

Exploring dialectical behaviour therapy clinicians' experiences of team consultation meetings.

PubMed

Walsh, Cian; Ryan, Patrick; Flynn, Daniel

2018-01-01

This article presents a detailed idiographic analysis of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) clinicians' experiences of team consultation meetings. DBT is an evidence-based psychological intervention with a demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Team consultation meetings encompass one of the primary components involved in this treatment model; where DBT clinicians regularly meet to discuss client work and enhance further learning. The present study's aim was to assess what are DBT clinicians' experiences of the consultation meeting component and whether it is useful or not. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 11 DBT clinicians (nine females, two males) from three different consultation teams. The research project utilised an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) framework. Audio-recorded interview data was analysed using this framework. Four superordinate themes emerged from the interview data, which included ten subordinate themes. The superordinate themes focused on: (1) the acquisition of DBT technical knowledge and other MDT related expertise (2) participants' emotional experiences of DBT and consultation meetings, and how this can evolve over time (3) the underlying processes that occur in the consultation team including the development of a team bond and the impact of membership changes and (4) the largely consistent and reliable nature of consultation meetings and how they help maintain clinician motivation. Team consultation meetings were found to be supportive; playing an important role in maintaining clinician motivation through the availability of team support, opportunities to reflect and learn, and assistance in regulating emotions. Challenges arose in relation to team membership changes and acclimatisation to the type of feedback utilised in team consultation. The study's implications for practise are considered.

Cultural-historical activity theory: Vygotsky's forgotten and suppressed legacy and its implication for mathematics education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roth, Wolff-Michael

2012-03-01

Cultural-historical activity theory—with historical roots in dialectical materialism and the social psychology to which it has given rise—has experienced exponential growth in its acceptance by scholars interested in understanding knowing and learning writ large. In education, this theory has constituted something like a well kept secret that is only in the process of gaining larger levels of acceptance. Mathematics educators are only beginning to realise the tremendous advantages that the theory provides over other theories. In this review essay, I articulate the theory as it may relate to the issues that concern mathematics education and educators with a particular focus on the way in which it addresses logical contradictions in existing theories.

Dialectics and Operatory Thinking. A Commentary on 'Youniss Operations' and Everyday Thinking. A Commentary on 'Dialectical Operations'

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wozniak, R. H.

1974-01-01

A criticism of Youniss' (1975) dialectical conception of Piaget's figurative-operative distinction. It is suggested that the figurative-operative distinction does not meet the criteria for a subject-object dialectic. (JMB)

Relating Dialogue and Dialectics: A Philosophical Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dafermos, Manolis

2018-01-01

Dialectics and a dialogical approach constitute two distinct theoretical frameworks with long intellectual histories. The question of relations between dialogue and dialectics provokes discussions in academic communities. The present paper highlights the need to clarify the concepts "dialogue" and "dialectics" and explore their…

Marxism in Vygotskian approaches to cultural studies of science education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lima Junior, Paulo; Ostermann, Fernanda; Rezende, Flavia

2014-09-01

In this paper we initially address the main categories of Marxism, illustrating how Vygotsky has appropriated them as mediational meta-theoretical tools for building concepts for his psychological approach. In order to investigate the influence of Marxism in cultural studies of science education, we make an account of how current research, sustained by Vygotsky's original and successor theories, has been appropriating meta-theoretical categories of dialectical materialism. Once we identified Cultural Studies of Science Education as a journal that would probably concentrate papers that follow these perspectives, we decided to take it as the context of this study. In the process of selecting the corpus to be reviewed from the editions published from 2006 to 2011, we have found that 16 % of the articles that matched keywords denoting frameworks related to the Vygotskian tradition developed and appropriated the categories of dialectical materialism. The quality and originality of contemporary development of CHAT denote that this framework has been playing a very important role in recent expansion of Vygotskian approaches to research in science education. Among the papers that we considered to develop and appropriate Vygotskian frameworks, incompletion in the appropriation of meta-theoretical categories of dialectical materialism and the misusage of dialectics intertwined with dialogism were highlighted. Our findings suggest that overcoming these limitations can enhance political analysis of sociocultural phenomena in the context of science education. It also represents a strengthening of the role of dialectical materialism in expanding sociocultural perspectives toward a better articulation between individual and institutional-centered analyses.

Dimensions of Dialect.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evertts, Eldonna L., Ed.

This collection of articles discusses social dialects, the problems that dialects cause the disadvantaged, and how these problems can be overcome in curriculum planning and classroom practice. Articles are (1) "English: New Dimensions and New Demands" by Muriel Crosby, (2) "A Checklist of Significant Features for Discriminating Social Dialects" by…

The Ancestry of Canadian English. With a Play by Kathy MacLellan.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baeyer, C. V.

This book is designed for advanced classes of adults learning English as a second language. The first section uses maps and texts to show the historical background of some important English dialects. A brief look at Canadian French is included. The second section deals with the origins of words, focussing on the tremendous influence of French on…

A "Fourth Moment" for Music Education? A Response to Chris Philpott's Sociological Critique of Music Curriculum Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McPhail, Graham

2016-01-01

The catalyst for this paper is the ongoing debate concerning formal and informal approaches to pedagogy within the music education literature. I utilise a chapter by Philpott (2010) as a means to continue discussion about the apparent dialectic between formal and informal approaches to music learning and the case Philpott raises for radical change…

A Dialogic Classroom: Facilitating the Interaction on Cross-Taiwan-Strait Issues Regarding the Reconceptualization of the Evolution of Marxist Theories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chien, Chih-Feng

2011-01-01

With regard to the evolution of Marxist theories affecting the relationship between China and Taiwan historically and conceptually, this paper starts with the conceptual framing of the general evolution of Marxist theories--Marxism, neo-Marxist, and post-Marxism. Through dialectical and reconceptualized practice and learning the development of…

Interactions of Economics of Science and Science Education: Investigating the Implications for Science Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erduran, Sibel; Mugaloglu, Ebru Z.

2013-01-01

In recent years, there has been upsurge of interest in the applications of interdisciplinary perspectives on science in science education. Within this framework, the implications of the so-called "economics of science" is virtually an uncharted territory. In this paper, we trace a set of arguments that provide a dialectic engagement with…

Toward a Broader Dialectic: Joining Marxism with Mailer to Forge a Multilectics That Advances Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fellner, Gene

2014-01-01

I contrast the lenses that Norman Mailer, Herbert Marcuse, and Karl Marx bring to their analyses of social life, exploring the contributions and limits of their respective approaches. I then propose what I call a "multilectical" theoretical lens that encompasses the strengths of all three and leans on the insights of post-Marxist…

Specific Language Impairment, Nonverbal IQ, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cochlear Implants, Bilingualism, and Dialectal Variants: Defining the Boundaries, Clarifying Clinical Conditions, and Sorting Out Causes

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this research forum article is to provide an overview of a collection of invited articles on the topic “specific language impairment (SLI) in children with concomitant health conditions or nonmainstream language backgrounds.” Topics include SLI, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cochlear implants, bilingualism, and dialectal language learning contexts. Method The topic is timely due to current debates about the diagnosis of SLI. An overarching comparative conceptual framework is provided for comparisons of SLI with other clinical conditions. Comparisons of SLI in children with low-normal or normal nonverbal IQ illustrate the unexpected outcomes of 2 × 2 comparison designs. Results Comparative studies reveal unexpected relationships among speech, language, cognitive, and social dimensions of children's development as well as precise ways to identify children with SLI who are bilingual or dialect speakers. Conclusions The diagnosis of SLI is essential for elucidating possible causal pathways of language impairments, risks for language impairments, assessments for identification of language impairments, linguistic dimensions of language impairments, and long-term outcomes. Although children's language acquisition is robust under high levels of risk, unexplained individual variations in language acquisition lead to persistent language impairments. PMID:26502218

Dialectical Rapprochement in the New Rhetoric.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frank, David A.

1998-01-01

Contends that the New Rhetoric, a response to 20th-century totalitarianism, is a post-Holocaust dialectic of rapprochement, deserving development by scholars of rhetoric and argument. Demonstrates that the dialectic of New Rhetoric exploits Aristotle's notion of reasoning from common opinions and reconciles Hegelian dialectics with argumentation.…

Designing families and solid citizens: the dialectic of modernity and the Matrimonial Causes Bill, 1959.

PubMed

Walter, J

2001-01-01

Policy-makers in the 1940s and 50s were intent on designing families which would produce solid citizens to engage in nation building. Historians offamilism treat it as an expression of modernism: a unifying, oppressive discourse now to be countered by the destabilising project of postmodernism. But this is not the whole story, for it omits the dialectical essence of 'the modern', which promises both 'progress' through technical rationality and individual achievement/self fulfilment. The other side of the dialectic has been avoided by dismissing individualism as a process of interpellation closely tied to the interests of technocratic elites. Out of the discontinuities within modernism there emerged opportunities for agency, the chance for people to make their own lives. The public controversy over the Matrimonial Causes Bill, 1959-at the height of what we are encouraged to think of as the familist decade-is explored as one instance.

Ideologies, Practices, and Their Effect on Dialect Vitality: A Case Study from Vanuatu

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Cindy

2018-01-01

Understanding dialect loss is informative for language loss, yet dialect attrition remains relatively understudied. Suru Kavian is an endangered dialect of Pentecost Island, Vanuatu. Drawing from language recordings, interviews, and observations, this paper explores the relationship between linguistic ideologies about Suru Kavian (what members of…

Praxis teaching in the ambit of learning assessment of endodontics in a Chilean university.

PubMed

Sánchez-Sanhueza, Gabriela; Cisterna Cabrera, Francisco

2015-01-01

The practice of assessing must ensure that the outcome of the process be a reflection of the learning achieved by students. The aim of this study was to describe the essential attributes of the praxis teacher in the area of Endodontics Learning Evaluation, in the School of Dentistry at the Universidad de Concepción, Chile. This study is designed to diagnose the reliability and objectivity of assessing the learning process, as a framework for innovation, and with a focus on evaluating endodontics skills. This hermeneutic study has a qualitative methodology. It was based on in-depth semi-structured interviews applied to 14 students and 5 teachers, and two focus groups consisting of eight students each. When the study was conducted, the research findings indicated that the evaluation process was not objective and lacked established criteria, and especially a guide to determining the skills. The theoretical evaluation was only summative. The formative role was not formally established. The subjects answered mostly psychometric instruments by multiple choice and with short or extended answers. It was concluded that teacher practice held meaning only if it was backed by academic expertise in the area of endodontics, according to no clear criteria or validated instruments. On the other hand, the groundwork was in place for using an epistemological style in endodontics. This provided a basis for the actual improvements, and allowed the tools developed to be dialectically interconnected with teacher experience. A quantitative analysis was not considered, but could be supplemented later to enhance the data analysis in a future study.

Theoretical and empirical bases for dialect-neutral language assessment: contributions from theoretical and applied linguistics to communication disorders.

PubMed

Pearson, Barbara Zurer

2004-02-01

Three avenues of theoretical research provide insights for discovering abstract properties of language that are subject to disorder and amenable to assessment: (1) the study of universal grammar and its acquisition; (2) descriptions of African American English (AAE) Syntax, Semantics, and Phonology within theoretical linguistics; and (3) the study of specific language impairment (SLI) cross-linguistically. Abstract linguistic concepts were translated into a set of assessment protocols that were used to establish normative data on language acquisition (developmental milestones) in typically developing AAE children ages 4 to 9 years. Testing AAE-speaking language impaired (LI) children and both typically developing (TD) and LI Mainstream American English (MAE)-learning children on these same measures provided the data to select assessments for which (1) TD MAE and AAE children performed the same, and (2) TD performance was reliably different from LI performance in both dialect groups.

Navigating role forces and the aesthetic|authentic caring dialectic: a novice urban science teacher's developmental trajectory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rivera Maulucci, Maria S.

2010-09-01

Examining role forces and resources available to new teachers is crucial to understanding how teachers use and expand cultural, social, and symbolic resources and how they engage teaching for social justice and caring in urban science education. This critical narrative inquiry explores three levels of story. First, the narratives explore my role as a district science staff developer and my efforts to leverage district resources to improve students' opportunities to learn science. Second, the narratives explore the ways in which a novice science teacher, Tina, navigated role forces and the aesthetic|authentic caring dialectic in a high poverty, urban school. A third level of narrative draws on sociological theories of human interaction to explore role forces and how they shaped Tina's developmental trajectory. I describe how Tina expanded cultural, social, and symbolic resources to enact her teaching role.

Dispelling Myths and Examining Strategies in Teaching Non-Standard Dialect Speakers to Read.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zimet, Sara Goodman

To dispel the myths of linguistic deficiency among nonstandard English dialect speakers, evidence that repudiates these myths should be examined. These myths include suggestions that nonstandard dialects are ungrammatical and cannot be used to form concepts, and that speakers of such dialects receive little verbal stimulation as children. The…

Bilingual Readiness in Earliest School Years; A Curriculum Demonstration Project. Bilingual Readiness in Primary Grades; An Early Childhood Demonstration Project. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finocchiaro, Mary; King, Paul F.

These two curriculum demonstration projects on bilingual readiness in the earliest school years contain many similarities. Both were formed on the thesis that young children can and will learn a second language readily and that the urban classroom mixture of Spanish-speaking, English-speaking, and Negro-dialect speaking children can be capitalized…

The Evolution of U.S. e-Learning Policy: A Content Analysis of the National Education Technology Plans

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roumell, Elizabeth Anne; Salajan, Florin Daniel

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was threefold: to expand on existing reviews of 20 years of educational technology policy in the United States, to perform an empirical content analysis of the four National Education Technology Plan (NETP) documents issued by the Department of Education since 1996, and to provide a dialectic analysis of the evolution of…

Identity Development in Pre-Service Teachers Who Are Explainers in a Science Center: Dialectically Developing Theory and Praxis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gupta, Preeti

2009-01-01

This dissertation investigates how teaching in a hands-on science center contributes to re/shaping one's teaching identity. Situated at the New York Hall of Science (NYHS) in Queens, New York, my research approach is to conduct a critical ethnography where the focus is on improving the teaching and learning of science for all involved. In…

Evaluating the Grammars of Children Who Speak Nonmainstream Dialects of English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oetting, Janna B.; Lee, Ryan; Porter, Karmen L.

2013-01-01

In this article, we review three responses to the study and evaluation of grammar in children who speak nonmainstream dialects of English. Then we introduce a fourth, system-based response that views nonmainstream dialects of English, such as African American English (AAE) and Southern White English (SWE) as made up of "dialect-specific"…

Accurate Arabic Script Language/Dialect Classification

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

Army Research Laboratory Accurate Arabic Script Language/Dialect Classification by Stephen C. Tratz ARL-TR-6761 January 2014 Approved for public...1197 ARL-TR-6761 January 2014 Accurate Arabic Script Language/Dialect Classification Stephen C. Tratz Computational and Information Sciences...Include area code) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 January 2014 Final Accurate Arabic Script Language/Dialect Classification

Three Speakers, Four Dialects: Documenting Variation in an Endangered Amazonian Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skilton, Amalia

2017-01-01

This paper offers a case study on dialect contact in Máíhiki (Tukanoan, Peru), with the goal of illustrating how documentation of variation can contribute to a general language documentation project. I begin by describing the facts of variation in one dialectally diverse Máíhiki-speaking community. I then argue that the outcomes of dialect mixing…

Construction of a Phonotactic Dialect Corpus using Semiautomatic Annotation

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

phonological or phonetic feature is speaker specific or commonly found in that speaker’s dialect. Historically, the sociolinguistic study of dialect...variation in speech has been limited to small-scale population studies , usually conducted through sociolinguistic interviews [1]. Dialect analysis of... study , we created a superset of rules 943 derived from phenomena described in the sociolinguistic literature [8][9][10][11]. Rule Example ROI [r]->0

Effect of Mobile-Assisted Dialect Awareness Training on the Dialect Attitudes of Prospective English Language Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bozoglan, Hilal; Gok, Duygu

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a mobile-assisted dialect awareness programme on the dialect attitudes of pre-service English language teachers in Turkey. The study adopted a pre-test and a post-test design including 58 first-grade pre-service English language teachers in two different classes. The experimental group…

Korean Artists in Transcultural Spaces: Constructing New National Identities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Jeong-Ae

2014-01-01

This article reports research on New York-based Korean artists' dynamic processes of identity-shaping and the implications that these processes have for art education. The study uses postcolonial theories that illuminate the dialectical process of hybrid cultural production in the global dimension. The artists' identities narrated elucidate the…

"Look at what I am saying": Multimodal science teaching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pozzer-Ardenghi, Lilian

Language constitutes the dominant representational mode in science teaching, and lectures are still the most prevalent of the teaching methods in school science. In this dissertation, I investigate lectures from a multimodal and communicative perspective to better understand how teaching as a cultural-historical and social activity unfolds; that is, I am concerned with teaching as a communicative event, where a variety of signs (or semiotic resources), expressed in diverse modalities (or modes of communication) are produced and reproduced while the teacher articulates very specific conceptual meanings for the students. Within a trans-disciplinary approach that merges theoretical and methodical frameworks of social and cultural studies of human activity and interaction, communicative and gestures studies, linguistics, semiotics, pragmatics, and studies on teaching and learning science, I investigate teaching as a communicative, dynamic, multimodal, and social activity. My research questions include: What are the resources produced and reproduced in the classroom when the teacher is lecturing? How do these resources interact with each other? What meanings do they carry and how are these associated to achieve the coherence necessary to accomplish the communication of complex and abstract scientific concepts, not only within one lecture, but also within an entire unit of the curricula encompassing various lectures? My results show that, when lecturing, the communication of scientific concepts occur along trajectories driven by the dialectical relation among the various semiotic resources a lecturer makes available that together constitute a unit---the idea. Speech, gestures, and other nonverbal resources are but one-sided expressions of a higher order communicative meaning unit. The iterable nature of the signs produced and reproduced during science lectures permits, supports, and encourages the repetition, variation, and translation of ideas, themes, and languages and therefore permits, supports, and encourages conceptual development at the boundary between the mundane and discipline-specific cultures that students (have to) traverse in learning. It is only within this multimodal and dialectical communicative meaning unit that we can understand and investigate science teaching and learning as these processes naturally occur.

Dialect Density in Bilingual Puerto Rican Spanish-English Speaking Children

PubMed Central

Fabiano-Smith, Leah; Shuriff, Rebecca; Barlow, Jessica A.; Goldstein, Brian A.

2014-01-01

It is still largely unknown how the two phonological systems of bilingual children interact. In this exploratory study, we examine children's use of dialect features to determine how their speech sound systems interact. Six monolingual Puerto Rican Spanish-speaking children and 6 bilingual Puerto Rican Spanish-English speaking children, ages 5-7 years, were included in the current study. Children's single word productions were analyzed for (1) dialect density and (2) frequency of occurrence of dialect features (after Oetting & McDonald, 2002). Nonparametric statistical analyses were used to examine differences within and across language groups. Results indicated that monolinguals and bilinguals exhibited similar dialect density, but differed on the types of dialect features used. Findings are discussed within the theoretical framework of the Dual Systems Model (Paradis, 2001) of language acquisition in bilingual children. PMID:25009677

Dialectal and gender differences in nasalance for a Mandarin population.

PubMed

Kim, Ha-Kyung; Yu, Xiao-meng; Cao, Yan-jing; Liu, Xiao-ming; Huang, Zhao-Ming

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are dialectal and gender related differences in nasalance of main Mandarin vowels and three sentences in 400 Chinese normal adults. The mean nasalance score difference for dialect and gender was significant (p < .001) in all speech materials. For different dialects, the average nasalance scores show that Chongqing > Beijing > Shanghai > Guangzhou for the nasal sentence, oro-nasal sentence, /a/, /i/ and /u/. In addition, the average nasalance scores of females were higher than those of males for all speech materials in all dialects. The clinical significance of this study can be helpful in making nasalance clinical decisions for Chinese people with cleft palate, hearing disorders and dysarthria with resonance disorders. It also shows the theoretical and socio-cultural features for linguists considering dialects and gender.

Evaluating and Evolving Metadata in Multiple Dialects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozimor, J.; Habermann, T.; Powers, L. A.; Gordon, S.

2016-12-01

Despite many long-term homogenization efforts, communities continue to develop focused metadata standards along with related recommendations and (typically) XML representations (aka dialects) for sharing metadata content. Different representations easily become obstacles to sharing information because each representation generally requires a set of tools and skills that are designed, built, and maintained specifically for that representation. In contrast, community recommendations are generally described, at least initially, at a more conceptual level and are more easily shared. For example, most communities agree that dataset titles should be included in metadata records although they write the titles in different ways. This situation has led to the development of metadata repositories that can ingest and output metadata in multiple dialects. As an operational example, the NASA Common Metadata Repository (CMR) includes three different metadata dialects (DIF, ECHO, and ISO 19115-2). These systems raise a new question for metadata providers: if I have a choice of metadata dialects, which should I use and how do I make that decision? We have developed a collection of metadata evaluation tools that can be used to evaluate metadata records in many dialects for completeness with respect to recommendations from many organizations and communities. We have applied these tools to over 8000 collection and granule metadata records in four different dialects. This large collection of identical content in multiple dialects enables us to address questions about metadata and dialect evolution and to answer those questions quantitatively. We will describe those tools and results from evaluating the NASA CMR metadata collection.

A Vygotskian Approach to Heterogeneous Communication and Multi/Cultural Literacy: Commentary on David Kellogg's "Taking Uptaking up, or, a Deconstructionist "Ontology of Difference" and a Developmental One"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hwang, SungWon

2009-01-01

In this commentary, I review Kellogg's comments on a recent editorial in the journal "Mind, Culture, and Activity" (Roth, 2008). Concerning Kellogg's code-switching model for learning language, I present and exemplify a dialectic problem of multi/cultural literacy: the first articulation that crosses the boundaries of cultures and languages…

Changing Reasons as Reasoning Changes: A Narrative Interview on Second Language Classroom Motivation, Telecollaboration, and the Learning of Foreign Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Negueruela-Azarola, Eduardo

2011-01-01

This narrative interview study of a Spanish learner documents and explains apparent contradictions in a student's story when reporting on why she continues to take Spanish even when she does not like it or perform well in foreign language courses. A dialectical approach to human activity based on sociocultural theory is used to make sense of her…

[Marxism as a theoretical and methodological framework in collective health: implications for systematic review and synthesis of evidence].

PubMed

Soares, Cassia Baldini; Campos, Celia Maria Sivalli; Yonekura, Tatiana

2013-12-01

In this study, we discuss the integration in systematic reviews of research developed from a Marxist perspective of knowledge production and their results as evidence in healthcare. The study objectives are to review the assumptions of dialectical and historical materialism (DHM) and discuss the implications of dialectics for a literature review and the synthesis of evidence. DHM is a powerful framework for knowledge generation and transformation of policies and practices in healthcare. It assumes that social contradictions underlie the health-disease process, the fundamental theoretical construction in the field of collective health. Currently, we observe a considerable influence of the critical paradigm, of Marxist origin, in the construction of knowledge in health. Studies based on this critical paradigm incorporate complex methods, which are inherent to the guidelines of dialect, to identify the object and arrive at results that constitute evidence in healthcare. Systematic reviews should address the methodological difficulties associated with entirely integrating these results to healthcare.

Constructing the Stereotype: Indexes and Performance of a Stigmatised Local Dialect in Egypt

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bassiouney, Reem

2018-01-01

'Sa?idi dialect' is a general phrase used by Egyptians to refer to a group of dialects spoken in an area that stretches from the south of Cairo to the border of the Sudan. Of all the dialects found throughout Egypt and the Arab world, Sa?idi Arabic is one of the most ridiculed, stigmatised and stereotyped in the media. Salient phonological and…

Proverb preferences across cultures: dialecticality or poeticality?

PubMed

Friedman, Mike; Chen, Hsin-Chin; Vaid, Jyotsna

2006-04-01

Peng and Nisbett (1999) claimed that members of Asian cultures show a greater preference than Euro-Americans for proverbs expressing paradox (so-called dialectical proverbs; e.g., Too humble is half proud). The present research sought to replicate this claim with the same set of stimuli used in Peng and Nisbett's Experiment 2 and a new set of dialectical and nondialectical proverbs that were screened to be comparably pleasing in phrasing. Whereas the proverbs were rated as more familiar and (in Set 1) more poetic by Chinese than by American participants, no group differences were found in relation to proverb dialecticality. Both the Chinese and Americans in our study rated the dialectical proverbs from Peng and Nisbett's study as more likable, higher in wisdom, and higher in poeticality than the nondialectical proverbs. For Set 2, both groups found the dialectical proverbs to be as likable, wise, and poetic as the nondialectical proverbs. When poeticality was covaried out, dialectical proverbs were liked better than nondialectical proverbs across both stimulus sets by the Chinese and the Americans alike, and when wisdom was covaried out, the effect of dialecticality was reduced in both sets and groups. Our findings indicate that caution should be taken in ascribing differences in proverb preferences solely to cultural differences in reasoning.

Perceptual effects of dialectal and prosodic variation in vowels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fox, Robert Allen; Jacewicz, Ewa; Hatcher, Kristin; Salmons, Joseph

2005-09-01

As was reported earlier [Fox et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2396 (2003)], certain vowels in the Ohio and Wisconsin dialects of American English are shifting in different directions. In addition, we have found that the spectral characteristics of these vowels (e.g., duration and formant frequencies) changed systematically under varying degrees of prosodic prominence, with somewhat different changes occurring within each dialect. The question addressed in the current study is whether naive listeners from these two dialects are sensitive to both the dialect variations and to the prosodically induced spectral differences. Listeners from Ohio and Wisconsin listened to the stimulus tokens [beIt] and [bɛt] produced in each of three prosodic contexts (representing three different levels of prominence). These words were produced by speakers from Ohio or from Wisconsin (none of the listeners were also speakers). Listeners identified the stimulus tokens in terms of vowel quality and indicated whether it was a good, fair, or poor exemplar of that phonetic category. Results showed that both phonetic quality decisions and goodness ratings were systematically and significantly affected by speaker dialect, listener dialect, and prosodic context. Implications of source and nature of ongoing vowel changes in these two dialects will be discussed. [Work partially supported by NIDCD R03 DC005560-01.

Repeat what after whom? Exploring variable selectivity in a cross-dialectal shadowing task

PubMed Central

Walker, Abby; Campbell-Kibler, Kathryn

2015-01-01

Twenty women from Christchurch, New Zealand and 16 from Columbus Ohio (dialect region U.S. Midland) participated in a bimodal lexical naming task where they repeated monosyllabic words after four speakers from four regional dialects: New Zealand, Australia, U.S. Inland North and U.S. Midland. The resulting utterances were acoustically analyzed, and presented to listeners on Amazon Mechanical Turk in an AXB task. Convergence is observed, but differs depending on the dialect of the speaker, the dialect of the model, the particular word class being shadowed, and the order in which dialects are presented to participants. We argue that these patterns are generally consistent with findings that convergence is promoted by a large phonetic distance between shadower and model (Babel, 2010, contra Kim et al., 2011), and greater existing variability in a vowel class (Babel, 2012). The results also suggest that more comparisons of accommodation toward different dialects are warranted, and that the investigation of the socio-indexical meaning of specific linguistic forms in context is a promising avenue for understanding variable selectivity in convergence. PMID:26029129

Anticipation: learning from the past. The Russian/Soviet contributions to the science of anticipation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bazac, Ana

2018-05-01

The focus on Russian/Soviet contributions is only an opportunity to understand the objective premises of anticipation. Since anticipation expresses a main concept characterizing human action, it is important to see whether and how it corresponds to the neuro-physiology of the human. The aim of this review is to show that anticipation is neuro-physiologically constitutive and is intertwined with all other reflective, cognitive, and coordinative functions that form an inseparable unity in the process of adaptation. The experiments described in the book draw attention to anticipation as the internal tendency of the living that cannot be ignored. The review highlights the dialectic of continuity and discontinuity in the living from the standpoint of anticipation, and the holistic conclusions of the scientific research regarding the living and the human being.

Greene's Dialectics of Freedom and Dewey's Naturalistic Existential Metaphysics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garrison, James W.

1990-01-01

This article attempts to develop the Deweyan naturalistic existential metaphysics which underlies Maxine Greene's diverse dialectics. Also included are reflections on the implications of the dialectic of freedom and Dewey's metaphysics for education and the arts. (IAH)

Change through Empowerment Processes: Women's Stories from South Asia and Latin America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stacki, Sandra L.; Monkman, Karen

2003-01-01

Uses case studies of a Latin American woman and a South Asian woman to identify obstacles and facilitators that shaped their lives and paths to empowerment. Presents a model for understanding processes of empowerment and change, particularly change facilitating gender equity. Recognizes a dialectic process involving individual subjective…

Listening to accented speech in a second language: First language and age of acquisition effects.

PubMed

Larraza, Saioa; Samuel, Arthur G; Oñederra, Miren Lourdes

2016-11-01

Bilingual speakers must acquire the phonemic inventory of 2 languages and need to recognize spoken words cross-linguistically; a demanding job potentially made even more difficult due to dialectal variation, an intrinsic property of speech. The present work examines how bilinguals perceive second language (L2) accented speech and where accommodation to dialectal variation takes place. Dialectal effects were analyzed at different levels: An AXB discrimination task tapped phonetic-phonological representations, an auditory lexical-decision task tested for effects in accessing the lexicon, and an auditory priming task looked for semantic processing effects. Within that central focus, the goal was to see whether perceptual adjustment at a given level is affected by 2 main linguistic factors: bilinguals' first language and age of acquisition of the L2. Taking advantage of the cross-linguistic situation of the Basque language, bilinguals with different first languages (Spanish or French) and ages of acquisition of Basque (simultaneous, early, or late) were tested. Our use of multiple tasks with multiple types of bilinguals demonstrates that in spite of very similar discrimination capacity, French-Basque versus Spanish-Basque simultaneous bilinguals' performance on lexical access significantly differed. Similarly, results of the early and late groups show that the mapping of phonetic-phonological information onto lexical representations is a more demanding process that accentuates non-native processing difficulties. L1 and AoA effects were more readily overcome in semantic processing; accented variants regularly created priming effects in the different groups of bilinguals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Hepatitis - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Viral Hepatitis - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Viral ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Viral ...

Circumcision - Multiple Languages

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... Male Circumcision - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Male ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Male ...

Gallstones - Multiple Languages

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... Removal Surgery - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Gall ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Gall ...

Dislocations - Multiple Languages

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... Shoulder Sling - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Wearing ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Wearing ...

Burns - Multiple Languages

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... Burn Care - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Burn ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Burn ...

Hypoglycemia - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Blood Sugar - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Low ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Low ...

Headache - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Section Headaches - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Headaches - ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF ... Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Headaches - ...

Cataract - Multiple Languages

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... Section Cataract - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Cataract - ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF ... Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Cataract - ...

The Dialectics of Agency in Educational Ethnography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rainio, Anna Pauliina; Hilppö, Jaakko

2017-01-01

This paper outlines a dialectical conceptualisation of children's agency for the purposes of multidisciplinary educational theory and practice. We illuminate five contradictory but connected dimensions of children's agency, or "the dialectics of agency," identified from theoretical debate between sociologically and psychologically…

Evidence for cultural dialects in vocal emotion expression: acoustic classification within and across five nations.

PubMed

Laukka, Petri; Neiberg, Daniel; Elfenbein, Hillary Anger

2014-06-01

The possibility of cultural differences in the fundamental acoustic patterns used to express emotion through the voice is an unanswered question central to the larger debate about the universality versus cultural specificity of emotion. This study used emotionally inflected standard-content speech segments expressing 11 emotions produced by 100 professional actors from 5 English-speaking cultures. Machine learning simulations were employed to classify expressions based on their acoustic features, using conditions where training and testing were conducted on stimuli coming from either the same or different cultures. A wide range of emotions were classified with above-chance accuracy in cross-cultural conditions, suggesting vocal expressions share important characteristics across cultures. However, classification showed an in-group advantage with higher accuracy in within- versus cross-cultural conditions. This finding demonstrates cultural differences in expressive vocal style, and supports the dialect theory of emotions according to which greater recognition of expressions from in-group members results from greater familiarity with culturally specific expressive styles.

Removing obstacles for African American English-speaking children through greater understanding of language difference.

PubMed

Pearson, Barbara Zurer; Conner, Tracy; Jackson, Janice E

2013-01-01

Language difference among speakers of African American English (AAE) has often been considered language deficit, based on a lack of understanding about the AAE variety. Following Labov (1972), Wolfram (1969), Green (2002, 2011), and others, we define AAE as a complex rule-governed linguistic system and briefly discuss language structures that it shares with general American English (GAE) and others that are unique to AAE. We suggest ways in which mistaken ideas about the language variety add to children's difficulties in learning the mainstream dialect and, in effect, deny them the benefits of their educational programs. We propose that a linguistically informed approach that highlights correspondences between AAE and the mainstream dialect and trains students and teachers to understand language varieties at a metalinguistic level creates environments that support the academic achievement of AAE-speaking students. Finally, we present 3 program types that are recommended for helping students achieve the skills they need to be successful in multiple linguistic environments.

An Outline of the Structure of Shilha. American Council of Learned Societies Program in Oriental Languages, Publications Series B - Aids - Number 11.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Applegate, Joseph R.

Shilha, which is spoken in southwest Morocco, is one of the most widely distributed of the Berber languages. The dialect described in the work is found in the area extending from Agadir to Ifni and as far east as Taroudant. This study provides a general description of the structure of the language by examing the phonology, morphology, major form…

A Kurdish Grammar: Descriptive Analysis of the Kurdish of Sulaimaniya, Iraq. American Council of Learned Societies Program in Oriental Languages, Publications Series B - Aids - Number 10.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCarus, Ernest N.

This study is a description of the Kurdish of the city of Sulaimaniya, Iraq. Kurdish dialects cover an area embracing parts of eastern Turkey, Soviet Armenia, northern Syria, western Iran, and Khorasan in Iran. The language is described in terms of (1) phonology, (2) morphology, (3) morphophonemics, (4) word formation, and (5) syntax. An appendix,…

Sentence Recall by Children With SLI Across Two Nonmainstream Dialects of English

PubMed Central

McDonald, Janet L.; Seidel, Christy M.; Hegarty, Michael

2016-01-01

Purpose The inability to accurately recall sentences has proven to be a clinical marker of specific language impairment (SLI); this task yields moderate-to-high levels of sensitivity and specificity. However, it is not yet known if these results hold for speakers of dialects whose nonmainstream grammatical productions overlap with those that are produced at high rates by children with SLI. Method Using matched groups of 70 African American English speakers and 36 Southern White English speakers and dialect-strategic scoring, we examined children's sentence recall abilities as a function of their dialect and clinical status (SLI vs. typically developing [TD]). Results For both dialects, the SLI group earned lower sentence recall scores than the TD group with sensitivity and specificity values ranging from .80 to .94, depending on the analysis. Children with SLI, as compared with TD controls, manifested lower levels of verbatim recall, more ungrammatical recalls when the recall was not exact, and higher levels of error on targeted functional categories, especially those marking tense. Conclusion When matched groups are examined and dialect-strategic scoring is used, sentence recall yields moderate-to-high levels of diagnostic accuracy to identify SLI within speakers of nonmainstream dialects of English. PMID:26501934

Spatial Evolution of Human Dialects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burridge, James

2017-07-01

The geographical pattern of human dialects is a result of history. Here, we formulate a simple spatial model of language change which shows that the final result of this historical evolution may, to some extent, be predictable. The model shows that the boundaries of language dialect regions are controlled by a length minimizing effect analogous to surface tension, mediated by variations in population density which can induce curvature, and by the shape of coastline or similar borders. The predictability of dialect regions arises because these effects will drive many complex, randomized early states toward one of a smaller number of stable final configurations. The model is able to reproduce observations and predictions of dialectologists. These include dialect continua, isogloss bundling, fanning, the wavelike spread of dialect features from cities, and the impact of human movement on the number of dialects that an area can support. The model also provides an analytical form for Séguy's curve giving the relationship between geographical and linguistic distance, and a generalization of the curve to account for the presence of a population center. A simple modification allows us to analytically characterize the variation of language use by age in an area undergoing linguistic change.

Experiences of non-progressive and augmented labour among nulliparous women: a qualitative interview study in a Grounded Theory approach

PubMed Central

Kjaergaard, Hanne; Foldgast, Anne Maria; Dykes, Anna-Karin

2007-01-01

Background Non-progressive labour is the most common complication in nulliparas and is primarily treated by augmentation. Augmented labour is often terminated by instrumental delivery. Little qualitative research has addressed experiences of non-progressive and augmented deliveries. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of non-progressive and augmented labour among nulliparas and their experience of the care they received. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews. Data was collected and analysed according to the Grounded Theory method. The participants were a purposive sample of ten women. The interviews were conducted 4–15 weeks after delivery. Results The women had contrasting experiences during the birth process. During labour there was a conflict between the expectation of having a natural delivery and actually having a medical delivery. The women experienced a feeling of separation between mind and body. Interacting with the midwife had a major influence on feelings of losing and regaining control. Reconciliation between the contrasting feelings during labour was achieved. The core category was named Dialectical Birth Process and comprised three categories: Balancing natural and medical delivery, Interacting, Losing and regaining control. Conclusion A dialectical process was identified in these women's experiences of non-progressive labour. The process is susceptible to interaction with the midwife; especially her support to the woman's feeling of being in control. Midwives should secure that the woman's recognition of the fact that the labour is non-progressive and augmentation is required is handled with respect for the dialectical process. Augmentation of labour should be managed as close to the course of natural labour and delivery as possible. PMID:17662152

Subjective and Objective Parameters Determining "Salience" in Long-Term Dialect Accommodation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Auer, Peter; Barden, Birgit; Grosskopf, Beate

1998-01-01

Presents results of a longitudinal study on long-term dialect accommodation in a German dialect setting. An important model of explaining which linguistic structures undergo such convergence and which do not makes use of the notion of "salience." (Author/VWL)

Hip Replacement - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Hip Replacement - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Total ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Total ...

Dry Mouth - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Cancer Treatment - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Dry ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Dry ...

Blood Sugar - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Sugar Test - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Fasting ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Fasting ...

Atrial Fibrillation - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Atrial Fibrillation - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Atrial ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF ... Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Atrial ...

Diabetes and Pregnancy - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... During Pregnancy - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Diabetes ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF ... Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Diabetes ...

Bone Marrow Diseases - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Marrow Biopsy - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Bone ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Bone ...

Gastrointestinal Bleeding - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Hemoccult Test - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Hemoccult ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF ... Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Hemoccult ...

Animal Bites - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... and Scratches - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Animal ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Animal ...

Baby Health Checkup - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Your Baby - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Choosing ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Choosing ...

CT Scans - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Tomography) Scan - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section CT ( ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section CT ( ...

Breast Diseases - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Breast Biopsy - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Breast ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Breast ...

"Standard" versus "Dialect" in Bilingual Education: An Old Problem in a New Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fishman, Joshua A.

1977-01-01

A survey discussion of the question of standard languages versus dialects in education observes practice and conditions in America and Europe with attention to the definition of dialect. Responsibilities of the bilingual education teacher are outlined. (CHK)

A Dialectical Paradigm for Psychological Research: Implications Drawn from the History of Psychology in the Soviet Union

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wozniak, Robert H.

1975-01-01

The psycho-philosophical issues involved in the shift to a dialectical perspective in early Soviet psychology are reviewed in order to clarify the implications of the dialectical method for contemporary Western cognitive psychology. (JMB)

Where sex was, there shall gender be? The dialectics of psychoanalytic gender theory.

PubMed

Hansell, James

2011-01-01

Psychoanalytic theories of gender identity have come a long way since Freud. The author reviews two dialectics that have shaped psychoanalytic gender theory thus far: first, the tension between theories that emphasize biological versus sociocultural influences on gender, and second, the dialectic between nomothetic (i.e., universalizing) and idiographic (i.e., focusing on individual variation) approaches. The author argues that psychoanalytic gender theory could be further enriched with more attention to two additional dialectics. One involves the so-called gender binary and the relative focus on cultural versus developmental aspects of the binary; a second involves the relationship between gender identity and desire. Attention to these dialectics can help better integrate theoretical and clinical perspectives on gender identity.

High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... in Pregnancy - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section High ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section High ...

Hip Injuries and Disorders - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Pelvic Fracture - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Pelvic ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Pelvic ...

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Bypass Surgery - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Coronary ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Coronary ...

THE CLASSIFICATION OF SERBO-CROATIAN DIALECTS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

NAYLOR, KENNETH E.

THE CAKAVIAN GROUP OF SERBO-CROATIAN DIALECTS CAN BE RECLASSIFIED USING SYNCHRONIC CRITERIA RATHER THAN TRADITIONALLY USED DIACHRONIC CRITERIA. THE APPROACH IS TYPOLOGICAL RATHER THAN GENETIC AND COMPARES THE NOMINAL MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOPHONEMIC SYSTEMS OF SEVEN DIALECTS SELECTED TO PROVIDE A GEOGRAPHICAL SAMPLING OF THE CAKAVIAN GROUP.…

Examining Relationships among Dialect Variation and Emergent Literacy Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terry, Nicole Patton

2012-01-01

This study examined the relationship between nonmainstream American English (NMAE) dialect use and various emergent literacy skills among typically developing children in prekindergarten. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between children's production of NMAE forms (i.e., dialect variation [DVAR]) and their…

Studies in Inuktitut Grammar

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beach, Matthew David

2012-01-01

This dissertation addresses a number of issues about the grammar of Eastern Canadian Inuktitut. Inuktitut is a dialect within the Inuit dialect continuum which is a group of languages/dialects within the Eskimo-Aleut language family. (Eastern Canadian Inuktitut has an ISO 693-3 language code of "ike".) Typologically, it is an ergative…

Understanding Performance Management in Schools: A Dialectical Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Page, Damien

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a dialectical framework for the examination of performance management in schools. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper is based upon a qualitative study of ten headteachers that involved in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings: The findings identified four dialectical tensions that underpin…

Toward a Dialectical Model of Family Gender Discourse: Body, Identity, and Sexuality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blume, Libby Balter; Blume, Thomas W.

2003-01-01

Proposes a dialectical model representing gender discourse in families. A brief review of literature in sociology, psychology, and gender studies focuses on three dialectical issues: nature versus culture, similarity versus difference, and stability versus fluidity. Deconstructing gender theories from a postmodern feminist perspective, the authors…

The Necessity for an Investigation of Dialect Writing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duncan, John

The statement by the Executive Committee of the Conference on College Composition and Communication affirming the student's right to his own language--his dialect--poses a challenge deserving further research, especially as it concerns the classroom situation. Black English, a dialect with linguistic principles whose roots can be traced to West…

Negative Particles and Morphemes in Jordanian Arabic Dialects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mrayat, Ahmad

2015-01-01

This paper aims at investigating the negative particles and morphemes in three main Jordanian dialects (Urban, Rural and Bedouin). This quantitative and qualitative study includes 30 teachers from different disciplines who use these dialects. The sample of the study was selected randomly. The research used two research instruments, a checklist and…

HIV/AIDS - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어) Oromo (Afan Oromoo) Russian (Русский) ... Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) MP4 Healthy Roads Media Japanese (日本語) Expand Section Children and HIV - Newly diagnosed ...

HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어) Russian (Русский) Somali (Af-Soomaali ) ... Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) MP4 Healthy Roads Media Japanese (日本語) Expand Section HIV and breastfeeding - Pregnancy, part ...

Subordinators and Supradialectal Formulas in the Dialectal Inscriptions from Mainland Greece (Excluding Attica)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minamimoto, Toru

2017-01-01

In this dissertation, I investigated the usage of subordinators in Ancient Greek dialectal inscriptions and their interactions with supradialectal formulas, i.e., relatively fixed expressions shared across dialectal borders. Subordinators are grammatical elements and therefore are expected to behave in a systematic manner; supradialectal formulas…

Dialects and Levels of Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Littell, Joseph Fletcher, Ed.

This textbook, part of "The Language of Man" series, has two sections. The first section on dialects of English tells what dialects are and details the speech patterns of Kentucky, the Pennsylvania Dutch, Yiddish, and pidgin English. The second section discusses levels of language such as informal, formal, and technical language, slang, jargon,…

Regional dialect variation in the vowel systems of typically developing children

PubMed Central

Jacewicz, Ewa; Fox, Robert Allen; Salmons, Joseph

2015-01-01

Purpose To investigate regional dialect variation in the vowel systems of normally developing 8–12 years-old children. Method Thirteen vowels in isolated h_d words were produced by 94 children and 93 adults, males and females. All participants spoke American English and were born and raised in one of three distinct dialect regions in the United States: western North Carolina (Southern dialect), central Ohio (Midland) and southeastern Wisconsin (Northern Midwestern dialect). Acoustic analysis included formant frequencies (F1 and F2) measured at five equidistant time points in a vowel and formant movement (trajectory length). Results Children’s productions showed many dialect-specific features comparable to those in adult speakers, both in terms of vowel dispersion patterns and formant movement. Different features were also found including systemic vowel changes, significant monophthongization of selected vowels and greater formant movement in diphthongs. Conclusions The acoustic results provide evidence for regional distinctiveness in children’s vowel systems. Children acquire not only the systemic relations among vowels but also their dialect-specific patterns of formant dynamics. Directing attention to the regional variation in the production of American English vowels, this work may prove helpful in better understanding and interpretation of the development of vowel categories and vowel systems in children. PMID:20966384

Colloquial Arabic vowels in Israel: a comparative acoustic study of two dialects.

PubMed

Amir, Noam; Amir, Ofer; Rosenhouse, Judith

2014-10-01

This study explores the acoustic properties of the vowel systems of two dialects of colloquial Arabic spoken in Israel. One dialect is spoken in the Galilee region in the north of Israel, and the other is spoken in the Triangle (Muthallath) region, in central Israel. These vowel systems have five short and five long vowels /i, i:, e, e:, a, a:, o, o:, u, u:/. Twenty men and twenty women from each region were included, uttering 30 vowels each. All speakers were adult Muslim native speakers of these two dialects. The studied vowels were uttered in non-pharyngeal and non-laryngeal environments in the context of CVC words, embedded in a carrier sentence. The acoustic parameters studied were the two first formants, F0, and duration. Results revealed that long vowels were approximately twice as long as short vowels and differed also in their formant values. The two dialects diverged mainly in the short vowels rather than in the long ones. An overlap was found between the two short vowel pairs /i/-/e/ and /u/-/o/. This study demonstrates the existence of dialectal differences in the colloquial Arabic vowel systems, underlining the need for further research into the numerous additional dialects found in the region.

Evaluating the Interdisciplinary Discoverability of Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gordon, S.; Habermann, T.

2017-12-01

Documentation needs are similar across communities. Communities tend to agree on many of the basic concepts necessary for discovery. Shared concepts such as a title or a description of the data exist in most metadata dialects. Many dialects have been designed and recommendations implemented to create metadata valuable for data discovery. These implementations can create barriers to discovering the right data. How can we ensure that the documentation we curate will be discoverable and understandable by researchers outside of our own disciplines and organizations? Since communities tend to use and understand many of the same documentation concepts, the barriers to interdisciplinary discovery are caused by the differences in the implementation. Thus tools and methods designed for the conceptual layer that evaluate records for documentation concepts, regardless of the dialect, can be effective in identifying opportunities for improvement and providing guidance. The Metadata Evaluation Web Service combined with a Jupyter Notebook interface allows a user to gather insight about a collection of records with respect to different communities' conceptual recommendations. It accomplishes this via data visualizations and provides links to implementation specific guidance on the ESIP Wiki for each recommendation applied to the collection. By utilizing these curation tools as part of an iterative process the data's impact can be increased by making it discoverable to a greater scientific and research community. Due to the conceptual focus of the methods and tools used, they can be utilized by any community or organization regardless of their documentation dialect or tools.

Personality, Psychopathology, and Health Through the Lens of Interpersonal Relatedness and Self-Definition.

PubMed

Luyten, Patrick

2017-06-01

Sidney Blatt's seminal contributions in the domain of personality development, psychopathology, and health rank among the best researched and most empirically supported theories in psychoanalysis. Blatt is known primarily for his two-polarities model of personality development, which he viewed as evolving through a dialectical, synergistic interaction between two fundamental processes across the lifespan: the development of interpersonal relatedness on the one hand, and of self-definition on the other. In this model, psychopathology is viewed as an attempt to find a balance, however distorted, between relatedness and self-definition. Neurobiological research has confirmed the intrinsic dialectical relationship between these two processes in the development of the neural circuits subserving these capacities, a finding with important implications for physical health. Research relevant to these ideas is reviewed, and the influence that Blatt's approach has had in reintroducing psychodynamic factors into contemporary psychology and psychiatry, as reflected in DSM-5, is discussed.

Humiliating Ironies and Dangerous Dignities: A Dialectic of School Pushout

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuck, Eve

2011-01-01

This article explores youth resistance to urban public high schools that both inadvertently and by design push out students before graduation. The author details how youth experience the institutional production of school non-completion as a dialectic of humiliating ironies and dangerous dignities, a dialectic of school pushout. The author…

Plastic Brains and the Dialectics of Dialectics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loxley, Andrew; Murphy, Colette; Seery, Aidan

2014-01-01

This article advances the thinking of Lima, Ostermann and Rezende's "Marxism in Vygotskian approaches to cultural studies of science education" and Mark Zuss' response to their paper. Firstly, it introduces Catherine Malabou's concept of plasticity, from which Hegel's dialectic can be re-read as historical materialist…

The Intelligibility of Social Dialects for Working-Class Adult Learners of English.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenstein, Miriam; Verdi, Gail

1985-01-01

Describes a study of the intelligibility of three dialects--standard English, New Yorkese, and Black English--for working-class adult English learners. Results showed that comprehension was significantly affected by dialect and that learner judgments of the speakers in terms of job status, friendliness, and appearance paralleled the…

Dialect and Influences on the Academic Experiences of College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunstan, Stephany Brett; Jaeger, Audrey J.

2015-01-01

The dialects that college students speak represent a type of diversity that can influence many elements of their experiences in college, including academic experiences. In this study, we examined the influence of speaking a stigmatized dialect on academic experiences for White and African American students (both male and female) from rural…

Saudi Arabic, Urban Hijazi Dialect: Basic Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Omar, Margaret K.

The three major dialect groups of Saudi Arabia are Hijazi, Najdi and Shargi. Hijazi is used for government and commercial purposes and is the most widely understood. This basic course uses the Hijazi dialect of Jidda, which is designated "urban" to distinguish it from Bedouin varieties. The book will provide students with the basic…

The Legitimization of Dialectic: Socratic Strategy in the "Gorgias."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmerton, Patricia

In the "Gorgias," Plato focuses attention upon the value of dialectic as opposed to rhetoric, as well as the status of orators as opposed to philosophers. Through his agent, Socrates, Plato confirms dialectic as a legitimate endeavor while calling into question the place of rhetoric. Socrates is portrayed as a director who enacts a…

Living with HIV/AIDS - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어) Russian (Русский) Spanish (español) HealthReach ... Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) MP4 Healthy Roads Media Japanese (日本語) Expand Section Children and HIV - Newly diagnosed ...

HIV/AIDS and Infections - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어) Russian (Русский) Spanish (español) HealthReach ... Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) MP4 Healthy Roads Media Japanese (日本語) Expand Section How do you get AIDS? - ...

HIV/AIDS in Women - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어) Russian (Русский) Spanish (español) HealthReach ... Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) MP4 Healthy Roads Media Japanese (日本語) Expand Section HIV medicines and women - HIV ...

HIV/AIDS Medicines - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어) Russian (Русский) Spanish (español) HealthReach ... Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) MP4 Healthy Roads Media Japanese (日本語) Expand Section Children and adolescents - HIV medicines, ...

Dialectical Effects on Nasalance: A Multicenter, Cross-Continental Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Awan, Shaheen N.; Bressmann, Tim; Poburka, Bruce; Roy, Nelson; Sharp, Helen; Watts, Christopher

2015-01-01

Purpose: This study investigated nasalance in speakers from six different dialectal regions across North America using recent versions of the Nasometer. It was hypothesized that many of the sound changes observed in regional dialects of North American English would have a significant impact on measures of nasalance. Method: Samples of the Zoo…

The Effects of Dialect Awareness Instruction on Nonmainstream American English Speakers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Lakeisha; Terry, Nicole Patton; Connor, Carol McDonald; Thomas-Tate, Shurita

2017-01-01

The achievement gaps between poor and more affluent students are persistent and chronic, as many students living in poverty are also members of more isolated communities where dialects such as African American English and Southern Vernacular English are often spoken. Non-mainstream dialect use is associated with weaker literacy achievement. The…

Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder: A 1-Year Open Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Tina R.; Axelson, David A.; Birmaher, Boris; Brent, David A.

2007-01-01

Objective: To describe an adapted version of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with bipolar disorder. Method: The dialectical behavior therapy intervention is delivered over 1 year and consists of two modalities: family skills training (conducted with individual family units) and individual therapy. The acute treatment period (6 months)…

Changing Tendencies in the UK: Teaching Dialects in Schools and Standardization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minasyan-Bareid, Armenui

2016-01-01

This paper investigates the case of diglossia in Shetland, northern Scotland: the use of dialect and its implementation in pre-school and school educational curriculum. In particular, this article is aimed at revealing methodology and educational programs used in teaching the dialect in order to protect the local language traditions. The article…

Tonal Icons in Bini.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wescott, Roger W.

1973-01-01

Bini, a language spoken by a million horticulturists in and around Benin City, Nigeria, belongs genealogically to the Edo branch of the Kwa family of the Niger-Congo phylum. Bini dialects differ in their tonemic inventory, which ranges from four to six tonemes per dialect. But all dialects exhibit two morphotonemes--high and low--which perhaps…

Living in the Post-Process Writing Center

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shafer, Gregory

2012-01-01

In this article, the author talks about the college writing center, which is a place of political confrontation, where cultural issues involving dialect and values are probed, contested, and negotiated. He suggests a post-process approach to composition--one that ushers writers into a world of exploration and social engagement--one that transcends…

Crafting socialist embryology: dialectics, aquaculture and the diverging discipline in Maoist China, 1950-1965.

PubMed

Jiang, Lijing

2017-11-07

In the 1950s, embryology in socialist China underwent a series of changes that adjusted the disciplinary apparatus to suit socialism and the national goal of self-reliance. As the Communist state called on scientists to learn from the Soviets, embryologists' comprehensive view on heredity, which did not contradict Trofim Lysenko (1898-1976)'s doctrines, provided a space for them to advance their discipline. Leading scientists, often trained abroad in the tradition of experimental embryology, rode on the tides of Maoist ideology and repositioned their research. Some of their creative realignment of previous research questions, materials, and traditions to Marxist philosophy and agricultural objectives generated productive programs. In particular, Tong Dizhou (1902-1979) translated Engels's dialectics of nature into a research question about cytoplasmic inheritance. His continuing investigation on it led to the first goldfish "clone" through a nuclear transplantation experiment; Zhu Xi and his associates transferred a goldfish model in embryology into studies on improving carp aquaculture, leading to a rare success in the Great Leap Forward of 1958. These directions for embryology continued well into the 1960s. At a time when global embryology was diversifying and began to be molecularized, eventually forming "developmental biology," socialist embryology took shape in China with a different set of epistemic and practical commitments. The history of its development challenges and enriches our understanding of the concrete process of change in one discipline under Mao, showing ways in which scientists creatively adapted state-sanctioned ideologies and visions to do productive work outside the framework of molecular biology during the Cold War.

The maintenance of regional dialects: a matter of gender? Boys, but not girls, use local varieties in relation to their friends' nativeness and local identity

PubMed Central

Barbu, Stéphanie; Martin, Nathael; Chevrot, Jean-Pierre

2014-01-01

The linguistic diversity enduring beyond institutional pressures and social prejudices against non-standard dialects questions the social forces influencing language maintenance across generations and how children contribute to this process. Children encounter multi-dialectal interactions in their early environment, and increasing evidence shows that the acquisition of sociolinguistic variation is not a side issue but an inherent part of the general acquisition process. Despite these recent advances in sociolinguistic acquisition, children's sociolinguistic uses remain under-studied in relation to peer social networks and the ability to use dialect for identity purposes. Our study focused on a grammatical sociolinguistic variable consisting of the alternation between a regional and a standard variant of the third person object pronoun in French. The regional variant is a remnant of the Francoprovençal language and its usage by adults is strongly associated with local identity in the French Alps. We described, using questionnaires, the social networks of 117 10–11 year-old girls and boys living in the same restricted rural area. Thirteen native target children (7 girls and 6 boys) were selected from the sample, as well as 39 same-sex friends chosen according to their place of birth (native vs. non-native) and the duration of their friendship with the targets (number of years they have known each other). The target children were recorded during spontaneous dyadic conversations during free play at school with each category of friends. Target boys, but not girls, used the regional variant significantly more frequently with their long-term native friends than with their non-native friends. This adjustment mirrored their partners' uses. Moreover, with long-term native friends, boys used the regional variant twice as frequently as girls. Boys appeared thus as key actors in the maintenance and the diffusion of regional cues in local social networks. PMID:25400617

The maintenance of regional dialects: a matter of gender? Boys, but not girls, use local varieties in relation to their friends' nativeness and local identity.

PubMed

Barbu, Stéphanie; Martin, Nathael; Chevrot, Jean-Pierre

2014-01-01

The linguistic diversity enduring beyond institutional pressures and social prejudices against non-standard dialects questions the social forces influencing language maintenance across generations and how children contribute to this process. Children encounter multi-dialectal interactions in their early environment, and increasing evidence shows that the acquisition of sociolinguistic variation is not a side issue but an inherent part of the general acquisition process. Despite these recent advances in sociolinguistic acquisition, children's sociolinguistic uses remain under-studied in relation to peer social networks and the ability to use dialect for identity purposes. Our study focused on a grammatical sociolinguistic variable consisting of the alternation between a regional and a standard variant of the third person object pronoun in French. The regional variant is a remnant of the Francoprovençal language and its usage by adults is strongly associated with local identity in the French Alps. We described, using questionnaires, the social networks of 117 10-11 year-old girls and boys living in the same restricted rural area. Thirteen native target children (7 girls and 6 boys) were selected from the sample, as well as 39 same-sex friends chosen according to their place of birth (native vs. non-native) and the duration of their friendship with the targets (number of years they have known each other). The target children were recorded during spontaneous dyadic conversations during free play at school with each category of friends. Target boys, but not girls, used the regional variant significantly more frequently with their long-term native friends than with their non-native friends. This adjustment mirrored their partners' uses. Moreover, with long-term native friends, boys used the regional variant twice as frequently as girls. Boys appeared thus as key actors in the maintenance and the diffusion of regional cues in local social networks.

Legal Education, Liberal Education, and the Trivial "Artes."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kimball, Bruce A.

1986-01-01

Reviews the influence of liberal education upon legal education, studying the historical process according to which changes of emphasis within liberal education (from rhetoric to dialectic or the reverse) have been reflected in related changes in legal education. (AYC)

Thinking and meddling with boundaries: Critical reflections on Matthew Weinstein's narrative of street medics, red-zones and glop

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alsop, Steve

2015-03-01

In pursuit of more mindful notions of hybridity, this review essay provides a series of reflections on Mathew Weinstein's representations of Street Medics and `sciences for the red zones of neoliberalism'. My analysis draws on three popular ways of thinking with boundaries to offer a critical reading of the boundary-work that the essay performs with respect to three dialectics: (1) technical and political; (2) disciplinarily and multidisciplinarities; and (3) structures and agencies. I conclude with reflections on my boundary labour as a researcher, writer and pedagogue and how such cultural work might learn to live better with difference, ambiguities, hybrids and cross-hybrid learning.

White Dialectics: A New Framework for Theory, Research, and Practice with White Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Todd, Nathan R.; Abrams, Elizabeth M.

2011-01-01

This article presents White dialectics, or the tensions that White students experience as dominant group members in the United States, as a new framework to understand and intervene with White students and counselor trainees. Developed from and supported by our qualitative analysis, the authors present the six dialectics of (a) Whiteness and self,…

Dialect Variation and Phonological Knowledge: Phonological Representations and Metalinguistic Awareness among Beginning Readers who Speak Nonmainstream American English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terry, Nicole Patton

2014-01-01

Children's spoken nonmainstream American English (NMAE) dialect use and their knowledge about phonological representations of word pronunciations were assessed in a sample of 105 children in kindergarten through second grade. Children were given expressive and receptive tasks with dialect-sensitive stimuli. Students who produced many NMAE…

Dialectical Inquiry--Does It Deliver? A User Based Research Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seligman, James

2013-01-01

Dialectical Enquiry (DI) as a research method was used in the study of customer/student experience and its management (CEM) in not for profit as higher education. The (DI) method is applied to senders, receivers of the customer experience across six English universities to gather real world data using an imposed dialectical structure and analysis.…

Outcomes and Experiences of an Adapted Dialectic Behaviour Therapy Skills Training Group for People with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crossland, Tom; Hewitt, Olivia; Walden, Sarah

2017-01-01

Background: A growing body of evidence supports the use of Dialectic Behaviour Therapy with people with an intellectual disability. Various adaptation have been used in studies exploring the efficacy of this intervention. Method: A Dialectic Behaviour Therapy DBT skills training group was attended by people with an intellectual disability and…

"Anything You Can Do I Can Do Better": Dialectical Argument in Philosophy of Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vokey, Daniel

2009-01-01

Drawing upon my critical appropriation of Alasdair MacIntyre's account of the rationality of traditions, I undertake to explain and demonstrate how the competing conceptual frameworks of distinct traditions of educational inquiry and practice can be assessed through dialectical argument. To illustrate the "method" of dialectic, I argue that the…

Language Assessment with Children Who Speak Nonmainstream Dialects: Examining the Effects of Scoring Modifications in Norm-Referenced Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendricks, Alison Eisel; Adlof, Suzanne M.

2017-01-01

Purpose: We compared outcomes from 2 measures of language ability in children who displayed a range of dialect variation: 1 using features that do not contrast between mainstream American English (MAE) and nonmainstream dialects (NMAE), and 1 using contrastive features. We investigated how modified scoring procedures affected the diagnostic…

Social Factors in the Consideration of Teaching Standard English.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kochman, Thomas

In this paper, the author (1) weighs the educational value of an oral language program which attempts to teach standard dialect to speakers of a nonstandard dialect and (2) considers the probable success of such a program, given the present social trends. He voices the following objections: (a) teaching a speaker of nonstandard dialect the…

Tamazight Basic Course: Ait Mgild Dialect.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harries, Jeanette

The materials for this course in the Ait Mgild dialect of Tamazight, one of the three main languages into which the Berber dialects of Morocco are grouped, include this textbook, 32 tape recordings, and 260 colored slides keyed to the lessons. Lesson material on each tape does not exceed 26 minutes. The remaining four to eight minutes of the tape…

Delimitacion de las Zonas Dialectales de Mexico: Objetivos y Problemas (Delimitation of Dialect Zones in Mexico: Objectives and Problems)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanch, Juan M. Lope

1975-01-01

Before creating a linguistic map of Mexican dialects, it is necessary to determine the dialect regions of the country. An extensive questionnaire must be written and distributed to collect data from a representative sample of the population for an accurate picture of the language. (CK) (Text in Spanish.)

Effects of gender and regional dialect on prosodic patterns in American English

PubMed Central

Clopper, Cynthia G.; Smiljanic, Rajka

2011-01-01

While cross-dialect prosodic variation has been well established for many languages, most variationist research on regional dialects of American English has focused on the vowel system. The current study was designed to explore prosodic variation in read speech in two regional varieties of American English: Southern and Midland. Prosodic dialect variation was analyzed in two domains: speaking rate and the phonetic expression of pitch movements associated with accented and phrase-final syllables. The results revealed significant effects of regional dialect on the distributions of pauses, pitch accents, and phrasal-boundary tone combinations. Significant effects of talker gender were also observed on the distributions of pitch accents and phrasal-boundary tone combinations. The findings from this study demonstrate that regional and gender identity features are encoded in part through prosody, and provide further motivation for the close examination of prosodic patterns across regional and social varieties of American English. PMID:21686317

A triadic interplay between academics, practitioners and students in the nursing theory and practice dialectic.

PubMed

Chan, Engle Angela; Chan, Kitty; Liu, Yat Wa Justina

2012-05-01

  This article is a report of a descriptive study of the effectiveness of classroom teaching by clinical nurse specialists on students' transfer of theory into practice.   Ongoing concern about a theory-practice merger in nursing has led to collaborative initiatives between academics and practitioners globally. There are different forms of collaborative efforts, but information on their evaluation is scarce and inconclusive. Integration of theory and practice is important for an outcome-based approach, which emphasizes students' clinical competence as the measure of success. The limited nursing discussion on theory and practice collaboration in education was our impetus for the study.   Between 2007 and 2008, focus group interviews were held, first with 75 and then with 35 from the same group of first-year students, regarding their learning experience from the lectures of the two clinical nurse specialists in diabetes and colostomy care, respectively, prior to and after their clinical placements. Six of their clinical instructors and the two clinical nurse specialists were also interviewed. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.   Three themes were identified: impact of students' vicarious learning from clinical nurse specialists' stories of experience; improving the collaboration between clinical nurse specialists and subject lecturers for junior students' learning experience; continuity in the clinical integration of theory-practice as dialectic through an interplay between academics, practitioners and students.   The theory and practice issue is best addressed as a triadic paradigm in a community of practice with the collaboration among academics, practitioners and students. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Insight into the Attitudes of Speakers of Urban Meccan Hijazi Arabic towards Their Dialect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alahmadi, Sameeha D.

2016-01-01

The current study mainly aims to examine the attitudes of speakers of Urban Meccan Hijazi Arabic (UMHA) towards their dialect, which is spoken in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It also investigates whether the participants' age, sex and educational level have any impact on their perception of their dialect. To this end, I designed a 5-point-Likert-scale…

The Linguistic and Social Aspects of the Bedouin Dialect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

El Salman, Mahmoud

2016-01-01

This is a sociolinguistic study that tries to investigate the peculiarity of the Bedouin dialect regardless of the place where it is used. Some variants that are used in their dialect are used wherever they are from. Two sounds in particular were chosen to carry out this study. These are the /?/ variant of the (Q) variable, and the /ts/ variant of…

The Permeability of Dialect Boundaries: A Case Study of the Region Surrounding Erie, Pennsylvania

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evanini, Keelan

2009-01-01

This dissertation presents a dialectological study of the city of Erie, Pennsylvania, and the neighboring towns in the boundary area between the North and Midland dialect regions. Erie occupies a unique place in the dialect geography of North America, in that it appears to have switched status from the North to the Midland. Since the dialect…

A Comparison of the Speech Patterns and Dialect Attitudes of Oklahoma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bakos, Jon

2013-01-01

The lexical dialect usage of Oklahoma has been well-studied in the past by the Survey of Oklahoma Dialects, but the acoustic speech production of the state has received little attention. Apart from two people from Tulsa and two people from Oklahoma City that were interviewed for the Atlas of North American English, no other acoustic work has been…

Quasi-Appropriation of Dialectical Materialism: A Critical Reading of Marxism in Vygotskian Approaches to Cultural Studies in Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodrigues, André; Camillo, Juliano; Mattos, Cristiano

2014-01-01

In this review essay we examine five categories of dialectical materialism proposed by Paulo Lima Junior, Fernanda Ostermann, and Flavia Rezende in their study of the extent to which the articles published in "Cultural Studies of Science Education," that use a Vygotskian approach, are committed to Marxism/dialectical materialism. By…

Language Attitudes and Black Dialect: An Assessment. (1) Language Attitudes in the Classroom. (2) A Reliable Measure of Language Attitudes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Byrd, Marquita L.; Williams, Hampton S.

These two related papers provide information on teacher attitudes toward black dialect use in the classroom and the measurement of such attitudes. The first paper reports on data from 176 administrators, counselors, teachers, and student teachers, revealing significant relationships between a teacher's definition of black dialect, attitudes toward…

Linguistic constraints on children's overt marking of BE by dialect and age.

PubMed

Roy, Joseph; Oetting, Janna B; Moland, Christy Wynn

2013-06-01

Overt marking of BE in nonmainstream adult dialects of English is influenced by a number of linguistic constraints, including the structure's person, number, tense, contractibility, and grammatical function. In the current study, the authors examined the effects of these constraints on overt marking of BE in children as a function of their nonmainstream English dialect and age. The data were language samples from 62 children, ages 4-6 years; 24 children spoke African American English (AAE), and 38 spoke Southern White English (SWE). Analyses included analysis of variance and logistic regression. Rates of overt marking varied by the children's dialect but not their age. Although the person, number, tense, and grammatical function of BE influenced the children's rates of marking, the nature and magnitude of the influence differed by the children's dialect. For AAE-speaking children, contractibility also influenced their marking of BE. Consistent with the adult literature, the current study showed that AAE- and SWE-speaking children marked BE in ways that differed from each other and from what has been documented for child speakers of Mainstream American English. These findings show stability in the use of BE in AAE and SWE that spans different generations and different dialect communities.

Linguistic Constraints on Children's Overt Marking of BE by Dialect and Age

PubMed Central

Roy, Joseph; Oetting, Janna B.; Moland, Christy Wynn

2013-01-01

Purpose Overt marking of BE in nonmainstream adult dialects of English is influenced by a number of linguistic constraints, including the structure's person, number, tense, contractibility, and grammatical function. In the current study, we examined the effects of these constraints on overt marking of BE in children as a function of their nonmainstream English dialect and age. Methods The data were language samples from 62 children, aged four to six years; 24 spoke African American English (AAE) and 38 spoke Southern White English (SWE). Analyses included analysis of variance and logistic regression. Results Rates of overt marking varied by the children's dialect but not their age. Although the person, number, tense, and grammatical function of BE influenced the children's rates of marking, the nature and magnitude of the influence differed by the children's dialect. For AAE-speaking children, contractibility also influenced their marking of BE. Conclusions Consistent with the adult literature, the AAE- and SWE-speaking children marked BE in ways that differed from each other and from what has been documented for child speakers of Mainstream American English. These findings show stability in the use of BE in AAE and SWE that spans different generations and different dialect communities. PMID:23275400

Dialectical Features of Students' Argumentation: A Critical Review of Argumentation Studies in Science Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nielsen, Jan Alexis

2013-02-01

This paper explores the challenges of using the Toulmin model to analyze students' dialogical argumentation. The paper presents a theoretical exposition of what is involved in an empirical study of real dialogic argumentation. Dialogic argumentation embodies dialectical features — i.e. the features that are operative when students collaboratively manage disagreement by providing arguments and engaging critically with the arguments provided by others. The paper argues that while dialectical features cannot readily be understood from a Toulminian perspective, it appears that an investigation of them is a prerequisite for conducting Toulminian analysis. This claim is substantiated by a detailed review of five of the ten most significant papers on students' argumentation in science education. This leads to the surprising notion that empirical studies in the argumentation strand — even those studies that have employed non-dialectical frameworks such as the Toulmin model — have implicitly struggled to come to terms with the dialectical features of students' discourse. The paper finally explores how some scholars have worked to attend directly to these dialectical features; and it presents five key issues that need to be addressed in a continued scholarly discussion.

Free classification of regional dialects of American English.

PubMed

Clopper, Cynthia G; Pisoni, David B

2007-07-01

Recent studies have found that naïve listeners perform poorly in forced-choice dialect categorization tasks. However, the listeners' error patterns in these tasks reveal systematic confusions between phonologically similar dialects. In the present study, a free classification procedure was used to measure the perceptual similarity structure of regional dialect variation in the United States. In two experiments, participants listened to a set of short English sentences produced by male talkers only (Experiment 1) and by male and female talkers (Experiment 2). The listeners were instructed to group the talkers by regional dialect into as many groups as they wanted with as many talkers in each group as they wished. Multidimensional scaling analyses of the data revealed three primary dimensions of perceptual similarity (linguistic markedness, geography, and gender). In addition, a comparison of the results obtained from the free classification task to previous results using the same stimulus materials in six-alternative forced-choice categorization tasks revealed that response biases in the six-alternative task were reduced or eliminated in the free classification task. Thus, the results obtained with the free classification task in the current study provided further evidence that the underlying structure of perceptual dialect category representations reflects important linguistic and sociolinguistic factors.

Learning challenges and sustainable development: A methodological perspective.

PubMed

Seppänen, Laura

2017-01-01

Sustainable development requires learning, but the contents of learning are often complex and ambiguous. This requires new integrated approaches from research. It is argued that investigation of people's learning challenges in every-day work is beneficial for research on sustainable development. The aim of the paper is to describe a research method for examining learning challenges in promoting sustainable development. This method is illustrated with a case example from organic vegetable farming in Finland. The method, based on Activity Theory, combines historical analysis with qualitative analysis of need expressions in discourse data. The method linking local and subjective need expressions with general historical analysis is a promising way to overcome the gap between the individual and society, so much needed in research for sustainable development. Dialectically informed historical frameworks have practical value as tools in collaborative negotiations and participatory designs for sustainable development. The simultaneous use of systemic and subjective perspectives allows researchers to manage the complexity of practical work activities and to avoid too simplistic presumptions about sustainable development.

A cooperative inquiry into action learning and praxis development in a community nursing module.

PubMed

Jenkins, Emrys R; Mabbett, Gaynor M; Surridge, Andrea G; Warring, Joanna; Gwynn, Elizabeth D

2009-09-01

As nurse lecturers we investigated practice development and action learning approaches aimed at enabling postregistration bachelor's- and master's-level nursing students (Community Health Studies, Nursing in the Home) to advance practice in the context of policy and professional developments. A patchwork text was used to assess summatively what students achieved (practice change/development) and how this was informed critically, via an extended epistemology. First-person inquiry supplemented by cooperative inquiry postcourse completion (including reflective discussions with 16 students and 16 practice mentors) were used to assist coresearcher constructions of meaning. A relational, tripartite approach to learning and assessment (students', teachers', and practice mentors' collective contributions) depends on continuing reflective attention. Action learning enhances interrelation of experience with dialectic thinking. The patchwork text functions to promote creative writing, evaluative thinking, and praxis development. Role modeling by all, being genuine and not just "talking" genuine, is challenging yet crucial if people are to function as mutual resources for learning.

Perceptual Learning of Speech under Optimal and Adverse Conditions

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xujin; Samuel, Arthur G.

2014-01-01

Humans have a remarkable ability to understand spoken language despite the large amount of variability in speech. Previous research has shown that listeners can use lexical information to guide their interpretation of atypical sounds in speech (Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 2003). This kind of lexically induced perceptual learning enables people to adjust to the variations in utterances due to talker-specific characteristics, such as individual identity and dialect. The current study investigated perceptual learning in two optimal conditions: conversational speech (Experiment 1) vs. clear speech (Experiment 2), and three adverse conditions: noise (Experiment 3a) vs. two cognitive loads (Experiments 4a & 4b). Perceptual learning occurred in the two optimal conditions and in the two cognitive load conditions, but not in the noise condition. Furthermore, perceptual learning occurred only in the first of two sessions for each participant, and only for atypical /s/ sounds and not for atypical /f/ sounds. This pattern of learning and non-learning reflects a balance between flexibility and stability that the speech system must have to deal with speech variability in the diverse conditions that speech is encountered. PMID:23815478

Health Information in Sudanese (Arabic dialect) (سودانية عربية)

MedlinePlus

... سودانية عربية (Sudanese (Arabic dialect)) MP3 Karen Chemical Dependency Taskforce of Minnesota How Beer and Alcohol Affect ... سودانية عربية (Sudanese (Arabic dialect)) MP3 Karen Chemical Dependency Taskforce of Minnesota Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse How ...

Types of Dialect Accommodation in First-Generation Contact between Adult Speakers of Mutually Intelligible but Regionally Different Varieties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, James

2011-01-01

This study reports on the linguistic behaviour of 39 university students from Moravia (in the east of the Czech Republic) living at a hall of residence in Prague, Bohemia (an area covering the west/central parts of the Czech Republic). In Bohemia, Moravian dialects and Standard Czech (SC)--an archaic and semi-artificial standard dialect that is…

A cogenerative inquiry using postcolonial theory to envisage culturally inclusive science education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adams, Jennifer; Luitel, Bal Chandra; Afonso, Emilia; Taylor, Peter Charles

2008-12-01

This forum constitutes a cogenerative inquiry using postcolonial theory drawn from the review paper by Zembylas and Avraamidou. Three teacher educators from African, Asian and Caribbean countries reflect on problems confronting their professional practices and consider the prospects of creating culturally inclusive science education. We learn that in Mozambique, Nepal and the Caribbean scientism patrols the borders of science education serving to exclude local epistemological beliefs and discourses and negating culturally contextualized teaching and learning. Despite the diverse cultural hybridities of these countries, science education is disconnected from the daily lives of the majority of their populations, serving inequitably the academic Western-oriented aspirations of an elite group who are "living hybridity but talking scientism." The discussants explore their autobiographies to reveal core cultural values and beliefs grounded in their non-Western traditions and worldviews but which are in conflict with the Western Modern Worldview (WMW) and thus have no legitimate role in the standard school/college science classroom. They reflect on their hybrid cultural identities and reveal the interplay of multiple selves grounded in both the WMW and non-WMWs and existing in a dialectical tension of managed contradiction in a Third Space. They argue for dialectical logic to illuminate a Third Space wherein students of science education may be empowered to challenge hegemonies of cultural reproduction and examine reflexively their own identities, coming to recognize and reconcile their core cultural beliefs with those of Western modern science, thereby dissipating otherwise strongly delineated cultural borders.

Language and the bicultural dialectical self.

PubMed

Boucher, Helen C; O'Dowd, Meghan C

2011-04-01

We examined the effect of language priming on naïve dialecticism, with special attention paid to effects on dialectical beliefs about the self. European Americans responding in English and bilingual Chinese responding in either Chinese or English completed several measures designed to tap dialectical thinking and dialectical self-perceptions, including tolerance of contradiction, change in thoughts and behavior over time and context, holistic beliefs, and self-concept inconsistency. As expected, those answering in Chinese reported greater dialecticism on most of these measures, relative to those responding in English. European American responses were highly similar to those of bilinguals responding in English. We discuss advantages of language priming and offer directions for future research.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Advancing Methods for Analyzing Dialect Variation.

PubMed

Clopper, Cynthia G

2017-07-01

Documenting and analyzing dialect variation is traditionally the domain of dialectology and sociolinguistics. However, modern approaches to acoustic analysis of dialect variation have their roots in Peterson and Barney's [(1952). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 175-184] foundational work on the acoustic analysis of vowels that was published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA) over 6 decades ago. Although Peterson and Barney (1952) were not primarily concerned with dialect variation, their methods laid the groundwork for the acoustic methods that are still used by scholars today to analyze vowel variation within and across languages. In more recent decades, a number of methodological advances in the study of vowel variation have been published in JASA, including work on acoustic vowel overlap and vowel normalization. The goal of this special issue was to honor that tradition by bringing together a set of papers describing the application of emerging acoustic, articulatory, and computational methods to the analysis of dialect variation in vowels and beyond.

Tooth Decay - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Cantonese dialect)) PDF California Dental Association Early Childhood Caries - English PDF Early Childhood Caries - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) PDF California Dental ...

Varicose Veins - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Arabic (العربية) Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Chinese, Traditional ( ... dialect) (繁體中文) French (français) Japanese (日本語) Modern Standard Arabic (Arabic dialect) (العربية الفصحى, عربي فصيح) Russian (Русский) ...

The Effect of Borders on the Linguistic Production and Perception of Regional Identity in Louisville, Kentucky

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cramer, Jennifer Suzanne

2010-01-01

A great deal of scholarly research has addressed the issue of dialect mapping in the United States. These studies, usually based on phonetic or lexical items, aim to present an overall picture of the dialect landscape. But what is often missing in these types of projects is an attention to the borders of a dialect region and to what kinds of…

Dialect and Cultural Contact, Shift and Maintenance among the Jordanians Living in Irbid City: A Sociolinguistic Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abushihab, Ibrahim

2015-01-01

The paper investigates the issue of dialect and cultural contact among Jordanians living in Irbid city in the north of Jordan. The objective of the paper is to find the extent of dialect and cultural shift and maintenance among them. The data are collected by means of interviews and observations. A sample of 100 participants has been selected on…

Free classification of regional dialects of American English

PubMed Central

Clopper, Cynthia G.; Pisoni, David B.

2011-01-01

Recent studies have found that naïve listeners perform poorly in forced-choice dialect categorization tasks. However, the listeners' error patterns in these tasks reveal systematic confusions between phonologically similar dialects. In the present study, a free classification procedure was used to measure the perceptual similarity structure of regional dialect variation in the United States. In two experiments, participants listened to a set of short English sentences produced by male talkers only (Experiment 1) and by male and female talkers (Experiment 2). The listeners were instructed to group the talkers by regional dialect into as many groups as they wanted with as many talkers in each group as they wished. Multidimensional scaling analyses of the data revealed three primary dimensions of perceptual similarity (linguistic markedness, geography, and gender). In addition, a comparison of the results obtained from the free classification task to previous results using the same stimulus materials in six-alternative forced-choice categorization tasks revealed that response biases in the six-alternative task were reduced or eliminated in the free classification task. Thus, the results obtained with the free classification task in the current study provided further evidence that the underlying structure of perceptual dialect category representations reflects important linguistic and sociolinguistic factors. PMID:21423862

Individual differences, cultural differences, and dialectic conflict description and resolution.

PubMed

Kim, Kyungil; Markman, Arthur B

2013-01-01

Previous research suggests that members of East Asian cultures show a greater preference for dialectical thinking than do Westerners. This paper attempts to account for these differences in cognition using individual difference variables that may explain variation in performance both within and across cultures. Especially, we propose that the abovementioned cultural differences are rooted in a greater fear of isolation (FOI) in East Asians than in Westerners. To support this hypothesis, in Experiment 1, we manipulated FOI in American participants before having them resolve two conflicts: an interpersonal conflict and a conflict between an individual and an institution. We found that the Americans among whom a high level of FOI had been induced were more likely to look for a dialectical resolution than those among whom a low level had been prompted. The relationship between conflict resolution and FOI was further investigated in Experiment 2, in which FOI was not manipulated. The results indicated that Koreans had higher chronic FOI on average than did the Americans. Compared to the Americans, the Koreans were more likely to resolve the interpersonal conflict dialectically, but did not show the same bias in resolving the person-institution conflict. The differences in the preference for dialectical resolution between FOI conditions in Experiment 1 and cultural groups in Experiment 2 were mediated by FOI. These findings bolster previous research on FOI in showing that chronic levels of FOI are positively related to both preference for dialectical sentences and sensitivity to context. They provide clearer insight into how differences in FOI affect attention and thereby higher-level reasoning such as dialectic description and conflict resolution.

A comparison of the speech patterns and dialect attitudes of Oklahoma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bakos, Jon

The lexical dialect usage of Oklahoma has been well-studied in the past by the Survey of Oklahoma Dialects, but the acoustic speech production of the state has received little attention. Apart from two people from Tulsa and two people from Oklahoma City that were interviewed for the Atlas of North American English, no other acoustic work has been performed within the state. This dissertation begins to fill in these gaps by presenting twelve respondents interviewed by the Research on Dialects of English in Oklahoma (RODEO) project. For each speaker, a brief biography is given, including some of their regional and speech attitudes of Oklahoma. Then acoustic data from a wordlist and reading task are presented and compared. Analysis will consider plots of each speaker's vowel system as a whole, and will also examine many environments in isolation. These environments were chosen for their likely presence in Oklahoma, and include such dialect features as the Southern Shift, the pin/pen merger, the caught/cot merger, monophthongization of the PRICE vowel, and neutralization of tense vowels before /l./ After considering each respondent separately, some of their results will be pooled together to give a preliminary sense of the state of dialect within Oklahoma. Demographic variables such as age, gender, and urban/rural upbringing will be related to speakers' attitudes and acoustic production. This will serve two goals - first, to compare modern-day production to the findings of previous scholars, and second, to suggest a dialect trajectory for the state that could be studied further in additional research.

Higher order thinking skills competencies required by outcomes-based education from learners.

PubMed

Chabeli, M M

2006-08-01

Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) brought about a significant paradigm shift in the education and training of learners in South Africa. OBE requires a shift from focusing on the teacher input (instruction offerings or syllabuses expressed in terms of content), to focusing on learner outcomes. OBE is moving away from 'transmission' models to constructivistic, learner-centered models that put emphasis on learning as an active process (Nieburh, 1996:30). Teachers act as facilitators and mediators of learning (Norms and Standards, Government Gazette vol 415, no 20844 of 2000). Facilitators are responsible to create the environment that is conducive for learners to construct their own knowledge, skills and values through interaction (Peters, 2000). The first critical cross-field outcome accepted by the South African Qualification Framework (SAQA) is that learners should be able to identify and solve problems by using critical and creative thinking skills. This paper seeks to explore some higher order thinking skills competencies required by OBE from learners such as critical thinking, reflective thinking, creative thinking, dialogic / dialectic thinking, decision making, problem solving and emotional intelligence and their implications in facilitating teaching and learning from the theoretical perspective. The philosophical underpinning of these higher order thinking skills is described to give direction to the study. It is recommended that a study focusing on the assessment of these intellectual concepts be made. The study may be qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods in nature (Creswell 2005).

A Prototype of a Receptive Lexical Test for a Polysynthetic Heritage Language: The Case of Inuttitut in Labrador

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sherkina-Lieber, Marina; Helms-Park, Rena

2015-01-01

This paper describes the process of designing, administering, and assessing a language-sensitive and culture-specific lexical test of Labrador Inuttitut (a dialect of Inuktitut, an Eskimo-Aleut language). This process presented numerous challenges, from choosing citation forms in a polysynthetic language to dealing with a lack of word frequency…

The Dialectical Utility of Heuristic Processing in Outdoor Adventure Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zajchowski, Chris A. B.; Brownlee, Matthew T. J.; Furman, Nate N.

2016-01-01

Heuristics--cognitive shortcuts used in decision-making events--have been paradoxically praised for their contribution to decision-making efficiency and prosecuted for their contribution to decision-making error (Gigerenzer & Gaissmaier, 2011; Gigerenzer, Todd, & ABC Research Group, 1999; Kahneman, 2011; Kahneman, Slovic, & Tversky,…

Radiation Exposure - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Rays) - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) PDF California Dental Association Nuclear or Radiation Emergencies - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) Bilingual PDF ...

An Application of Retroduction to Analyzing and Testing the Backing off of Nuts and Bolts During Dynamic Loading

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerley, James J.

1987-01-01

The method of retroduction, adapted from the doctoral thesis of Dr. A. Croce, relies on a process of dialectic questioning that begins with the information sought, proceeds to Given items (either in the form of dimensions or limits of research). and to Known mathematical forms of analysis in design or to principles of study in research. Finally, analysis and synthesis are used to abstract the dielectic questions and to arrive at the information desired. This method is used to solve the engineering design problem of a beam and to determine why bolts and nuts vibrate apart. Both mathematical analysis and dialectic logical analysis are utilized. Results are provided of tests conducted to check the retroductive study of why and how nuts back off.

Orthodontia - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... window. Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Orthodontics: Braces ... for me? - English PDF Orthodontics: Braces ... for me? - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) ...

Dialect Distance Assessment Based on 2-Dimensional Pitch Slope Features and Kullback Leibler Divergence

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-08

to changes on input data is quantified. It is also shown in a perceptive evaluation that the presented objective approach of dialect distance...of Arabic dialects are discussed. We also show the repeatability of presented mea- sure, and its correlation with human perception . Conclusions are...in the strict sense of metric spaces. PREPRINT 1 2. Proposed Method Human perception tests indicate that prosodic cues, including pitch movements

Dialectical theory and the study of HIV/AIDS and other epidemics

PubMed Central

Rossi, Diana

2011-01-01

Epidemics have been important in human history. This article discusses epidemics as part of a metabolic dialectics of humanity within nature. The creative thoughts and actions of those people most threatened by HIV/AIDS, and the thoughts and actions of science, have shaped both each other and the virus. The virus has reacted through mutation in ways that mimic strategic intelligence. The dialectics of capital and states has shaped these interactions and, in some cases, been shaped by them. Practical action to minimize the harms epidemics do can be strengthened by understanding of these epidemics, and Marxist theory and practices can be strengthened by understanding the dialectics of public health and the struggles around it more fully. PMID:23894218

Child Dental Health - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Early Childhood Caries - English PDF Early Childhood Caries - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) PDF California Dental ...

Structural and Dialectal Characteristics of the Fictional and Personal Narratives of School-age African American Children

PubMed Central

Mills, Monique T.; Watkins, Ruth V.; Washington, Julie A.

2014-01-01

Purpose To report preliminary comparisons of developing structural characteristics associated with fictional and personal narratives in school-age African American children. Method Forty-three children, grades two through five, generated a fictional and a personal narrative in response to a wordless-book elicitation task and a story-prompt task, respectively. Narratives produced in these two contexts were characterized for macrostructure, microstructure, and dialect density. Differences across narrative type and grade level were examined. Results Statistically significant differences between the two types of narratives were found for both macrostructure and microstructure but not for dialect density. There were no grade-related differences in macrostructure, microstructure, or dialect density. Conclusion The results demonstrate the complementary role of fictional and personal narratives for describing young children's narrative skills. Use of both types of narrative tasks and descriptions of both macrostructure and macrostructure may be particularly useful for characterizing the narrative abilities of young school-age African American children, for whom culture-fair methods are scarce. Further study of additional dialect groups is warranted. PMID:23633645

The Liberating Teaching Methods of the Brazilian Paulo Freire and Hypertext.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gomez-Martinez, Jose Luis

2003-01-01

Exemplifies, through the pedagogical theories put forth by Paulo Freire in his book "Pedagogia del oprimado" (teaching the oppressed) and along with the potentials of hypertext, the intimate relationship between socio-cultural forces and the technical responses emerging from the dialectic process between them. (AS)

Dynamic Assessment: The Dialectic Integration of Instruction and Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lantolf, James P.

2009-01-01

This presentation is situated within the general framework of Vygotsky's educational theory, which argues that development in formal educational activity is a fundamentally different process from development that occurs in the everyday world. A cornerstone of Vygotsky's theory is that to be successful education must be sensitive to learners' zone…

Inhibition and Language Pragmatic View in Redundant Data Problem Solving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Setti, Annalisa; Caramelli, Nicoletta

2007-01-01

The present study concerns redundant data problems, defined as problems in which irrelevant data is provided. This type of problem provides a misleading context [Pascual-Leone, J. (1987). Organismic process for neo-Piagetian theories: A dialectical causal account of cognitive development. "International Journal of Psychology," 22, 531-570] similar…

Interlingual and Interdialectal Borrowings in Chinese.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chao, Y.R.

The processes involved in "borrowing" words and structures between languages and among dialects are discussed and illustrated. Interlingual borrowings between Chinese and other languages have taken place in several different ways. Sometimes the sounds of the foreign word are imitated using the sounds of the borrowing language ("leidar" for 'radar'…

Exploring the Value of Academic Librarians' Participation in Journal Clubs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fitzgibbons, Megan; Kloda, Lorie; Miller-Nesbitt, Andrea

2017-01-01

Journal clubs are meetings where participants engage in discussion or appraisal of professional literature and research. This study investigates the perceived value of librarians' participation in journal clubs. Using a hermeneutic dialectic process, we built a construction of the value of journal club participation based on interviews with…

Schooling and Bilingualization in a Highland Guatemalan Community.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richards, Julia Becker

To examine the process of language shift (bilingualization) in an area where there is a local dialect equivalent to a "language of solidarity" and a national language equivalent to a "language of power," language interactions in the impoverished village of San Marcos in the highlands of Guatemala were examined. Although Spanish…

Medical technology integration: CT, angiography, imaging-capable OR-table, navigation and robotics in a multifunctional sterile suite.

PubMed

Jacob, A L; Regazzoni, P; Bilecen, D; Rasmus, M; Huegli, R W; Messmer, P

2007-01-01

Technology integration is an enabling technological prerequisite to achieve a major breakthrough in sophisticated intra-operative imaging, navigation and robotics in minimally invasive and/or emergency diagnosis and therapy. Without a high degree of integration and reliability comparable to that achieved in the aircraft industry image guidance in its different facets will not ultimately succeed. As of today technology integration in the field of image-guidance is close to nonexistent. Technology integration requires inter-departmental integration of human and financial resources and of medical processes in a dialectic way. This expanded techno-socio-economic integration has profound consequences for the administration and working conditions in hospitals. At the university hospital of Basel, Switzerland, a multimodality multifunction sterile suite was put into operation after a substantial pre-run. We report the lessons learned during our venture into the world of medical technology integration and describe new possibilities for similar integration projects in the future.

How to work with dreams in psychodrama: developmental therapy from an existential-dialectical viewpoint.

PubMed

Verhofstadt-Denève, L M

1995-07-01

As Moreno has shown, the method of psychodrama can be effectively used to work on dreams. The first part of this article describes the theoretical framework. Special reference is made to a personality model based on self-reflection in relation to dialectic processes, existential questions, self-evaluations, and personality development. The theoretical introduction is followed by a description of the basic elements, techniques, and stages associated with classic psychodrama and psychodramatic dream work. After situating this approach in the wider context of dream analysis in the field of group therapy, the different stages of the working model are illustrated by means of a "dream session" conducted with an adolescent therapy group. Finally the session is analyzed from the perspective of a number of basic Morenian tenets and from the point of view of developmental therapy.

Accommodating Variation: Dialects, Idiolects, and Speech Processing

PubMed Central

Kraljic, Tanya; Brennan, Susan E.; Samuel, Arthur G.

2008-01-01

Listeners are faced with enormous variation in pronunciation, yet they rarely have difficulty understanding speech. Although much research has been devoted to figuring out how listeners deal with variability, virtually none (outside of sociolinguistics) has focused on the source of the variation itself. The current experiments explore whether different kinds of variation lead to different cognitive and behavioral adjustments. Specifically, we compare adjustments to the same acoustic consequence when it is due to context-independent variation (resulting from articulatory properties unique to a speaker) versus context-conditioned variation (resulting from common articulatory properties of speakers who share a dialect). The contrasting results for these two cases show that the source of a particular acoustic-phonetic variation affects how that variation is handled by the perceptual system. We also show that changes in perceptual representations do not necessarily lead to changes in production. PMID:17803986

Accommodating variation: dialects, idiolects, and speech processing.

PubMed

Kraljic, Tanya; Brennan, Susan E; Samuel, Arthur G

2008-04-01

Listeners are faced with enormous variation in pronunciation, yet they rarely have difficulty understanding speech. Although much research has been devoted to figuring out how listeners deal with variability, virtually none (outside of sociolinguistics) has focused on the source of the variation itself. The current experiments explore whether different kinds of variation lead to different cognitive and behavioral adjustments. Specifically, we compare adjustments to the same acoustic consequence when it is due to context-independent variation (resulting from articulatory properties unique to a speaker) versus context-conditioned variation (resulting from common articulatory properties of speakers who share a dialect). The contrasting results for these two cases show that the source of a particular acoustic-phonetic variation affects how that variation is handled by the perceptual system. We also show that changes in perceptual representations do not necessarily lead to changes in production.

Adding Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research to Health Intervention Studies: Interacting With Differences.

PubMed

Johnson, R Burke; Schoonenboom, Judith

2016-04-01

The purpose of this article is to explain how to improve intervention designs, such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in health science research using a process philosophy and theory known as dialectical pluralism (DP). DP views reality as plural and uses dialectical, dialogical, and hermeneutical approaches to knowledge construction. Using DP and its "both/and" logic, and its attempt to produce new creative syntheses, researchers on heterogeneous teams can better dialogue with qualitative and mixed methods approaches, concepts, paradigms, methodologies, and methods to improve their intervention research studies. The concept of reflexivity is utilized but is expanded when it is a component of DP. Examples of strategies for identifying, inviting, and creating divergence and integrative strategies for producing strong mixed methods intervention studies are provided and illustrated using real-life examples. © The Author(s) 2015.

Silencing of voices in a Swedish science classroom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramos de Robles, S. Lizette

2018-03-01

From a sociocultural perspective, I discuss data from a Swedish science classroom presented in María Gómez's article "Student Explanations of their Science Teachers' Assessments, Grading Practices, and How they learn Science". In this discussion, I focus on the need to change existing conceptions of assessment in the teaching and learning of science. Next, I talk about the importance of taking into consideration the dialectic between agency and passivity as filters in order to understand what student silence may signify in science classes as well as in relation to their perceptions of assessment. I conclude with the importance of the teacher's role in developing formative assessment, along with the challenges in developing assessments which transform science education into a relevant field of knowledge for both students and society at large.

[Health community agent: subject of the buccal health practice in Alagoinhas, Bahia state].

PubMed

Rodrigues, Ana Aurea Alécio de Oliveira; Santos, Adriano Maia Dos; Assis, Marluce Maria Araújo

2010-05-01

This study about the work of micro politics was carried out by the Buccal Health Team (ESB) in the Family Health Program (PSF) of Alagoinhas, Bahia State, and has as central theoretical purpose the specific and singular forms in the practice of daily work, using the technologies (hard, light-hard and light). The methodological trajectory is based on the historical-social current in view of a dialectic approach of qualitative nature. The techniques of data collection used were: semi structured interview, observation of the work process and documental analysis. The analysis of the data was oriented by the hermeneutics-dialectics, allowing to compare the different levels of analysis, articulating the theoretical with the empirical evidence. The results reveal that the Family Health Teams are multidisciplinary, but have still not developed an interdisciplinary work, hence occurring juxtaposition of skills. Each unit plans their work process according to the singularities of the social subjects, implementing different characteristics in how to welcome, inform, attend and refer. An effort in changing the work process can be perceived in the perspective of amplified clinic with the health community agent standing out as a social/collective subject.

Genetic control of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) dance language: segregating dance forms in a backcrossed colony.

PubMed

Johnson, R N; Oldroyd, B P; Barron, A B; Crozier, R H

2002-01-01

We studied the genetic control of the dance dialects that exist in the different subspecies of honey bees (Apis mellifera) by observing the variation in dance form observed in a backcross between two lines that showed widely different dance dialects. To do this we generated the reciprocal of the cross performed by Rinderer and Beaman (1995), thus producing phenotypic segregation of dance forms within a single colony rather than between colonies. Our results are consistent with Rinderer and Beaman (1995) in that inheritance of the transition point from round dancing --> waggle dancing is consistent with control by a single locus with more than one allele. That is, we found one dance type to be dominant in the F(1), and observed a 1:1 segregation of dance in a backcross involving the F(1) and the recessive parent. However, we found some minor differences in dance dialect inheritance, with the most significant being an apparent reversal of dominance between our cross (for us "black" is the dominant dialect) and that of Rinderer and Beaman (1995) (they report "yellow" to be the dominant dialect). We also found that our black bees do not perform a distinct sickle dance, whereas the black bees used by Rinderer and Beaman (1995) did perform such a dance. However, our difference in dominance need not contradict the results of Rinderer and Beaman (1995), as there is no evidence that body color and dominance for dance dialect are linked.

The Grim Reaper, Hounds of Hell, and Dr. Death: The Role of Storytelling for Palliative Care in Competing Medical Meaning Systems.

PubMed

Omilion-Hodges, Leah M; Swords, Nathan M

2017-10-01

Palliative care (PC) is a medical specialty that strives to fulfill the physical, psychosocial, emotional, practical, and spiritual needs of individuals at end of life or in tandem with curative treatment. Although exponentially rising in use and beneficial to patient well-being at end of life, the purpose of PC is often misunderstood and those providing its services frequently report resistance from organizational members. Such resistance can be attributed to tensions between traditional biomedical models of medicine that privilege curative treatment and biosocial models of medicine that holistically care for patients. Thus, this study addresses what tensions PC providers experience in their institutions and what communicative strategies they use at the interpersonal level in managing those tensions. Using structuration theory in tandem with relational dialectics theory, we inductively analyzed semistructured interviews with 24 Circle of Life award-winning PC providers. Findings indicate two dialectics experienced by PC providers in their institutions: the living-dying dialectic and the practicing-advocating dialectic. We conclude that these interpersonal dialectics emerge through interaction in competing medical meaning systems and found that storytelling was a particularly salient form of communication that participants used for management.

Diversity and Community: The Role of Agent-Based Modeling.

PubMed

Stivala, Alex

2017-06-01

Community psychology involves several dialectics between potentially opposing ideals, such as theory and practice, rights and needs, and respect for human diversity and sense of community. Some recent papers in the American Journal of Community Psychology have examined the diversity-community dialectic, some with the aid of agent-based modeling and concepts from network science. This paper further elucidates these concepts and suggests that research in community psychology can benefit from a useful dialectic between agent-based modeling and the real-world concerns of community psychology. © Society for Community Research and Action 2017.

Health Information in Modern Standard Arabic (Arabic dialect) (العربية الفصحى, عربي فصيح)

MedlinePlus

... Standard Arabic (Arabic dialect)) MP4 Healthy Roads Media Tornadoes - English MP3 Tornadoes - العربية الفصحى, عربي فصيح (Modern Standard Arabic (Arabic dialect)) MP3 Tornadoes - English MP4 Tornadoes - العربية الفصحى, عربي فصيح (Modern ...

Short-Term Exposure to One Dialect Affects Processing of Another

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hay, Jen; Drager, Katie; Warren, Paul

2010-01-01

It is well established that speakers accommodate in speech production. Recent work has shown a similar effect in perception--speech perception is affected by a listener's beliefs about the speaker. In this paper, we explore the consequences of such perceptual accommodation for experiments in speech perception and lexical access. Our interest is…

Peer Influence on Gender Identity Development in Adolescence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kornienko, Olga; Santos, Carlos E.; Martin, Carol Lynn; Granger, Kristen L.

2016-01-01

During adolescence, gender identity (GI) develops through a dialectic process of personal reflection and with input from the social environment. Peers play an important role in the socialization of gendered behavior, but no studies to-date have assessed peer influences on GI. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine peer influences on…

Who Fits? A Dialog on the Politics of "Doing-Being" a Scholar

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tooms, Autumn; English, Fenwick

2010-01-01

This chapter is based on heuristic research and phenomenology which honors the dialectic of personal narratives as a way to process and understand the politics of change centered on hegemony, discourse, and cultural plurality. This methodology utilizes personal narrative and dialog as way to consider the importance of reflecting on individual…

Tenure Tensions: Out in the Enchanted Forest

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyler, Jo A.

2010-01-01

The tenure track in higher education represents a path shrouded in a fair degree of mystery. This essay provides the perspective of a middle-aged, second-career tenure track faculty member on the vagaries of progressing down the track as an out lesbian. Three dialectics that build tension into the process--covering-creating, evaluation-liberation,…

Cry, Baby, Cry: A Dialogic Response to Emotion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, E. Jayne

2013-01-01

This article challenges traditional approaches to emotion as a discreet biological or dialectic process in the early years. In doing so the proposition is made that emotion is an answerable social act of meaning-making and self-hood. Inspired by Bakhtinian philosophy, which resists separating emotion from cognition or the individual from their…

Staging "Swissness": Inter- and Intracultural Theatre Translation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkinson, Jane

2005-01-01

This paper examines the choice to translate plays from "Hochdeutsch" (the standard form of the German language) into local dialect in German-speaking Switzerland. It first looks at the creative process of translating for the amateur stage and then at the reasons behind the choice to translate. It argues that this choice reflects a desire…

Of Human Bodies in Scientific Communication and Enculturation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hwang, SungWon; Roth, Wolff-Michael

2008-01-01

How do students become enculturated and come to enact culture in ways that are new to them? This study probes the dialectical processes of enculturation, the central aspect of which is the role of human bodies in communication. For students, as for any individual, culture exists in terms of action possibilities that presuppose their…

A Methodology in the Teaching Process of Calculus and Its Motivation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vasquez-Martinez, Claudio-Rafael

The development of calculus and science by being permanent, didactic, demands on one part an analytical, deductive study and on another an application of methods, rhochrematics, resources, within calculus, which allows to dialectically conform knowledge in its different phases and to test the results. For the purpose of this study, the motivation…

Adolescent Room Culture: Studying Media in the Context of Everyday Life.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steele, Jeanne R.; Brown, Jane D.

1995-01-01

The Adolescents' Media Practice Model is proposed and discussed. The model emphasizes a dialectical process in which the media are important cultural agents with influence on audiences that is amplified and restrained by individuals who interact with the media from their own positions. The model is grounded in "room culture." (SLD)

Interpersonal Relatedness and Self-Definition in Normal and Disrupted Personality Development: Retrospect and Prospect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luyten, Patrick; Blatt, Sidney J.

2013-01-01

Two-polarities models of personality propose that personality development evolves through a dialectic synergistic interaction between two fundamental developmental psychological processes across the life span--the development of interpersonal relatedness on the one hand and of self-definition on the other. This article offers a broad review of…

Perceptual learning of speech under optimal and adverse conditions.

PubMed

Zhang, Xujin; Samuel, Arthur G

2014-02-01

Humans have a remarkable ability to understand spoken language despite the large amount of variability in speech. Previous research has shown that listeners can use lexical information to guide their interpretation of atypical sounds in speech (Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 2003). This kind of lexically induced perceptual learning enables people to adjust to the variations in utterances due to talker-specific characteristics, such as individual identity and dialect. The current study investigated perceptual learning in two optimal conditions: conversational speech (Experiment 1) versus clear speech (Experiment 2), and three adverse conditions: noise (Experiment 3a) versus two cognitive loads (Experiments 4a and 4b). Perceptual learning occurred in the two optimal conditions and in the two cognitive load conditions, but not in the noise condition. Furthermore, perceptual learning occurred only in the first of two sessions for each participant, and only for atypical /s/ sounds and not for atypical /f/ sounds. This pattern of learning and nonlearning reflects a balance between flexibility and stability that the speech system must have to deal with speech variability in the diverse conditions that speech is encountered. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.

Identification and its vicissitudes.

PubMed

Etchegoyen, R H

1985-01-01

This paper attempts to understand the vicissitudes of identification within the co-ordinates of narcissism and the object relation. Firstly the dialectic pair primary identification/secondary identification are studied, and primary narcissism is suggested as the hypothesis which best explains them. The complex identification processes in the primary scene are considered next and the importance of the introjection of the oedipal parents for the formation of the superego is underlined. The importance of the structuring function of the introjection and projection mechanisms becomes embodied in the concept of projective identification, which comes to question the postulate of primary narcissism. The theory of projective-introjective identification is an extremely powerful instrument for explaining phenomena, however it obliges one to accept that the first introjections are radically different from the others. They have nothing to do with mourning but rather with primitive mechanisms which question the subject/object polarity and, so this author believes, spring basically from envy. Lastly, it is maintained that envy and libido are factors of a dialectic from which the object relation and the earliest processes of identification, previous to the Oedipus complex, proceed at one and the same time.

The social construction of communication climate: An analysis of at-risk students in alternative high school

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Souza, Tasha Jean

1998-12-01

Alternative high schools affect more potential high school dropouts than any other school or program and are designed to meet the needs of students who have had difficulty in conventional schools. This study examines the communication climate and constructions of caring in an alternative school for at-risk students by using a qualitative analysis grounded in the theoretical perspective of social constructionism. Observations and interviews were conducted over a six month time period. The first two chapters provide a review of literature and a detailed account of the methods used to conduct the study. Chapter Three describes the socially constructed nature of the school and the participants and the dialectical tensions of communication climate revealed from the analysis. The six dialectical tensions of communication climate are: (1) freedom/restraint, (2) disengagement/engagement, (3) personal communication/impersonal communication, (4) disconfirmation/confirmation, (5) equality/inequality, and (6) ambiguity/clarity. Although the school climate is comprised of each of these tensions, the data suggest that the interaction within the majority of classes created some common characteristics of the general communication climate at the school and can be characterized as one of freedom, disengagement, personal communication, disconfirmation, equality, and ambiguity. Chapter Four describes how caring was constructed and communicated. Although some students perceived some teachers as caring about students and about student learning, half of the students interviewed thought they were not learning or not learning much. Finally, Chapter Five provides a summary of the findings and a discussion of the results. The results of this study contribute to an understanding of the social construction of communication climate and caring in general, and within an alternative school for at-risk students, in specific. The results contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the jointly produced nature of communication climate and reveal the potential effect of communication climate and constructions of caring on teachers' instructional methods, teacher and student interaction, and student learning. Such information can aid pragmatically in the development or modification of programs designed to serve at-risk students, and theoretically in the understanding of the co-constructed nature of communication climate.

Cultural influences on science museum practices: A case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duensing, Sally Jeanne

This dissertation looks at how informal science museums and centers both reflect and create the cultural contexts in which they are embedded. Specifically, it explores the multiple cultural perspectives held by the staff of the Yapollo Science Center in Trinidad, West Indies. This study focuses on how these perspectives impact the science center's sense of mission, design of educational programs, and development of exhibits. The findings in this case study have implications for other science museums and learning environments. Through the conduct and analysis of interviews, group meetings and on-site observations, this study found that there are several cultural domains in which staff perspectives of museum practice are situated. These include the local popular Trinidadian culture, the formal school system, and international science center community practices. For example, learning in the science center is seen by Yapollo staff as a social endeavor, more than an individual act. There is an emphasis on group engagement and social learning processes in exhibit design and teaching programs. The impact of local culture is further evidenced by Trinidadian practices of social learning and social competition in steel pan learning and calypso competition. These practices inform images of learning at Yapollo. The study highlights the role of formal educational systems by discussing how staff's informal educational approaches have resulted in a dialectic with the local formal British based school system practices. The study also explores the ways staff have adapted exhibit and program ideas from the international science museum. The synthesis of these cultures creates its own cultural ways of thinking and practice about exhibits and pedagogy that form the shared common wisdom at Yapollo. Museum practice, in this context, is viewed as a culture shaping enterprise that is itself shaped by culture. It demonstrates that teaching and learning practices occur in, and can be reflected upon, in multiple cultural contexts. The findings of this study have implications for many other areas of sociocultural and educational research.

“Everybody sounds the same”: Otherwise Overlooked Ideology in Perceptual Dialectolgy

PubMed Central

Evans, Betsy E.

2014-01-01

When analyzing dialectology survey data, researchers usually exclude respondents who do not complete the survey as directed. It is argued here that such “unusable” responses can be considered “outlier” data and analyzed rather than be excluded, allowing otherwise overlooked language ideologies to emerge. Responses to a perceptual dialectology map survey in which 31 of the 229 respondents wrote comments on a map of Washington state, without drawing lines around perceived dialect areas as instructed, are described to illustrate this point. In the present data, ideologies such as the homogeneity of dialects and the importance of an urban/rural dichotomy surfaced. These themes are examined in terms outlined by Judith Irvine and Susan Gal in their discussion of how ideological processes are evident in language data. In addition, methodological issues regarding the presuppositions and orientation of respondents to the questionnaire itself are raised. PMID:25859054

The Role of the Individual in the Social Information Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuchs, Christian

2003-03-01

The aim of this paper is to point out which role the individual plays in the generation of information in social systems. First, it is argued that the individual is a social, self-conscious, creative, reflective, cultural, symbol- and language-using, active natural, producing, labouring, objective, corporeal, living, real, sensuous, visionary, imaginative, designing, co-operative being that makes its own history and can strive towards freedom and autonomy. Based on these assumptions the re-creation/self-organisation of social systems is described as a dialectic of actions and social structures and as a dialectic of individual information and social information. The individual enters economic, political and cultural relationships that result in the emergence and differentiation of social (i.e. economic, political and cultural) information which enables and constrains individual actions and thinking. Individuals as actors in social systems are indispensable for social self-organisation.

Global ethics and principlism.

PubMed

Gordon, John-Stewart

2011-09-01

This article examines the special relation between common morality and particular moralities in the four-principles approach and its use for global ethics. It is argued that the special dialectical relation between common morality and particular moralities is the key to bridging the gap between ethical universalism and relativism. The four-principles approach is a good model for a global bioethics by virtue of its ability to mediate successfully between universal demands and cultural diversity. The principle of autonomy (i.e., the idea of individual informed consent), however, does need to be revised so as to make it compatible with alternatives such as family- or community-informed consent. The upshot is that the contribution of the four-principles approach to global ethics lies in the so-called dialectical process and its power to deal with cross-cultural issues against the background of universal demands by joining them together.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) as an Emergent System: A Dynamic Systems Theory Perspective.

PubMed

Karimi-Aghdam, Saeed

2017-03-01

This paper sets out to present a novel construal of one of the notions of Vygotskian cultural-historical theory viz., zone of proximal development (ZPD) drawing upon dynamic systems theory. The principal thesis maintains that ZDP is an emergent and dynamic system which is engendered by a dialectical concatenation of psychogenesic and sociogenesic facets of human development over time. It is reasoned that Vygotskian cultural-historical theory of human development, by invoking dialectical logic, has transcended Cartesian substance dualism and in turn has proffered a monistic and process-anchored ontology for emerging becoming of human consciousness. Likewise, it is contended that dynamic systems theory, having assumed fluent flux of reality with a capital R as its ontological axiom, entails a consilience of cognitive and contextual conceptual schemes to describe, explain, and optimize human development. The paper concludes by drawing some interpretive conclusions in regard to ZPD from dynamic systems theory perspective.

Cervical Cancer - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Excision Procedure) - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section LEEP ( ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations French (français) Expand Section LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision ...

Dialectics, Dialogics and Other Ways of Reading Us

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weinstein, Matthew; Broda, Matthew

2009-01-01

In this response to Reis's and Zuss's responses to our meditation on the grotesque, we attempt to draw distinctions between positivist, empiricist, and realist (including grotesque realist) projects. We also, drawing on Bakhtin, consider the difference between dialogic and dialectic commentary.

Dialectics, dialogics and other ways of reading us

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weinstein, Matthew; Broda, Matthew

2009-12-01

In this response to Reis's and Zuss's responses to our meditation on the grotesque, we attempt to draw distinctions between positivist, empiricist, and realist (including grotesque realist) projects. We also, drawing on Bakhtin, consider the difference between dialogic and dialectic commentary.

Problemes theoriques et methodologiques dans l'etude des langues/dialectes en contact aux niveaux macrologique et micrologique = Theoretical and Methodological Issues in the Study of Languages/Dialects in Contact at Macro- and Micro-Logical Levels of Analysis. Proceedings of the International Conference DALE (University of London)/ICRB (Laval University, Quebec)/ICSBT (Vrije Universiteit te Brussel) (London, England, May 23-26, 1985).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanc, Michel, Ed.; Hamers, Josiane F., Ed.

Papers from an international conference on the interaction of languages and dialects in contact are presented in this volume. Papers include: "Quelques reflexions sur la variation linguistique"; "The Investigation of 'Language Continuum' and 'Diglossia': A Macrological Case Study and Theoretical Model"; "A Survey of…

Dialectic and science: Galen, Herophilus and Aristotle on phenomena.

PubMed

Tieleman, T

1995-01-01

This paper examines the nature of Galen's argument in the De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis, books 2-3, concerned with the location of the psychic functions within the body. To this question Galen applies a coherent set of methodological principles, integrating Aristotelian dialectic and scientific demonstration based on anatomical experiments. Galen disagrees with Aristotle in that he relegates the endoxa from the realm of dialectic to that of rhetoric. His attitude is marked by a distinctive emphasis on perceptible phenomena as the starting point for scientific inquiry. This and other features can be traced back to the Hellenistic scientist Herophilus.

Ideas on the emergence of life by a quantity-to-quality transition of the abiotic matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolb, Vera M.

2005-09-01

We review and re-examine the idea that life emerged by a quantity-to-quality transition of the abiotic matter. This idea was originally proposed by the dialectical materialists, who are the proponents of the materialistic approach to the Hegel's laws of dialectics. We propose in this paper that the universal feature of the quantity-to-quality transitions is a change in the organization of the system. We also discuss Jean-Paul Sartre's view on the application of the laws of dialectics to the nature and to the origins of life.

Children’s Marking of Verbal –s by Nonmainstream English Dialect and Clinical Status

PubMed Central

Cleveland, Lesli H.; Oetting, Janna B.

2015-01-01

Purpose Children’s marking of verbal –s was examined by their dialect (African American English [AAE] vs. Southern White English [SWE]) and clinical status (specific language impairment [SLI] vs. typically developing [TD]) and as a function of 4 linguistic variables (verb regularity, negation, expression of a habitual activity, and expression of historical present tense). Method The data were language samples from 57 six-year-olds who varied by their dialect and clinical status (AAE: SLI = 14, TD = 12; SWE: SLI = 12, TD = 19). Results The AAE groups produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE groups, and the SWE SLI group produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE TD group. Although low numbers of verb contexts made it difficult to evaluate the linguistic variables, there was evidence of their influence, especially for verb regularity and negation. The direction and magnitude of the effects were often (but not always) consistent with what has been described in the adult dialect literature. Conclusion Verbal –s can be used to help distinguish children with and without SLI in SWE but not in AAE. Clinicians can apply these findings to other varieties of AAE and SWE and other dialects by considering rates of marking and the effects of linguistic variables on marking. PMID:23813205

Emirati Women's Higher Educational Leadership Formation under Globalisation: Culture, Religion, Politics, and the Dialectics of Modernisation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Samier, Eugenie

2015-01-01

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a small state transitioning from traditional communities into a modern society. This is a complex process: it involves instilling a national identity over tribal structures; modernising and technologising while retaining Islam; ensuring a high level of security while allowing for a liberal and relatively free…

Visual Dialect: Ethnovisual and Sociovisual Elements of Design in Public Service Communication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schiffman, Carole B.

Graphic design is a form of communication by which visual messages are conveyed to a viewer. Audience needs and views must steer the design process when constructing public service visual messages. Well-educated people may be better able to comprehend visuals which require some level of interpretation or extend beyond their world view. Public…

A Framework for Conducting Critical Dialectical Pluralist Focus Group Discussions Using Mixed Research Techniques

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.; Frels, Rebecca K.

2015-01-01

Although focus group discussions (FGDs) represent a popular data collection tool for researchers, they contain an extremely serious flaw: FGD researchers have ultimate power over all decisions made at every stage of the research process--from the conceptualization of the research, to the planning of the research study, to the implementation of the…

Remembering Places: Student Reliance on Place in Timed Essays

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Donna

2009-01-01

This is the story of a research journey that follows the trail of a novel evaluand--"place." I examine place as mentioned by rising juniors in timed exams. Using a hybridized methodology--the qualitative approach of a hermeneutic dialectic process as described by Guba and Lincoln (1989), and the quantitative evidence of place mention--I query…

Complementizer Agreement in Modern Varieties of West Germanic: A Model of Reanalysis and Renewal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bousquette, Joshua

2013-01-01

This dissertation provides a comparative analysis of Complementizer Agreement (C-agr) in modern dialects of West Germanic from a diachronic perspective, attributing the rise and development of C-agr to the initiation and progression of a Linguistic Cycle specific to C-agr. Approached as a historical process of reanalysis and compensatory renewal…

THE PHONEMES OF OKINAWAN.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LUELSDORFF, PHILIP A.

THE LANGUAGES OF OKINAWAN MAY BE DIVIDED INTO THREE MUTUALLY UNINTELLIGIBLE REGIONAL DIALECTS, CORRESPONDING GEOGRAPHICALLY TO THE THREE GROUPS OF ISLANDS OF THE RYUUKYUU ARCHIPELAGO. AS REPRESENTATIVE MODEL OF THE REGIONAL DIALECTS, AGENA-GUCHI IS ANALYZED WITH RESPECT TO PHONEMIC SYSTEMS, OKINAWAN MORPHOPHONEMICS, AND OKINAWAN SYLLABLE STRUCTURE…

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary with Aleut Cognates.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fortescue, Michael, Ed.; And Others

This dictionary covers 10 Eskimo dialects (Alutiiq, Central Alaskan Yupik, Naukan, Central Siberian Yupik, Sirenik, Seward Peninsula Inuit, North Alaskan Inuit, Western Canadian Inuit, Eastern Canadian Inuit, Greenlandic Inuit). An introductory section details the classification of languages and dialects and their phonologies, and discusses the…

Health Checkup - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Medical Care - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Getting ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations French (français) Expand Section Getting Medical Care - français ( ...

Allergy - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Section Allergies - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Allergies - ... Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF ... Health Information Translations French (français) Expand Section Allergies - français (French) Bilingual ...

Adapting Dialectical Behavior Therapy for College Counseling Centers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chugani, Carla D.

2017-01-01

College counseling centers report increased student presentation with severe psychological issues (Gallagher, 2012). Although dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has demonstrated efficacy with multiple clinical populations, standard model DBT is not feasible for many traditional college counseling centers. This article describes the iterative…

Dialectical Disorientation in Vietnam War Films: Subversion of the Mythology of War.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rasmussen, Karen; Downey, Sharon D.

1991-01-01

Examines the dynamics of "dialectical disorientation," a rhetorical form that creates ambiguity through confrontation between competitive but complementary orientations. Applies the form to the Vietnam War movies "The Deer Hunter,""Apocalypse Now,""Platoon," and "Full Metal Jacket." Observes that…

A Dialectical Analysis of Organizational Conflict

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lourenco, Susan V.; Glidewell, John C.

1975-01-01

Uses a dialectical analysis to explain the conflict over social control between a local television station and its company headquarters. Conflict centered around the perceived abuse of legitimate authority by the parent organization. Resolution seemed to be in the direction of a synthesis. (Author)

The Use of Triadic Dialogue in the Science Classroom: a Teacher Negotiating Conceptual Learning with Teaching to the Test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salloum, Sara; BouJaoude, Saouma

2017-08-01

The purpose of this research is to better understand the uses and potential of triadic dialogue (initiation-response-feedback) as a dominant discourse pattern in test-driven environments. We used a Bakhtinian dialogic perspective to analyze interactions among high-stakes tests and triadic dialogue. Specifically, the study investigated (a) the global influence of high-stakes tests on knowledge types and cognitive processes presented and elicited by the science teacher in triadic dialogue and (b) the teacher's meaning making of her discourse patterns. The classroom talk occurred in a classroom where the teacher tried to balance conceptual learning with helping low-income public school students pass the national tests. Videos and transcripts of 20 grade 8 and 9 physical science sessions were analyzed qualitatively. Teacher utterances were categorized in terms of science knowledge types and cognitive processes. Explicitness and directionality of shifts among different knowledge types were analyzed. It was found that shifts between factual/conceptual/procedural-algorithmic and procedural inquiry were mostly dialectical and implicit, and dominated the body of concept development lessons. These shifts called for medium-level cognitive processes. Shifts between the different knowledge types and procedural-testing were more explicit and occurred mostly at the end of lessons. Moreover, the science teacher's focus on success and high expectations, her explicitness in dealing with high-stakes tests, and the relaxed atmosphere she created built a constructive partnership with the students toward a common goal of cracking the test. We discuss findings from a Bakhtinian dialogic perspective and the potential of triadic dialogue for teachers negotiating multiple goals and commitments.

Stress and burnout in psychiatric professionals when starting to use dialectical behavioural therapy in the work with young self-harming women showing borderline personality symptoms.

PubMed

Perseius, K-I; Kåver, A; Ekdahl, S; Asberg, M; Samuelsson, M

2007-10-01

The aim of the study was to investigate how starting to use dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) in the work with young self-harming women showing symptoms of borderline personality disorder affected the psychiatric professionals (n = 22) experience of occupational stress and levels of professional burnout. The study was carried out in relation to an 18-month clinical psychiatric development project, and used a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods [a burnout inventory, the Maslach burnout inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), free format questionnaires and group interviews]. The result confirms previous reports that psychiatric health professionals experience treatment of self-harming patients as very stressful. DBT was seen as stressful in terms of learning demands, but decreased the experience of stress in the actual treatment of the patients. The teamwork and supervision were felt to be supportive, as was one particular facet of DBT, namely mindfulness training which some therapists felt also improved their handling of other work stressors not related to DBT. The inventory for professional burnout, the MBI-GS, showed no significant changes over the 18-month period, although there was a tendency for increased burnout levels at the 6-month assessment, which had returned to baseline levels at 18 months.

Mountain chickadees from different elevations sing different songs: acoustic adaptation, temporal drift or signal of local adaptation?

PubMed Central

Branch, Carrie L.; Pravosudov, Vladimir V.

2015-01-01

Song in songbirds is widely thought to function in mate choice and male–male competition. Song is also phenotypically plastic and typically learned from local adults; therefore, it varies across geographical space and can serve as a cue for an individual's location of origin, with females commonly preferring males from their respective location. Geographical variation in song dialect may reflect acoustic adaptation to different environments and/or serve as a signal of local adaptation. In montane environments, environmental differences can occur over an elevation gradient, favouring local adaptations across small spatial scales. We tested whether food caching mountain chickadees, known to exhibit elevation-related differences in food caching intensity, spatial memory and the hippocampus, also sing different dialects despite continuous distribution and close proximity. Male songs were collected from high and low elevations at two different mountains (separated by 35 km) to test whether song differs between elevations and/or between adjacent populations at each mountain. Song structure varied significantly between high and low elevation adjacent populations from the same mountain and between populations from different mountains at the same elevations, despite a continuous distribution across each mountain slope. These results suggest that elevation-related differences in song structure in chickadees might serve as a signal for local adaptation. PMID:26064641

Teaching English as a Second Dialect in Liberia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Candler, W. J.

1977-01-01

Liberian English differs from standard educated English. English teachers in Liberia are attempting to teach standard spoken English rather than the Liberian dialect, using TEFL strategies. This article discusses the phonological, syntactic, morphological, lexical and semantic characteristics of Liberian English and the consequences for English…

Semantic Fission through Dialect Fusion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linn, Michael D.

The linguistic atlas projects have provided much information on the regional distribution of pronunciation, vocabulary, and syntax and have given important evidence for a greater understanding of problems involved in semantic change, particularly in pointing out transition areas where dialects become fused. In a study supplementary to that…

Language Intervention and the Culturally Different Child.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adler, Sol

1978-01-01

After describing a variety of compensatory programs that have not been very successful for children who enter school speaking nonstandard dialects, the author describes a bidialectal program that teaches standard usage as "school language" but accepts nonstandard dialects as "everyday language," and makes the differences…

Emerging Approaches to Counseling Intervention: Dialectical Behavior Therapy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neacsiu, Andrada D.; Ward-Ciesielski, Erin F.; Linehan, Marsha M.

2012-01-01

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive, multimodal cognitive behavioral treatment originally developed for individuals who met criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) who displayed suicidal tendencies. DBT is based on behavioral theory but also includes principles of acceptance, mindfulness, and validation. Since its…

Walter Ong, Technology, and the Transformation of Consciousness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hassett, Michael J.

1996-01-01

Agrees with Walter Ong that technology can serve as a transformer of consciousness and, hence, of writing. Shows how technology can work dialectically with consciousness or thought. Discusses two of the potential implications of this dialectical view of the technology/consciousness/writing relationship. (TB)

Dialectical Imagery and Postmodern Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davison, Kevin G.

2006-01-01

This article suggests utilizing dialectical imagery, as understood by German social philosopher Walter Benjamin, as an additional qualitative data analysis strategy for research into the postmodern condition. The use of images mined from research data may offer epistemological transformative possibilities that will assist in the demystification of…

Reconstructing Dewey: Dialectics and Democratic Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Jeff

2012-01-01

This essay aims to demonstrate the theoretical purchase offered by linking Dewey's educational theory with a rigorous account of dialectical development. Drawing on recent literature which emphasizes the continuing influence of Hegel on Dewey's thought throughout the latter's career, this essay reconstructs Dewey's argument regarding the…

Free classification of American English dialects by native and non-native listeners

PubMed Central

Clopper, Cynthia G.; Bradlow, Ann R.

2009-01-01

Most second language acquisition research focuses on linguistic structures, and less research has examined the acquisition of sociolinguistic patterns. The current study explored the perceptual classification of regional dialects of American English by native and non-native listeners using a free classification task. Results revealed similar classification strategies for the native and non-native listeners. However, the native listeners were more accurate overall than the non-native listeners. In addition, the non-native listeners were less able to make use of constellations of cues to accurately classify the talkers by dialect. However, the non-native listeners were able to attend to cues that were either phonologically or sociolinguistically relevant in their native language. These results suggest that non-native listeners can use information in the speech signal to classify talkers by regional dialect, but that their lack of signal-independent cultural knowledge about variation in the second language leads to less accurate classification performance. PMID:20161400

Youth Development as Subjectified Subjectivity - a Dialectical-Ecological Model of Analysis.

PubMed

Pedersen, Sofie; Bang, Jytte

2016-09-01

The aim of this article is to shed light on how environmental standards in the life of youths influence the development of self. We propose the concept of 'subjectified subjectivity' to grasp these person-environment dialectics in a general form. By elaborating on these conceptual understandings of youth life, the article also seeks to understand young people from their own perspectives on life and from their developing life-perspectives, rather than from general categories. Based on one of the author's data from her study of young people in their transition to (and through the first year of) high school, we carry out an analysis of a 16-year old high school student and how her approach to beer, to beer drinking as a part of Danish high school life-style, and to herself changes over time. We suggest a dialectical-ecological model to analyze the dialectical and synthetic movements over time of the girl and her environments.

The Nationwide Speech Project: A multi-talker multi-dialect speech corpus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clopper, Cynthia G.; Pisoni, David B.

2004-05-01

Most research on regional phonological variation relies on field recordings of interview speech. Recent research on the perception of dialect variation by naive listeners, however, has relied on read sentence materials in order to control for phonological and lexical content and syntax. The Nationwide Speech Project corpus was designed to obtain a large amount of speech from a number of talkers representing different regional varieties of American English. Five male and five female talkers from each of six different dialect regions in the United States were recorded reading isolated words, sentences, and passages, and in conversations with the experimenter. The talkers ranged in age from 18 and 25 years old and they were all monolingual native speakers of American English. They had lived their entire life in one dialect region and both of their parents were raised in the same region. Results of an acoustic analysis of the vowel spaces of the talkers included in the Nationwide Speech Project will be presented. [Work supported by NIH.

IPLIB (Image processing library) user's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Faulcon, N. D.; Monteith, J. H.; Miller, K.

1985-01-01

IPLIB is a collection of HP FORTRAN 77 subroutines and functions that facilitate the use of a COMTAL image processing system driven by an HP-1000 computer. It is intended for programmers who want to use the HP 1000 to drive the COMTAL Vision One/20 system. It is assumed that the programmer knows HP 1000 FORTRAN 77 or at least one FORTRAN dialect. It is also assumed that the programmer has some familiarity with the COMTAL Vision One/20 system.

Basic Color Terms (BCTs) and Categories (BCCs) in Three Dialects of the Spanish Language: Interaction Between Cultural and Universal Factors.

PubMed

Lillo, Julio; González-Perilli, Fernando; Prado-León, Lilia; Melnikova, Anna; Álvaro, Leticia; Collado, José A; Moreira, Humberto

2018-01-01

Two experiments were performed to identify and compare the Basic Color Terms (BCTs) and the Basic Color Categories (BCCs) included in three dialects (Castilian, Mexican, and Uruguayan) of the Spanish language. Monolexemic Elicited lists were used in the first experiment to identify the BCTs of each dialect. Eleven BCTs appeared for the Spanish and the Mexican, and twelve did so for the Uruguayan. The six primary BCTs ( rojo "red," verde "green," amarillo "yellow," azul "blue," negro "black," and blanco "white") appeared in the three dialects. This occurred for only three derived BCTs ( gris "gray," naranja "orange," and rosa "pink") but not for the other five derived BCTs ( celeste "sky blue," marrón "brown," café "brown," morado "purple," and violeta "purple"). Color transitions were used in the second experiment for two different tasks. Extremes naming task was used to determine the relation between two different dialects' BCTs: equality, equivalence or difference. The results provided the first evidence for marrón "brown" and café "brown" being equivalent terms for the same BCC (brown in English) as is the case of morado "purple" and violeta "purple." Uruguayan celeste "sky blue" had no equivalent BCT in the other two dialects. Boundary delimitation task required the selection of the color in the boundary between two categories. The task was used to reasonably estimate the volume occupied by each BCC in the color space considering its chromatic area and lightness range. Excluding sky blue ( celeste "sky blue") and blue ( azul "blue"), the other BCCs color volumes were similar across the three dialects. Uruguayan sky blue and blue volumes conjointly occupied the portion of the color space corresponding to the Castilian and Mexican blue BCC. The fact that the BCT celeste "sky blue" only appeared in Uruguayan very probably derived from specific cultural factors (the use of the color in the flags and the arrival of an important number of Italian immigrants). Nevertheless, these cultural factors seem to nurture from a perceptive structuring of the color space, which nature is universal, as the boundaries of this category can be delimited from the responses of Spanish and Mexican participants.

The science teacher as the organic link in science learning: Identity, motives, and capital transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexakos, Konstantinos

This life history study is based on in-depth interviews of five science teachers and explores themes of science teachers' experiences as science learners and how these experiences frame what I have come to call "the subjective aspects of teaching." These themes seem to imply that through such individual experiences individuals develop a personally unique lens through which they view and interpret science, science meanings, and science teaching and learning. Emerging themes created new questions to pursue and they in turn produced new themes. These were further investigated in an attempt to connect science learning and science teachers to broader issues in society. These themes include that of a dynamic, dialectical learning and understanding of science by the participants, developed and influenced through a combination of their families, their schools, and their professional experiences, and in which morals and passion play major roles. The theme of the "organic link" is also introduced and developed in this research. It includes these individuals' views of science and the scientific enterprise, their path to learning, their morals, passions, and choices, and their way of constructing knowledge and the transmission of such a process. As organic links, they are seen as a direct and necessary social connection between science and the science learner, and they foster educational experiences grounded in the social lives of their students. Not only are they seen as "transmitters" of science knowledge and the process of constructing knowledge, but they are also seen as correcting and adjusting perceived diversions of the students' thinking from that of their own. It is in this context that the concept of capital (human and cultural capital, as well as capital exchange) is also explored. These themes are seen as having immense impact on how these science teachers teach, where they teach, what is communicated to their students, and whether they become or remain science teachers. As teachers, they are affected differentially by the school culture and environment. It is within this context, as well as how these participants see their students, that the themes of identity construction and "multiple realities" are developed and discussed.

Treatment Failure in Dialectical Behavior Therapy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rizvi, Shireen L.

2011-01-01

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has become a widely used treatment model for individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and other individuals with significant emotion dysregulation problems. Despite its strong empirical support, DBT obviously does not have positive outcomes for all individuals. It is critical that cases of DBT…

Science, Religion and Difficult Dialectics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, David E.

2010-01-01

Discussing themes from my paper "Scientists at play in a field of the Lord," three forum participants identify and discuss continuing social and epistemological issues which continue to challenge effective evolution education. I extend these themes and further amplify the vexing nature of an effective dialectic regarding evolution, especially for…

Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology, Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Preston, Dennis R., Ed.

This collection of 22 papers offers a detailed record of the development of the field and its modern extension. Part 1, "The Dutch Contribution: 'Little Arrows'," includes: (1) "Informant Classification of Dialects" (W.G. Rensink); (2) "Dialects" (Jo C. Daan); and (3) "The Netherlands-German National Border as a…

Dialectical Behavior Therapy with Suicidal Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Alec L.; Rathus, Jill H.; Linehan, Marsha M.

2006-01-01

Filling a tremendous need, this highly practical book adapts the proven techniques of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) to treatment of multiproblem adolescents at highest risk for suicidal behavior and self-injury. The authors are master clinicians who take the reader step by step through understanding and assessing severe emotional…

The Developmental Dialectical Approach to Child Abuse & Neglect.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pakizegi, B.

A developmental dialectical approach to understanding and working with lower and middle class damaged parents--those identified as abusive and neglectful--has specific features and implications. The approach suggests that (1) the personality characteristics and interpersonal relations of parents are inseparable from their social conditions; (2)…

Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents: Theory, Treatment Adaptations, and Empirical Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacPherson, Heather A.; Cheavens, Jennifer S.; Fristad, Mary A.

2013-01-01

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally developed for chronically suicidal adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and emotion dysregulation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate DBT is associated with improvements in problem behaviors, including suicide ideation and behavior, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), attrition,…

Fatigue - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... a new window. Arabic (العربية) Expand Section Fatigue - English PDF Fatigue - العربية (Arabic) PDF American Cancer Society ... Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Fatigue - English PDF Fatigue - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) PDF ...

Tonal Flip-Flop in Chinese Dialects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yue-Hashimoto, Anne O.

1986-01-01

Tonal "flip-flop" (reversal of pitch value in which a direct exchange of value between two items is necessarily involved) can be found in a significant number of modern Chinese dialects, where an opposite pitch pattern is observed for the traditional Yin/Yang dichotomy of tones. (Author/CB)

Disability as a Dialectical Concept: Building on Vygotsky's Defectology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bottcher, Louise; Dammeyer, Jesper

2012-01-01

The legacy of defectology, Vygotsky's theoretical work on children with disabilities, still offers a useful approach in disability research. Vygotsky understood disability as an incongruence between the individual's psychological structure and the structure of cultural forms. The incongruence describes a dialectical relation between the person…

Re/Production of science process skills and a scientific ethos in an early childhood classroom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirch, Susan A.

2007-10-01

Many educators and researchers are convinced that age limits what students can learn and achieve in science. Elementary school curricula focus on isolated process skills under the faulty assumption that young students are not capable of combining the process skills and content knowledge necessary for reasoning scientifically. In the present study, I demonstrate that many process skills are produced in conversations between second grade students and between these students and their teachers, including: questioning, hypothesis formation, experimental design, identifying relevant evidence, critical analysis of hypotheses and predictions, hypothesis reconstruction, and variable identification. Through conversation analysis I show that most classroom community members adopted the role of skeptic at some time, but there was a strong tendency to defer to authoritative sources when resolving debates. This latter observation led to further investigation of when and how authoritative sources were consulted and used, and when and how a skeptical stance was taken. I show that, as students used science process skills and interacted with each other and teacher-mediators, community practices, values, and mores were shaped and an ethos of science began to emerge. It is my contention that this ethos often emerges unconsciously as part of the community's dynamic set of rules and schema. Teachers who are attuned to the tension between open-mindedness and skepticism, and how they and their students cope with this dialectic, however, can actively shape the scientific ethos of their classroom community.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Applied to College Students: A Randomized Clinical Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pistorello, Jacqueline; Fruzzetti, Alan E.; MacLane, Chelsea; Gallop, Robert; Iverson, Katherine M.

2012-01-01

Objective: College counseling centers (CCCs) are increasingly being called upon to treat highly distressed students with complex clinical presentations. This study compared the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for suicidal college students with an optimized control condition and analyzed baseline global functioning as a…

Coping with Dialectical Tensions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brockriede, Wayne

This paper discusses some of the central issues involved in philosophizing about rhetoric by raising two primary questions within the context of three traditional branches of philosophy: ontology, axiology, and epistemology. The two questions raised are: What are dialectical tensions in a philosophy of rhetoric? and How does a person try to cope…

Beyond Borderline Personality Disorder: Dialectical Behavior Therapy in a College Counseling Center

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Panepinto, Amberly R.; Uschold, Carissa C.; Olandese, Michelle; Linn, Braden K.

2015-01-01

The study investigated the efficacy of a dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) program with a general college counseling center population, not limited to students diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. A review of records of 64 students found that obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, paranoia,…

Deferring Totality: An Anti-Dialectic Theory of Identity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, David M.; Noel, Jana

2010-01-01

Using Derrida's concept of deferring totality, Deleuze's concept of the logic of multiplicities, and Butler's "sliding scale," this paper presents an anti-dialectic theory of identity, one that recognizes the permanent deferral of the very concept of identity--a non-synthesized, non-resolved identity--that values the hybridity of identities.…

Knee Replacement - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... in a new window. Arabic (العربية) Expand Section Total Knee Replacement - العربية (Arabic) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Total Knee Replacement - 简体中文 (Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect)) Bilingual PDF Health ...

The Overt Pronoun Constraint across Three Dialects of Spanish

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gelormini-Lezama, Carlos; Huepe, David; Herrera, Eduar; Melloni, Margherita; Manes, Facundo; García, Adolfo M.; Ibáñez, Agustín

2016-01-01

The overt pronoun constraint (OPC) states that, in null subject languages, overt pronoun subjects of embedded clauses cannot be bound by "wh-" or quantifier antecedents. Through the administration of two written questionnaires, we examined the OPC in 246 monolingual native speakers of three dialects of Spanish, spoken in Barranquilla…

Grieving Together and Apart: Bereaved Parents' Contradictions of Marital Interaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toller, Paige W.; Braithwaite, Dawn O.

2009-01-01

The researchers adopted relational dialectics theory (Baxter & Montgomery, 1996) to examine the discourse of 37 bereaved parents. Research questions guiding the study were what dialectical contradictions do bereaved parents experience when communicating with their marital partner after their child's death and how do bereaved parents and their…

Retraction in Cariocan Portuguese.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reis, Isaias

This study looks at the retraction phenomenon of the alveolar fricatives [s] and [z] in Cariocan Portuguese, the dialect used in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and its correlation with selected social characteristics of the study's informants. No prior study exists that focuses only on this phonological feature in this dialect. Before describing…

KURDISH BASIC COURSE, DIALECT OF SULAIMANIA, IRAQ.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ABDULLA, JAMAL JALAL; MCCARUS, ERNEST N.

THIS BEGINNING COURSE, DESIGNED FOR THE STUDENT WITH SOME KNOWLEDGE OF LINGUISTICS, FOLLOWS THE AUDIOLINGUAL APPROACH IN TEACHING THE PHONOLOGY, BASIC STRUCTURE, AND VOCABULARY OF THE EDUCATED KURDISH DIALECT OF SULAIMANIA, IRAQ. THE CULTURAL CONTENT OF THE MATERIAL PROVIDES THE STUDENT WITH A GENERAL BACKGROUND OF SULAIMANIAN CULTURE. PART I,…

KURDISH READERS. PART II, KURDISH ESSAYS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ABDULLA, JAMAL JALAL; MCCARUS, ERNEST N.

THIS READER, TOGETHER WITH THE "NEWSPAPER KURDISH" AND "SHORT STORIES" READERS, FOLLOWS THE "BASIC COURSE IN KURDISH" (BY THE SAME AUTHORS) AND ASSUMES A MASTERY OF THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE STRUCTURE AND WRITING SYSTEM AS PRESENTED IN THE BEGINNING COURSE. WRITTEN IN THE SULAIMANIAN DIALECT, THE OFFICIAL DIALECT OF…

Writing in Nonstandard English. Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 67.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taavitsainen, Irma, Ed.; Melchers, Gunnel, Ed.; Pahta, Paivi, Ed.

Chapters in this book include the following: "Dickens as Sociolinguist: Dialect in 'David Copperfield'" (Patricia Poussa); "Contemporary Irish Writing and a Model of Speech Realism (John M. Kirk); "Dialect and Accent in Jim Cartwright's Play "Road" as Seen Through Erving Goffman's Theory on Footing" (Marion Fields); "The Representation of…

Dialect Usage as a Factor in Developmental Language Performance of Primary Grade School Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levine, Madlyn A.; Hanes, Michael L.

This study investigated the relationship between dialect usage and performance on four language tasks designed to reflect features developmental in nature: articulation, grammatical closure, auditory discrimination, and sentence comprehension. Predictor and criterion language tasks were administered to 90 kindergarten, first-, and second-grade…

Description of an Intensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy Program for Multidiagnostic Clients with Eating Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Federici, Anita; Wisniewski, Lucene; Ben-Porath, Denise

2012-01-01

The authors describe an intensive outpatient dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) program for multidiagnostic clients with eating disorders who had not responded adequately to standard, empirically supported treatments for eating disorders. The program integrates DBT with empirically supported cognitive behavior therapy approaches that are well…

Prosodic Reversal in Dogrib (Weledeh Dialect)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jaker, Alessandro Michelangelo

2012-01-01

This thesis presents a comprehensive phonological analysis of the Weledeh dialect of Dogrib, a Northern Athabaskan language spoken in the Northwest Territories, Canada, based on the author's own fieldwork. The phonology of Northern Athabaskan languages, and Dogrib in particular, has to date been regarded as highly irregular, and subject to…

Basic Western Lviv Region Conversational Ukrainian

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petryshyn, Ivan

2015-01-01

Purpose: To present the first complete Guide for studying the Western-Ukrainian Dialect and its scientific description of Phonology. Methodology: descriptive, contrastive and analytical methods of defining the peculiarities of the Dialect. Results: the regularities and the laws have been defined as to the specifics of the Western-Ukrainian Dialect…

Black English Phonology: The Question of Reading Interference.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melmed, Paul Jay

An investigation was conducted to test the assumption that Black English (BE) dialect interferes with reading. Data from 45 lower standard English (SE) speakers were collected and analyzed to measure racial group differences on auditory discrimination, oral reading, BE phonology usage, and silent reading comprehension. Dialect differences analyzed…

A Dialectic of Disinterested and Immersive Aesthetics: Santiniketan Art Education and Labour Translated

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gall, David A.

2015-01-01

This article argues for art education's potential to transform mundane work, mindful of the steep challenges of the aesthetic and mundane dialectic. Those challenges, magnified in the context of capitalism and industrialism, confronted twentieth-century Indian artist educators Rabindranath Tagore and Nandalal Bose, but also confront…

TESL Reporter, Vol. 4, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pack, Alice C., Ed.

This issue of "TESL Reporter" presents the following articles: "Language Acquisition and Dialectalism" by Patricia G. Adkins, "Supplementation of Opposites in Simple Predicate Expansion" by Yao Shen, and "Form Class Baseball: A TESL Game" by Alice C. Pack. The meaning today of dialectal speech, or "bidialectal speech," is addressed by Patricia…

Clinical Trials - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... new window. Arabic (العربية) Expand Section Clinical Trials - English PDF Clinical Trials - العربية (Arabic) PDF American Cancer ... Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Clinical Trials - English PDF Clinical Trials - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) ...

Chemical Emergencies - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) French (français) Hindi (हिन्दी) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어) Modern Standard Arabic (Arabic dialect) ( ... हिन्दी (Hindi) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Japanese (日本語) Expand Section Chemical Emergencies - 日本語 (Japanese) Bilingual ...

Dialectical Behavior Therapy Modified for Adolescent Binge Eating Disorder: A Case Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Safer, Debra L.; Couturier, Jennifer L.; Lock, James

2007-01-01

Given the lack of empirically supported treatments available for adolescents with eating disorders, it is important to investigate the clinical utility of extending treatments for adults with eating disorders to younger populations. Dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating disorder, based on the affect-regulation model, conceptualizes binge…

William Ellery Channing and Theodore Parker: A Study in Dialectical Enjoinment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chandler, Daniel Ross

This study discusses the preaching of William Ellery Channing and Theordore Parker as it contributed to the theological development of American intellectual life. Employing Cathcart's concept of "dialectical enjoinment," this study suggests that Channing and Parker exerted a restricted emphasis because communication with the larger…

L'Occitan, Qu'es Aquo (What is Occitan)?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belasco, Simon

1984-01-01

Describes a study concerned with distinguishing certain phonological and morphological features of the three dialects of Occitan, a language spoken in the south of France. Results indicate that variations in pronunciation seem to depend on sociolinguistic, as well as geographical factors, and in fact, related dialects and language cannot be…

Social Dialectics and Language: Mother and Child Construct the Discourse

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Adrienne E.

1975-01-01

The child's development of productive control over the adults language system is seen as an outcome of the dynamic social discourse of parent and child. Traditional approaches to child language are reviewed and a dialectical analysis is developed using concepts from information theory and a general systems approach. (JMB)

Dyslexia Limits the Ability to Categorize Talker Dialect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Gayle Beam; Fox, Robert Allen; Jacewicz, Ewa

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the underlying phonological impairment in dyslexia is associated with a deficit in categorizing regional dialects. Method: Twenty adults with dyslexia, 20 school-age children with dyslexia, and 40 corresponding control listeners with average reading ability listened to sentences produced…

Advances in Hispanic Linguistics: Papers from the Hispanic Linguistics Symposium (2nd, Columbus, OH, October 9-11, 1998). Volumes 1-2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gutierrez-Rexach, Javier, Ed.; Martinez-Gil, Fernando, Ed.

Papers from the 1998 Hispanic Linguistics Symposium include: "Patterns of Gender Agreement in the Speech of Second Language Learners"; "'Nomas' in Mexican American Dialect"; "Parsing Spanish 'solo'"; "On Levels of Processing and Levels of Comprehension"; "The Role of Attention in Second/Foreign Language Classroom Research: Methodological Issues";…

Design Experiments: Developing and Testing an Intervention for Elementary School-Age Students Who Use Non-Mainstream American English Dialects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas-Tate, Shurita; Connor, Carol McDonald; Johnson, Lakeisha

2013-01-01

Reading comprehension, defined as the active extraction and construction of meaning from all kinds of text, requires children to fluently decode and understand what they are reading. Basic processes underlying reading comprehension are complex and call on the oral language system and a conscious understanding of this system, i.e., metalinguistic…

Dialectics Between Theory and Practice: Theoretical Issues and Aspects of Practice from an Early Algebra Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malara, Nicolina A.

2003-01-01

Our teaching conception acknowledges the teacher's central role as a decision maker, influenced by knowledge, beliefs, and emotions. We believe that teachers' education must be focused on teachers' awareness of the complexity of the teaching process, of the incidence of these factors in it, and of the importance of looking at theory as a strong…

The Dialectic of Creativity: A Synthesis of Neurobiological, Psychological, Cultural and Practical Aspects of the Creative Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holm-Hadulla, Rainer M.

2013-01-01

In the beginning of the 21st century, creativity has been highly esteemed not only in the arts and sciences, but also in economy, politics, and individual welfare. Most theories and practical applications stem from individual sciences and frequently conclude with generalizations that cannot be derived from the specific scientific paradigm. It…

Dialectic of control and emancipation in organizing for social change: a multitheoretic study of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh.

PubMed

Papa, M J; Auwal, M A; Singhal, A

1995-08-01

Dedicated to helping the poorest of the poor obtain the financial means to become productively self-employed, the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh is founded upon the belief that credit is a fundamental human right and that development should be measured according to the per capita income of the bottom 50% of the population. The bank provides collateral-free loans and social services for the poor, charging 20% interest on capital, all the while maintaining a 99% loan recovery rate. The bank has 1.9 million members, 94% of whom are women, and has successfully organized grassroots microenterprises for productive self-employment and social change. The authors use the coorientation, concertive control, and critical feminist theories to analyze the bank's programs in an effort to explain the dialectic between control and emancipation in organizing for social change. Examining the bank's organizational processes from multiple theoretical perspectives allows insights to be drawn about theory and praxis in organizing for social change. The Grameen Bank has effectively demonstrated that development is an organized process of education, environmentally sound productivity, and improvement in the quality of life for the poorest of the poor.

Lexical exposure to native language dialects can improve non-native phonetic discrimination.

PubMed

Olmstead, Annie J; Viswanathan, Navin

2018-04-01

Nonnative phonetic learning is an area of great interest for language researchers, learners, and educators alike. In two studies, we examined whether nonnative phonetic discrimination of Hindi dental and retroflex stops can be improved by exposure to lexical items bearing the critical nonnative stops. We extend the lexical retuning paradigm of Norris, McQueen, and Cutler (Cognitive Psychology, 47, 204-238, 2003) by having naive American English (AE)-speaking participants perform a pretest-training-posttest procedure. They performed an AXB discrimination task with the Hindi retroflex and dental stops before and after transcribing naturally produced words from an Indian English speaker that either contained these tokens or not. Only those participants who heard words with the critical nonnative phones improved in their posttest discrimination. This finding suggests that exposure to nonnative phones in native lexical contexts supports learning of difficult nonnative phonetic discrimination.

[Stock based medicine: the patient waiting in a weary medical procedure].

PubMed

Casas Patiño, Donovan; Rodriguez Torres, Alejandra; Casas Patiño, Isaac

2015-03-24

This essay attempts to bring on a new perspective for healthcare professionals regarding the problems that surround this institutionalized profession, based on a system of stock balances and not on the real needs of patients and their community. The healthcare professional not only engages in biomedical healing but also possesses knowledge and expertise regarding the dialectical process of health/disease. Thus, his or her practice and actions should be centered on social practices and not just the healing process.

Dialect Boundaries and Phonological Change in Upstate New York

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dinkin, Aaron Joshua

2009-01-01

The eastern half of New York State is a dialectologically diverse region around which several dialect regions converge--the Inland North, New York City, Western New England, and Canada. These regions differ with respect to major parameters of North American English phonological variation; and therefore the interface between them is of interest…

Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Meta-Analysis Using Mixed-Effects Modeling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kliem, Soren; Kroger, Christoph; Kosfelder, Joachim

2010-01-01

Objective: At present, the most frequently investigated psychosocial intervention for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and long-term effectiveness of DBT. Method: Systematic bibliographic research was undertaken to find relevant literature from online…

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: Description, Research and Future Directions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swales, Michaela A.

2009-01-01

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is a cognitive behavioural treatment initially developed for adult women with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and a history of chronic suicidal behaviour (Linehan, 1993a; 1993b). DBT was the first treatment for BPD to demonstrate its efficacy in a randomised controlled trial (Linehan ,…

Use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Borderline Personality Disorder: A View from Residency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharma, Binali; Dunlop, Boadie W.; Ninan, Philip T.; Bradley, Rebekah

2007-01-01

Objective: The authors describe the use of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in treating borderline personality disorder during psychiatry residency, and assess the status of DBT education within psychiatry residencies in the United States. Method: The authors present a patient with borderline personality disorder treated by a resident using DBT,…

/S/ Variation as Accommodation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coles, Felice Anne

1993-01-01

The few remaining fluent speakers of the isleno dialect of Spanish vary their casual pronunciation of /s/ in a manner consistent with, but not identical to, other Caribbean Spanish dialects. The behavior of /s/ in the speech of nonfluent islenos parallels that of fluent speakers, differing only in the higher degree of aspiration and deletion. This…

Beliefs as Conceptualizing Activity: A Dialectical Approach for the Second Language Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Negueruela-Azarola, Eduardo

2011-01-01

The present article presents an understanding of beliefs as conceptualizing activity from a Vygotskyan dialectical perspective. The proposals I develop here, emerging from a contextual understanding of development, aim to help us reconsider in pedagogical terms the specific relationships between beliefs and actions and the nature of beliefs as…

Dialectical Behavior Therapy Adapted for the Vocational Rehabilitation of Significantly Disabled Mentally Ill Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koons, Cedar R.; Chapman, Alexander L.; Betts, Bette B.; O'Rourke, Beth; Morse, Nesha; Robins, Clive J.

2006-01-01

Twelve vocational rehabilitation clients with severe mental illness received a comprehensive adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) delivered in a group format. Treatment consisted of 2 hours of standard DBT skills training per week and 90 minutes of diary card review, chain analysis, and behavioral rehearsal. Participants were selected…

Interdialect Translatability of the Basic Programming Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Isaacs, Gerald L.

A study was made of several dialects of the Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC). The purpose was to determine if it was possible to identify a set of interactive BASIC dialects in which translatability between different members of the set would be high, if reasonable programing restrictions were imposed. It was first…

Indian Languages and Identity in Fiji.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siegel, Jeff

1992-01-01

Describes origins of Fiji Indians and their unique language, Fiji Hindi, and discusses this language as a marker of identity in modern dialects brought to Fiji by Indian indentured laborers. The mixed dialect, Fiji Hindi, developed from these original forms of speech, is highlighted, and the role of Hindi and English in the development of Fiji…

AUDIO-LINGUAL METHODS IN THE LANGUAGE ARTS PROGRAM.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

PLAISTER, TED

WHEN CHILDREN ENTER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, THEY POSSESS A LANGUAGE SYSTEM WHICH HAS BEEN INTUITED FROM WHAT THEY HEAR AND WHICH CAN PRODUCE FOR THEM AN INFINITE NUMBER OF SENTENCES REFLECTING EITHER STANDARD OR NONSTANDARD DIALECTS OF ENGLISH. THE ELEMENTARY TEACHER CAN EQUIP THOSE WHO SPEAK A DIVERGENT ENGLISH DIALECT WITH ANOTHER, MORE SOCIALLY…

Assessing Plural Morphology in Children Acquiring /S/-Leniting Dialects of Spanish

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Karen

2014-01-01

Purpose: To examine the production of plural morphology in children acquiring a dialect of Spanish with syllable-final /s/ lenition with the goal of comparing how plural marker omissions in the speech of these children compare with plural marker omissions in children with language impairment acquiring other varieties of Spanish. Method: Three…

East Europe Report, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-11-10

34Dialektyka i historia " [Dialectics and History], Lenin was the only one of Marx’s successors to undertake an open dialectic with "Das Kapital" and to...Milan Veres, Yugoslav ambassador in Budapest , and presented him the Order of Flag of the Hungarian People’s Republic. [Text] [AU231531 Belgrade

Implementing Dialectical Behavior Therapy with Adolescents and Their Families in a Community Outpatient Clinic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woodberry, Kristen A.; Popenoe, Ellen J.

2008-01-01

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), an empirically supported treatment for adult women diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), has been increasingly adapted for use with adolescents across a variety of settings. This article describes a community-based application of DBT principles and strategies for adolescents and their families.…

A KURDISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, DIALECT OF SULAIMANIA, IRAQ.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MCCARUS, ERNEST N.

THE VOCABULARY CONTAINED IN THIS DICTIONARY ENCOMPASSES THE FOUR VOLUMES OF THIS COURSE IN KURDISH--(1) THE BASIC COURSE, (2) NEWSPAPER KURDISH, (3) KURDISH ESSAYS, AND (4) KURDISH SHORT STORIES. ALSO INCLUDED ARE ITEMS FROM OTHER SELECTIONS FROM THE KURDISH PRESS AND EXPRESSIONS RECORDED FROM NATIVE SPEAKERS OF THE SULAIMANIA DIALECT. THE SCRIPT…

LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

STEWART, WILLIAM A.

A LINGUISTIC FIELD SURVEY OF THE ENGLISH SPOKEN IN THE CULTURAL-GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF APPALACHIA SHOWS THAT THERE ARE AT LEAST TWO MAJOR NONSTANDARD DIALECTS IN CURRENT USE. THE DIALECT FAMILY MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE APPALACHIAN REGION IS MOUNTAIN SPEECH. ALTHOUGH WELL STRUCTURED AND EXPRESSIVE IN ITS OWN RIGHT, IT HAS COME TO BE…

English as a Second Language/Dialect Resource Book for K-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

British Columbia Dept. of Education, Victoria. Curriculum Development Branch.

This resource guide is designed for use by all educators who work with English-as-a-Second-Language/Dialect (ESL/D) students, including administrators, regular classroom teachers in both elementary and secondary schools, trained ESL/D teachers, and other support staff such as language assistance teachers and special education staff. The book…

African American English-Speaking Students: An Examination of the Relationship between Dialect Shifting and Reading Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Craig, Holly K.; Zhang, Lingling; Hensel, Stephanie L.; Quinn, Erin J.

2009-01-01

Purpose: In this study, the authors evaluated the contribution made by dialect shifting to reading achievement test scores of African American English (AAE)-speaking students when controlling for the effects of socioeconomic status (SES), general oral language abilities, and writing skills. Method: Participants were 165 typically developing…

Dialect Contact among Spanish-Speaking Children in Los Angeles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Villarreal, Belen MacGregor

2014-01-01

As an immigration hub for a diverse group of Spanish speakers, Los Angeles lends itself to research on dialect contact and leveling. Studies regarding the Spanish spoken by natives of Los Angeles reveal considerable homogeneity with respect to pronunciation, vocabulary and terms of address. This uniformity is notable because two different dialect…

Dialectical Features of Students' Argumentation: A Critical Review of Argumentation Studies in Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nielsen, Jan Alexis

2013-01-01

This paper explores the challenges of using the Toulmin model to analyze students' dialogical argumentation. The paper presents a theoretical exposition of what is involved in an empirical study of real dialogic argumentation. Dialogic argumentation embodies dialectical features--i.e. the features that are operative when students collaboratively…

A Grammar of Northern and Southern Gumuz

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahland, Colleen Anne

2012-01-01

Gumuz is a Nilo-Saharan dialect cluster spoken in the river valleys of northwestern Ethiopia and the southeastern part of the Republic of the Sudan. There are approximately 200,000 speakers, the majority of which reside in Ethiopia. This study is a phonological and grammatical analysis of two main dialects/languages: Northern Gumuz and Southern…

Seeking a Valid Gold Standard for an Innovative, Dialect-Neutral Language Test

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pearson, Barbara Zurer; Jackson, Janice E.; Wu, Haotian

2014-01-01

Purpose: In this study, the authors explored alternative gold standards to validate an innovative, dialect-neutral language assessment. Method: Participants were 78 African American children, ages 5;0 (years;months) to 6;11. Twenty participants had previously been identified as having language impairment. The Diagnostic Evaluation of Language…

Pidgins, Creoles and Nonstandard Dialects in Education. Occasional Paper Number 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siegel, Jeff, Ed.

Nine papers present either discussion of the issues or practical answers to the issues of nonstandard dialects, pidgins, and creoles in the classroom. They include: "The Case Against a Transfer Bilingual Program of Torres Strait Creole to English in Torres Strait Schools" (Anna Shnukal); "Summary: A Survey of Teachers' Attitudes…

Effect of Dialect on Identification and Severity of Speech Impairment in Indigenous Australian Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toohill, Bethany J.; Mcleod, Sharynne; Mccormack, Jane

2012-01-01

This study investigated the effect of dialectal difference on identification and rating of severity of speech impairment in children from Indigenous Australian backgrounds. The speech of 15 Indigenous Australian children identified by their parents/caregivers and teachers as having "difficulty talking and making speech sounds" was…

Dichotomy, Dialectic and Dialogic: How Do Sociology Terms Assist Career Development Theory?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burns, Edgar A. M.

2012-01-01

Three concepts from sociology--dichotomy and two extensions, dialectic and dialogic--are considered here as social-psychological tools for career practitioners who analyse and investigate career patterns, career motivations and career pathways, whether at career start or at further points of transition. These terms have macro-social applications…

Speech Pathology and Dialect Differences. Dialects and Educational Equity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolfram, Walt

Discussions in speech and language pathology often contain references to language differences and the ways these differences compare with speech and language disorders. There is ongoing research on the regional varieties of English, and within the past decade, information on social and ethnic variation in language has been accumulating. Based on…

The Influence of Speaking a Dialect of Appalachian English on the College Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunstan, Stephany Brett

2013-01-01

Many students will arrive at college speaking a dialect that is considered non-standardized or stigmatized due to the socially stratified nature of language. In the United States, where there are commonly held ideologies about the type of language that is considered "correct" or "proper," students who speak non-standardized…

The Development of an Automatic Dialect Classification Test. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willis, Clodius

These experiments investigated and described intra-subject, inter-subject, and inter-group variation in perception of synthetic vowels as well as the possibility that inter-group differences reflect dialect differences. Two tests were made covering the full phonetic range of English vowels. In two other tests subjects chose between one of two…

Dialectics and Dilemmas: Psychosocial Dimensions of Ability Grouping Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarke, Matthew

2014-01-01

Ability grouping in schools and classrooms constitutes something of a policy hiatus in the Australian context, in contrast to the conspicuous visibility of equity and quality as explicit policy goals. This article examines what I am calling the dialectics -- i.e. moments of negation that allow for creation -- and dilemmas inhering in the complex…

Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in a Community Mental Health Center

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comtois, Katherine Anne; Elwood, Lynn; Holdcraft, Laura C.; Smith, Wayne R.; Simpson, Tracy L.

2007-01-01

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trials with women with borderline personality disorder and histories of chronic self-inflicted injury including suicide attempts. The present study is a pre-post replication of a comprehensive DBT program in a community mental health center for individuals…

A Unified Theory of Development: A Dialectic Integration of Nature and Nurture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sameroff, Arnold

2010-01-01

The understanding of nature and nurture within developmental science has evolved with alternating ascendance of one or the other as primary explanations for individual differences in life course trajectories of success or failure. A dialectical perspective emphasizing the interconnectedness of individual and context is suggested to interpret the…

QUECHUA LANGUAGE MATERIALS PROJECT, GUIDE TO THE MATERIALS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

SOLA, DONALD F.

THIS GUIDEBOOK DESCRIBES THE NATURE AND USE OF THE MATERIALS PREPARED FOR TEACHING THREE OF THE MAIN DIALECTS OF QUECHUA TO SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH INTERESTED IN WORKING OR DOING RESEARCH IN THE ANDEAN REGION. DESCRIPTIVE AND PEDAGOGICAL MATERIALS HAVE BEEN PREPARED FOR EACH OF THREE IMPORTANT DIALECTS--CUZCO AND AYACUCHO IN PERU, AND COCHABAMBA IN…

Relations among Children's Use of Dialect and Literacy Skills: A Meta-Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gatlin, Brandy; Wanzek, Jeanne

2015-01-01

Purpose: The current meta-analysis examines recent empirical research studies that have investigated relations among dialect use and the development and achievement of reading, spelling, and writing skills. Method: Studies published between 1998 and 2014 were selected if they: (a) included participants who were in Grades K-6 and were typically…

STANDARD BIKOL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EPSTEIN, JON

THE DIALECT OF BIKOL SPOKEN IN NAGA CITY, THE PHILIPPINES, IS DESCRIBED IN THIS SHORT ANALYSIS OF THE MOST BASIC BIKOL STRUCTURAL PATTERNS. IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE READER HAS LINGUISTIC TRAINING OR IS A STUDENT OF BIKOL (SEE ALSO AL 000 502, "BIKOL LESSONS"). PHONOLOGY AND DIALECT DIFFERENCES ARE VERY BRIEFLY DISCUSSED. EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN FOR EACH…

Pedagogy of the Privileged: Elite Universities and Dialectical Contradictions in the UK

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cresswell, Mark; Karimova, Zulfia; Brock, Tom

2014-01-01

This paper considers the role and function of Left academics within "elite" (i.e. Russell Group) universities within the UK. Deploying Marxist theory and critical realism, it analyses the "dialectical contradictions" experienced in such a role and reflects upon productive strategies for resisting the hegemony of neo-liberalism…

The Philosophy of Science and Technology in China: Political and Ideological Influences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guo, Yuanlin

2014-01-01

In China, the philosophy of science and technology (PST) is derived from "Dialectics of Nature" (DN), which is based on Engels' unfinished book "Dialektik der Natur." DN as a political ideology provides political guidance for scientists and engineers. Therefore, since 1981, "Introduction to Dialectics of Nature" (IDN)…

Does language affect personality perception? A functional approach to testing the Whorfian hypothesis.

PubMed

Chen, Sylvia Xiaohua; Benet-Martínez, Verónica; Ng, Jacky C K

2014-04-01

Whether language shapes cognition has long been a controversial issue. The present research adopts a functional approach to examining the effects of language use on personality perception and dialectical thinking. We propose that language use activates corresponding cultural mindsets, which in turn influence social perception, thinking, and behavior. Four studies recruited Chinese-English bilinguals (N = 129 in Study 1, 229 in Study 2, 68 in Study 3, 106 in Study 4) and used within-subjects and between-subjects design, written and behavioral reports, and self- and other perceptions. The four studies converged to show that Chinese-English bilinguals exhibit higher dialectical thinking and more variations in self- and observer ratings of personality when using the Chinese language than when using English. Furthermore, dialectical thinking predicted more self- and other-perceived variations in personality and behavior across bilingual contexts. These results highlight the important role of culture in understanding the relations between language and cognition, and attest to the malleability of personality perception and dialectical thinking within and across individuals in response to culture-related linguistic cues. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Subgroup conflicts? Try the psychodramatic "double triad method".

PubMed

Verhofstadt-Denève, Leni M F

2012-04-01

The present article suggests the application of a psychodramatic action method for tackling subgroup conflicts in which the direct dialogue between representatives of two opposing subgroups is prepared step by step through an indirect dialogue strategy within two triads, a strategy known as the Double Triad Method (DTM). In order to achieve integration in the group as a whole, it is important that all the members of both subgroups participate actively during the entire process. The first part of the article briefly explores the theoretical background, with a special emphasis on the Phenomenological-Dialectical Personality Model (Phe-Di PModel). In the second part, the DTM procedure is systematically described through its five action stages, each accompanied with 1) a spatial representation of the consecutive actions, 2) some illustrative statements for each stage, and 3) a theoretical interpretation of the dialectically involved personality dimensions in both protagonists. The article concludes with a discussion and suggestions for more extensive applications of the DTM method, including the question of its relationships to Agazarian's functional subgrouping, psychodrama, and sociodrama.

Shhh… I Need Quiet! Children's Understanding of American, British, and Japanese-accented English Speakers.

PubMed

Bent, Tessa; Holt, Rachael Frush

2018-02-01

Children's ability to understand speakers with a wide range of dialects and accents is essential for efficient language development and communication in a global society. Here, the impact of regional dialect and foreign-accent variability on children's speech understanding was evaluated in both quiet and noisy conditions. Five- to seven-year-old children ( n = 90) and adults ( n = 96) repeated sentences produced by three speakers with different accents-American English, British English, and Japanese-accented English-in quiet or noisy conditions. Adults had no difficulty understanding any speaker in quiet conditions. Their performance declined for the nonnative speaker with a moderate amount of noise; their performance only substantially declined for the British English speaker (i.e., below 93% correct) when their understanding of the American English speaker was also impeded. In contrast, although children showed accurate word recognition for the American and British English speakers in quiet conditions, they had difficulty understanding the nonnative speaker even under ideal listening conditions. With a moderate amount of noise, their perception of British English speech declined substantially and their ability to understand the nonnative speaker was particularly poor. These results suggest that although school-aged children can understand unfamiliar native dialects under ideal listening conditions, their ability to recognize words in these dialects may be highly susceptible to the influence of environmental degradation. Fully adult-like word identification for speakers with unfamiliar accents and dialects may exhibit a protracted developmental trajectory.

Crowdsourcing Language Change with Smartphone Applications

PubMed Central

Leemann, Adrian; Kolly, Marie-José; Purves, Ross; Britain, David; Glaser, Elvira

2016-01-01

Crowdsourcing linguistic phenomena with smartphone applications is relatively new. In linguistics, apps have predominantly been developed to create pronunciation dictionaries, to train acoustic models, and to archive endangered languages. This paper presents the first account of how apps can be used to collect data suitable for documenting language change: we created an app, Dialäkt Äpp (DÄ), which predicts users’ dialects. For 16 linguistic variables, users select a dialectal variant from a drop-down menu. DÄ then geographically locates the user’s dialect by suggesting a list of communes where dialect variants most similar to their choices are used. Underlying this prediction are 16 maps from the historical Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland, which documents the linguistic situation around 1950. Where users disagree with the prediction, they can indicate what they consider to be their dialect’s location. With this information, the 16 variables can be assessed for language change. Thanks to the playfulness of its functionality, DÄ has reached many users; our linguistic analyses are based on data from nearly 60,000 speakers. Results reveal a relative stability for phonetic variables, while lexical and morphological variables seem more prone to change. Crowdsourcing large amounts of dialect data with smartphone apps has the potential to complement existing data collection techniques and to provide evidence that traditional methods cannot, with normal resources, hope to gather. Nonetheless, it is important to emphasize a range of methodological caveats, including sparse knowledge of users’ linguistic backgrounds (users only indicate age, sex) and users’ self-declaration of their dialect. These are discussed and evaluated in detail here. Findings remain intriguing nevertheless: as a means of quality control, we report that traditional dialectological methods have revealed trends similar to those found by the app. This underlines the validity of the crowdsourcing method. We are presently extending DÄ architecture to other languages. PMID:26726775

Civil Defense in Soviet Strategic Perceptions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

responses. It would also be costly and highly disruptive of Soviet social and economic life. The Soviets would have the option of announcing its imminent...priorities and sensitivities. o U.S. targeting doctrine and like methods of employment of media weapons. o The significance and possible political-military...dialectic process in the relationship between states with opposing social - political systems, i.e., communist and capitalist, and of the historically

DIMENSION-BASED STATISTICAL LEARNING OF VOWELS

PubMed Central

Liu, Ran; Holt, Lori L.

2015-01-01

Speech perception depends on long-term representations that reflect regularities of the native language. However, listeners rapidly adapt when speech acoustics deviate from these regularities due to talker idiosyncrasies such as foreign accents and dialects. To better understand these dual aspects of speech perception, we probe native English listeners’ baseline perceptual weighting of two acoustic dimensions (spectral quality and vowel duration) towards vowel categorization and examine how they subsequently adapt to an “artificial accent” that deviates from English norms in the correlation between the two dimensions. At baseline, listeners rely relatively more on spectral quality than vowel duration to signal vowel category, but duration nonetheless contributes. Upon encountering an “artificial accent” in which the spectral-duration correlation is perturbed relative to English language norms, listeners rapidly down-weight reliance on duration. Listeners exhibit this type of short-term statistical learning even in the context of nonwords, confirming that lexical information is not necessary to this form of adaptive plasticity in speech perception. Moreover, learning generalizes to both novel lexical contexts and acoustically-distinct altered voices. These findings are discussed in the context of a mechanistic proposal for how supervised learning may contribute to this type of adaptive plasticity in speech perception. PMID:26280268

East Learns from West: Asiatic Honeybees Can Understand Dance Language of European Honeybees

PubMed Central

Su, Songkun; Cai, Fang; Si, Aung; Zhang, Shaowu; Tautz, Jürgen; Chen, Shenglu

2008-01-01

The honeybee waggle dance, through which foragers advertise the existence and location of a food source to their hive mates, is acknowledged as the only known form of symbolic communication in an invertebrate. However, the suggestion, that different species of honeybee might possess distinct ‘dialects’ of the waggle dance, remains controversial. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether different species of honeybee can learn from and communicate with each other. This study reports experiments using a mixed-species colony that is composed of the Asiatic bee Apis cerana cerana (Acc), and the European bee Apis mellifera ligustica (Aml). Using video recordings made at an observation hive, we first confirm that Acc and Aml have significantly different dance dialects, even when made to forage in identical environments. When reared in the same colony, these two species are able to communicate with each other: Acc foragers could decode the dances of Aml to successfully locate an indicated food source. We believe that this is the first report of successful symbolic communication between two honeybee species; our study hints at the possibility of social learning between the two honeybee species, and at the existence of a learning component in the honeybee dance language. PMID:18523550

Skills Practice in Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Suicidal Women Meeting Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindenboim, Noam; Comtois, Katherine Anne; Linehan, Marsha M.

2007-01-01

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based practice for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and suicidal behavior that has been replicated with a variety of populations. Patients' practice of behavioral skills taught in the group skills training component of DBT may be partly responsible for the positive treatment outcomes according…

Development and Clinical Outcomes of a Dialectical Behavior Therapy Clinic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lajoie, Travis; Sonkiss, Joshua; Rich, Anne

2011-01-01

Objective: The authors describe the first 6 months of a dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) clinic operated by trainees in a general adult psychiatry residency program. The purpose of this report is to provide a model for the creation and maintenance of a formalized resident DBT clinic. Methods: Residents participated in the DBT clinic, attended a…

Sentence Recall by Children with SLI across Two Nonmainstream Dialects of English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oetting, Janna B.; McDonald, Janet L.; Seidel, Christy M.; Hegarty, Michael

2016-01-01

Purpose: The inability to accurately recall sentences has proven to be a clinical marker of specific language impairment (SLI); this task yields moderate-to-high levels of sensitivity and specificity. However, it is not yet known if these results hold for speakers of dialects whose nonmainstream grammatical productions overlap with those that are…

The Dialectics of African Education and Western Discourses: Counter-Hegemonic Perspectives. Black Studies and Critical Thinking. Volume 21

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Handel Kashope, Ed.; Abdi, Ali A., Ed.

2012-01-01

"The Dialectics of African Education and Western Discourses" addresses how continental Africans who have worked or are currently working in the Canadian academy address their dual legacy of African and Euro-American knowledge paradigms. Reflecting a range of approaches to hegemonic Euro-American paradigms that can be summarized as…

Cambodian Basic Course; Volume One, Units 1-45.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noss, Richard B.; Proum, Im

This Basic Course attempts to provide samples of two different Cambodian dialects--Standard Cambodian, the approved speech style of public education and mass communication, and the dialect of Phnom Penh. The material is arranged in groups of five units with a common theme. The first four units of each sequence are based on Dialogs, usually in the…

Hit and Miss: Referee Design in the Dialects of New Zealand Television Advertisements.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Allan

1992-01-01

Referee design offers a rich field for social and cultural analysis. The preponderance of foreign-dialect advertisements in New Zealand (NZ) broadcasting is discussed and concluded to reflect a small nation's focus on the prestige of other culturally powerful nations and the comparative lack of NZ linguistic diversity. (24 references) (LB)

Teaching Standard Italian to Dialect Speakers: A Pedagogical Perspective of Linguistic Systems in Contact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Danesi, Marcel

1974-01-01

The teaching of standard Italian to speakers of Italian dialects both in Italy and in North America is discussed, specifically through a specialized pedagogical program within the framework of a sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic perspective, and based on a structural analysis of linguistic systems in contact. Italian programs in Toronto are…

The Role of Language in Interactions with Others on Campus for Rural Appalachian College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunstan, Stephany Brett; Jaeger, Audrey J.

2016-01-01

Dialects of English spoken in rural, Southern Appalachia are heavily stigmatized in mainstream American culture, and speakers of Appalachian dialects are often subject to prejudice and stereotypes which can be detrimental in educational settings. We explored the experiences of rural, Southern Appalachian college students and the role speaking a…

Reading Interventions for the Improvements of the Reading Performances of Bilingual and Bi-Dialectal Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Afra Kaletta

2012-01-01

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study examines the effects of reading interventions for bi-lingual and bi-dialectal Broward County School District middle school children using research-based strategies combined with metacognitive and meta-comprehension frameworks. The experimental study reports findings on the effects of an 8-week…

Dialectical Behavior Therapy in College Counseling Centers: Current Literature and Implications for Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chugani, Carla D.

2015-01-01

This article examines the topic of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) applied in college counseling centers. Trends in mental health issues on college campuses are briefly reviewed in support of the increased need for evidence-based treatment of severe mental health issues. The article next presents an overview of the standard DBT model and…

Acoustic Analyses and Intelligibility Assessments of Timing Patterns among Chinese English Learners with Different Dialect Backgrounds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Hsueh Chu

2015-01-01

This paper includes two interrelated studies. The first production study investigates the timing patterns of English as spoken by Chinese learners with different dialect backgrounds. The second comprehension study explores native and non-native speakers' assessments of the intelligibility of Chinese-accented English, and examines the effects of…

The Challenge of White Dialectics: Making the "Invisible" Visible

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sue, Derald Wing

2011-01-01

In this article, the author comments on the substance of Todd and Abrams's study on "White Dialectics: A New Framework for Theory, Research, and Practice With White Students" (2011). The study is a major contribution to the importance of raising awareness of how Whiteness, White privilege, and one's own complicity in the perpetuation of racism are…

Dialect, Power and Politics: Standard English and Adolescent Identities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brady, Jude

2015-01-01

This paper examines the official requirement for the promotion of standard English using Bourdieu's concepts of the production and reproduction of legitimate language. It explores the political drive behind the demand for this standard dialect in England and, through a survey on the views of fifty-two 14 and 15 year olds, analyses the impact that…

Piloting a Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) Infused Skills Group in a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program (DAEP)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ricard, Richard J.; Lerma, Eunice; Heard, Courtney C. C.

2013-01-01

This study explored the impact of a 4-week skills group intervention based on the principles of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) with a sample of adolescents attending a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program. This article provides a session-by-session overview of activities adapted from DBT-specified training modules of mindfulness,…

Pronouns of Address in Informal Contexts: A Comparison of Two Dialects of Colombian Spanish

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Millan, Monica

2011-01-01

The paradigm of forms of address in Modern Spanish is subject to dialectal variation. Many Latin American varieties of Spanish, i.e. Costa Rican, Argentinean, Chilean, among others, display a tripartite system of second person pronouns comprised of "tú," "usted" and "vos." The case of Colombian Spanish is particularly…

Le changement linguistique en ville: l'exemple de Bale (Linguistic Change in the City: The Example of Bale).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hofer, Lorenz; Buhofer, Annelies Hacki

2001-01-01

Dialect leveling in German-speaking Switzerland is different from dialect leveling in Germany. In contrast to lexical changes, phonological and morphological changes do not follow an evolutionary direction. Research from Basel, Switzerland shows different varieties of the urban repertoire, which are all considered "Baseldeutsch" by their…

Respecting Black English as a Style of Discourse.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newell, Kavatus R.

This paper offers a brief but comprehensive overview of various issues pertaining to the use and origins of Black English. The purpose of the paper is to help educators understand Black English and celebrate this dialect in class while facilitating the acquisition of Standard English. It holds that Ebonics is a dialect of English with its own set…

The Reliability of Recorded Text Test Scores: Widespread Inconsistent Intelligibility Testing in Minority Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoder, Zachariah

2017-01-01

The recorded text test (RTT) is commonly used to test dialect intelligibility, often to inform language development decisions. More than 25 papers using the RTT method were published on www.sil.org/silesr from January 2009 to March 2013. As introduced by Casad [1974. "Dialect Intelligibility Testing." Summer Institute of Linguistics…

Dialectic and Dialogue in Plato: Refuting the Model of Socrates-as-Teacher in the Pursuit of Authentic "Paideia"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Magrini, James Michael

2014-01-01

Incorporating Gadamer and other thinkers from the continental tradition, this essay is a close and detailed hermeneutic, phenomenological, and ontological study of the dialectic practice of Plato's Socrates--it radicalizes and refutes the Socrates-as-teacher model that educators from scholar academic ideology embrace.

Structural and Dialectal Characteristics of the Fictional and Personal Narratives of School-Age African American Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills, Monique T.; Watkins, Ruth V.; Washington, Julie A.

2013-01-01

Purpose: To report preliminary comparisons of developing structural and dialectal characteristics associated with fictional and personal narratives in school-age African American children. Method: Forty-three children, Grades 2-5, generated a fictional narrative and a personal narrative in response to a wordless-book elicitation task and a…

Dialect Awareness and Lexical Comprehension of Mainstream American English in African American English-Speaking Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Jan; Gross, Megan; Chen, Jianshen; MacDonald, Maryellen C.; Kaplan, David; Brown, Megan; Seidenberg, Mark S.

2014-01-01

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the relationships among minority dialect use, language ability, and young African American English (AAE)-speaking children's understanding and awareness of Mainstream American English (MAE). Method: Eighty-three 4- to 8-year-old AAE-speaking children participated in 2 experimental tasks. One task…

Chinese Dialects in Southeast Asia. Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 7 No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leok Har Chan

This paper discusses the dialects of the Chinese people who have settled in various countries of Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Burma, Thailand, Laos, North and South Vietnam, and the Khmer Republic. Data are first given regarding the area in general. The data are then broken down according to individual…

Teaching Mandarin to Speakers of Other Dialects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munro, Stanley R.

Despite a common attitude that it is very difficult, and possibly unwise, to try to teach Mandarin Chinese to speakers of other dialects, there is a social and academic need for this kind of course, and it is possible to teach it successfully to most students. In the University of Alberta's program the likely candidates are the large group of…

Spreading the Word: Language and Dialect in America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McWhorter, John

This short book argues that the idea that there is one best English--or standard English--is wrong, and that nonstandard dialects are not bastardizations of standard English but alternate variations upon the basic plan of English, of which the standard one. With a general focus on classroom applications, this book makes accessible to teachers,…

Specific Linguistic Profiles in a Creole-Speaking Area: Children's Speech on Reunion Island

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lebon-Eyquem, Mylène

2015-01-01

Linguists use the concept of "diglossia" to describe any sociolinguistic situation where a low-prestige dialect coexists with a high-prestige one and these dialects are used in different social spheres. Recent observations on Reunion Island have challenged this view because people mix French and Creole extensively in the same utterance…

Skills Development, Habits of Mind, and the Spiral Curriculum: A Dialectical Approach to Undergraduate General Education Curriculum Mapping

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, Jeffrey W.

2016-01-01

This essay seeks to contribute to growing discussion concerning the need for more intentional inclusion of habits of mind in curriculum development, particularly in undergraduate general education, and to fuel an examination of the "dialectical" relationship between skills development and the development of habits of mind. The essay…

Dialectical Behavior Therapy in College Counseling Centers: Current Trends and Barriers to Implementation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chugani, Carla D.; Landes, Sara J.

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine trends and barriers in implementation of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) programs in college counseling centers (CCCs). Participants were 107 CCC employees who participated in an electronic survey. One third of respondents endorsed use or planned use of DBT at their centers. The most prevalent primary…

Health Information in Levantine (Arabic dialect) (الـلَّـهْـجَـةُ الـشَّـامِـيَّـة)

MedlinePlus

... الـلَّـهْـجَـةُ الـشَّـامِـيَّـة (Levantine (Arabic dialect)) MP3 Karen Chemical Dependency Taskforce of Minnesota How Beer and Alcohol Affect ... الـلَّـهْـجَـةُ الـشَّـامِـيَّـة (Levantine (Arabic dialect)) MP3 Karen Chemical Dependency Taskforce of Minnesota Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse How ...

The influence of sex, race and dialect on peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia in Singapore.

PubMed

Kang, J Y; Guan, R; LaBrooy, S J; Lim, K P; Yap, I

1983-10-01

A consecutive series of 2,277 patients presenting for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was analysed. The following groups of patients were studied with reference to sex, race and dialect groups: those presenting with dyspepsia but no haemorrhage, those presenting with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, those with non-ulcer dyspepsia, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Males out-numbered females in all diagnostic groups. Male and female Malays were under-represented in all diagnostic groups when compared to the Singapore population. Amongst female Chinese, there was an excess of Cantonese patients and an under-representation of Teochew patients in most diagnostic groups. These dialect differences were not remarkable amongst male Chinese. The possible reasons for these differences and their significance are discussed.