Sample records for dimensionality reduction dr
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TPSLVM: a dimensionality reduction algorithm based on thin plate splines.
Jiang, Xinwei; Gao, Junbin; Wang, Tianjiang; Shi, Daming
2014-10-01
Dimensionality reduction (DR) has been considered as one of the most significant tools for data analysis. One type of DR algorithms is based on latent variable models (LVM). LVM-based models can handle the preimage problem easily. In this paper we propose a new LVM-based DR model, named thin plate spline latent variable model (TPSLVM). Compared to the well-known Gaussian process latent variable model (GPLVM), our proposed TPSLVM is more powerful especially when the dimensionality of the latent space is low. Also, TPSLVM is robust to shift and rotation. This paper investigates two extensions of TPSLVM, i.e., the back-constrained TPSLVM (BC-TPSLVM) and TPSLVM with dynamics (TPSLVM-DM) as well as their combination BC-TPSLVM-DM. Experimental results show that TPSLVM and its extensions provide better data visualization and more efficient dimensionality reduction compared to PCA, GPLVM, ISOMAP, etc.
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A trace ratio maximization approach to multiple kernel-based dimensionality reduction.
Jiang, Wenhao; Chung, Fu-lai
2014-01-01
Most dimensionality reduction techniques are based on one metric or one kernel, hence it is necessary to select an appropriate kernel for kernel-based dimensionality reduction. Multiple kernel learning for dimensionality reduction (MKL-DR) has been recently proposed to learn a kernel from a set of base kernels which are seen as different descriptions of data. As MKL-DR does not involve regularization, it might be ill-posed under some conditions and consequently its applications are hindered. This paper proposes a multiple kernel learning framework for dimensionality reduction based on regularized trace ratio, termed as MKL-TR. Our method aims at learning a transformation into a space of lower dimension and a corresponding kernel from the given base kernels among which some may not be suitable for the given data. The solutions for the proposed framework can be found based on trace ratio maximization. The experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in benchmark datasets, which include text, image and sound datasets, for supervised, unsupervised as well as semi-supervised settings. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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2012-01-01
Background Dimensionality reduction (DR) enables the construction of a lower dimensional space (embedding) from a higher dimensional feature space while preserving object-class discriminability. However several popular DR approaches suffer from sensitivity to choice of parameters and/or presence of noise in the data. In this paper, we present a novel DR technique known as consensus embedding that aims to overcome these problems by generating and combining multiple low-dimensional embeddings, hence exploiting the variance among them in a manner similar to ensemble classifier schemes such as Bagging. We demonstrate theoretical properties of consensus embedding which show that it will result in a single stable embedding solution that preserves information more accurately as compared to any individual embedding (generated via DR schemes such as Principal Component Analysis, Graph Embedding, or Locally Linear Embedding). Intelligent sub-sampling (via mean-shift) and code parallelization are utilized to provide for an efficient implementation of the scheme. Results Applications of consensus embedding are shown in the context of classification and clustering as applied to: (1) image partitioning of white matter and gray matter on 10 different synthetic brain MRI images corrupted with 18 different combinations of noise and bias field inhomogeneity, (2) classification of 4 high-dimensional gene-expression datasets, (3) cancer detection (at a pixel-level) on 16 image slices obtained from 2 different high-resolution prostate MRI datasets. In over 200 different experiments concerning classification and segmentation of biomedical data, consensus embedding was found to consistently outperform both linear and non-linear DR methods within all applications considered. Conclusions We have presented a novel framework termed consensus embedding which leverages ensemble classification theory within dimensionality reduction, allowing for application to a wide range of high-dimensional biomedical data classification and segmentation problems. Our generalizable framework allows for improved representation and classification in the context of both imaging and non-imaging data. The algorithm offers a promising solution to problems that currently plague DR methods, and may allow for extension to other areas of biomedical data analysis. PMID:22316103
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Zhang, Zhao; Zhao, Mingbo; Chow, Tommy W S
2012-12-01
In this work, sub-manifold projections based semi-supervised dimensionality reduction (DR) problem learning from partial constrained data is discussed. Two semi-supervised DR algorithms termed Marginal Semi-Supervised Sub-Manifold Projections (MS³MP) and orthogonal MS³MP (OMS³MP) are proposed. MS³MP in the singular case is also discussed. We also present the weighted least squares view of MS³MP. Based on specifying the types of neighborhoods with pairwise constraints (PC) and the defined manifold scatters, our methods can preserve the local properties of all points and discriminant structures embedded in the localized PC. The sub-manifolds of different classes can also be separated. In PC guided methods, exploring and selecting the informative constraints is challenging and random constraint subsets significantly affect the performance of algorithms. This paper also introduces an effective technique to select the informative constraints for DR with consistent constraints. The analytic form of the projection axes can be obtained by eigen-decomposition. The connections between this work and other related work are also elaborated. The validity of the proposed constraint selection approach and DR algorithms are evaluated by benchmark problems. Extensive simulations show that our algorithms can deliver promising results over some widely used state-of-the-art semi-supervised DR techniques. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sogaro, Francesca; Poole, Robert; Dennis, David
2014-11-01
High-speed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry has been performed in fully developed turbulent pipe flow at moderate Reynolds numbers with and without a drag-reducing additive (an aqueous solution of high molecular weight polyacrylamide). Three-dimensional large and very large-scale motions (LSM and VLSM) are extracted from the flow fields by a detection algorithm and the characteristics for each case are statistically compared. The results show that the three-dimensional extent of VLSMs in drag reduced (DR) flow appears to increase significantly compared to their Newtonian counterparts. A statistical increase in azimuthal extent of DR VLSM is observed by means of two-point spatial autocorrelation of the streamwise velocity fluctuation in the radial-azimuthal plane. Furthermore, a remarkable increase in length of these structures is observed by three-dimensional two-point spatial autocorrelation. These results are accompanied by an analysis of the swirling strength in the flow field that shows a significant reduction in strength and number of the vortices for the DR flow. The findings suggest that the damping of the small scales due to polymer addition results in the undisturbed development of longer flow structures.
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M-Isomap: Orthogonal Constrained Marginal Isomap for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction.
Zhang, Zhao; Chow, Tommy W S; Zhao, Mingbo
2013-02-01
Isomap is a well-known nonlinear dimensionality reduction (DR) method, aiming at preserving geodesic distances of all similarity pairs for delivering highly nonlinear manifolds. Isomap is efficient in visualizing synthetic data sets, but it usually delivers unsatisfactory results in benchmark cases. This paper incorporates the pairwise constraints into Isomap and proposes a marginal Isomap (M-Isomap) for manifold learning. The pairwise Cannot-Link and Must-Link constraints are used to specify the types of neighborhoods. M-Isomap computes the shortest path distances over constrained neighborhood graphs and guides the nonlinear DR through separating the interclass neighbors. As a result, large margins between both interand intraclass clusters are delivered and enhanced compactness of intracluster points is achieved at the same time. The validity of M-Isomap is examined by extensive simulations over synthetic, University of California, Irvine, and benchmark real Olivetti Research Library, YALE, and CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression databases. The data visualization and clustering power of M-Isomap are compared with those of six related DR methods. The visualization results show that M-Isomap is able to deliver more separate clusters. Clustering evaluations also demonstrate that M-Isomap delivers comparable or even better results than some state-of-the-art DR algorithms.
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Four-dimensional MRI using an internal respiratory surrogate derived by dimensionality reduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Uh, Jinsoo; Ayaz Khan, M.; Hua, Chiaho
2016-11-01
This study aimed to develop a practical and accurate 4-dimensional (4D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method using a non-navigator, image-based internal respiratory surrogate derived by dimensionality reduction (DR). The use of DR has been previously suggested but not implemented for reconstructing 4D MRI, despite its practical advantages. We compared multiple image-acquisition schemes and refined a retrospective-sorting process to optimally implement a DR-derived surrogate. The comparison included an unconventional scheme that acquires paired slices alternately to mitigate the internal surrogate’s dependency on a specific slice location. We introduced ‘target-oriented sorting’, as opposed to conventional binning, to quantify the coherence in retrospectively sorted images, thereby determining the minimal scan time needed for sufficient coherence. This study focused on evaluating the proposed method using digital phantoms which provided unequivocal gold standard. The evaluation indicated that the DR-based respiratory surrogate is highly accurate: the error in amplitude percentile of the surrogate signal was less than 5% with the optimal scheme. Acquiring alternating paired slices was superior to the conventional scheme of acquiring individual slices; the advantage of the unconventional scheme was more pronounced when a substantial phase shift occurred across slice locations. The analysis of coherence across sorted images confirmed the advantage of higher sampling efficiencies in non-navigator respiratory surrogates. We determined that a scan time of 20 s per imaging slice was sufficient to achieve a mean coherence error of less than 1% for the tested respiratory patterns. The clinical applicability of the proposed 4D MRI has been demonstrated with volunteers and patients. The diaphragm motion in 4D MRI was consistent with that in dynamic 2D imaging which was regarded as the gold standard (difference within 1.8 mm on average).
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Jamieson, Andrew R; Giger, Maryellen L; Drukker, Karen; Li, Hui; Yuan, Yading; Bhooshan, Neha
2010-01-01
In this preliminary study, recently developed unsupervised nonlinear dimension reduction (DR) and data representation techniques were applied to computer-extracted breast lesion feature spaces across three separate imaging modalities: Ultrasound (U.S.) with 1126 cases, dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with 356 cases, and full-field digital mammography with 245 cases. Two methods for nonlinear DR were explored: Laplacian eigenmaps [M. Belkin and P. Niyogi, "Laplacian eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation," Neural Comput. 15, 1373-1396 (2003)] and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) [L. van der Maaten and G. Hinton, "Visualizing data using t-SNE," J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 2579-2605 (2008)]. These methods attempt to map originally high dimensional feature spaces to more human interpretable lower dimensional spaces while preserving both local and global information. The properties of these methods as applied to breast computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) were evaluated in the context of malignancy classification performance as well as in the visual inspection of the sparseness within the two-dimensional and three-dimensional mappings. Classification performance was estimated by using the reduced dimension mapped feature output as input into both linear and nonlinear classifiers: Markov chain Monte Carlo based Bayesian artificial neural network (MCMC-BANN) and linear discriminant analysis. The new techniques were compared to previously developed breast CADx methodologies, including automatic relevance determination and linear stepwise (LSW) feature selection, as well as a linear DR method based on principal component analysis. Using ROC analysis and 0.632+bootstrap validation, 95% empirical confidence intervals were computed for the each classifier's AUC performance. In the large U.S. data set, sample high performance results include, AUC0.632+ = 0.88 with 95% empirical bootstrap interval [0.787;0.895] for 13 ARD selected features and AUC0.632+ = 0.87 with interval [0.817;0.906] for four LSW selected features compared to 4D t-SNE mapping (from the original 81D feature space) giving AUC0.632+ = 0.90 with interval [0.847;0.919], all using the MCMC-BANN. Preliminary results appear to indicate capability for the new methods to match or exceed classification performance of current advanced breast lesion CADx algorithms. While not appropriate as a complete replacement of feature selection in CADx problems, DR techniques offer a complementary approach, which can aid elucidation of additional properties associated with the data. Specifically, the new techniques were shown to possess the added benefit of delivering sparse lower dimensional representations for visual interpretation, revealing intricate data structure of the feature space.
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Variable importance in nonlinear kernels (VINK): classification of digitized histopathology.
Ginsburg, Shoshana; Ali, Sahirzeeshan; Lee, George; Basavanhally, Ajay; Madabhushi, Anant
2013-01-01
Quantitative histomorphometry is the process of modeling appearance of disease morphology on digitized histopathology images via image-based features (e.g., texture, graphs). Due to the curse of dimensionality, building classifiers with large numbers of features requires feature selection (which may require a large training set) or dimensionality reduction (DR). DR methods map the original high-dimensional features in terms of eigenvectors and eigenvalues, which limits the potential for feature transparency or interpretability. Although methods exist for variable selection and ranking on embeddings obtained via linear DR schemes (e.g., principal components analysis (PCA)), similar methods do not yet exist for nonlinear DR (NLDR) methods. In this work we present a simple yet elegant method for approximating the mapping between the data in the original feature space and the transformed data in the kernel PCA (KPCA) embedding space; this mapping provides the basis for quantification of variable importance in nonlinear kernels (VINK). We show how VINK can be implemented in conjunction with the popular Isomap and Laplacian eigenmap algorithms. VINK is evaluated in the contexts of three different problems in digital pathology: (1) predicting five year PSA failure following radical prostatectomy, (2) predicting Oncotype DX recurrence risk scores for ER+ breast cancers, and (3) distinguishing good and poor outcome p16+ oropharyngeal tumors. We demonstrate that subsets of features identified by VINK provide similar or better classification or regression performance compared to the original high dimensional feature sets.
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Using Betweenness Centrality to Identify Manifold Shortcuts
Cukierski, William J.; Foran, David J.
2010-01-01
High-dimensional data presents a challenge to tasks of pattern recognition and machine learning. Dimensionality reduction (DR) methods remove the unwanted variance and make these tasks tractable. Several nonlinear DR methods, such as the well known ISOMAP algorithm, rely on a neighborhood graph to compute geodesic distances between data points. These graphs can contain unwanted edges which connect disparate regions of one or more manifolds. This topological sensitivity is well known [1], [2], [3], yet handling high-dimensional, noisy data in the absence of a priori manifold knowledge, remains an open and difficult problem. This work introduces a divisive, edge-removal method based on graph betweenness centrality which can robustly identify manifold-shorting edges. The problem of graph construction in high dimension is discussed and the proposed algorithm is fit into the ISOMAP workflow. ROC analysis is performed and the performance is tested on synthetic and real datasets. PMID:20607142
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Laloy, Eric; Hérault, Romain; Lee, John; Jacques, Diederik; Linde, Niklas
2017-12-01
Efficient and high-fidelity prior sampling and inversion for complex geological media is still a largely unsolved challenge. Here, we use a deep neural network of the variational autoencoder type to construct a parametric low-dimensional base model parameterization of complex binary geological media. For inversion purposes, it has the attractive feature that random draws from an uncorrelated standard normal distribution yield model realizations with spatial characteristics that are in agreement with the training set. In comparison with the most commonly used parametric representations in probabilistic inversion, we find that our dimensionality reduction (DR) approach outperforms principle component analysis (PCA), optimization-PCA (OPCA) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) DR techniques for unconditional geostatistical simulation of a channelized prior model. For the considered examples, important compression ratios (200-500) are achieved. Given that the construction of our parameterization requires a training set of several tens of thousands of prior model realizations, our DR approach is more suited for probabilistic (or deterministic) inversion than for unconditional (or point-conditioned) geostatistical simulation. Probabilistic inversions of 2D steady-state and 3D transient hydraulic tomography data are used to demonstrate the DR-based inversion. For the 2D case study, the performance is superior compared to current state-of-the-art multiple-point statistics inversion by sequential geostatistical resampling (SGR). Inversion results for the 3D application are also encouraging.
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Jamieson, Andrew R.; Giger, Maryellen L.; Drukker, Karen; Li, Hui; Yuan, Yading; Bhooshan, Neha
2010-01-01
Purpose: In this preliminary study, recently developed unsupervised nonlinear dimension reduction (DR) and data representation techniques were applied to computer-extracted breast lesion feature spaces across three separate imaging modalities: Ultrasound (U.S.) with 1126 cases, dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with 356 cases, and full-field digital mammography with 245 cases. Two methods for nonlinear DR were explored: Laplacian eigenmaps [M. Belkin and P. Niyogi, “Laplacian eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation,” Neural Comput. 15, 1373–1396 (2003)] and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) [L. van der Maaten and G. Hinton, “Visualizing data using t-SNE,” J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 2579–2605 (2008)]. Methods: These methods attempt to map originally high dimensional feature spaces to more human interpretable lower dimensional spaces while preserving both local and global information. The properties of these methods as applied to breast computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) were evaluated in the context of malignancy classification performance as well as in the visual inspection of the sparseness within the two-dimensional and three-dimensional mappings. Classification performance was estimated by using the reduced dimension mapped feature output as input into both linear and nonlinear classifiers: Markov chain Monte Carlo based Bayesian artificial neural network (MCMC-BANN) and linear discriminant analysis. The new techniques were compared to previously developed breast CADx methodologies, including automatic relevance determination and linear stepwise (LSW) feature selection, as well as a linear DR method based on principal component analysis. Using ROC analysis and 0.632+bootstrap validation, 95% empirical confidence intervals were computed for the each classifier’s AUC performance. Results: In the large U.S. data set, sample high performance results include, AUC0.632+=0.88 with 95% empirical bootstrap interval [0.787;0.895] for 13 ARD selected features and AUC0.632+=0.87 with interval [0.817;0.906] for four LSW selected features compared to 4D t-SNE mapping (from the original 81D feature space) giving AUC0.632+=0.90 with interval [0.847;0.919], all using the MCMC-BANN. Conclusions: Preliminary results appear to indicate capability for the new methods to match or exceed classification performance of current advanced breast lesion CADx algorithms. While not appropriate as a complete replacement of feature selection in CADx problems, DR techniques offer a complementary approach, which can aid elucidation of additional properties associated with the data. Specifically, the new techniques were shown to possess the added benefit of delivering sparse lower dimensional representations for visual interpretation, revealing intricate data structure of the feature space. PMID:20175497
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lakzian, Esmail; Masoudifar, Amir; Saghi, Hassan
2017-03-01
In this paper, a novel explicit equation is presented for the friction factor prediction in the annular flow with drag reducing polymer (DRP). By using dimensional analyses and curve fitting on the published experimental data, the suggested equation is derived based on the logarithmic velocity profiles and power law in boundary layers. In the next step, a least squares method is used to calibrate the presented equation. Then, the equation is used to friction factor prediction of the gas-liquid mixture with DRP and the results are compared with the experimental data and the Al-Sarkhi ones. Finally, drag reduction (DR) is applied as the ratio of the friction factor reduction using DRP to the friction factor without DRP. The DR results show that the suggested equation has a better agreement with the experimental data in comparison with the pervious equations. The results also show that DR prediction decreases with the increase of the gas superficial velocity.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, Zhangjun; Liu, Zenghui; Peng, Yongbo
2018-03-01
In view of the Fourier-Stieltjes integral formula of multivariate stationary stochastic processes, a unified formulation accommodating spectral representation method (SRM) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is deduced. By introducing random functions as constraints correlating the orthogonal random variables involved in the unified formulation, the dimension-reduction spectral representation method (DR-SRM) and the dimension-reduction proper orthogonal decomposition (DR-POD) are addressed. The proposed schemes are capable of representing the multivariate stationary stochastic process with a few elementary random variables, bypassing the challenges of high-dimensional random variables inherent in the conventional Monte Carlo methods. In order to accelerate the numerical simulation, the technique of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is integrated with the proposed schemes. For illustrative purposes, the simulation of horizontal wind velocity field along the deck of a large-span bridge is proceeded using the proposed methods containing 2 and 3 elementary random variables. Numerical simulation reveals the usefulness of the dimension-reduction representation methods.
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Li, Yuan; Wu, Qun Hong; Jiao, Ming Li; Fan, Xiao Hong; Hu, Quan; Hao, Yan Hua; Liu, Ruo Hong; Zhang, Wei; Cui, Yu; Han, Li Yuan
2015-01-01
To evaluate whether the adiponectin gene is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk and interaction with environmental factors modifies the DR risk, and to investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and DR. Four adiponectin polymorphisms were evaluated in 372 DR cases and 145 controls. Differences in environmental factors between cases and controls were evaluated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. The model-free multifactor dimensionality reduction method and traditional multiple regression models were applied to explore interactions between the polymorphisms and environmental factors. Using the Bonferroni method, we found no significant associations between four adiponectin polymorphisms and DR susceptibility. Multivariate logistic regression found that physical activity played a protective role in the progress of DR, whereas family history of diabetes (odds ratio 1.75) and insulin therapy (odds ratio 1.78) were associated with an increased risk for DR. The interaction between the C-11377 G (rs266729) polymorphism and insulin therapy might be associated with DR risk. Family history of diabetes combined with insulin therapy also increased the risk of DR. No adiponectin gene polymorphisms influenced the serum adiponectin levels. Serum adiponectin levels did not differ between the DR group and non-DR group. No significant association was identified between four adiponectin polymorphisms and DR susceptibility after stringent Bonferroni correction. The interaction between C-11377G (rs266729) polymorphism and insulin therapy, as well as the interaction between family history of diabetes and insulin therapy, might be associated with DR susceptibility.
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Simulated bi-SQUID Arrays Performing Direction Finding
2015-09-01
First, we applied the multiple signal classification ( MUSIC ) algorithm on linearly polarized signals. We included multiple signals in the output...both of the same frequency and different fre- quencies. Next, we explored a modified MUSIC algorithm called dimensionality reduction MUSIC (DR- MUSIC ... MUSIC algorithm is able to determine the AoA from the simulated SQUID data for linearly polarized signals. The MUSIC algorithm could accurately find
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Koshak, William; Krider, E. Philip; Murray, Natalie; Boccippio, Dennis
2007-01-01
A "dimensional reduction" (DR) method is introduced for analyzing lightning field changes whereby the number of unknowns in a discrete two-charge model is reduced from the standard eight to just four. The four unknowns are found by performing a numerical minimization of a chi-squared goodness-of-fit function. At each step of the minimization, an Overdetermined Fixed Matrix (OFM) method is used to immediately retrieve the best "residual source". In this way, all 8 parameters are found, yet a numerical search of only 4 parameters is required. The inversion method is applied to the understanding of lightning charge retrievals. The accuracy of the DR method has been assessed by comparing retrievals with data provided by the Lightning Detection And Ranging (LDAR) instrument. Because lightning effectively deposits charge within thundercloud charge centers and because LDAR traces the geometrical development of the lightning channel with high precision, the LDAR data provides an ideal constraint for finding the best model charge solutions. In particular, LDAR data can be used to help determine both the horizontal and vertical positions of the model charges, thereby eliminating dipole ambiguities. The results of the LDAR-constrained charge retrieval method have been compared to the locations of optical pulses/flash locations detected by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS).
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Koshak, W. J.; Krider, E. P.; Murray, N.; Boccippio, D. J.
2007-01-01
A "dimensional reduction" (DR) method is introduced for analyzing lightning field changes (DELTAEs) whereby the number of unknowns in a discrete two-charge model is reduced from the standard eight (x, y, z, Q, x', y', z', Q') to just four (x, y, z, Q). The four unknowns (x, y, z, Q) are found by performing a numerical minimization of a chi-square function. At each step of the minimization, an Overdetermined Fixed Matrix (OFM) method is used to immediately retrieve the best "residual source" (x', y', z', Q'), given the values of (x, y, z, Q). In this way, all 8 parameters (x, y, z, Q, x', y', z', Q') are found, yet a numerical search of only 4 parameters (x, y, z, Q) is required. The DR method has been used to analyze lightning-caused DeltaEs derived from multiple ground-based electric field measurements at the NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and USAF Eastern Range (ER). The accuracy of the DR method has been assessed by comparing retrievals with data provided by the Lightning Detection And Ranging (LDAR) system at the KSC-ER, and from least squares error estimation theory, and the method is shown to be a useful "stand-alone" charge retrieval tool. Since more than one charge distribution describes a finite set of DELTAEs (i.e., solutions are non-unique), and since there can exist appreciable differences in the physical characteristics of these solutions, not all DR solutions are physically acceptable. Hence, an alternative and more accurate method of analysis is introduced that uses LDAR data to constrain the geometry of the charge solutions, thereby removing physically unacceptable retrievals. The charge solutions derived from this method are shown to compare well with independent satellite- and ground-based observations of lightning in several Florida storms.
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Spectral embedding finds meaningful (relevant) structure in image and microarray data
Higgs, Brandon W; Weller, Jennifer; Solka, Jeffrey L
2006-01-01
Background Accurate methods for extraction of meaningful patterns in high dimensional data have become increasingly important with the recent generation of data types containing measurements across thousands of variables. Principal components analysis (PCA) is a linear dimensionality reduction (DR) method that is unsupervised in that it relies only on the data; projections are calculated in Euclidean or a similar linear space and do not use tuning parameters for optimizing the fit to the data. However, relationships within sets of nonlinear data types, such as biological networks or images, are frequently mis-rendered into a low dimensional space by linear methods. Nonlinear methods, in contrast, attempt to model important aspects of the underlying data structure, often requiring parameter(s) fitting to the data type of interest. In many cases, the optimal parameter values vary when different classification algorithms are applied on the same rendered subspace, making the results of such methods highly dependent upon the type of classifier implemented. Results We present the results of applying the spectral method of Lafon, a nonlinear DR method based on the weighted graph Laplacian, that minimizes the requirements for such parameter optimization for two biological data types. We demonstrate that it is successful in determining implicit ordering of brain slice image data and in classifying separate species in microarray data, as compared to two conventional linear methods and three nonlinear methods (one of which is an alternative spectral method). This spectral implementation is shown to provide more meaningful information, by preserving important relationships, than the methods of DR presented for comparison. Tuning parameter fitting is simple and is a general, rather than data type or experiment specific approach, for the two datasets analyzed here. Tuning parameter optimization is minimized in the DR step to each subsequent classification method, enabling the possibility of valid cross-experiment comparisons. Conclusion Results from the spectral method presented here exhibit the desirable properties of preserving meaningful nonlinear relationships in lower dimensional space and requiring minimal parameter fitting, providing a useful algorithm for purposes of visualization and classification across diverse datasets, a common challenge in systems biology. PMID:16483359
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, Tim; Economou, Frossie; Cavanagh, Brad
ORAC-DR is a general purpose automatic data reduction pipeline environment. This document describes how to modify data reduction recipes and how to add new instruments. For a general overview of ORAC-DR see SUN/230. For specific information on how to reduce the data for a particular instrument, please consult the appropriate ORAC-DR instrument guide.
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ORAC-DR -- SCUBA-2 Pipeline Data Reduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gibb, Andrew G.; Jenness, Tim
The ORAC-DR data reduction pipeline is designed to reduce data from many different instruments. This document describes how to use ORAC-DR to process data taken with the SCUBA-2 instrument on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope.
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Chatterson, Leslie C; Leswick, David A; Fladeland, Derek A; Hunt, Megan M; Webster, Stephen; Lim, Hyun
2014-07-01
Custom bismuth-antimony shields were previously shown to reduce fetal dose by 53% on an 8DR (detector row) CT scanner without dynamic adaptive section collimation (DASC), automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) or adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR). The purpose of this study is to compare the effective maternal and average fetal organ dose reduction both with and without bismuth-antimony shields on a 64DR CT scanner using DASC, ATCM and ASiR during maternal CTPA. A phantom with gravid prosthesis and a bismuth-antimony shield were used. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) measured fetal radiation dose. The average fetal organ dose and effective maternal dose were determined using 100 kVp, scanning from the lung apices to the diaphragm utilizing DASC, ATCM and ASiR on a 64DR CT scanner with and without shielding in the first and third trimester. Isolated assessment of DASC was done via comparing a new 8DR scan without DASC to a similar scan on the 64DR with DASC. Average third trimester unshielded fetal dose was reduced from 0.22 mGy ± 0.02 on the 8DR to 0.13 mGy ± 0.03 with the conservative 64DR protocol that included 30% ASiR, DASC and ATCM (42% reduction, P<0.01). Use of a shield further reduced average third trimester fetal dose to 0.04 mGy ± 0.01 (69% reduction, P<0.01). The average fetal organ dose reduction attributable to DASC alone was modest (6% reduction from 0.17 mGy ± 0.02 to 0.16 mGy ± 0.02, P=0.014). First trimester fetal organ dose on the 8DR protocol was 0.07 mGy ± 0.03. This was reduced to 0.05 mGy ± 0.03 on the 64DR protocol without shielding (30% reduction, P=0.009). Shields further reduced this dose to below accurately detectable levels. Effective maternal dose was reduced from 4.0 mSv on the 8DR to 2.5 mSv on the 64DR scanner using the conservative protocol (38% dose reduction). ASiR, ATCM and DASC combined significantly reduce effective maternal and fetal organ dose during CTPA. Shields continue to be an effective means of fetal dose reduction. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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ORAC-DR -- SCUBA Pipeline Data Reduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, Tim; Economou, Frossie
ORAC-DR is a flexible data reduction pipeline designed to reduce data from many different instruments. This document describes how to use the ORAC-DR pipeline to reduce data taken with the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) obtained from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope.
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Shi, Hong-Fei; Xiong, Jin; Chen, Yi-Xin; Wang, Jun-Fei; Qiu, Xu-Sheng; Huang, Jie; Gui, Xue-Yang; Wen, Si-Yuan; Wang, Yin-He
2017-03-14
The optimal method for the reduction and fixation of posterior malleolar fracture (PMF) remains inconclusive. Currently, both of the indirect and direct reduction techniques are widely used. We aimed to compare the reduction quality and clinical outcome of posterior malleolar fracture managed with the direct reduction technique through posterolateral approach or the indirect reduction technique using ligamentotaxis. Patients with a PMF involving over 25% of the articular surface were recruited and assigned to the direct reduction (DR) group or the indirect reduction (IR) group. Following reduction and fixation of the fracture, the quality of fracture reduction was evaluated in post-operative CT images. Clinical and radiological follow-ups were performed at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and then at 6 month-intervals postoperatively. Functional outcome (AOFAS score), ankle range of motion, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were evaluated at the last follow-up. Statistical differences were compared between the DR and IR groups considering the patient demographics, quality of fracture reduction, AOFAS score, and VAS. Totally 116 patients were included, wherein 64 cases were assigned to the DR group and 52 cases were assigned to the IR group. The quality of fracture reduction was significant higher in the DR group (P = 0.038). In the patients who completed a minimum of 12 months' follow-up, a median AOFAS score of 87 was recorded in the DR group, which was significantly higher than that recorded in the IR group (a median score of 80). The ankle range of motion was slightly better in the DR group, with the mean dorsiflexion restriction recorded to be 5.2° and 6.1° in the DR and IR group respectively (P = 0.331). Similar VAS score was observed in the two groups (P = 0.419). The direct reduction technique through a posterolateral approach provide better quality of fracture reduction and functional outcome in the management of PMF over 25% of articular surface, as compared with the indirect reduction technique using ligamentotaxis. NCT02801474 (retrospectively registered, June 2016, ClinicalTrails.gov).
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2011-09-01
energy never ends. I am also very pleased to have Dr. William M. Carey, Dr. Henrik Schmidt, Dr. Glen G. Gawarkiewicz and Dr. Pierre Lermusiaux on my...Internal Waves for Multi- Megameter Acoustic Propagation in the Ocean, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Vol. 100, P. 3607-3620, 1996. [6] J.R. Apel , M. Badiey
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Chang-Feng; Sureshkumar, Radhakrishna; Khomami, Bamin
2015-10-01
Self-consistent direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows of dilute polymer solutions exhibiting friction drag reduction (DR) show that an effective Deborah number defined as the ratio of polymer relaxation time to the time scale of fluctuations in the vorticity in the mean flow direction remains O (1) from the onset of DR to the maximum drag reduction (MDR) asymptote. However, the ratio of the convective time scale associated with streamwise vorticity fluctuations to the vortex rotation time decreases with increasing DR, and the maximum drag reduction asymptote is achieved when these two time scales become nearly equal. Based on these observations, a simple framework is proposed that adequately describes the influence of polymer additives on the extent of DR from the onset of DR to MDR as well as the universality of the MDR in wall-bounded turbulent flows with polymer additives.
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Li, Chang-Feng; Sureshkumar, Radhakrishna; Khomami, Bamin
2015-10-01
Self-consistent direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows of dilute polymer solutions exhibiting friction drag reduction (DR) show that an effective Deborah number defined as the ratio of polymer relaxation time to the time scale of fluctuations in the vorticity in the mean flow direction remains O(1) from the onset of DR to the maximum drag reduction (MDR) asymptote. However, the ratio of the convective time scale associated with streamwise vorticity fluctuations to the vortex rotation time decreases with increasing DR, and the maximum drag reduction asymptote is achieved when these two time scales become nearly equal. Based on these observations, a simple framework is proposed that adequately describes the influence of polymer additives on the extent of DR from the onset of DR to MDR as well as the universality of the MDR in wall-bounded turbulent flows with polymer additives.
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United States Air Force Research Initiation Program for 1988. Volume 2
1990-04-01
Specialty: Modeling and Simulation ENGINEERING AND SERVICES CENTER (Tyndall Air Force Base) Dr. Wayne A. Charlie Dr. Peter Jeffers (1987) Colorado State...Michael Sydor University of New Hampshire University of Minnesota Specialty: Systems Modeling & Controls Specialty: Optics, Material Science Dr. John...9MG-025 4 Modeling and Simulation on Micro- Dr. Joseph J. Feeley (1987) computers, 1989 760-7MG-070 5 Two Dimensional MHD Simulation of Dr. Manuel A
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Sustainability in Ironmaking: The Rise of Direct Reduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Battle, Thomas P.
Modern-day direct reduction of iron first developed as a small-scale, low capital and operating cost alternative to the blast furnace. Since commercialization of continuous DR technology in the late 1960s, the market for the products of direct reduction has grown to more than 74 million tonnes in 2012. The initial advantages of DR plants over BF facilities have grown over the years, for several reasons, including the increased size of DR modules, lower energy and emissions (particularly CO2), along with the flexibility to use a number of different reductants. The development of DR technology over the past forty years will be emphasized in this presentation, including recent developments that allow for even more direct sustainability comparisons with the iron blast furnace — and even combine the two technologies for improved synergies. Also briefly discussed will be the possibilities of using direct reduction for non-ferrous ores.
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The ORAC-DR data reduction pipeline
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cavanagh, B.; Jenness, T.; Economou, F.; Currie, M. J.
2008-03-01
The ORAC-DR data reduction pipeline has been used by the Joint Astronomy Centre since 1998. Originally developed for an infrared spectrometer and a submillimetre bolometer array, it has since expanded to support twenty instruments from nine different telescopes. By using shared code and a common infrastructure, rapid development of an automated data reduction pipeline for nearly any astronomical data is possible. This paper discusses the infrastructure available to developers and estimates the development timescales expected to reduce data for new instruments using ORAC-DR.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bich Do, Danh; Lin, Jian Hung; Diep Lai, Ngoc; Kan, Hung-Chih; Hsu, Chia Chen
2011-08-01
We demonstrate the fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) polymer quadratic nonlinear (χ(2)) grating structure. By performing layer-by-layer direct laser writing (DLW) and spin-coating approaches, desired photobleached grating patterns were embedded in the guest--host dispersed-red-1/poly(methylmethacrylate) (DR1/PMMA) active layers of an active-passive alternative multilayer structure through photobleaching of DR1 molecules. Polyvinyl-alcohol and SU8 thin films were deposited between DR1/PMMA layers serving as a passive layer to separate DR1/PMMA active layers. After applying the corona electric field poling to the multilayer structure, nonbleached DR1 molecules in the active layers formed polar distribution, and a 3D χ(2) grating structure was obtained. The χ(2) grating structures at different DR1/PMMA nonlinear layers were mapped by laser scanning second harmonic (SH) microscopy, and no cross talk was observed between SH images obtained from neighboring nonlinear layers. The layer-by-layer DLW technique is favorable to fabricating hierarchical 3D polymer nonlinear structures for optoelectronic applications with flexible structural design.
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Do, Danh Bich; Lin, Jian Hung; Lai, Ngoc Diep; Kan, Hung-Chih; Hsu, Chia Chen
2011-08-10
We demonstrate the fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) polymer quadratic nonlinear (χ(2)) grating structure. By performing layer-by-layer direct laser writing (DLW) and spin-coating approaches, desired photobleached grating patterns were embedded in the guest-host dispersed-red-1/poly(methylmethacrylate) (DR1/PMMA) active layers of an active-passive alternative multilayer structure through photobleaching of DR1 molecules. Polyvinyl-alcohol and SU8 thin films were deposited between DR1/PMMA layers serving as a passive layer to separate DR1/PMMA active layers. After applying the corona electric field poling to the multilayer structure, nonbleached DR1 molecules in the active layers formed polar distribution, and a 3D χ(2) grating structure was obtained. The χ(2) grating structures at different DR1/PMMA nonlinear layers were mapped by laser scanning second harmonic (SH) microscopy, and no cross talk was observed between SH images obtained from neighboring nonlinear layers. The layer-by-layer DLW technique is favorable to fabricating hierarchical 3D polymer nonlinear structures for optoelectronic applications with flexible structural design.
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ORAC-DR -- integral field spectroscopy data reduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Todd, Stephen
ORAC-DR is a general-purpose automatic data-reduction pipeline environment. This document describes its use to reduce integral field unit (IFU) data collected at the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) with the UIST instrument.
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Effect of salt on turbulent drag reduction of xanthan gum.
Hong, Cheng Hai; Choi, Hyoung Jin; Zhang, Ke; Renou, Frederic; Grisel, Michel
2015-05-05
The turbulent flow of an aqueous KCl solution driven by a rotating disc in a closed chamber showed significant drag reduction (DR) when a small amount of xanthan gum (XG) was added. The effects of the experimental parameters (XG and KCl concentrations, and time) on the drag reduction efficiency were examined. While the DR efficiency of XG decreased with increasing salt (KCl) concentration, the time-dependent DR efficiency was found to be fitted well using Brostow model equation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Evaluation of the Material Point Method within CTH to Model 2-Dimensional Plate Impact Problems
2014-09-01
Howard University . 14. ABSTRACT The material point method (MPM) is a mixed Eulerian and Lagrangian computational method that allows for the... University in Washington, DC, as a second-year graduate student within mechanical engineering. I also attended Howard University for my undergraduate...Kevin Rugirello, Dr Andrew Tonge, Dr Jeffrey Lloyd, Dr Mary Jane Graham, and Dr Gbadebo Owolabi. vi Student Bio I am currently attending Howard
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Directory of Aircraft Survivability Specialists and Their Affiliations
1980-12-01
AnalysisOps Research WILLIAMS RESEARCH CORP 2280 West Maple Rd Walled Lake, MT 48088 SCHNYDER, Sidney A. (313) 624-5200 Gas turbine droneSupervisor of...AAWP-3 (513) 255-5076 reduction PELTON , Dr. Edward AV 785-5076 Radar cross section AFWAL/AAWP-3 (513) 255-5076 Reduction technology SANDERSON, Dr...Aberdeen Proving Gd, MD 21005 AV 927-3902 AV 283-4643 (804) 878-3902 (301) 278-4643 PELTON , Dr. Edward PARKER, Preston L. AFWAL/AAWP-3 AD/SESS Air
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Leech, J.; Dewitt, S.; Jenness, T.; Greaves, J.; Lightfoot, J. F.
2005-12-01
ROVER is a rotating waveplate polarimeter for use with (sub)mm heterodyne instruments, particularly the 16 element focal plane Heterodyne Array Receiver HARP tep{Smit2003} due for commissioning on the JCMT in 2004. The ROVER/HARP back-end will be a digital auto-correlation spectrometer, known as ACSIS, designed specifically for the demanding data volumes from the HARP array receiver. ACSIS is being developed by DRAO, Penticton and UKATC. This paper will describe the data reduction of ROVER polarimetry data both in real-time by ACSIS-DR, and through the ORAC-DR data reduction pipeline.
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2011-09-09
Chemical and Biological Defense Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)/Joint Science & Technology Office (JSTO) Dr. Alan Rudolph , Director, Chemical...Mr. Douglas W. Bryce 9:05 am – 9:45 am Dr. Alan Rudolph Director, Chemical and Biological Technologies Directorate, Defense Threat Reduction...Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Dr. Alan S. Rudolph Mr. David K. Grimm Acting Heidi Shyu Joint Combat
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Neto, Leonardo Vieira; Machado, Evelyn de O.; Luque, Raul M.; Taboada, Giselle F.; Marcondes, Jorge B.; Chimelli, Leila M. C.; Quintella, Leonardo Pereira; Niemeyer, Paulo; de Carvalho, Denise P.; Kineman, Rhonda D.; Gadelha, Mônica R.
2009-01-01
Context: Dopamine receptor (DR) and somatostatin receptor subtype expression in pituitary adenomas may predict the response to postsurgical therapies. Objectives: Our objectives were to assess and compare the mRNA levels of DR1-5 and somatostatin receptors 1–5 in normal pituitaries (NPs), nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), and somatotropinomas. In addition, we determined whether the level of DR expression correlates with the in vivo response to octreotide-LAR in acromegalic patients. Design and Patients: Eight NPs, 30 NFPAs, and 39 somatotropinomas were analyzed for receptor mRNA levels by real-time RT-PCR. The DR2 short variant was estimated as the DR2 long/DR2 total (DR2T). The relationship between DR expression and the postsurgical response to octreotide-LAR was assessed in 19 of the acromegalic patients. Results: DR3 was not detected. The relationship between expression levels of DR subtypes in NPs and somatotropinomas was DR2T⋙DR4≫DR5>DR1, whereas in NFPAs, DR2T⋙DR4≫DR1>DR5. The DR2 short variant was the predominant DR2 variant in the majority of samples. In acromegalics treated with octreotide-LAR, DR1 was negatively correlated with percent GH reduction (3 months: r = −0.67, P = 0.002; and 6 months: r = −0.58, P = 0.009), and DR5 was positively correlated with percent IGF-I reduction (3 months: r = 0.55, P = 0.01; and 6 months: r = 0.47, P = 0.04). Conclusions: DR2 is the predominant DR subtype in NPs, NFPAs, and somatotropinomas. The fact that DR1, DR4, and DR5 are also expressed in many adenomas tested suggests that these receptors might also play a role in the therapeutic impact of postsurgical medical therapies in patients with NFPA and acromegaly. This was supported by the finding that the in vivo response to octreotide-LAR was negatively associated with DR1 and positively associated with DR5. PMID:19293270
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Müller-Stich, Beat P; Löb, Nicole; Wald, Diana; Bruckner, Thomas; Meinzer, Hans-Peter; Kadmon, Martina; Büchler, Markus W; Fischer, Lars
2013-09-25
Three-dimensional (3D) presentations enhance the understanding of complex anatomical structures. However, it has been shown that two dimensional (2D) "key views" of anatomical structures may suffice in order to improve spatial understanding. The impact of real 3D images (3Dr) visible only with 3D glasses has not been examined yet. Contrary to 3Dr, regular 3D images apply techniques such as shadows and different grades of transparency to create the impression of 3D.This randomized study aimed to define the impact of both the addition of key views to CT images (2D+) and the use of 3Dr on the identification of liver anatomy in comparison with regular 3D presentations (3D). A computer-based teaching module (TM) was used. Medical students were randomized to three groups (2D+ or 3Dr or 3D) and asked to answer 11 anatomical questions and 4 evaluative questions. Both 3D groups had animated models of the human liver available to them which could be moved in all directions. 156 medical students (57.7% female) participated in this randomized trial. Students exposed to 3Dr and 3D performed significantly better than those exposed to 2D+ (p < 0.01, ANOVA). There were no significant differences between 3D and 3Dr and no significant gender differences (p > 0.1, t-test). Students randomized to 3D and 3Dr not only had significantly better results, but they also were significantly faster in answering the 11 anatomical questions when compared to students randomized to 2D+ (p < 0.03, ANOVA). Whether or not "key views" were used had no significant impact on the number of correct answers (p > 0.3, t-test). This randomized trial confirms that regular 3D visualization improve the identification of liver anatomy.
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The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Diabetic Retinopathy: Good, Bad, or Both?
Gorman, Dora M; le Roux, Carel W; Docherty, Neil G
2016-10-01
Bariatric surgery, initially intended as a weight-loss procedure, is superior to standard lifestyle intervention and pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Intensive medical management of hyperglycemia is associated with improved microvascular outcomes. Whether or not the reduction in hyperglycemia observed after bariatric surgery translates to improved microvascular outcomes is yet to be determined. There is substantial heterogeneity in the data relating to the impact of bariatric surgery on diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. This review aims to collate the recent data on retinal outcomes after bariatric surgery. This comprehensive evaluation revealed that the majority of DR cases remain stable after surgery. However, risk of progression of pre-existing DR and the development of new DR is not eliminated by surgery. Instances of regression of DR are also noted. Potential risk factors for deterioration include severity of DR at the time of surgery and the magnitude of glycated hemoglobin reduction. Concerns also exist over the detrimental effects of postprandial hypoglycemia after surgery. In vivo studies evaluating the chronology of DR development and the impact of bariatric surgery could provide clarity on the situation. For now, however, the effect of bariatric surgery on DR remains inconclusive.
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ORAC-DR: Overview and General Introduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Economou, Frossie; Jenness, Tim; Currie, Malcolm J.; Adamson, Andy; Allan, Alasdair; Cavanagh, Brad
ORAC-DR is a general purpose automatic data reduction pipeline environment. It currently supports data reduction for the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) instruments UFTI, IRCAM, UIST and CGS4, for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) instrument SCUBA, for the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) instrument INGRID, for the European Southern Observatory (ESO) instrument ISAAC and for the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) instrument IRIS-2. This document describes the general pipeline environment. For specific information on how to reduce the data for a particular instrument, please consult the appropriate ORAC-DR instrument guide.
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Extending ORAC-DR for Offline Processing of ESO, INGRID, and Classic Cam data
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Currie, M. J.
2004-07-01
ORAC-DR--a flexible reduction pipeline---was originally developed by the Joint Astronomy Centre for real-time inspection of reduced data at its telescopes. Starlink is extending ORAC-DR to process at home institutions data from other observatories, notably ESO, whose instruments make no provision for ORAC-DR. I outline the problems encountered and solutions implemented or proposed to apply ORAC-DR to the infra-red instruments ISAAC, NACO, INGRID, and Classic~Cam.
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Hathaichoti, Sasiphen; Visitnonthachai, Daranee; Ngamsiri, Pronrumpa; Niyomchan, Apichaya; Tsogtbayar, Oyu; Wisessaowapak, Churaibhon; Watcharasit, Piyajit; Satayavivad, Jutamaad
2017-08-01
Paraquat (PQ) is a bipyridyl derivative herbicide known to cause lung toxicity partly through induction of apoptosis. Here we demonstrated that PQ caused apoptosis in A549 cells. PQ increased cleavage of caspase-8 and Bid, indicating caspase-8 activation and truncated Bid, the two key mediators of extrinsic apoptosis. Additionally, PQ treatment caused an increase in DR5 (death receptor-5) and caspase-8 interaction, indicating formation of DISC (death-inducing signaling complex). These results indicate that PQ induces apoptosis through extrinsic pathway in A549 cells. Moreover, PQ drastically increased DR5 expression and membrane localization. Furthermore, PQ caused prominent concentration dependent reductions of DDX3 (the DEAD box protein-3) and GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) which can associate with DR5 and prevent DISC formation. Additionally, PQ decreased DR5-DDX3 interaction, suggesting a reduction of DDX3/GSK3 anti-apoptotic complex. Inhibition of GSK3, which is known to promote extrinsic apoptosis by its pharmacological inhibitor, BIO accentuated PQ-induced apoptosis. Moreover, GSK3 inhibition caused a further decrease in PQ-reduced DR5-DDX3 interaction. Taken together, these results suggest that PQ may induce extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in A549 cells through upregulation of DR5 and repression of anti-apoptotic proteins, DDX3/GSK3 leading to reduction of anti-apoptotic complex. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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CAPP Panel Discussion: The Future of Astronomy & Astrophysics at NASA
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Burns, Jack O.
2006-12-01
The president's proposed budget for FY2007 for NASA sets out significant reductions in the growth for space science funding, as well as reductions to previously planned Explorer and Flagship missions. With this proposed budget and recent changes in NASA's Advisory structure, this is a good time to assess the state of astronomy and astrophysics at NASA. The AAS Committee on Astronomy & Public Policy has assembled a distinguished panel to discuss the FY2007 budget and what it implies for the future. Panel Members: Dr. Jack Schmitt, Chair of NAC (confirmed). Dr. Anneila Sargent, Cal Tech, chair of NRC Board of Physics and Astronomy (confirmed). Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson, American Museum of Natural History, member of NAC. Dr. Garth Illingworth, University of California at Santa Cruz, Chair of AAAC (confirmed) Dr. Len Fisk, University of Michigan, Chair of SSB and ex-officio member of NAC (confirmed).
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Automated Reduction and Calibration of SCUBA Archive Data Using ORAC-DR
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, T.; Stevens, J. A.; Archibald, E. N.; Economou, F.; Jessop, N.; Robson, E. I.; Tilanus, R. P. J.; Holland, W. S.
The Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) instrument has been operating on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) since 1997. The data archive is now sufficiently large that it can be used for investigating instrumental properties and the variability of astronomical sources. This paper describes the automated calibration and reduction scheme used to process the archive data with particular emphasis on the pointing observations. This is made possible by using the ORAC-DR data reduction pipeline, a flexible and extensible data reduction pipeline that is used on UKIRT and the JCMT.
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Video- Astronauts Don Pettit and Ken Bowersox Paint Water Onboard the International Space Station
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
2003-01-01
Saturday Morning Science, the science of opportunity series of applied experiments and demonstrations, performed aboard the International Space Station (ISS) by Expedition 6 astronaut Dr. Don Pettit, revealed some remarkable findings. Science begets art in this video as Dr. Pettit and commander Ken Bowersox demonstrate two dimensional diffusion using food coloring in a film of water when they created an intriguing birdlike image. Dr. Pettit wonders aloud 'It makes us wonder what Matisse could do with a medium like this.'
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ORAC-DR: Astronomy data reduction pipeline
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, Tim; Economou, Frossie; Cavanagh, Brad; Currie, Malcolm J.; Gibb, Andy
2013-10-01
ORAC-DR is a generic data reduction pipeline infrastructure; it includes specific data processing recipes for a number of instruments. It is used at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, AAT, and LCOGT. This pipeline runs at the JCMT Science Archive hosted by CADC to generate near-publication quality data products; the code has been in use since 1998.
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Dynamic Stall Data for 2-D and 3-D Test Cases
2000-10-01
CASES Professor R A McD Galbraith Dr F N Coton Dr R B Green Dr M Vezza University of Glasgow INTRODUCTION Background Although substantial work has...aerofoil shape, aspect ratio, surface finish , data reduction software and Mach number, all but the Mach number had no effect on the observed trends
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Franco D. Albareti
2017-12-08
The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2, MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA, the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. Inmore » addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1 data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE. This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. In conclusion, the SDSS website, this http URL, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Franco D. Albareti
The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2, MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA, the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. Inmore » addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1 data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE. This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. In conclusion, the SDSS website, this http URL, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.« less
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Three-dimensional accuracy of plastic transfer impression copings for three implant systems.
Teo, Juin Wei; Tan, Keson B; Nicholls, Jack I; Wong, Keng Mun; Uy, Joanne
2014-01-01
The purpose of this study was to compare the three-dimensional accuracy of indirect plastic impression copings and direct implant-level impression copings from three implant systems (Nobel Biocare [NB], Biomet 3i [3i], and Straumann [STR]) at three interimplant buccolingual angulations (0, 8, and 15 degrees). Two-implant master models were used to simulate a three-unit implant fixed partial denture. Test models were made from Impregum impressions using direct implant-level impression copings (DR). Abutments were then connected to the master models for impressions using the plastic impression copings (INDR) at three different angulations for a total of 18 test groups (n = 5 in each group). A coordinate measuring machine was used to measure linear distortions, three-dimensional (3D) distortions, angular distortions, and absolute angular distortions between the master and test models. Three-way analysis of variance showed that the implant system had a significant effect on 3D distortions and absolute angular distortions in the x- and y-axes. Interimplant angulation had a significant effect on 3D distortions and absolute angular distortions in the y-axis. Impression technique had a significant effect on absolute angular distortions in the y-axis. With DR, the NB and 3i systems were not significantly different. With INDR, 3i appeared to have less distortion than the other systems. Interimplant angulations did not significantly affect the accuracy of NBDR, 3iINDR, and STRINDR. The accuracy of INDR and DR was comparable at all interimplant angulations for 3i and STR. For NB, INDR was comparable to DR at 0 and 8 degrees but was less accurate at 15 degrees. Three-dimensional accuracy of implant impressions varied with implant system, interimplant angulation, and impression technique.
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Wunderink, Lex; Nieboer, Roeline M; Wiersma, Durk; Sytema, Sjoerd; Nienhuis, Fokko J
2013-09-01
Short-term outcome studies of antipsychotic dose-reduction/discontinuation strategies in patients with remitted first-episode psychosis (FEP) showed higher relapse rates but no other disadvantages compared with maintenance treatment; however, long-term effects on recovery have not been studied before. To compare rates of recovery in patients with remitted FEP after 7 years of follow-up of a dose reduction/discontinuation (DR) vs maintenance treatment (MT) trial. Seven-year follow-up of a 2-year open randomized clinical trial comparing MT and DR. One hundred twenty-eight patients participating in the original trial were recruited from 257 patients with FEP referred from October 2001 to December 2002 to 7 mental health care services in a 3.2 million-population catchment area. Of these, 111 patients refused to participate and 18 patients did not experience remission. PARTICIPANTS After 7 years, 103 patients (80.5%) of 128 patients who were included in the original trial were located and consented to follow-up assessment. After 6 months of remission, patients were randomly assigned to DR strategy or MT for 18 months. After the trial, treatment was at the discretion of the clinician. Primary outcome was rate of recovery, defined as meeting the criteria of symptomatic and functional remission. Determinants of recovery were examined using logistic regression analysis; the treatment strategy (MT or DR) was controlled for baseline parameters. The DR patients experienced twice the recovery rate of the MT patients (40.4% vs 17.6%). Logistic regression showed an odds ratio of 3.49 (P = .01). Better DR recovery rates were related to higher functional remission rates in the DR group but were not related to symptomatic remission rates. Dose reduction/discontinuation of antipsychotics during the early stages of remitted FEP shows superior long-term recovery rates compared with the rates achieved with MT. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing long-term gains of an early-course DR strategy in patients with remitted FEP. Additional studies are necessary before these results are incorporated into general practice. isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN16228411.
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Weight reduction intervention for obese infertile women prior to IVF: a randomized controlled trial.
Einarsson, Snorri; Bergh, Christina; Friberg, Britt; Pinborg, Anja; Klajnbard, Anna; Karlström, Per-Olof; Kluge, Linda; Larsson, Ingrid; Loft, Anne; Mikkelsen-Englund, Anne-Lis; Stenlöf, Kaj; Wistrand, Anna; Thurin-Kjellberg, Ann
2017-08-01
Does an intensive weight reduction programme prior to IVF increase live birth rates for infertile obese women? An intensive weight reduction programme resulted in a large weight loss but did not substantially affect live birth rates in obese women scheduled for IVF. Among obese women, fertility and obstetric outcomes are influenced negatively with increased risk of miscarriage and a higher risk of maternal and neonatal complications. A recent large randomized controlled trial found no effect of lifestyle intervention on live birth in infertile obese women. A prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial was performed between 2010 and 2016 in the Nordic countries. In total, 962 women were assessed for eligibility and 317 women were randomized. Computerized randomization with concealed allocation was performed in the proportions 1:1 to one of two groups: weight reduction intervention followed by IVF-treatment or IVF-treatment only. One cycle per patient was included. Nine infertility clinics in Sweden, Denmark and Iceland participated. Women under 38 years of age planning IVF, and having a BMI ≥30 and <35 kg/m2 were randomized to two groups: an intervention group (160 patients) with weight reduction before IVF, starting with 12 weeks of a low calorie liquid formula diet (LCD) of 880 kcal/day and thereafter weight stabilization for 2-5 weeks, or a control group (157 patients) with IVF only. In the full analysis set (FAS), the live birth rate was 29.6% (45/152) in the weight reduction and IVF group and 27.5% (42/153) in the IVF only group. The difference was not statistically significant (difference 2.2%, 95% CI: 12.9 to -8.6, P = 0.77). The mean weight change was -9.44 (6.57) kg in the weight reduction and IVF group as compared to +1.19 (1.95) kg in the IVF only group, being highly significant (P < 0.0001). Significantly more live births were achieved through spontaneous pregnancies in the weight reduction and IVF group, 10.5% (16) as compared to the IVF only group 2.6% (4) (P = 0.009). Miscarriage rates and gonadotropin dose used for IVF stimulation did not differ between groups. Two subgroup analyses were performed. The first compared women with PCOS in the two randomized groups, and the second compared women in the weight reduction group reaching BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 or reaching a weight loss of at least five BMI units to the IVF only group. No statistical differences in live birth rates between the groups in either subgroup analysis were found. The study was not powered to detect a small increase in live births due to weight reduction and was not blinded for the patients or physician. Further, the intervention group had a longer time to achieve a spontaneous pregnancy, but were therefore slightly older than the control group at IVF. The study only included women with a BMI lower than 35 kg/m2. The study suggests that weight loss for obese women (BMI: 30-34.9 kg/m2) may not rectify the outcome in IVF cycles, although a significant higher number of spontaneous conceptions occurred in the weight loss group. Also, the study suggests that intensive weight reduction with LCD treatment does not negatively affects the results. The study was funded by Sahlgrenska University Hospital (ALFGBG-70 940), Merck AB, Solna, Sweden (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Impolin AB, Hjalmar Svensson Foundation and Jane and Dan Olsson Foundation. Dr Thurin-Kjellberg reports grants from Merck, non-financial support from Impolin AB, during the conduct of the study, and personal fees from Merck outside the submitted work. Dr Friberg reports personal fees from Ferring, Merck, MSD, Finox and personal fees from Studentlitteratur, outside the submitted work. Dr Englund reports personal fees from Ferring, and non-financial support from Merck, outside the submitted work. Dr Bergh reports and has been reimbursed for: writing a newsletter twice a year (Ferring), lectures (Ferring, MSD, Merck), and Nordic working group meetings (Finox). Dr Karlström reports lectures (Ferring, Finox, Merck, MSD) and Nordic working group meetings (Ferring). Ms Kluge, Dr Einarsson, Dr Pinborg, Dr Klajnbard, Dr Stenlöf, Dr Larsson, Dr Loft and Dr Wistrand have nothing to disclose. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01566929. 23-03-2012. 05-10-2010. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com
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2011-04-01
advanced ROMS-CoSiNE-Optics model in a full three-dimensional environment. We collaborate with Dr. Curt Mobley at Sequoia Scientific to implement...projects. Besides working closely with the modeling group at the NRL and their BioSpace project, we are collaborating with Dr. Curtis Mobley of Sequoia
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Important Factors for Early Market Microgrids: Demand Response and Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
White, David Masaki
Microgrids are evolving concepts that are growing in interest due to their potential reliability, economic and environmental benefits. As with any new concept, there are many unresolved issues with regards to planning and operation. In particular, demand response (DR) and plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging are viewed as two key components of the future grid and both will likely be active technologies in the microgrid market. However, a better understanding of the economics associated with DR, the impact DR can have on the sizing of distributed energy resource (DER) systems and how to accommodate and price PEV charging is necessary to advance microgrid technologies. This work characterizes building based DR for a model microgrid, calculates the DER systems for a model microgrid under DR through a minimization of total cost, and determines pricing methods for a PEV charging station integrated with an individual building on the model microgrid. It is shown that DR systems which consist only of HVAC fan reductions provide potential economic benefits to the microgrid through participation in utility DR programs. Additionally, peak shaving DR reduces the size of power generators, however increasing DR capacity does not necessarily lead to further reductions in size. As it currently stands for a microgrid that is an early adopter of PEV charging, current installation costs of PEV charging equipment lead to a system that is not competitive with established commercial charging networks or to gasoline prices for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV).
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Wong, Kuan Yee; Esguerra, Roxanna Jean; Chia, Vanessa Ai Ping; Tan, Ying Han; Tan, Keson Beng Choon
2018-02-01
Prior studies have defined the accuracy of intraoral scanner (IOS) systems but the accuracy of the digital static interocclusal registration function of these systems has not been reported. This study compared the three-dimensional (3D) accuracy of the digital static interocclusal registration of 3 IOS systems using the buccal bite scan function. Three IOS systems compared were 3M TM True Definition Scanner (TDS), TRIOS Color (TRC), and CEREC AC with CEREC Omnicam (CER). Using each scanner, 7 scans (n = 7) of the mounted and articulated SLA master models were obtained. The measurement targets (SiN reference spheres and implant abutment analogs) were in the opposing models at the right (R), central (C), and left (L) regions; abutments #26 and #36, respectively. A coordinate measuring machine with metrology software compared the physical and virtual targets to derive the global 3D linear distortion between the centroids of the respective target reference spheres and abutment analogs (dR R , dR C , dR L , and dR M ) and 2D distances between the pierce points of the abutment analogs (dX M , dY M , dZ M ), with 3 measurement repetitions for each scan. Mean 3D distortion ranged from -471.9 to 31.7 μm for dR R , -579.0 to -87.0 μm for dR C , -381.5 to 69.4 μm for dR L , and -184.9 to -23.1 μm for dR M . Mean 2D distortion ranged from -225.9 to 0.8 μm for dX M , -130.6 to -126.1 μm for dY M , and -34.3 to 26.3 μm for dZ M . Significant differences were found for interarch distortions across the three systems. For dR R and dR L , all three test groups were significantly different, whereas for dR C , the TDS was significantly different from the TRC and CER. For 2D distortion, significant differences were found for dX M only. Interarch and global interocclusal distortions for the three IOS systems were significantly different. TRC performed overall the best and TDS was the worst. The interarch (dR R , dR C , dR L ) and interocclusal (dX M ) distortions observed will affect the magnitude of occlusal contacts of restorations clinically. The final restoration may be either hyperoccluded or infraoccluded, requiring compensations during the CAD design stage or clinical adjustments at issue. © 2017 by the American College of Prosthodontists.
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ORAC-DR: One Pipeline for Multiple Telescopes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cavanagh, B.; Hirst, P.; Jenness, T.; Economou, F.; Currie, M. J.; Todd, S.; Ryder, S. D.
ORAC-DR, a flexible and extensible data reduction pipeline, has been successfully used for real-time data reduction from UFTI and IRCAM (infrared cameras), CGS4 (near-infrared spectrometer), Michelle (mid-infrared imager and echelle spectrometer), at UKIRT; and SCUBA (sub-millimeter bolometer array) at JCMT. We have now added the infrared imaging spectrometers IRIS2 at the Anglo-Australian Telescope and UIST at UKIRT to the list of officially supported instruments. We also present initial integral field unit support for UIST, along with unofficial support for the imager and multi-object spectrograph GMOS at Gemini. This paper briefly describes features of the pipeline along with details of adopting ORAC-DR for other instruments on telescopes around the world.
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ORAC-DR -- spectroscopy data reduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hirst, Paul; Cavanagh, Brad
ORAC-DR is a general-purpose automatic data-reduction pipeline environment. This document describes its use to reduce spectroscopy data collected at the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) with the CGS4, UIST and Michelle instruments, at the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) with the IRIS2 instrument, and from the Very Large Telescope with ISAAC. It outlines the algorithms used and how to make minor modifications of them, and how to correct for errors made at the telescope.
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Israeli, E; Goldin, E; Fishman, S; Konikoff, F; Lavy, A; Chowers, Y; Melzer, E; Lahat, A; Mahamid, M; Shirin, H; Nussinson, E; Segol, O; Ya’acov, A Ben; Shabbat, Y; Ilan, Y
2015-01-01
Therapy for Crohn’s disease (CD) with thiopurines is limited by systemic side effects. A novel formulation of fixed-dose, delayed-release 6-mercaptopurine (DR-6MP) was developed, with local effect on the gut immune system and minimal absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DR-6MP in patients with moderately severe CD compared to systemically delivered 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol). Seventy CD patients were enrolled into a 12-week, double-blind controlled trial. The primary end-point was the percentage of subjects with clinical remission [Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) < 150] or clinical response (100-point CDAI reduction). Twenty-six (56·5%) and 13 (54·2%) subjects from the DR-6MP and Purinethol cohorts, respectively, completed the study. DR-6MP had similar efficacy to Purinethol following 12 weeks of treatment. However, the time to maximal clinical response was 8 weeks for DR-6MP versus 12 weeks for Purinethol. A higher proportion of patients on DR-6MP showed clinical remission at week 8. A greater improvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) score was noted in the DR-6MP group. DR-6MP led to a decrease of CD62+ expression on T cells, implying a reduction of lymphocyte adhesion to site of inflammation. DR-6MP was safer than Purinethol, with significantly fewer adverse events (AEs). There was no evidence of drug-induced leucopenia in the DR-6MP group; the proportion of subjects who developed hepatotoxicity was lower for the DR-6MP. Non-absorbable DR-6MP is safe and biologically active in the gut. It is clinically effective, exerting a systemic immune response with low systemic bioavailability and a low incidence of side effects. PMID:25846055
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Israeli, E; Goldin, E; Fishman, S; Konikoff, F; Lavy, A; Chowers, Y; Melzer, E; Lahat, A; Mahamid, M; Shirin, H; Nussinson, E; Segol, O; Ya'acov, A Ben; Shabbat, Y; Ilan, Y
2015-08-01
Therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) with thiopurines is limited by systemic side effects. A novel formulation of fixed-dose, delayed-release 6-mercaptopurine (DR-6MP) was developed, with local effect on the gut immune system and minimal absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DR-6MP in patients with moderately severe CD compared to systemically delivered 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol). Seventy CD patients were enrolled into a 12-week, double-blind controlled trial. The primary end-point was the percentage of subjects with clinical remission [Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) < 150] or clinical response (100-point CDAI reduction). Twenty-six (56·5%) and 13 (54·2%) subjects from the DR-6MP and Purinethol cohorts, respectively, completed the study. DR-6MP had similar efficacy to Purinethol following 12 weeks of treatment. However, the time to maximal clinical response was 8 weeks for DR-6MP versus 12 weeks for Purinethol. A higher proportion of patients on DR-6MP showed clinical remission at week 8. A greater improvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) score was noted in the DR-6MP group. DR-6MP led to a decrease of CD62(+) expression on T cells, implying a reduction of lymphocyte adhesion to site of inflammation. DR-6MP was safer than Purinethol, with significantly fewer adverse events (AEs). There was no evidence of drug-induced leucopenia in the DR-6MP group; the proportion of subjects who developed hepatotoxicity was lower for the DR-6MP. Non-absorbable DR-6MP is safe and biologically active in the gut. It is clinically effective, exerting a systemic immune response with low systemic bioavailability and a low incidence of side effects. © 2015 British Society for Immunology.
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A Machine Learning Ensemble Classifier for Early Prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy.
S K, Somasundaram; P, Alli
2017-11-09
The main complication of diabetes is Diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vascular disease and it leads to the blindness. Regular screening for early DR disease detection is considered as an intensive labor and resource oriented task. Therefore, automatic detection of DR diseases is performed only by using the computational technique is the great solution. An automatic method is more reliable to determine the presence of an abnormality in Fundus images (FI) but, the classification process is poorly performed. Recently, few research works have been designed for analyzing texture discrimination capacity in FI to distinguish the healthy images. However, the feature extraction (FE) process was not performed well, due to the high dimensionality. Therefore, to identify retinal features for DR disease diagnosis and early detection using Machine Learning and Ensemble Classification method, called, Machine Learning Bagging Ensemble Classifier (ML-BEC) is designed. The ML-BEC method comprises of two stages. The first stage in ML-BEC method comprises extraction of the candidate objects from Retinal Images (RI). The candidate objects or the features for DR disease diagnosis include blood vessels, optic nerve, neural tissue, neuroretinal rim, optic disc size, thickness and variance. These features are initially extracted by applying Machine Learning technique called, t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). Besides, t-SNE generates a probability distribution across high-dimensional images where the images are separated into similar and dissimilar pairs. Then, t-SNE describes a similar probability distribution across the points in the low-dimensional map. This lessens the Kullback-Leibler divergence among two distributions regarding the locations of the points on the map. The second stage comprises of application of ensemble classifiers to the extracted features for providing accurate analysis of digital FI using machine learning. In this stage, an automatic detection of DR screening system using Bagging Ensemble Classifier (BEC) is investigated. With the help of voting the process in ML-BEC, bagging minimizes the error due to variance of the base classifier. With the publicly available retinal image databases, our classifier is trained with 25% of RI. Results show that the ensemble classifier can achieve better classification accuracy (CA) than single classification models. Empirical experiments suggest that the machine learning-based ensemble classifier is efficient for further reducing DR classification time (CT).
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Infrared Spectroscopy Data Reduction with ORAC-DR
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Economou, F.; Jenness, T.; Cavanagh, B.; Wright, G. S.; Bridger, A. B.; Kerr, T. H.; Hirst, P.; Adamson, A. J.
ORAC-DR is a flexible and extensible data reduction pipeline suitable for both on-line and off-line use. Since its development it has been in use on-line at UKIRT for data from the infrared cameras UFTI and IRCAM and at JCMT for data from the sub-millimetre bolometer array SCUBA. We have now added a suite of on-line reduction recipes that produces publication quality (or nearly so) data from the CGS4 near-infrared spectrometer and the MICHELLE mid-infrared Echelle spectrometer. As an example, this paper briefly describes some pipeline features for one of the more commonly used observing modes.
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Digital radiography: optimization of image quality and dose using multi-frequency software.
Precht, H; Gerke, O; Rosendahl, K; Tingberg, A; Waaler, D
2012-09-01
New developments in processing of digital radiographs (DR), including multi-frequency processing (MFP), allow optimization of image quality and radiation dose. This is particularly promising in children as they are believed to be more sensitive to ionizing radiation than adults. To examine whether the use of MFP software reduces the radiation dose without compromising quality at DR of the femur in 5-year-old-equivalent anthropomorphic and technical phantoms. A total of 110 images of an anthropomorphic phantom were imaged on a DR system (Canon DR with CXDI-50 C detector and MLT[S] software) and analyzed by three pediatric radiologists using Visual Grading Analysis. In addition, 3,500 images taken of a technical contrast-detail phantom (CDRAD 2.0) provide an objective image-quality assessment. Optimal image-quality was maintained at a dose reduction of 61% with MLT(S) optimized images. Even for images of diagnostic quality, MLT(S) provided a dose reduction of 88% as compared to the reference image. Software impact on image quality was found significant for dose (mAs), dynamic range dark region and frequency band. By optimizing image processing parameters, a significant dose reduction is possible without significant loss of image quality.
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ORAC-DR: A generic data reduction pipeline infrastructure
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, Tim; Economou, Frossie
2015-03-01
ORAC-DR is a general purpose data reduction pipeline system designed to be instrument and observatory agnostic. The pipeline works with instruments as varied as infrared integral field units, imaging arrays and spectrographs, and sub-millimeter heterodyne arrays and continuum cameras. This paper describes the architecture of the pipeline system and the implementation of the core infrastructure. We finish by discussing the lessons learned since the initial deployment of the pipeline system in the late 1990s.
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Heggen, Kristin Livelten; Pedersen, Hans Kristian; Andersen, Hilde Kjernlie; Martinsen, Anne Catrine T
2016-01-01
Background Iterative reconstruction can reduce image noise and thereby facilitate dose reduction. Purpose To evaluate qualitative and quantitative image quality for full dose and dose reduced head computed tomography (CT) protocols reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR). Material and Methods Fourteen patients undergoing follow-up head CT were included. All patients underwent full dose (FD) exam and subsequent 15% dose reduced (DR) exam, reconstructed using FBP and 30% ASIR. Qualitative image quality was assessed using visual grading characteristics. Quantitative image quality was assessed using ROI measurements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white matter, peripheral and central gray matter. Additionally, quantitative image quality was measured in Catphan and vendor’s water phantom. Results There was no significant difference in qualitative image quality between FD FBP and DR ASIR. Comparing same scan FBP versus ASIR, a noise reduction of 28.6% in CSF and between −3.7 and 3.5% in brain parenchyma was observed. Comparing FD FBP versus DR ASIR, a noise reduction of 25.7% in CSF, and −7.5 and 6.3% in brain parenchyma was observed. Image contrast increased in ASIR reconstructions. Contrast-to-noise ratio was improved in DR ASIR compared to FD FBP. In phantoms, noise reduction was in the range of 3 to 28% with image content. Conclusion There was no significant difference in qualitative image quality between full dose FBP and dose reduced ASIR. CNR improved in DR ASIR compared to FD FBP mostly due to increased contrast, not reduced noise. Therefore, we recommend using caution if reducing dose and applying ASIR to maintain image quality. PMID:27583169
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Østerås, Bjørn Helge; Heggen, Kristin Livelten; Pedersen, Hans Kristian; Andersen, Hilde Kjernlie; Martinsen, Anne Catrine T
2016-08-01
Iterative reconstruction can reduce image noise and thereby facilitate dose reduction. To evaluate qualitative and quantitative image quality for full dose and dose reduced head computed tomography (CT) protocols reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR). Fourteen patients undergoing follow-up head CT were included. All patients underwent full dose (FD) exam and subsequent 15% dose reduced (DR) exam, reconstructed using FBP and 30% ASIR. Qualitative image quality was assessed using visual grading characteristics. Quantitative image quality was assessed using ROI measurements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white matter, peripheral and central gray matter. Additionally, quantitative image quality was measured in Catphan and vendor's water phantom. There was no significant difference in qualitative image quality between FD FBP and DR ASIR. Comparing same scan FBP versus ASIR, a noise reduction of 28.6% in CSF and between -3.7 and 3.5% in brain parenchyma was observed. Comparing FD FBP versus DR ASIR, a noise reduction of 25.7% in CSF, and -7.5 and 6.3% in brain parenchyma was observed. Image contrast increased in ASIR reconstructions. Contrast-to-noise ratio was improved in DR ASIR compared to FD FBP. In phantoms, noise reduction was in the range of 3 to 28% with image content. There was no significant difference in qualitative image quality between full dose FBP and dose reduced ASIR. CNR improved in DR ASIR compared to FD FBP mostly due to increased contrast, not reduced noise. Therefore, we recommend using caution if reducing dose and applying ASIR to maintain image quality.
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75 FR 8042 - Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-02-23
... Earthquake Hazards Reduction Meeting AGENCY: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of Commerce. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction.... FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Jack Hayes, National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program...
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The effect of dietary restriction on reproduction: a meta-analytic perspective.
Moatt, Joshua P; Nakagawa, Shinichi; Lagisz, Malgorzata; Walling, Craig A
2016-10-07
Dietary restriction (DR), a reduction in the amount of food or particular nutrients eaten, is the most consistent environmental manipulation to extend lifespan and protect against age related diseases. Current evolutionary theory explains this effect as a shift in the resolution of the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. However, recent studies have questioned the role of reproduction in mediating the effect of DR on longevity and no study has quantitatively investigated the effect of DR on reproduction across species. Here we report a comprehensive comparative meta-analysis of the effect of DR on reproduction. In general, DR reduced reproduction across taxa, but several factors moderated this effect. The effect of DR on reproduction was greater in well-studied model species (yeast, nematode worms, fruit flies and rodents) than non-model species. This mirrors recent results for longevity and, for reproduction, seems to result from a faster rate of decline with decreasing resources in model species. Our results also suggested that not all reproductive traits are affected equally by DR. High and moderate cost reproductive traits suffered a significant reduction with DR, but low cost traits, such as ejaculate production, did not. Although the effect of DR on reproduction was stronger in females than males, this sex difference reduced to near zero when accounting for other co-factors such as the costliness of the reproductive trait. Thus, sex differences in the effect of DR on longevity may be due to a failure to expose males to as complete a range of the costs of reproduction as females. We suggest that to better understand the generality of the effect of DR, future studies should attempt to address the cause of the apparent model species bias and ensure that individuals are exposed to as many of the costs of reproduction as possible. Furthermore, our meta-analytic approach reveals a general shortage of DR studies that record reproduction, particularly in males, as well as a lack of direct side-by-side comparisons of the effect of DR on males and females.
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2000-04-19
Dr. Marc Pusey (seated) and Dr. Craig Kundrot use computers to analyze x-ray maps and generate three-dimensional models of protein structures. With this information, scientists at Marshall Space Flight Center can learn how proteins are made and how they work. The computer screen depicts a proten structure as a ball-and-stick model. Other models depict the actual volume occupied by the atoms, or the ribbon-like structures that are crucial to a protein's function.
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Cannistraci, Carlo Vittorio; Ravasi, Timothy; Montevecchi, Franco Maria; Ideker, Trey; Alessio, Massimo
2010-09-15
Nonlinear small datasets, which are characterized by low numbers of samples and very high numbers of measures, occur frequently in computational biology, and pose problems in their investigation. Unsupervised hybrid-two-phase (H2P) procedures-specifically dimension reduction (DR), coupled with clustering-provide valuable assistance, not only for unsupervised data classification, but also for visualization of the patterns hidden in high-dimensional feature space. 'Minimum Curvilinearity' (MC) is a principle that-for small datasets-suggests the approximation of curvilinear sample distances in the feature space by pair-wise distances over their minimum spanning tree (MST), and thus avoids the introduction of any tuning parameter. MC is used to design two novel forms of nonlinear machine learning (NML): Minimum Curvilinear embedding (MCE) for DR, and Minimum Curvilinear affinity propagation (MCAP) for clustering. Compared with several other unsupervised and supervised algorithms, MCE and MCAP, whether individually or combined in H2P, overcome the limits of classical approaches. High performance was attained in the visualization and classification of: (i) pain patients (proteomic measurements) in peripheral neuropathy; (ii) human organ tissues (genomic transcription factor measurements) on the basis of their embryological origin. MC provides a valuable framework to estimate nonlinear distances in small datasets. Its extension to large datasets is prefigured for novel NMLs. Classification of neuropathic pain by proteomic profiles offers new insights for future molecular and systems biology characterization of pain. Improvements in tissue embryological classification refine results obtained in an earlier study, and suggest a possible reinterpretation of skin attribution as mesodermal. https://sites.google.com/site/carlovittoriocannistraci/home.
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Dubois, A E J; Pagliarani, G; Brouwer, R M; Kollen, B J; Dragsted, L O; Eriksen, F D; Callesen, O; Gilissen, L J W J; Krens, F A; Visser, R G F; Smulders, M J M; Vlieg-Boerstra, B J; Flokstra-de Blok, B J; van de Weg, W E
2015-11-01
Genetic modification of allergenic foods such as apple has the potential to reduce their clinical allergenicity, but this has never been studied by oral challenges in allergic individuals. We performed oral food challenges in 21 apple-allergic individuals with Elstar apples which had undergone gene silencing of the major allergen of apple, Mal d 1, by RNA interference. Downregulation of Mal d 1 gene expression in the apples was verified by qRT-PCR. Clinical responses to the genetically modified apples were compared to those seen with the wild-type Elstar using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Gene silencing produced two genetically modified apple lines expressing Mal d 1.02 and other Mal d 1 gene mRNA levels which were extensively downregulated, that is only 0.1-16.4% (e-DR1) and 0.2-9.9% (e-DR2) of those of the wild-type Elstar, respectively. Challenges with these downregulated apple lines produced significantly less intense maximal symptoms to the first dose (Vmax1) than with Elstar (Vmax1 Elstar 3.0 mm vs 0.0 mm for e-DR1, P = 0.017 and 0.0 mm for e-DR2, P = 0.043), as well as significantly less intense mean symptoms per dose (meanV/d) than with Elstar (meanV/d Elstar 2.2 mm vs 0.2 mm for e-DR1, P = 0.017 and 0.0 mm for e-DR2, P = 0.043). Only one subject (5%) remained symptom-free when challenged with the Elstar apple, whereas 43% did so with e-DR1 and 63% with e-DR2. These data show that mRNA silencing of Mal d 1 results in a marked reduction of Mal d 1 gene expression in the fruit and reduction of symptoms when these apples are ingested by allergic subjects. Approximately half of the subjects developed no symptoms whatsoever, and virtually all subjects wished to consume the apple again in the future. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Piette, Mary Ann; Sezgen, Osman; Watson, David S.
This report describes the results of a research project to develop and evaluate the performance of new Automated Demand Response (Auto-DR) hardware and software technology in large facilities. Demand Response (DR) is a set of activities to reduce or shift electricity use to improve electric grid reliability, manage electricity costs, and ensure that customers receive signals that encourage load reduction during times when the electric grid is near its capacity. The two main drivers for widespread demand responsiveness are the prevention of future electricity crises and the reduction of electricity prices. Additional goals for price responsiveness include equity through costmore » of service pricing, and customer control of electricity usage and bills. The technology developed and evaluated in this report could be used to support numerous forms of DR programs and tariffs. For the purpose of this report, we have defined three levels of Demand Response automation. Manual Demand Response involves manually turning off lights or equipment; this can be a labor-intensive approach. Semi-Automated Response involves the use of building energy management control systems for load shedding, where a preprogrammed load shedding strategy is initiated by facilities staff. Fully-Automated Demand Response is initiated at a building or facility through receipt of an external communications signal--facility staff set up a pre-programmed load shedding strategy which is automatically initiated by the system without the need for human intervention. We have defined this approach to be Auto-DR. An important concept in Auto-DR is that a facility manager is able to ''opt out'' or ''override'' an individual DR event if it occurs at a time when the reduction in end-use services is not desirable. This project sought to improve the feasibility and nature of Auto-DR strategies in large facilities. The research focused on technology development, testing, characterization, and evaluation relating to Auto-DR. This evaluation also included the related decisionmaking perspectives of the facility owners and managers. Another goal of this project was to develop and test a real-time signal for automated demand response that provided a common communication infrastructure for diverse facilities. The six facilities recruited for this project were selected from the facilities that received CEC funds for new DR technology during California's 2000-2001 electricity crises (AB970 and SB-5X).« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Papadakis, Antonios E.; Perisinakis, Kostas; Damilakis, John
2007-07-15
The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of angular on-line tube current modulation on dose reduction in pediatric and adult patients undergoing multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examinations. Five physical anthropomorphic phantoms that simulate the average individual as neonate, 1-year-old, 5-year-old, 10-year-old, and adult were employed in the current study. Phantoms were scanned with the use of on-line tube current modulation (TCM). Percent dose reduction (%DR) factors achieved by applying TCM, were determined for standard protocols used for head and neck, shoulder, thorax, thorax and abdomen, abdomen, abdomen and pelvis, pelvis, and whole body examinations. A preliminary studymore » on the application of TCM in MDCT examinations of adult patients was performed to validate the results obtained in anthropomorphic phantoms. Dose reduction was estimated as the percentage difference of the modulated milliamperes for each scan and the preset milliamperes prescribed by the scan protocol. The dose reduction in children was found to be much lower than the corresponding reduction achieved for adults. For helical scans the %DR factors, ranged between 1.6% and 7.4% for the neonate, 2.9% and 8.7% for the 1-year old, 2% and 6% for the 5-year-old, 5% and 10.9% for the 10-year-old, and 10.4% and 20.7% for the adult individual. For sequential scans the corresponding %DR factors ranged between 1.3% and 6.7%, 4.5% and 11%, 4.2% and 6.6%, 6.4% and 12.3%, and 8.9% and 23.3%, respectively. Broader beam collimations are associated with decreased %DR factors, when other scanning parameters are held constant. TCM did not impair image noise. In adult patients, the %DR values were found to be in good agreement with the corresponding results obtained in the anthropomorphic adult phantom. In conclusion, on-line TCM may be considered as a valuable tool for reducing dose in routine CT examinations of pediatric and adult patients. However, the dose reduction achieved with TCM in neonates and young children was found to be lower than that obtained for adults. Therefore, on-line TCM should work as an additional means to reduce dose and should not replace other conventional means of reducing dose, especially in neonates and young children.« less
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Video- Making a Film of Water Aboard the International Space Station (ISS)
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
2002-01-01
Saturday Morning Science, the science of opportunity series of applied experiments and demonstrations, performed aboard the International Space Station (ISS) by Expedition 6 astronaut Dr. Don Pettit, revealed some remarkable findings. In this video, Dr. Pettit demonstrates how to make films of pure water. Watch the video to see how he does it, see his two-dimensional beaker, and marvel along with him at how tenacious the films are.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
2000-01-01
Dr. Marc Pusey (seated) and Dr. Craig Kundrot use computers to analyze x-ray maps and generate three-dimensional models of protein structures. With this information, scientists at Marshall Space Flight Center can learn how proteins are made and how they work. The computer screen depicts a proten structure as a ball-and-stick model. Other models depict the actual volume occupied by the atoms, or the ribbon-like structures that are crucial to a protein's function.
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Modification of near-wall coherent structures in polymer drag reduced flow: simulation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dubief, Yves; White, Christopher; Shaqfeh, Eric; Moin, Parviz; Lele, Sanjiva
2002-11-01
Polymer drag reduced flows are investigated through direct numerical simulations of viscoelastic flows. The solver for the viscoelastic model (FENE-P) is based on higher-order finite difference schemes and a novel implicit time integration method. Its robustness allows the simulation of all drag reduction (DR) regimes from the onset to the maximum drag reduction (MDR). It also permits the use of realistic polymer length and concentration. The maximum polymer extension in our simulation matches that of a polystyrene molecule of 10^6 molecular weight. Two distinct regimes of polymer drag reduced flows are observed: at low drag reduction (LDR, DR< 40-50%), the near-wall structure is essentially similar to Newtonian wall turbulence whereas the high drag reduction regime (HDR, DR from 40-50% to MDR) shows significant differences in the organization of the coherent structures. The 3D information provided by numerical simulations allows the determination of the interaction of polymers and near-wall coherent structures. To isolate the contribution of polymers in the viscous sublayer, the buffer and the outer region of the flow, numerical experiments are performed where the polymer concentration is varied in the wall-normal direction. Finally a mechanism of polymer drag reduction derived from our results and PIV measurements is discussed.
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The SCUBA Data Reduction Pipeline: ORAC-DR at the JCMT
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, Tim; Economou, Frossie
The ORAC data reduction pipeline, developed for UKIRT, has been designed to be a completely general approach to writing data reduction pipelines. This generality has enabled the JCMT to adapt the system for use with SCUBA with minimal development time using the existing SCUBA data reduction algorithms (Surf).
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ORAC-DR -- imaging data reduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Currie, Malcolm J.; Cavanagh, Brad
ORAC-DR is a general-purpose automatic data-reduction pipeline environment. This document describes its use to reduce imaging data collected at the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) with the UFTI, UIST, IRCAM, and Michelle instruments; at the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) with the IRIS2 instrument; at the Very Large Telescope with ISAAC and NACO; from Magellan's Classic Cam, at Gemini with NIRI, and from the Isaac Newton Group using INGRID. It outlines the algorithms used and how to make minor modifications to them, and how to correct for errors made at the telescope.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Korzennik, Sylvain
1997-01-01
Under the direction of Dr. Rhodes, and the technical supervision of Dr. Korzennik, the data assimilation of high spatial resolution solar dopplergrams has been carried out throughout the program on the Intel Delta Touchstone supercomputer. With the help of a research assistant, partially supported by this grant, and under the supervision of Dr. Korzennik, code development was carried out at SAO, using various available resources. To ensure cross-platform portability, PVM was selected as the message passing library. A parallel implementation of power spectra computation for helioseismology data reduction, using PVM was successfully completed. It was successfully ported to SMP architectures (i.e. SUN), and to some MPP architectures (i.e. the CM5). Due to limitation of the implementation of PVM on the Cray T3D, the port to that architecture was not completed at the time.
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Pal, Sukumar; Tifrea, Delia F; Zhong, Guangming; de la Maza, Luis M
2018-01-01
Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of infection-induced infertility in women. Attempts to control this epidemic with screening programs and antibiotic therapy have failed. Currently, a vaccine to prevent C. trachomatis infections is not available. In order to develop an animal model for evaluating vaccine antigens that can be applied to humans, we used C. trachomatis serovar D (strain UW-3/Cx) to induce infertility in mice whose major histocompatibility complex class II antigen was replaced with the human leukocyte antigen DR4 (HLA-DR4). Transcervical inoculation of medroxyprogesterone-treated HLA-DR4 transgenic mice with 5 × 10 5 C. trachomatis D inclusion forming units (IFU) induced a significant reduction in fertility, with a mean number of embryos/mouse of 4.4 ± 1.3 compared to 7.8 ± 0.5 for the uninfected control mice ( P < 0.05). A similar fertility reduction was elicited in the wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice (4.3 ± 1.4 embryos/mouse) compared to the levels of the WT controls (9.1 ± 0.4 embryos/mouse) ( P < 0.05). Following infection, WT mice mounted more robust humoral and cellular immune responses than HLA-DR4 mice. As determined by vaginal shedding, HLA-DR4 mice were more susceptible to a transcervical C. trachomatis D infection than WT mice. To assess if HLA-DR4 transgenic and WT mice could be protected by vaccination, 10 4 IFU of C. trachomatis D was delivered intranasally, and mice were challenged transcervically 6 weeks later with 5 × 10 5 IFU of C. trachomatis D. As determined by severity and length of vaginal shedding, WT C57BL/6 and HLA-DR4 mice were significantly protected by vaccination. The advantages and limitations of the HLA-DR4 transgenic mouse model for evaluating human C. trachomatis vaccine antigens are discussed. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.
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Reduction and Analysis of Meteorology Data from the Mars Pathfinder Lander
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Murphy, James R.; Bridger, Alison F. C.; Haberle, Robert M.
1998-01-01
Dr. James Murphy is a member of the Mars Pathfinder Atmospheric Structure Investigation Meteorology (ASI/MET) Science Team. The activities of Dr. Murphy, and his collaborators are summarized in this report, which reviews the activities in support of the analysis of the meteorology data from the Mars Pathfinder Lander.
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The decolouration of methyl orange using aluminum foam, ultrasound and direct electric current
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, C. M.; Huang, X. Y.; Zhang, H. Y.; Dai, J. D.; Ning, C. C.
2018-01-01
The decolouration of methyl orange (MO) using aluminum (Al) foam, ultrasound and direct electric current (DC) is investigated. The decolouration rate (DR) of MO using only Al foam is low because there is a passivation oxide layer on the Al foam surface. Due to the low utilization of ultrasound in MO water solution medium, the DR of MO using only ultrasonic irradiation is also poor. The DR of MO is greatly increased when Al foam, ultrasonic irradiation and DC are used together. There is good synergistic effect between Al foam, ultrasound and DC in decolouration of MO. This enhancement of DR may be related to the cavitation, cleaning of Al foam surface and water electrolysis. Due to the surface charge on wire carrying stationary current, Al foam with DC acts like a serious anodes and cathodes and makes water electrolysis giving hydrogen gas to cleavage azo bond. The DC applied on Al foam is beneficial for reductive decolouration of MO. Our results show that DC is a new way for the reductive decolouration MO in water.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dean, Michelle L.
This dissertation will be composed of two parts. The first part was completed under the direction of Dr. Christian Bruckner and outlines the synthesis of porphyrins and related derivatives. It explores specifically the synthesis of pyrazinoporphyrin, a pyrrole-modified porphyrin, the use of microwaves for porphyrin synthesis, and the synthesis of a novel building block for use in an expanded porphyrin structure. Lastly, this part will describe a laboratory experiment, suitable for an organic chemistry course, which investigates the photophysical properties of porphyrins using brown eggs as a source of protoporphyrin IX. The second part, under the advisement of Dr. Tyson Miller, will detail research conducted on students' ability to translate between two-dimensional and three-dimensional representations of molecules. Using the Grounded Theory and a formal interview it was investigated what errors students make as they translate from a two-dimensional drawing to a three-dimensional model, and visa versa. This part also seeks to gain an understanding, through the use of phenomenography what was factors contribute to cognitive overload when drawing chiral centers.
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Generic Data Pipelining Using ORAC-DR
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Allan, Alasdair; Jenness, Tim; Economou, Frossie; Currie, Malcolm J.; Bly, Martin J.
A generic data reduction pipeline is, perhaps, the holy grail for data reduction software. We present work which sets us firmly on the path towards this goal. ORAC-DR is an online data reduction pipeline written by the Joint Astronomy Center (JAC) and the UK Astronomy Technology Center (ATC) and distributed as part of the Starlink Software collection (SSC). It is intended to run with a minimum of observer interaction, and is able to handle data from many different instruments, including SCUBA, CGS4, UFTI, IRCAM and Michelle, with support for IRIS2 and UIST under development. Recent work by Starlink in collaboration with the JAC has resulted in an increase in the pipeline's flexibility, opening up the possibility that it could be used for truly generic data reduction for data from any imaging, and eventually spectroscopic, detector.
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DR2DI: a powerful computational tool for predicting novel drug-disease associations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lu, Lu; Yu, Hua
2018-05-01
Finding the new related candidate diseases for known drugs provides an effective method for fast-speed and low-risk drug development. However, experimental identification of drug-disease associations is expensive and time-consuming. This motivates the need for developing in silico computational methods that can infer true drug-disease pairs with high confidence. In this study, we presented a novel and powerful computational tool, DR2DI, for accurately uncovering the potential associations between drugs and diseases using high-dimensional and heterogeneous omics data as information sources. Based on a unified and extended similarity kernel framework, DR2DI inferred the unknown relationships between drugs and diseases using Regularized Kernel Classifier. Importantly, DR2DI employed a semi-supervised and global learning algorithm which can be applied to uncover the diseases (drugs) associated with known and novel drugs (diseases). In silico global validation experiments showed that DR2DI significantly outperforms recent two approaches for predicting drug-disease associations. Detailed case studies further demonstrated that the therapeutic indications and side effects of drugs predicted by DR2DI could be validated by existing database records and literature, suggesting that DR2DI can be served as a useful bioinformatic tool for identifying the potential drug-disease associations and guiding drug repositioning. Our software and comparison codes are freely available at https://github.com/huayu1111/DR2DI.
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DR2DI: a powerful computational tool for predicting novel drug-disease associations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lu, Lu; Yu, Hua
2018-04-01
Finding the new related candidate diseases for known drugs provides an effective method for fast-speed and low-risk drug development. However, experimental identification of drug-disease associations is expensive and time-consuming. This motivates the need for developing in silico computational methods that can infer true drug-disease pairs with high confidence. In this study, we presented a novel and powerful computational tool, DR2DI, for accurately uncovering the potential associations between drugs and diseases using high-dimensional and heterogeneous omics data as information sources. Based on a unified and extended similarity kernel framework, DR2DI inferred the unknown relationships between drugs and diseases using Regularized Kernel Classifier. Importantly, DR2DI employed a semi-supervised and global learning algorithm which can be applied to uncover the diseases (drugs) associated with known and novel drugs (diseases). In silico global validation experiments showed that DR2DI significantly outperforms recent two approaches for predicting drug-disease associations. Detailed case studies further demonstrated that the therapeutic indications and side effects of drugs predicted by DR2DI could be validated by existing database records and literature, suggesting that DR2DI can be served as a useful bioinformatic tool for identifying the potential drug-disease associations and guiding drug repositioning. Our software and comparison codes are freely available at https://github.com/huayu1111/DR2DI.
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MRI dynamic range and its compatibility with signal transmission media
Gabr, Refaat E.; Schär, Michael; Edelstein, Arthur D.; Kraitchman, Dara L.; Bottomley, Paul A.; Edelstein, William A.
2010-01-01
As the number of MRI phased array coil elements grows, interactions among cables connecting them to the system receiver become increasingly problematic. Fiber optic or wireless links would reduce electromagnetic interference, but their dynamic range (DR) is generally less than that of coaxial cables. Raw MRI signals, however, have a large DR because of the high signal amplitude near the center of k-space. Here, we study DR in MRI in order to determine the compatibility of MRI multicoil imaging with non-coaxial cable signal transmission. Since raw signal data are routinely discarded, we have developed an improved method for estimating the DR of MRI signals from conventional magnitude images. Our results indicate that the DR of typical surface coil signals at 3 T for human subjects is less than 88 dB, even for three-dimensional acquisition protocols. Cardiac and spine coil arrays had a maximum DR of less than 75 dB and head coil arrays less than 88 dB. The DR derived from magnitude images is in good agreement with that measured from raw data. The results suggest that current analog fiber optic links, with a spurious-free DR of 60–70 dB at 500 kHz bandwidth, are not by themselves adequate for transmitting MRI data from volume or array coils with DR ~90 dB. However, combining analog links with signal compression might make non-coaxial cable signal transmission viable. PMID:19251444
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MRI dynamic range and its compatibility with signal transmission media.
Gabr, Refaat E; Schär, Michael; Edelstein, Arthur D; Kraitchman, Dara L; Bottomley, Paul A; Edelstein, William A
2009-06-01
As the number of MRI phased array coil elements grows, interactions among cables connecting them to the system receiver become increasingly problematic. Fiber optic or wireless links would reduce electromagnetic interference, but their dynamic range (DR) is generally less than that of coaxial cables. Raw MRI signals, however, have a large DR because of the high signal amplitude near the center of k-space. Here, we study DR in MRI in order to determine the compatibility of MRI multicoil imaging with non-coaxial cable signal transmission. Since raw signal data are routinely discarded, we have developed an improved method for estimating the DR of MRI signals from conventional magnitude images. Our results indicate that the DR of typical surface coil signals at 3T for human subjects is less than 88 dB, even for three-dimensional acquisition protocols. Cardiac and spine coil arrays had a maximum DR of less than 75 dB and head coil arrays less than 88 dB. The DR derived from magnitude images is in good agreement with that measured from raw data. The results suggest that current analog fiber optic links, with a spurious-free DR of 60-70 dB at 500 kHz bandwidth, are not by themselves adequate for transmitting MRI data from volume or array coils with DR approximately 90 dB. However, combining analog links with signal compression might make non-coaxial cable signal transmission viable.
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A Robust Solver for Incompressible Flow on Cartesian Grids with Colocated Variables
2005-07-13
three-dimensional calculations for a channel micromixer including a herringbone-patterned surface geometry. 13 Figure 2 shows the flowfield in a two...1973) 38-69. [121 C.R. Kaplan, D.R. Mott, E.S. Oran, Towards the Design of Efficient Micromixers , AIAA paper 2004-0931, 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences...Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, 2004. [13] C.R. Kaplan, D.R. Mott, E.S. Oran, J. Liu. "Towards the Design of Efficient Micromixers ," in preparation
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The SCUBA map reduction cookbook
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sandell, G.; Jessop, N.; Jenness, T.
This cookbook tells you how to reduce and analyze maps obtained with SCUBA using the off-line SCUBA reduction package, SURF, and the Starlink KAPPA, Figaro, GAIA and CONVERT applications. The easiest way of using these packages is to run-up ORAC-DR, a general purpose pipeline for reducing data from any telescope. A set of data reduction recipes are available to ORAC-DR for use when working with scuba maps, these recipes utilize the SURF and KAPPA packages. This cookbook makes no attempts to explain why and how, for that there is a comprehensive Starlink User Note 216 which properly documents all the software tasks in SURF, which should be consulted for those who need to know details of a task, or how the task really works.
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Prasad, Tuhina; Roksnoer, Lodi C W; Zhu, Ping; Verma, Amrisha; Li, Yiming; Batenburg, Wendy W; de Vries, René; Danser, A H Jan; Li, Qiuhong
2016-12-01
Dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Yet RAS blockers have only limited beneficial effects on progression of DR in clinical trials. The natriuretic peptide system offsets RAS, so that enhancing the activity of this system on top of RAS blockade might be beneficial. Neprilysin has an important role in the degradation of natriuretic peptides. Therefore, we hypothesize that dual angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNI) may outperform angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in protection against DR. We tested this hypothesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic transgenic (mRen2)27 rats. Adult male diabetic (mRen2)27 rats were followed for 5 or 12 weeks. Treatment with vehicle, irbesartan (ARB), or ARB combined with the neprilysin inhibitor thiorphan (irbesartan+thiorphan [ARNI]) occurred during the final 3 weeks. Retinal cell death, gliosis, and capillary loss were evaluated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed to quantify the retinal level of inflammatory cell markers. Both ARB- and ARNI-treated groups showed similarly reduced retinal apoptotic cell death, gliosis, and capillary loss compared to the vehicle-treated group in the 5-week study. Treatment with ARNI reduced the expression of inflammatory markers more than ARB treatment in the 5-week study. In the 12-week study, ARNI treatment showed significantly more reduction in apoptotic cell death (51% vs. 25% reduction), and capillary loss (68% vs. 43% reduction) than ARB treatment. Treatment with ARNI provides better protection against DR in diabetic (mRen2)27 transgenic rats, compared to ARB alone. This approach may be a promising treatment option for patients with DR.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Albareti, Franco D.; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Almeida, Andres; Anders, Friedrich; Anderson, Scott; Andrews, Brett H.; Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso; Argudo-Fernández, Maria; Armengaud, Eric; Aubourg, Eric; Avila-Reese, Vladimir; Badenes, Carles; Bailey, Stephen; Barbuy, Beatriz; Barger, Kat; Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge; Bartosz, Curtis; Basu, Sarbani; Bates, Dominic; Battaglia, Giuseppina; Baumgarten, Falk; Baur, Julien; Bautista, Julian; Beers, Timothy C.; Belfiore, Francesco; Bershady, Matthew; Bertran de Lis, Sara; Bird, Jonathan C.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Blanc, Guillermo A.; Blanton, Michael; Blomqvist, Michael; Bolton, Adam S.; Borissova, J.; Bovy, Jo; Nielsen Brandt, William; Brinkmann, Jonathan; Brownstein, Joel R.; Bundy, Kevin; Burtin, Etienne; Busca, Nicolás G.; Orlando Camacho Chavez, Hugo; Cano Díaz, M.; Cappellari, Michele; Carrera, Ricardo; Chen, Yanping; Cherinka, Brian; Cheung, Edmond; Chiappini, Cristina; Chojnowski, Drew; Chuang, Chia-Hsun; Chung, Haeun; Cirolini, Rafael Fernando; Clerc, Nicolas; Cohen, Roger E.; Comerford, Julia M.; Comparat, Johan; Correa do Nascimento, Janaina; Cousinou, Marie-Claude; Covey, Kevin; Crane, Jeffrey D.; Croft, Rupert; Cunha, Katia; Darling, Jeremy; Davidson, James W., Jr.; Dawson, Kyle; Da Costa, Luiz; Da Silva Ilha, Gabriele; Deconto Machado, Alice; Delubac, Timothée; De Lee, Nathan; De la Macorra, Axel; De la Torre, Sylvain; Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M.; Donor, John; Downes, Juan Jose; Drory, Niv; Du, Cheng; Du Mas des Bourboux, Hélion; Dwelly, Tom; Ebelke, Garrett; Eigenbrot, Arthur; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Elsworth, Yvonne P.; Emsellem, Eric; Eracleous, Michael; Escoffier, Stephanie; Evans, Michael L.; Falcón-Barroso, Jesús; Fan, Xiaohui; Favole, Ginevra; Fernandez-Alvar, Emma; Fernandez-Trincado, J. G.; Feuillet, Diane; Fleming, Scott W.; Font-Ribera, Andreu; Freischlad, Gordon; Frinchaboy, Peter; Fu, Hai; Gao, Yang; Garcia, Rafael A.; Garcia-Dias, R.; Garcia-Hernández, D. A.; Garcia Pérez, Ana E.; Gaulme, Patrick; Ge, Junqiang; Geisler, Douglas; Gillespie, Bruce; Gil Marin, Hector; Girardi, Léo; Goddard, Daniel; Gomez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta; Grabowski, Kathleen; Green, Paul; Grier, Catherine J.; Grier, Thomas; Guo, Hong; Guy, Julien; Hagen, Alex; Hall, Matt; Harding, Paul; Harley, R. E.; Hasselquist, Sten; Hawley, Suzanne; Hayes, Christian R.; Hearty, Fred; Hekker, Saskia; Hernandez Toledo, Hector; Ho, Shirley; Hogg, David W.; Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly; Holtzman, Jon A.; Holzer, Parker H.; Hu, Jian; Huber, Daniel; Hutchinson, Timothy Alan; Hwang, Ho Seong; Ibarra-Medel, Héctor J.; Ivans, Inese I.; Ivory, KeShawn; Jaehnig, Kurt; Jensen, Trey W.; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Jones, Amy; Jullo, Eric; Kallinger, T.; Kinemuchi, Karen; Kirkby, David; Klaene, Mark; Kneib, Jean-Paul; Kollmeier, Juna A.; Lacerna, Ivan; Lane, Richard R.; Lang, Dustin; Laurent, Pierre; Law, David R.; Leauthaud, Alexie; Le Goff, Jean-Marc; Li, Chen; Li, Cheng; Li, Niu; Li, Ran; Liang, Fu-Heng; Liang, Yu; Lima, Marcos; Lin, Lihwai; Lin, Lin; Lin, Yen-Ting; Liu, Chao; Long, Dan; Lucatello, Sara; MacDonald, Nicholas; MacLeod, Chelsea L.; Mackereth, J. Ted; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Geimba Maia, Marcio Antonio; Maiolino, Roberto; Majewski, Steven R.; Malanushenko, Olena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Dullius Mallmann, Nícolas; Manchado, Arturo; Maraston, Claudia; Marques-Chaves, Rui; Martinez Valpuesta, Inma; Masters, Karen L.; Mathur, Savita; McGreer, Ian D.; Merloni, Andrea; Merrifield, Michael R.; Meszáros, Szabolcs; Meza, Andres; Miglio, Andrea; Minchev, Ivan; Molaverdikhani, Karan; Montero-Dorta, Antonio D.; Mosser, Benoit; Muna, Demitri; Myers, Adam; Nair, Preethi; Nandra, Kirpal; Ness, Melissa; Newman, Jeffrey A.; Nichol, Robert C.; Nidever, David L.; Nitschelm, Christian; O’Connell, Julia; Oravetz, Audrey; Oravetz, Daniel J.; Pace, Zachary; Padilla, Nelson; Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie; Pan, Kaike; Parejko, John; Paris, Isabelle; Park, Changbom; Peacock, John A.; Peirani, Sebastien; Pellejero-Ibanez, Marcos; Penny, Samantha; Percival, Will J.; Percival, Jeffrey W.; Perez-Fournon, Ismael; Petitjean, Patrick; Pieri, Matthew; Pinsonneault, Marc H.; Pisani, Alice; Prada, Francisco; Prakash, Abhishek; Price-Jones, Natalie; Raddick, M. Jordan; Rahman, Mubdi; Raichoor, Anand; Barboza Rembold, Sandro; Reyna, A. M.; Rich, James; Richstein, Hannah; Ridl, Jethro; Riffel, Rogemar A.; Riffel, Rogério; Rix, Hans-Walter; Robin, Annie C.; Rockosi, Constance M.; Rodríguez-Torres, Sergio; Rodrigues, Thaíse S.; Roe, Natalie; Lopes, A. Roman; Román-Zúñiga, Carlos; Ross, Ashley J.; Rossi, Graziano; Ruan, John; Ruggeri, Rossana; Runnoe, Jessie C.; Salazar-Albornoz, Salvador; Salvato, Mara; Sanchez, Sebastian F.; Sanchez, Ariel G.; Sanchez-Gallego, José R.; Santiago, Basílio Xavier; Schiavon, Ricardo; Schimoia, Jaderson S.; Schlafly, Eddie; Schlegel, David J.; Schneider, Donald P.; Schönrich, Ralph; Schultheis, Mathias; Schwope, Axel; Seo, Hee-Jong; Serenelli, Aldo; Sesar, Branimir; Shao, Zhengyi; Shetrone, Matthew; Shull, Michael; Silva Aguirre, Victor; Skrutskie, M. F.; Slosar, Anže; Smith, Michael; Smith, Verne V.; Sobeck, Jennifer; Somers, Garrett; Souto, Diogo; Stark, David V.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Steinmetz, Matthias; Stello, Dennis; Storchi Bergmann, Thaisa; Strauss, Michael A.; Streblyanska, Alina; Stringfellow, Guy S.; Suarez, Genaro; Sun, Jing; Taghizadeh-Popp, Manuchehr; Tang, Baitian; Tao, Charling; Tayar, Jamie; Tembe, Mita; Thomas, Daniel; Tinker, Jeremy; Tojeiro, Rita; Tremonti, Christy; Troup, Nicholas; Trump, Jonathan R.; Unda-Sanzana, Eduardo; Valenzuela, O.; Van den Bosch, Remco; Vargas-Magaña, Mariana; Vazquez, Jose Alberto; Villanova, Sandro; Vivek, M.; Vogt, Nicole; Wake, David; Walterbos, Rene; Wang, Yuting; Wang, Enci; Weaver, Benjamin Alan; Weijmans, Anne-Marie; Weinberg, David H.; Westfall, Kyle B.; Whelan, David G.; Wilcots, Eric; Wild, Vivienne; Williams, Rob A.; Wilson, John; Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Wylezalek, Dominika; Xiao, Ting; Yan, Renbin; Yang, Meng; Ybarra, Jason E.; Yeche, Christophe; Yuan, Fang-Ting; Zakamska, Nadia; Zamora, Olga; Zasowski, Gail; Zhang, Kai; Zhao, Cheng; Zhao, Gong-Bo; Zheng, Zheng; Zheng, Zheng; Zhou, Zhi-Min; Zhu, Guangtun; Zinn, Joel C.; Zou, Hu
2017-12-01
The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in 2014 July. It pursues three core programs: the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2), Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA), and the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). As well as its core program, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS). This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13). DR13 makes publicly available the first 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing the Sloan Extended QUasar, Emission-line galaxy, Luminous red galaxy Survey (SEQUELS), which also targeted variability-selected objects and X-ray-selected objects. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification, and new reductions of the SDSS-III APOGEE-1 data, improving stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. DR13 provides more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Value-added target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE are also available. This paper describes the location and format of the data and provides references to important technical papers. The SDSS web site, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials, examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ∼6 yr operations of SDSS-IV.
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77 FR 12568 - Fishing Capacity Reduction Program for the Southeast Alaska Purse Seine Salmon Fishery
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-03-01
... 99921 23 TREINEN CHARLES W... 60055 2054 ARLINGTON DR... ANCHORAGE AK 99517 24 SIMPSON BRIAN... SVENSON MIKE W...... 56237 104 SHARON DR....... SITKA AK 99835 269 OLSON CHARLES R..... 55989 3009 HALIBUT... KODIAK AK 99615 291 CHRISTENSEN CHARLES 56722 BOX 824 PETERSBURG AK 99833 L. 292 MATHISEN WAYNE T...
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Impact of digital radiography on clinical workflow.
May, G A; Deer, D D; Dackiewicz, D
2000-05-01
It is commonly accepted that digital radiography (DR) improves workflow and patient throughput compared with traditional film radiography or computed radiography (CR). DR eliminates the film development step and the time to acquire the image from a CR reader. In addition, the wide dynamic range of DR is such that the technologist can perform the quality-control (QC) step directly at the modality in a few seconds, rather than having to transport the newly acquired image to a centralized QC station for review. Furthermore, additional workflow efficiencies can be achieved with DR by employing tight radiology information system (RIS) integration. In the DR imaging environment, this provides for patient demographic information to be automatically downloaded from the RIS to populate the DR Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) image header. To learn more about this workflow efficiency improvement, we performed a comparative study of workflow steps under three different conditions: traditional film/screen x-ray, DR without RIS integration (ie, manual entry of patient demographics), and DR with RIS integration. This study was performed at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation (Cleveland, OH) using a newly acquired amorphous silicon flat-panel DR system from Canon Medical Systems (Irvine, CA). Our data show that DR without RIS results in substantial workflow savings over traditional film/screen practice. There is an additional 30% reduction in total examination time using DR with RIS integration.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Viswanath, Satish; Bloch, B. Nicholas; Chappelow, Jonathan; Patel, Pratik; Rofsky, Neil; Lenkinski, Robert; Genega, Elizabeth; Madabhushi, Anant
2011-03-01
Currently, there is significant interest in developing methods for quantitative integration of multi-parametric (structural, functional) imaging data with the objective of building automated meta-classifiers to improve disease detection, diagnosis, and prognosis. Such techniques are required to address the differences in dimensionalities and scales of individual protocols, while deriving an integrated multi-parametric data representation which best captures all disease-pertinent information available. In this paper, we present a scheme called Enhanced Multi-Protocol Analysis via Intelligent Supervised Embedding (EMPrAvISE); a powerful, generalizable framework applicable to a variety of domains for multi-parametric data representation and fusion. Our scheme utilizes an ensemble of embeddings (via dimensionality reduction, DR); thereby exploiting the variance amongst multiple uncorrelated embeddings in a manner similar to ensemble classifier schemes (e.g. Bagging, Boosting). We apply this framework to the problem of prostate cancer (CaP) detection on 12 3 Tesla pre-operative in vivo multi-parametric (T2-weighted, Dynamic Contrast Enhanced, and Diffusion-weighted) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, in turn comprising a total of 39 2D planar MR images. We first align the different imaging protocols via automated image registration, followed by quantification of image attributes from individual protocols. Multiple embeddings are generated from the resultant high-dimensional feature space which are then combined intelligently to yield a single stable solution. Our scheme is employed in conjunction with graph embedding (for DR) and probabilistic boosting trees (PBTs) to detect CaP on multi-parametric MRI. Finally, a probabilistic pairwise Markov Random Field algorithm is used to apply spatial constraints to the result of the PBT classifier, yielding a per-voxel classification of CaP presence. Per-voxel evaluation of detection results against ground truth for CaP extent on MRI (obtained by spatially registering pre-operative MRI with available whole-mount histological specimens) reveals that EMPrAvISE yields a statistically significant improvement (AUC=0.77) over classifiers constructed from individual protocols (AUC=0.62, 0.62, 0.65, for T2w, DCE, DWI respectively) as well as one trained using multi-parametric feature concatenation (AUC=0.67).
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Pan, Chen-Wei; Wang, Shan; Wang, Pei; Xu, Cai-Lian; Song, E
2018-05-08
We aim to describe the impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among community-dwelling Chinese adults who had been previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A community-based survey including 913 patients with T2DM was conducted in Suzhou, China. Retinopathy lesions were graded according to the Airlie House classification system of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. The HRQOL was measured by the Chinese version of the EuroQol Group's five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). A Gamma distribution with log link was incorporated into linear regression models to assess the associations between DR and EQ-5D-5L health utility score. The mean EQ-5D-5L index scores were 0.971 ± 0.082 among individuals with unilateral DR and 0.970 ± 0.145 among those with bilateral DR, which were lower compared with those without DR (0.986 ± 0.045, P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis adjusting for confounders, people with bilateral DR reported lower the EQ-5D index scores compared with those without DR. The presence of DR was significantly associated with problems in usual activities (odds ratio [OR] = 0.16, P = 0.02, comparing participants with unilateral vs. no DR; OR = 0.11; P = 0.01, comparing participants with bilateral vs. no DR). No significant variations in EQ-5D-5L index scores as well as different domains of health problems between individuals with unilateral and bilateral DR were observed (P > 0.05). Chinese T2DM patients with bilateral DR tend to report lower HRQOL scores compared with those without DR, especially in health problems associated with usual activities.
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Comparative Analysis of Document level Text Classification Algorithms using R
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Syamala, Maganti; Nalini, N. J., Dr; Maguluri, Lakshamanaphaneendra; Ragupathy, R., Dr.
2017-08-01
From the past few decades there has been tremendous volumes of data available in Internet either in structured or unstructured form. Also, there is an exponential growth of information on Internet, so there is an emergent need of text classifiers. Text mining is an interdisciplinary field which draws attention on information retrieval, data mining, machine learning, statistics and computational linguistics. And to handle this situation, a wide range of supervised learning algorithms has been introduced. Among all these K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) is efficient and simplest classifier in text classification family. But KNN suffers from imbalanced class distribution and noisy term features. So, to cope up with this challenge we use document based centroid dimensionality reduction(CentroidDR) using R Programming. By combining these two text classification techniques, KNN and Centroid classifiers, we propose a scalable and effective flat classifier, called MCenKNN which works well substantially better than CenKNN.
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Dietary regulation of hypodermal polyploidization in C. elegans
Tain, Luke S; Lozano, Encarnación; Sáez, Alberto G; Leroi, Armand M
2008-01-01
Background Dietary restriction (DR) results in increased longevity, reduced fecundity and reduced growth in many organisms. Though many studies have examined the effects of DR on longevity and fecundity, few have investigated the effects on growth. Results Here we use Caenorhabditis elegans to determine the mechanisms that regulate growth under DR. We show that rather than a reduction in cell number, decreased growth in wild type C. elegans under DR is correlated with lower levels of hypodermal polyploidization. We also show that mutants lacking wild type sensory ciliated neurons are small, exhibit hypo-polyploidization and more importantly, when grown under DR, reduce their levels of endoreduplication to a lesser extent than wild type, suggesting that these neurons are required for the regulation of hypodermal polyploidization in response to DR. Similarly, we also show that the cGMP-dependent protein kinase EGL-4 and the SMA/MAB signalling pathway regulate polyploidization under DR. Conclusion We show C. elegans is capable of actively responding to food levels to regulate adult ploidy. We suggest this response is dependent on the SMA/MAB signalling pathway. PMID:18366811
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Dietary regulation of hypodermal polyploidization in C. elegans.
Tain, Luke S; Lozano, Encarnación; Sáez, Alberto G; Leroi, Armand M
2008-03-12
Dietary restriction (DR) results in increased longevity, reduced fecundity and reduced growth in many organisms. Though many studies have examined the effects of DR on longevity and fecundity, few have investigated the effects on growth. Here we use Caenorhabditis elegans to determine the mechanisms that regulate growth under DR. We show that rather than a reduction in cell number, decreased growth in wild type C. elegans under DR is correlated with lower levels of hypodermal polyploidization. We also show that mutants lacking wild type sensory ciliated neurons are small, exhibit hypo-polyploidization and more importantly, when grown under DR, reduce their levels of endoreduplication to a lesser extent than wild type, suggesting that these neurons are required for the regulation of hypodermal polyploidization in response to DR. Similarly, we also show that the cGMP-dependent protein kinase EGL-4 and the SMA/MAB signalling pathway regulate polyploidization under DR. We show C. elegans is capable of actively responding to food levels to regulate adult ploidy. We suggest this response is dependent on the SMA/MAB signalling pathway.
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Huang, Chao; Fisher, Kiera P; Hammer, Sandra S; Navitskaya, Svetlana; Blanchard, Gary J; Busik, Julia V
2018-06-04
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a micro-vascular complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults. Recent studies have implicated the complement system as an emerging player in development of vascular damage and progression of DR. However, the role and activation of the complement system in DR is not well understood. Exosomes, small vesicles that are secreted into the extracellular environment, have a cargo of complement proteins in plasma suggesting that they can participate in causing vascular damage associated with DR. We demonstrate that IgG-laden exosomes in plasma activate the classical complement pathway, and that the quantity of these exosomes is increased in diabetes. Moreover, we show that lack of IgG in exosomes results in a reduction of retinal vascular damage in diabetic mice. Together, the results of this study demonstrate that complement activation by IgG-laden plasma exosomes could contribute to the development of DR. © 2018 by the American Diabetes Association.
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Integrated Platform for Automated Sustainable Demand Response in Smart Grids
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zois, Vassilis; Frincu, Marc; Prasanna, Viktor K.
2014-10-08
Demand Response(DR) is a common practice used by utility providers to regulate energy demand. It is used at periods of high demand to minimize the peak to average consumption ratio. Several methods have been Demand Response(DR) is a common praon using information about the baseline consumption and the consumption during DR. Our goal is to provide a sustainable reduction to ensure the elimination of peaks in demand. The proposed system includes an adaptation mechanism for when the provided solution does not meet the DR requirements. We conducted a series of experiments using consumption data from a real life micro gridmore » to evaluate the efficiency as well as the robustness of our solution.« less
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Retinal Imaging Techniques for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
Goh, James Kang Hao; Cheung, Carol Y.; Sim, Shaun Sebastian; Tan, Pok Chien; Tan, Gavin Siew Wei; Wong, Tien Yin
2016-01-01
Due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, demand for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening platforms is steeply increasing. Early detection and treatment of DR are key public health interventions that can greatly reduce the likelihood of vision loss. Current DR screening programs typically employ retinal fundus photography, which relies on skilled readers for manual DR assessment. However, this is labor-intensive and suffers from inconsistency across sites. Hence, there has been a recent proliferation of automated retinal image analysis software that may potentially alleviate this burden cost-effectively. Furthermore, current screening programs based on 2-dimensional fundus photography do not effectively screen for diabetic macular edema (DME). Optical coherence tomography is becoming increasingly recognized as the reference standard for DME assessment and can potentially provide a cost-effective solution for improving DME detection in large-scale DR screening programs. Current screening techniques are also unable to image the peripheral retina and require pharmacological pupil dilation; ultra-widefield imaging and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, which address these drawbacks, possess great potential. In this review, we summarize the current DR screening methods using various retinal imaging techniques, and also outline future possibilities. Advances in retinal imaging techniques can potentially transform the management of patients with diabetes, providing savings in health care costs and resources. PMID:26830491
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Retinal Imaging Techniques for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening.
Goh, James Kang Hao; Cheung, Carol Y; Sim, Shaun Sebastian; Tan, Pok Chien; Tan, Gavin Siew Wei; Wong, Tien Yin
2016-02-01
Due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, demand for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening platforms is steeply increasing. Early detection and treatment of DR are key public health interventions that can greatly reduce the likelihood of vision loss. Current DR screening programs typically employ retinal fundus photography, which relies on skilled readers for manual DR assessment. However, this is labor-intensive and suffers from inconsistency across sites. Hence, there has been a recent proliferation of automated retinal image analysis software that may potentially alleviate this burden cost-effectively. Furthermore, current screening programs based on 2-dimensional fundus photography do not effectively screen for diabetic macular edema (DME). Optical coherence tomography is becoming increasingly recognized as the reference standard for DME assessment and can potentially provide a cost-effective solution for improving DME detection in large-scale DR screening programs. Current screening techniques are also unable to image the peripheral retina and require pharmacological pupil dilation; ultra-widefield imaging and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, which address these drawbacks, possess great potential. In this review, we summarize the current DR screening methods using various retinal imaging techniques, and also outline future possibilities. Advances in retinal imaging techniques can potentially transform the management of patients with diabetes, providing savings in health care costs and resources. © 2016 Diabetes Technology Society.
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Dynamics of hairpin vortices and polymer-induced turbulent drag reduction.
Kim, Kyoungyoun; Adrian, Ronald J; Balachandar, S; Sureshkumar, R
2008-04-04
It has been known for over six decades that the dissolution of minute amounts of high molecular weight polymers in wall-bounded turbulent flows results in a dramatic reduction in turbulent skin friction by up to 70%. First principles simulations of turbulent flow of model polymer solutions can predict the drag reduction (DR) phenomenon. However, the essential dynamical interactions between the coherent structures present in turbulent flows and polymer conformation field that lead to DR are poorly understood. We examine this connection via dynamical simulations that track the evolution of hairpin vortices, i.e., counter-rotating pairs of quasistreamwise vortices whose nonlinear autogeneration and growth, decay and breakup are centrally important to turbulence stress production. The results show that the autogeneration of new vortices is suppressed by the polymer stresses, thereby decreasing the turbulent drag.
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National Renewable Energy Laboratory To Reduce Staff
employees. The reduction will occur in two phases. The first phase will be a Voluntary Separation Program to partners in industry and universities," said NREL Director Dr. Charles Gay. "Congressional budget mitigation of future staff reductions. NREL's work force reductions will be guided by a plan submitted to the
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Polarimetry Data Reduction at the Joint Astronomy Centre
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cavanagh, B.; Jenness, T.; Currie, M. J.
2005-12-01
ORAC-DR is an automated data-reduction pipeline that has been used for on-line data reduction for infrared imaging, spectroscopy, and integral-field-unit data at UKIRT; sub-millimetre imaging at JCMT; and infrared imaging at AAT. It allows for real-time automated infrared and submillmetre imaging polarimetry and spectropolarimetry data reduction. This paper describes the polarimetry data-reduction pipelines used at the Joint Astronomy Centre, highlighting their flexibility and extensibility.
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Solid-State Kinetic Investigations of Nonisothermal Reduction of Iron Species Supported on SBA-15
2017-01-01
Iron oxide catalysts supported on nanostructured silica SBA-15 were synthesized with various iron loadings using two different precursors. Structural characterization of the as-prepared FexOy/SBA-15 samples was performed by nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, DR-UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. An increasing size of the resulting iron species correlated with an increasing iron loading. Significantly smaller iron species were obtained from (Fe(III), NH4)-citrate precursors compared to Fe(III)-nitrate precursors. Moreover, smaller iron species resulted in a smoother surface of the support material. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) of the FexOy/SBA-15 samples with H2 revealed better reducibility of the samples originating from Fe(III)-nitrate precursors. Varying the iron loading led to a change in reduction mechanism. TPR traces were analyzed by model-independent Kissinger method, Ozawa, Flynn, and Wall (OFW) method, and model-dependent Coats-Redfern method. JMAK kinetic analysis afforded a one-dimensional reduction process for the FexOy/SBA-15 samples. The Kissinger method yielded the lowest apparent activation energy for the lowest loaded citrate sample (Ea ≈ 39 kJ/mol). Conversely, the lowest loaded nitrate sample possessed the highest apparent activation energy (Ea ≈ 88 kJ/mol). For samples obtained from Fe(III)-nitrate precursors, Ea decreased with increasing iron loading. Apparent activation energies from model-independent analysis methods agreed well with those from model-dependent methods. Nucleation as rate-determining step in the reduction of the iron oxide species was consistent with the Mampel solid-state reaction model. PMID:29230346
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Kawasaki, Ryo; Akune, Yoko; Hiratsuka, Yoshimune; Fukuhara, Shunichi; Yamada, Masakazu
2015-02-01
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness for a screening interval longer than 1 year detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) through the estimation of incremental costs per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) based on the best available clinical data in Japan. A Markov model with a probabilistic cohort analysis was framed to calculate incremental costs per QALY gained by implementing a screening program detecting DR in Japan. A 1-year cycle length and population size of 50,000 with a 50-year time horizon (age 40-90 years) was used. Best available clinical data from publications and national surveillance data was used, and a model was designed including current diagnosis and management of DR with corresponding visual outcomes. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed considering uncertainties in the parameters. In the base-case analysis, the strategy with a screening program resulted in an incremental cost of 5,147 Japanese yen (¥; US$64.6) and incremental effectiveness of 0.0054 QALYs per person screened. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was ¥944,981 (US$11,857) per QALY. The simulation suggested that screening would result in a significant reduction in blindness in people aged 40 years or over (-16%). Sensitivity analyses suggested that in order to achieve both reductions in blindness and cost-effectiveness in Japan, the screening program should screen those aged 53-84 years, at intervals of 3 years or less. An eye screening program in Japan would be cost-effective in detecting DR and preventing blindness from DR, even allowing for the uncertainties in estimates of costs, utility, and current management of DR.
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Bacterial Reduction after Gutta-Percha Removal with Single vs. Multiple Instrument Systems.
Xavier, Felipe; Nevares, Giselle; Gominho, Luciana; Rodrigues, Renata; Cassimiro, Marcely; Romeiro, Kaline; Albuquerque, Diana
2018-01-01
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a reciprocating single-instrument system (Reciproc-REC) compared with combined continuously rotating multiple-instrument systems [D-Race (DR) and BioRace (BR)] in reducing Enterococcus faecalis (E.f.) after gutta-percha removal. Forty-six extracted human maxillary incisors were prepared and contaminated with E.f. strain (ATCC 29212) for 30 days. The samples were obturated and randomly divided into two experimental groups for gutta-percha removal ( n =23): a REC group (R50) and a DR/BR group (DR1, DR2 and BR6). A standardized irrigation with 0.9% saline solution was performed. Root canal samples were taken with paper points before (S1) and after (S2) the removal of gutta-percha to establish bacterial quantification by culture. The time required for gutta-percha removal was also recorded. Positive and negative control groups ( n =6) were used to test bacterial viability and control asepsis, respectively. Data were analysed using t -Student and one-way ANOVA tests (5% margin of error). The mean percentage of bacterial reduction was significantly higher in DR/BR group (84.2%) than in REC group (72.3%) ( P <0.05). The mean time for obturation removal was 74.00 sec in REC group and 107.53 sec in DR/BR group ( P <0.05). The combined continuously rotating multiple-instrument system was more effective in reducing bacteria after the removal of gutta-percha than the single-instrument system. None of the tested systems was able to completely eliminate root canal infection after gutta-percha removal. Thus, additional techniques should be considered.
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Mode-coupling theory for active Brownian particles
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liluashvili, Alexander; Ónody, Jonathan; Voigtmann, Thomas
2017-12-01
We present a mode-coupling theory (MCT) for the slow dynamics of two-dimensional spherical active Brownian particles (ABPs). The ABPs are characterized by a self-propulsion velocity v0 and by their translational and rotational diffusion coefficients Dt and Dr, respectively. Based on the integration-through-transients formalism, the theory requires as input only the equilibrium static structure factors of the passive system (where v0=0 ). It predicts a nontrivial idealized-glass-transition diagram in the three-dimensional parameter space of density, self-propulsion velocity, and rotational diffusivity that arise because at high densities, the persistence length of active swimming ℓp=v0/Dr interferes with the interaction length ℓc set by the caging of particles. While the low-density dynamics of ABPs is characterized by a single Péclet number Pe=v02/DrDt , close to the glass transition the dynamics is found to depend on Pe and ℓp separately. At fixed density, increasing the self-propulsion velocity causes structural relaxation to speed up, while decreasing the persistence length slows down the relaxation. The active-MCT glass is a nonergodic state that is qualitatively different from the passive glass. In it, correlations of initial density fluctuations never fully decay, but also an infinite memory of initial orientational fluctuations is retained in the positions.
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Miersch, Claudia; Döring, Frank
2013-07-02
The metabolic and health-promoting effects of dietary restriction (DR) have been extensively studied in several species. The response to DR with respect to sex is essentially unknown. To address this question, we used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to analyze body composition and gene expression in males and hermaphrodites in response to DR. Unexpectedly, DR increased the fat-to-fat-free mass ratio and enlarged lipid droplets in both sexes to a similar extent. These effects were linked to a downregulation of the lipase-like 5 (lipl-5) gene in both sexes at two developmental stages. By contrast, the reductions in body size, protein content, and total RNA content in response to DR were more pronounced in hermaphrodites than in males. Functional enrichment analysis of gene expression data showed a DR-induced downregulation of several embryogenesis-associated genes concomitant with an ongoing expression of sperm-associated genes in hermaphrodites. In conclusion, DR increases fat stores in both sexes of C. elegans in the form of large and possibly lipolysis-resistant lipid droplets and markedly alters the reproductive program in hermaphrodites but not in males.
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The lifespan-reproduction trade-off under dietary restriction is sex-specific and context-dependent.
Adler, Margo I; Cassidy, Elizabeth J; Fricke, Claudia; Bonduriansky, Russell
2013-06-01
Adult dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan, but the mechanisms that underlie this effect are not well understood. Many DR studies have demonstrated that lifespan extension tends to be accompanied by a reduction in female fecundity - a correlation widely interpreted as evidence that DR triggers an adaptive re - allocation of resources from reproduction to somatic maintenance. Yet, recent evidence suggests that survival and fecundity need not always trade off under DR, calling the re-allocation hypothesis into question. Because the effects of DR on both survival and reproduction have rarely been tested in both sexes, or under a range of ecologically-relevant environments, the generality of this trade-off remains unclear. We examined the effects of DR on survival and reproduction in both sexes and across a range of environments (larval diet quality and adult sex ratio) in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. We found that the lifespan-reproduction trade-off is both context- and sex-dependent. Although DR extended lifespan in both sexes by 65% and rendered females completely infertile, costs of DR on male fecundity were subtle and evident only in particular environmental combinations. Our findings suggest that a re-allocation of resources may not underlie the lifespan extension response to DR. Instead, full feeding may be associated with increased costs in comparison to DR, such that lifespan extension may be achieved without an increased resource investment to the soma. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Schimek-Jasch, Tanja; Troost, Esther G C; Rücker, Gerta; Prokic, Vesna; Avlar, Melanie; Duncker-Rohr, Viola; Mix, Michael; Doll, Christian; Grosu, Anca-Ligia; Nestle, Ursula
2015-06-01
Interobserver variability in the definition of target volumes (TVs) is a well-known confounding factor in (multicentre) clinical studies employing radiotherapy. Therefore, detailed contouring guidelines are provided in the prospective randomised multicentre PET-Plan (NCT00697333) clinical trial protocol. This trial compares strictly FDG-PET-based TV delineation with conventional TV delineation in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite detailed contouring guidelines, their interpretation by different radiation oncologists can vary considerably, leading to undesirable discrepancies in TV delineation. Considering this, as part of the PET-Plan study quality assurance (QA), a contouring dummy run (DR) consisting of two phases was performed to analyse the interobserver variability before and after teaching. In the first phase of the DR (DR1), radiation oncologists from 14 study centres were asked to delineate TVs as defined by the study protocol (gross TV, GTV; and two clinical TVs, CTV-A and CTV-B) in a test patient. A teaching session was held at a study group meeting, including a discussion of the results focussing on discordances in comparison to the per-protocol solution. Subsequently, the second phase of the DR (DR2) was performed in order to evaluate the impact of teaching. Teaching after DR1 resulted in a reduction of absolute TVs in DR2, as well as in better concordance of TVs. The Overall Kappa(κ) indices increased from 0.63 to 0.71 (GTV), 0.60 to 0.65 (CTV-A) and from 0.59 to 0.63 (CTV-B), demonstrating improvements in overall interobserver agreement. Contouring DRs and study group meetings as part of QA in multicentre clinical trials help to identify misinterpretations of per-protocol TV delineation. Teaching the correct interpretation of protocol contouring guidelines leads to a reduction in interobserver variability and to more consistent contouring, which should consequently improve the validity of the overall study results.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenkinson, Ian R.; Sun, Jun
2014-03-01
The laminar-flow viscosity of ocean and other natural waters consists of a Newtonian aqueous component contributed by water and salts, and a non-Newtonian one contributed mainly by exopolymeric polymers (EPS) derived largely from planktonic algae and bacteria. Phytoplankton and EPS form thin layers in stratified waters, often associated with density discontinuities. A recent model (Jenkinson and Sun, 2011. J. Plankton Res., 33, 373-383) investigated possible thalassorheological control of pycnocline thickness (PT) by EPS secreted by the harmful dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. The model, based on published measurements of viscosity increase by this species, found that whether it can influence PT depends on the relationship between increased viscosity, deformation rates/stresses and length scale, which the present work has investigated. To do this, flow rate vs. hydrostatic pressure (and hence wall stress) was measured in cultures (relative to that in reference water) in capillaries of 5 radii 0.35-1.5 mm, close to oceanic-turbulence Kolmogorov length. We compared cultures of the potentially harmful algae, K. mikimotoi, Alexandrium catenella, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Skeletonema costatum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the bacterium Escherichia coli. Drag increase, ascribed to rheological thickening by EPS, occurred in the smallest capillaries, but drag reduction (DR) occurred in the largest ones. Since this occurred at Reynolds numbers Re too small for turbulence (or turbulent DR) to occur, this was laminar-flow DR. It may have been superhydrophobic DR (SDR), associated with the surfaces of the plankton and bacteria. SDR is associated with the self-cleaning Lotus-leaf Effect, in which water and dirt are repelled from surfaces bearing nm- to μm-sized irregularities coated with hydrophobic polymers. Because DR decreased measured viscosity and EPS thickening increased it, we could not validate the model. DR, however, represents hitherto unknown phenomenon in the oceans. Along with rheological thickening, Laminar-Flow DR may represent a new tool for plankton to manage ambient flow fields.
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Joint Armaments Conference, Exhibition and Firing Demonstration. Volume 1. Monday - Tuesday
2010-05-20
Grenade Launchers in China, Ms. Juanjuan Yang, China R&D Academy of Machinery · 10055 - K11, Dual- Barrel Air-Burst Weapon, Dr. In Woo Kim...an Advanced Lightweight Material , Mr. Christopher Still, ATK · 10170 - Case Weight Variation Reduction and Subsequent Ballistic Dispersion...10195 - Effects of Barrel Length on Sound Measurement, Bore Pressure, and Bullet Velocity, Dr. Philip Dater, Gemtech · 10186 - MEMS S&A
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Li, Yan; Liu, Chang; Wan, Xin-Shun; Li, Shao-Wei
2018-06-22
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the common cause of diabetic vascular complications. The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), also known as NALP1, inflammasome is the first member of the NLR family to be discovered, playing an important role in inflammatory response. However, its effect on DR development has not been reported. In the study, the wild type (WT) and NLRP1 -/- mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DR. The results indicated that NLRP1 -/- significantly increased bodyweight reduction and decreased blood glucose levels induced by STZ. WT/DR mice exhibited higher levels of NLRP1 in retinas. NLRP1 -/- ameliorated retinal abnormalities in DR mice using H&E staining. In addition, attenuated avascular areas and neovascular tufts were also observed in NLRP1 -/- /DR mice. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and retinas were highly induced in WT/DR mice, whereas being markedly reduced by NLRP1 -/- . In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Iba1 expressions induced by STZ in serum or retinas were significantly down-regulated in NLRP1 -/- /DR mice. Consistently, NLRP1 -/- attenuated ASC and Caspase-1 expressions in retinas of DR mice. Compared to WT/DR group, NLRP1 -/- markedly decreased retina p-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 levels. And similar results were confirmed in vitro that suppressing NLRP1/ASC inflammasome ameliorated inflammatory response in fructose-treated retinal ganglion cells. The results above indicated that the modulation of NLRP1 inflammasome might be a promising strategy for DR therapy. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Chen, Xiang; Gilkeson, Robert; Fei, Baowei
2013-01-01
We are investigating three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) registration methods for computed tomography (CT) and dual-energy digital radiography (DR) for the detection of coronary artery calcification. CT is an established tool for the diagnosis of coronary artery diseases (CADs). Dual-energy digital radiography could be a cost-effective alternative for screening coronary artery calcification. In order to utilize CT as the “gold standard” to evaluate the ability of DR images for the detection and localization of calcium, we developed an automatic intensity-based 3D-to-2D registration method for 3D CT volumes and 2D DR images. To generate digital rendering radiographs (DRR) from the CT volumes, we developed three projection methods, i.e. Gaussian-weighted projection, threshold-based projection, and average-based projection. We tested normalized cross correlation (NCC) and normalized mutual information (NMI) as similarity measurement. We used the Downhill Simplex method as the search strategy. Simulated projection images from CT were fused with the corresponding DR images to evaluate the localization of cardiac calcification. The registration method was evaluated by digital phantoms, physical phantoms, and clinical data sets. The results from the digital phantoms show that the success rate is 100% with mean errors of less 0.8 mm and 0.2 degree for both NCC and NMI. The registration accuracy of the physical phantoms is 0.34 ± 0.27 mm. Color overlay and 3D visualization of the clinical data show that the two images are registered well. This is consistent with the improvement of the NMI values from 0.20 ± 0.03 to 0.25 ± 0.03 after registration. The automatic 3D-to-2D registration method is accurate and robust and may provide a useful tool to evaluate the dual-energy DR images for the detection of coronary artery calcification. PMID:24386527
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Chen, Xiang; Gilkeson, Robert; Fei, Baowei
2007-03-03
We are investigating three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) registration methods for computed tomography (CT) and dual-energy digital radiography (DR) for the detection of coronary artery calcification. CT is an established tool for the diagnosis of coronary artery diseases (CADs). Dual-energy digital radiography could be a cost-effective alternative for screening coronary artery calcification. In order to utilize CT as the "gold standard" to evaluate the ability of DR images for the detection and localization of calcium, we developed an automatic intensity-based 3D-to-2D registration method for 3D CT volumes and 2D DR images. To generate digital rendering radiographs (DRR) from the CT volumes, we developed three projection methods, i.e. Gaussian-weighted projection, threshold-based projection, and average-based projection. We tested normalized cross correlation (NCC) and normalized mutual information (NMI) as similarity measurement. We used the Downhill Simplex method as the search strategy. Simulated projection images from CT were fused with the corresponding DR images to evaluate the localization of cardiac calcification. The registration method was evaluated by digital phantoms, physical phantoms, and clinical data sets. The results from the digital phantoms show that the success rate is 100% with mean errors of less 0.8 mm and 0.2 degree for both NCC and NMI. The registration accuracy of the physical phantoms is 0.34 ± 0.27 mm. Color overlay and 3D visualization of the clinical data show that the two images are registered well. This is consistent with the improvement of the NMI values from 0.20 ± 0.03 to 0.25 ± 0.03 after registration. The automatic 3D-to-2D registration method is accurate and robust and may provide a useful tool to evaluate the dual-energy DR images for the detection of coronary artery calcification.
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Esmaeelpour, Marieh; Brunner, Simon; Ansari-Shahrezaei, Siamak; Shahrezaei, Siamak Ansari; Nemetz, Susanne; Povazay, Boris; Kajic, Vedran; Drexler, Wolfgang; Binder, Susanne
2012-10-03
To map choroidal (ChT) and retinal thickness (RT) in patients with diabetes type 1 with and without maculopathy and retinopathy in order to compare them with healthy subjects using high speed 3-dimensional (3D) 1060 nm optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty-three eyes from 33 diabetes type 1 subjects (23-57 years, 15 male) divided into groups of without pathology (NDR) and with pathology (DR; including microaneurysms, exudates, clinically significant macular-oedema and proliferative retinopathy) were compared with 20 healthy axial eye length and age-matched subjects (24-57 years, 9 male), imaged by high speed (60.000 A-scans/s) 3D 1060 nm OCT performed over 36° × 36° field of view. Ocular health status, disease duration, body mass index, haemoglobin-A1c, and blood pressure (bp) measurements were recorded. Subfoveal ChT, and 2D topographic maps between retinal pigment epithelium and the choroidal/scleral-interface, were automatically generated and statistically analyzed. Subfoveal ChT (mean ± SD, μm) for healthy eyes was 388 ± 109; significantly thicker than all diabetic groups, 291 ± 64 for NDR, and 303 ± 82 for DR (ANOVA P < 0.004, Tukey P = 0.01 for NDR and DR). Thinning did not relate to recorded factors (multi-regression analysis, P > 0.05). Compared with healthy eyes and the NDR, the averaged DR ChT-map demonstrated temporal thinning that extended superiorly and temporal-inferiorly (unpaired t-test, P < 0.05). Foveal RT and RT-maps showed no statistically significant difference between groups (mean SD, μm, healthy 212 ± 17, NDR 217 ± 15, DR 216 ± 27, ANOVA P > 0.05). ChT is decreased in diabetes type 1, independent of the absence of pathology and of diabetic disease duration. In eyes with pathology, 3D 1060 nm OCT averaged maps showed an extension of the thinning area matching retinal lesions and suggesting its involvement on onset or progression of disease.
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Benavides, Erika; Rios, Hector F; Ganz, Scott D; An, Chang-Hyeon; Resnik, Randolph; Reardon, Gayle Tieszen; Feldman, Steven J; Mah, James K; Hatcher, David; Kim, Myung-Jin; Sohn, Dong-Seok; Palti, Ady; Perel, Morton L; Judy, Kenneth W M; Misch, Carl E; Wang, Hom-Lay
2012-04-01
The International Congress of Oral Implantologists has supported the development of this consensus report involving the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in implant dentistry with the intent of providing scientifically based guidance to clinicians regarding its use as an adjunct to traditional imaging modalities. The literature regarding CBCT and implant dentistry was systematically reviewed. A PubMed search that included studies published between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2011, was conducted. Oral presentations, in conjunction with these studies, were given by Dr. Erika Benavides, Dr. Scott Ganz, Dr. James Mah, Dr. Myung-Jin Kim, and Dr. David Hatcher at a meeting of the International Congress of Oral Implantologists in Seoul, Korea, on October 6-8, 2011. The studies published could be divided into four main groups: diagnostics, implant planning, surgical guidance, and postimplant evaluation. The literature supports the use of CBCT in dental implant treatment planning particularly in regards to linear measurements, three-dimensional evaluation of alveolar ridge topography, proximity to vital anatomical structures, and fabrication of surgical guides. Areas such as CBCT-derived bone density measurements, CBCT-aided surgical navigation, and postimplant CBCT artifacts need further research. ICOI RECOMMENDATIONS: All CBCT examinations, as all other radiographic examinations, must be justified on an individualized needs basis. The benefits to the patient for each CBCT scan must outweigh the potential risks. CBCT scans should not be taken without initially obtaining thorough medical and dental histories and performing a comprehensive clinical examination. CBCT should be considered as an imaging alternative in cases where the projected implant receptor or bone augmentation site(s) are suspect, and conventional radiography may not be able to assess the true regional three-dimensional anatomical presentation. The smallest possible field of view should be used, and the entire image volume should be interpreted.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, Xiang; Gilkeson, Robert; Fei, Baowei
2007-03-01
We are investigating three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) registration methods for computed tomography (CT) and dual-energy digital radiography (DR) for the detection of coronary artery calcification. CT is an established tool for the diagnosis of coronary artery diseases (CADs). Dual-energy digital radiography could be a cost-effective alternative for screening coronary artery calcification. In order to utilize CT as the "gold standard" to evaluate the ability of DR images for the detection and localization of calcium, we developed an automatic intensity-based 3D-to-2D registration method for 3D CT volumes and 2D DR images. To generate digital rendering radiographs (DRR) from the CT volumes, we developed three projection methods, i.e. Gaussian-weighted projection, threshold-based projection, and average-based projection. We tested normalized cross correlation (NCC) and normalized mutual information (NMI) as similarity measurement. We used the Downhill Simplex method as the search strategy. Simulated projection images from CT were fused with the corresponding DR images to evaluate the localization of cardiac calcification. The registration method was evaluated by digital phantoms, physical phantoms, and clinical data sets. The results from the digital phantoms show that the success rate is 100% with mean errors of less 0.8 mm and 0.2 degree for both NCC and NMI. The registration accuracy of the physical phantoms is 0.34 +/- 0.27 mm. Color overlay and 3D visualization of the clinical data show that the two images are registered well. This is consistent with the improvement of the NMI values from 0.20 +/- 0.03 to 0.25 +/- 0.03 after registration. The automatic 3D-to-2D registration method is accurate and robust and may provide a useful tool to evaluate the dual-energy DR images for the detection of coronary artery calcification.
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Ma, Qinghua; Chen, Dandan; Sun, Hong-Peng; Yan, Ning; Xu, Yong; Pan, Chen-Wei
2015-01-01
Objective. To determine the association between regular Chinese green tea consumption and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetic patients in China. Methods. 100 DR patients and 100 age-sex-matched diabetic controls without retinopathy were recruited in a clinic-based, case-control study. DR was defined from retinal photographs and detailed information on Chinese green tea consumption of the participants was collected through a face-to-face interview. Results. The crude odds ratio [OR] of Chinese green tea consumption for DR was 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.90). When stratified by sex, the protective effect of Chinese green tea consumption on DR was statistically significant in women (P = 0.01) but not in men (P = 0.63). After adjusting for age, sex, and other confounders, DR was significantly associated with Chinese green tea consumption (OR = 0.48; P = 0.04), higher systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02; P = 0.05), longer duration of diabetes (OR = 1.07; P = 0.02), and the presence of family history of diabetes (OR = 2.35; P = 0.04). Conclusions. Diabetic patients who had regularly drunk Chinese green tea every week for at least one year in their lives had a DR risk reduction of about 50% compared with those who had not. Regular Chinese green tea consumption may be a novel approach for the prevention of DR. PMID:26539551
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Ma, Qinghua; Chen, Dandan; Sun, Hong-Peng; Yan, Ning; Xu, Yong; Pan, Chen-Wei
2015-01-01
To determine the association between regular Chinese green tea consumption and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetic patients in China. 100 DR patients and 100 age-sex-matched diabetic controls without retinopathy were recruited in a clinic-based, case-control study. DR was defined from retinal photographs and detailed information on Chinese green tea consumption of the participants was collected through a face-to-face interview. The crude odds ratio [OR] of Chinese green tea consumption for DR was 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.26-0.90). When stratified by sex, the protective effect of Chinese green tea consumption on DR was statistically significant in women (P = 0.01) but not in men (P = 0.63). After adjusting for age, sex, and other confounders, DR was significantly associated with Chinese green tea consumption (OR = 0.48; P = 0.04), higher systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02; P = 0.05), longer duration of diabetes (OR = 1.07; P = 0.02), and the presence of family history of diabetes (OR = 2.35; P = 0.04). Diabetic patients who had regularly drunk Chinese green tea every week for at least one year in their lives had a DR risk reduction of about 50% compared with those who had not. Regular Chinese green tea consumption may be a novel approach for the prevention of DR.
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The Human Terrain System: Operationally Relevant Social Science Research in Iraq and Afghanistan
2015-12-01
my own studies; I have learned from them that scholarship is, indeed, a collective enterprise. Dr. Martin Bayly, Dr. Aliki Karapliagou, Andrea Coles...Division Colonel Martin Schweitzer’s initial positive assessment of AF1 in October 2007 (quoted by The New York Times) credited the team with re- ducing... Martin Schweitzer’s claim in congressional testimony concerning the quantitative reduction in kinetic activity. In February 2008, after
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DR3 regulation of apoptosis of naive T-lymphocytes in children with acute infectious mononucleosis.
Filatova, Elena Nikolaevna; Anisenkova, Elena Viktorovna; Presnyakova, Nataliya Borisovna; Utkin, Oleg Vladimirovich
2016-09-01
Acute infectious mononucleosis (AIM) is a widespread viral disease that mostly affects children. Development of AIM is accompanied by a change in the ratio of immune cells. This is provided by means of different biological processes including the regulation of apoptosis of naive T-cells. One of the potential regulators of apoptosis of T-lymphocytes is a death receptor 3 (DR3). We have studied the role of DR3 in the regulation of apoptosis of naive CD4 + (nTh) and CD8 + (nCTL) T-cells in healthy children and children with AIM. In healthy children as well as in children with AIM, the activation of DR3 is accompanied by inhibition of apoptosis of nTh. In healthy children, the stimulation of DR3 resulted in the increase in apoptosis of nCTL. On the contrary, in children with AIM, the level of apoptosis of nCTL decreased after DR3 activation, which is a positive contribution to the antiviral immune response. In children with AIM, nCTL are characterized by reduced level of apoptosis as compared with healthy children. These results indicate that DR3 can be involved in the reduction of sensitivity of nCTL to apoptosis in children with AIM.
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Facilitating surgeon understanding of complex anatomy using a three-dimensional printed model.
Cromeens, Barrett P; Ray, William C; Hoehne, Brad; Abayneh, Fikir; Adler, Brent; Besner, Gail E
2017-08-01
3-dimensional prints (3DP) anecdotally facilitate surgeon understanding of anatomy and decision-making. However, the actual benefit to surgeons or patients has not been quantified. This study investigates how surgeon understanding of complex anatomy is altered by a 3DP compared to computed tomography (CT) scan or CT + digital reconstruction (CT + DR). Key anatomic features were segmented from a CT-abdomen/pelvis of pygopagus twins to build a DR and printed in color on a 3D printer. Pediatric surgery trainees and attendings (n = 21) were tested regarding anatomy identification and their understanding of point-to-point distances, scale, and shape. There was no difference between media regarding point-to-point distances. The 3DP led to an increased number of correct answers for questions of scale and shape compared to CT (P < 0.05). CT + DR performance was intermediate but not statistically different from 3DP or CT. Identification of anatomy was inconsistent between media; however, answers were significantly closer to correct when using the 3DP. Participants completed the test faster with the 3DP (6.6 ± 0.5 min) (P < 0.05) than with CT (18.9 ± 2.5 min) or CT + 3DR (14.9 ± 1.5 min). Although point-to-point measurements were not different, 3DP increased the understanding of shape, scale, and anatomy. It enabled understanding significantly faster than other media. In difficult surgical cases with complex anatomy and a need for efficient multidisciplinary coordination, 3D printed models should be considered for surgical planning. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Comparison of superhydrophobic drag reduction between turbulent pipe and channel flows
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Im, Hyung Jae; Lee, Jae Hwa
2017-09-01
It has been known over several decades that canonical wall-bounded internal flows of a pipe and channel share flow similarities, in particular, close to the wall due to the negligible curvature effect. In the present study, direct numerical simulations of fully developed turbulent pipe and channel flows are performed to investigate the influence of the superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) on the turbulence dynamics and the resultant drag reduction (DR) of the flows under similar conditions. SHSs at the wall are modeled in spanwise-alternating longitudinal regions with a boundary with no-slip and shear-free conditions, and the two parameters of the spanwise periodicity (P/δ) and SHS fraction (GF) within a pitch are considered. It is shown, in agreement with previous investigations in channels, that the turbulent drag for the pipe and channel flows over SHSs is continuously decreased with increases in P/δ and GF. However, the DR rate in the pipe flows is greater than that in the channel flows with an accompanying reduction of the Reynolds stress. The enhanced performance of the DR for the pipe flow is attributed to the increased streamwise slip and weakened Reynolds shear stress contributions. In addition, a mathematical analysis of the spanwise mean vorticity equation suggests that the presence of a strong secondary flow due to the increased spanwise slip of the pipe flows makes a greater negative contribution of advective vorticity transport than the channel flows, resulting in a higher DR value. Finally, an inspection of the origin of the mean secondary flow in turbulent flows over SHSs based on the spatial gradients of the turbulent kinetic energy demonstrates that the secondary flow is both driven and sustained by spatial gradients in the Reynolds stress components, i.e., Prandtl's secondary flow of the second kind.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Baadsgaard, O.
1986-04-01
Circulating and in situ lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in four patients with compositae oleoresin dermatitis and increased ultraviolet A sensitivity before and during treatment with azathioprine were estimated. It was found that the number of Leu 6+ Langerhans cells decreased during therapy. This decrease was accompanied by a reduction in the number of Leu 2a+, Leu 3a+, Leu 4+, DR+, and Leu M2+ cells in the blood and a reduction in the number of Leu 2a+, Leu 3a+, Leu 4+, and DR+ cells in the skin. Concomitantly with the changes in the number of immunocompetent cells, the eczema cleared.
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An Integral Method and Its Application to Some Three-Dimensional Boundary-Layer Flows,
1979-07-18
M. Scala Dr. H. Lew Mr. J. W. Faust A . Martellucci W. Daskin J. D. Cresswell J. B. Arnaiz L. A . Marshall J. Cassanto R. Hobbs C. Harris F. George P.O...RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT 18 JULY 1979 Approved for public release, distribution unlimited DTICEILECTE1 APR 2 5 1930,, A NAVAL SURFACE WEAPONS...TITLE (end Subtlle) S. TYPE OF REPORT A PERIOD COVERED I INVTEGRAL M.ETHOD AND ITS 4PPLICATION TO SSOME THREE-DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOWS 6
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Oh, Ein; Yoo, Tae Keun; Park, Eun-Cheol
2013-09-13
Blindness due to diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major disability in diabetic patients. Although early management has shown to prevent vision loss, diabetic patients have a low rate of routine ophthalmologic examination. Hence, we developed and validated sparse learning models with the aim of identifying the risk of DR in diabetic patients. Health records from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) V-1 were used. The prediction models for DR were constructed using data from 327 diabetic patients, and were validated internally on 163 patients in the KNHANES V-1. External validation was performed using 562 diabetic patients in the KNHANES V-2. The learning models, including ridge, elastic net, and LASSO, were compared to the traditional indicators of DR. Considering the Bayesian information criterion, LASSO predicted DR most efficiently. In the internal and external validation, LASSO was significantly superior to the traditional indicators by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic. LASSO showed an AUC of 0.81 and an accuracy of 73.6% in the internal validation, and an AUC of 0.82 and an accuracy of 75.2% in the external validation. The sparse learning model using LASSO was effective in analyzing the epidemiological underlying patterns of DR. This is the first study to develop a machine learning model to predict DR risk using health records. LASSO can be an excellent choice when both discriminative power and variable selection are important in the analysis of high-dimensional electronic health records.
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Involvement of arterial baroreflex in the protective effect of dietary restriction against stroke
Liu, Ai-Jun; Guo, Jin-Min; Liu, Wei; Su, Feng-Yun; Zhai, Qi-Wei; Mehta, Jawahar L; Wang, Wei-Zhong; Su, Ding-Feng
2013-01-01
Dietary restriction (DR) protects against neuronal dysfunction and degeneration, and reduces the risk of ischemic stroke. This study examined the role of silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) and arterial baroreflex in the beneficial effects of DR against stroke, using two distinct stroke models: stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SP-SHRs) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Sirt1 knockout (KO) mice were used to examine the involvement of sirt1. Sinoaortic denervation was used to inactivate arterial baroreflex. Dietary restriction was defined as 40% reduction of dietary intake. Briefly, DR prolonged the life span of SP-SHRs and reduced the infarct size induced by MCAO. Dietary restriction also improved the function arterial baroreflex, decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced end-organ damage. The beneficial effect of DR on stroke was markedly attenuated by blunting arterial baroreflex. Lastly, the infarct area in sirt1 KO mice was significantly larger than in the wild-type mice. However, the beneficial effect of DR against ischemic injury was still apparent in sirt1 KO mice. Accordingly, arterial baroreflex, but not sirt1, is important in the protective effect of DR against stroke. PMID:23443169
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Cui, Borui; Gao, Dian-ce; Xiao, Fu; ...
2016-12-23
This article provides a method in comprehensive evaluation of cost-saving potential of active cool thermal energy storage (CTES) integrated with HVAC system for demand management in non-residential building. The active storage is beneficial by shifting peak demand for peak load management (PLM) as well as providing longer duration and larger capacity of demand response (DR). In this research, a model-based optimal design method using genetic algorithm is developed to optimize the capacity of active CTES aiming for maximizing the life-cycle cost saving concerning capital cost associated with storage capacity as well as incentives from both fast DR and PLM. Inmore » the method, the active CTES operates under a fast DR control strategy during DR events while under the storage-priority operation mode to shift peak demand during normal days. The optimal storage capacities, maximum annual net cost saving and corresponding power reduction set-points during DR event are obtained by using the proposed optimal design method. Lastly, this research provides guidance in comprehensive evaluation of cost-saving potential of CTES integrated with HVAC system for building demand management including both fast DR and PLM.« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Cui, Borui; Gao, Dian-ce; Xiao, Fu
This article provides a method in comprehensive evaluation of cost-saving potential of active cool thermal energy storage (CTES) integrated with HVAC system for demand management in non-residential building. The active storage is beneficial by shifting peak demand for peak load management (PLM) as well as providing longer duration and larger capacity of demand response (DR). In this research, a model-based optimal design method using genetic algorithm is developed to optimize the capacity of active CTES aiming for maximizing the life-cycle cost saving concerning capital cost associated with storage capacity as well as incentives from both fast DR and PLM. Inmore » the method, the active CTES operates under a fast DR control strategy during DR events while under the storage-priority operation mode to shift peak demand during normal days. The optimal storage capacities, maximum annual net cost saving and corresponding power reduction set-points during DR event are obtained by using the proposed optimal design method. Lastly, this research provides guidance in comprehensive evaluation of cost-saving potential of CTES integrated with HVAC system for building demand management including both fast DR and PLM.« less
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Legland, David; Guillon, Fabienne; Kiêu, Kiên; Bouchet, Brigitte; Devaux, Marie-Françoise
2010-01-01
Background and Aims The cellular structure of fleshy fruits is of interest to study fruit shape, size, mechanical behaviour or sensory texture. The cellular structure is usually not observed in the whole fruit but, instead, in a sample of limited size and volume. It is therefore difficult to extend measurements to the whole fruit and/or to a specific genotype, or to describe the cellular structure heterogeneity within the fruit. Methods An integrated method is presented to describe the cellular structure of the whole fruit from partial three-dimensional (3D) observations, involving the following steps: (1) fruit sampling, (2) 3D image acquisition and processing and (3) measurement and estimation of relevant 3D morphological parameters. This method was applied to characterize DR12 mutant and wild-type tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Key Results The cellular structure was described using the total volume of the pericarp, the surface area of the cell walls and the ratio of cell-wall surface area to pericarp volume, referred to as the cell-wall surface density. The heterogeneity of cellular structure within the fruit was investigated by estimating variations in the cell-wall surface density with distance to the epidermis. Conclusions The DR12 mutant presents a greater pericarp volume and an increase of cell-wall surface density under the epidermis. PMID:19952012
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1974-03-01
Members Dr. Nevin K. Hiester Director, Technoeconomics Program Stanford Research Institute Menlo Park, California 94025 Dr. Michael Hoch...Titanium Sponge Statistics 11 TABLE II. Plants for the Production of Titanium Sponge 12 TABLE III. Estimated Sponge Production...de Nemours and Co. built the first nongovernment pilot plant . That year is considered the start of small-scale commercial pro- duction of
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A Statistical Procedure for Assessing Test Dimensionality.
1984-03-09
Office of Scientific Research I Military Assistant for Training and Life Sciences Directorate, NL Personnel Technology Bolling Air Force Base Office of...DEPARTIINT University of Tennessee UIVERSITY OF KANSAS XKoxvlle, TN 37936 Lawrence, KS 66045 I Dr. John 1. Carroll I RIC Facility-Acquisitions 409 Elliott Rd
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Duvnjak, L; Tomić, M; Blaslov, K; Vučković Rebrina, S
2016-06-01
To determine whether cardiac autonomic dysfunction represents a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (DR) development and progression in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study comprised 154 normoalbuminuric persons with T1DM divided into two groups according to the DR presence: with and without DR. Cardiovascular autonomic functioning was measured at baseline using conventional and spectral analysis. Participants were re-examined for the DR presence 18months after. The group with DR had longer disease duration compared to the group without DR (20 vrs 11.5years, p<0.001), heart rate coefficient of variation (HRV-CV) at rest and during deep breathing were lower in participants with DR (p=0.001 and 0.004), as well did spectral indices of HRV: low frequency (LF) band, high frequency (HF) band (p=0.003 and 0.022) while LF/HF ratio indicating sympathovagal balance was higher (p=0.037). No difference in glycaemic control or blood pressure value were observed. Twenty-one (13.36%) participants developed non proliferative DR or progressed to proliferative DR. Cox proportional regression showed that the 18months risk from retinal deterioration was reduced by 33.4% by each increase in the HRV-CV of 1%, 12.7% for the same HRV-CV increase during deep breathing while LF band of 1ms(2) results in 8.6% risk reduction. This study provides evidence that DR should not be considered merely a metabolic control manifestation and that HRV-CV as well as spectral indices of HRV might serve as a practical tool to identify a subgroup of T1DM patients with higher risk of retinal deterioration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The Demand Reduction Potential of Smart Appliances in U.S. Homes
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Makhmalbaf, Atefe; Srivastava, Viraj; Parker, Graham B.
The widespread deployment of demand respond (DR) enabled home appliances is expected to have significant reduction in the demand of electricity during peak hours. The work documented in this paper focuses on estimating the energy shift resulting from the installation of DR enabled smart appliances in the U.S. This estimation is based on analyzing the market for smart appliances and calculating the total energy demand that can potentially be shifted by DR control in appliances. Appliance operation is examined by considering their sub components individually to identify their energy consumptions and savings resulting from interrupting and shifting their load, e.g.,more » by delaying the refrigerator defrost cycle. In addition to major residential appliances, residential pool pumps are also included in this study given their energy consumption profiles that make them favorable for DR applications. In the market analysis study documented in this paper, the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) and National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) databases are used to examine the expected life of an appliance, the number of appliances installed in homes constructed in 10 year intervals after 1940 and home owner income. Conclusions about the effectiveness of the smart appliances in reducing electrical demand have been drawn and a ranking of appliances in terms of their contribution to load shift is presented. E.g., it was concluded that DR enabled water heaters result in the maximum load shift; whereas, dishwashers have the highest user elasticity and hence the highest potential for load shifting through DR. This work is part of a larger effort to bring novel home energy management concepts and technologies to reduce energy consumption, reduce peak electricity demand, integrate renewables and storage technology, and change homeowner behavior to manage and consume less energy and potentially save consumer energy costs.« less
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Precursor Forms of Vitamin D Reduce HIV-1 Infection In Vitro.
Aguilar-Jimenez, Wbeimar; Villegas-Ospina, Simon; Gonzalez, Sandra; Zapata, Wildeman; Saulle, Irma; Garziano, Micaela; Biasin, Mara; Clerici, Mario; Rugeles, Maria T
2016-12-15
Although the anti-HIV-1 effects of vitamin D (VitD) have been reported, mechanisms behind such protection remain largely unexplored. The effects of two precursor forms (cholecalciferol/calciol at 0.01, 1 and 100 nM and calcidiol at 100 and 250 nM) on HIV-1 infection, immune activation, and gene expression were analyzed in vitro in cells of Colombian and Italian healthy donors. We quantified levels of released p24 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, of intracellular p24 and cell-surface expression of CD38 and HLA-DR by flow cytometry, and mRNA expression of antiviral and immunoregulatory genes by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cholecalciferol decreased the frequency of HIV-1-infected p24CD4 T cells and levels of p24 in supernatants in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the CD4CD38HLA-DR and CD4CD38HLA-DR subpopulations were more susceptible to infection but displayed the greatest cholecalciferol-induced decreases in infection rate by an X4-tropic strain. Likewise, cholecalciferol at its highest concentration decreased the frequency of CD38HLA-DR but not of CD38HLA-DR T-cell subsets. Analyzing the effects of calcidiol, the main VitD source for immune cells and an R5-tropic strain as the most frequently transmitted virus, a reduction in HIV-1 productive infection was also observed. In addition, an increase in mRNA expression of APOBEC3G and PI3 and a reduction of TRIM22 and CCR5 expression, this latter positively correlated with p24 levels, was noted. VitD reduces HIV-1 infection in T cells possibly by inducing antiviral gene expression, reducing the viral co-receptor CCR5 and, at least at the highest cholecalciferol concentration, by promoting an HIV-1-restrictive CD38HLA-DR immunophenotype.
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The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Blackwater Escape.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Waddell, Thomas G.; Rybolt, Thomas R.
2003-01-01
Presents a mystery based on the well-known characters, Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. Emphasizes qualitative inorganic analysis, laboratory observations, and oxidation-reduction processes. (Author/YDS)
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Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy.
Safi, Hamid; Safi, Sare; Hafezi-Moghadam, Ali; Ahmadieh, Hamid
2018-04-18
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a primary cause of visual impairment worldwide. Diabetes mellitus may be associated with ophthalmoscopically nonvisible neurovascular damage that progresses before the first clinical signs of DR appear. Reduction of the inner neuroretinal layer thickness on macular optical coherence tomography (OCT), reduced contrast sensitivity primarily at low spatial frequencies, abnormal results in color vision and microperimetry tests, and a prolonged implicit time recorded by multifocal electroretinography have been proposed for detection of early functional and nonvisible structural neuroretinal changes. Vascular abnormalities such as changes in the retinal vessels caliber, architectural indices, and blood flow have been investigated to evaluate the early stages of DR. The results of OCT angiography, retinal vessel oxygen saturation patterns, and elevated levels of circulating blood markers and cytokines have been suggested as early signs of DR. Light-based molecular imaging in rodents has been developed to demonstrate changes in protein expressions in the retinal microvessels as diagnostic biomarkers. Future clinical studies will examine the safety and efficacy of this approach in humans. We summarize all studies related to subclinical DR biomarkers. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Myth 5: Creativity Is Too Difficult to Measure
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Treffinger, Donald J.
2009-01-01
In his 1982 response to the myth that "creativity is too difficult to measure," Dr. Joe Khatena (a long-time contributor to the literature on creativity), characterized creativity as the "most exciting dimension of mental functioning." Building on a three-dimensional view of creativity (emphasizing the "individual," the "environment," and the…
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2006-10-10
principal investigator, Dr. Michael Scalora (Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, AL (USA). During the first three months we investigated some devices based on...X. Alvarez-Mico, R. Gomez-Bombarelli, M. Cappeddu, M. Scalora , M.J. Bloemer, submitted to Applied Physics Letters.
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Detection of Aberrant Response Patterns and Their Effect on Dimensionality.
1980-04-01
diagnostic testing system which utilizes network theory for routing examinees through a set of problems In the addition and subtraction of positive...22333 Brooks AFB. TZ 78235 12 Defense Documentation Center Cameron Station, Bldg. 5 COL F. A. Nerone . Director 1 Dr. Marty Ilockwey (AFHRL/TT
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Beli, Eleni; Yan, Yuanqing; Moldovan, Leni; Vieira, Cristiano P; Gao, Ruli; Duan, Yaqian; Prasad, Ram; Bhatwadekar, Ashay; White, Fletcher A; Townsend, Steven; Chan, Luisa; Ryan, Caitlin N; Morton, Daniel; Moldovan, Emil G; Chu, Fang-I; Oudit, Gavin Y; Derendorf, Hartmut; Adorini, Luciano; Wang, Xiaoxin X; Evans-Molina, Carmella; Mirmira, Raghavendra G; Boulton, Michael E; Yoder, Mervin C; Li, Qiuhong; Levi, Moshe; Busik, Julia V; Grant, Maria B
2018-04-30
Intermittent fasting (IF) protects against the development of metabolic diseases and cancer, but whether it can prevent diabetic microvascular complications is not known. In db/db mice, we examined the impact of long-term IF on diabetic retinopathy (DR). Despite no change in glycated hemoglobin, db/db mice on the IF regimen displayed significantly longer survival and a reduction in DR endpoints, including acellular capillaries and leukocyte infiltration. We hypothesized that IF mediated changes in the gut microbiota would produce beneficial metabolites and prevent the development of DR. Microbiome analysis revealed increased levels of Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia Compared to db/db mice on ad-libitum (AL) feeding, changes in the microbiome of the db/db mice on IF were associated with increases in gut mucin, goblet cell number and villi length and reductions in plasma peptidoglycan. Consistent with the known modulatory effects of Firmicutes on bile acid (BA) metabolism, measurement of BAs demonstrated a significant increase of tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), a neuroprotective BA, in db/db on IF but not in db/db on AL feeding. TGR-5, the TUDCA receptor, was found in neural cells of the retina primary ganglion cells. Expression of TGR5 did not change with IF or diabetes. However, IF reduced retinal TNF-α mRNA, which is a key downstream target of TGR-5 activation. Pharmacological activation of TGR5 using INT-767 prevented DR in a second diabetic mouse model. These findings support the concept that IF prevents DR by restructuring the microbiota towards species producing TUDCA and subsequent retinal protection by TGR5 activation. © 2018 by the American Diabetes Association.
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Therapeutic Effects of PPARα Agonists on Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes Models
Chen, Ying; Hu, Yang; Lin, Mingkai; Jenkins, Alicia J.; Keech, Anthony C.; Mott, Robert; Lyons, Timothy J.; Ma, Jian-xing
2013-01-01
Retinal vascular leakage, inflammation, and neovascularization (NV) are features of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, has shown robust protective effects against DR in type 2 diabetic patients, but its effects on DR in type 1 diabetes have not been reported. This study evaluated the efficacy of fenofibrate on DR in type 1 diabetes models and determined if the effect is PPARα dependent. Oral administration of fenofibrate significantly ameliorated retinal vascular leakage and leukostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in Akita mice. Favorable effects on DR were also achieved by intravitreal injection of fenofibrate or another specific PPARα agonist. Fenofibrate also ameliorated retinal NV in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and inhibited tube formation and migration in cultured endothelial cells. Fenofibrate also attenuated overexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and blocked activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and nuclear factor-κB in the retinas of OIR and diabetic models. Fenofibrate’s beneficial effects were blocked by a specific PPARα antagonist. Furthermore, Pparα knockout abolished the fenofibrate-induced downregulation of VEGF and reduction of retinal vascular leakage in DR models. These results demonstrate therapeutic effects of fenofibrate on DR in type 1 diabetes and support the existence of the drug target in ocular tissues and via a PPARα-dependent mechanism. PMID:23043158
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New Treatments for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy that Target Presynaptic Transmitter Release
2013-05-01
resistance to enter status epilepticus in contrast to colonies established at Dr. Stanton’s laboratories based in animals originally provided by Dr...of SV2A proteins by Western Blotting at 10 days following status epilepticus (Fig. 8C). At 1 month after status epilepticus , SV2A protein levels were... status epilepticus . Reduction of SV2A transcripts in qPCR was not as dramatic when compared to changes in protein expression (Fig. 8D) but this may
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ORAC-DR: Pipelining With Other People's Code
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Economou, Frossie; Bridger, Alan; Wright, Gillian S.; Jenness, Tim; Currie, Malcolm J.; Adamson, Andy
As part of the UKIRT ORAC project, we have developed a pipeline (orac-dr) for driving on-line data reduction using existing astronomical packages as algorithm engines and display tools. The design is modular and extensible on several levels, allowing it to be easily adapted to a wide variety of instruments. Here we briefly review the design, discuss the robustness and speed of execution issues inherent in such pipelines, and address what constitutes a desirable (in terms of ``buy-in'' effort) engine or tool.
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New modeling method for the dielectric relaxation of a DRAM cell capacitor
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Choi, Sujin; Sun, Wookyung; Shin, Hyungsoon
2018-02-01
This study proposes a new method for automatically synthesizing the equivalent circuit of the dielectric relaxation (DR) characteristic in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) without frequency dependent capacitance measurement. Charge loss due to DR can be observed by a voltage drop at the storage node and this phenomenon can be analyzed by an equivalent circuit. The Havariliak-Negami model is used to accurately determine the electrical characteristic parameters of an equivalent circuit. The DRAM sensing operation is performed in HSPICE simulations to verify this new method. The simulation demonstrates that the storage node voltage drop resulting from DR and the reduction in the sensing voltage margin, which has a critical impact on DRAM read operation, can be accurately estimated using this new method.
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Yee, Sophia Hui Xin; Esguerra, Roxanna Jean; Chew, Amelia Anya Qin'An; Wong, Keng Mun; Tan, Keson Beng Choon
2018-02-01
Accurate maxillomandibular relationship transfer is important for CAD/CAM prostheses. This study compared the 3D-accuracy of virtual model static articulation in three laboratory scanner-CAD systems (Ceramill Map400 [AG], inEos X5 [SIR], Scanner S600 Arti [ZKN]) using two virtual articulation methods: mounted models (MO), interocclusal record (IR). The master model simulated a single crown opposing a 3-unit fixed partial denture. Reference values were obtained by measuring interarch and interocclusal reference features with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). MO group stone casts were articulator-mounted with acrylic resin bite registrations while IR group casts were hand-articulated with poly(vinyl siloxane) bite registrations. Five test model sets were scanned and articulated virtually with each system (6 test groups, 15 data sets). STL files of the virtual models were measured with CMM software. dR R , dR C , and dR L , represented interarch global distortions at right, central, and left sides, respectively, while dR M , dX M , dY M , and dZ M represented interocclusal global and linear distortions between preparations. Mean interarch 3D distortion ranged from -348.7 to 192.2 μm for dR R , -86.3 to 44.1 μm for dR C , and -168.1 to 4.4 μm for dR L . Mean interocclusal distortion ranged from -257.2 to -85.2 μm for dR M , -285.7 to 183.9 μm for dX M , -100.5 to 114.8 μm for dY M , and -269.1 to -50.6 μm for dZ M . ANOVA showed that articulation method had significant effect on dR R and dX M , while system had a significant effect on dR R , dR C , dR L , dR M , and dZ M . There were significant differences between 6 test groups for dR R, dR L dX M , and dZ M . dR R and dX M were significantly greater in AG-IR, and this was significantly different from SIR-IR, ZKN-IR, and all MO groups. Interarch and interocclusal distances increased in MO groups, while they decreased in IR groups. AG-IR had the greatest interarch distortion as well as interocclusal superior-inferior distortion. The other groups performed similarly to each other, and the overall interarch distortion did not exceed 0.7%. In these systems and articulation methods, interocclusal distortions may result in hyper- or infra-occluded prostheses. © 2017 by the American College of Prosthodontists.
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Taming the Anxious Mind: An 8-Week Mindfulness Meditation Group at a University Counseling Center
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Murphy, Michael C.
2006-01-01
This article describes an eight-week mindfulness meditation-based group that took place at a university counseling center. The group is patterned after the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program developed by Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn at the Stress Reduction Clinic at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. Group members are taught…
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Li, Li; Chen, Xiaodan; Shi, Lu; Wang, Chuanjing; Fu, Bing; Qiu, Tianhang; Cui, Suxia
2017-01-01
After a long-term adaptation to desert environment, the perennial aquatic plant Phragmites communis has evolved a desert-dune ecotype. The desert-dune ecotype (DR) of Phragmites communis showed significant differences in water activity and protein distribution compared to its sympatric swamp ecotype (SR). Many proteins that were located in the soluble fraction of SR translocated to the insoluble fraction of DR, suggesting that membrane-associated proteins were greatly reinforced in DR. The unknown phenomenon in plant stress physiology was defined as a proteome translocation response. Quantitative 2D-DIGE technology highlighted these 'bound' proteins in DR. Fifty-eight kinds of proteins were identified as candidates of the translocated proteome in Phragmites . The majority were chloroplast proteins. Unexpectedly, Rubisco was the most abundant protein sequestered by DR. Rubisco activase, various chaperons and 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin were major components in the translocation response. Conformational change was assumed to be the main reason for the Rubisco translocation due to no primary sequence difference between DR and SR. The addition of reductant in extraction process partially reversed the translocation response, implying that intracellular redox status plays a role in the translocation response of the proteome. The finding emphasizes the realistic significance of the membrane-association of biomolecule for plant long-term adaptation to complex stress conditions.
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C de Oliveira, Dalila; Santos, Ed Wilson; Nogueira-Pedro, Amanda; Xavier, José Guilherme; Borelli, Primavera; Fock, Ricardo Ambrósio
2018-04-01
Dietary restriction (DR) is a nutritional intervention that exerts profound effects on biochemical and immunologic parameters, modulating some inflammatory properties. Glutamine (GLN) is a conditionally essential amino acid that can modulate inflammatory properties. However, there is a lack of data evaluating the effects of DR and GLN supplementation, especially in relation to inflammatory cytokine production and the expression of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB. We subjected 3-mo-old male Balb/c mice to DR by reducing their food intake by 30%. DR animals lost weight and showed reduced levels of serum triacylglycerols, glucose, cholesterol, and calcium as well as a reduction in bone density. Additionally, blood, peritoneal, and spleen cellularity were reduced, lowering the number of peritoneal F4/80- and CD86-positive cells and the total number of splenic CD4- and CD8-positive cells. The production of interleukin (IL)-10 and the expression of NF-κB in splenic cells were not affected by DR or by GLN supplementation. However, peritoneal macrophages from DR animals showed reduced IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α production and increased IL-10 production with reduced phosphorylation of NF-κB expression. Additionally, GLN was able to modulate cytokine production by peritoneal cells from the control group, although no effects were observed in cells from the DR group. DR induces biochemical and immunologic changes, in particular by reducing IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages and clearly upregulating IL-10 production, whereas GLN supplementation did not modify these parameters in cells from DR animals. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Costs to Automate Demand Response - Taxonomy and Results from Field Studies and Programs
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Piette, Mary A.; Schetrit, Oren; Kiliccote, Sila
During the past decade, the technology to automate demand response (DR) in buildings and industrial facilities has advanced significantly. Automation allows rapid, repeatable, reliable operation. This study focuses on costs for DR automation in commercial buildings with some discussion on residential buildings and industrial facilities. DR automation technology relies on numerous components, including communication systems, hardware and software gateways, standards-based messaging protocols, controls and integration platforms, and measurement and telemetry systems. This report compares cost data from several DR automation programs and pilot projects, evaluates trends in the cost per unit of DR and kilowatts (kW) available from automated systems,more » and applies a standard naming convention and classification or taxonomy for system elements. Median costs for the 56 installed automated DR systems studied here are about $200/kW. The deviation around this median is large with costs in some cases being an order of magnitude great or less than the median. This wide range is a result of variations in system age, size of load reduction, sophistication, and type of equipment included in cost analysis. The costs to automate fast DR systems for ancillary services are not fully analyzed in this report because additional research is needed to determine the total cost to install, operate, and maintain these systems. However, recent research suggests that they could be developed at costs similar to those of existing hot-summer DR automation systems. This report considers installation and configuration costs and does include the costs of owning and operating DR automation systems. Future analysis of the latter costs should include the costs to the building or facility manager costs as well as utility or third party program manager cost.« less
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Drag reduction in plane Couette flow of dilute polymer solutions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, Nansheng; Teng, Hao; Lu, Xiyun; Khomami, Bamin
2017-11-01
Drag reduction (DR) in the plane Couette flow (PCF) by the addition of flexible polymers has been studied by direct numerical simulation (DNS) in this work. Special interest has been directed to explore the similarity and difference in the DR features between the PCF and the plane Poiseuille flow (PPF), and to clarify the effects of large-scale structures (LSSs) on the near-wall turbulence. It has been demonstrated that in the near-wall region the drag-reduced PCF shares typical DR features similar to those reported for the drag-reduced PPF (White & Mungal 2008; Graham 2014), however in the core region intriguing differences are found between these two DR shear flows of polymeric solution. Specifically, in the core region of the drag-reduced PCF, the polymer chains are stretched substantial and absorb kinetic energy from the turbulent fluctuations. In commensurate, peak values of conformation tensor components Cyy and Czz occur in the core region. This finding is strikingly different from that of the drag-reduced PPF. For the drag-reduced PCF, the LSSs are found to have monotonically increasing effects on the near-wall flow as the Weissenberg number increases, and have their spanwise length scale unchanged. This work is supported by the NSFC Grants 11272306 and 11472268 and the NSF Grant CBET0755269. This research was also supported in part by allocation of advanced computational resources on DARTER by the National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS).
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The influence of differential response on decision-making in child protective service agencies.
Janczewski, Colleen E
2015-01-01
Differential response (DR) profoundly changes the decision pathways of public child welfare systems, yet little is known about how DR shapes the experiences of children whose reports receive an investigation rather than an alternate response. Using data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), this study examined the relationship between DR implementation and decision outcomes in neglect cases, as measured by investigation, substantiation, and removal rates in 297 U.S. counties. Multivariate regression models included county-level measures of child poverty and proportions of African American children. Path analyses were also conducted to identify mediating effects of prior decision points and moderating effects of DR on poverty and race's influence on decision outcomes. Results indicate that compared to non-DR counties, those implementing DR have significantly lower investigation and substantiation rates within county populations but higher substantiation rates among investigated cases. Regression models showed significant reductions in removal rates associated with DR implementation, but these effects became insignificant in path models that accounted for mediation effects of previous decision points. Findings also suggest that DR implementation may reduce the positive association between child poverty rates and investigation rates, but additional studies with larger samples are needed to confirm this moderation effect. Two methods of calculating decision outcomes, population- and decision-based enumeration, were used, and policy and research implications of each are discussed. This study demonstrates that despite their inherit complexity, large administrative datasets such as NCANDS can be used to assess the impact of wide-scale system change across jurisdictions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Three-Dimensional Scale-Model Tank Experiment of the Hudson Canyon Region
2013-09-30
methodology to infer information about seabed properties. This work is performed in collaboration with Dr. David Knobles (ARL:UT). PUBLICATIONS Peer...94, 2334–2342 (1993). [12] J. M. Collis , W. Siegmann, M. Collins, S. H. J., and R. J. Soukup, “Comparison of simulations and data from a seismo
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The GALAH Survey: Second Data Release
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Buder, Sven; Asplund, Martin; Duong, Ly; Kos, Janez; Lind, Karin; Ness, Melissa K.; Sharma, Sanjib; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Casey, Andrew R.; De Silva, Gayandhi M.; D'Orazi, Valentina; Freeman, Ken C.; Lewis, Geraint F.; Lin, Jane; Martell, Sarah L.; Schlesinger, Katharine J.; Simpson, Jeffrey D.; Zucker, Daniel B.; Zwitter, Tomaž; Amarsi, Anish M.; Anguiano, Borja; Carollo, Daniela; Casagrande, Luca; Čotar, Klemen; Cottrell, Peter L.; Da Costa, Gary; Gao, Xudong D.; Hayden, Michael R.; Horner, Jonathan; Ireland, Michael J.; Kafle, Prajwal R.; Munari, Ulisse; Nataf, David M.; Nordlander, Thomas; Stello, Dennis; Ting, Yuan-Sen; Traven, Gregor; Watson, Fred; Wittenmyer, Robert A.; Wyse, Rosemary F. G.; Yong, David; Zinn, Joel C.; Žerjal, Maruša
2018-05-01
The Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey is a large-scale stellar spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way, designed to deliver complementary chemical information to a large number of stars covered by the Gaia mission. We present the GALAH second public data release (GALAH DR2) containing 342,682 stars. For these stars, the GALAH collaboration provides stellar parameters and abundances for up to 23 elements to the community. Here we present the target selection, observation, data reduction and detailed explanation of how the spectra were analysed to estimate stellar parameters and element abundances. For the stellar analysis, we have used a multi-step approach. We use the physics-driven spectrum synthesis of Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME) to derive stellar labels (Teff, log g, [Fe/H], [X/Fe], vmic, vsin i, A_{K_S}) for a representative training set of stars. This information is then propagated to the whole sample with the data-driven method of The Cannon. Special care has been exercised in the spectral synthesis to only consider spectral lines that have reliable atomic input data and are little affected by blending lines. Departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) are considered for several key elements, including Li, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, and Fe, using 1D MARCS stellar atmosphere models. Validation tests including repeat observations, Gaia benchmark stars, open and globular clusters, and K2 asteroseismic targets lend confidence to our methods and results. Combining the GALAH DR2 catalogue with the kinematic information from Gaia will enable a wide range of Galactic Archaeology studies, with unprecedented detail, dimensionality, and scope.
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DeFronzo, Ralph A; Buse, John B; Kim, Terri; Burns, Colleen; Skare, Sharon; Baron, Alain; Fineman, Mark
2016-08-01
Delayed-release metformin (Metformin DR) was developed to maximise gut-based mechanisms of metformin action by targeting the drug to the ileum. Metformin DR was evaluated in two studies. Study 1 compared the bioavailability and effects on circulating glucose and gut hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY) of Metformin DR dosed twice-daily to twice-daily immediate-release metformin (Metformin IR). Study 2 compared the bioavailability and glycaemic effects of Metformin DR dosages of 1,000 mg once-daily in the morning, 1,000 mg once-daily in the evening, and 500 mg twice-daily. Study 1 was a blinded, randomised, crossover study (three × 5 day treatment periods) of twice-daily 500 mg or 1,000 mg Metformin DR vs twice-daily 1,000 mg Metformin IR in 24 participants with type 2 diabetes conducted at two study sites (Celerion Inc.; Tempe, AZ, and Lincoln, NE, USA). Plasma glucose and gut hormones were assessed over 10.25 h at the start and end of each treatment period; plasma metformin was measured over 11 h at the end of each treatment period. Study 2 was a non-blinded, randomised, crossover study (three × 7 day treatment periods) of 1,000 mg Metformin DR once-daily in the morning, 1,000 mg Metformin DR once-daily in the evening, or 500 mg Metformin DR twice-daily in 26 participants with type 2 diabetes performed at a single study site (Celerion, Tempe, AZ). Plasma glucose was assessed over 24 h at the start and end of each treatment period, and plasma metformin was measured over 30 h at the end of each treatment period. Both studies implemented centrally generated computer-based randomisation using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. A total of 24 randomised participants were included in study 1; of these, 19 completed the study and were included in the evaluable population. In the evaluable population, all treatments produced similar significant reductions in fasting glucose (median reduction range, -0.67 to -0.81 mmol/l across treatments) and postprandial glucose (Day 5 to baseline AUC0-t ratio = 0.9 for all three treatments) and increases in gut hormones (Day 5 to baseline AUC0-t ratio range: 1.6-1.9 for GLP-1 and 1.4-1.5 for PYY) despite an almost 60% reduction in systemic metformin exposure for 500 mg Metformin DR compared with Metformin IR. A total of 26 randomised participants were included in study 2: 24 had at least one dose of study medication and at least one post-dose pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment and were included in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic intent-to-treat analysis; and 12 completed all treatment periods and were included in the evaluable population. In the evaluable population, Metformin DR administered once-daily in the morning had 28% (90% CI -16%, -39%) lower bioavailability (least squares mean ratio of metformin AUC0-24) compared with either once-daily in the evening or twice-daily, although the glucose-lowering effects were maintained. In both studies, adverse events were primarily gastrointestinal in nature, and indicated similar or improved tolerability for Metformin DR vs Metformin IR; there were no clinically meaningful differences in vital signs, physical examinations or laboratory values. Dissociation of gut hormone release and glucose lowering from plasma metformin exposure provides strong supportive evidence for a distal small intestine-mediated mechanism of action. Directly targeting the ileum with Metformin DR once-daily in the morning may provide maximal metformin efficacy with lower doses and substantially reduce plasma exposure. Metformin DR may minimise the risk of lactic acidosis in those at increased risk from metformin therapy, such as individuals with renal impairment. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01677299, NCT01804842 FUNDING: : This study was funded by Elcelyx Therapeutics Inc.
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Dimensionality reduction of collective motion by principal manifolds
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gajamannage, Kelum; Butail, Sachit; Porfiri, Maurizio; Bollt, Erik M.
2015-01-01
While the existence of low-dimensional embedding manifolds has been shown in patterns of collective motion, the current battery of nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods is not amenable to the analysis of such manifolds. This is mainly due to the necessary spectral decomposition step, which limits control over the mapping from the original high-dimensional space to the embedding space. Here, we propose an alternative approach that demands a two-dimensional embedding which topologically summarizes the high-dimensional data. In this sense, our approach is closely related to the construction of one-dimensional principal curves that minimize orthogonal error to data points subject to smoothness constraints. Specifically, we construct a two-dimensional principal manifold directly in the high-dimensional space using cubic smoothing splines, and define the embedding coordinates in terms of geodesic distances. Thus, the mapping from the high-dimensional data to the manifold is defined in terms of local coordinates. Through representative examples, we show that compared to existing nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods, the principal manifold retains the original structure even in noisy and sparse datasets. The principal manifold finding algorithm is applied to configurations obtained from a dynamical system of multiple agents simulating a complex maneuver called predator mobbing, and the resulting two-dimensional embedding is compared with that of a well-established nonlinear dimensionality reduction method.
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Motherhood and infant contact regulate neuroplasticity in the serotonergic midbrain dorsal raphe.
Holschbach, M Allie; Lonstein, Joseph S
2017-02-01
The adult brain shows remarkable neuroplasticity in response to hormones and the socioemotional modifications that they influence. In females with reproductive and maternal experience, this neuroplasticity includes the birth and death of cells in several forebrain regions involved in maternal caregiving and postpartum affective state. Such plasticity in midbrain sites critical for these behavioral and emotional processes has never been examined, though. By visualizing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label mitotic cells, NeuroD for neuronal precursors, and TUNEL to identify dying cells, we found that the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus (DR, the source of most ascending serotoninergic projections) exhibited significant neuroplasticity in response to motherhood. Specifically, BrdU analyses revealed that DR newborn cell survival (but not proliferation) was regulated by reproductive state, such that cells born early postpartum were less likely to survive 12 days to reach the late postpartum period compared to cells born during late pregnancy that survived 12 days to reach the early postpartum period. Many of the surviving cells in the DR were NeuN immunoreactive, suggesting a neuronal phenotype. Consistent with these findings, late postpartum rats had fewer NeuroD-immunoreactive DR cells than early postpartum rats. Maternal experience contributed to the late postpartum reduction in DR newborn cell survival because removing the litter at parturition increased cell survival as well as reduced cell death. Unlike cytogenesis in the maternal hippocampus, which is reduced by circulating glucocorticoids, DR newborn cell survival was unaffected by postpartum adrenalectomy. These effects of reproductive state and motherhood on DR plasticity were associated with concurrent changes in DR levels of serotonin's precursor, 5-HTP, and its metabolite, 5-HIAA. Our results demonstrate for the first time that cytogenesis occurs in the midbrain DR of any adult mammal, that DR plasticity is influenced by female reproductive state and maternal experience, and that this plasticity is accompanied by changes in DR serotonergic function. Because serotonin is critical for postpartum caregiving behaviors and maternal affective state, plasticity in the DR may contribute to the neurochemical changes necessary for successful motherhood. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Wing download reduction using vortex trapping plates
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Light, Jeffrey S.; Stremel, Paul M.; Bilanin, Alan J.
1994-01-01
A download reduction technique using spanwise plates on the upper and lower wing surfaces has been examined. Experimental and analytical techniques were used to determine the download reduction obtained using this technique. Simple two-dimensional wind tunnel testing confirmed the validity of the technique for reducing two-dimensional airfoil drag. Computations using a two-dimensional Navier-Stokes analysis provided insight into the mechanism causing the drag reduction. Finally, the download reduction technique was tested using a rotor and wing to determine the benefits for a semispan configuration representative of a tilt rotor aircraft.
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PICARD - A PIpeline for Combining and Analyzing Reduced Data
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gibb, Andrew G.; Jenness, Tim; Economou, Frossie
PICARD is a facility for combining and analyzing reduced data, normally the output from the ORAC-DR data reduction pipeline. This document describes an introduction to using PICARD for processing instrument-independent data.
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Fukunaga-Koontz transform based dimensionality reduction for hyperspectral imagery
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ochilov, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bal, A.
2006-05-01
Fukunaga-Koontz Transform based technique offers some attractive properties for desired class oriented dimensionality reduction in hyperspectral imagery. In FKT, feature selection is performed by transforming into a new space where feature classes have complimentary eigenvectors. Dimensionality reduction technique based on these complimentary eigenvector analysis can be described under two classes, desired class and background clutter, such that each basis function best represent one class while carrying the least amount of information from the second class. By selecting a few eigenvectors which are most relevant to desired class, one can reduce the dimension of hyperspectral cube. Since the FKT based technique reduces data size, it provides significant advantages for near real time detection applications in hyperspectral imagery. Furthermore, the eigenvector selection approach significantly reduces computation burden via the dimensionality reduction processes. The performance of the proposed dimensionality reduction algorithm has been tested using real-world hyperspectral dataset.
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Soto-Pedre, Enrique; Navea, Amparo; Millan, Saray; Hernaez-Ortega, Maria C; Morales, Jesús; Desco, Maria C; Pérez, Pablo
2015-02-01
To assess the safety and workload reduction of an automated 'disease/no disease' grading system for diabetic retinopathy (DR) within a systematic screening programme. Single 45° macular field image per eye was obtained from consecutive patients attending a regional primary care based DR screening programme in Valencia (Spain). The sensitivity and specificity of automated system operating as 'one or more than one microaneurysm detection for disease presence' grader were determined relative to a manual grading as gold standard. Data on age, gender and diabetes mellitus were also recorded. A total of 5278 patients with diabetes were screened. The median age and duration of diabetes was 69 years and 6.9 years, respectively. Estimated prevalence of DR was 15.6%. The software classified 43.9% of the patients as having no DR and 26.1% as having ungradable images. Detection of DR was achieved with 94.5% sensitivity (95% CI 92.6- 96.5) and 68.8% specificity (95%CI 67.2-70.4). The overall accuracy of the automated system was 72.5% (95%CI 71.1-73.9). The present retinal image processing algorithm that can act as prefilter to flag out images with pathological lesions can be implemented in practice. Our results suggest that it could be considered when implementing DR screening programmes. © 2014 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY ASSESSED WITH SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.
Laíns, Inês; Talcott, Katherine E; Santos, Ana R; Marques, João H; Gil, Pedro; Gil, João; Figueira, João; Husain, Deeba; Kim, Ivana K; Miller, Joan W; Silva, Rufino; Miller, John B
2018-01-01
To compare the choroidal thickness (CT) of diabetic eyes (different stages of disease) with controls, using swept-source optical coherence tomography. A multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects using swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging. Choroidal thickness maps, according to the nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields, were obtained using automated software. Mean CT was calculated as the mean value within the ETDRS grid, and central CT as the mean in the central 1 mm. Diabetic eyes were divided into four groups: no diabetic retinopathy (No DR), nonproliferative DR (NPDR), NPDR with diabetic macular edema (NPDR + DME), and proliferative DR (PDR). Multilevel mixed linear models were performed for analyses. The authors included 50 control and 160 diabetic eyes (n = 27 No DR, n = 51 NPDR, n = 61 NPDR + DME, and n = 21 PDR). Mean CT (ß = -42.9, P = 0.022) and central CT (ß = -50.2, P = 0.013) were statistically significantly thinner in PDR eyes compared with controls, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Controlling for age, DR eyes presented a significantly decreased central CT than diabetic eyes without retinopathy (β = -36.2, P = 0.009). Swept-source optical coherence tomography demonstrates a significant reduction of CT in PDR compared with controls. In the foveal region, the choroid appears to be thinner in DR eyes than in diabetic eyes without retinopathy.
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Rezaei, Mehdi; Ghazanfari, Firoozeh; Rezaee, Fatemeh
2016-12-30
The present investigation was designed to examine disconnection and rejection (DR) schemas, negative emotional schemas (NESs) and experimental avoidance (EA) as mediating variables of the relationship between the childhood trauma (CT) and depression. Specifically we examined the mediating role of NESs and EA between DR schemas and depression. The study sample consist of 439 female college students (M age =22.47; SD=6.0), of whom 88 met the criteria for current major depressive disorder (MDD) and 351 who had history of MDD in the last 12 months. Subjects were assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (SQ-SF), the Leahy Emotional Schemas Scale (LESS), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The findings showed that DR schemas were mediator of the relationship CT and depression but CT through the NESs and EA did not predict depression. NESs were mediator of the relationship between DR schemas and depression and EA was mediator of the relationship between DR schemas and depression. In general, results suggest that intervention of depressed women may need to target the changing of DR schemas, NESs and reduction of EA. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Li, Li; Chen, Xiaodan; Shi, Lu; Wang, Chuanjing; Fu, Bing; Qiu, Tianhang; Cui, Suxia
2017-01-01
After a long-term adaptation to desert environment, the perennial aquatic plant Phragmites communis has evolved a desert-dune ecotype. The desert-dune ecotype (DR) of Phragmites communis showed significant differences in water activity and protein distribution compared to its sympatric swamp ecotype (SR). Many proteins that were located in the soluble fraction of SR translocated to the insoluble fraction of DR, suggesting that membrane-associated proteins were greatly reinforced in DR. The unknown phenomenon in plant stress physiology was defined as a proteome translocation response. Quantitative 2D-DIGE technology highlighted these ‘bound’ proteins in DR. Fifty-eight kinds of proteins were identified as candidates of the translocated proteome in Phragmites. The majority were chloroplast proteins. Unexpectedly, Rubisco was the most abundant protein sequestered by DR. Rubisco activase, various chaperons and 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin were major components in the translocation response. Conformational change was assumed to be the main reason for the Rubisco translocation due to no primary sequence difference between DR and SR. The addition of reductant in extraction process partially reversed the translocation response, implying that intracellular redox status plays a role in the translocation response of the proteome. The finding emphasizes the realistic significance of the membrane-association of biomolecule for plant long-term adaptation to complex stress conditions. PMID:28450873
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Visual Analytics for Exploration of a High-Dimensional Structure
2013-04-01
5 Figure 3. Comparison of Euclidean vs. geodesic distance. LDRs use...manifold, whereas an LDR fails. ...........................6 Figure 4. WEKA GUI for data mining HDD using FRFS-ACO...multidimensional scaling (CMDS)— are a linear DR ( LDR ). An LDR is based on a linear combination of the feature data. LDRs keep similar data points close together
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A Fourier dimensionality reduction model for big data interferometric imaging
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vijay Kartik, S.; Carrillo, Rafael E.; Thiran, Jean-Philippe; Wiaux, Yves
2017-06-01
Data dimensionality reduction in radio interferometry can provide savings of computational resources for image reconstruction through reduced memory footprints and lighter computations per iteration, which is important for the scalability of imaging methods to the big data setting of the next-generation telescopes. This article sheds new light on dimensionality reduction from the perspective of the compressed sensing theory and studies its interplay with imaging algorithms designed in the context of convex optimization. We propose a post-gridding linear data embedding to the space spanned by the left singular vectors of the measurement operator, providing a dimensionality reduction below image size. This embedding preserves the null space of the measurement operator and hence its sampling properties are also preserved in light of the compressed sensing theory. We show that this can be approximated by first computing the dirty image and then applying a weighted subsampled discrete Fourier transform to obtain the final reduced data vector. This Fourier dimensionality reduction model ensures a fast implementation of the full measurement operator, essential for any iterative image reconstruction method. The proposed reduction also preserves the independent and identically distributed Gaussian properties of the original measurement noise. For convex optimization-based imaging algorithms, this is key to justify the use of the standard ℓ2-norm as the data fidelity term. Our simulations confirm that this dimensionality reduction approach can be leveraged by convex optimization algorithms with no loss in imaging quality relative to reconstructing the image from the complete visibility data set. Reconstruction results in simulation settings with no direction dependent effects or calibration errors show promising performance of the proposed dimensionality reduction. Further tests on real data are planned as an extension of the current work. matlab code implementing the proposed reduction method is available on GitHub.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Tao, W. -K.; Halverson, J.; Adler, R.; Garstang, M.; Houze, R., Jr.; LeMone, M.; Pielke, R., Sr.; Woodley, W.; O'C.Starr, David (Technical Monitor)
2001-01-01
This AMS Meteorological Monographs is dedicated to Dr. Joanne Simpson for her many pioneering research efforts in tropical meteorology during her fifty-year career. Dr. Simpson's major areas of scientific research involved the "hot tower" hypothesis and its role in hurricanes, structure and maintenance of trade winds, air-sea interaction, and observations and the mechanism for hurricanes and waterspouts. She was also a pioneer in cloud modeling with the first one-dimensional model and had the first cumulus model on a computer. She also played a major role in planning and leading observational experiments on convective cloud systems. The launch of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, a joint U.S.-Japan project, in November of 1997 made it possible for quantitative measurements of tropical rainfall to be obtained on a continuous basis over the entire global tropics. Dr. Simpson was the TRAM Project Scientist from 1986 until its launch in 1997. Her efforts during this crucial period ensured that the mission was both well planned scientifically and well engineered as well as within budget. In this paper, Dr. J. Simpson's nine specific accomplishments during her fifty-year career: (1) hot tower hypothesis, (2) hurricanes, (3) airflow and clouds over heated islands, (4) cloud models, (5) trade winds and their role in cumulus development, (6) air-sea interaction, (7) cloud-cloud interactions and mergers, (8) waterspouts, and (9) TRMM science, will be described and discussed.
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New Research Methods Developed for Studying Diabetic Foot Ulceration
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1998-01-01
Dr. Brian Davis, one of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation's researchers, has been investigating the risk factors related to diabetic foot ulceration, a problem that accounts for 20 percent of all hospital admissions for diabetic patients. He had developed a sensor pad to measure the friction and pressure forces under a person's foot when walking. As part of NASA Lewis Research Center's Space Act Agreement with the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Dr. Davis requested Lewis' assistance in visualizing the data from the sensor pad. As a result, Lewis' Interactive Data Display System (IDDS) was installed at the Cleveland Clinic. This computer graphics program is normally used to visualize the flow of air through aircraft turbine engines, producing color two- and three-dimensional images.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, Tim; Currie, Malcolm J.; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Cavanagh, Brad; Berry, David S.; Leech, Jamie; Rizzi, Luca
2015-10-01
With the advent of modern multidetector heterodyne instruments that can result in observations generating thousands of spectra per minute it is no longer feasible to reduce these data as individual spectra. We describe the automated data reduction procedure used to generate baselined data cubes from heterodyne data obtained at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). The system can automatically detect baseline regions in spectra and automatically determine regridding parameters, all without input from a user. Additionally, it can detect and remove spectra suffering from transient interference effects or anomalous baselines. The pipeline is written as a set of recipes using the ORAC-DR pipeline environment with the algorithmic code using Starlink software packages and infrastructure. The algorithms presented here can be applied to other heterodyne array instruments and have been applied to data from historical JCMT heterodyne instrumentation.
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A Corresponding Lie Algebra of a Reductive homogeneous Group and Its Applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Yu-Feng; Wu, Li-Xin; Rui, Wen-Juan
2015-05-01
With the help of a Lie algebra of a reductive homogeneous space G/K, where G is a Lie group and K is a resulting isotropy group, we introduce a Lax pair for which an expanding (2+1)-dimensional integrable hierarchy is obtained by applying the binormial-residue representation (BRR) method, whose Hamiltonian structure is derived from the trace identity for deducing (2+1)-dimensional integrable hierarchies, which was proposed by Tu, et al. We further consider some reductions of the expanding integrable hierarchy obtained in the paper. The first reduction is just right the (2+1)-dimensional AKNS hierarchy, the second-type reduction reveals an integrable coupling of the (2+1)-dimensional AKNS equation (also called the Davey-Stewartson hierarchy), a kind of (2+1)-dimensional Schrödinger equation, which was once reobtained by Tu, Feng and Zhang. It is interesting that a new (2+1)-dimensional integrable nonlinear coupled equation is generated from the reduction of the part of the (2+1)-dimensional integrable coupling, which is further reduced to the standard (2+1)-dimensional diffusion equation along with a parameter. In addition, the well-known (1+1)-dimensional AKNS hierarchy, the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation are all special cases of the (2+1)-dimensional expanding integrable hierarchy. Finally, we discuss a few discrete difference equations of the diffusion equation whose stabilities are analyzed by making use of the von Neumann condition and the Fourier method. Some numerical solutions of a special stationary initial value problem of the (2+1)-dimensional diffusion equation are obtained and the resulting convergence and estimation formula are investigated. Supported by the Innovation Team of Jiangsu Province hosted by China University of Mining and Technology (2014), the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11371361, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013XK03), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No. ZR2013AL016
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Classification of large-scale fundus image data sets: a cloud-computing framework.
Roychowdhury, Sohini
2016-08-01
Large medical image data sets with high dimensionality require substantial amount of computation time for data creation and data processing. This paper presents a novel generalized method that finds optimal image-based feature sets that reduce computational time complexity while maximizing overall classification accuracy for detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR). First, region-based and pixel-based features are extracted from fundus images for classification of DR lesions and vessel-like structures. Next, feature ranking strategies are used to distinguish the optimal classification feature sets. DR lesion and vessel classification accuracies are computed using the boosted decision tree and decision forest classifiers in the Microsoft Azure Machine Learning Studio platform, respectively. For images from the DIARETDB1 data set, 40 of its highest-ranked features are used to classify four DR lesion types with an average classification accuracy of 90.1% in 792 seconds. Also, for classification of red lesion regions and hemorrhages from microaneurysms, accuracies of 85% and 72% are observed, respectively. For images from STARE data set, 40 high-ranked features can classify minor blood vessels with an accuracy of 83.5% in 326 seconds. Such cloud-based fundus image analysis systems can significantly enhance the borderline classification performances in automated screening systems.
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Evaluation of the Demand Response Performance of Electric Water Heaters
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mayhorn, Ebony T.; Widder, Sarah H.; Parker, Steven A.
2015-03-17
The purpose of this project is to verify or refute many of the concerns raised by utilities regarding the ability of large tank HPWHs to perform DR by measuring the performance of HPWHs compared to ERWHs in providing DR services. perform DR by measuring the performance of HPWHs compared to ERWHs in providing DR services. This project was divided into three phases. Phase 1 consisted of week-long laboratory experiments designed to demonstrate technical feasibility of individual large-tank HPWHs in providing DR services compared to large-tank ERWHs. In Phase 2, the individual behaviors of the water heaters were then extrapolated tomore » a population by first calibrating readily available water heater models developed in GridLAB-D simulation software to experimental results obtained in Phase 1. These models were used to simulate a population of water heaters and generate annual load profiles to assess the impacts on system-level power and residential load curves. Such population modeling allows for the inherent and permanent load reduction accomplished by the more efficient HPWHs to be considered, in addition to the temporal DR services the water heater can provide by switching ON or OFF as needed by utilities. The economic and emissions impacts of using large-tank water heaters in DR programs are then analyzed from the utility and consumer perspective, based on National Impacts Analysis in Phase 3. Phase 1 is discussed in this report. Details on Phases 2 and 3 can be found in the companion report (Cooke et al. 2014).« less
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Shushimita, Shushimita; de Bruijn, Marjolein J. W.; de Bruin, Ron W. F.; IJzermans, Jan N. M.; Hendriks, Rudi W.; Dor, Frank J. M. F.
2014-01-01
Dietary restriction (DR) delays ageing and extends life span. Both long- and short-term DR, as well as short-term fasting provide robust protection against many “neuronal and surgery related damaging phenomena” such as Parkinson’s disease and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The exact mechanism behind this phenomenon has not yet been elucidated. Its anti-inflammatory actions prompted us to thoroughly investigate the consequences of DR and fasting on B and T cell compartments in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of male C57Bl/6 mice. In BM we found that DR and fasting cause a decrease in the total B cell population and arrest early B cell development, while increasing the number of recirculating mature B cells. In the fasting group, a significant reduction in peripheral B cell counts was observed in both spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN). Thymopoiesis was arrested significantly at double negative DN2 stage due to fasting, whereas DR resulted in a partial arrest of thymocyte development at the DN4 stage. Mature CD3+ T cell populations were increased in BM and decreased in both spleen and mLN. Thus, DR arrests B cell development in the BM but increases the number of recirculating mature B cells. DR also arrests maturation of T cells in thymus, resulting in depletion of mature T cells from spleen and mLN while recruiting them to the BM. The functional relevance in relation to protection against organ damage needs to be determined. PMID:24504160
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Reducing Adolescent Obesity through a School Health Program.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Botvin, G. J.; And Others
1979-01-01
A 10-session weight reduction program that included behavior modification, nutrition education, and exercise management was found to be effective in reducing weight. (Author/DLS) Journal Availability: C. V. Mosby Company, 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141
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Starlink Software Developments
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bly, M. J.; Giaretta, D.; Currie, M. J.; Taylor, M.
Some current and upcoming software developments from Starlink were demonstrated. These included invoking traditional Starlink applications via web services, the current version of the ORAC-DR reduction pipeline, and some new Java-based tools including Treeview, an interactive explorer of hierarchical data structures.
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Hsu, Shih-Feng; Su, Wen-Chi; Jeng, King-Song
2015-01-01
ABSTRACT Influenza A virus (IAV) depends on cellular factors to complete its replication cycle; thus, investigation of the factors utilized by IAV may facilitate antiviral drug development. To this end, a cellular transcriptional repressor, DR1, was identified from a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen. Knockdown (KD) of DR1 resulted in reductions of viral RNA and protein production, demonstrating that DR1 acts as a positive host factor in IAV replication. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis showed that there was a strong induction of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression after prolonged DR1 KD. We found that beta interferon (IFN-β) was induced by DR1 KD, thereby activating the JAK-STAT pathway to turn on ISG expression, which led to a strong inhibition of IAV replication. This result suggests that DR1 in normal cells suppresses IFN induction, probably to prevent undesired cytokine production, but that this suppression may create a milieu that favors IAV replication once cells are infected. Furthermore, biochemical assays of viral RNA replication showed that DR1 KD suppressed viral RNA replication. We also showed that DR1 associated with all three subunits of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex, indicating that DR1 may interact with individual components of the viral RdRp complex to enhance viral RNA replication. Thus, DR1 may be considered a novel host susceptibility gene for IAV replication via a dual mechanism, not only suppressing the host defense to indirectly favor IAV replication but also directly facilitating viral RNA replication. IMPORTANCE Investigations of virus-host interactions involved in influenza A virus (IAV) replication are important for understanding viral pathogenesis and host defenses, which may manipulate influenza virus infection or prevent the emergence of drug resistance caused by a high error rate during viral RNA replication. For this purpose, a cellular transcriptional repressor, DR1, was identified from a genome-wide RNAi screen as a positive regulator in IAV replication. In the current studies, we showed that DR1 suppressed the gene expression of a large set of host innate immunity genes, which indirectly facilitated IAV replication in the event of IAV infection. Besides this scenario, DR1 also directly enhanced the viral RdRp activity, likely through associating with individual components of the viral RdRp complex. Thus, DR1 represents a novel host susceptibility gene for IAV replication via multiple functions, not only suppressing the host defense but also enhancing viral RNA replication. DR1 may be a potential target for drug development against influenza virus infection. PMID:25589657
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Soares, Edson J.; Sandoval, Gustavo A. B.; Silveira, Lucas; Pereira, Anselmo S.; Trevelin, Renata; Thomaz, Fabricio
2015-12-01
This paper studies the loss of efficiency of polymeric drag reducers induced by high Reynolds number flows in tubes. The overall pressure was fixed and the apparatus was built so as to minimize the polymer degradation. We used three kinds of polymers: two flexible and one rigid. We conducted our tests to take into account the drag reduction (DR) for a wide range of concentrations of each polymer. The main results are displayed for the DR as a function of the number of passes through the apparatus. The mechanism of the loss of efficiency for the Xanthan Gum (XG) solutions (the rigid one) seems to be completely different from that observed for Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and Polyacrylamide (PAM) (the flexible materials). While the PEO and PAM mechanically degrade by the action of the turbulent flow, the XG seems to remain intact, even after many passes through the pipe flow apparatus. From the practical point of view, it is worth noting that the PAM solutions are clearly more efficient than the PEO and XG. Another practical point that deserves attention is concerned with the asymptotic drag reduction found for XG. Although its maximum DR was significantly smaller than that found for PEO, the final value for both polymers were quite the same, which is obviously related to the intensified mechanical molecule scission in the PEO solutions. Our results for the relative drag reduction (the current value of DR divided by its maximum obtained at the first pass) was quite well fitted by the decay function proposed in our previous paper [A. S. Pereira and E. J. Soares, "Polymer degradation of dilute solutions in turbulent drag reducing flows in a cylindrical double gap rheometer device," J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 179, 9-22 (2012)], in which a rotating apparatus was used. This strongly suggests that the physical mechanism that governs the degradation phenomenon is independent of the geometry. We also used a degradation model for PEO proposed by Vonlanthen and Monkewitz ["Grid turbulence in dilute polymer solution: Peo in water," J. Fluid Mech. 730, 76-98 (2013)] to fit our data of relative drag reduction for PEO and PAM.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Jin, Xin; Baker, Kyri A.; Christensen, Dane T.
This paper presents a user-preference-driven home energy management system (HEMS) for demand response (DR) with residential building loads and battery storage. The HEMS is based on a multi-objective model predictive control algorithm, where the objectives include energy cost, thermal comfort, and carbon emission. A multi-criterion decision making method originating from social science is used to quickly determine user preferences based on a brief survey and derive the weights of different objectives used in the optimization process. Besides the residential appliances used in the traditional DR programs, a home battery system is integrated into the HEMS to improve the flexibility andmore » reliability of the DR resources. Simulation studies have been performed on field data from a residential building stock data set. Appliance models and usage patterns were learned from the data to predict the DR resource availability. Results indicate the HEMS was able to provide a significant amount of load reduction with less than 20% prediction error in both heating and cooling cases.« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Jin, Xin; Baker, Kyri A; Isley, Steven C
This paper presents a user-preference-driven home energy management system (HEMS) for demand response (DR) with residential building loads and battery storage. The HEMS is based on a multi-objective model predictive control algorithm, where the objectives include energy cost, thermal comfort, and carbon emission. A multi-criterion decision making method originating from social science is used to quickly determine user preferences based on a brief survey and derive the weights of different objectives used in the optimization process. Besides the residential appliances used in the traditional DR programs, a home battery system is integrated into the HEMS to improve the flexibility andmore » reliability of the DR resources. Simulation studies have been performed on field data from a residential building stock data set. Appliance models and usage patterns were learned from the data to predict the DR resource availability. Results indicate the HEMS was able to provide a significant amount of load reduction with less than 20% prediction error in both heating and cooling cases.« less
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Astrometry and dynamics of Solar System Objects with Gaia GDR observations and catalogues
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hestroffer, Daniel J. G. J.; Tanga, Paolo
2017-06-01
The Gaia ESA space mission has started to provide its harvest with the first Gaia data release DR1, published in September 2016. Gaia DR1 provides positions for about 1 billion stars and proper motion for the Tycho-Gaia TGAS of 2 million stars with unprecedented accuracy. The second data release DR2 will be the major step in the Gaia mission, providing all astrometric parameters (including parallax and proper motion) for a billion stars, in an absolute reference frame - to become the optical ICRF. Gaia DR2 will also provide epoch astrometry for about 13000 asteroids from its direct observations, down to magnitude V≈20.7. We will discuss the improvement brought by Gaia over 5 years of nominal mission, starting with DR1, and focusing especially on the dynamics of asteroids and other Solar System Objects. This includes use of the catalogue for calibrating future and past photometric and astrometric observations (in particular new reduction of ancient photographic plates digitalised by the NAROO programme), new perspectives for orbit determination and stellar occultations, detection of small acceleration or perturbations for the asteroids. Also we illustrate the ground-based activity coordinated by the Gaia-FUN-SSO network for follow-up observations of newly discovered Near Earth Object.
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The UIST image slicing integral field unit
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ramsay Howat, S.; Todd, S.; Wells, M.; Hastings, P.
2006-06-01
The UKIRT Imager Spectrometer (UIST) contains a deployable integral field unit which is one of the most popular modes of this common-user instrument. In this paper, we review all aspects of the UIST IFU from the design and production of the aluminium mirrors to the integration with the telescope system during commissioning. Reduction of the integral field data is fully supported by the UKIRT data reduction pipeline, ORAC-DR.
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Feature Extraction of High-Dimensional Structures for Exploratory Analytics
2013-04-01
Comparison of Euclidean vs. geodesic distance. LDRs use metric based on the Euclidean distance between two points, while the NLDRs are based on...geodesic distance. An NLDR successfully unrolls the curved manifold, whereas an LDR fails. ...........................3 1 1. Introduction An...and classical metric multidimensional scaling, are a linear DR ( LDR ). An LDR is based on a linear combination of
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
This paper presents a depth-averaged two-dimensional shallow water model for simulating long waves in vegetated water bodies under breaking and non-breaking conditions. The effects of rigid vegetation are modelled in the form of drag and inertia forces as sink terms in the momentum equations. The dr...
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Should DSM-V include dimensional diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders?
Helzer, John E; Bucholz, Kathleen K; Bierut, Laura Jean; Regier, Darrel A; Schuckit, Marc A; Guth, Sarah E
2006-02-01
This program calls attention to the upcoming timetable for the revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV and the publication of DSM-V. It is vitally important for Research Society of Alcoholism members to be aware of the current discussions of the important scientific questions related to the next DSM revision and to use the opportunity for input. The title of the symposium highlights 1 key question, i.e., whether the DSM definitions should remain strictly categorical as in the past or whether a dimensional component should be included in this revision. Two substantive and 1 conceptual paper are included in this portion of the symposium. The fourth and final presentation detailing the revision timetable and the opportunities for input is by Dr. Darrel Regier. Dr. Regier is the director of American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education the research and education branch of the American Psychiatric Association and the organization within the APA that will oversee the DSM revision. The discussion is by Marc Schuckit, who was chair of the Substance Use disorders (SUD) Committee for DSM-IV and cochair of the international group of experts reviewing the SUD definitions for DSM-V.
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Gönen, Mehmet
2014-01-01
Coupled training of dimensionality reduction and classification is proposed previously to improve the prediction performance for single-label problems. Following this line of research, in this paper, we first introduce a novel Bayesian method that combines linear dimensionality reduction with linear binary classification for supervised multilabel learning and present a deterministic variational approximation algorithm to learn the proposed probabilistic model. We then extend the proposed method to find intrinsic dimensionality of the projected subspace using automatic relevance determination and to handle semi-supervised learning using a low-density assumption. We perform supervised learning experiments on four benchmark multilabel learning data sets by comparing our method with baseline linear dimensionality reduction algorithms. These experiments show that the proposed approach achieves good performance values in terms of hamming loss, average AUC, macro F1, and micro F1 on held-out test data. The low-dimensional embeddings obtained by our method are also very useful for exploratory data analysis. We also show the effectiveness of our approach in finding intrinsic subspace dimensionality and semi-supervised learning tasks. PMID:24532862
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Gönen, Mehmet
2014-03-01
Coupled training of dimensionality reduction and classification is proposed previously to improve the prediction performance for single-label problems. Following this line of research, in this paper, we first introduce a novel Bayesian method that combines linear dimensionality reduction with linear binary classification for supervised multilabel learning and present a deterministic variational approximation algorithm to learn the proposed probabilistic model. We then extend the proposed method to find intrinsic dimensionality of the projected subspace using automatic relevance determination and to handle semi-supervised learning using a low-density assumption. We perform supervised learning experiments on four benchmark multilabel learning data sets by comparing our method with baseline linear dimensionality reduction algorithms. These experiments show that the proposed approach achieves good performance values in terms of hamming loss, average AUC, macro F 1 , and micro F 1 on held-out test data. The low-dimensional embeddings obtained by our method are also very useful for exploratory data analysis. We also show the effectiveness of our approach in finding intrinsic subspace dimensionality and semi-supervised learning tasks.
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Metric dimensional reduction at singularities with implications to Quantum Gravity
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Stoica, Ovidiu Cristinel, E-mail: holotronix@gmail.com
2014-08-15
A series of old and recent theoretical observations suggests that the quantization of gravity would be feasible, and some problems of Quantum Field Theory would go away if, somehow, the spacetime would undergo a dimensional reduction at high energy scales. But an identification of the deep mechanism causing this dimensional reduction would still be desirable. The main contribution of this article is to show that dimensional reduction effects are due to General Relativity at singularities, and do not need to be postulated ad-hoc. Recent advances in understanding the geometry of singularities do not require modification of General Relativity, being justmore » non-singular extensions of its mathematics to the limit cases. They turn out to work fine for some known types of cosmological singularities (black holes and FLRW Big-Bang), allowing a choice of the fundamental geometric invariants and physical quantities which remain regular. The resulting equations are equivalent to the standard ones outside the singularities. One consequence of this mathematical approach to the singularities in General Relativity is a special, (geo)metric type of dimensional reduction: at singularities, the metric tensor becomes degenerate in certain spacetime directions, and some properties of the fields become independent of those directions. Effectively, it is like one or more dimensions of spacetime just vanish at singularities. This suggests that it is worth exploring the possibility that the geometry of singularities leads naturally to the spontaneous dimensional reduction needed by Quantum Gravity. - Highlights: • The singularities we introduce are described by finite geometric/physical objects. • Our singularities are accompanied by dimensional reduction effects. • They affect the metric, the measure, the topology, the gravitational DOF (Weyl = 0). • Effects proposed in other approaches to Quantum Gravity are obtained naturally. • The geometric dimensional reduction obtained opens new ways for Quantum Gravity.« less
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A sparse grid based method for generative dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional data
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bohn, Bastian; Garcke, Jochen; Griebel, Michael
2016-03-01
Generative dimensionality reduction methods play an important role in machine learning applications because they construct an explicit mapping from a low-dimensional space to the high-dimensional data space. We discuss a general framework to describe generative dimensionality reduction methods, where the main focus lies on a regularized principal manifold learning variant. Since most generative dimensionality reduction algorithms exploit the representer theorem for reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, their computational costs grow at least quadratically in the number n of data. Instead, we introduce a grid-based discretization approach which automatically scales just linearly in n. To circumvent the curse of dimensionality of full tensor product grids, we use the concept of sparse grids. Furthermore, in real-world applications, some embedding directions are usually more important than others and it is reasonable to refine the underlying discretization space only in these directions. To this end, we employ a dimension-adaptive algorithm which is based on the ANOVA (analysis of variance) decomposition of a function. In particular, the reconstruction error is used to measure the quality of an embedding. As an application, the study of large simulation data from an engineering application in the automotive industry (car crash simulation) is performed.
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Transport Measurements on NEODYMIUM(1.85) CERIUM(.15) Copper OXYGEN(4-DELTA) Thin Films
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kussmaul, Andreas
1992-01-01
This work describes the synthesis and the study of the transport properties of thin films of Nd _{1.85}Ce_{.15 }CuO_{4-delta} carried out respectively at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center in collaboration with Dr. A. Gupta, and at the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory under the direction of Dr. P. M. Tedrow. The thin films were prepared by laser ablation of a stoichiometric target on heated substrates in a reactive ambient. The influence of the deposition parameters was studied, and the use of a nitreous oxide ambient was found to yield a clear improvement of the sample quality. The transport properties of the films were measured at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields. Non superconducting samples showed a strong, highly anisotropic, negative magnetoresistance that is consistent with two dimensional weak-localization. Superconducting samples show two dimensional fluctuation effects above T_{c}. The theory of fluctuations in a magnetic field was used to extract the position of H_{c2} (in the perpendicular direction) in the broad and almost featureless resistive transition, and the extracted values were fit to the theory of dirty superconductors. The angular dependence of the resistive transition was studied close to T _{c} and found to be somewhat better described by a two-dimensional model. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.).
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A wonderful laboratory and a great researcher
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sheikh, N. M.
2004-05-01
It was great to be associated with Prof. Dr. Karl Rawer. He devoted his life to make use of the wonderful laboratory of Nature, the Ionosphere. Through acquisition of the experimental data from AEROS satellites and embedding it with data from ground stations, it was possible to achieve a better empirical model, the International Reference Ionosphere. Prof. Dr. Karl Rawer has been as dynamic as the Ionosphere. His vision about the ionospheric data is exceptional and has helped the scientific and engineering community to make use of his vision in advancing the dimensions of empirical modelling. As a human being, Prof. Dr. Karl Rawer has all the traits of an angel from Heaven. In short he developed a large team of researchers forming a blooming tree from the parent node. Ionosphere still plays an important role in over the horizon HF Radar and GPs satellite data reduction.
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John E. Echternacht: practitioner and community leader.
Rule, J T; Bebeau, M J
2000-10-01
For Minnesota dentists with long memories, Dr Jack Echternacht is a legendary figure. He graduated from the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry in 1943. Except for a 3-year enlistment in the Navy during World War II, he has made his home and his professional life in Brainerd, on the edge of Minnesota's lake country. A few years after he started his general practice, reports began to appear about the striking reduction of dental caries in children's teeth when fluoride was placed in the drinking water. Excited by these prospects for better oral health, Dr Echternacht led a Chamber of Commerce initiative in 1954 to introduce fluoride into Brainerd's water supply. What seemed at first an easy victory turned into a 30-year struggle. Dr Echternacht's determination, persistence, and leadership during this fight for fluoridation led to his selection as a moral model in dentistry.
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Development of an expert data reduction assistant
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Miller, Glenn E.; Johnston, Mark D.; Hanisch, Robert J.
1992-01-01
We propose the development of an expert system tool for the management and reduction of complex data sets. The proposed work is an extension of a successful prototype system for the calibration of CCD images developed by Dr. Johnston in 1987. The reduction of complex multi-parameter data sets presents severe challenges to a scientist. Not only must a particular data analysis system be mastered, (e.g. IRAF/SDAS/MIDAS), large amounts of data can require many days of tedious work and supervision by the scientist for even the most straightforward reductions. The proposed Expert Data Reduction Assistant will help the scientist overcome these obstacles by developing a reduction plan based on the data at hand and producing a script for the reduction of the data in a target common language.
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Turbulent channel flow under moderate polymer drag reduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Elsnab, John; Monty, Jason; White, Christopher; Koochesfahani, Manoochehr; Klewicki, Joseph
2017-11-01
Streamwise velocity profiles and their wall-normal derivatives are used to investigate the properties of turbulent channel flow under the moderate polymer drag reduction (DR) conditions of 6-27%. Velocity data were obtained over a friction Reynolds number (Re) from 650-1800 using the single velocity component version of molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV). This adaptation of the MTV technique captures instantaneous profiles at high spatial resolution (>800 data points per profile), thus generating well-resolved derivative information. The mean velocity profiles indicate that the extent of the logarithmic region diminishes with increasing polymer concentration, while the logarithmic profile slope increases for drag reductions greater than about 20%. The measurements allow reconstruction of the mean momentum balance for channel flow that provides additional insights regarding the physics described by previous numerical simulation analyses that examined the mean dynamical structure of polymer laden channel flow at low Re. The present findings indicate that the polymer modifies the onset of the inertial domain, and that the extent of this domain shrinks with increasing DR. Once on the inertial domain, self-similar behaviors occur, but modified (sometimes subtly) by the modified distribution of characteristic y-scaling behavior of the Reynolds stress motions.
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Visual Form Detection in 3-Dimensional Space.
1982-10-01
RR04209 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 RR0429002; NR 197-070 - II CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE Engineering Psychology Group ( Code...93940 Pasadena, CA 91106 Dean of Research Administration Office of Naval Research Naval Postgraduate School Scientific Liaison Group Monterey, CA...Eisenhower Avenue Dr. Gloria Chisum Alexandria, VA 22333 Sciences Research Group Code 6003 Naval Air Development Center Warminste.’, PA 18974 -4- Department
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Scaling Properties of Dimensionality Reduction for Neural Populations and Network Models
Cowley, Benjamin R.; Doiron, Brent; Kohn, Adam
2016-01-01
Recent studies have applied dimensionality reduction methods to understand how the multi-dimensional structure of neural population activity gives rise to brain function. It is unclear, however, how the results obtained from dimensionality reduction generalize to recordings with larger numbers of neurons and trials or how these results relate to the underlying network structure. We address these questions by applying factor analysis to recordings in the visual cortex of non-human primates and to spiking network models that self-generate irregular activity through a balance of excitation and inhibition. We compared the scaling trends of two key outputs of dimensionality reduction—shared dimensionality and percent shared variance—with neuron and trial count. We found that the scaling properties of networks with non-clustered and clustered connectivity differed, and that the in vivo recordings were more consistent with the clustered network. Furthermore, recordings from tens of neurons were sufficient to identify the dominant modes of shared variability that generalize to larger portions of the network. These findings can help guide the interpretation of dimensionality reduction outputs in regimes of limited neuron and trial sampling and help relate these outputs to the underlying network structure. PMID:27926936
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An interview with Hyeon-Shik Hwang
Thiesen, Guilherme; de Araújo, Telma Martins; Freitas, Maria Perpétua Mota; da Motta, Alexandre Trindade Simões
2016-01-01
It gives me great pleasure to interview Dr. Hyeon-Shik Hwang, an innovative orthodontist who has developed many creative techniques over his career. Dr. Hwang was born in Korea and received his DDS and PhD degrees from Yonsei University in Seoul. He is professor and chairman of the Department of Orthodontics at Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea. Dr. Hwang, as a faculty at the university hospital, has maintained a successful clinical practice for more than 25 years. He has treated many adult patients focusing on esthetics and periodontal health and has developed many clinical techniques to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment to the benefit of both the patient and practitioner. Dr. Hwang is also interested in the evaluation of facial asymmetry two- and three-dimensionally. As one of the early adopters of cone-beam volume imaging, he has given special emphasis on the management of surgical cases. He is married to Jung-Un Park with whom he has two sons. His favorite hobbies are photography and listening to music. When I was presented to him in a congress, it was a great pleasure meeting someone who I already admired for his singular work. Later on, his humbleness and knowledge made me marvel at him even more. I hope that all readers of Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics also enjoy the teachings from this brilliant Korean orthodontist! Guilherme Thiesen - interview coordinator PMID:27007758
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An interview with Hyeon-Shik Hwang.
Hwang, Hyeon-Shik; Thiesen, Guilherme; Araújo, Telma Martins de; Freitas, Maria Perpétua Mota; Motta, Alexandre Trindade Simões da
2016-01-01
It gives me great pleasure to interview Dr. Hyeon-Shik Hwang, an innovative orthodontist who has developed many creative techniques over his career. Dr. Hwang was born in Korea and received his DDS and PhD degrees from Yonsei University in Seoul. He is professor and chairman of the Department of Orthodontics at Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea. Dr. Hwang, as a faculty at the university hospital, has maintained a successful clinical practice for more than 25 years. He has treated many adult patients focusing on esthetics and periodontal health and has developed many clinical techniques to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment to the benefit of both the patient and practitioner. Dr. Hwang is also interested in the evaluation of facial asymmetry two- and three-dimensionally. As one of the early adopters of cone-beam volume imaging, he has given special emphasis on the management of surgical cases. He is married to Jung-Un Park with whom he has two sons. His favorite hobbies are photography and listening to music. When I was presented to him in a congress, it was a great pleasure meeting someone who I already admired for his singular work. Later on, his humbleness and knowledge made me marvel at him even more. I hope that all readers of Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics also enjoy the teachings from this brilliant Korean orthodontist! Guilherme Thiesen - interview coordinator.
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Wang, Li; Chen, Ka; Liu, Kai; Zhou, Yong; Zhang, Ting; Wang, Bin; Mi, Mantian
2015-04-01
Recent studies revealed that dietary intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevented diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the underlying mechanism was not fully understood. Retinal microglia are a specialized population of macrophages in retina. Considerable evidence has shown that microglia activation may trigger neuronal death and vascular dysfunction in DR. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DHA on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced microglia activation using an in vitro microglia culture system, and concurrently to explore the mediating mechanisms. DHA inhibited AGEs-induced microglia activation and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) secretion. These effects of DHA were directly linked with suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) activity, as evident by the reduction of p-IκBα expression, p-NFκB p65 nucleus translocation, NFκB DNA binding activity, and the regulation of gene transcription (TNFα, IL-1β, ICAM-1, and RAGE mRNA). Furthermore, DHA significantly increased phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), and combined with PPARγ stealth RNAi oligonucleotide, we confirmed that DHA inhibition of AGEs-induced microglia activation was partially through the PPARγ/NFκB pathway. Moreover, although AGEs incubation dramatically elevated expression of the cell surface receptor for AGEs (RAGE), DHA significantly inhibited RAGE and Src recruitment into lipid rafts. The AGEs-RAGE axis downstream signal transducers increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 and JNK) phosphorylation. Taken together, DHA might inhibit AGEs-induced microglia activation via suppression of the PPARγ/NFκB pathway, and reduction of RAGE and AGEs/RAGE transducer recruitment into lipid rafts. These results provide a novel potential mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of DHA in DR prevention.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ray, S. Saha
2018-04-01
In this paper, the symmetry analysis and similarity reduction of the (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlensky-Konopelchenko (B-K) equation are investigated by means of the geometric approach of an invariance group, which is equivalent to the classical Lie symmetry method. Using the extended Harrison and Estabrook’s differential forms approach, the infinitesimal generators for (2+1)-dimensional B-K equation are obtained. Firstly, the vector field associated with the Lie group of transformation is derived. Then the symmetry reduction and the corresponding explicit exact solution of (2+1)-dimensional B-K equation is obtained.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Akhavan, Rayhaneh; Rastegari, Amirreza
2017-11-01
It is shown that the magnitude of Drag Reduction (DR) with Super-Hydrophobic (SH), liquid-infused, or riblet surfaces can be parameterized in terms of the shift, ΔB , in the intercept of a log-law representation of the mean velocity profile and the friction coefficient of the base flow. Available DNS data shows ΔB to be Reynolds number independent and only a function of the geometrical parameters of the surface micro-texture in viscous wall units. This allows the DR results from DNS to be extrapolated to higher Reynolds numbers. It is shown that for a given geometry and size of the wall micro-texture in viscous wall units, the magnitude of DR degrades by factors of 2 - 3 as the friction Reynolds number of the base flow increases from Reτ0 200 of DNS to Reτ0 105 -106 of practical applications. Extrapolation of DNS results in turbulent channel flow at Reτ0 222 and 442 with SH longitudinal microgrooves of width 15 <=g+0 <= 60 and shear-free-fractions of 0.875 - 0.985 shows that the maximum DRs which can be sustained with SH longitudinal micro-grooves of size g+0 <= 20 - 30 in practical applications is limited to DRs of 25 - 35 % at Reτ0 105 and 20 - 25 % at Reτ0 106 .
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Jean, Alexandra; Laurent, Laetitia; Delaunay, Sabira; Doly, Stéphane; Dusticier, Nicole; Linden, David; Neve, Rachael; Maroteaux, Luc; Nieoullon, André; Compan, Valérie
2017-10-24
Transient reduced food intake (hypophagia) following high stress could have beneficial effects on longevity, but paradoxically, hypophagia can persist and become anorexia-like behavior. The neural underpinnings of stress-induced hypophagia and the mechanisms by which the brain prevents the transition from transient to persistent hypophagia remain undetermined. In this study, we report the involvement of a network governing goal-directed behavior (decision). This network consists of the ascending serotonergic inputs from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Specifically, adult restoration of serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT 4 R) expression in the mPFC rescues hypophagia and specific molecular changes related to depression resistance in the DR (5-HT release elevation, 5-HT 1A receptor, and 5-HT transporter reductions) of stressed 5-HT 4 R knockout mice. The adult mPFC-5-HT 4 R knockdown mimics the null phenotypes. When mPFC-5-HT 4 Rs are overexpressed and DR-5-HT1ARs are blocked in the DR, hypophagia following stress persists, suggesting an antidepressant action of early anorexia. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Regularized Embedded Multiple Kernel Dimensionality Reduction for Mine Signal Processing.
Li, Shuang; Liu, Bing; Zhang, Chen
2016-01-01
Traditional multiple kernel dimensionality reduction models are generally based on graph embedding and manifold assumption. But such assumption might be invalid for some high-dimensional or sparse data due to the curse of dimensionality, which has a negative influence on the performance of multiple kernel learning. In addition, some models might be ill-posed if the rank of matrices in their objective functions was not high enough. To address these issues, we extend the traditional graph embedding framework and propose a novel regularized embedded multiple kernel dimensionality reduction method. Different from the conventional convex relaxation technique, the proposed algorithm directly takes advantage of a binary search and an alternative optimization scheme to obtain optimal solutions efficiently. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for supervised, unsupervised, and semisupervised scenarios.
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Krivov, Sergei V
2011-07-01
Dimensionality reduction is ubiquitous in the analysis of complex dynamics. The conventional dimensionality reduction techniques, however, focus on reproducing the underlying configuration space, rather than the dynamics itself. The constructed low-dimensional space does not provide a complete and accurate description of the dynamics. Here I describe how to perform dimensionality reduction while preserving the essential properties of the dynamics. The approach is illustrated by analyzing the chess game--the archetype of complex dynamics. A variable that provides complete and accurate description of chess dynamics is constructed. The winning probability is predicted by describing the game as a random walk on the free-energy landscape associated with the variable. The approach suggests a possible way of obtaining a simple yet accurate description of many important complex phenomena. The analysis of the chess game shows that the approach can quantitatively describe the dynamics of processes where human decision-making plays a central role, e.g., financial and social dynamics.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Krivov, Sergei V.
2011-07-01
Dimensionality reduction is ubiquitous in the analysis of complex dynamics. The conventional dimensionality reduction techniques, however, focus on reproducing the underlying configuration space, rather than the dynamics itself. The constructed low-dimensional space does not provide a complete and accurate description of the dynamics. Here I describe how to perform dimensionality reduction while preserving the essential properties of the dynamics. The approach is illustrated by analyzing the chess game—the archetype of complex dynamics. A variable that provides complete and accurate description of chess dynamics is constructed. The winning probability is predicted by describing the game as a random walk on the free-energy landscape associated with the variable. The approach suggests a possible way of obtaining a simple yet accurate description of many important complex phenomena. The analysis of the chess game shows that the approach can quantitatively describe the dynamics of processes where human decision-making plays a central role, e.g., financial and social dynamics.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Luo, Yuan; Tan, Meng-Chwan; Vasko, Petr; Zhao, Qin
2017-05-01
We perform a series of dimensional reductions of the 6d, \\mathcal{N} = (2, 0) SCFT on S 2 × Σ × I × S 1 down to 2d on Σ. The reductions are performed in three steps: (i) a reduction on S 1 (accompanied by a topological twist along Σ) leading to a supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on S 2 × Σ × I, (ii) a further reduction on S 2 resulting in a complex Chern-Simons theory defined on Σ × I, with the real part of the complex Chern-Simons level being zero, and the imaginary part being proportional to the ratio of the radii of S 2 and S 1, and (iii) a final reduction to the boundary modes of complex Chern-Simons theory with the Nahm pole boundary condition at both ends of the interval I, which gives rise to a complex Toda CFT on the Riemann surface Σ. As the reduction of the 6d theory on Σ would give rise to an \\mathcal{N} = 2 supersymmetric theory on S 2 × I × S 1, our results imply a 4d-2d duality between four-dimensional \\mathcal{N} = 2 supersymmetric theory with boundary and two-dimensional complex Toda theory.
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Decision regret in men undergoing dose-escalated radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
Steer, Anna N; Aherne, Noel J; Gorzynska, Karen; Hoffman, Matthew; Last, Andrew; Hill, Jacques; Shakespeare, Thomas P
2013-07-15
Decision regret (DR) is a negative emotion associated with medical treatment decisions, and it is an important patient-centered outcome after therapy for localized prostate cancer. DR has been found to occur in up to 53% of patients treated for localized prostate cancer, and it may vary depending on treatment modality. DR after modern dose-escalated radiation therapy (DE-RT) has not been investigated previously, to our knowledge. Our primary aim was to evaluate DR in a cohort of patients treated with DE-RT. We surveyed 257 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer who had previously received DE-RT, by means of a validated questionnaire. There were 220 responses (85.6% response rate). Image-guided intensity modulated radiation therapy was given in 85.0% of patients and 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in 15.0%. Doses received included 73.8 Gy (34.5% patients), 74 Gy (53.6%), and 76 Gy (10.9%). Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (AD) was given in 51.8% of patients and both neoadjuvant and adjuvant AD in 34.5%. The median follow-up time was 23 months (range, 12-67 months). In all, 3.8% of patients expressed DR for their choice of treatment. When asked whether they would choose DE-RT or AD again, only 0.5% probably or definitely would not choose DE-RT again, compared with 8.4% for AD (P<.01). Few patients treated with modern DE-RT express DR, with regret appearing to be lower than in previously published reports of patients treated with radical prostatectomy or older radiation therapy techniques. Patients experienced more regret with the AD component of treatment than with the radiation therapy component, with implications for informed consent. Further research should investigate regret associated with individual components of modern therapy, including AD, radiation therapy and surgery. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Decision Regret in Men Undergoing Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Steer, Anna N.; Aherne, Noel J., E-mail: noel.aherne@ncahs.health.nsw.gov.au; Rural Clinical School Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Coffs Harbour
2013-07-15
Purpose: Decision regret (DR) is a negative emotion associated with medical treatment decisions, and it is an important patient-centered outcome after therapy for localized prostate cancer. DR has been found to occur in up to 53% of patients treated for localized prostate cancer, and it may vary depending on treatment modality. DR after modern dose-escalated radiation therapy (DE-RT) has not been investigated previously, to our knowledge. Our primary aim was to evaluate DR in a cohort of patients treated with DE-RT. Methods and Materials: We surveyed 257 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer who had previously received DE-RT, by meansmore » of a validated questionnaire. Results: There were 220 responses (85.6% response rate). Image-guided intensity modulated radiation therapy was given in 85.0% of patients and 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in 15.0%. Doses received included 73.8 Gy (34.5% patients), 74 Gy (53.6%), and 76 Gy (10.9%). Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (AD) was given in 51.8% of patients and both neoadjuvant and adjuvant AD in 34.5%. The median follow-up time was 23 months (range, 12-67 months). In all, 3.8% of patients expressed DR for their choice of treatment. When asked whether they would choose DE-RT or AD again, only 0.5% probably or definitely would not choose DE-RT again, compared with 8.4% for AD (P<.01). Conclusion: Few patients treated with modern DE-RT express DR, with regret appearing to be lower than in previously published reports of patients treated with radical prostatectomy or older radiation therapy techniques. Patients experienced more regret with the AD component of treatment than with the radiation therapy component, with implications for informed consent. Further research should investigate regret associated with individual components of modern therapy, including AD, radiation therapy and surgery.« less
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Sassowsky, Manfred; Gut, Philipp; Hölscher, Tobias; Hildebrandt, Guido; Müller, Arndt-Christian; Najafi, Yousef; Kohler, Götz; Kranzbühler, Helmut; Guckenberger, Matthias; Zwahlen, Daniel R; Azinwi, Ngwa C; Plasswilm, Ludwig; Takacs, Istvan; Reuter, Christiane; Sumila, Marcin; Manser, Peter; Ost, Piet; Böhmer, Dirk; Pilop, Christiane; Aebersold, Daniel M; Ghadjar, Pirus
2013-11-01
Different international target volume delineation guidelines exist and different treatment techniques are available for salvage radiation therapy (RT) for recurrent prostate cancer, but less is known regarding their respective applicability in clinical practice. A randomized phase III trial testing 64 Gy vs 70 Gy salvage RT was accompanied by an intense quality assurance program including a site-specific and study-specific questionnaire and a dummy run (DR). Target volume delineation was performed according to the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer guidelines, and a DR-based treatment plan was established for 70 Gy. Major and minor protocol deviations were noted, interobserver agreement of delineated target contours was assessed, and dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters of different treatment techniques were compared. Thirty European centers participated, 43% of which were using 3-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT), with the remaining centers using intensity modulated RT (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc technique (VMAT). The first submitted version of the DR contained major deviations in 21 of 30 (70%) centers, mostly caused by inappropriately defined or lack of prostate bed (PB). All but 5 centers completed the DR successfully with their second submitted version. The interobserver agreement of the PB was moderate and was improved by the DR review, as indicated by an increased κ value (0.59 vs 0.55), mean sensitivity (0.64 vs 0.58), volume of total agreement (3.9 vs 3.3 cm(3)), and decrease in the union volume (79.3 vs 84.2 cm(3)). Rectal and bladder wall DVH parameters of IMRT and VMAT vs 3D-CRT plans were not significantly different. The interobserver agreement of PB delineation was moderate but was improved by the DR. Major deviations could be identified for the majority of centers. The DR has improved the acquaintance of the participating centers with the trial protocol. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chang, Po-Hsun; Tsai, Hsieh-Chih; Chen, Yu-Ren; Chen, Jian-Yu; Hsiue, Ging-Ho
2008-10-21
In this study, two nonlinear optic hybrid materials with different dimensional alkoxysilane dyes were prepared and characterized. One NLO silane (Cz2PhSO 2OH- TES), a two-dimensional structure based on carbazole, had a larger rotational volume than the other (DR19-TES). Second harmonic ( d 33) analysis verified there is an optimum heating process for the best poling efficiency. The maximum d 33 value of NLO hybrid film containing Cz2PhSO 2OH was obtained for 10.7 pm/V after precuring at 150 degrees C for 3 h and poling at 210 degrees C for 60 min. The solid-state (29)Si NMR spectrum shows that the main factor influencing poling efficiency and thermal stability was cross-linking degree of NLO silane, but not that of TMOS. In particular, the two-dimensional sol-gel system has a greater dynamic and temporary stability than the one-dimensional system due to Cz2PhSO 2OH-TES requiring a larger volume to rotate in the hybrid matrix after cross-linking.
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Laser-assisted marking for toric intraocular lens alignment.
Dick, H Burkhard; Schultz, Tim
2016-01-01
We describe a technique of 3-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography-controlled laser-assisted corneal marking for toric intraocular lens implantation. To facilitate accurate alignment, the technique creates 2 perpendicular intrastromal incisions (width 0.75 mm) using an image-guided femtosecond laser. This was performed in a case series comprising 10 eyes of 10 patients. No posterior corneal perforation or epithelial alterations occurred. The incisions were plainly visible under the operating microscope, and no optical phenomena were reported 6 weeks after surgery. Laser-assisted marking can be performed safely and has the potential to enable precise axis marking. Dr. Dick is a paid consultant to Abbott Medical Optics, Inc. Dr. Schultz has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Copyright © 2016 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Ali, Mohammad Javed; Naik, Milind N; Kaliki, Swathi; Dave, Tarjani Vivek; Dendukuri, Gautam
2017-06-01
To demonstrate the techniques and utility of 3-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) of the target pathologies for subsequent navigation guidance in ophthalmic plastic surgery. Prospective interventional case series. Stereotactic surgeries using 3D reconstruction of target lesions as the intraoperative image-guiding tool were performed in 5 patients with varied etiopathologies. All the surgeries were performed using the intraoperative image-guided StealthStation system in the electromagnetic mode. 3DR was performed using StealthStation 3D model software. The utility of 3D reconstruction for extensive orbital mass lesions, large orbital fractures, intraconal foreign body, and delineation of perilesional intricate structures was studied. The intraoperative ease and usefulness for the navigation of a 3D lesion at crucial phases of the surgery were noted. Intraoperative geometric localization of the 3D lesions was found to be enhanced and precise. 3D reconstruction of the lesion along with the major vessels and nerves in the vicinity helped the surgeon to prevent potential injuries to these structures. The fracture defects could be navigated in a 3D plane and this helped in moderate customization of the implants intraoperatively. Foreign body located in difficult access positions could be accurately targeted for geometric localization before safe retrieval. Detailed preoperative 3D reconstruction by the surgeon was found to be beneficial for successful outcomes. Three-dimensional navigation is very useful in providing detailed anatomical delineation of the targets and enhances the precision in certain complex cases in ophthalmic plastic surgery. Copyright © 2017 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods for synthetic biology biobricks' visualization.
Yang, Jiaoyun; Wang, Haipeng; Ding, Huitong; An, Ning; Alterovitz, Gil
2017-01-19
Visualizing data by dimensionality reduction is an important strategy in Bioinformatics, which could help to discover hidden data properties and detect data quality issues, e.g. data noise, inappropriately labeled data, etc. As crowdsourcing-based synthetic biology databases face similar data quality issues, we propose to visualize biobricks to tackle them. However, existing dimensionality reduction methods could not be directly applied on biobricks datasets. Hereby, we use normalized edit distance to enhance dimensionality reduction methods, including Isomap and Laplacian Eigenmaps. By extracting biobricks from synthetic biology database Registry of Standard Biological Parts, six combinations of various types of biobricks are tested. The visualization graphs illustrate discriminated biobricks and inappropriately labeled biobricks. Clustering algorithm K-means is adopted to quantify the reduction results. The average clustering accuracy for Isomap and Laplacian Eigenmaps are 0.857 and 0.844, respectively. Besides, Laplacian Eigenmaps is 5 times faster than Isomap, and its visualization graph is more concentrated to discriminate biobricks. By combining normalized edit distance with Isomap and Laplacian Eigenmaps, synthetic biology biobircks are successfully visualized in two dimensional space. Various types of biobricks could be discriminated and inappropriately labeled biobricks could be determined, which could help to assess crowdsourcing-based synthetic biology databases' quality, and make biobricks selection.
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On the reduction of 4d $$ \\mathcal{N}=1 $$ theories on $$ {\\mathbb{S}}^2 $$
Gadde, Abhijit; Razamat, Shlomo S.; Willett, Brian
2015-11-24
Here, we discuss reductions of generalmore » $$ \\mathcal{N}=1 $$ four dimensional gauge theories on $$ {\\mathbb{S}}^2 $$. The effective two dimensional theory one obtains depends on the details of the coupling of the theory to background fields, which can be translated to a choice of R-symmetry. We argue that, for special choices of R-symmetry, the resulting two dimensional theory has a natural interpretation as an $$ \\mathcal{N}(0,2) $$ gauge theory. As an application of our general observations, we discuss reductions of $$ \\mathcal{N}=1 $$ and $$ \\mathcal{N}=2 $$ dualities and argue that they imply certain two dimensional dualities.« less
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10th International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering
2014-12-22
Density Modulation ", in the 10th International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE 2014), April 4-7, 2014, Athens...ENGINEERING We organized the symposium, “Electronic Transport Properties in the Presence of Density Modulation ,” in the 10th International...Superlattices by Coplanar Waveguide Dr. Endo reported his recent experimental work on thermoelectric power of two-dimensional electron gases in the quantum
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Three-Dimensional Shallow Water Acoustics
2016-03-30
Wooos HoLE OcEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department March 30,2016 Dr. Kyle Becker Office ofNaval Research, Code...Naval Research Laboratory Grant and Contract Services (WHOI) AOPE Department Office (WHOI) MS#12 • Woods Hole , MA 02543 USA • 508.289.2230 • Fax...NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu t ion 266 Woods
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A review on the multivariate statistical methods for dimensional reduction studies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aik, Lim Eng; Kiang, Lam Chee; Mohamed, Zulkifley Bin; Hong, Tan Wei
2017-05-01
In this research study we have discussed multivariate statistical methods for dimensional reduction, which has been done by various researchers. The reduction of dimensionality is valuable to accelerate algorithm progression, as well as really may offer assistance with the last grouping/clustering precision. A lot of boisterous or even flawed info information regularly prompts a not exactly alluring algorithm progression. Expelling un-useful or dis-instructive information segments may for sure help the algorithm discover more broad grouping locales and principles and generally speaking accomplish better exhibitions on new data set.
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Molecular processes in a high temperature shock layer
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Guberman, S. L.
1985-01-01
The development of techniques for the calculation of electron capture widths, electronic wave functions, cross sections and rates needed for the description of the dissociative recombination (DR) of molecular ions with electrons were described. The cross sections and rates were calculated by using harmonic oscillator wave functions for the ion and a delta function approximation for the continuum vibrational wave function in the repulsive dissociative channel. In order to obtain DR cross sections of quantitative accuracy, a computer program which solves the one dimensional nuclear motion wave equation was revised to calculate the cross sections and rates. The program and the new results are described. Included is a discussion of large windows found in the dissociative recombination cross sections from excited ion vibrational levels. These windows have not been previously reported in the literature. The magnitude of the DR cross sections for several dissociative routes are sensitive to the location of the crossing of the neutral and ion potential curves. Studies of the effects of basis set and CI wave function size on vertical excitation energies are described. Preliminary studies on N2 and O2 using large scale wave functions are also reported.
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Huang, Jing-Feng; Yafawi, Rolla; Zhang, Min; McDowell, Michael; Rittenhouse, Kay D; Sace, Frederick; Liew, Shiao Hui Melissa; Cooper, Scott R; Pickering, Eve H
2012-07-01
To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of topical ophthalmic tofacitinib (CP-690,550) after an 8-week treatment period in patients with dry eye disease (DED). Biomarker substudy of a phase 1/2 prospective, randomized, vehicle- and comparator-controlled clinical trial (NCT00784719). A total of 82 patients with moderate to severe DED enrolled. Patients received 1 of 5 doses of tofacitinib (0.0003%, 0.001%, 0.003%, or 0.005% twice daily [BID] or 0.005% once daily [QD]), active comparator (cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion, 0.05% [Restasis, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA]), or vehicle control BID for 8 weeks. Conjunctival impression cytology and tear fluid samples were collected at baseline and after an 8-week treatment period. Conjunctival cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for human leukocyte antigen DR-1 (HLA-DR). Tear fluids were analyzed by microsphere-based immunoassays for tear levels of cytokines and inflammation markers. Reduction in inflammation assessed by change from baseline in conjunctival cell surface level of HLA-DR and tear level of cytokines and inflammation markers. At week 8, a decrease in conjunctival cell surface expression of HLA-DR was observed in patients treated with tofacitinib 0.005% QD and 0.003% BID: 71% and 67% of baseline, respectively, compared with 133% of baseline in patients treated with vehicle (P=0.023 and P=0.006, compared with vehicle, respectively). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 in tears was reduced from baseline at week 8 (40% of baseline, P=0.035) in the tofacitinib 0.005% QD group, whereas the vehicle group showed 77% of baseline (P>0.20). Interleukin (IL)-1β in tears was 36% of baseline (P=0.053) in the tofacitinib 0.005% QD group and 95% of baseline (P > 0.20) in the vehicle group. Several other cytokines and inflammation markers in tears, including MMP-9, IL-15, IL-17A, and IL-12p70, were markedly reduced in the tofacitinib 0.005% QD group but not the vehicle group. There was an association between the changes in HLA-DR and the tear inflammation markers (P<0.05): HLA-DR with IL-12p70 (r=0.49) and IL-1β (r=0.46), IL-12p70 with IL-1β (r=0.90), and IL-17A with MMP-9 (r=0.82). Topical ophthalmic tofacitinib may act as an immunomodulator in patients with DED. Treatment for 8 weeks showed a promising reduction of conjunctival cell surface HLA-DR expression and tear levels of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation markers. Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Exploring the CAESAR database using dimensionality reduction techniques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mendoza-Schrock, Olga; Raymer, Michael L.
2012-06-01
The Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource (CAESAR) database containing over 40 anthropometric measurements on over 4000 humans has been extensively explored for pattern recognition and classification purposes using the raw, original data [1-4]. However, some of the anthropometric variables would be impossible to collect in an uncontrolled environment. Here, we explore the use of dimensionality reduction methods in concert with a variety of classification algorithms for gender classification using only those variables that are readily observable in an uncontrolled environment. Several dimensionality reduction techniques are employed to learn the underlining structure of the data. These techniques include linear projections such as the classical Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and non-linear (manifold learning) techniques, such as Diffusion Maps and the Isomap technique. This paper briefly describes all three techniques, and compares three different classifiers, Naïve Bayes, Adaboost, and Support Vector Machines (SVM), for gender classification in conjunction with each of these three dimensionality reduction approaches.
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Tensor Train Neighborhood Preserving Embedding
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Wenqi; Aggarwal, Vaneet; Aeron, Shuchin
2018-05-01
In this paper, we propose a Tensor Train Neighborhood Preserving Embedding (TTNPE) to embed multi-dimensional tensor data into low dimensional tensor subspace. Novel approaches to solve the optimization problem in TTNPE are proposed. For this embedding, we evaluate novel trade-off gain among classification, computation, and dimensionality reduction (storage) for supervised learning. It is shown that compared to the state-of-the-arts tensor embedding methods, TTNPE achieves superior trade-off in classification, computation, and dimensionality reduction in MNIST handwritten digits and Weizmann face datasets.
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Kaluza-Klein cosmology from five-dimensional Lovelock-Cartan theory
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Castillo-Felisola, Oscar; Corral, Cristóbal; del Pino, Simón; Ramírez, Francisca
2016-12-01
We study the Kaluza-Klein dimensional reduction of the Lovelock-Cartan theory in five-dimensional spacetime, with a compact dimension of S1 topology. We find cosmological solutions of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker class in the reduced spacetime. The torsion and the fields arising from the dimensional reduction induce a nonvanishing energy-momentum tensor in four dimensions. We find solutions describing expanding, contracting, and bouncing universes. The model shows a dynamical compactification of the extra dimension in some regions of the parameter space.
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Cao, Dan; Yang, Dawei; Huang, Zhongning; Zeng, Yunkao; Wang, Jun; Hu, Yunyan; Zhang, Liang
2018-05-01
To investigate changes in retinal vascular plexuses and choriocapillaris in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A total of 71 DM2 and 67 healthy control subjects were included. All subjects underwent OCTA examination (RTVue-XR Avanti; Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). Average vessel density in superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris, parafoveal vessel density in SCP and DCP, FAZ area (mm 2 ) in SCP, microaneurysms and capillary nonperfusion were taken into analysis. Parafoveal vessel density in both SCP and DCP decreased in the eyes without clinical DR compared to normal controls (p < 0.001). Diabetic patients with no signs of DR also had a significant reduction in average vessel density of SCP, DCP and choriocapillaris (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). No significant difference was found in FAZ area of SCP between DM2 eyes and healthy controls (p = 0.253). The average vessel density of SCP and DCP is not correlated with HbA1c or serum creatinine in DM2 patients. Microaneurysms seen in OCTA but not in fundus examination were found in 8 out of the 71 (11.3%) diabetic eyes, and capillary nonperfusion was noted in 18 of 71 diabetic eyes. We demonstrated that OCTA can identify preclinical DR before the manifestation of clinically apparent retinopathy in diabetic eyes. DM2 patients without DR have SCP, DCP and choriocapillaris impairment. Our results suggested that OCTA might be a promising tool for regular screening of diabetic eyes for DR.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cartes, C.; Descalzi, O.; Brand, H. R.
2014-10-01
We review the work on exploding dissipative solitons in one and two spatial dimensions. Features covered include: the transition from modulated to exploding dissipative solitons, the analogue of the Ruelle-Takens scenario for dissipative solitons, inducing exploding dissipative solitons by noise, two classes of exploding dissipative solitons in two spatial dimensions, diffusing asymmetric exploding dissipative solitons as a model for a two-dimensional extended chaotic system. As a perspective we outline the interaction of exploding dissipative solitons with quasi one-dimensional dissipative solitons, breathing quasi one-dimensional solutions and their possible connection with experimental results on convection, and the occurence of exploding dissipative solitons in reaction-diffusion systems. It is a great pleasure to dedicate this work to our long-time friend Hans (Prof. Dr. Hans Jürgen Herrmann) on the occasion of his 60th birthday.
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Semisupervised kernel marginal Fisher analysis for face recognition.
Wang, Ziqiang; Sun, Xia; Sun, Lijun; Huang, Yuchun
2013-01-01
Dimensionality reduction is a key problem in face recognition due to the high-dimensionality of face image. To effectively cope with this problem, a novel dimensionality reduction algorithm called semisupervised kernel marginal Fisher analysis (SKMFA) for face recognition is proposed in this paper. SKMFA can make use of both labelled and unlabeled samples to learn the projection matrix for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Meanwhile, it can successfully avoid the singularity problem by not calculating the matrix inverse. In addition, in order to make the nonlinear structure captured by the data-dependent kernel consistent with the intrinsic manifold structure, a manifold adaptive nonparameter kernel is incorporated into the learning process of SKMFA. Experimental results on three face image databases demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fathi, M. R.; Asfaram, A.; Farhangi, A.
2015-01-01
The objective of this study was to assess the suitability and efficiency of corn stalk (CS) for the removal of diazo dye Direct Red 23 (DR23) from aqueous solutions. The effect of different variables in the batch method as a function of solution pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, CS amount, temperature, and so forth by the optimization method has been investigated. The color reduction was monitored by spectrophotometry at 503 nm before and after DR23 adsorption on the CS, and the removal percentage was calculated using the difference in absorbance. The sorption processes followed the pseudo second order in addition to intraparticle diffusion kinetics models with a good correlation coefficient with the overall entire adsorption of DR23 on adsorbent. The experimental equilibrium data were tested by four widely used isotherm models namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R). It was found that adsorption of DR23 on CS well with the Freindlich isotherm model, implying monolayer coverage of dye molecules onto the surface of the adsorbent. More than 99% removal efficiency was obtained within 10 min at adsorbent dose of 0.2 g for initial dye concentration of 10-90 mg L-1 at pH 3. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy, of the ongoing adsorption process have been calculated. Judgment based on the obtained results of thermodynamic values shows the spontaneous and endothermic nature adsorption processes on adsorbent.
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Sharma, Sandeep; Singh, Rumani; Kaur, Manpreet; Kaur, Gurcharan
2010-04-01
Numerous reports implicate increased oxidative stress in the functional and structural changes occurring in the brain and other organs as a part of the normal aging process. Dietary restriction (DR) has long been shown to be life-prolonging intervention in several species. This study was aimed to assess the potential efficacy of late-onset short term DR when initiated in 21 months old male wistar rats for 3 months on the antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation, cellular stress response protein HSP 70 and synaptic marker protein synapsin 1 in discrete brain regions such as cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus as well as liver, kidney and heart from 24 month old rats. Age-associated decline in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation was observed in brain and peripheral organ as well as increased expression of HSP 70 and reduction in synapsin 1 was observed in brain studied. Late-onset short term DR was effective in partially restoring the antioxidant status and in decreasing lipid peroxidation level as well as enhancing the expression of HSP 70 and synapsin 1 in aged rats. Late onset short term DR also prevented age-related neurodegeneration as revealed by Fluoro-Jade B staining in hippocampus and cortex regions of rat brain. Thus our current results suggest that DR initiated even in old age has the potential to improve age related decline in body functions.
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Brignole-Baudouin, Françoise; Baudouin, Christophe; Aragona, Pasquale; Rolando, Maurizio; Labetoulle, Marc; Pisella, Pierre Jean; Barabino, Stefano; Siou-Mermet, Raphaele; Creuzot-Garcher, Catherine
2011-11-01
To determine whether oral supplementation with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can reduce conjunctival epithelium expression of the inflammatory marker human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) in patients with dry eye syndrome (DES). This 3-month, double-masked, parallel-group, controlled study was conducted in nine centres, in France and Italy. Eligible adult patients with mild to moderate DES were randomized to receive a placebo containing medium-chain triglycerides or treatment supplement containing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins and zinc. Treatment regimen was three capsules daily. Impression cytology (IC) was performed at baseline and at month 3 to assess the percentage of cells expressing HLA-DR and to evaluate fluorescence intensity, an alternate measure of HLA-DR. Dry eye symptoms and objective signs were also evaluated. Analyses were performed on the full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS). In total, 138 patients were randomized; 121 patients with available IC were included in the FAS, and of these, 106 patients had no major protocol deviations (PPS). In the PPS, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of HLA-DR-positive cells in the fatty acids group (p = 0.021). Expression of HLA-DR as measured by fluorescence intensity quantification was also significantly reduced in the fatty acids group [FAS (p = 0.041); PPS (p = 0.017)]. No significant difference was found for the signs and symptoms, but there was a tendency for improvement in patients receiving the fatty acids treatment. This study demonstrates that supplementation with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can reduce expression of HLA-DR conjunctival inflammatory marker and may help improve DES symptoms. © 2011 The Authors. Acta Ophthalmologica © 2011 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation.
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Buse, John B; DeFronzo, Ralph A; Rosenstock, Julio; Kim, Terri; Burns, Colleen; Skare, Sharon; Baron, Alain; Fineman, Mark
2016-02-01
Delayed-release metformin (Met DR) is formulated to deliver the drug to the lower bowel to leverage the gut-based mechanisms of metformin action with lower plasma exposure. Met DR was assessed in two studies. Study 1 compared the bioavailability of single daily doses of Met DR to currently available immediate-release metformin (Met IR) and extended-release metformin (Met XR) in otherwise healthy volunteers. Study 2 assessed glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) over 12 weeks. Study 1 was a phase 1, randomized, four-period crossover study in 20 subjects. Study 2 was a 12-week, phase 2, multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study in 240 subjects with T2DM randomized to receive Met DR 600, 800, or 1,000 mg administered once daily; blinded placebo; or unblinded Met XR 1,000 or 2,000 mg (reference). The bioavailability of 1,000 mg Met DR b.i.d. was ∼50% that of Met IR and Met XR (study 1). In study 2, 600, 800, and 1,000 mg Met DR q.d. produced statistically significant, clinically relevant, and sustained reductions in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels over 12 weeks compared with placebo, with an ∼40% increase in potency compared with Met XR. The placebo-subtracted changes from baseline in HbA1c level at 12 weeks were consistent with changes in FPG levels. All treatments were generally well tolerated, and adverse events were consistent with Glucophage/Glucophage XR prescribing information. Dissociation of the glycemic effect from plasma exposure with gut-restricted Met DR provides strong evidence for a predominantly lower bowel-mediated mechanism of metformin action. © 2016 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
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Effects of resveratrol on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans.
Bass, Timothy M; Weinkove, David; Houthoofd, Koen; Gems, David; Partridge, Linda
2007-10-01
It was recently reported that the plant polyphenol resveratrol, found, e.g., in grape berry skins, extended lifespan in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. This lifespan extension was dependent on an NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase, Sir2 in Drosophila and SIR-2.1 in C. elegans. The extension of lifespan appeared to occur through a mechanism related to dietary restriction (DR), the reduction of available nutrients without causing malnutrition, an intervention that extends lifespan in diverse organisms from yeast to mammals. In Drosophila, lifespan extension by DR is associated with a reduction in fecundity. However, a slight increase in fecundity was reported upon treatment with resveratrol, suggesting a mode of action at least partially distinct from that of DR. To probe this mechanism further, we initiated a new study of the effects of resveratrol on Drosophila. We saw no significant effects on lifespan in seven independent trials. We analysed our resveratrol and found that its structure was normal, with no oxidative modifications. We therefore re-tested the effects of resveratrol in C. elegans, in both wild-type and sir-2.1 mutant worms. The results were variable, with resveratrol treatment resulting in slight increases in lifespan in some trials but not others, in both wild type and sir-2.1 mutant animals. We postulate that the effect of resveratrol upon lifespan in C. elegans could reflect induction of phase 2 drug detoxification or activation of AMP kinase.
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Webber, Peter; Krische, Michael J.
2010-01-01
Concise stereoselective syntheses of (±)-quinine and (±)-7-hydroxyquinine are achieved using a catalytic enone cycloallylation that combines the nucleophilic features of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction and the electrophilic features of the Tsuji-Trost reaction. Cyclization of enone-allyl carbonate 11 delivers the product of cycloallylation 13 in 68% yield. Diastereoselective conjugate reduction of the enone 13 (>20:1 dr) followed by exchange of N-protecting groups provides the saturated N-Boc-protected methyl ketone 19, which upon aldol dehydration provides quinoline containing enone 15, possessing all carbon atoms of quinine. Exposure of ketone 15 to L-selectride enables diastereoselective carbonyl reduction (>20:1 dr) to furnish the allylic alcohol 16. Stereoselective hydroxyl-directed epoxidation using an oxovanadium catalyst modified by N-hydroxy-N-Me-pivalamide delivers epoxide 17 (17:1 dr). Cyclization of the resulting amine-epoxide 17 provides (±)-7-hydroxyquinine in 13 steps and 11% overall yield from aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal. Notably, highly stereoselective formation of five contiguous stereocenters is achieved through a series of 1,2-asymmetric induction events. A formal synthesis of (±)-quinine is achieved upon deoxygenation of the N-Cbz-protected allylic acetate 22 to provide olefin 23, which previously has been converted to quinine. Thus, (±)-quinine is accessible in 16 steps and 4% overall yield from commercial aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal, making this route the most concise approach to quinine, to date. PMID:18989927
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Situation Awareness: Papers and Annotated Bibliography
1994-06-01
identification 133. McKinley, R.L., Erikson , M.A., and D’Angelo, W.R. (1994). 3-Dimensional auditory displays: Development , applications, and...constructed. The second paper, by Dr. Michael Vidulich, was originally written during the early stages of the SAINT team’s response to SA concerns raised...refers to how SA is developed and maintained during flight, while the product is the resultant, elusive thing we call SA itself (Tenney, Adams, Pew
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Lade, Harshad; Kadam, Avinash; Paul, Diby; Govindwar, Sanjay
2015-01-01
Release of textile azo dyes to the environment is an issue of health concern while the use of microorganisms has proved to be the best option for remediation. Thus, in the present study, a bacterial consortium consisting of Providencia rettgeri strain HSL1 and Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 has been investigated for degradation and detoxification of structurally different azo dyes. The consortium showed 98-99 % decolorization of all the selected azo dyes viz. Reactive Black 5 (RB 5), Reactive Orange 16 (RO 16), Disperse Red 78 (DR 78) and Direct Red 81 (DR 81) within 12 to 30 h at 100 mg L-1 concentration at 30 ± 0.2 °C under microaerophilic, sequential aerobic/microaerophilic and microaerophilic/aerobic processes. However, decolorization under microaerophilic conditions viz. RB 5 (0.26 mM), RO 16 (0.18 mM), DR 78 (0.20 mM) and DR 81 (0.23 mM) and sequential aerobic/microaerophilic processes viz. RB 5 (0.08 mM), RO 16 (0.06 mM), DR 78 (0.07 mM) and DR 81 (0.09 mM) resulted into the formation of aromatic amines. In distinction, sequential microaerophilic/ aerobic process doesn’t show the formation of amines. Additionally, 62-72 % reduction in total organic carbon content was observed in all the dyes decolorized broths under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes suggesting the efficacy of method in mineralization of dyes. Notable induction within the levels of azoreductase and NADH-DCIP reductase (97 and 229 % for RB 5, 55 and 160 % for RO 16, 63 and 196 % for DR 78, 108 and 258 % for DR 81) observed under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes suggested their critical involvements in the initial breakdown of azo bonds, whereas, a slight increase in the levels of laccase and veratryl alcohol oxidase confirmed subsequent oxidation of formed amines. Also, the acute toxicity assay with Daphnia magna revealed the nontoxic nature of the dye-degraded metabolites under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes. As biodegradation under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic process completely detoxified all the selected textile azo dyes, further efforts should be made to implement such methods for large scale dye wastewater treatment technologies. PMID:26417357
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Development of an expert data reduction assistant
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Miller, Glenn E.; Johnston, Mark D.; Hanisch, Robert J.
1993-01-01
We propose the development of an expert system tool for the management and reduction of complex datasets. the proposed work is an extension of a successful prototype system for the calibration of CCD (charge coupled device) images developed by Dr. Johnston in 1987. (ref.: Proceedings of the Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence). The reduction of complex multi-parameter data sets presents severe challenges to a scientist. Not only must a particular data analysis system be mastered, (e.g. IRAF/SDAS/MIDAS), large amounts of data can require many days of tedious work and supervision by the scientist for even the most straightforward reductions. The proposed Expert Data Reduction Assistant will help the scientist overcome these obstacles by developing a reduction plan based on the data at hand and producing a script for the reduction of the data in a target common language.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Bodey, Isaac T.; Curtis, Franklin G.; Arimilli, Rao V.
The findings presented in this report are results of a five year effort led by the RRD Division of the ORNL, which is focused on research and development toward the conversion of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) fuel from high-enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU). This report focuses on the tasks accomplished by the University of Tennessee Knoxville (UTK) team from the Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering (MABE) that provided expert support in multiphysics modeling of complex problems associated with the LEU conversion of the HFIR reactor. The COMSOL software was used as the main computationalmore » modeling tool, whereas Solidworks was also used in support of computer-aided-design (CAD) modeling of the proposed LEU fuel design. The UTK research has been governed by a statement of work (SOW), which was updated annually to clearly define the specific tasks reported herein. Ph.D. student Isaac T. Bodey has focused on heat transfer and fluid flow modeling issues and has been aided by his major professor Dr. Rao V. Arimilli. Ph.D. student Franklin G. Curtis has been focusing on modeling the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) phenomena caused by the mechanical forces acting on the fuel plates, which in turn affect the fluid flow in between the fuel plates, and ultimately the heat transfer, is also affected by the FSI changes. Franklin Curtis has been aided by his major professor Dr. Kivanc Ekici. M.Sc. student Adam R. Travis has focused two major areas of research: (1) on accurate CAD modeling of the proposed LEU plate design, and (2) reduction of the model complexity and dimensionality through interdimensional coupling of the fluid flow and heat transfer for the HFIR plate geometry. Adam Travis is also aided by his major professor, Dr. Kivanc Ekici. We must note that the UTK team, and particularly the graduate students, have been in very close collaboration with Dr. James D. Freels (ORNL technical monitor and mentor) and have benefited greatly from his leadership and expertise in COMSOL modeling of complex physical phenomena. Both UTK and ORNL teams have used COMSOL releases 3.4 through 5.0 inclusive (with particular emphasis on 3.5a, 4.3a, 4.3b, and 4.4) for most of the work described in this report, except where stated otherwise. Just as in the performance of the research, each of the respective sections has been originally authored by respective authors. Therefore, the reader will observe a contrast in writing style throughout this document.« less
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User's Manual for FEMOM3DR. Version 1.0
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Reddy, C. J.
1998-01-01
FEMoM3DR is a computer code written in FORTRAN 77 to compute radiation characteristics of antennas on 3D body using combined Finite Element Method (FEM)/Method of Moments (MoM) technique. The code is written to handle different feeding structures like coaxial line, rectangular waveguide, and circular waveguide. This code uses the tetrahedral elements, with vector edge basis functions for FEM and triangular elements with roof-top basis functions for MoM. By virtue of FEM, this code can handle any arbitrary shaped three dimensional bodies with inhomogeneous lossy materials; and due to MoM the computational domain can be terminated in any arbitrary shape. The User's Manual is written to make the user acquainted with the operation of the code. The user is assumed to be familiar with the FORTRAN 77 language and the operating environment of the computers on which the code is intended to run.
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Virtual Reality Used to Serve the Glenn Engineering Community
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Carney, Dorothy V.
2001-01-01
There are a variety of innovative new visualization tools available to scientists and engineers for the display and analysis of their models. At the NASA Glenn Research Center, we have an ImmersaDesk, a large, single-panel, semi-immersive display device. This versatile unit can interactively display three-dimensional images in visual stereo. Our challenge is to make this virtual reality platform accessible and useful to researchers. An example of a successful application of this computer technology is the display of blade out simulations. NASA Glenn structural dynamicists, Dr. Kelly Carney and Dr. Charles Lawrence, funded by the Ultra Safe Propulsion Project under Base R&T, are researching blade outs, when turbine engines lose a fan blade during operation. Key objectives of this research include minimizing danger to the aircraft via effective blade containment, predicting destructive loads due to the imbalance following a blade loss, and identifying safe, cost-effective designs and materials for future engines.
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Impacts of Demand-Side Resources on Electric Transmission Planning
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hadley, Stanton W.; Sanstad, Alan H.
2015-01-01
Will demand resources such as energy efficiency (EE), demand response (DR), and distributed generation (DG) have an impact on electricity transmission requirements? Five drivers for transmission expansion are discussed: interconnection, reliability, economics, replacement, and policy. With that background, we review the results of a set of transmission studies that were conducted between 2010 and 2013 by electricity regulators, industry representatives, and other stakeholders in the three physical interconnections within the United States. These broad-based studies were funded by the US Department of Energy and included scenarios of reduced load growth due to EE, DR, and DG. While the studies weremore » independent and used different modeling tools and interconnect-specific assumptions, all provided valuable results and insights. However, some caveats exist. Demand resources were evaluated in conjunction with other factors, and limitations on transmission additions between scenarios made understanding the role of demand resources difficult. One study, the western study, included analyses over both 10- and 20-year planning horizons; the 10-year analysis did not show near-term reductions in transmission, but the 20-year indicated fewer transmission additions, yielding a 36percent capital cost reduction. In the eastern study the reductions in demand largely led to reductions in local generation capacity and an increased opportunity for low-cost and renewable generation to export to other regions. The Texas study evaluated generation changes due to demand, and is in the process of examining demand resource impacts on transmission.« less
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Yuan, Fang; Wang, Guangyi; Wang, Xiaowei
2017-03-01
In this paper, smooth curve models of meminductor and memcapacitor are designed, which are generalized from a memristor. Based on these models, a new five-dimensional chaotic oscillator that contains a meminductor and memcapacitor is proposed. By dimensionality reducing, this five-dimensional system can be transformed into a three-dimensional system. The main work of this paper is to give the comparisons between the five-dimensional system and its dimensionality reduction model. To investigate dynamics behaviors of the two systems, equilibrium points and stabilities are analyzed. And the bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent spectrums are used to explore their properties. In addition, digital signal processing technologies are used to realize this chaotic oscillator, and chaotic sequences are generated by the experimental device, which can be used in encryption applications.
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Santos-Rocha, Juliana; Duarte, Gloria P.; Xavier, Fabiano E.
2012-01-01
This study analyzed the effect of in utero exposure to maternal diabetes on contraction to noradrenaline in mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) from adult offspring, focusing on the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostanoids. Diabetes in the maternal rat was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight) on day 7 of pregnancy. Contraction to noradrenaline was analyzed in isolated MRA from offspring of diabetic (O-DR) and non-diabetic (O-CR) rats at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. Release of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α), was measured by specific enzyme immunoassay kits. O-DR developed hypertension from 6 months of age compared with O-CR. Arteries from O-DR were hyperactive to noradrenaline only at 6 and 12 months of age. Endothelial removal abolished this hyperreactivity to noradrenaline between O-CR and O-DR. Preincubation with either the COX-1/2 (indomethacin) or COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) decreased noradrenaline contraction only in 6- and 12-month-old O-DR, while it remained unmodified by COX-1 inhibitor SC-560. In vessels from 6-month-old O-DR, a similar reduction in the contraction to noradrenaline produced by NS-398 was observed when TP and EP receptors were blocked (SQ29548+AH6809). In 12-month-old O-DR, this effect was only achieved when TP, EP and FP were blocked (SQ29548+AH6809+AL8810). Noradrenaline-stimulated TxB2 and PGE2 release was higher in 6- and 12-month-old O-DR, whereas PGF2α was increased only in 12-month-old O-DR. Our results demonstrated that in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia in rats increases the participation of COX-2-derived prostanoids on contraction to noradrenaline, which might help to explain the greater response to this agonist in MRA from 6- and 12-month-old offspring. As increased contractile response in resistance vessels may contribute to hypertension, our results suggest a role for these COX-2-derived prostanoids in elevating vascular resistance and blood pressure in offspring of diabetic rats. PMID:23209788
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Jiang, Zhang
GIXSGUIis a MATLAB toolbox that offers both a graphical user interface and script-based access to visualize and process grazing-incidence X-ray scattering data from nanostructures on surfaces and in thin films. It provides routine surface scattering data reduction methods such as geometric correction, one-dimensional intensity linecut, two-dimensional intensity reshapingetc. Three-dimensional indexing is also implemented to determine the space group and lattice parameters of buried organized nanoscopic structures in supported thin films.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-06-24
... Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, this notice announces the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service's... establishments, contact Dr. Debra Cox, Senior Staff Veterinarian, Surveillance and Identification Programs, NCAHP... information collection. Abstract: Under the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.), the Animal...
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Nationwide Mobile Communication Systems. Volume 3. Appendix B - D
1990-06-01
Layover pay: U100111 CDEPUTDB Total layover pay per month SI.0 Istimatd average rtetion (1) 1% Projected layover expene reduction $0.00 iverage musher of...Mail Stop 238-420 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, Ca 91109 38. Radm David M. Cooney, USN 1 6203 Larstan Dr. Alexandria, Va 22312
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NHS plans to lead on carbon cutting.
Pearson, Susan
2008-10-01
While the UK's Climate Change Bill is debated in Parliament, the NHS has been putting in place its plans to lead the way in public sector carbon cutting, which aim for a 60% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050. Susan Pearson talks to Dr David Pencheon, director of the new NHS Sustainable Development Unit.
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VizieR Online Data Catalog: Infrared excesses of Hipparcos stars (McDonald+, 2012)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Boyer, M. L.
2013-08-01
The new Hipparcos (Hp)/Tycho (BT, VT) reduction (van Leeuwen 2007. Cat. I/311) was used as the primary astrometric and photometric catalogue, to which the other catalogues were matched. Additional data were sourced from SDSS DR8, DENIS, 2MASS, MSX, AKARI, IRAS and Wide surveys. (1 data file).
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Multivariate Strategies in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hansen, Lars Kai
2007-01-01
We discuss aspects of multivariate fMRI modeling, including the statistical evaluation of multivariate models and means for dimensional reduction. In a case study we analyze linear and non-linear dimensional reduction tools in the context of a "mind reading" predictive multivariate fMRI model.
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Two component-three dimensional catalysis
Schwartz, Michael; White, James H.; Sammells, Anthony F.
2002-01-01
This invention relates to catalytic reactor membranes having a gas-impermeable membrane for transport of oxygen anions. The membrane has an oxidation surface and a reduction surface. The membrane is coated on its oxidation surface with an adherent catalyst layer and is optionally coated on its reduction surface with a catalyst that promotes reduction of an oxygen-containing species (e.g., O.sub.2, NO.sub.2, SO.sub.2, etc.) to generate oxygen anions on the membrane. The reactor has an oxidation zone and a reduction zone separated by the membrane. A component of an oxygen containing gas in the reduction zone is reduced at the membrane and a reduced species in a reactant gas in the oxidation zone of the reactor is oxidized. The reactor optionally contains a three-dimensional catalyst in the oxidation zone. The adherent catalyst layer and the three-dimensional catalyst are selected to promote a desired oxidation reaction, particularly a partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon.
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Moshetova, L K; Vorob'eva, I V; Alekseev, I B; Mikhaleva, L G
2015-01-01
to investigate changes in clinical, functional, and morphological parameters of the retina in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and those with combined fundus pathology (DR plus age-related macular degeneration (AMD)) before and after a course of antioxidants and angioprotectors in the form of mono- or combination therapy. The study included 180 patients (180 eyes) with type 2 diabetes divided into 6 groups of 30 each. DR was graded according to E. Kohner and M. Porta classification, AMD--AREDS classification. Thus, group 1 consisted of patients with DRO,; group 2--DR1 without DM, group 3--DR1 with DM, group 4--DRO and "dry" AMD (AREDS 1-3), group 5--DR1 with no DM but with AMD (AREDS 1-3), and group 6--DR1 with DM and AMD (AREDS 1-3). A drug containing lutein 6 mg, zeaxanthin 0.5 mg, vitamin C 60 mg, vitamin E 7 mg, vitamin A 1.5 mg, vitamin B2 1.2 mg, rutin 25 mg, zinc 5 mg, selenium 25 mcg, and bilberry extract 60 mg was used for antioxidative therapy. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract 60 mg was chosen as the angioprotector. In all patients visual acuity, macular thickness and morphology (OCT) as well as light sensitivity (microperimetry) were assessed before and after the treatment course. Analysis of baseline measurements demonstrated a significant decrease in best corrected visual acuity (p < 0.05) in study groups 2-6 as compared with group 1. Macular thickness was increased in all groups, however, the changes were statistically significant only in groups 3 and 6 (p<0.05). Light sensitivity of the macula showed a reduction, which was statistically significant in groups 4-6 (p < 0.05). After the course of antioxidant and angioprotective therapy, these parameters improved in all groups. The greatest effect was achieved with simultaneous antioxidant and double-dose angioprotective therapy (240 mg per day): visual acuity increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups except group 1; macular thickness decreased in all groups, however, the changes were statistically significant (p < 0.05) only in groups 1-3 and 5; light sensitivity also improved in all groups, significantly (p < 0.05) in groups 1-3 and 4. Extended analysis of clinical, functional and morphological changes in the retina at the onset of DR in type 2 diabetes patients with concomitant "dry" AMD enables timely diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and early treatment. Conservative treatment with antioxidant and angioprotective agents has been proved effective in type 2 diabetes patients with preclinical (DRO) and early (DR1) diabetic retinopathy and those with DR and "dry" AMD (AREDS 1-3) in terms of functional and morphological parameters of the retina. From all the regimens, a combined antioxidant and double-dose angioprotective (240 mg) therapy appeared to be the most effective and can be considered not only a preventive, but also a therapeutic measure in type 2 diabetes patients with initial stages of DR (DRO, DR1) or those with DR and DM or combined DR and AMD (AREDS 1-3).
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Rigorous Model Reduction for a Damped-Forced Nonlinear Beam Model: An Infinite-Dimensional Analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kogelbauer, Florian; Haller, George
2018-06-01
We use invariant manifold results on Banach spaces to conclude the existence of spectral submanifolds (SSMs) in a class of nonlinear, externally forced beam oscillations. SSMs are the smoothest nonlinear extensions of spectral subspaces of the linearized beam equation. Reduction in the governing PDE to SSMs provides an explicit low-dimensional model which captures the correct asymptotics of the full, infinite-dimensional dynamics. Our approach is general enough to admit extensions to other types of continuum vibrations. The model-reduction procedure we employ also gives guidelines for a mathematically self-consistent modeling of damping in PDEs describing structural vibrations.
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Application of diffusion maps to identify human factors of self-reported anomalies in aviation.
Andrzejczak, Chris; Karwowski, Waldemar; Mikusinski, Piotr
2012-01-01
A study investigating what factors are present leading to pilots submitting voluntary anomaly reports regarding their flight performance was conducted. Diffusion Maps (DM) were selected as the method of choice for performing dimensionality reduction on text records for this study. Diffusion Maps have seen successful use in other domains such as image classification and pattern recognition. High-dimensionality data in the form of narrative text reports from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) were clustered and categorized by way of dimensionality reduction. Supervised analyses were performed to create a baseline document clustering system. Dimensionality reduction techniques identified concepts or keywords within records, and allowed the creation of a framework for an unsupervised document classification system. Results from the unsupervised clustering algorithm performed similarly to the supervised methods outlined in the study. The dimensionality reduction was performed on 100 of the most commonly occurring words within 126,000 text records describing commercial aviation incidents. This study demonstrates that unsupervised machine clustering and organization of incident reports is possible based on unbiased inputs. Findings from this study reinforced traditional views on what factors contribute to civil aviation anomalies, however, new associations between previously unrelated factors and conditions were also found.
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Cai, Xiangsheng; Li, Jingjing; Wang, Mingzhu; She, Miaoqin; Tang, Yongming; Li, Jinlong; Li, Hongwei; Hui, Hongxiang
2017-01-01
Objective: Apoptosis and autophagy of retinal cells, which may be induced by oxidative stress, are tightly associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The autophagy induced by oxidative stress is considered as excessively stimulated autophagy, which accelerates the progression of DR. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of GLP-1 treatment on alleviating apoptosis and autophagy of retinal cells in type 2 diabetic rats and reveals its possible mechanism. Methods: Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by fed with high sugar, high fat diet and followed with streptozotocin injection. GLP-1 was applied to treat the diabetic rats for one week after the onset of diabetes. The expressions of oxidative stress-related enzymes, retinal GLP-1R, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis- related genes, autophagy markers, and autophagy-associated pathway genes were studied by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: GLP-1treatment reduced the levels of NOX3 and SOD2 in DR. The expression of BCL2 was increased, while the levels of caspase3 and LC3B were reduced through GLP-1 treatment in DR . GLP-1 treatment restored the GLP-1R expression and decreased the levels of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated ERK1/2, which was accompanied with the reduction of the HDAC6 levels in DR. Conclusions: GLP-1 treatment can alleviate autophagy which may be induced by oxidative stress; this protective effect is likely through GLP-1R-ERK1/2-HDAC6 signaling pathway.
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Evaluation of item candidates for a diabetic retinopathy quality of life item bank.
Fenwick, Eva K; Pesudovs, Konrad; Khadka, Jyoti; Rees, Gwyn; Wong, Tien Y; Lamoureux, Ecosse L
2013-09-01
We are developing an item bank assessing the impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on quality of life (QoL) using a rigorous multi-staged process combining qualitative and quantitative methods. We describe here the first two qualitative phases: content development and item evaluation. After a comprehensive literature review, items were generated from four sources: (1) 34 previously validated patient-reported outcome measures; (2) five published qualitative articles; (3) eight focus groups and 18 semi-structured interviews with 57 DR patients; and (4) seven semi-structured interviews with diabetes or ophthalmic experts. Items were then evaluated during 3 stages, namely binning (grouping) and winnowing (reduction) based on key criteria and panel consensus; development of item stems and response options; and pre-testing of items via cognitive interviews with patients. The content development phase yielded 1,165 unique items across 7 QoL domains. After 3 sessions of binning and winnowing, items were reduced to a minimally representative set (n = 312) across 9 domains of QoL: visual symptoms; ocular surface symptoms; activity limitation; mobility; emotional; health concerns; social; convenience; and economic. After 8 cognitive interviews, 42 items were amended resulting in a final set of 314 items. We have employed a systematic approach to develop items for a DR-specific QoL item bank. The psychometric properties of the nine QoL subscales will be assessed using Rasch analysis. The resulting validated item bank will allow clinicians and researchers to better understand the QoL impact of DR and DR therapies from the patient's perspective.
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Kiser, Paul J; Liu, Zijing; Wilt, Steven D; Mower, George D
2011-04-06
This study describes postnatal critical period changes in cellular and laminar expression of Dab-1, a gene shown to play a role in controlling neuronal positioning during embryonic brain development, in cat visual cortex and the effects of dark rearing (DR). At 1week, there is dense cellular staining which is uniform across cortical layers and very light neuropil staining. At the peak of the critical period (5weeks), dense cell staining is largely restricted to large pyramidal cells of deep layer III and layer V, there is faint cell body staining throughout all cortical layers, neuropil staining is markedly increased and uniform in layers III to VI. This dramatic change in laminar and cellular labeling is independent of visual input, since immunostaining is similar in 5-week DR cats. By 10weeks, the mature laminar and cellular staining pattern is established and the major subsequent change is a further reduction in the density of cellular staining in all cortical layers. Neuropil staining is pronounced and uniform across cortical layers. These developmental changes are altered by DR. Quantification by cell counts indicated that age and DR interact such that differences in cellular expression are opposite in direction between 5- and 20-week-old cats. This bidirectional regulation of cellular expression is the same in all cortical laminae. The bidirectional regulation of cellular expression matches the effects of age and DR on physiological plasticity during the critical period as assessed by ocular dominance shifts in response to monocular deprivation. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Reduced basis ANOVA methods for partial differential equations with high-dimensional random inputs
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Liao, Qifeng, E-mail: liaoqf@shanghaitech.edu.cn; Lin, Guang, E-mail: guanglin@purdue.edu
2016-07-15
In this paper we present a reduced basis ANOVA approach for partial deferential equations (PDEs) with random inputs. The ANOVA method combined with stochastic collocation methods provides model reduction in high-dimensional parameter space through decomposing high-dimensional inputs into unions of low-dimensional inputs. In this work, to further reduce the computational cost, we investigate spatial low-rank structures in the ANOVA-collocation method, and develop efficient spatial model reduction techniques using hierarchically generated reduced bases. We present a general mathematical framework of the methodology, validate its accuracy and demonstrate its efficiency with numerical experiments.
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Vasquez, Carolina; Martinez, Carlos; Tseng, Chi-Hong; Mangione, Carol M.
2017-01-01
Importance Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in adults of working age in the United States. In the Los Angeles County safety net, a nonvertically integrated system serving underinsured and uninsured patients, the prevalence of DR is approximately 50%, and owing to limited specialty care resources, the average wait times for screening for DR have been 8 months or more. Objective To determine whether a primary care–based teleretinal DR screening (TDRS) program reduces wait times for screening and improves timeliness of needed care in the Los Angeles County safety net. Design, Setting, and Participants Quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest evaluation of exposure to primary care–based TDRS at 5 of 15 Los Angeles County Department of Health Services safety net clinics from September 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015, with a subgroup analysis of random samples of 600 patients before and after the intervention (1200 total). Exposure Primary care clinic–based teleretinal screening for DR. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual rates of screening for DR before and after implementation of the TDRS program across the 5 clinics, time to screening for DR in a random sample of patients from these clinics, and a description of the larger framework of program implementation. Results Among the 21 222 patients who underwent the screening (12 790 female, 8084 male, and 348 other gender or not specified; mean [SD] age, 57.4 [9.6] years), the median time to screening for DR decreased from 158 days (interquartile range, 68-324 days) before the intervention to 17 days (interquartile range, 8-50 days) after initiation of the program (P < .001). Overall annual screening rates for DR increased from 5942 of 14 633 patients (40.6%) before implementation to 7470 of 13 133 patients (56.9%) after initiation of the program at all 15 targeted clinics (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9; P = .002). Of the 21 222 patients who were screened, 14 595 (68.8%) did not require referral to an eye care professional, 4160 (19.6%) were referred for treatment or monitoring of DR, and 2461 (11.6%) were referred for other ophthalmologic conditions. Conclusions and Relevance A digital TDRS program was successfully implemented for the largest publicly operated county safety net population in the United States, resulting in the elimination of the need for more than 14 000 visits to specialty care professionals, a 16.3% increase in annual rates of screening for DR, and an 89.2% reduction in wait times for screening. Teleretinal DR screening programs have the potential to maximize access and efficiency in the safety net, where the need for such programs is most critical. PMID:28346590
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Higgs mass prediction in the MSSM at three-loop level in a pure \\overline{{ {DR}}} context
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Harlander, Robert V.; Klappert, Jonas; Voigt, Alexander
2017-12-01
The impact of the three-loop effects of order α _tα _s^2 on the mass of the light CP-even Higgs boson in the { {MSSM}} is studied in a pure \\overline{{ {DR}}} context. For this purpose, we implement the results of Kant et al. (JHEP 08:104, 2010) into the C++ module Himalaya and link it to FlexibleSUSY, a Mathematica and C++ package to create spectrum generators for BSM models. The three-loop result is compared to the fixed-order two-loop calculations of the original FlexibleSUSY and of FeynHiggs, as well as to the result based on an EFT approach. Aside from the expected reduction of the renormalization scale dependence with respect to the lower-order results, we find that the three-loop contributions significantly reduce the difference from the EFT prediction in the TeV-region of the { {SUSY}} scale {M_S}. Himalaya can be linked also to other two-loop \\overline{{ {DR}}} codes, thus allowing for the elevation of these codes to the three-loop level.
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Saragusty, Joseph; Göritz, Frank; Potier, Romain; Mulot, Baptiste; Maillot, Alexis; Etienne, Pascal; Bernardino, Rui; Fernandes, Teresa; Mews, Jurgen; Hildebrandt, Thomas Bernd
2014-01-01
Currently, radiography is the only imaging technique used to diagnose bone pathology in wild animals situated under “field conditions”. Nevertheless, while chronic foot disease in captive mega-herbivores is widely reported, foot radiographic imaging is confronted with scarcity of studies. Numerous hindrances lead to such limited numbers and it became very clear that the traditional perspective on bone imaging in domestic animals based on extensive studies and elaborated statistical evaluations cannot be extrapolated to their non-domestic relatives. For these reasons, the authors initiated a multi-modality imaging study and established a pioneering approach of synchronized computed tomography (CT) and digital radiography (DR), based on X-ray projections derived from three-dimensional CT reconstructed images. Whereas this approach can be applied in any clinical field, as a case of outstanding importance and great concern for zoological institutions, we selected foot bone pathologies in captive rhinoceroses to demonstrate the manifold applications of the method. Several advances were achieved, endowing the wildlife clinician with all-important tools: prototype DR exposure protocols and a modus operandi for foot positioning, advancing both traditional projections and, for the first-time, species-related radiographic views; assessment of radiographic diagnostic value for the whole foot and, in premiere, for each autopodial bone; together with additional insights into radiographic appearance of bone anatomy and pathology with a unique, simultaneous CT-DR correlation. Based on its main advantages in availing a wide range of keystone data in wildlife imaging from a limited number of examined subjects and combining advantages of CT as the golden standard method for bone diseases' diagnostic with DR's clinical feasibility under field conditions, synchronized CT-DR presents a new perspective on wildlife's health management. With this we hope to provide veterinary clinicians with concrete imaging techniques and substantial diagnostic tools, which facilitate straightforward attainment and interpretation of field radiography images taken worldwide. PMID:24963807
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Galateanu, Gabriela; Hermes, Robert; Saragusty, Joseph; Göritz, Frank; Potier, Romain; Mulot, Baptiste; Maillot, Alexis; Etienne, Pascal; Bernardino, Rui; Fernandes, Teresa; Mews, Jurgen; Hildebrandt, Thomas Bernd
2014-01-01
Currently, radiography is the only imaging technique used to diagnose bone pathology in wild animals situated under "field conditions". Nevertheless, while chronic foot disease in captive mega-herbivores is widely reported, foot radiographic imaging is confronted with scarcity of studies. Numerous hindrances lead to such limited numbers and it became very clear that the traditional perspective on bone imaging in domestic animals based on extensive studies and elaborated statistical evaluations cannot be extrapolated to their non-domestic relatives. For these reasons, the authors initiated a multi-modality imaging study and established a pioneering approach of synchronized computed tomography (CT) and digital radiography (DR), based on X-ray projections derived from three-dimensional CT reconstructed images. Whereas this approach can be applied in any clinical field, as a case of outstanding importance and great concern for zoological institutions, we selected foot bone pathologies in captive rhinoceroses to demonstrate the manifold applications of the method. Several advances were achieved, endowing the wildlife clinician with all-important tools: prototype DR exposure protocols and a modus operandi for foot positioning, advancing both traditional projections and, for the first-time, species-related radiographic views; assessment of radiographic diagnostic value for the whole foot and, in premiere, for each autopodial bone; together with additional insights into radiographic appearance of bone anatomy and pathology with a unique, simultaneous CT-DR correlation. Based on its main advantages in availing a wide range of keystone data in wildlife imaging from a limited number of examined subjects and combining advantages of CT as the golden standard method for bone diseases' diagnostic with DR's clinical feasibility under field conditions, synchronized CT-DR presents a new perspective on wildlife's health management. With this we hope to provide veterinary clinicians with concrete imaging techniques and substantial diagnostic tools, which facilitate straightforward attainment and interpretation of field radiography images taken worldwide.
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Stable orthogonal local discriminant embedding for linear dimensionality reduction.
Gao, Quanxue; Ma, Jingjie; Zhang, Hailin; Gao, Xinbo; Liu, Yamin
2013-07-01
Manifold learning is widely used in machine learning and pattern recognition. However, manifold learning only considers the similarity of samples belonging to the same class and ignores the within-class variation of data, which will impair the generalization and stableness of the algorithms. For this purpose, we construct an adjacency graph to model the intraclass variation that characterizes the most important properties, such as diversity of patterns, and then incorporate the diversity into the discriminant objective function for linear dimensionality reduction. Finally, we introduce the orthogonal constraint for the basis vectors and propose an orthogonal algorithm called stable orthogonal local discriminate embedding. Experimental results on several standard image databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dimensionality reduction approach.
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Ren, Fulong; Cao, Peng; Li, Wei; Zhao, Dazhe; Zaiane, Osmar
2017-01-01
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive disease, and its detection at an early stage is crucial for saving a patient's vision. An automated screening system for DR can help in reduce the chances of complete blindness due to DR along with lowering the work load on ophthalmologists. Among the earliest signs of DR are microaneurysms (MAs). However, current schemes for MA detection appear to report many false positives because detection algorithms have high sensitivity. Inevitably some non-MAs structures are labeled as MAs in the initial MAs identification step. This is a typical "class imbalance problem". Class imbalanced data has detrimental effects on the performance of conventional classifiers. In this work, we propose an ensemble based adaptive over-sampling algorithm for overcoming the class imbalance problem in the false positive reduction, and we use Boosting, Bagging, Random subspace as the ensemble framework to improve microaneurysm detection. The ensemble based over-sampling methods we proposed combine the strength of adaptive over-sampling and ensemble. The objective of the amalgamation of ensemble and adaptive over-sampling is to reduce the induction biases introduced from imbalanced data and to enhance the generalization classification performance of extreme learning machines (ELM). Experimental results show that our ASOBoost method has higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) and G-mean values than many existing class imbalance learning methods. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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1988-06-01
abilities when I lost confidence. Without her help I would not have completed the program. Next, I wish to thank Dr. Peter Maybeck, my research ...being not only a resource for my research . but also for being a friend who listened when I needed a shoulder to cry on. Finally, I wish to give thanks...considered in this research are assumed to be linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) based controllers. This research first uses a direct approach to
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Acoustooptic Processing of Two Dimensional Signals Using Temporal and Spatial Integration
1989-05-12
AND SPATIAL INTEGRATION Demetri Psaltis, John Hong, Scott Hudson, Jeff Yu Fai Mok, Mark Neifeld, and Nabeel Riza, Dave Brady V 13U7101 4 NS7urtn-a...Jeff Yu Fai Mok, Mark Neifeld, and Nabeel Riza, Dave Brady DTIC Grant AFOSR-85-0332 ELECTE Submitted to: S J’ Dr. Lee Giles Air Force Office of...In addition we examine the capacity when the filter is binarized. Vector-matrix multipliers are fundamental components of many signal processing sys
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Solving a Class of Stochastic Mixed-Integer Programs With Branch and Price
2006-01-01
a two-dimensional knapsack problem, but for a given m, the objective value gi does not depend on the variance index v. This will be used in a final...optimization. Journal of Multicriteria Decision Analysis 11, 139–150 (2002) 29. Ford, L.R., Fulkerson, D.R.: A suggested computation for the maximal...for solution by a branch-and-price algorithm (B&P). We then survey a number of examples, and use a stochastic facility-location problem (SFLP) for a
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kawata, Y.; Niki, N.; Ohmatsu, H.; Aokage, K.; Kusumoto, M.; Tsuchida, T.; Eguchi, K.; Kaneko, M.
2015-03-01
Advantages of CT scanners with high resolution have allowed the improved detection of lung cancers. In the recent release of positive results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) in the US showing that CT screening does in fact have a positive impact on the reduction of lung cancer related mortality. While this study does show the efficacy of CT based screening, physicians often face the problems of deciding appropriate management strategies for maximizing patient survival and for preserving lung function. Several key manifold-learning approaches efficiently reveal intrinsic low-dimensional structures latent in high-dimensional data spaces. This study was performed to investigate whether the dimensionality reduction can identify embedded structures from the CT histogram feature of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) space to improve the performance in predicting the likelihood of RFS for patients with NSCLC.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Davoudi, Alireza; Shiry Ghidary, Saeed; Sadatnejad, Khadijeh
2017-06-01
Objective. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithm for the manifold of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices that considers the geometry of SPD matrices and provides a low-dimensional representation of the manifold with high class discrimination in a supervised or unsupervised manner. Approach. The proposed algorithm tries to preserve the local structure of the data by preserving distances to local means (DPLM) and also provides an implicit projection matrix. DPLM is linear in terms of the number of training samples. Main results. We performed several experiments on the multi-class dataset IIa from BCI competition IV and two other datasets from BCI competition III including datasets IIIa and IVa. The results show that our approach as dimensionality reduction technique—leads to superior results in comparison with other competitors in the related literature because of its robustness against outliers and the way it preserves the local geometry of the data. Significance. The experiments confirm that the combination of DPLM with filter geodesic minimum distance to mean as the classifier leads to superior performance compared with the state of the art on brain-computer interface competition IV dataset IIa. Also the statistical analysis shows that our dimensionality reduction method performs significantly better than its competitors.
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BOUSSEROUEL, SOUAD; LE GRANDOIS, JULIE; GOSSÉ, FRANCINE; WERNER, DALAL; BARTH, STEPHAN W.; MARCHIONI, ERIC; MARESCAUX, JACQUES; RAUL, FRANCIS
2013-01-01
Shoots of white asparagus are a popular vegetable dish, known to be rich in many bioactive phytochemicals reported to possess antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. We evaluated the anticancer mechanisms of a methanolic extract of Asparagus officinalis L. shoots (Asp) on human colon carcinoma cells (SW480) and their derived metastatic cells (SW620), and Asp chemopreventive properties were also assessed in a model of colon carcinogenesis. SW480 and SW620 cell proliferation was inhibited by 80% after exposure to Asp (80 μg/ml). We demonstrated that Asp induced cell death through the activation of TRAIL DR4/DR5 death receptors leading to the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 and to cell apoptosis. By specific blocking agents of DR4/DR5 receptors we were able to prevent Asp-triggered cell death confirming the key role of DR4/DR5 receptors. We found also that Asp (80 μg/ml) was able to potentiate the effects of the cytokine TRAIL on cell death even in the TRAIL-resistant metastatic SW620 cells. Colon carcinogenesis was initiated in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injections of azoxymethane (AOM), once a week for two weeks. One week after (post-initiation) rats received daily Asp (0.01%, 14 mg/kg body weight) in drinking water. After 7 weeks of Asp-treatment the colon of rats exhibited a 50% reduction of the number of preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci). In addition Asp induced inhibition of several pro-inflammatory mediators, in association with an increased expression of host-defense mediators. In the colonic mucosa of Asp-treated rats we also confirmed the pro-apoptotic effects observed in vitro including the activation of the TRAIL death-receptor signaling pathway. Taken together, our data highlight the chemopreventive effects of Asp on colon carcinogenesis and its ability to promote normal cellular homeostasis. PMID:23754197
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Uskoković, Aleksandra; Dinić, Svetlana; Mihailović, Mirjana; Grdović, Nevena; Arambašić, Jelena; Vidaković, Melita; Bogojević, Desanka; Ivanović-Matić, Svetlana; Martinović, Vesna; Petrović, Miodrag; Poznanović, Goran; Grigorov, Ilijana
2012-01-01
Haptoglobin is a constitutively expressed protein which is predominantly synthesized in the liver. During the acute-phase (AP) response haptoglobin is upregulated along with other AP proteins. Its upregulation during the AP response is mediated by cis-trans interactions between the hormone-responsive element (HRE) residing in the haptoglobin gene and inducible transcription factors STAT3 and C/EBP β. In male rats that have been subjected to chronic 50% dietary restriction (DR), the basal haptoglobin serum level is decreased. The aim of this study was to characterize the trans-acting factor(s) responsible for the reduction of haptoglobin expression in male rats subjected to 50% DR for 6 weeks. Protein-DNA interactions between C/EBP and STAT families of transcription factors and the HRE region of the haptoglobin gene were examined in livers of male rats subjected to DR, as well as during the AP response that was induced by turpentine administration. In DR rats, we observed associations between the HRE and C/EBPα/β, STAT5b and NF-κB p50, and the absence of interactions between STAT3 and NF-kB p65. Subsequent induction of the AP response in DR rats by turpentine administration elicited a normal, almost 2-fold increase in the serum haptoglobin level that was accompanied by HRE-binding of C/EBPβ, STAT3/5b and NF-kB p65/p50, and the establishment of interaction between STAT3 and NF-κB p65. These results suggest that STAT3 and NF-κB p65 crosstalk plays a central role while C/EBPβ acquires an accessory role in establishing the level of haptoglobin gene expression in male rats exposed to DR and AP stimuli.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lau, C. Y. M.; Becraft, E. D.; Cason, E. D.; Borgonie, G.; Kieft, T. L.; Li, L.; van Heerden, E.; Jarett, J.; Woyke, T.; Stepanauskas, R.; Onstott, T. C.
2017-12-01
Anaerobic sulfate reduction is among the most thermodynamically favorable biochemical reactions in the deep subsurface environments. Phylogenetically and functionally diverse sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) within Deltaproteobacteria and Firmicutes have been reported. However, only few of them have been isolated in pure cultures for detailed physiological characterization. Previous studies showed that fracture fluid samples from the 1 km-deep borehole DR5IPC (Driefontein gold mine, South Africa) harbored novel SRB, as indicated by the low percentages (84% and 90%) of identity of the 16S ribosomal RNA clone sequences to known SRB. To overcome the challenge of low cultivability, we employed next-generation sequencing to unveil the metabolic potential of these novel SRB. Metagenomic assembly and binning yielded seven >50% complete genomes including a methylotrophic SRB belonging to Deltaproteobacteria (DR5_3) and two draft genomes representing an uncultivated phylum, tentatively "Driefonteinae" (DR5_4 and DR5_5). They accounted for 3%, 2% and 18% of all metagenomic reads. Three single-cell assembled genomes (SAGs) sharing 99% of average nucleotide identity (ANI) with DR5_5 were obtained. Analysis of the protein-coding genes in DR5_5 and related SAGs indicated that "Driefonteinae" possesses dissimilatory sulfite reductase genes (dsrAB), suggesting that sulfate would be the terminal electron acceptor. Whereas it may use diverse electron acceptors such as carbon monoxide, acetate, lactate and formate. A near-complete collection of genes for Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and genes for partial pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle further showed that "Driefonteinae" may live a mixotrophic life style. It is evident that archaeal genes related to methanogens were acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Phenotypically, "Driefonteinae" has a Gram-negative cell wall and flagella. The ability of forming spores would enable this microorganism to endure adverse conditions. Genomic analysis has provided an invaluable avenue to reveal novel microbial players in the subsurface sulfur cycle.
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Impaired reduction of nocturnal systolic blood pressure and severity of diabetic retinopathy
Felício, João Soares; Pacheco, Juliana Torres; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta; Plavnik, Frida; Moisés, Valdir; Junior, Oswaldo Kohlmann; Ribeiro, Artur Beltrame; Zanella, Maria Tereza
2007-01-01
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of elevated levels of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) on diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of 88 diabetic hypertensive patients were divided according to the stage of DR. They underwent 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring and ophthalmological evaluation, and their average level of fasting blood glucose as well as their glycemic control index (percentage of fasting blood glucose higher than 11.2 mmol/L over the previous four years) were calculated. When diabetic patients with retinopathy (n=29) (group 1) were compared with patients without retinopathy (n=59) (group 2), a significant difference was observed in diabetes duration (124 months [range six to 460 months] versus 43 months [range six to 365 months], respectively; P<0.05). In addition, group 1 showed higher levels of nocturnal systolic BP (NSBP) (141 ± 22 mmHg versus 132±18 mmHg; P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups (group 1 and group 2) when diurnal pressoric levels were compared (diurnal systolic BP, 153±19 mmHg versus 146±19 mmHg, P not significant; and diurnal diastolic BP, 91±9 mmHg versus 91±13 mmHg, P not significant). DR correlated with diabetes duration (r=0.26; P<0.05) and with glycemic control index (r=0.24; P<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed NSBP to be an independent predictor of DR (r2=0.12; P<0.01). Moreover, patients with severe stages of DR (preproliferative, proliferative or macular edema) showed a lower decrease of NSBP than the other patients (3.9±6.0 mmHg versus 9.2±6.0 mmHg; P<0.05). The present study suggests that the absence of 24 h normal pressoric rhythm can interfere with the prevalence and severity of DR. PMID:18650998
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Comparative analysis of nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques for breast MRI segmentation
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Akhbardeh, Alireza; Jacobs, Michael A.; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
2012-04-15
Purpose: Visualization of anatomical structures using radiological imaging methods is an important tool in medicine to differentiate normal from pathological tissue and can generate large amounts of data for a radiologist to read. Integrating these large data sets is difficult and time-consuming. A new approach uses both supervised and unsupervised advanced machine learning techniques to visualize and segment radiological data. This study describes the application of a novel hybrid scheme, based on combining wavelet transform and nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) methods, to breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data using three well-established NLDR techniques, namely, ISOMAP, local linear embedding (LLE), andmore » diffusion maps (DfM), to perform a comparative performance analysis. Methods: Twenty-five breast lesion subjects were scanned using a 3T scanner. MRI sequences used were T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging. The hybrid scheme consisted of two steps: preprocessing and postprocessing of the data. The preprocessing step was applied for B{sub 1} inhomogeneity correction, image registration, and wavelet-based image compression to match and denoise the data. In the postprocessing step, MRI parameters were considered data dimensions and the NLDR-based hybrid approach was applied to integrate the MRI parameters into a single image, termed the embedded image. This was achieved by mapping all pixel intensities from the higher dimension to a lower dimensional (embedded) space. For validation, the authors compared the hybrid NLDR with linear methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) using synthetic data. For the clinical application, the authors used breast MRI data, comparison was performed using the postcontrast DCE MRI image and evaluating the congruence of the segmented lesions. Results: The NLDR-based hybrid approach was able to define and segment both synthetic and clinical data. In the synthetic data, the authors demonstrated the performance of the NLDR method compared with conventional linear DR methods. The NLDR approach enabled successful segmentation of the structures, whereas, in most cases, PCA and MDS failed. The NLDR approach was able to segment different breast tissue types with a high accuracy and the embedded image of the breast MRI data demonstrated fuzzy boundaries between the different types of breast tissue, i.e., fatty, glandular, and tissue with lesions (>86%). Conclusions: The proposed hybrid NLDR methods were able to segment clinical breast data with a high accuracy and construct an embedded image that visualized the contribution of different radiological parameters.« less
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On the precision of quasi steady state assumptions in stochastic dynamics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Agarwal, Animesh; Adams, Rhys; Castellani, Gastone C.; Shouval, Harel Z.
2012-07-01
Many biochemical networks have complex multidimensional dynamics and there is a long history of methods that have been used for dimensionality reduction for such reaction networks. Usually a deterministic mass action approach is used; however, in small volumes, there are significant fluctuations from the mean which the mass action approach cannot capture. In such cases stochastic simulation methods should be used. In this paper, we evaluate the applicability of one such dimensionality reduction method, the quasi-steady state approximation (QSSA) [L. Menten and M. Michaelis, "Die kinetik der invertinwirkung," Biochem. Z 49, 333369 (1913)] for dimensionality reduction in case of stochastic dynamics. First, the applicability of QSSA approach is evaluated for a canonical system of enzyme reactions. Application of QSSA to such a reaction system in a deterministic setting leads to Michaelis-Menten reduced kinetics which can be used to derive the equilibrium concentrations of the reaction species. In the case of stochastic simulations, however, the steady state is characterized by fluctuations around the mean equilibrium concentration. Our analysis shows that a QSSA based approach for dimensionality reduction captures well the mean of the distribution as obtained from a full dimensional simulation but fails to accurately capture the distribution around that mean. Moreover, the QSSA approximation is not unique. We have then extended the analysis to a simple bistable biochemical network model proposed to account for the stability of synaptic efficacies; the substrate of learning and memory [J. E. Lisman, "A mechanism of memory storage insensitive to molecular turnover: A bistable autophosphorylating kinase," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 3055-3057 (1985)], 10.1073/pnas.82.9.3055. Our analysis shows that a QSSA based dimensionality reduction method results in errors as big as two orders of magnitude in predicting the residence times in the two stable states.
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Metadynamics in the conformational space nonlinearly dimensionally reduced by Isomap
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Spiwok, Vojtěch; Králová, Blanka
2011-12-01
Atomic motions in molecules are not linear. This infers that nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods can outperform linear ones in analysis of collective atomic motions. In addition, nonlinear collective motions can be used as potentially efficient guides for biased simulation techniques. Here we present a simulation with a bias potential acting in the directions of collective motions determined by a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method. Ad hoc generated conformations of trans,trans-1,2,4-trifluorocyclooctane were analyzed by Isomap method to map these 72-dimensional coordinates to three dimensions, as described by Brown and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 064118 (2008)]. Metadynamics employing the three-dimensional embeddings as collective variables was applied to explore all relevant conformations of the studied system and to calculate its conformational free energy surface. The method sampled all relevant conformations (boat, boat-chair, and crown) and corresponding transition structures inaccessible by an unbiased simulation. This scheme allows to use essentially any parameter of the system as a collective variable in biased simulations. Moreover, the scheme we used for mapping out-of-sample conformations from the 72D to 3D space can be used as a general purpose mapping for dimensionality reduction, beyond the context of molecular modeling.
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N-Dimensional LLL Reduction Algorithm with Pivoted Reflection
Deng, Zhongliang; Zhu, Di
2018-01-01
The Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász (LLL) lattice reduction algorithm and many of its variants have been widely used by cryptography, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems and carrier phase positioning in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to solve the integer least squares (ILS) problem. In this paper, we propose an n-dimensional LLL reduction algorithm (n-LLL), expanding the Lovász condition in LLL algorithm to n-dimensional space in order to obtain a further reduced basis. We also introduce pivoted Householder reflection into the algorithm to optimize the reduction time. For an m-order positive definite matrix, analysis shows that the n-LLL reduction algorithm will converge within finite steps and always produce better results than the original LLL reduction algorithm with n > 2. The simulations clearly prove that n-LLL is better than the original LLL in reducing the condition number of an ill-conditioned input matrix with 39% improvement on average for typical cases, which can significantly reduce the searching space for solving ILS problem. The simulation results also show that the pivoted reflection has significantly declined the number of swaps in the algorithm by 57%, making n-LLL a more practical reduction algorithm. PMID:29351224
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VizieR Online Data Catalog: SDSS DR7 white dwarf catalog (Kleinman+, 2013)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kleinman, S. J.; Kepler, S. O.; Koester, D.; Pelisoli, I.; Pecanha, V.; Nitta, A.; Costa, J. E. S.; Krzesinski, J.; Dufour, P.; Lachapelle, F.-R.; Bergeron, P.; Yip, C.-W.; Harris, H. C.; Eisenstein, D. J.; Althaus, L.; Corsico, A.
2013-01-01
Here, we report on the white dwarf catalog built from the SDSS DR7 (Cat. II/294). We have applied automated techniques supplemented by complete, consistent human identifications of each candidate white dwarf spectrum. We make use of the latest SDSS reductions and white dwarf model atmosphere improvements in our spectral fits, providing logg and Teff determinations for each identified clean DA and DB where we use the word "clean" to identify spectra that show only features of non-magnetic, nonmixed, DA or DB stars. Our catalog includes all white dwarf stars from the earlier Kleinman et al. (2004, Cat. J/ApJ/607/426) and Eisenstein et al. (2006, Cat. J/ApJS/167/40) catalogs, although occasionally with different identifications. (1 data file).
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The trigeminocardiac reflex – a comparison with the diving reflex in humans
Lemaitre, Frederic; Schaller, Bernhard
2015-01-01
The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) has previously been described in the literature as a reflexive response of bradycardia, hypotension, and gastric hypermotility seen upon mechanical stimulation in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. The diving reflex (DR) in humans is characterized by breath-holding, slowing of the heart rate, reduction of limb blood flow and a gradual rise in the mean arterial blood pressure. Although the two reflexes share many similarities, their relationship and especially their functional purpose in humans have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present review, we have tried to integrate and elaborate these two phenomena into a unified physiological concept. Assuming that the TCR and the DR are closely linked functionally and phylogenetically, we have also highlighted the significance of these reflexes in humans. PMID:25995761
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Magnetic Tissue Engineering for Voice Rehabilitation - First Steps in a Promising Field.
Dürr, Stephan; Bohr, Christopher; Pöttler, Marina; Lyer, Stefan; Friedrich, Ralf Philipp; Tietze, Rainer; Döllinger, Michael; Alexiou, Christoph; Janko, Christina
2016-06-01
The voice is one of the most important instruments of communication between humans. It is the product of intact and well-working vocal folds. A defect of these structures causes dysphonia, associated with a clear reduction of quality of life. Tissue engineering of the vocal folds utilizing magnetic cell levitation after nanoparticle loading might be a technique to overcome this challenging problem. Vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) were isolated from rabbit larynges and cultured. For magnetization, cells were incubated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and the loading efficiency was determined by Prussian blue staining. Biocompatibility was analyzed in flow cytometry by staining with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate propidium iodide, 1,1',3,3,3',3'-hexamethylindodicarbo-cyanine iodide [DiIC1(5)] and propidium idodide-Triton X-100 to monitor phosphatidylserine exposure, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA degradation. Isolated VFFs can be successfully loaded with SPION, and optimal iron loading associated with minimized cytotoxicity represents a balancing act in magnetic tissue engineering. Our data are a firm basis for the next steps of investigations. Magnetic tissue engineering using magnetic nanoparticle-loaded cells which form three-dimensional structures in a magnetic field will be a promising approach in the future. Copyright© 2016 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.
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EMRS Spring Meeting 2014 Symposium D: Phonons and fluctuations in low dimensional structures
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2014-11-01
The E-MRS 2014 Spring meeting, held from 26-30th May 2014 in Lille included the Symposium D entitled ''Phonons and Fluctuations in Low Dimensional Structures'', the first edition of its kind. The symposium was organised in response to the increasing interest in the study of phonons in the context of advances in condensed matter physics, electronics, experimental methods and theory and, in particular, the transfer of energy across atomic interfaces and the propagation of energy in the nm-scale. Steering heat by light or vice versa and examining nano-scale energy conversion (as in thermoelectricity and harvesting e.g. in biological systems) are two aspects that share the underlying science of energy processes across atomic interfaces and energy propagation in the nanoscale and or in confined systems. The nanometer scale defies several of the bulk relationships as confinement of electrons and phonons, locality and non-equilibrium become increasingly important. The propagation of phonons as energy carriers impacts not only heat transfer, but also the very concept and handling of temperature in non-equilibrium and highly localised conditions. Much of the needed progress depends on the materials studied and this symposium targeted the interface material aspects as well as the emerging concepts to advance in this field. The symposium had its origins in a series of meetings and seminars including: (1) the first Phonon Engineering Workshop, funded by Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), the then MICINN, the CNRS, VTT, and several EU projects, held in Saint Feliu de Guixols (Girona, Spain) from 24th to 27th of May 2010 with 65 participants from Europe, the USA and Japan; (2) the first Phonons and Fluctuations workshop, held in Paris on 8th and 9th November 2010, supported by French, Spanish and Finnish national projects and EU projects, attended by about 50 researchers; (3) the second Phonon and Fluctuations workshop, held in Paris on 8th and 9th September 2011, attended by 55 researchers and (4) the 3rd Workshop on Phonons & Fluctuations, held in Saint Feliux de Guixols (Girona, Spain) during 21 to 24th May 2012 attended by 65 participants from Europe and the USA. These papers in this proceeding are examples of the work presented at the symposium. They represent the tip of the iceberg, as the symposium attracted over 100 abstracts. The meeting room was usually full with an audience varying between 40 and 100 participants. The plenary presentation was given by Prof. Gang Chen (MIT) on ''Ballistic and Coherent Phonon Heat Conduction in Bulk Materials and Nanostructures'', which was warmly welcome by an eager and highly motivated audience. The invited speakers were: Prof. Thomas Dehoux (U. Bordeaux), Dr S. Chung (U. New South Wales, Australia), Prof. A. Goni (CSIC-ICMAB), Prof. Giuliano Benenti (U. Insubria), Dr. Davide Donadio (Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz), Prof. George Fytas (University of Crete), Prof. Dr. Tobias Kippenberg (EPFL, Switzerland), Prof. Bernard Perrin (INSP, Paris), Prof. Gyaneshwar P. Srivastava, U. Exeter) and Prof. Dr. Achim Kittel (U. Oldenburg). The organisers are very grateful to them for supporting the symposium and sharing their latest research results with the symposium participants. The symposium organisers recognised the participation of students and awarded prizes to the two Best Student Presentations, which went to Valeria Lacatena (IEMN, Lille) with an invited presentation entitled ''Efficient reduction of thermal conductivity in silicon using phononic-engineered membranes'' and to Yan Qing Liu (Institute Neel, Grenoble) who presented the talk entitled ''Sensitive 3-omega measurements of epitaxial thermoelectric thin films''. The poster session had about fifty posters and the four best poster prizes went to: Konstanze Hahn et al. (U. Cagliari) poster title ''Determination of Thermal conductivity in (nanostructured) SiGe materials'', Florian Doehring et al. (U. Goettingen) poster title ''Phonon blocking in Multilayers produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition'', Jordi Gomis-Bresco et al. (ICN2) poster '' A 1D PhoXonic Crystal'', Barcelona and Benjamin J Robinson et al. (U. Lancaster) poster ''Scanning Thermal microscopy studies of 2D materials''. The symposium organisers are grateful to the Scientific Committee members, Prof. Bahram Djafari-Rouhani (France), Prof. Dr. Thomas Dekorsy (Germany), Prof. Anthony Kent (UK), Prof. Fabio Marchesoni (Italy), Dr. Natalio Mingo (France), Prof. Pascal Ruello, (France) and Prof. Javier Viejo-Rodriguez (Spain), for their help with all aspects of evaluation of the scientific level of the presentations in the symposium. The symposium was sponsored by the FP7 ICT FET Open Coordination Action EUPHONON (GA. 612086) and by the CNRS GDR ''Thermal Nanosciences and NanoEngineering''. The symposium organisers express their sincere thanks to the staff of the E-MRS for continuous support and timely advice in all organisational aspects. We are indebted to Dr. Erwan Guillotel (ICN2) for his assistance with the organisation of the symposium.
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A reduction for spiking integrate-and-fire network dynamics ranging from homogeneity to synchrony.
Zhang, J W; Rangan, A V
2015-04-01
In this paper we provide a general methodology for systematically reducing the dynamics of a class of integrate-and-fire networks down to an augmented 4-dimensional system of ordinary-differential-equations. The class of integrate-and-fire networks we focus on are homogeneously-structured, strongly coupled, and fluctuation-driven. Our reduction succeeds where most current firing-rate and population-dynamics models fail because we account for the emergence of 'multiple-firing-events' involving the semi-synchronous firing of many neurons. These multiple-firing-events are largely responsible for the fluctuations generated by the network and, as a result, our reduction faithfully describes many dynamic regimes ranging from homogeneous to synchronous. Our reduction is based on first principles, and provides an analyzable link between the integrate-and-fire network parameters and the relatively low-dimensional dynamics underlying the 4-dimensional augmented ODE.
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Nachman, Sharon; Zheng, Nan; Acosta, Edward P.; Teppler, Hedy; Homony, Brenda; Graham, Bobbie; Fenton, Terence; Xu, Xia; Wenning, Larissa; Spector, Stephen A.; Frenkel, Lisa M.; Alvero, Carmelita; Worrell, Carol; Handelsman, Edward; Wiznia, Andrew; Moultrie, Harry; Kindra, Gurpreet; Sanders, Margaret Ann; Williams, Ruth; Jensen, Jennifer; Acevedo, Midnela; Fabregas, Lizbeth; Jurgrau, Andrea; Foca, Marc; Higgins, Alice; Deville, Jaime G.; Nielsen-Saines, Karin; Carter, Michele F.; Swetnam, John; Wilson, Joan; Donnelly, Margaret; Akleh, Siham; Rigaud, Mona; Kaul, Aditya; Patel, Nehali; Gaur, Aditya; Utech, L. Jill; Cardoso, Edmundo; Moreira, Ana Maria; Santos, Breno; Bobat, Raziya; Mngqibisa, Rosie; Burey, Marlene; Abadi, Jacob; Rosenberg, Michael; Luzuriaga, Katherine; Picard, Donna; Pagano-Therrien, Jessica; Dittmer, Sylvia; Ndiweni, Hilda Ntatule; Patel, Amisha; DelRey, Michelle; McMullen-Jackson, Chivon; Paul, Mary E.; Melvin, Ann; Venema-Weiss, Corry; Lane, Jenna; Beneri, Christy; Ferraro, Denise; Infanzon, Erin; McAuley, James B; Aziz, Mariam; McNichols, Maureen; Pelton, Stephen; McLaud, Deb; Clarke, Diana; Zeichner, Steven; Akar, Arezou; Thompson, Deidre; Douglas, Steven D.; Rutstein, Richard M.; Vincent, Carol A.; Vachon, Mary Elizabeth; Cavallo, Martha; Purswani, Murli Udharam; Masheto, Gaerolwe; Ogwu, Anthony; Kakhu, Tebogo; Viani, Rolando M.; Darcey, Anita,; Norris, Kimberly; Burchett, Sandra K.; Kneut, Catherine; Karthas, Nancy; Casey, Denise; Emmanuel, Patricia; Lujan-Zilbermann, Jorge; Rana, Sohail; Houston, Patricia; Mengistab, Mulu; Rathore, Mobeen; Mirza, Ayesha; Gayton, Tabetha; Barr, Emily; Dunn, Jennifer; Hahn, Kerry; Eysallenne, Zulma; Howard, F. Sholar; Graham, Kathleen; Negra, Marinella Della; Queiroz, Wladimir; Lian, Yu Ching; Wara, Diane; Ruel, Ted; VanDyke, Russell; Reilly, Patricia; Bradford, Sheila; van Rensburg, Anita Janse; Dobbels, Els; Bester, Marietjie; Bamji, Mahrukh; Paul, Santa; Sarza, Mirala; Kovacs, Andrea; Homans, James; Spencer, LaShonda; Hofer, Cristna; Abreu, Thalita; Oliveira, Ricardo; Joao, Esau C.; Pinto, Jorge; Ferreira, Flavia; Kakehasi, Fabiana; Cervi, Maria Celia; Isaac, Marcia De Lima; Losso, Marcelo H.; Stankievich, Erica; Foradori, Irene; Tucker, Diane; Church, Joseph; Belzer, Marvin; Hopkins, Johns; Ellen, Jonathan; Agwu, Allison; Laurel, Borkovic
2014-01-01
Background. IMPAACT P1066 is a phase I/II open-label multicenter trial to evaluate pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and efficacy of multiple raltegravir formulations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected youth. Methods. Dose selection for each cohort (I: 12 to <19 years; II: 6 to <12 years; and III: 2 to <6 years) was based on review of short-term safety (4 weeks) and intensive pharmacokinetic evaluation. Safety data through weeks 24 and 48, and grade ≥3 or serious adverse events (AEs) were assessed. The primary virologic endpoint was achieving HIV RNA <400 copies/mL or ≥1 log10 reduction between baseline and week 24. Results. The targeted pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-12h and C12h) were achieved for each cohort, allowing dose selection for 2 formulations. Of 96 final dose subjects, there were 15 subjects with grade 3 or higher clinical AEs (1 subject with drug-related [DR] psychomotor hyperactivity and insomnia); 16 subjects with grade 3 or higher laboratory AEs (1 with DR transaminase elevation); 14 subjects with serious clinical AEs (1 with DR rash); and 1 subjects with serious laboratory AEs (1 with DR transaminase increased). There were no discontinuations due to AEs and no DR deaths. Favorable virologic responses at week 48 were observed in 79.1% of patients, with a mean CD4 increase of 156 cells/µL (4.6%). Conclusions. Raltegravir as a film-coated tablet 400 mg twice daily (6 to <19 years, and ≥25 kg) and chewable tablet 6 mg/kg (maximum dose 300 mg) twice daily (2 to <12 years) was well tolerated and showed favorable virologic and immunologic responses. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00485264. PMID:24145879
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Roger M. Rowell; Rebecca E. Ibach; James McSweeny; Thomas Nilsson
2009-01-01
Reductions in hygroscopicity, increased dimensional stability and decay resistance of heat-treated wood depend on decomposition of a large portion of the hemicelluloses in the wood cell wall. In theory, these hemicelluloses are converted to small organic molecules, water and volatile furan-type intermediates that can polymerize in the cell wall. Reductions in...
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2015-03-26
A photon sieve is a lightweight diffractive optic which can be useful for space - based imaging applications. It is limited by chromatic...would also like to thank my sponsor, Dr. Matthew G. McHarg from the Space Physics and Atmospheric Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, as...Page 21. Radial Hole Spacing
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Green, L W
1997-01-01
In this issue (see pages 187 to 191) Dr. Vivian H. Hamilton and associates demonstrate that tax reductions introduced in 5 Canadian provinces in 1994 slowed the rate of decline in cigarette consumption in those jurisdictions. Although both reductions and increases in taxation have been shown to influence tobacco consumption, changes in smoking habits must also be understood in the context of battles being waged on other fronts in the tobacco wars. In addition, more finely detailed analyses are needed to determine the impact of taxation and other factors on the smoking habits of specific subgroups of the population, particularly teenagers. PMID:9012722
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An extensive photometric catalogue of CALIFA galaxies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gilhuly, Colleen; Courteau, Stéphane
2018-06-01
We present an extensive compendium of photometrically determined structural properties for all Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field spectroscopy Area (CALIFA) galaxies in the third data release (DR3). We exploit Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images in order to extract one-dimensional (1D) gri surface brightness profiles for all CALIFA DR3 galaxies. We also derive a variety of non-parametric quantities and parametric models fitted to 1D i-band profiles. The galaxy images are decomposed using the 2D bulge-disc decomposition programs IMFIT and GALFIT. The relative performance and merit of our 1D and 2D modelling approaches are assessed. Where possible, we compare and augment our photometry with existing measurements from the literature. Close agreement is generally found with the studies of Walcher et al. and Méndez-Abreu et al., though some significant differences exist. Various structural metrics are also highlighted on account of their tight dispersion against an independent variable, such as the circular velocity.
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Iwasaki, Hotsumi; Nakamura, Madoka; Komatsubara, Nozomu; Okano, Makoto; Nakasako, Masayoshi; Sato, Harumi; Watanabe, Shinichi
2017-07-20
We report a correlation between the dielectric property and structure of stretched poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films, revealed by polarization-sensitive terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and two-dimensional (2D) wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The experiments evidence that the dielectric function of the PLA film becomes more anisotropic with increasing draw ratio (DR). This behavior is explained by a classical Lorentz oscillator model assuming polarization-dependent absorption. The birefringence can be systematically altered from 0 to 0.13 by controlling DR. The combination of terahertz spectroscopy and 2D WAXS measurement reveals a clear correlation between the birefringence in the terahertz frequency domain and the degree of orientation of the PLA molecular chains. These findings imply that the birefringence is a result of the orientation of the PLA chains with anisotropic macromolecular vibration modes. Because of a good controllability of the birefringence, polymer-based materials will provide an attractive materials system for phase retarders in the terahertz frequency range.
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A comparative study of the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bai, X.; Deng, X.-L.; Jiang, L.
2018-07-01
In this work, the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is studied numerically to find a reasonable nonlinear theoretical model which can be applied to predict the interface evolution from the linear stage to the early nonlinear stage. The cut-cell-based sharp-interface methods MuSiC+ (Chang et al. in J Comput Phys 242:946-990, 2013) and CCGF (Bai and Deng in Adv Appl Math Mech 9(5):1052-1075, 2017) are applied to generate numerical results for comparisons. Classical Air-SF6 and Air-Helium conditions are applied in this study, and initial amplitude and Atwood number are varied for comparison. Comparisons to the simulation results from the literature show the applicability of MuSiC+ and CCGF. Comparisons to the nonlinear theoretical models show that ZS (Zhang and Sohn in Phys Lett A 212:149-155, 1996; Phys Fluids 9:1106-1124, 1997), SEA (Sadot et al. in Phys Rev Lett 80:1654-1657, 1998), and DR (Dimonte and Ramaprabhu in Phys Fluids 22:014104, 2010) models are valid for both spike and bubble growth rates, and MIK (Mikaelian in Phys Rev E 67:026319, 2003) and ZG (Zhang and Guo in J Fluid Mech 786:47-61, 2016) models are valid for bubble growth rate, when the initial perturbation is small and the Atwood number is low, but only the DR model is applicable for both spike and bubble growth rates when the initial perturbation amplitude and the Atwood number are large. A new term of non-dimensional initial perturbation amplitude is presented and multiplied to the DR model to get a unified fitted DR model, which gives consistent results to the simulation ones for small and large initial amplitudes.
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A comparative study of the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bai, X.; Deng, X.-L.; Jiang, L.
2017-11-01
In this work, the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is studied numerically to find a reasonable nonlinear theoretical model which can be applied to predict the interface evolution from the linear stage to the early nonlinear stage. The cut-cell-based sharp-interface methods MuSiC+ (Chang et al. in J Comput Phys 242:946-990, 2013) and CCGF (Bai and Deng in Adv Appl Math Mech 9(5):1052-1075, 2017) are applied to generate numerical results for comparisons. Classical Air-SF6 and Air-Helium conditions are applied in this study, and initial amplitude and Atwood number are varied for comparison. Comparisons to the simulation results from the literature show the applicability of MuSiC+ and CCGF. Comparisons to the nonlinear theoretical models show that ZS (Zhang and Sohn in Phys Lett A 212:149-155, 1996; Phys Fluids 9:1106-1124, 1997), SEA (Sadot et al. in Phys Rev Lett 80:1654-1657, 1998), and DR (Dimonte and Ramaprabhu in Phys Fluids 22:014104, 2010) models are valid for both spike and bubble growth rates, and MIK (Mikaelian in Phys Rev E 67:026319, 2003) and ZG (Zhang and Guo in J Fluid Mech 786:47-61, 2016) models are valid for bubble growth rate, when the initial perturbation is small and the Atwood number is low, but only the DR model is applicable for both spike and bubble growth rates when the initial perturbation amplitude and the Atwood number are large. A new term of non-dimensional initial perturbation amplitude is presented and multiplied to the DR model to get a unified fitted DR model, which gives consistent results to the simulation ones for small and large initial amplitudes.
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Reproducibility and Prognosis of Quantitative Features Extracted from CT Images12
Balagurunathan, Yoganand; Gu, Yuhua; Wang, Hua; Kumar, Virendra; Grove, Olya; Hawkins, Sam; Kim, Jongphil; Goldgof, Dmitry B; Hall, Lawrence O; Gatenby, Robert A; Gillies, Robert J
2014-01-01
We study the reproducibility of quantitative imaging features that are used to describe tumor shape, size, and texture from computed tomography (CT) scans of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CT images are dependent on various scanning factors. We focus on characterizing image features that are reproducible in the presence of variations due to patient factors and segmentation methods. Thirty-two NSCLC nonenhanced lung CT scans were obtained from the Reference Image Database to Evaluate Response data set. The tumors were segmented using both manual (radiologist expert) and ensemble (software-automated) methods. A set of features (219 three-dimensional and 110 two-dimensional) was computed, and quantitative image features were statistically filtered to identify a subset of reproducible and nonredundant features. The variability in the repeated experiment was measured by the test-retest concordance correlation coefficient (CCCTreT). The natural range in the features, normalized to variance, was measured by the dynamic range (DR). In this study, there were 29 features across segmentation methods found with CCCTreT and DR ≥ 0.9 and R2Bet ≥ 0.95. These reproducible features were tested for predicting radiologist prognostic score; some texture features (run-length and Laws kernels) had an area under the curve of 0.9. The representative features were tested for their prognostic capabilities using an independent NSCLC data set (59 lung adenocarcinomas), where one of the texture features, run-length gray-level nonuniformity, was statistically significant in separating the samples into survival groups (P ≤ .046). PMID:24772210
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sreenilayam, S. P.; Rodriguez-Lojo, D.; Agra-Kooijman, D. M.; Vij, J. K.; Panov, V. P.; Panov, A.; Fisch, M. R.; Kumar, Satyendra; Stevenson, P. J.
2018-02-01
New chiral de Vries smectic liquid-crystalline compounds are designed, synthesized, and investigated for perspective applications in defect-free bistable surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid-crystal displays. In these compounds, a 5-phenyl-pyrimidine benzoate core is terminated on one side by a tri- or tetra-carbosilane group linked through an alkoxy group and an alkyl spacer and on the opposite side terminated by a chiral 2-octanol group. The stereogenic center contains either a methyl or perfluoromethyl functional group. These compounds exhibit Iso-Sm A*-Sm C*-Sm X -Cr phases under cooling from the isotropic state. Measurements of the temperature-dependent smectic layer spacing by x-ray diffraction experiments combined with the measured apparent optical tilt angle and the birefringence reveal that Sm A* phase in these compounds is of the de Vries type. In addition, the chiral compound with a tetra-carbosilane backbone, DR277, exhibits good de Vries properties with the Sm C* phase exhibited over a wide temperature range. By varying the carbosilane end group, the de Vries properties are enhanced, that is, the layer shrinkage of ˜1.9 % for the tri-carbosilane DR276 is reduced to ˜0.9 % for tetra-carbosilane DR277 at 10°C below Sm A* to Sm C* transition temperature, TAC. For DR277, the reduction factor R ≈0.22 for T =(TAC-10 )°C is reasonably low and the apparent optical tilt angle θapp=35.1°, hence this compound is a "good de Vries smectic" LC. Therefore, synthesis of the chiral mesogen with an even higher number of carbosilane groups may lead to a further reduction or even zero-layer shrinkage exhibited at TAC with Sm C* phase extending over a wide temperature range close to the room temperature for perspective suitability in device applications. Our results for 5-phenyl-pyrimidine benzoate core-based compounds support a recently drawn conclusion by Schubert et al. [J. Mater. Chem. C 4, 8483 (2016), 10.1039/C6TC03120J] from a different compound, namely that a carbosilane backbone in chiral mesogens strongly influences the de Vries properties.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ye, Fei; Marchetti, P. A.; Su, Z. B.; Yu, L.
2017-09-01
The relation between braid and exclusion statistics is examined in one-dimensional systems, within the framework of Chern-Simons statistical transmutation in gauge invariant form with an appropriate dimensional reduction. If the matter action is anomalous, as for chiral fermions, a relation between braid and exclusion statistics can be established explicitly for both mutual and nonmutual cases. However, if it is not anomalous, the exclusion statistics of emergent low energy excitations is not necessarily connected to the braid statistics of the physical charged fields of the system. Finally, we also discuss the bosonization of one-dimensional anyonic systems through T-duality. Dedicated to the memory of Mario Tonin.
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Processing and Distribution of STO2 Data
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Goldsmith, Paul
We propose in this ADAP to reduce the data obtained in the December 2016 flight of the STO2 Antarctic Balloon observatory. In just over 20 days of taking data, STO2 observed over 2.5 square degrees of the inner Milky Way in the 1900 GHz (158 m) fine structure line of ionized carbon ([CII]). This includes over 320,000 spectra with velocity resolution of 0.16 km/s and angular resolution 1 . In common with the higher bands of the Herschel HIFI instrument that also employed hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, there are significant baseline issues with the data that make reduction a significant challenge. Due to the year’s postponement of STO2 launch due to weather in 2015/16 season, funds for data analysis were largely redirected to support the team who enabled the successful launch and flight. A supplementary focused effort is thus needed to make STO2 data readily usable by the astronomical community, which is what we propose here. This ADAP will be a two-year program, including the following steps:: (1) Refine and optimize algorithms for excision of bad channels, correction for receiver gain changes, removal of variable bad baselines, final baseline adjustment, and verification of calibration. (2) Develop and integrated pipeline incorporating the optimized algorithms; process entire STO2 data set using the pipeline, and make an initial release of the data (DR1) to the public. (3) Refine data calibration including ancillary data sets coincident with the STO2 fields, make the data VO-compliant. (4) Write documentation for the pipeline and publish in appropriate journal; release final second data release (DR2) to the public, and hand off to permanent data repositories the NASA/IPAC IRSA database and the Harvard University Dataverse, and Cyverse, led by the University of Arizona. Members of the STO2 data reduction team have extensive experience with HIFI data, and particularly with the HEB fine structure spectra. We are thus confident that we can build on this experience, and preliminary steps already taken suggest that there is a clear path forward to obtaining well-calibrated data from STO2 that will be of enormous interest to the scientific community. The experience gained in careful and thorough reduction of the STO2 data will have a very positive impact on system and software design for GUSTO, a more capable follow-on Mission of Opportunity, just selected to fly in December 2021. The work will be coordinated and managed by Paul Goldsmith, the PI. Key individuals supported by this ADAP who will be implementing the software routines and developing the pipeline are STO2 Science Team members Dr. Volker Tolls (Center for Astrophysics), Dr. Youngmin Seo (JPL), Dr. Jorge Pineda (JPL). They will be supported by Dr. Craig Kulesa the STO2 Deputy PI (Arizona), Dr. Gary Melnick (CfA), and Dr. Russ Shipman (SRON). Graduate students at different institutions will also be involved. Work will be coordinated by use of appropriate tools such as Google Hangouts, telecoms, and face-to-face meetings. The STO2 data represent the first large-scale velocity-resolved images of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the inner portion of the Milky Way, including many regions with extensive high-mass star formation (such as Eta Carina), as well as more quiescent regions. It will thus be used for many studies of molecular cloud structure and evolution, disentangling complex stages in the life cycle of the ISM. Data will be compared with spectral line images of CO and HI, as well as of radio recombination lines, to assess the relationship of the [CII] emission to molecular, atomic, and ionized components of the ISM. Comparison with Herschel HiGal images of dust emission and determination of the [CII] emission to total gas column will be another rich area enabled by the work to be carried out as part of this ADAP. The STO2 data directly support the NASA Strategic Goal discovering how the universe works.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Kuo, P.-L.; Chen, C.-Y.; Tzeng, T.-F.
2008-06-01
The anticancer effects of kotomolide A (KTA), a new butanolide constituent isolated from the leaves of Cinnamomum kotoense (Lauraceae), on the two human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, were first investigated in our study. KTA exhibited selectively antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines without showing any toxicity in normal mammary epithelial cells. Treatment of cancer cells with KTA to trigger G2/M phase arrest was associated with increased p21/WAF1 levels and reduced amounts of cyclin A, cyclin B1, cdc2 and cdc25C. KTA induced cancer cell death treatment by triggering mitochondrial and death receptor 5 (DR5) apoptotic pathways, but didmore » not act on the Fas receptor. Exposure of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells to KTA resulted in cellular glutathione reduction and ROS generation, accompanied by JNK activation and apoptosis. Both antioxidants, NAC and catalase, significantly decreased apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK and subsequently triggering DR5 cell death pathways. The reduction of JNK expression by siRNA decreased KTA-mediated Bim cleavage, DR5 upregulation and apoptosis. Furthermore, daily KTA i.p. injections in nude mice with MDA-MB-231 s.c. tumors resulted in a 50% decrease of mean tumor volume, compared with vehicle-treated controls. Taken together, the data show that cell death of breast cancer cells in response to KTA is dependent upon ROS generation and JNK activation, triggering intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. The ROS/JNK pathway could be a useful target for novel approaches in breast cancer chemotherapy.« less
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Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Demand Response Resources
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Mathieu, Johanna L.
2012-05-01
While the traditional goal of an electric power system has been to control supply to fulfill demand, the demand-side can plan an active role in power systems via Demand Response (DR), defined by the Department of Energy (DOE) as “a tariff or program established to motivate changes in electric use by end-use customers in response to changes in the price of electricity over time, or to give incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use at times of high market prices or when grid reliability is jeopardized” [29]. DR can provide a variety of benefits including reducing peak electric loadsmore » when the power system is stressed and fast timescale energy balancing. Therefore, DR can improve grid reliability and reduce wholesale energy prices and their volatility. This dissertation focuses on analyzing both recent and emerging DR paradigms. Recent DR programs have focused on peak load reduction in commercial buildings and industrial facilities (C&I facilities). We present methods for using 15-minute-interval electric load data, commonly available from C&I facilities, to help building managers understand building energy consumption and ‘ask the right questions’ to discover opportunities for DR. Additionally, we present a regression-based model of whole building electric load, i.e., a baseline model, which allows us to quantify DR performance. We use this baseline model to understand the performance of 38 C&I facilities participating in an automated dynamic pricing DR program in California. In this program, facilities are expected to exhibit the same response each DR event. We find that baseline model error makes it difficult to precisely quantify changes in electricity consumption and understand if C&I facilities exhibit event-to-event variability in their response to DR signals. Therefore, we present a method to compute baseline model error and a metric to determine how much observed DR variability results from baseline model error rather than real variability in response. We find that, in general, baseline model error is large. Though some facilities exhibit real DR variability, most observed variability results from baseline model error. In some cases, however, aggregations of C&I facilities exhibit real DR variability, which could create challenges for power system operation. These results have implications for DR program design and deployment. Emerging DR paradigms focus on faster timescale DR. Here, we investigate methods to coordinate aggregations of residential thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), including air conditioners and refrigerators, to manage frequency and energy imbalances in power systems. We focus on opportunities to centrally control loads with high accuracy but low requirements for sensing and communications infrastructure. Specifically, we compare cases when measured load state information (e.g., power consumption and temperature) is 1) available in real time; 2) available, but not in real time; and 3) not available. We develop Markov Chain models to describe the temperature state evolution of heterogeneous populations of TCLs, and use Kalman filtering for both state and joint parameter/state estimation. We present a look-ahead proportional controller to broadcast control signals to all TCLs, which always remain in their temperature dead-band. Simulations indicate that it is possible to achieve power tracking RMS errors in the range of 0.26–9.3% of steady state aggregated power consumption. Results depend upon the information available for system identification, state estimation, and control. We find that, depending upon the performance required, TCLs may not need to provide state information to the central controller in real time or at all. We also estimate the size of the TCL potential resource; potential revenue from participation in markets; and break-even costs associated with deploying DR-enabling technologies. We find that current TCL energy storage capacity in California is 8–11 GWh, with refrigerators contributing the most. Annual revenues from participation in regulation vary from $10 to $220 per TCL per year depending upon the type of TCL and climate zone, while load following and arbitrage revenues are more modest at $2 to $35 per TCL per year. These results lead to a number of policy recommendations that will make it easier to engage residential loads in fast timescale DR.« less
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VizieR Online Data Catalog: VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey DR1 (Saito+, 2012)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Saito, R. K.; Hempel, M.; Minniti, D.; Lucas, P. W.; Rejkuba, M.; Toledo, I.; Gonzalez, O. A.; Alonso-Garcia, J.; Irwin, M. J.; Gonzalez-Solares, E.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Lewis, J. R.; Cross, N.; Ivanov, V. D.; Kerins, E.; Emerson, J. P.; Soto, M.; Amores, E. B.; Gurovich, S.; Dekany, I.; Angeloni, R.; Beamin, J. C.; Catelan, M.; Padilla, N.; Zoccali, M.; Pietrukowicz, P.; Moni Bidin, C.; Mauro, F.; Geisler, D.; Folkes, S. L.; Sale, S. E.; Borissova, J.; Kurtev, R.; Ahumada, A. V.; Alonso, M. V.; Adamson, A.; Arias, J. I.; Bandyopadhyay, R. M.; Barba, R. H.; Barbuy, B.; Baume, G. L.; Bedin, L. R.; Bellini, A.; Benjamin, R.; Bica, E.; Bonatto, C.; Bronfman, L.; Carraro, G.; Chene, A. N.; Claria, J. J.; Clarke, J. R. A.; Contreras, C.; Corvillon, A.; de Grijs, R.; Dias, B.; Drew, J. E.; Farina, C.; Feinstein, C.; Fernandez-Lajus, E.; Gamen, R. C.; Gieren, W.; Goldman, B.; Gonzalez-Fernandez, C.; Grand, R. J. J.; Gunthardt, G.; Hambly, N. C.; Hanson, M. M.; Helminiak, K. G.; Hoare, M. G.; Huckvale, L.; Jordan, A.; Kinemuchi, K.; Longmore, A.; Lopez-Corredoira, M.; Maccarone, T.; Maja! Ess, D.; M Artin, E. L.; Masetti, N.; Mennickent, R. E.; Mirabel, I. F.; Monaco, L.; Morelli, L.; Motta, V.; Palma, T.; Parisi, M. C.; Parker, Q.; Penaloza, F.; Pietrzynski, G.; Pignata, G.; Popescu, B.; Read, M. A.; Rojas, A.; Roman-Lopes, A.; Ruiz, M. T.; Saviane, I.; Schreiber, M. R.; Schroeder, A. C.; Sharma, S.; Smith, M. D.; Sodre, L. Jr; Stead, J.; Stephens, A. W.; Tamura, M.; Tappert, C.; Thompson, M. A.; Valenti, E.; Vanzi, L.; Walton, N. A.; Weidmann, W.; Zijlstra, A.
2015-01-01
The VVV survey targets the galactic bulge and a piece of the adjacent plane in Z, Y, J, H, and Ks. The total area of this survey is 520 square degrees and contains 355 open and 33 globular clusters. The VVV is multi-epoch in nature in order to detect a large number of variable objects and will provide > 100 carefully spaced observations for each tile. 5-sigma detection limits are Z=21.9, Y=21.2, J=20.2, H=18.2, Ks=18.1. These will be used to create a 3-dimensional map of the Bulge from well-understood distance indicators such as RR Lyrae stars. Other science drivers include the ages of stellar populations, globular cluster evolution, as well as the stellar initial mass function. The VVV Survey data delivered in this part of ESO Data Release 1 (DR1) includes the VISTA/VIRCAM paw-print and tile images that were acquired until September 30, 2010, and processed by the Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit (CASU). This VVV_CAT data release contains the single-epoch band-merged (Z,Y,J,H,Ks) catalogues associated with the VVV tile images that have already been released in the part of DR1 identified as VVV in the ESO archive. VVV_CAT contains 269 tile catalogues. (1 data file).
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Long, E O; Gross, N; Wake, C T; Mach, J P; Carrel, S; Accolla, R; Mach, B
1982-01-01
HLA-DR antigens are polymorphic cell surface glycoproteins, expressed primarily in B lymphocytes and macrophages, which are thought to play an important role in the immune response. Two polypeptide chains, alpha and beta, are associated at the cell surface, and a third chain associates with alpha and beta intracellularly. RNA isolated from the human B-cell line Raji was injected in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Immunoprecipitates of translation products with several monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of HLA-DR antigens similar to those synthesized in Raji cells. One monoclonal antibody was able to bind the beta chain after dissociation of the three polypeptide chains with detergent. The presence of all three chains was confirmed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The glycosylation pattern of the three chains was identical to that observed in vivo, as evidenced in studies using tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. The presence of alpha chains assembled with beta chains in equimolar ratio was further demonstrated by amino-terminal sequencing. An RNA fraction enriched for the three mRNAs, encoding alpha, beta, and intracellular chains, was isolated. This translation-assembly system and the availability of monoclonal antibodies make it possible to assay for mRNA encoding specific molecules among the multiple human Ia-like antigens. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. PMID:6821356
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aytaç Korkmaz, Sevcan; Binol, Hamidullah
2018-03-01
Patients who die from stomach cancer are still present. Early diagnosis is crucial in reducing the mortality rate of cancer patients. Therefore, computer aided methods have been developed for early detection in this article. Stomach cancer images were obtained from Fırat University Medical Faculty Pathology Department. The Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features of these images are calculated. At the same time, Sammon mapping, Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE), Isomap, Classical multidimensional scaling (MDS), Local Linear Embedding (LLE), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), and Laplacian Eigenmaps methods are used for dimensional the reduction of the features. The high dimension of these features has been reduced to lower dimensions using dimensional reduction methods. Artificial neural networks (ANN) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers were used to classify stomach cancer images with these new lower feature sizes. New medical systems have developed to measure the effects of these dimensions by obtaining features in different dimensional with dimensional reduction methods. When all the methods developed are compared, it has been found that the best accuracy results are obtained with LBP_MDS_ANN and LBP_LLE_ANN methods.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vrac, Mathieu
2018-06-01
Climate simulations often suffer from statistical biases with respect to observations or reanalyses. It is therefore common to correct (or adjust) those simulations before using them as inputs into impact models. However, most bias correction (BC) methods are univariate and so do not account for the statistical dependences linking the different locations and/or physical variables of interest. In addition, they are often deterministic, and stochasticity is frequently needed to investigate climate uncertainty and to add constrained randomness to climate simulations that do not possess a realistic variability. This study presents a multivariate method of rank resampling for distributions and dependences (R2D2) bias correction allowing one to adjust not only the univariate distributions but also their inter-variable and inter-site dependence structures. Moreover, the proposed R2D2 method provides some stochasticity since it can generate as many multivariate corrected outputs as the number of statistical dimensions (i.e., number of grid cell × number of climate variables) of the simulations to be corrected. It is based on an assumption of stability in time of the dependence structure - making it possible to deal with a high number of statistical dimensions - that lets the climate model drive the temporal properties and their changes in time. R2D2 is applied on temperature and precipitation reanalysis time series with respect to high-resolution reference data over the southeast of France (1506 grid cell). Bivariate, 1506-dimensional and 3012-dimensional versions of R2D2 are tested over a historical period and compared to a univariate BC. How the different BC methods behave in a climate change context is also illustrated with an application to regional climate simulations over the 2071-2100 period. The results indicate that the 1d-BC basically reproduces the climate model multivariate properties, 2d-R2D2 is only satisfying in the inter-variable context, 1506d-R2D2 strongly improves inter-site properties and 3012d-R2D2 is able to account for both. Applications of the proposed R2D2 method to various climate datasets are relevant for many impact studies. The perspectives of improvements are numerous, such as introducing stochasticity in the dependence itself, questioning its stability assumption, and accounting for temporal properties adjustment while including more physics in the adjustment procedures.
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Comparative Analysis of Haar and Daubechies Wavelet for Hyper Spectral Image Classification
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sharif, I.; Khare, S.
2014-11-01
With the number of channels in the hundreds instead of in the tens Hyper spectral imagery possesses much richer spectral information than multispectral imagery. The increased dimensionality of such Hyper spectral data provides a challenge to the current technique for analyzing data. Conventional classification methods may not be useful without dimension reduction pre-processing. So dimension reduction has become a significant part of Hyper spectral image processing. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the efficacy of Haar and Daubechies wavelets for dimensionality reduction in achieving image classification. Spectral data reduction using Wavelet Decomposition could be useful because it preserves the distinction among spectral signatures. Daubechies wavelets optimally capture the polynomial trends while Haar wavelet is discontinuous and resembles a step function. The performance of these wavelets are compared in terms of classification accuracy and time complexity. This paper shows that wavelet reduction has more separate classes and yields better or comparable classification accuracy. In the context of the dimensionality reduction algorithm, it is found that the performance of classification of Daubechies wavelets is better as compared to Haar wavelet while Daubechies takes more time compare to Haar wavelet. The experimental results demonstrate the classification system consistently provides over 84% classification accuracy.
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Metadynamics in the conformational space nonlinearly dimensionally reduced by Isomap.
Spiwok, Vojtěch; Králová, Blanka
2011-12-14
Atomic motions in molecules are not linear. This infers that nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods can outperform linear ones in analysis of collective atomic motions. In addition, nonlinear collective motions can be used as potentially efficient guides for biased simulation techniques. Here we present a simulation with a bias potential acting in the directions of collective motions determined by a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method. Ad hoc generated conformations of trans,trans-1,2,4-trifluorocyclooctane were analyzed by Isomap method to map these 72-dimensional coordinates to three dimensions, as described by Brown and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 064118 (2008)]. Metadynamics employing the three-dimensional embeddings as collective variables was applied to explore all relevant conformations of the studied system and to calculate its conformational free energy surface. The method sampled all relevant conformations (boat, boat-chair, and crown) and corresponding transition structures inaccessible by an unbiased simulation. This scheme allows to use essentially any parameter of the system as a collective variable in biased simulations. Moreover, the scheme we used for mapping out-of-sample conformations from the 72D to 3D space can be used as a general purpose mapping for dimensionality reduction, beyond the context of molecular modeling. © 2011 American Institute of Physics
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Xu, Jingping; Lightsom, Fran; Noble, Marlene A.; Denham, Charles
2002-01-01
During the past several years, the sediment transport group in the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) of the U. S. Geological Survey has made major revisions to its methodology of processing, analyzing, and maintaining the variety of oceanographic time-series data. First, CMGP completed the transition of the its oceanographic time-series database to a self-documenting NetCDF (Rew et al., 1997) data format. Second, CMGP’s oceanographic data variety and complexity have been greatly expanded from traditional 2-dimensional, single-point time-series measurements (e.g., Electro-magnetic current meters, transmissometers) to more advanced 3-dimensional and profiling time-series measurements due to many new acquisitions of modern instruments such as Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (RDI, 1996), Acoustic Doppler Velocitimeter, Pulse-Coherence Acoustic Doppler Profiler (SonTek, 2001), Acoustic Bacscatter Sensor (Aquatec, 1001001001001001001). In order to accommodate the NetCDF format of data from the new instruments, a software package of processing, analyzing, and visualizing time-series oceanographic data was developed. It is named CMGTooL. The CMGTooL package contains two basic components: a user-friendly GUI for NetCDF file analysis, processing and manipulation; and a data analyzing program library. Most of the routines in the library are stand-alone programs suitable for batch processing. CMGTooL is written in MATLAB computing language (The Mathworks, 1997), therefore users must have MATLAB installed on their computer in order to use this software package. In addition, MATLAB’s Signal Processing Toolbox is also required by some CMGTooL’s routines. Like most MATLAB programs, all CMGTooL codes are compatible with different computing platforms including PC, MAC, and UNIX machines (Note: CMGTooL has been tested on different platforms that run MATLAB 5.2 (Release 10) or lower versions. Some of the commands related to MAC may not be compatible with later releases of MATLAB). The GUI and some of the library routines call low-level NetCDF file I/O, variable and attribute functions. These NetCDF exclusive functions are supported by a MATLAB toolbox named NetCDF, created by Dr. Charles Denham . This toolbox has to be installed in order to use the CMGTooL GUI. The CMGTooL GUI calls several routines that were initially developed by others. The authors would like to acknowledge the following scientists for their ideas and codes: Dr. Rich Signell (USGS), Dr. Chris Sherwood (USGS), and Dr. Bob Beardsley (WHOI). Many special terms that carry special meanings in either MATLAB or the NetCDF Toolbox are used in this manual. Users are encouraged to read the documents of MATLAB and NetCDF for references.
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Higher-dimensional Bianchi type-VIh cosmologies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lorenz-Petzold, D.
1985-09-01
The higher-dimensional perfect fluid equations of a generalization of the (1 + 3)-dimensional Bianchi type-VIh space-time are discussed. Bianchi type-V and Bianchi type-III space-times are also included as special cases. It is shown that the Chodos-Detweiler (1980) mechanism of cosmological dimensional-reduction is possible in these cases.
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Hayashi, Hideaki; Shibanoki, Taro; Shima, Keisuke; Kurita, Yuichi; Tsuji, Toshio
2015-12-01
This paper proposes a probabilistic neural network (NN) developed on the basis of time-series discriminant component analysis (TSDCA) that can be used to classify high-dimensional time-series patterns. TSDCA involves the compression of high-dimensional time series into a lower dimensional space using a set of orthogonal transformations and the calculation of posterior probabilities based on a continuous-density hidden Markov model with a Gaussian mixture model expressed in the reduced-dimensional space. The analysis can be incorporated into an NN, which is named a time-series discriminant component network (TSDCN), so that parameters of dimensionality reduction and classification can be obtained simultaneously as network coefficients according to a backpropagation through time-based learning algorithm with the Lagrange multiplier method. The TSDCN is considered to enable high-accuracy classification of high-dimensional time-series patterns and to reduce the computation time taken for network training. The validity of the TSDCN is demonstrated for high-dimensional artificial data and electroencephalogram signals in the experiments conducted during the study.
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García-Muñoz Rodrigo, Fermín; Losada Martínez, Antonio; Elorza Fernández, María Dolores; Moreno Hernando, Julio; Figueras Aloy, Josep; Vento Torres, Máximo
2017-01-01
Advances in perinatal care have led to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality among very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. Much of this progress is related to the prevention and management of respiratory disease. To evaluate changes in perinatal care and its influence on respiratory morbidity and mortality among VLBW infants in Spain in 2 consecutive periods (2002-2006 and 2007-2011). This is a retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected of all VLBW infants included in the Spanish SEN1500 network. Patients with major congenital anomalies, those who died in the delivery room (DR) and infants <230 or >346 weeks of gestational age (GA) were excluded. During the study period, out of 27,205 eligible VLBW infants, 24,598 (90.4%) met inclusion criteria. The most striking and statistically significant results found in the second period were: (i) reduction in the proportion of "outborn" patients; (ii) an increase in prenatal steroid administration; (iii) enhanced non-invasive respiratory support in the DR and NICU; (iv) reduction in invasive mechanical ventilation, surfactant administration, and steroids for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Moreover, survival to hospital discharge increased (83.5 vs. 84.7%; p = 0.015); however, survival without BPD increased only among the most immature (230 to 266 weeks' GA) from 26.6 to 31.6% (p < 0.001). Enhanced adherence to international recommendations in perinatal care and a significant reduction in mortality were found during the second period. Survival without BPD increased only among the most immature. Further investigation is needed to optimize the strategies to prevent and manage respiratory disease in this group of patients. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Mazzocca, Augustus D; McCarthy, Mary Beth R; Intravia, Jessica; Beitzel, Knut; Apostolakos, John; Cote, Mark P; Bradley, James; Arciero, Robert A
2013-04-01
The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent of the anti-inflammatory effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in a controlled in vitro environment. Through the stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ), cell adhesion molecule expression (E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and human leukocyte antigen DR) and PRP's anti-inflammatory effect can be measured. PRP was produced from 3 individuals using a single-spin (PRPLP) process. Treatment groups include negative (unstimulated) controls, positive (stimulated) controls, ketorolac tromethamine, methylprednisolone, PRP, ketorolac-PRP, and methylprednisolone-PRP. A fluorescence assay of the cellular inflammation markers was measured by the BioTek Synergy HT plate reader (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT) at 0, 1, 2, and 5 days. At days 2 and 5, methylprednisolone treatment showed a 2.1- to 5.8-fold reduction (P < .05) in inflammation markers over PRP. In addition, PRP and ketorolac showed a 1.4- to 2.5-fold reduction (P < .05) in cellular inflammation markers over the control. There was no statistically significant difference between ketorolac and PRP. Although PRP and ketorolac reduced cellular inflammation markers (E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and human leukocyte antigen DR) compared with control, neither caused as great a reduction as methylprednisolone. Although PRP and ketorolac did not produce as significant a reduction in cellular inflammation markers as methylprednisolone, they reduced cellular inflammation compared with the control. These agents may have clinical application as injectable anti-inflammatory medications. Copyright © 2013 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Fibroblast growth factor deficiencies impact anxiety-like behavior and the serotonergic system.
Brooks, Leah R; Enix, Courtney L; Rich, Samuel C; Magno, Jinno A; Lowry, Christopher A; Tsai, Pei-San
2014-05-01
Serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) are organized in anatomically distinct subregions that form connections with specific brain structures to modulate diverse behaviors, including anxiety-like behavior. It is unclear if the functional heterogeneity of these neurons is coupled to their developmental heterogeneity, and if abnormal development of specific DR serotonergic subregions can permanently impact anxiety circuits and behavior. The goal of this study was to examine if deficiencies in different components of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling could preferentially impact the development of specific populations of DR serotonergic neurons to alter anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Wild-type and heterozygous male mice globally hypomorphic for Fgf8, Fgfr1, or both (Fgfr1/Fgf8) were tested in an anxiety-related behavioral battery. Both Fgf8- and Fgfr1/Fgf8-deficient mice display increased anxiety-like behavior as measured in the elevated plus-maze and the open-field tests. Immunohistochemical staining of a serotonergic marker, tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph), revealed reductions in specific populations of serotonergic neurons in the ventral, interfascicular, and ventrolateral/ventrolateral periaqueductal gray subregions of the DR in all Fgf-deficient mice, suggesting a neuroanatomical basis for increased anxiety-like behavior. Overall, this study suggests Fgf signaling selectively modulates the development of different serotonergic neuron subpopulations. Further, it suggests anxiety-like behavior may stem from developmental disruption of these neurons, and individuals with inactivating mutations in Fgf signaling genes may be predisposed to anxiety disorders. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Econo-ESA in semantic text similarity.
Rahutomo, Faisal; Aritsugi, Masayoshi
2014-01-01
Explicit semantic analysis (ESA) utilizes an immense Wikipedia index matrix in its interpreter part. This part of the analysis multiplies a large matrix by a term vector to produce a high-dimensional concept vector. A similarity measurement between two texts is performed between two concept vectors with numerous dimensions. The cost is expensive in both interpretation and similarity measurement steps. This paper proposes an economic scheme of ESA, named econo-ESA. We investigate two aspects of this proposal: dimensional reduction and experiments with various data. We use eight recycling test collections in semantic text similarity. The experimental results show that both the dimensional reduction and test collection characteristics can influence the results. They also show that an appropriate concept reduction of econo-ESA can decrease the cost with minor differences in the results from the original ESA.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Caiyun; Wei, Huajiang; Zhao, Yanping; Wu, Guoyong; Gu, Huaimin; Guo, Zhouyi; Yang, Hongqin; He, Yonghong; Xie, Shusen
2018-07-01
The purpose of this study is to illustrate experimentally the optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal slope and diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra of 30% and 80% glycerol combined with electroporation (EP) diffusion in normal, benign and cancerous human gastric tissues in vitro. The results of OCT showed that the permeability coefficients of 80% and 30% glycerol (both with and without EP) have the following trend: human cancerous gastric tissue > human benign gastric tissue > human normal gastric tissue under the same conditions. The permeability coefficient of the 30% glycerol group is larger than that of the 80% glycerol group under the same circumstances; the permeability coefficient of glycerol combined with the EP group is larger than that without the EP group under the same conditions. The permeability coefficient and the reduction of the DR spectra have perfect linear correlation (R2 = 0.9745). The research results suggest that OCT and the DR spectra combined with an optical clearing agent (glycerol) and the EP method can potentially become a powerful tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of human gastric cancer.
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Co-optimization of Energy and Demand-Side Reserves in Day-Ahead Electricity Markets
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Surender Reddy, S.; Abhyankar, A. R.; Bijwe, P. R.
2015-04-01
This paper presents a new multi-objective day-ahead market clearing (DAMC) mechanism with demand-side reserves/demand response (DR) offers, considering realistic voltage-dependent load modeling. The paper proposes objectives such as social welfare maximization (SWM) including demand-side reserves, and load served error (LSE) minimization. In this paper, energy and demand-side reserves are cleared simultaneously through co-optimization process. The paper clearly brings out the unsuitability of conventional SWM for DAMC in the presence of voltage-dependent loads, due to reduction of load served (LS). Under such circumstances multi-objective DAMC with DR offers is essential. Multi-objective Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2+ (SPEA 2+) has been used to solve the optimization problem. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is confirmed with results obtained from IEEE 30 bus system.
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1985-07-08
the original information was processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor- mation was summarized or extracted . Unfamiliar names...continuous stream of pro- perty acquisitions with the Government owing citizens as much as $11 million; and it was also a period when property owners...reduction In property taxes." Dr. Haynes said many buildings erected In Bridgetown in the past five years were now in a situation where they had
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Palumbo, Anthony V.
Our current research represents a joint effort between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the University of Tennessee (UT), and Florida State University (FSU). ORNL serves as the lead institution with Dr. A.V. Palumbo responsible for project coordination, integration, and deliverables. This project is in its second year. The overall goal of our project is to provide an improved understanding of the relationships between microbial community structure, geochemistry, and metal reduction rates.
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Influence of Aluminum Passivation on the Reaction Mechanism: Flame Propagation Studies
2009-01-01
synthesis and characterization of Al nanoparticles without an oxide shell is presented in refs 15- 18. In summary, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and...al.1 examined the oxidation behavior of ultrafine grain aluminum powder using Rutherford back- scattering spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis , and...to opposite predictions in nanoparticle design. The diffusion mechanism suggests that the reduction Dr complete elimination of the oxide shell will
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Market Effects of Naval Presence in a Globalized World
2002-01-01
reductions in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The second group of countries, largely the top layer of developing countries led by Mexico , South Africa and...Republic Turkmenistan Germany Malaysia Cote d’Ivorie Chad Uzbekistan Hong Kong Mauritius Ecuador Congo, DR Ireland Mexico Gambia Eritrea...study, Mexico and Norway would experience declines in income associated with forward deployed naval operations. On the other hand movements in
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Hydrodynamic Noise from Flexible Roughness Elements
2015-06-29
Virginia Tech (Dr. William Devenport and graduate student Ian Clark) continue to carry out experimental work to test the developed trailing-edge and...work to take into account dynamic motions of the fiber and finite distances between fibers for more realistic aeroacoustic models of its turbulence...pressure levels which result from introduction of the fabric covering. First, Fig. 5 plots the decibel reduction in the experimental surface pressure
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Higher-order gravity in higher dimensions: geometrical origins of four-dimensional cosmology?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Troisi, Antonio
2017-03-01
Determining the cosmological field equations is still very much debated and led to a wide discussion around different theoretical proposals. A suitable conceptual scheme could be represented by gravity models that naturally generalize Einstein theory like higher-order gravity theories and higher-dimensional ones. Both of these two different approaches allow one to define, at the effective level, Einstein field equations equipped with source-like energy-momentum tensors of geometrical origin. In this paper, the possibility is discussed to develop a five-dimensional fourth-order gravity model whose lower-dimensional reduction could provide an interpretation of cosmological four-dimensional matter-energy components. We describe the basic concepts of the model, the complete field equations formalism and the 5-D to 4-D reduction procedure. Five-dimensional f( R) field equations turn out to be equivalent, on the four-dimensional hypersurfaces orthogonal to the extra coordinate, to an Einstein-like cosmological model with three matter-energy tensors related with higher derivative and higher-dimensional counter-terms. By considering the gravity model with f(R)=f_0R^n the possibility is investigated to obtain five-dimensional power law solutions. The effective four-dimensional picture and the behaviour of the geometrically induced sources are finally outlined in correspondence to simple cases of such higher-dimensional solutions.
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Di Silvestre, Mario; Lolli, Francesco; Bakaloudis, Georgios; Maredi, Elena; Vommaro, Francesco; Pastorelli, Francesca
2013-02-01
Direct apical vertebral rotation represents an important goal of posterior surgery for thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), so as to obtain a better cosmetic effect and to avoid posterior thoracoplasty. However, the real effectiveness in correction of vertebral rotation, using posterior only procedures, is still open to debate. The aim of the present study is to compare the correction of axial apical rotation obtained with direct rotation procedure versus simple concave rod rotation, in patients treated by posterior fusion for thoracic AIS using pedicle screw-only construct. A retrospective review was performed on a total of 62 consecutive patients (one single institution, three different surgeons) affected by AIS, who had undergone a posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screw-only instrumentation between January 2005 and April 2008 at the reference center. All cases presented a main thoracic curve (Lenke type 1 and 2). The angle of rotation (RAsag) of the apical vertebra was measured from the preoperative and last follow-up axial CT. According to the derotation procedure, two groups were identified: a direct vertebral rotation group (DR group; n = 32 patients) and a simple concave rod rotation group (No-DR group; n = 30 patients). There were no statistical differences between the two groups, in terms of age, Risser's sign, curve patterns, Cobb main thoracic (MT) curve magnitude and flexibility, extension of fusion, offset measurements on the coronal plane and sagittal preoperative contour. All 62 patients were reviewed at an average follow-up of 3.7 years (range 2.5-4.2 years). The DR group compared to the No-DR group showed a significantly better final correction of apical vertebral rotation (DR 63.4 % vs. No-DR 14.8 %; p < 0.05) and a greater final correction (61.3 vs. 52.4 %; p < 0.05) with better maintenance of the initial correction (-1.7° vs. -1.9°; ns) of the main thoracic curve. Concerning the coronal balance, there was the same aforementioned trend of better results in the DR group, with less final apical MT vertebra translation (DR 2.2 cm vs. No-DR 4.1 cm), greater overall change (preop-final) of lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) coronal tilt (-14.9° vs. -11.1°; p < 0.05); the final global coronal balance (C7-S1) resulted quite better in DR group, but without a significant difference. The T5-T12 kyphosis angle was quite similar in both group before surgery (DR 16.8° vs. No-DR 17.5°) and was little lower at final follow-up evaluation in direct vertebral rotation group (14.5° vs. 16.5°). The T10-L2 sagittal alignment angle was similar in each group before surgery (12.5° in DR vs. 11.8° in No-DR), and at the latest follow-up averaged 5.3° versus 8.2°, respectively. Lumbar lordosis was similar in each group before surgery (DR -42° vs. No-DR -44.1°) and at the final follow-up evaluation (-45.9° vs. -43.2°). At the latest follow-up, SRS-30 and SF-36 findings were similar between the two groups. The complication rate was higher in the simple concave rod rotation group (13.3 vs. 9.3 %), related in two cases to thoracoplasty, which was never utilized in direct rotation patients. The direct vertebral rotation obtained significantly better final results, when compared to simple concave rod rotation, both concerning correction of apical vertebral rotation and magnitude of MT curve. On the other hand, the DR group presented a little reduction in T5-T12 kyphosis at follow-up, in comparison with concave rod rotation procedure. Both procedures were found to be satisfying from patients' perspective. Nevertheless overall complication rate was higher in the simple concave rod rotation group, related mainly to thoracoplasty (2 cases), which was never necessary in direct rotation patients.
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Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Statistical Locally Linear Embedding
Wang, Xiang; Zheng, Yuan; Zhao, Zhenzhou; Wang, Jinping
2015-01-01
Fault diagnosis is essentially a kind of pattern recognition. The measured signal samples usually distribute on nonlinear low-dimensional manifolds embedded in the high-dimensional signal space, so how to implement feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and improve recognition performance is a crucial task. In this paper a novel machinery fault diagnosis approach based on a statistical locally linear embedding (S-LLE) algorithm which is an extension of LLE by exploiting the fault class label information is proposed. The fault diagnosis approach first extracts the intrinsic manifold features from the high-dimensional feature vectors which are obtained from vibration signals that feature extraction by time-domain, frequency-domain and empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and then translates the complex mode space into a salient low-dimensional feature space by the manifold learning algorithm S-LLE, which outperforms other feature reduction methods such as PCA, LDA and LLE. Finally in the feature reduction space pattern classification and fault diagnosis by classifier are carried out easily and rapidly. Rolling bearing fault signals are used to validate the proposed fault diagnosis approach. The results indicate that the proposed approach obviously improves the classification performance of fault pattern recognition and outperforms the other traditional approaches. PMID:26153771
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Wake Management Strategies for Reduction of Turbomachinery Fan Noise
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Waitz, Ian A.
1998-01-01
The primary objective of our work was to evaluate and test several wake management schemes for the reduction of turbomachinery fan noise. Throughout the course of this work we relied on several tools. These include 1) Two-dimensional steady boundary-layer and wake analyses using MISES (a thin-shear layer Navier-Stokes code), 2) Two-dimensional unsteady wake-stator interaction simulations using UNSFLO, 3) Three-dimensional, steady Navier-Stokes rotor simulations using NEWT, 4) Internal blade passage design using quasi-one-dimensional passage flow models developed at MIT, 5) Acoustic modeling using LINSUB, 6) Acoustic modeling using VO72, 7) Experiments in a low-speed cascade wind-tunnel, and 8) ADP fan rig tests in the MIT Blowdown Compressor.
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A Center for Advanced Electrical and Structural Polymers
1988-10-31
REPORT I 3b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Oay) IS. PAGE COUNT Final j FROM TO 44 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION 17. COSATI CODES 18...Banhegyi Dr. N. Easwar Dr. Z. Chai Dr. K. Liang Dr. S. Choe Dr. G. Smyth Dr. P. Cifra Dr. J . Kim Dr. W. Huh Dr. Q. Bhatia Dr. J . Grobelny Dr. P... J . Chen (WSU) Dr. G. Quin Dr. M. Sinksy (WSU) Dr. N. Segudovic Dr. R. Miller (WSU) Dr. G. Shy Dr. Y. Gur Mr. L. Wu Dr. T. Bleha Dr. A. Sikora Dr. H
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2013-01-01
Background The global spread of bacterial resistance has given rise to a growing interest in new anti-bacterial agents with a new strategy of action. Pilicides are derivatives of ring-fused 2-pyridones which block the formation of the pili/fimbriae crucial to bacterial pathogenesis. They impair by means of a chaperone-usher pathway conserved in the Gram-negative bacteria of adhesive structures biogenesis. Pili/fimbriae of this type belong to two subfamilies, FGS and FGL, which differ in the details of their assembly mechanism. The data published to date have shown that pilicides inhibit biogenesis of type 1 and P pili of the FGS type which are encoded by uropathogenic E. coli strains. Results We evaluated the anti-bacterial activity of literature pilicides as blockers of the assembly of a model example of FGL-type adhesive structures, – the Dr fimbriae encoded by a dra gene cluster of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. In comparison to the strain grown without pilicide, the Dr+ bacteria cultivated in the presence of the 3.5 mM concentration of pilicides resulted in a reduction of 75 to 87% in the adherence properties to CHO cells expressing Dr fimbrial DAF receptor protein. Using quantitative assays, we determined the amount of Dr fimbriae in the bacteria cultivated in the presence of 3.5 mM of pilicides to be reduced by 75 to 81%. The inhibition effect of pilicides is concentration dependent, which is a crucial property for their use as potential anti-bacterial agents. The data presented in this article indicate that pilicides in mM concentration effectively inhibit the adherence of Dr+ bacteria to the host cells, – the crucial, initial step in bacterial pathogenesis. Conclusions Structural analysis of the DraB chaperone clearly showed it to be a model of the FGL subfamily of chaperones. This permits us to conclude that analyzed pilicides in mM concentration are effective inhibitors of the assembly of adhesins belonging to the Dr family, and more speculatively, of other FGL-type adhesive organelles. The presented data and those published so far permit to speculate that based on the conservation of chaperone-usher pathway in Gram-negative bacteria , the pilicides are potential anti-bacterial agents with activity against numerous pathogens, the virulence of which is dependent on the adhesive structures of the chaperone-usher type. PMID:23758700
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Towards the automated reduction and calibration of SCUBA data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, T.; Stevens, J. A.; Archibald, E. N.; Economou, F.; Jessop, N. E.; Robson, E. I.
2002-10-01
The Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) instrument has been operating on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) since 1997. The data archive is now sufficiently large that it can be used to investigate instrumental properties and the variability of astronomical sources. This paper describes the automated calibration and reduction scheme used to process the archive data, with particular emphasis on `jiggle-map' observations of compact sources. We demonstrate the validity of our automated approach at both 850 and 450 μm, and apply it to several of the JCMT secondary flux calibrators. We determine light curves for the variable sources IRC +10216 and OH 231.8. This automation is made possible by using the ORAC-DR data reduction pipeline, a flexible and extensible data reduction pipeline that is used on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) and the JCMT.
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Lorbach, O; Pape, D; Raber, F; Busch, L C; Kohn, D; Kieb, M
2012-11-01
Influence of the initial rotator cuff tear size and of different subregions of the SSP tendon on the cyclic loading behavior of a modified single-row reconstruction compared to a suture-bridging double-row repair. Artificial tears (25 and 35 mm) were created in the rotator cuff of 24 human cadaver shoulders. The reconstructions were performed as a single-row repair (SR) using a modified suture configuration or a suture-bridge double-row repair (DR). Radiostereometric analysis was used under cyclic loading (50 cycles, 10–180 N, 10–250 N) to calculate cyclic displacement in three different planes (anteroposterior (x), craniocaudal (y) and mediolateral (z) level). Cyclic displacement was recorded, and differences in cyclic displacement of the anterior compared to the posterior subregions of the tendon were calculated. In small-to-medium tears (25 mm) and medium-to-large tears (35 mm), significant lower cyclic displacement was seen for the SR-reconstruction compared to the DR-repair at 180 N (p ≤ 0.0001; p = 0.001) and 250 N (p = 0.001; p = 0.007) in the x-level. These results were confirmed in the y-level at 180 N (p = 0.001; p = 0.0022) and 250 N (p = 0.005; p = 0.0018). Comparison of the initial tear sizes demonstrated significant differences in cyclic displacement for the DR technique in the x-level at 180 N (p = 0.002) and 250 N (p = 0.004). Comparison of the anterior versus the posterior subregion of the tendon revealed significant lower gap formation in the posterior compared to the anterior subregions in the x-level for both tested rotator cuff repairs (p ≤ 0.05). The tested single-row repair using a modified suture configuration achieved superior results in three-dimensional measurements of cyclic displacement compared to the tested double-row suture-bridge repair. The results were dependent on the initial rupture size of the rotator cuff tear. Furthermore, significant differences were found between tendon subregions of the rotator cuff with significantly higher gap formation for the anterior compared to the posterior subregions.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Robson, E. I.; Stevens, J. A.; Jenness, T.
2001-11-01
Calibrated data for 65 flat-spectrum extragalactic radio sources are presented at a wavelength of 850μm, covering a three-year period from 1997 April. The data, obtained from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope using the SCUBA camera in pointing mode, were analysed using an automated pipeline process based on the Observatory Reduction and Acquisition Control-Data Reduction (orac-dr) system. This paper describes the techniques used to analyse and calibrate the data, and presents the data base of results along with a representative sample of the better-sampled light curves.
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Kim, Eunae; Park, Sehoon; Chang, Sukbok
2018-04-17
Described here is a reductive amination/hydrosilylation cascade of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes mediated by a Lewis acidic borane catalyst. The present reaction system provides an one-pot synthetic route towards β-silylated secondary amines that have not been accessible by other previous catalysis. Comparative 1 H NMR studies on the silylative reduction of enimines revealed that steric bulkiness of primary amine reactants strongly affects both catalytic efficiency and regioselectivity. This strategy was applicable to a broad range of substrates and amenable to one-pot gram-scale synthesis. Moreover, a diastereoselective introduction of the β-silyl group was also found to be feasible (d.r. up to 71:29). © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Simplifying the representation of complex free-energy landscapes using sketch-map
Ceriotti, Michele; Tribello, Gareth A.; Parrinello, Michele
2011-01-01
A new scheme, sketch-map, for obtaining a low-dimensional representation of the region of phase space explored during an enhanced dynamics simulation is proposed. We show evidence, from an examination of the distribution of pairwise distances between frames, that some features of the free-energy surface are inherently high-dimensional. This makes dimensionality reduction problematic because the data does not satisfy the assumptions made in conventional manifold learning algorithms We therefore propose that when dimensionality reduction is performed on trajectory data one should think of the resultant embedding as a quickly sketched set of directions rather than a road map. In other words, the embedding tells one about the connectivity between states but does not provide the vectors that correspond to the slow degrees of freedom. This realization informs the development of sketch-map, which endeavors to reproduce the proximity information from the high-dimensionality description in a space of lower dimensionality even when a faithful embedding is not possible. PMID:21730167
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Restoration of dimensional reduction in the random-field Ising model at five dimensions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Fytas, Nikolaos G.; Martín-Mayor, Víctor; Picco, Marco; Sourlas, Nicolas
2017-04-01
The random-field Ising model is one of the few disordered systems where the perturbative renormalization group can be carried out to all orders of perturbation theory. This analysis predicts dimensional reduction, i.e., that the critical properties of the random-field Ising model in D dimensions are identical to those of the pure Ising ferromagnet in D -2 dimensions. It is well known that dimensional reduction is not true in three dimensions, thus invalidating the perturbative renormalization group prediction. Here, we report high-precision numerical simulations of the 5D random-field Ising model at zero temperature. We illustrate universality by comparing different probability distributions for the random fields. We compute all the relevant critical exponents (including the critical slowing down exponent for the ground-state finding algorithm), as well as several other renormalization-group invariants. The estimated values of the critical exponents of the 5D random-field Ising model are statistically compatible to those of the pure 3D Ising ferromagnet. These results support the restoration of dimensional reduction at D =5 . We thus conclude that the failure of the perturbative renormalization group is a low-dimensional phenomenon. We close our contribution by comparing universal quantities for the random-field problem at dimensions 3 ≤D <6 to their values in the pure Ising model at D -2 dimensions, and we provide a clear verification of the Rushbrooke equality at all studied dimensions.
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Restoration of dimensional reduction in the random-field Ising model at five dimensions.
Fytas, Nikolaos G; Martín-Mayor, Víctor; Picco, Marco; Sourlas, Nicolas
2017-04-01
The random-field Ising model is one of the few disordered systems where the perturbative renormalization group can be carried out to all orders of perturbation theory. This analysis predicts dimensional reduction, i.e., that the critical properties of the random-field Ising model in D dimensions are identical to those of the pure Ising ferromagnet in D-2 dimensions. It is well known that dimensional reduction is not true in three dimensions, thus invalidating the perturbative renormalization group prediction. Here, we report high-precision numerical simulations of the 5D random-field Ising model at zero temperature. We illustrate universality by comparing different probability distributions for the random fields. We compute all the relevant critical exponents (including the critical slowing down exponent for the ground-state finding algorithm), as well as several other renormalization-group invariants. The estimated values of the critical exponents of the 5D random-field Ising model are statistically compatible to those of the pure 3D Ising ferromagnet. These results support the restoration of dimensional reduction at D=5. We thus conclude that the failure of the perturbative renormalization group is a low-dimensional phenomenon. We close our contribution by comparing universal quantities for the random-field problem at dimensions 3≤D<6 to their values in the pure Ising model at D-2 dimensions, and we provide a clear verification of the Rushbrooke equality at all studied dimensions.
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Dimensional reduction for a SIR type model
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cahyono, Edi; Soeharyadi, Yudi; Mukhsar
2018-03-01
Epidemic phenomena are often modeled in the form of dynamical systems. Such model has also been used to model spread of rumor, spread of extreme ideology, and dissemination of knowledge. Among the simplest is SIR (susceptible, infected and recovered) model, a model that consists of three compartments, and hence three variables. The variables are functions of time which represent the number of subpopulations, namely suspect, infected and recovery. The sum of the three is assumed to be constant. Hence, the model is actually two dimensional which sits in three-dimensional ambient space. This paper deals with the reduction of a SIR type model into two variables in two-dimensional ambient space to understand the geometry and dynamics better. The dynamics is studied, and the phase portrait is presented. The two dimensional model preserves the equilibrium and the stability. The model has been applied for knowledge dissemination, which has been the interest of knowledge management.
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Automated Demand Response Approaches to Household Energy Management in a Smart Grid Environment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Adika, Christopher Otieno
The advancement of renewable energy technologies and the deregulation of the electricity market have seen the emergence of Demand response (DR) programs. Demand response is a cost-effective load management strategy which enables the electricity suppliers to maintain the integrity of the power grid during high peak periods, when the customers' electrical load is high. DR programs are designed to influence electricity users to alter their normal consumption patterns by offering them financial incentives. A well designed incentive-based DR scheme that offer competitive electricity pricing structure can result in numerous benefits to all the players in the electricity market. Lower power consumption during peak periods will significantly enhance the robustness of constrained networks by reducing the level of power of generation and transmission infrastructure needed to provide electric service. Therefore, this will ease the pressure of building new power networks as we avoiding costly energy procurements thereby translating into huge financial savings for the power suppliers. Peak load reduction will also reduce the inconveniences suffered by end users as a result of brownouts or blackouts. Demand response will also drastically lower the price peaks associated with wholesale markets. This will in turn reduce the electricity costs and risks for all the players in the energy market. Additionally, DR is environmentally friendly since it enhances the flexibility of the power grid through accommodation of renewable energy resources. Despite its many benefits, DR has not been embraced by most electricity networks. This can be attributed to the fact that the existing programs do not provide enough incentives to the end users and, therefore, most electricity users are not willing to participate in them. To overcome these challenges, most utilities are coming up with innovative strategies that will be more attractive to their customers. Thus, this dissertation presents various demand response schemes that can be deployed by electricity providers to manage customer loads. This study also addresses the problem of manual demand response by proposing smart systems that will autonomously execute the DR programs without the direct involvement of the customers.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mahrooghy, Majid; Ashraf, Ahmed B.; Daye, Dania; Mies, Carolyn; Rosen, Mark; Feldman, Michael; Kontos, Despina
2014-03-01
We evaluate the prognostic value of sparse representation-based features by applying the K-SVD algorithm on multiparametric kinetic, textural, and morphologic features in breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). K-SVD is an iterative dimensionality reduction method that optimally reduces the initial feature space by updating the dictionary columns jointly with the sparse representation coefficients. Therefore, by using K-SVD, we not only provide sparse representation of the features and condense the information in a few coefficients but also we reduce the dimensionality. The extracted K-SVD features are evaluated by a machine learning algorithm including a logistic regression classifier for the task of classifying high versus low breast cancer recurrence risk as determined by a validated gene expression assay. The features are evaluated using ROC curve analysis and leave one-out cross validation for different sparse representation and dimensionality reduction numbers. Optimal sparse representation is obtained when the number of dictionary elements is 4 (K=4) and maximum non-zero coefficients is 2 (L=2). We compare K-SVD with ANOVA based feature selection for the same prognostic features. The ROC results show that the AUC of the K-SVD based (K=4, L=2), the ANOVA based, and the original features (i.e., no dimensionality reduction) are 0.78, 0.71. and 0.68, respectively. From the results, it can be inferred that by using sparse representation of the originally extracted multi-parametric, high-dimensional data, we can condense the information on a few coefficients with the highest predictive value. In addition, the dimensionality reduction introduced by K-SVD can prevent models from over-fitting.
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2008-10-31
SSC Charleston; Mr. David Broyles, SSC Charleston; Dr. Richard Daehler-Wilking, SSC Charleston; Ms. Marcy Stutzman, Northrop Grumman ; and Tammie...PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including...1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1 . AGENCY
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Transportation Energy Pathways LDRD.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Barter, Garrett.; Reichmuth, David.; Westbrook, Jessica
2012-09-01
This report presents a system dynamics based model of the supply-demand interactions between the US light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet, its fuels, and the corresponding primary energy sources through the year 2050. An important capability of our model is the ability to conduct parametric analyses. Others have relied upon scenario-based analysis, where one discrete set of values is assigned to the input variables and used to generate one possible realization of the future. While these scenarios can be illustrative of dominant trends and tradeoffs under certain circumstances, changes in input values or assumptions can have a significant impact on results, especiallymore » when output metrics are associated with projections far into the future. This type of uncertainty can be addressed by using a parametric study to examine a range of values for the input variables, offering a richer source of data to an analyst.The parametric analysis featured here focuses on a trade space exploration, with emphasis on factors that influence the adoption rates of electric vehicles (EVs), the reduction of GHG emissions, and the reduction of petroleum consumption within the US LDV fleet. The underlying model emphasizes competition between 13 different types of powertrains, including conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs), conventional hybrids(HEVs), plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), and battery electric vehicles(BEVs).We find that many factors contribute to the adoption rates of EVs. These include the pace of technological development for the electric powertrain, battery performance, as well as the efficiency improvements in conventional vehicles. Policy initiatives can also have a dramatic impact on the degree of EV adoption. The consumer effective payback period, in particular, can significantly increase the market penetration rates if extended towards the vehicle lifetime.Widespread EV adoption can have noticeable impact on petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas(GHG) emission by the LDV fleet. However, EVs alone cannot drive compliance with the most aggressive GHG emission reduction targets, even as the current electricity source mix shifts away from coal and towards natural gas. Since ICEs will comprise the majority of the LDV fleet for up to forty years, conventional vehicle efficiency improvements have the greatest potential for reductions in LDV GHG emissions over this time.These findings seem robust even if global oil prices rise to two to three times current projections. Thus,investment in improving the internal combustion engine might be the cheapest, lowest risk avenue towards meeting ambitious GHG emission and petroleum consumption reduction targets out to 2050.3 Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank Dr. Andrew Lutz, Dr. Benjamin Wu, Prof. Joan Ogden and Dr. Christopher Yang for their suggestions over the course of this project. This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories.« less
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Emerging Technologies Program Integration Report. Volume 1. Narrative, Analyses and Assessment
1987-05-04
James S. (T) 31. GREGG, Dr. Michael C. (T) 61. REDDY, Dr. Raj (T) 2. ATLAS, Dr. David (T) 32. HADDAD, Dr. Genevieve M. 62. REDIKER, Dr. Robert H. 3...Dr. Martin C. 83. WEEKS, Dr. Wilford 6 24. FAETH, Dr. Gerald 54. MUNSON, Mr. John 84. WEINTRAUB, Dr. Daniel 1. (T) 25. FETTERMAN , Dr. Harold 55...T) 2. ATLAS, Dr. David (T) 32. HADDAD, Dr. Genevieve M. 62. REDIKER, Dr. Robert H. 3. BALDESCHWIELER, Dr. John (T) 33. HAMMOND, Dr. George S. 63
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Transition In Supersonic Flows With Corners
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Balakumar, P.; McClinton, Charles (Technical Monitor)
2001-01-01
It is proposed to investigate the effect of sudden change in the slope of the surface on the stability and transition onset point in supersonic and hypersonic boundary layers. Since we can not use the linear stability theory in flows where there are discontinuities we have to solve the full Navier-Stokes equations to determine the amplification of the disturbances across the oblique shock which exists at the corner. We will use the Navier-Stokes code which was developed by Dr. Harold Atkins in the aerodynamic and acoustic methods branch. The code is developed using the higher order ENO scheme and is currently set up for two-dimensional flows. In the first year of our investigation, we will investigate the evolution of small amplitude two-dimensional disturbances and determine the N-factors for the most amplified disturbances. We will perform the analysis for the parameter similar to X-31 model and flight experiment conditions. From these computation we will infer what is the maximum amplification rate possible in quite environments without any tripping devices. In the second part of the investigation, we will perform nonlinear computations to determine what is the minimum amplitudes necessary to cause the transition at a designed location. In the third part, we have to determine what kind of trip devices necessary to excite the required disturbances. The principal investigator of this project is Dr. P. Balakumar, Associate Professor of Department of Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University. We will actively collaborate with research scientists in the Aero-Thermodynamics Branch at NASA/Langley Research Center. A half-time graduate student will also participate in the project.
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Mohler, Rachel E; Dombek, Kenneth M; Hoggard, Jamin C; Pierce, Karisa M; Young, Elton T; Synovec, Robert E
2007-08-01
The first extensive study of yeast metabolite GC x GC-TOFMS data from cells grown under fermenting, R, and respiring, DR, conditions is reported. In this study, recently developed chemometric software for use with three-dimensional instrumentation data was implemented, using a statistically-based Fisher ratio method. The Fisher ratio method is fully automated and will rapidly reduce the data to pinpoint two-dimensional chromatographic peaks differentiating sample types while utilizing all the mass channels. The effect of lowering the Fisher ratio threshold on peak identification was studied. At the lowest threshold (just above the noise level), 73 metabolite peaks were identified, nearly three-fold greater than the number of previously reported metabolite peaks identified (26). In addition to the 73 identified metabolites, 81 unknown metabolites were also located. A Parallel Factor Analysis graphical user interface (PARAFAC GUI) was applied to selected mass channels to obtain a concentration ratio, for each metabolite under the two growth conditions. Of the 73 known metabolites identified by the Fisher ratio method, 54 were statistically changing to the 95% confidence limit between the DR and R conditions according to the rigorous Student's t-test. PARAFAC determined the concentration ratio and provided a fully-deconvoluted (i.e. mathematically resolved) mass spectrum for each of the metabolites. The combination of the Fisher ratio method with the PARAFAC GUI provides high-throughput software for discovery-based metabolomics research, and is novel for GC x GC-TOFMS data due to the use of the entire data set in the analysis (640 MB x 70 runs, double precision floating point).
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The sum of the parts: can we really reduce carbon emissions through individual behaviour change?
Reynolds, Lucy
2010-01-01
Individuals are increasingly being urged to 'do their bit' in the fight against climate change, with governments and pro-environmentalists insisting that the collective impact of small behaviour changes will result in a meaningful reduction in global carbon emissions. The following paper considers this debate, as well as offering personal contributions from two leading environmentalists: Dr Doug McKenzie-Mohr, environmental psychologist and author of Fostering Sustainable Behavior: Community-Based Social Marketing; and Dr Tom Crompton, change strategist for WWF and co-author of Meeting Environmental Challenges: The Role of Human Identity, who argues for the role of intrinsic value systems in achieving sustainable behaviour change. As well as considering the responsibility of the individual in mitigating climate change, the paper introduces the discipline of social marketing as an effective tool for facilitating individual behaviour change, drawing on evidence from the field to recommend the key characteristics of effective behaviour change programmes.
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Ravi, Daniele; Fabelo, Himar; Callic, Gustavo Marrero; Yang, Guang-Zhong
2017-09-01
Recent advances in hyperspectral imaging have made it a promising solution for intra-operative tissue characterization, with the advantages of being non-contact, non-ionizing, and non-invasive. Working with hyperspectral images in vivo, however, is not straightforward as the high dimensionality of the data makes real-time processing challenging. In this paper, a novel dimensionality reduction scheme and a new processing pipeline are introduced to obtain a detailed tumor classification map for intra-operative margin definition during brain surgery. However, existing approaches to dimensionality reduction based on manifold embedding can be time consuming and may not guarantee a consistent result, thus hindering final tissue classification. The proposed framework aims to overcome these problems through a process divided into two steps: dimensionality reduction based on an extension of the T-distributed stochastic neighbor approach is first performed and then a semantic segmentation technique is applied to the embedded results by using a Semantic Texton Forest for tissue classification. Detailed in vivo validation of the proposed method has been performed to demonstrate the potential clinical value of the system.
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Electron crystallography of PhoE porin, an outer membrane, channel- forming protein from E. coli
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Walian, P.J.
1989-11-01
One approach to studying the structure of membrane proteins is the use of electron crystallography. Dr. Bing Jap has crystallized PhoE pore-forming protein (porin) from the outer membrane of escherichia coli (E. coli) into monolayer crystals. The findings of this research and those of Jap (1988, 1989) have determined these crystals to be highly ordered, yielding structural information to a resolution of better than 2.8 angstroms. The task of this thesis has been to collect and process the electron diffraction patterns necessary to generate a complete three-dimensional set of high resolution structure factor amplitudes of PhoE porin. Fourier processing ofmore » these amplitudes when combined with the corresponding phase data is expected to yield the three-dimensional structure of PhoE porin at better than 3.5 angstroms resolution. 92 refs., 33 figs., 3 tabs. (CBS)« less
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In memoriam: Fumio Okano, innovator of 3D display
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arai, Jun
2014-06-01
Dr. Fumio Okano, a well-known pioneer and innovator of three-dimensional (3D) displays, passed away on 26 November 2013 in Kanagawa, Japan, at the age of 61. Okano joined Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) in Tokyo in 1978. In 1981, he began researching high-definition television (HDTV) cameras, HDTV systems, ultrahigh-definition television systems, and 3D televisions at NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories. His publications have been frequently cited by other researchers. Okano served eight years as chair of the annual SPIE conference on Three- Dimensional Imaging, Visualization, and Display and another four years as co-chair. Okano's leadership in this field will be greatly missed and he will be remembered for his enduring contributions and innovations in the field of 3D displays. This paper is a summary of the career of Fumio Okano, as well as a tribute to that career and its lasting legacy.
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Dimensionality reduction in epidemic spreading models
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Frasca, M.; Rizzo, A.; Gallo, L.; Fortuna, L.; Porfiri, M.
2015-09-01
Complex dynamical systems often exhibit collective dynamics that are well described by a reduced set of key variables in a low-dimensional space. Such a low-dimensional description offers a privileged perspective to understand the system behavior across temporal and spatial scales. In this work, we propose a data-driven approach to establish low-dimensional representations of large epidemic datasets by using a dimensionality reduction algorithm based on isometric features mapping (ISOMAP). We demonstrate our approach on synthetic data for epidemic spreading in a population of mobile individuals. We find that ISOMAP is successful in embedding high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional manifold, whose topological features are associated with the epidemic outbreak. Across a range of simulation parameters and model instances, we observe that epidemic outbreaks are embedded into a family of closed curves in a three-dimensional space, in which neighboring points pertain to instants that are close in time. The orientation of each curve is unique to a specific outbreak, and the coordinates correlate with the number of infected individuals. A low-dimensional description of epidemic spreading is expected to improve our understanding of the role of individual response on the outbreak dynamics, inform the selection of meaningful global observables, and, possibly, aid in the design of control and quarantine procedures.
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CMV mismatch does not affect patient and graft survival in UK renal transplant recipients.
Johnson, Rachel J; Clatworthy, Menna R; Birch, Rhiannon; Hammad, Abdul; Bradley, J Andrew
2009-07-15
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the major infections encountered posttransplantation. UK Guidelines (2003) recommend CMV prophylaxis or screening with preemptive treatment for all high risk recipients. Studies predating the widespread use of CMV prophylaxis have shown that CMV seronegative recipients (R-) receiving a renal allograft from a CMV seropositive donor (D+) have worse outcomes than those avoiding primary CMV infection. Therefore, it has been suggested that CMV matching should be a part of the UK national deceased donor kidney allocation scheme. We examined patient and allograft survival according to donor and recipient CMV serostatus in 10,190 UK adult and pediatric deceased donor renal transplant recipients transplanted between 2000 and 2007. We also ascertained CMV prophylaxis strategies in all UK renal transplant units. Twenty-one of the 22 UK renal transplant centers used prophylactic oral valganciclovir for 3 months posttransplant in the D+R- transplants, having done so for a median of 4 years. Unadjusted data showed that D+R+ rather than D+R- transplants had the lowest patient and allograft survivals at 3 years posttransplant. However, after adjustment for donor age, there was no significant effect of donor and recipient CMV serostatus on allograft or patient survival. These findings suggest that in an era where CMV prophylaxis is used routinely in D+R- transplants, the previously noted adverse effects of primary CMV infection on allograft and patient survival can be avoided (perhaps through a reduction in the incidence and/or severity of primary CMV infection), without using a CMV-matching allocation scheme.
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Targeted delivery of siRNA to macrophages for anti-inflammatory treatment.
Kim, Sang-Soo; Ye, Chunting; Kumar, Priti; Chiu, Isaac; Subramanya, Sandesh; Wu, Haoquan; Shankar, Premlata; Manjunath, N
2010-05-01
Inflammation mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the associated neuronal apoptosis characterizes a number of neurologic disorders. Macrophages and microglial cells are believed to be the major source of TNF-alpha in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that suppression of TNF-alpha by targeted delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to macrophage/microglial cells dramatically reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in vivo. Because macrophage/microglia express the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR) on their surface, we used a short AchR-binding peptide derived from the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) as a targeting ligand. This peptide was fused to nona-D-arginine residues (RVG-9dR) to enable siRNA binding. RVG-9dR was able to deliver siRNA to induce gene silencing in macrophages and microglia cells from wild type, but not AchR-deficient mice, confirming targeting specificity. Treatment with anti-TNF-alpha siRNA complexed to RVG-9dR achieved efficient silencing of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by primary macrophages and microglia cells in vitro. Moreover, intravenous injection with RVG-9dR-complexed siRNA in mice reduced the LPS-induced TNF-alpha levels in blood as well as in the brain, leading to a significant reduction in neuronal apoptosis. These results demonstrate that RVG-9dR provides a tool for siRNA delivery to macrophages and microglia and that suppression of TNF-alpha can potentially be used to suppress neuroinflammation in vivo.
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Wide field OCT based microangiography in living human eye (Conference Presentation)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Qinqin; Chen, Chieh-Li; Chu, Zhongdi; Zhang, Anqi; An, Lin; Durbin, Mary; Sharma, Utkarsh; Rosenfeld, Philip J.; Wang, Ruikang K.
2016-03-01
To investigate the application of optical microangiography (OMAG) in living human eye. Patients with different macular diseases were recruited, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), geographic atrophy (GA), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and venous occlusion, et al. Wide field OCT angiography images can be generated by montage scanning protocol based on the tracking system. OMAG algorithm based on complex differentiation was used to extract the blood flow and removed the bulk motion by 2D cross-correlation method. The 3D angiography was segmented into 3 layers in the retina and 2 layers in the choroid. The en-face maximum projection was used to obtain 2-dimensional angiograms of different layers coded with different colors. Flow and structure images were combined for cross-sectional view. En face OMAG images of different macular diseases showed a great agreement with FA. Meanwhile, OMAG gave more distinct vascular network visions that were less affected by hemorrhage and leakage. The MAs were observed in both superficial and middle retinal layers based on OMAG angiograms in different layers of DR patients. The contour line of FAZ was extracted as well, which can be quantitative the retinal diseases. For GA patient, the damage of RPE layer enhanced the penetration of light and enabled the acquisition of choriocapillaries and choroidal vessels. The wide field OMAG angiogram enabled the capability of capturing the entire geographic atrophy. OMAG provides depth-resolved information and detailed vascular images of DR and GA patients, providing a better visualization of vascular network compared to FA.
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Time-lagged autoencoders: Deep learning of slow collective variables for molecular kinetics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wehmeyer, Christoph; Noé, Frank
2018-06-01
Inspired by the success of deep learning techniques in the physical and chemical sciences, we apply a modification of an autoencoder type deep neural network to the task of dimension reduction of molecular dynamics data. We can show that our time-lagged autoencoder reliably finds low-dimensional embeddings for high-dimensional feature spaces which capture the slow dynamics of the underlying stochastic processes—beyond the capabilities of linear dimension reduction techniques.
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De Clerck, Eline E B; Schouten, Jan S A G; Berendschot, Tos T J M; Goezinne, Fleur; Dagnelie, Pieter C; Schaper, Nicolaas C; Schram, Miranda T; Stehouwer, Coen D A; Webers, Carroll A B
2018-03-01
To assess macular thinning in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DM2 w/o DR) compared with individuals with normal glucose metabolism (NGM). Using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), we measured macular thickness in six subfields as defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) in 1838 participants from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (mean age 59 ± 8 years, 49% men, 1087 NGM, 279 prediabetes, 472 DM2 w/o DR). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between macular thickness and glucose metabolism status. After adjustment for age, sex and spherical equivalent, individuals with prediabetes showed a significant decrease in pericentral superior macular thickness [β = -2.14 μm (95% confidence interval (CI): -4.24 to -0.03), p < 0.05] compared with individuals with NGM. In individuals with DM2 w/o DR, the fovea [β = -4.05 μm (95% CI: -6.30 to -1.79), p < 0.001] and the four pericentral quadrants (range: β = -4.64 to -5.29 μm, p < 0.001) were significantly thinner compared with individuals with NGM. There was a significant linear trend of macular thinning with severity of glucose metabolism status in five subfields (p < 0.001). Macular thickness is reduced in prediabetes and a greater reduction occurs in DM2, even before DR is clinically present. About half of the thinning observed in DM2 w/o DR was already found in prediabetes. Generalized thinning of the macula could be related to thinning of the temporal side of the optic nerve head through the connecting papillo-macular bundle. © 2017 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Lipid-induced Signaling Causes Release of Inflammatory Extracellular Vesicles from Hepatocytes
Hirsova, Petra; Ibrahim, Samar H.; Krishnan, Anuradha; Verma, Vikas K.; Bronk, Steven F.; Werneburg, Nathan W.; Charlton, Michael R.; Shah, Vijay H.; Malhi, Harmeet; Gores, Gregory J.
2016-01-01
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocyte cellular dysfunction and death induced by lipids, and macrophage-associated inflammation are characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The fatty acid palmitate can activate death receptor 5 (DR5) on hepatocytes, leading to their death, but little is known about how this process contributes to macrophage-associated inflammation. We investigated whether lipid-induced DR5 signaling results in release of extracellular vesicles (EV) from hepatocytes, and whether these can induce an inflammatory macrophage phenotype. METHODS Primary mouse and human hepatocytes and Huh7 cells were incubated with palmitate, its metabolite lysophosphatidylcholine, or diluent (control). The released EV were isolated, characterized, quantified, and applied to macrophages. C57BL/6 mice were placed on chow or a diet high in fat, fructose, and cholesterol to induce NASH. Some mice were also given the ROCK1 inhibitor fasudil; 2 weeks later, serum EVs were isolated and characterized by immunoblot and nanoparticle-tracking analyses. Livers were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR. RESULTS Incubation of primary hepatocytes and Huh7 cells with palmitate or lysophosphatidylcholine increased their release of EV, compared with control cells. This release was reduced by inactivating mediators of the DR5 signaling pathway or ROCK1 inhibition. Hepatocyte-derived EV contained TRAIL and induced expression of interleukin-1, beta (Il1b) and Il6 mRNAs in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Activation of macrophages required DR5 and RIP1. Administration of the ROCK1 inhibitor fasudil to mice with NASH reduced serum levels of EV; this reduction was associated with decreased liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Lipids, which stimulate DR5, induce release of hepatocyte EV, which activate an inflammatory phenotype in macrophages. Strategies to inhibit ROCK1-dependent release of EV by hepatocytes might be developed for treatment of patients with NASH. PMID:26764184
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Monte Carlo Methodology Serves Up a Software Success
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
2003-01-01
Widely used for the modeling of gas flows through the computation of the motion and collisions of representative molecules, the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method has become the gold standard for producing research and engineering predictions in the field of rarefied gas dynamics. Direct Simulation Monte Carlo was first introduced in the early 1960s by Dr. Graeme Bird, a professor at the University of Sydney, Australia. It has since proved to be a valuable tool to the aerospace and defense industries in providing design and operational support data, as well as flight data analysis. In 2002, NASA brought to the forefront a software product that maintains the same basic physics formulation of Dr. Bird's method, but provides effective modeling of complex, three-dimensional, real vehicle simulations and parallel processing capabilities to handle additional computational requirements, especially in areas where computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is not applicable. NASA's Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Analysis Code (DAC) software package is now considered the Agency s premier high-fidelity simulation tool for predicting vehicle aerodynamics and aerothermodynamic environments in rarified, or low-density, gas flows.
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Recent developments on holography in China
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hsu, Dahsiung; Jiao, Jiangzhong; Tao, Huiying; Long, Pin
1991-02-01
Since the 1985 Lake Forest International Conference on display holography, USA) more developments have been made on holographic applications in China among which the important events and progress were: the International Conference on holography applications em bossing holography new holographic optical elements and equipments etc. . 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFEPENCE ON GRAPHY APPLICATIONS'' ( I CHA ''86. BEIJING) More than 280 holographers from 18 countries gathered in the Science Hall in Beijing from July 2 to for the International Conference on holography applications''86. The conference was sponsor ed by the Chinese OPtical Society the Chinese Theoretical Applied Mechanics Society and cosponsored by the Society of Photooptical Instrumentation Engineers the European Photonic Association in cooperation with the China Association for Science And Technology. It was chaired by Prof. Wang Daheng vice president of the China Association for Science Technology and president of the Chinese Optical Society cochaired by DP. H. J. Caulfield of the Univ. of Alabama Dr. G. von Bally of the Munster Univ. in West Germany and Dr. J. Tsujiuchi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology. SPIE Vol. 1238 Three-Dimensional Holography: Science Culture Education (1989) / 13
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The Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (C3R2) survey for Euclid
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cohen, Judith; Masters, Daniel; C3R2 Team
2018-06-01
The complete calibration of the color-redshift relation (C3R2) survey is a multi-institution, mutli-instrument survey with the Keck telescopes that aims to map out the empirical galaxy color-redshift relation in preparation for the Stage IV dark energy missions Euclid and WFIRST. A key challenge for weak lensing cosmology with these missions will be measuring highly accurate redshift distributions for billions of faint galaxies using only broad-band photometric observations. Well-calibrated photometric redshifts will thus be critical to their success. C3R2 uses an innovative technique that maps the color distribution of galaxies in the high-dimensional color space (u-g, ..., J-H) expected for Euclid and WFIRST, allowng us to focus spectroscopic effort on those regions of galaxy color space which are currently unexplored. C3R2 is a joint effort involving all of the Keck partners, with 44.5 nights allocated thus far. DR1 is published (Masters, Stern, Cohen et al, ApJ, 841, 111), and DR2, with > 3000 new redshifts, will be submitted in mid 2018.
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Structure-activity relationships in carbohydrates revealed by their hydration.
Maugeri, Laura; Busch, Sebastian; McLain, Sylvia E; Pardo, Luis Carlos; Bruni, Fabio; Ricci, Maria Antonietta
2017-06-01
One of the more intriguing aspects of carbohydrate chemistry is that despite having very similar molecular structures, sugars have very different properties. For instance, there is a sensible difference in sweet taste between glucose and trehalose, even though trehalose is a disaccharide that comprised two glucose units, suggesting a different ability of these two carbohydrates to bind to sweet receptors. Here we have looked at the hydration of specific sites and at the three-dimensional configuration of water molecules around three carbohydrates (glucose, cellobiose, and trehalose), combining neutron diffraction data with computer modelling. Results indicate that identical chemical groups can have radically different hydration patterns depending on their location on a given molecule. These differences can be linked with the specific activity of glucose, cellobiose, and trehalose as a sweet substance, as building block of cellulose fiber, and as a bioprotective agent, respectively. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances in Bionanomaterials" Guest Editors: Dr. Marie-Louise Saboungi and Dr. Samuel D. Bader. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Adam, Murtaza K; Thornton, Sarah; Regillo, Carl D; Park, Carl; Ho, Allen C; Hsu, Jason
2017-09-01
To determine minimal endoillumination levels required to perform 3-dimensional heads-up vitreoretinal surgery and to correlate endoillumination levels used for measurements of heads-up display (HUD) luminous emittance. Prospective, observational surgical case series of 10 patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. Endoillumination levels were set to 40% of maximum output and were decreased at set intervals until the illumination level was 0%. Corresponding luminous emittance (lux) of the HUD was measured 40 cm from the display using a luxmeter (Dr. Meter, Model #LX1010BS). In 9 of 10 cases, the surgeon felt that they could operate comfortably at an endoillumination level of 10% of maximum output with corresponding HUD emittance of 14.3 ± 9.5 lux. In the remaining case, the surgeon felt comfortable at a 3% endoillumination level with corresponding HUD emittance of 15 lux. Below this threshold, subjective image dimness and digital noise limited visibility. Endoillumination levels were correlated with luminous emittance from the 3-dimensional HUD (P < 0.01). The average coefficient of variation of HUD luminance was 0.546. There were no intraoperative complications. With real-time digital processing and automated brightness control, 3-dimensional HUD platforms may allow for reduced intraoperative endoillumination levels and a theoretically reduced risk of retinal phototoxicity during vitreoretinal surgery.
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FeynArts model file for MSSM transition counterterms from DREG to DRED
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stöckinger, Dominik; Varšo, Philipp
2012-02-01
The FeynArts model file MSSMdreg2dred implements MSSM transition counterterms which can convert one-loop Green functions from dimensional regularization to dimensional reduction. They correspond to a slight extension of the well-known Martin/Vaughn counterterms, specialized to the MSSM, and can serve also as supersymmetry-restoring counterterms. The paper provides full analytic results for the counterterms and gives one- and two-loop usage examples. The model file can simplify combining MS¯-parton distribution functions with supersymmetric renormalization or avoiding the renormalization of ɛ-scalars in dimensional reduction. Program summaryProgram title:MSSMdreg2dred.mod Catalogue identifier: AEKR_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEKR_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: LGPL-License [1] No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 7600 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 197 629 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica, FeynArts Computer: Any, capable of running Mathematica and FeynArts Operating system: Any, with running Mathematica, FeynArts installation Classification: 4.4, 5, 11.1 Subprograms used: Cat Id Title Reference ADOW_v1_0 FeynArts CPC 140 (2001) 418 Nature of problem: The computation of one-loop Feynman diagrams in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) requires regularization. Two schemes, dimensional regularization and dimensional reduction are both common but have different pros and cons. In order to combine the advantages of both schemes one would like to easily convert existing results from one scheme into the other. Solution method: Finite counterterms are constructed which correspond precisely to the one-loop scheme differences for the MSSM. They are provided as a FeynArts [2] model file. Using this model file together with FeynArts, the (ultra-violet) regularization of any MSSM one-loop Green function is switched automatically from dimensional regularization to dimensional reduction. In particular the counterterms serve as supersymmetry-restoring counterterms for dimensional regularization. Restrictions: The counterterms are restricted to the one-loop level and the MSSM. Running time: A few seconds to generate typical Feynman graphs with FeynArts.
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Role of oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy and the beneficial effects of flavonoids.
Ola, Mohammad Shamsul; Al-Dosari, Dalia; Alhomida, Abdullah S
2018-05-15
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of decreased vision and blindness in developed countries. Diabetes-induced metabolic disorder is believed to increase oxidative stress in the retina. This results in deleterious changes through dysregulation of cellular physiology that damages both neuronal and vascular cells. Here in this review, we first highlight the evidence of potential metabolic sources and pathways which increase oxidative stress that contributes to retinal pathology in diabetes. As oxidative stress is a central factor in the pathophysiology of DR, antioxidants therapy would be beneficial towards preventing the retinal damage. A number of experimental studies by us and others showed that dietary flavonoids cause reduction in increased oxidative stress and other beneficial effects in diabetic retina. We then discuss the potential beneficial effects of the six major flavonoid families, such as flavonones, flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, flavones and anthocyanins, which have been studied to improve retinal damage. Flanonoids, being known antioxidants, may ameliorate the retinal degenerative factors including apoptosis, inflammation and neurodegeneration in the diabetic retina. Therefore, intake of potential dietary flavonoids would limit oxidative stress and thereby prevent the retinal damage, and subsequently the development of DR. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.
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MO-C-18A-01: Advances in Model-Based 3D Image Reconstruction
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chen, G; Pan, X; Stayman, J
2014-06-15
Recent years have seen the emergence of CT image reconstruction techniques that exploit physical models of the imaging system, photon statistics, and even the patient to achieve improved 3D image quality and/or reduction of radiation dose. With numerous advantages in comparison to conventional 3D filtered backprojection, such techniques bring a variety of challenges as well, including: a demanding computational load associated with sophisticated forward models and iterative optimization methods; nonlinearity and nonstationarity in image quality characteristics; a complex dependency on multiple free parameters; and the need to understand how best to incorporate prior information (including patient-specific prior images) within themore » reconstruction process. The advantages, however, are even greater – for example: improved image quality; reduced dose; robustness to noise and artifacts; task-specific reconstruction protocols; suitability to novel CT imaging platforms and noncircular orbits; and incorporation of known characteristics of the imager and patient that are conventionally discarded. This symposium features experts in 3D image reconstruction, image quality assessment, and the translation of such methods to emerging clinical applications. Dr. Chen will address novel methods for the incorporation of prior information in 3D and 4D CT reconstruction techniques. Dr. Pan will show recent advances in optimization-based reconstruction that enable potential reduction of dose and sampling requirements. Dr. Stayman will describe a “task-based imaging” approach that leverages models of the imaging system and patient in combination with a specification of the imaging task to optimize both the acquisition and reconstruction process. Dr. Samei will describe the development of methods for image quality assessment in such nonlinear reconstruction techniques and the use of these methods to characterize and optimize image quality and dose in a spectrum of clinical applications. Learning Objectives: Learn the general methodologies associated with model-based 3D image reconstruction. Learn the potential advantages in image quality and dose associated with model-based image reconstruction. Learn the challenges associated with computational load and image quality assessment for such reconstruction methods. Learn how imaging task can be incorporated as a means to drive optimal image acquisition and reconstruction techniques. Learn how model-based reconstruction methods can incorporate prior information to improve image quality, ease sampling requirements, and reduce dose.« less
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Index of Oral Histories Relating to Naval Research and Development
1985-01-01
Repositories: NWC, DTNSRDC, NHC Individuals mentioned: Amlie, Dr. Thomas S. LaBerge , Dr. Walter McLean, Dr. William B. Parsons, RADM William S. Smith...future of R&D in the Navy. Repositories: NWC, DTNSRDC, NHC Individuals mentioned: Bennett, Dr. Ira Hollingsworth, Dr. Guilford L. LaBerge , Dr. Walter...DTNSRDC, NHC Individuals mentioned: Hunter, Dr. Hugh LaBerge . Dr. Walter McLean, Dr. William B. Brode, Dr. Wallace C. Sage, Dr. Bruce Wilson, Dr. Haskell
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Upon Generating (2+1)-dimensional Dynamical Systems
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Yufeng; Bai, Yang; Wu, Lixin
2016-06-01
Under the framework of the Adler-Gel'fand-Dikii(AGD) scheme, we first propose two Hamiltonian operator pairs over a noncommutative ring so that we construct a new dynamical system in 2+1 dimensions, then we get a generalized special Novikov-Veselov (NV) equation via the Manakov triple. Then with the aid of a special symmetric Lie algebra of a reductive homogeneous group G, we adopt the Tu-Andrushkiw-Huang (TAH) scheme to generate a new integrable (2+1)-dimensional dynamical system and its Hamiltonian structure, which can reduce to the well-known (2+1)-dimensional Davey-Stewartson (DS) hierarchy. Finally, we extend the binormial residue representation (briefly BRR) scheme to the super higher dimensional integrable hierarchies with the help of a super subalgebra of the super Lie algebra sl(2/1), which is also a kind of symmetric Lie algebra of the reductive homogeneous group G. As applications, we obtain a super 2+1 dimensional MKdV hierarchy which can be reduced to a super 2+1 dimensional generalized AKNS equation. Finally, we compare the advantages and the shortcomings for the three schemes to generate integrable dynamical systems.
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Concepts, The Journal of Defense Systems Acquisition Management, Autumn 1981, Volume 4, Number 4.
1981-01-01
Reduction in corporate tax rates could provide the needed in- centive for defense contractors to increase their capital investments. The time to take...34penalty for non-fulfillment" is found to be useful in incorpo- rating value judgments into the allocation of resources. Penalty for non-fulfill- ment is...Production Rate Changes: I. Redistributing Fixed Overhead Costs, Cm dr. Steve 1. Balut, USN .......................................... 63 II. Effect of
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Pfiffner, Susan M.
Our current research represents a joint effort between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Florida State University (FSU), and the University of Tennessee. ORNL will serve as the lead institution with Dr. A.V. Palumbo responsible for project coordination, integration, and deliverables. This project was initiated in November, 2004, in the Integrative Studies Element of the NABIR program. The overall goal of our project is to provide an improved understanding of the relationships between microbial community structure, geochemistry, and metal reduction rates.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Chevallier, J. P.; Vaucheret, X.
1986-01-01
A synthesis of current trends in the reduction and computation of wall effects is presented. Some of the points discussed include: (1) for the two-dimensional, transonic tests, various control techniques of boundary conditions are used with adaptive walls offering high precision in determining reference conditions and residual corrections. A reduction in the boundary layer effects of the lateral walls is obtained at T2; (2) for the three-dimensional tests, the methods for the reduction of wall effects are still seldom applied due to a lesser need and to their complexity; (3) the supports holding the model of the probes have to be taken into account in the estimation of perturbatory effects.
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Wideband radar cross section reduction using two-dimensional phase gradient metasurfaces
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Li, Yongfeng; Qu, Shaobo; Wang, Jiafu
2014-06-02
Phase gradient metasurface (PGMs) are artificial surfaces that can provide pre-defined in-plane wave-vectors to manipulate the directions of refracted/reflected waves. In this Letter, we propose to achieve wideband radar cross section (RCS) reduction using two-dimensional (2D) PGMs. A 2D PGM was designed using a square combination of 49 split-ring sub-unit cells. The PGM can provide additional wave-vectors along the two in-plane directions simultaneously, leading to either surface wave conversion, deflected reflection, or diffuse reflection. Both the simulation and experiment results verified the wide-band, polarization-independent, high-efficiency RCS reduction induced by the 2D PGM.
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Target oriented dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral data by Kernel Fukunaga-Koontz Transform
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Binol, Hamidullah; Ochilov, Shuhrat; Alam, Mohammad S.; Bal, Abdullah
2017-02-01
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular technique in remote sensing for dimensionality reduction. While PCA is suitable for data compression, it is not necessarily an optimal technique for feature extraction, particularly when the features are exploited in supervised learning applications (Cheriyadat and Bruce, 2003) [1]. Preserving features belonging to the target is very crucial to the performance of target detection/recognition techniques. Fukunaga-Koontz Transform (FKT) based supervised band reduction technique can be used to provide this requirement. FKT achieves feature selection by transforming into a new space in where feature classes have complimentary eigenvectors. Analysis of these eigenvectors under two classes, target and background clutter, can be utilized for target oriented band reduction since each basis functions best represent target class while carrying least information of the background class. By selecting few eigenvectors which are the most relevant to the target class, dimension of hyperspectral data can be reduced and thus, it presents significant advantages for near real time target detection applications. The nonlinear properties of the data can be extracted by kernel approach which provides better target features. Thus, we propose constructing kernel FKT (KFKT) to present target oriented band reduction. The performance of the proposed KFKT based target oriented dimensionality reduction algorithm has been tested employing two real-world hyperspectral data and results have been reported consequently.
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Symmetry reduction and exact solutions of two higher-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations.
Gu, Yongyi; Qi, Jianming
2017-01-01
In this paper, symmetries and symmetry reduction of two higher-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) are obtained by Lie group method. These NLEEs play an important role in nonlinear sciences. We derive exact solutions to these NLEEs via the [Formula: see text]-expansion method and complex method. Five types of explicit function solutions are constructed, which are rational, exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic and elliptic function solutions of the variables in the considered equations.
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Graph embedding and extensions: a general framework for dimensionality reduction.
Yan, Shuicheng; Xu, Dong; Zhang, Benyu; Zhang, Hong-Jiang; Yang, Qiang; Lin, Stephen
2007-01-01
Over the past few decades, a large family of algorithms - supervised or unsupervised; stemming from statistics or geometry theory - has been designed to provide different solutions to the problem of dimensionality reduction. Despite the different motivations of these algorithms, we present in this paper a general formulation known as graph embedding to unify them within a common framework. In graph embedding, each algorithm can be considered as the direct graph embedding or its linear/kernel/tensor extension of a specific intrinsic graph that describes certain desired statistical or geometric properties of a data set, with constraints from scale normalization or a penalty graph that characterizes a statistical or geometric property that should be avoided. Furthermore, the graph embedding framework can be used as a general platform for developing new dimensionality reduction algorithms. By utilizing this framework as a tool, we propose a new supervised dimensionality reduction algorithm called Marginal Fisher Analysis in which the intrinsic graph characterizes the intraclass compactness and connects each data point with its neighboring points of the same class, while the penalty graph connects the marginal points and characterizes the interclass separability. We show that MFA effectively overcomes the limitations of the traditional Linear Discriminant Analysis algorithm due to data distribution assumptions and available projection directions. Real face recognition experiments show the superiority of our proposed MFA in comparison to LDA, also for corresponding kernel and tensor extensions.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kusratmoko, Eko; Wibowo, Adi; Cholid, Sofyan; Pin, Tjiong Giok
2017-07-01
This paper presents the results of applications of participatory three dimensional mapping (P3DM) method for fqcilitating the people of Cibanteng' village to compile a landslide disaster risk reduction program. Physical factors, as high rainfall, topography, geology and land use, and coupled with the condition of demographic and social-economic factors, make up the Cibanteng region highly susceptible to landslides. During the years 2013-2014 has happened 2 times landslides which caused economic losses, as a result of damage to homes and farmland. Participatory mapping is one part of the activities of community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR)), because of the involvement of local communities is a prerequisite for sustainable disaster risk reduction. In this activity, participatory mapping method are done in two ways, namely participatory two-dimensional mapping (P2DM) with a focus on mapping of disaster areas and participatory three-dimensional mapping (P3DM) with a focus on the entire territory of the village. Based on the results P3DM, the ability of the communities in understanding the village environment spatially well-tested and honed, so as to facilitate the preparation of the CBDRR programs. Furthermore, the P3DM method can be applied to another disaster areas, due to it becomes a medium of effective dialogue between all levels of involved communities.
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Geometric mean for subspace selection.
Tao, Dacheng; Li, Xuelong; Wu, Xindong; Maybank, Stephen J
2009-02-01
Subspace selection approaches are powerful tools in pattern classification and data visualization. One of the most important subspace approaches is the linear dimensionality reduction step in the Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), which has been successfully employed in many fields such as biometrics, bioinformatics, and multimedia information management. However, the linear dimensionality reduction step in FLDA has a critical drawback: for a classification task with c classes, if the dimension of the projected subspace is strictly lower than c - 1, the projection to a subspace tends to merge those classes, which are close together in the original feature space. If separate classes are sampled from Gaussian distributions, all with identical covariance matrices, then the linear dimensionality reduction step in FLDA maximizes the mean value of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergences between different classes. Based on this viewpoint, the geometric mean for subspace selection is studied in this paper. Three criteria are analyzed: 1) maximization of the geometric mean of the KL divergences, 2) maximization of the geometric mean of the normalized KL divergences, and 3) the combination of 1 and 2. Preliminary experimental results based on synthetic data, UCI Machine Learning Repository, and handwriting digits show that the third criterion is a potential discriminative subspace selection method, which significantly reduces the class separation problem in comparing with the linear dimensionality reduction step in FLDA and its several representative extensions.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aviles, Angelica I.; Alsaleh, Samar; Sobrevilla, Pilar; Casals, Alicia
2016-03-01
Robotic-Assisted Surgery approach overcomes the limitations of the traditional laparoscopic and open surgeries. However, one of its major limitations is the lack of force feedback. Since there is no direct interaction between the surgeon and the tissue, there is no way of knowing how much force the surgeon is applying which can result in irreversible injuries. The use of force sensors is not practical since they impose different constraints. Thus, we make use of a neuro-visual approach to estimate the applied forces, in which the 3D shape recovery together with the geometry of motion are used as input to a deep network based on LSTM-RNN architecture. When deep networks are used in real time, pre-processing of data is a key factor to reduce complexity and improve the network performance. A common pre-processing step is dimensionality reduction which attempts to eliminate redundant and insignificant information by selecting a subset of relevant features to use in model construction. In this work, we show the effects of dimensionality reduction in a real-time application: estimating the applied force in Robotic-Assisted Surgeries. According to the results, we demonstrated positive effects of doing dimensionality reduction on deep networks including: faster training, improved network performance, and overfitting prevention. We also show a significant accuracy improvement, ranging from about 33% to 86%, over existing approaches related to force estimation.
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Visualizing phylogenetic tree landscapes.
Wilgenbusch, James C; Huang, Wen; Gallivan, Kyle A
2017-02-02
Genomic-scale sequence alignments are increasingly used to infer phylogenies in order to better understand the processes and patterns of evolution. Different partitions within these new alignments (e.g., genes, codon positions, and structural features) often favor hundreds if not thousands of competing phylogenies. Summarizing and comparing phylogenies obtained from multi-source data sets using current consensus tree methods discards valuable information and can disguise potential methodological problems. Discovery of efficient and accurate dimensionality reduction methods used to display at once in 2- or 3- dimensions the relationship among these competing phylogenies will help practitioners diagnose the limits of current evolutionary models and potential problems with phylogenetic reconstruction methods when analyzing large multi-source data sets. We introduce several dimensionality reduction methods to visualize in 2- and 3-dimensions the relationship among competing phylogenies obtained from gene partitions found in three mid- to large-size mitochondrial genome alignments. We test the performance of these dimensionality reduction methods by applying several goodness-of-fit measures. The intrinsic dimensionality of each data set is also estimated to determine whether projections in 2- and 3-dimensions can be expected to reveal meaningful relationships among trees from different data partitions. Several new approaches to aid in the comparison of different phylogenetic landscapes are presented. Curvilinear Components Analysis (CCA) and a stochastic gradient decent (SGD) optimization method give the best representation of the original tree-to-tree distance matrix for each of the three- mitochondrial genome alignments and greatly outperformed the method currently used to visualize tree landscapes. The CCA + SGD method converged at least as fast as previously applied methods for visualizing tree landscapes. We demonstrate for all three mtDNA alignments that 3D projections significantly increase the fit between the tree-to-tree distances and can facilitate the interpretation of the relationship among phylogenetic trees. We demonstrate that the choice of dimensionality reduction method can significantly influence the spatial relationship among a large set of competing phylogenetic trees. We highlight the importance of selecting a dimensionality reduction method to visualize large multi-locus phylogenetic landscapes and demonstrate that 3D projections of mitochondrial tree landscapes better capture the relationship among the trees being compared.
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Kazmierczak, Steven C; Leen, Todd K; Erdogmus, Deniz; Carreira-Perpinan, Miguel A
2007-01-01
The clinical laboratory generates large amounts of patient-specific data. Detection of errors that arise during pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical processes is difficult. We performed a pilot study, utilizing a multidimensional data reduction technique, to assess the utility of this method for identifying errors in laboratory data. We evaluated 13,670 individual patient records collected over a 2-month period from hospital inpatients and outpatients. We utilized those patient records that contained a complete set of 14 different biochemical analytes. We used two-dimensional generative topographic mapping to project the 14-dimensional record to a two-dimensional space. The use of a two-dimensional generative topographic mapping technique to plot multi-analyte patient data as a two-dimensional graph allows for the rapid identification of potentially anomalous data. Although we performed a retrospective analysis, this technique has the benefit of being able to assess laboratory-generated data in real time, allowing for the rapid identification and correction of anomalous data before they are released to the physician. In addition, serial laboratory multi-analyte data for an individual patient can also be plotted as a two-dimensional plot. This tool might also be useful for assessing patient wellbeing and prognosis.
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Euclidean sections of protein conformation space and their implications in dimensionality reduction
Duan, Mojie; Li, Minghai; Han, Li; Huo, Shuanghong
2014-01-01
Dimensionality reduction is widely used in searching for the intrinsic reaction coordinates for protein conformational changes. We find the dimensionality–reduction methods using the pairwise root–mean–square deviation as the local distance metric face a challenge. We use Isomap as an example to illustrate the problem. We believe that there is an implied assumption for the dimensionality–reduction approaches that aim to preserve the geometric relations between the objects: both the original space and the reduced space have the same kind of geometry, such as Euclidean geometry vs. Euclidean geometry or spherical geometry vs. spherical geometry. When the protein free energy landscape is mapped onto a 2D plane or 3D space, the reduced space is Euclidean, thus the original space should also be Euclidean. For a protein with N atoms, its conformation space is a subset of the 3N-dimensional Euclidean space R3N. We formally define the protein conformation space as the quotient space of R3N by the equivalence relation of rigid motions. Whether the quotient space is Euclidean or not depends on how it is parameterized. When the pairwise root–mean–square deviation is employed as the local distance metric, implicit representations are used for the protein conformation space, leading to no direct correspondence to a Euclidean set. We have demonstrated that an explicit Euclidean-based representation of protein conformation space and the local distance metric associated to it improve the quality of dimensionality reduction in the tetra-peptide and β–hairpin systems. PMID:24913095
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Ding, Jiarui; Condon, Anne; Shah, Sohrab P
2018-05-21
Single-cell RNA-sequencing has great potential to discover cell types, identify cell states, trace development lineages, and reconstruct the spatial organization of cells. However, dimension reduction to interpret structure in single-cell sequencing data remains a challenge. Existing algorithms are either not able to uncover the clustering structures in the data or lose global information such as groups of clusters that are close to each other. We present a robust statistical model, scvis, to capture and visualize the low-dimensional structures in single-cell gene expression data. Simulation results demonstrate that low-dimensional representations learned by scvis preserve both the local and global neighbor structures in the data. In addition, scvis is robust to the number of data points and learns a probabilistic parametric mapping function to add new data points to an existing embedding. We then use scvis to analyze four single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets, exemplifying interpretable two-dimensional representations of the high-dimensional single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2014-06-01
Chairpersons Dr Dinesh Sathyamoorthy, Science & Technology Research Institute for Defence (STRIDE), Ministry of Defence, Malaysia Associate Professor Sr Dr Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Dr Ahmad Fikri Abdullah, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Dr Farrah Melissa Muharram, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Members Professor Dr Li Jing, Beijing Normal University, China Professor Dr Iyyanki Muralikrishna, Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI), India Professor Dr Alias Abdul Rahman, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Professor Dr Ismat Mohamed El Hassan, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Professor Dr George Miliaresis, Open University of Cyprus, Cyprus Professor Dr Christine Pohl, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Professor Dr Mahender Kotha, Goa University, India Associate Professor Dr Paolo Gamba, University of Pavia, Italy Associate Professor Dr Behara Seshadri Daya Sagar, Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), India Associate Professor Sr Ranjit Singh, Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Abdul Nasir Matori, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Malaysia Associate Dr Lucian Dragut, West University of Timişoara, Romania Associate Professor Dr Saied Pirasteh, Islamic Azad University, Iran Associate Professor Dr Peter Yuen, Cranfield University, United Kingdom Associate Professor Dr Lim Hwee San, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Wayan Suparta, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Tuong Thuy Vu, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Maged Mahmoud Marghany, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Rami Al-Ruzouq, University of Sharjah, UAE Associate Professor Dr Biswajeet Pradhan, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Benny Peter, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Norzailawati Mohd Nor, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Malaysia Dr Josée Lévesque, Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), Canada Dr Ali Ariapour, Islamic Azad University, Iran Dr Zulkiflee Abd Latif, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Dr Lim Tien Sze, Multimedia University (MMU), Malaysia Dr Ruzinoor Che Mat, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Malaysia Dr Eran Sadek Said Md Sadek, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Dr Siti Khairunniza Bejo, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Dr Ramin Nourqolipour, National Organization of Forest, Range and Watershed Manage Sr Mohktar Azizi Mohd Din, Universiti Malaya Col (Rt) Frederic Hernoust, Magelli Marzieh Mokarram, University of Isf Mohd Fadhil Abuhan, Royal Malaysian Police, Malaysia
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Lowyck, Benedicte; Luyten, Patrick; Verhaest, Yannic; Vandeneede, Bart; Vermote, Rudi
2013-06-01
Recently, the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group has proposed a multiple level approach toward the classification and diagnosis of personality disorders (PDs), with the first level entailing a rating of impairments in levels of personality functioning. Although a number of measures that assess levels of personality functioning have been validated, given its prominent status in the DSM-5 proposal and contemporary theories of personality pathology, the Work Group has called for more research in this area (e.g., Bender, Morey, & Skodol, 2011). In response to this call, this study investigates the relationship between two major, well-validated dimensional measures of levels of personality functioning, that is, the Differentiation-Relatedness Scale (DR-S; Diamond, Blatt, Stayner, & Kaslow, 1991), as scored on the Object Relations Inventory (ORI; Blatt, Wein, Chevron, & Quinlan, 1979), and the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO; Lenzenweger, Clarkin, Kernberg, & Foelsch, 2001), a self-report instrument, and their relationship with different measures of clinical and interpersonal functioning in 70 patients with a PD. First, results showed that higher levels of differentiation and relatedness of descriptions of self and significant others, and of the self in particular, were negatively related to indices of personality functioning as assessed by the IPO. Lower levels of personality functioning, as measured with both the DR-S and the IPO, were positively related to severity of depression, symptomatic distress, self-harm, and interpersonal problems. Finally, results showed that the DR-S and the IPO independently predicted clinical features and interpersonal functioning. Hence, this study lends further support for the concurrent and predictive validity of the DR-S and the IPO in assessing levels of personality functioning. However, more research concerning the validity of these measures in assessing levels of personality functioning is needed. Suggestions for further research are formulated.
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Internal Kinematics of the Tongue Following Volume Reduction
SHCHERBATYY, VOLODYMYR; PERKINS, JONATHAN A.; LIU, ZI-JUN
2008-01-01
This study was undertaken to determine the functional consequences following tongue volume reduction on tongue internal kinematics during mastication and neuromuscular stimulation in a pig model. Six ultrasonic-crystals were implanted into the tongue body in a wedge-shaped configuration which allows recording distance changes in the bilateral length (LENG) and posterior thickness (THICK), as well as anterior (AW), posterior dorsal (PDW), and ventral (PVW) widths in 12 Yucatan-minipigs. Six animals received a uniform mid-sagittal tongue volume reduction surgery (reduction), and the other six had identical incisions without tissue removal (sham). The initial-distances among each crystal-pairs were recorded before, and immediately after surgery to calculate the dimensional losses. Referring to the initial-distance there were 3−66% and 1−4% tongue dimensional losses by the reduction and sham surgeries, respectively. The largest deformation in sham animals during mastication was in AW, significantly larger than LENG, PDW, PVW, and THICK (P < 0.01−0.001). In reduction animals, however, these deformational changes significantly diminished and enhanced in the anterior and posterior tongue, respectively (P < 0.05−0.001). In both groups, neuromuscular stimulation produced deformational ranges that were 2−4 times smaller than those occurred during chewing. Furthermore, reduction animals showed significantly decreased ranges of deformation in PVW, LENG, and THICK (P < 0.05−0.01). These results indicate that tongue volume reduction alters the tongue internal kinematics, and the dimensional losses in the anterior tongue caused by volume reduction can be compensated by increased deformations in the posterior tongue during mastication. This compensatory effect, however, diminishes during stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve and individual tongue muscles. PMID:18484603
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Dimensional Reduction for the General Markov Model on Phylogenetic Trees.
Sumner, Jeremy G
2017-03-01
We present a method of dimensional reduction for the general Markov model of sequence evolution on a phylogenetic tree. We show that taking certain linear combinations of the associated random variables (site pattern counts) reduces the dimensionality of the model from exponential in the number of extant taxa, to quadratic in the number of taxa, while retaining the ability to statistically identify phylogenetic divergence events. A key feature is the identification of an invariant subspace which depends only bilinearly on the model parameters, in contrast to the usual multi-linear dependence in the full space. We discuss potential applications including the computation of split (edge) weights on phylogenetic trees from observed sequence data.
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Committee for International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research (ICMER 2011)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yusoff, Ahmad Razlan Bin
2012-09-01
Scientific Advisory Committee: 1) Prof. Dr. Ahmad Kamal Ariffin (UKM) 2) Prof. Dr. Hj. Rosli Abu Bakar (UMP) 3) Prof. Dr. Hanafi Ismail (USM) 4) Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor (MoHE) 5) Prof. Dr. Zahari Taha (UMP) 6) Prof. Dr. Masjuki Haji Hassan 7) Prof. Ir. Dr. Ramesh Singh (UNITEN) 8) Prof. Dr. Razali Ayob (UTEM) 9) Prof. Dr. Wan Khairuddin (UTM) 10) Prof. Dr. Sulaiman Hj. Hasan (UTHM) 11) Prof. Dr. Zuraidah Mohd. Zain (UniMAP) 12) Prof. Dr. Horizon Gitano (USM) 13) Prof. Dr. K.V Sharma (UMP) 14) Prof. Dr. Shahrani Anuar (UMP) 15) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abd Rashid Abd. Aziz (UTP) 16) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aidy Ali (UPM) 17) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Saidur Rahman (UM) 18) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Md Abdul Maleque (UIA) Organizing Committee Chairman: Prof. Dr. Hj. Rosli Abu Bakar Co-Chair: Prof. Dr. Zahari Taha Co-Chair: Prof. Ir. Dr. Jailani Salihon Secretary: Dr. Rizalman Mamat Committee on Keynote Speaker 1) Kumaran Kadirgama (Chair) 2) Prof. Dr. K.V. Sharma 3) Haji Amirruddin Abdul Kadir 4) Miminorazeansuhaila Loman 5) Mohd Akramin Mohd Romlay Technical Committee (Peer Review & Proceedings) 1) Dr. Abdul Adam Abdullah (Chair) 2) Dr. Ahmad Razlan Yusoff 3) Mohd Yusof Taib 4) Dr. Md. Mustafizur Rahman 5) Dr. Hjh. Yusnita Rahayu 6) Dr. Gigih Priyandoko 7) Dr. Agung Sudrajad 8) Muhammad Hatifi Mansor 9) Mohd Fadzil Abdul Rahim Technical Committee (Panels & Session Chairs) 1) Dr. Mahadzir Ishak (Chair) 2) Prof. Dr. Shahrani Anuar 3) Dr. Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim Mohamed 4) Muhammad Ammar Nik Mu'tasim 5) Ahmad Basirul Subha bin Alias Technical Committee (Journal Publication) 1) Dr. Ahmad Razlan bin Yusoff (Chair) 2) Mohd Yusof Taib 3) Dr. Mahadzir Ishak 4) Dr. Abdul Adam Abdullah 5) Hj. Amirruddin Abdul Kadir 6) Hadi Abdul Salaam Bureau of Publicity & Website 1) Dr. Muhamad Arifpin Mansor (Chair) 2) Amir Abdul Razak 3) Idris Mat Sahat 4) Prof. Dr. Hj. Rosli Abu Bakar 5) Muhamad Zuhairi Sulaiman 6) Dr. Sugeng Ariyono 7) Asnul Hadi Ahmad 8) Mohd Tarmizy Che Kar 9) Mohd Padzly Radzi Bureau of Special Task & Poster 1) Lee Giok Chui (Chair) 2) Mohd Fadzil Abdul Rahim 3) Che Ku Eddy Nizwan 4) Hazami Che Hussain 5) Mohd Fazli Ismail 6) Mahdhir Mohd Yusof 7) Mohd Padzly Radzi 8) Rahimah Che Ramli Secretariats 1) Ir. Ahmad Rasdan Ismail (Chair) 2) Mohd Shahri Mohd Akhir 3) Luqman Hakim Ahmad Shah 4) Juliawati Alias 5) Nurazima Ismail 6) Mohamad Faizal Mohamed Zahri 7) Raja Allen Jordan Izzuddin Shah 8) Rosidah Mohd Norsat 9) Norshalawati Mat Yusof 10) Zainab Daud 11) Nur Sufiah Jamaludin 12) Azslinda Ibrahim 13) Nurul Azreen Zainal Abidin 14) Nurul Ashikin Mohd Khalil 15) Mohd Zaki Mohd Ali
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kondolf, G. M.; Piégay, H.; Landon, N.
2002-06-01
The catchments of Pine Creek, Idaho, USA (200 km 2), and the Drôme River in the Drôme Department, France (1640 km 2), illustrate contrasting changes in land use, bedload sediment production, and channel response. Hard-rock mining began in the catchment of Pine Creek near the end of the 19th century and, together with road construction, timber harvest, and historically heavy grazing of uplands, resulted in increased tributary bedload yield. Increased bedload migrating to the channel, combined with removal of large cedar trees on the floodplain, resulted in channel instability, which propagated downstream over a period of decades. On many reaches of Pine Creek, active channel width has increased by over 50% since 1933. Over roughly the same time period, the Drôme River catchment was extensively reforested (after at least one century of denudation and heavy grazing) and numerous check dams were constructed on torrents to reduce erosion. As a result, the Drôme River has experienced a reduction in bedload sediment supply since the late 19th century. In addition, gravel has been extracted from some reaches. Consequently, the channel has degraded and gravel bars have been colonized with woody riparian vegetation. Channel widths in wide, braided reaches decreased from 1947 to 1970 by 60%. On Pine Creek, channel instability has resulted in bank erosion (exposing contaminated mine tailings) and increased flood hazard. On the Drôme River, degradation has undermined bridges and embankments, and lowered the water table in areas dependent on groundwater for irrigation, resulting in loss of 6 million m 3 of groundwater storage since 1960. Though they differ in drainage area by nearly an order of magnitude, Pine Creek and the Drôme River provide an excellent contrast in that they represent two sides of an epicycle of alluvial sedimentation set off in each case by land disturbance. In both cases, the most recent channel changes, though in opposite directions, were viewed as negative by river managers. On Pine Creek, managers have removed (or protected from erosion) mine tailings, and have attempted to train the stream into a more stable channel, and most rock waste piles (the principal sediment sources) have recently been controlled. On the Drôme River, managers have prohibited gravel mining and adopted new policies to permit coarse sediment to migrate through the river system.
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A Review on Dimension Reduction
Ma, Yanyuan; Zhu, Liping
2013-01-01
Summary Summarizing the effect of many covariates through a few linear combinations is an effective way of reducing covariate dimension and is the backbone of (sufficient) dimension reduction. Because the replacement of high-dimensional covariates by low-dimensional linear combinations is performed with a minimum assumption on the specific regression form, it enjoys attractive advantages as well as encounters unique challenges in comparison with the variable selection approach. We review the current literature of dimension reduction with an emphasis on the two most popular models, where the dimension reduction affects the conditional distribution and the conditional mean, respectively. We discuss various estimation and inference procedures in different levels of detail, with the intention of focusing on their underneath idea instead of technicalities. We also discuss some unsolved problems in this area for potential future research. PMID:23794782
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Three New (2+1)-dimensional Integrable Systems and Some Related Darboux Transformations
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guo, Xiu-Rong
2016-06-01
We introduce two operator commutators by using different-degree loop algebras of the Lie algebra A1, then under the framework of zero curvature equations we generate two (2+1)-dimensional integrable hierarchies, including the (2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave (SWW) hierarchy and the (2+1)-dimensional Kaup-Newell (KN) hierarchy. Through reduction of the (2+1)-dimensional hierarchies, we get a (2+1)-dimensional SWW equation and a (2+1)-dimensional KN equation. Furthermore, we obtain two Darboux transformations of the (2+1)-dimensional SWW equation. Similarly, the Darboux transformations of the (2+1)-dimensional KN equation could be deduced. Finally, with the help of the spatial spectral matrix of SWW hierarchy, we generate a (2+1) heat equation and a (2+1) nonlinear generalized SWW system containing inverse operators with respect to the variables x and y by using a reduction spectral problem from the self-dual Yang-Mills equations. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11371361, the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. ZR2012AQ011, ZR2013AL016, ZR2015EM042, National Social Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 13BJY026, the Development of Science and Technology Project under Grant No. 2015NS1048 and A Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program under Grant No. J14LI58
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Reduction of Large Dynamical Systems by Minimization of Evolution Rate
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Girimaji, Sharath S.
1999-01-01
Reduction of a large system of equations to a lower-dimensional system of similar dynamics is investigated. For dynamical systems with disparate timescales, a criterion for determining redundant dimensions and a general reduction method based on the minimization of evolution rate are proposed.
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IMF / World Bank boards of governors discuss population, migration.
1994-05-01
A brief presentation was given of the statements Dr. Nafis Sadik, Executive Director of the UN Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) and Secretary General of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), made before a meeting of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank on resource flows to developing countries, population, international trade, and migration. The meeting was attended by finance ministers from 24 countries. The IMF Managing Director gave an overview at the meeting of the world economic situation and the need for international assistance for effective population and family planning programs. Dr. Sadik emphasized this need as a requirement for implementation of the 20-year ICPD Programme of Action. The increased investment was considered beneficial because it would increase life expectancy, lower demand for health and education services, reduce pressure in the job market, reduce economic hardship, and increase social stability. The growth of prosperity was considered by Dr. Sadik to be tied to increased demand for housing, energy, and utilities. A slower and more balanced population growth would allow for government services to meet demands and for the world to adjust to increasing numbers of people. Several ministers supported the call for increased funding of population programs and poverty reduction programs. A special communique by ministers recognized that the connections between economic growth, population, poverty reduction, health, investment in human resources, and environmental degradation must be integrated into population policy. Ministers urged the ICPD to emphasize improvements in primary school enrollment in low income countries, in access to family planning and health services, and in maternal and child mortality rates. Ministers wanted to see increases in the proportion of aid directed to population programs above the current 1.25%. Requests were made for more research into the social, political, and economic impact of international migration among both host and origin countries.
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Sample Dimensionality Effects on d' and Proportion of Correct Responses in Discrimination Testing.
Bloom, David J; Lee, Soo-Yeun
2016-09-01
Products in the food and beverage industry have varying levels of dimensionality ranging from pure water to multicomponent food products, which can modify sensory perception and possibly influence discrimination testing results. The objectives of the study were to determine the impact of (1) sample dimensionality and (2) complex formulation changes on the d' and proportion of correct response of the 3-AFC and triangle methods. Two experiments were conducted using 47 prescreened subjects who performed either triangle or 3-AFC test procedures. In Experiment I, subjects performed 3-AFC and triangle tests using model solutions with different levels of dimensionality. Samples increased in dimensionality from 1-dimensional sucrose in water solution to 3-dimensional sucrose, citric acid, and flavor in water solution. In Experiment II, subjects performed 3-AFC and triangle tests using 3-dimensional solutions. Sample pairs differed in all 3 dimensions simultaneously to represent complex formulation changes. Two forms of complexity were compared: dilution, where all dimensions decreased in the same ratio, and compensation, where a dimension was increased to compensate for a reduction in another. The proportion of correct responses decreased for both methods when the dimensionality was increased from 1- to 2-dimensional samples. No reduction in correct responses was observed from 2- to 3-dimensional samples. No significant differences in d' were demonstrated between the 2 methods when samples with complex formulation changes were tested. Results reveal an impact on proportion of correct responses due to sample dimensionality and should be explored further using a wide range of sample formulations. © 2016 Institute of Food Technologists®
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cui, Tiangang; Marzouk, Youssef; Willcox, Karen
2016-06-01
Two major bottlenecks to the solution of large-scale Bayesian inverse problems are the scaling of posterior sampling algorithms to high-dimensional parameter spaces and the computational cost of forward model evaluations. Yet incomplete or noisy data, the state variation and parameter dependence of the forward model, and correlations in the prior collectively provide useful structure that can be exploited for dimension reduction in this setting-both in the parameter space of the inverse problem and in the state space of the forward model. To this end, we show how to jointly construct low-dimensional subspaces of the parameter space and the state space in order to accelerate the Bayesian solution of the inverse problem. As a byproduct of state dimension reduction, we also show how to identify low-dimensional subspaces of the data in problems with high-dimensional observations. These subspaces enable approximation of the posterior as a product of two factors: (i) a projection of the posterior onto a low-dimensional parameter subspace, wherein the original likelihood is replaced by an approximation involving a reduced model; and (ii) the marginal prior distribution on the high-dimensional complement of the parameter subspace. We present and compare several strategies for constructing these subspaces using only a limited number of forward and adjoint model simulations. The resulting posterior approximations can rapidly be characterized using standard sampling techniques, e.g., Markov chain Monte Carlo. Two numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our approach: inversion of an integral equation in atmospheric remote sensing, where the data dimension is very high; and the inference of a heterogeneous transmissivity field in a groundwater system, which involves a partial differential equation forward model with high dimensional state and parameters.
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Nonlinear dimensionality reduction of data lying on the multicluster manifold.
Meng, Deyu; Leung, Yee; Fung, Tung; Xu, Zongben
2008-08-01
A new method, which is called decomposition-composition (D-C) method, is proposed for the nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) of data lying on the multicluster manifold. The main idea is first to decompose a given data set into clusters and independently calculate the low-dimensional embeddings of each cluster by the decomposition procedure. Based on the intercluster connections, the embeddings of all clusters are then composed into their proper positions and orientations by the composition procedure. Different from other NLDR methods for multicluster data, which consider associatively the intracluster and intercluster information, the D-C method capitalizes on the separate employment of the intracluster neighborhood structures and the intercluster topologies for effective dimensionality reduction. This, on one hand, isometrically preserves the rigid-body shapes of the clusters in the embedding process and, on the other hand, guarantees the proper locations and orientations of all clusters. The theoretical arguments are supported by a series of experiments performed on the synthetic and real-life data sets. In addition, the computational complexity of the proposed method is analyzed, and its efficiency is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. Related strategies for automatic parameter selection are also examined.
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Noorafshan, Ali; Karimi, Fatemeh; Kamali, Ali-Mohammad; Karbalay-Doust, Saied; Nami, Mohammad
2017-11-15
The present study examined the consequences of rapid eye-movement sleep-deprivation (REM-SD) with or without curcumin treatment. The outcome measures comprised quantitative features in the three-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) CA1 and dentate gyrus in experimental and control animals using stereological procedures. Male rats were arbitrarily assigned to nine groups based on the intervention and treatment administered including: 1-cage control+distilled water, 2-cage control+curcumin (100mg/kg/day), 3-cage control+olive oil, 4-REM-SD+distilled water, 5-REM-SD+curcumin, 6-REM-SD+olive oil, 7-grid-floor control+distilled water, 8-grid-floor control+curcumin, and 9-grid-floor control+olive oil. Animals in the latter three groups were placed on wire-mesh grids in the sleep-deprivation box. REM-SD was induced by an apparatus comprising a water tank and multiple platforms. After a period of 21days, rats were submitted to the novel object-recognition task. Later, their brains were excised and evaluated using stereological methods. Our results indicated a respective 29% and 31% reduction in the total volume of CA1, and dentate gyrus in REM-SD+distilled water group as compared to the grid-floor control+distilled water group (p<0.05). Other than the above, the overall number of the pyramidal cells of CA1 and granular cells of dentate gyrus in the sleep-deprived group were found to be reduced by 48% and 25%, respectively. The REM-SD+distilled water group also exhibited impaired object recognition memory and deformed three-dimensional reconstructions of these regions. The volume, cell number, reconstruction, object recognition time, and body weight were however recovered in the REM-SD+curcumin compared to the REM-SD+distilled water group. This suggests the potential neuro-restorative effects of curcumin in our model. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction to Discover Interesting Patterns in Binary Data
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Palumbo, Francesco; D'Enza, Alfonso Iodice
The attention towards binary data coding increased consistently in the last decade due to several reasons. The analysis of binary data characterizes several fields of application, such as market basket analysis, DNA microarray data, image mining, text mining and web-clickstream mining. The paper illustrates two different approaches exploiting a profitable combination of clustering and dimensionality reduction for the identification of non-trivial association structures in binary data. An application in the Association Rules framework supports the theory with the empirical evidence.
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Akram, M Nadeem; Tong, Zhaomin; Ouyang, Guangmin; Chen, Xuyuan; Kartashov, Vladimir
2010-06-10
We utilize spatial and angular diversity to achieve speckle reduction in laser illumination. Both free-space and imaging geometry configurations are considered. A fast two-dimensional scanning micromirror is employed to steer the laser beam. A simple experimental setup is built to demonstrate the application of our technique in a two-dimensional laser picture projection. Experimental results show that the speckle contrast factor can be reduced down to 5% within the integration time of the detector.
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Argyres–Douglas theories, S 1 reductions, and topological symmetries
Buican, Matthew; Nishinaka, Takahiro
2015-12-21
In a recent paper, we proposed closed-form expressions for the superconformal indices of the (A(1), A(2n-3)) and(A(1), D-2n) Argyres-Douglas (AD) superconformal field theories (SCFTs) in the Schur limit. Following up on our results, we turn our attention to the small S-1 regime of these indices. As expected on general grounds, our study reproduces the S-3 partition functions of the resulting dimensionally reduced theories. However, we show that in all cases-with the exception of the reduction of the (A(1), D-4) SCFTcertain imaginary partners of real mass terms are turned on in the corresponding mirror theories. We interpret these deformations as Rmore » symmetry mixing with the topological symmetries of the direct S-1 reductions. Moreover, we argue that these shifts occur in any of our theories whose four-dimensional N = 2 superconformal U(1)(R) symmetry does not obey an SU(2) quantization condition. We then use our R symmetry map to find the fourdimensional ancestors of certain three-dimensional operators. Somewhat surprisingly, this picture turns out to imply that the scaling dimensions of many of the chiral operators of the four-dimensional theory are encoded in accidental symmetries of the three-dimensional theory. We also comment on the implications of our work on the space of general N = 2 SCFTs.« less
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Argyres–Douglas theories, S 1 reductions, and topological symmetries
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Buican, Matthew; Nishinaka, Takahiro
In a recent paper, we proposed closed-form expressions for the superconformal indices of the (A(1), A(2n-3)) and(A(1), D-2n) Argyres-Douglas (AD) superconformal field theories (SCFTs) in the Schur limit. Following up on our results, we turn our attention to the small S-1 regime of these indices. As expected on general grounds, our study reproduces the S-3 partition functions of the resulting dimensionally reduced theories. However, we show that in all cases-with the exception of the reduction of the (A(1), D-4) SCFTcertain imaginary partners of real mass terms are turned on in the corresponding mirror theories. We interpret these deformations as Rmore » symmetry mixing with the topological symmetries of the direct S-1 reductions. Moreover, we argue that these shifts occur in any of our theories whose four-dimensional N = 2 superconformal U(1)(R) symmetry does not obey an SU(2) quantization condition. We then use our R symmetry map to find the fourdimensional ancestors of certain three-dimensional operators. Somewhat surprisingly, this picture turns out to imply that the scaling dimensions of many of the chiral operators of the four-dimensional theory are encoded in accidental symmetries of the three-dimensional theory. We also comment on the implications of our work on the space of general N = 2 SCFTs.« less
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nicolini, Paolo; Frezzato, Diego
2013-06-01
Simplification of chemical kinetics description through dimensional reduction is particularly important to achieve an accurate numerical treatment of complex reacting systems, especially when stiff kinetics are considered and a comprehensive picture of the evolving system is required. To this aim several tools have been proposed in the past decades, such as sensitivity analysis, lumping approaches, and exploitation of time scales separation. In addition, there are methods based on the existence of the so-called slow manifolds, which are hyper-surfaces of lower dimension than the one of the whole phase-space and in whose neighborhood the slow evolution occurs after an initial fast transient. On the other hand, all tools contain to some extent a degree of subjectivity which seems to be irremovable. With reference to macroscopic and spatially homogeneous reacting systems under isothermal conditions, in this work we shall adopt a phenomenological approach to let self-emerge the dimensional reduction from the mathematical structure of the evolution law. By transforming the original system of polynomial differential equations, which describes the chemical evolution, into a universal quadratic format, and making a direct inspection of the high-order time-derivatives of the new dynamic variables, we then formulate a conjecture which leads to the concept of an "attractiveness" region in the phase-space where a well-defined state-dependent rate function ω has the simple evolution dot{ω }= - ω ^2 along any trajectory up to the stationary state. This constitutes, by itself, a drastic dimensional reduction from a system of N-dimensional equations (being N the number of chemical species) to a one-dimensional and universal evolution law for such a characteristic rate. Step-by-step numerical inspections on model kinetic schemes are presented. In the companion paper [P. Nicolini and D. Frezzato, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 234102 (2013)], 10.1063/1.4809593 this outcome will be naturally related to the appearance (and hence, to the definition) of the slow manifolds.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
So, Hongyun; Senesky, Debbie G.
2016-01-01
In this letter, three-dimensional gateless AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were demonstrated with 54% reduction in electrical resistance and 73% increase in surface area compared with conventional gateless HEMTs on planar substrates. Inverted pyramidal AlGaN/GaN surfaces were microfabricated using potassium hydroxide etched silicon with exposed (111) surfaces and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of coherent AlGaN/GaN thin films. In addition, electrical characterization of the devices showed that a combination of series and parallel connections of the highly conductive two-dimensional electron gas along the pyramidal geometry resulted in a significant reduction in electrical resistance at both room and high temperatures (up to 300 °C). This three-dimensional HEMT architecture can be leveraged to realize low-power and reliable power electronics, as well as harsh environment sensors with increased surface area.
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Fan, Yichao; Liu, Kun; Wang, Qingping; Ruan, Yuanyuan; Ye, Wen; Zhang, Yu
2014-10-01
The breakdown of the inner endothelial blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and subsequent retinal vascular leakage are the main causes of vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Exendin-4 (E4) is a long-acting agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 1 hormone receptor (GLP-1R) that is widely used in clinics and has shown a neuroprotective effect. Our previous studies demonstrated the protective effect of E4 in early experimental DR; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate this protective effect are not fully known. The BRB plays a key role in DR. We speculated that E4 may exert its protective effects on the BRB. To test this hypothesis, E4 (0.1 μg/2 μL/eye) or vehicle were intravitreally injected into diabetic Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats and control animals. The results revealed that E4 significantly inhibited the reductions in electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes in the GK rats, particularly in the b-wave and oscillatory potentials (OPs). E4 upregulated retinal GLP-1R expression and downregulated the expressions of placental growth factor (PLGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via the ERK and AKT/PKB pathways. Decreases in tight junction protein (i.e., claudin-5 and occludin) expression and increases in Evans blue permeation (EBP) were inhibited by E4. Similar results were also found in primary rat Müller cells in high glucose concentration cultures in vitro. We conclude that E4 may protect the BRB from diabetic insults by decreasing PLGF and ICAM-1 expression and maintaining the integrity of the BRB. Thus, E4 treatment may be an effective therapeutic approach for DR. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Aragona, Pasquale; Spinella, Rosaria; Rania, Laura; Postorino, Elisa; Sommario, Margherita S; Roszkowska, Anna M; Puzzolo, Domenico
2013-01-01
To study the effects of a low administration rate and low concentration (0.1%) of clobetasone butyrate eyedrops in patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS). This prospective, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study included 40 subjects divided into 2 treatment groups: group 1 (2% polyvinylpyrrolidone eyedrops and placebo) and group 2 (2% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0.1% clobetasone butyrate, 1 drop BID). The treatment lasted for 30 days, with visits at enrollment, baseline, day 15, day 30, and after 15 days of treatment discontinuation. At each visit, symptoms questionnaire, tear film break-up time, corneal fluorescein stain, lissamine green stain, conjunctival impression cytology for human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and fundus examination were performed. No changes in IOP or fundus examination were observed in either group at each time point. Group 1 patients showed at day 30 a statistically significant amelioration of symptoms and reduction of HLA-DR expression. No changes in other parameters were detected. Group 2 patients showed at day 15 a statistically significant improvement of corneal and conjunctival stain versus baseline values and group 1 at the same time; after 30 days the symptoms score was statistically significantly better than baseline values and group 1 at the same time. The HLA-DR expression and the epithelial cells area were statistically significantly reduced versus baseline and group 1 at the same time. Anti-inflammatory therapy is critical for the treatment of SS dry eye. Clobetasone butyrate, at low dosage, proved to be safe and effective in treating this condition.
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Hu, Yu-Chen
2018-01-01
The emergence of smart Internet of Things (IoT) devices has highly favored the realization of smart homes in a down-stream sector of a smart grid. The underlying objective of Demand Response (DR) schemes is to actively engage customers to modify their energy consumption on domestic appliances in response to pricing signals. Domestic appliance scheduling is widely accepted as an effective mechanism to manage domestic energy consumption intelligently. Besides, to residential customers for DR implementation, maintaining a balance between energy consumption cost and users’ comfort satisfaction is a challenge. Hence, in this paper, a constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based residential consumer-centric load-scheduling method is proposed. The method can be further featured with edge computing. In contrast with cloud computing, edge computing—a method of optimizing cloud computing technologies by driving computing capabilities at the IoT edge of the Internet as one of the emerging trends in engineering technology—addresses bandwidth-intensive contents and latency-sensitive applications required among sensors and central data centers through data analytics at or near the source of data. A non-intrusive load-monitoring technique proposed previously is utilized to automatic determination of physical characteristics of power-intensive home appliances from users’ life patterns. The swarm intelligence, constrained PSO, is used to minimize the energy consumption cost while considering users’ comfort satisfaction for DR implementation. The residential consumer-centric load-scheduling method proposed in this paper is evaluated under real-time pricing with inclining block rates and is demonstrated in a case study. The experimentation reported in this paper shows the proposed residential consumer-centric load-scheduling method can re-shape loads by home appliances in response to DR signals. Moreover, a phenomenal reduction in peak power consumption is achieved by 13.97%. PMID:29702607
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Rolando, Maurizio; Vagge, Aldo
2017-06-01
Evaluation of 0.3% cortisol phosphate eye drops in hyaluronic acid vehicle in the treatment of dry eye in Sjogren Syndrome. This prospective, single-center, masked (single blind), randomized controlled study included 40 female patients divided into 2 groups, group 1 treated with Idracemi, 0.3% cortisol phosphate eye drops twice a day, and group 2 treated with Cortivis, 0.3% cortisol phosphate in hyaluronic acid vehicle, with the same posology. Screening (day -7), randomization (day 0), follow-up (day 7), and termination (day 28) visits were conducted. Symptoms (VAS) questionnaire, tear film breakup time, corneo-conjunctival stain, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and fundus examination were performed at each visit. Conjunctival impression cytology for human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression at visit 1 and 4 was also performed. No changes in IOP or fundus examination were observed in either group at each time point. Group 1 showed at day 28 a statistically significant amelioration of symptoms and reduction of HLA-DR expression. Group 2 showed at day 7 statistically significant improvement of corneal and conjunctival stain versus baseline and versus group 1; the symptom score was statistically significantly better than baseline and versus group 1 after 28 days too. The HLA-DR expression and the epithelial cell area were statistically significantly reduced versus baseline and versus group 1 at the same time. Cortisol phosphate proved to be safe and effective in treating dry eye in Sjogren Syndrome patients in both formulations. However, the formula with hyaluronic acid vehicle proved to be more effective. Both formulations were very well tolerated.
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Opportunities for Automated Demand Response in California Wastewater Treatment Facilities
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Aghajanzadeh, Arian; Wray, Craig; McKane, Aimee
Previous research over a period of six years has identified wastewater treatment facilities as good candidates for demand response (DR), automated demand response (Auto-DR), and Energy Efficiency (EE) measures. This report summarizes that work, including the characteristics of wastewater treatment facilities, the nature of the wastewater stream, energy used and demand, as well as details of the wastewater treatment process. It also discusses control systems and automated demand response opportunities. Furthermore, this report summarizes the DR potential of three wastewater treatment facilities. In particular, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has collected data at these facilities from control systems, submetered processmore » equipment, utility electricity demand records, and governmental weather stations. The collected data were then used to generate a summary of wastewater power demand, factors affecting that demand, and demand response capabilities. These case studies show that facilities that have implemented energy efficiency measures and that have centralized control systems are well suited to shed or shift electrical loads in response to financial incentives, utility bill savings, and/or opportunities to enhance reliability of service. In summary, municipal wastewater treatment energy demand in California is large, and energy-intensive equipment offers significant potential for automated demand response. In particular, large load reductions were achieved by targeting effluent pumps and centrifuges. One of the limiting factors to implementing demand response is the reaction of effluent turbidity to reduced aeration at an earlier stage of the process. Another limiting factor is that cogeneration capabilities of municipal facilities, including existing power purchase agreements and utility receptiveness to purchasing electricity from cogeneration facilities, limit a facility’s potential to participate in other DR activities.« less
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Toward New Horizons. Volume 10. Explosives and Terminal Ballistics
1946-05-01
DuBridge Dr. W. J. Sweeney Dr. Pol Duwez Dr. H. S. Tsien Dr. G. Gamow Dr. G. E. Valley Dr. I. A. Getting Dr. F. L. Wattendorf Dr. L. P. Hammett Dr. F...can be calculated, if the heat quantities for the explosive are known, and some assumptions are made concerning the equation of the state of the
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Kostka, Joel E.
Summary of Results to Date: Our current research represents a joint effort between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Florida State University (FSU), and the University of Tennessee. ORNL will serve as the lead institution with Dr. A.V. Palumbo responsible for project coordination, integration, and deliverables. This project was initiated in November, 2004, in the Integrative Studies Element of the NABIR program. The overall goal of our project is to provide an improved understanding of the relationships between microbial community structure, geochemistry, and metal reduction rates.
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The Reduction of Smoke Emissions from Allison T56 Engines
1990-03-01
10 P.N. DoogoodD *Royal Australian Air Force _ Approved for public release. (C) COMMONWEALTH OF AUSITALIA 1990 MARCH 1990 This work is copyright. Apart...ALLISON T56 ENGINES by F.W. Skidmore D.R. Hunt * P.N. Doogood *Royal Australian Ar Force SUMMARY Aeronautical Research Laboratory (ARL) has been working ... work consisted of a literature survey, design and manufacture of a water tunnel model, water tunnel testing of various modifications to improve the
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The Influence of Heat Transfer on the Drag of Airfoils.
1981-04-01
OF STANDARDS-1963-A LL b AFWAL-TR-81- 3030 THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT TRANSFER ON THE DRAG OF AIRFOILS DR. JOHN D. LEE The Aeronautical and Astronautical...if necReary mid identify by block number) Airfoils , Subsonic, Transonic, Supercritical, Laminar Flow, Transition, Drag Reduction, Heat Transfer...determine the effects of surface temperature on the drag of airfoils . Models of an aft- loaded profile and of a NACA 65A413 were tested with separate models
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2015-04-23
synaptic and post-synaptic compartments, resulting in a lower apparent rate of synaptic activity (Wang et al., 2003; Chalifoux and Carter , 2011). This led...Chalifoux and Carter , 2011). Although we did not directly iso- late and quantify GABARB function in intoxicated neurons, the reduction in mIPSCs following...thank Dr. James Apland for scien- tific guidance and editorial assistance; Christopher Fifty, Megan Lyman, Angela Adkins, Chelsea Andres, Justin
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Baker, D. N.; Hoffman, R. (Technical Monitor)
2001-01-01
This final report provides a final report on a NASA sponsored project involving data reduction and scientific analysis related to the Comprehensive Energetic Particle Pitch Angle Distribution (CEPPAD) experiment of POLAR. Dr. D.N. Baker, the chief scientist, has focused primarily on the calibration of CEPPAD sensors and the interpretation of data from the sensors which has led to discoveries regarding storm-substorm relationships in the earth's magnetosphere. The report contains approximately 190 bibliographic references to the activities of Baker and others involved.
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Solar thermal program summary. Volume 1: Overview, fiscal year 1988
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
1989-02-01
The goal of the solar thermal program is to improve overall solar thermal systems performance and provide cost-effective energy options that are strategically secure and environmentally benign. Major research activities include energy collection technology, energy conversion technology, and systems and applications technology for both CR and DR systems. This research is being conducted through research laboratories in close coordination with the solar thermal industry, utilities companies, and universities. The Solar Thermal Technology Program is pursuing the development of critical components and subsystems for improved energy collection and conversion devices. This development follows two basic paths: for CR systems, critical components include stretched membrane heliostats, direct absorption receivers (DARs), and transport subsystems for molten salt heat transfer fluids. These components offer the potential for a significant reduction in system costs; and for DR systems, critical components include stretched membrane dishes, reflux receivers, and Stirling engines. These components will significantly increase system reliability and efficiency, which will reduce costs. The major thrust of the program is to provide electric power. However, there is an increasing interest in the use of concentrated solar energy for applications such as detoxifying hazardous wastes and developing high-value transportable fuels. These potential uses of highly concentrated solar energy still require additional experiments to prove concept feasibility. The program goal of economically competitive energy reduction from solar thermal systems is being cooperatively addressed by industry and government.
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Trepanowski, John F; Canale, Robert E; Marshall, Kate E; Kabir, Mohammad M; Bloomer, Richard J
2011-10-07
Considerable interest has been shown in the ability of caloric restriction (CR) to improve multiple parameters of health and to extend lifespan. CR is the reduction of caloric intake - typically by 20 - 40% of ad libitum consumption - while maintaining adequate nutrient intake. Several alternatives to CR exist. CR combined with exercise (CE) consists of both decreased caloric intake and increased caloric expenditure. Alternate-day fasting (ADF) consists of two interchanging days; one day, subjects may consume food ad libitum (sometimes equaling twice the normal intake); on the other day, food is reduced or withheld altogether. Dietary restriction (DR) - restriction of one or more components of intake (typically macronutrients) with minimal to no reduction in total caloric intake - is another alternative to CR. Many religions incorporate one or more forms of food restriction. The following religious fasting periods are featured in this review: 1) Islamic Ramadan; 2) the three principal fasting periods of Greek Orthodox Christianity (Nativity, Lent, and the Assumption); and 3) the Biblical-based Daniel Fast. This review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge related to CR and DR. A specific section is provided that illustrates related work pertaining to religious forms of food restriction. Where available, studies involving both humans and animals are presented. The review includes suggestions for future research pertaining to the topics of discussion.
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2011-01-01
Considerable interest has been shown in the ability of caloric restriction (CR) to improve multiple parameters of health and to extend lifespan. CR is the reduction of caloric intake - typically by 20 - 40% of ad libitum consumption - while maintaining adequate nutrient intake. Several alternatives to CR exist. CR combined with exercise (CE) consists of both decreased caloric intake and increased caloric expenditure. Alternate-day fasting (ADF) consists of two interchanging days; one day, subjects may consume food ad libitum (sometimes equaling twice the normal intake); on the other day, food is reduced or withheld altogether. Dietary restriction (DR) - restriction of one or more components of intake (typically macronutrients) with minimal to no reduction in total caloric intake - is another alternative to CR. Many religions incorporate one or more forms of food restriction. The following religious fasting periods are featured in this review: 1) Islamic Ramadan; 2) the three principal fasting periods of Greek Orthodox Christianity (Nativity, Lent, and the Assumption); and 3) the Biblical-based Daniel Fast. This review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge related to CR and DR. A specific section is provided that illustrates related work pertaining to religious forms of food restriction. Where available, studies involving both humans and animals are presented. The review includes suggestions for future research pertaining to the topics of discussion. PMID:21981968
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Superhydrophobic Drag Reduction in Various Turbulent Flows
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gose, James W.; Tuteja, Anish; Perlin, Marc; Ceccio, Steven L.
2017-11-01
Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) have been studied exhaustively in laminar flow applications while interest in SHS drag reduction in turbulent flow applications has been increasing steadily. In this discussion, we will highlight recent advances of SHS applications in various high-Reynolds number flows. We will address the application of mechanically robust and scalable spray SHSs in three cases: fully-developed internal flow; a near-zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer; and an axisymmetric DARPA SUBOFF model. The model will be towed in the University of Michigan's Physical Model Basin. Experimental measurements of streamwise pressure drop and the near-wall flow via Particle Image Velocimetry and Laser Doppler Velocimetry will be discussed where applicable. Moreover, integral measurement of the total resistance of the SUBOFF model, with and without SHS application, will be examined. The SUBOFF model extends 2.6 m and is 0.3 m in diameter, and will be tested at water depths of three to six model diameters. Previous investigation of these SHSs have proven that skin-friction savings of 20% or more can be attained for friction Reynolds numbers greater than of 1,000. This project was carried out as part of the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) MURI (Multidisciplinary University Research Initiatives) program (Grant No. N00014-12-1-0874) managed by Dr. Ki-Han Kim and led by Dr. Steven L. Ceccio.
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Li, Jun; Yang, PingAr; Wu, Qi; Li, Hao; Ding, Yana; Hsu, Hui-Chen; Spalding, David M.; Mountz, John D.
2014-01-01
Objective. Bidirectional interactions between granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor–positive (GM-CSF+) T cell and interferon regulatory factor 5–positive (IRF-5+) macrophages play a major role in autoimmunity. In the absence of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), GM-CSF–stimulated cells are resistant to death receptor (DR)–mediated apoptosis. The objective of this study was to determine whether TRA-8, an anti-DR5 agonistic antibody, can eliminate inflammatory macrophages and CD4 T cells in the SHP-1–defective condition. Methods. Ubiquitous Cre (Ubc.Cre) human/mouse-chimeric DR5-transgenic mice were crossed with viable SHP-1–defective motheaten (mev/mev) mice. TRA-8 was administered weekly for up to 4 weeks. The clinical scores, histopathologic severity, and macrophage and CD4 T cell phenotypes were evaluated. The role of TRA-8 in depleting inflammatory macrophages and CD4 T cells was also evaluated, using synovial fluid obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results. The levels of Inflammatory macrophages (interleukine-23–positive [IL-23+] IRF5+) and CD4 T (IL-17+GM-CSF+) cells were elevated in mev/mev mice. In DR5-transgenic mev/mev mice, DR5 expression was up-regulated in these 2 cell populations. TRA-8 treatment depleted these cells and resulted in a significant reduction of inflammation and in the titers of autoantibodies. In synovial cells from patients with RA, the expression of IRF5 and DR5 was negatively correlated with the expression of PTPN6. TRA-8, but not TRAIL, suppressed RA inflammatory macrophages and Th17 cells under conditions in which the expression of SHP-1is low. Conclusion. In contrast with TRAIL, which lacks the capability to counteract the survival signal in the absence of SHP-1, TRA-8 eliminated both IRF5+ IL-23+ M1 macrophages and pathogenic GM-CSF+ IL-17+ CD4 T cells in a SHP-1-independent manner. The results of the current study suggest that TRA-8 can deplete inflammatory cell populations that result from a hyperactive GM-CSF/IRF-5 axis. PMID:23818173
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Color-magnitude distribution of face-on nearby galaxies in Sloan digital sky survey DR7
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Jin, Shuo-Wen; Feng, Long-Long; Gu, Qiusheng
2014-05-20
We have analyzed the distributions in the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of a large sample of face-on galaxies to minimize the effect of dust extinctions on galaxy color. About 300,000 galaxies with log (a/b) < 0.2 and redshift z < 0.2 are selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 catalog. Two methods are employed to investigate the distributions of galaxies in the CMD, including one-dimensional (1D) Gaussian fitting to the distributions in individual magnitude bins and two-dimensional (2D) Gaussian mixture model (GMM) fitting to galaxies as a whole. We find that in the 1D fitting, two Gaussians are not enoughmore » to fit galaxies with the excess present between the blue cloud and the red sequence. The fitting to this excess defines the center of the green valley in the local universe to be (u – r){sub 0.1} = –0.121M {sub r,} 0{sub .1} – 0.061. The fraction of blue cloud and red sequence galaxies turns over around M {sub r,} {sub 0.1} ∼ –20.1 mag, corresponding to stellar mass of 3 × 10{sup 10} M {sub ☉}. For the 2D GMM fitting, a total of four Gaussians are required, one for the blue cloud, one for the red sequence, and the additional two for the green valley. The fact that two Gaussians are needed to describe the distributions of galaxies in the green valley is consistent with some models that argue for two different evolutionary paths from the blue cloud to the red sequence.« less
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A data reduction package for multiple object spectroscopy
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hill, J. M.; Eisenhamer, J. D.; Silva, D. R.
1986-01-01
Experience with fiber-optic spectrometers has demonstrated improvements in observing efficiency for clusters of 30 or more objects that must in turn be matched by data reduction capability increases. The Medusa Automatic Reduction System reduces data generated by multiobject spectrometers in the form of two-dimensional images containing 44 to 66 individual spectra, using both software and hardware improvements to efficiently extract the one-dimensional spectra. Attention is given to the ridge-finding algorithm for automatic location of the spectra in the CCD frame. A simultaneous extraction of calibration frames allows an automatic wavelength calibration routine to determine dispersion curves, and both line measurements and cross-correlation techniques are used to determine galaxy redshifts.
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WIS Implementation Study Report. Volume 1. Main Report.
1983-10-01
Luenberger, Prof. David G. * Stanford University Ries, Dr. Daniel R. * Computer Corporation of America Schill, John Naval Ocean Systems Center Shrier , Dr...Robert E. 43 Kaczmarek, Dr. Thomas S. 45 Klein, Dr. Stanely A. 47 Kramer, Dr. John F. 49 Larsen, Dr. Robert E. 55 Luenberger, Prof. David G. 58...Riddle, Dr. William E. 76 Ries, Dr. Daniel R. 82 Sapp, Mr. John W. 88 Shelley, Mr. Stephen H. 89 Shrier , Dr. Stefan 94 Slusarczuk, Dr. Marko M.G. 96
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Spectral Regression Discriminant Analysis for Hyperspectral Image Classification
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pan, Y.; Wu, J.; Huang, H.; Liu, J.
2012-08-01
Dimensionality reduction algorithms, which aim to select a small set of efficient and discriminant features, have attracted great attention for Hyperspectral Image Classification. The manifold learning methods are popular for dimensionality reduction, such as Locally Linear Embedding, Isomap, and Laplacian Eigenmap. However, a disadvantage of many manifold learning methods is that their computations usually involve eigen-decomposition of dense matrices which is expensive in both time and memory. In this paper, we introduce a new dimensionality reduction method, called Spectral Regression Discriminant Analysis (SRDA). SRDA casts the problem of learning an embedding function into a regression framework, which avoids eigen-decomposition of dense matrices. Also, with the regression based framework, different kinds of regularizes can be naturally incorporated into our algorithm which makes it more flexible. It can make efficient use of data points to discover the intrinsic discriminant structure in the data. Experimental results on Washington DC Mall and AVIRIS Indian Pines hyperspectral data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Joel E. Kostka
This project represented a joint effort between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the University of Tennessee (UT), and Florida State University (FSU). ORNL served as the lead in-stitution with Dr. A.V. Palumbo responsible for project coordination, integration, and deliver-ables. In situ uranium bioremediation is focused on biostimulating indigenous microorganisms through a combination of pH neutralization and the addition of large amounts of electron donor. Successful biostimulation of U(VI) reduction has been demonstrated in the field and in the laboratory. However, little data is available on the dynamics of microbial populations capable of U(VI) reduction, and the differences in the microbialmore » community dynamics between proposed electron donors have not been explored. In order to elucidate the potential mechanisms of U(VI) reduction for optimization of bioremediation strategies, structure-function relationships of microbial populations were investigated in microcosms of subsurface materials cocontaminated with radionuclides and nitrate from the Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC), Oak Ridge, Tennessee.« less
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Sheybani, Arsham; Lenzhofer, Markus; Hohensinn, Melchior; Reitsamer, Herbert; Ahmed, Iqbal Ike K
2015-09-01
To study the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of implanting a new gelatin stent at the time of cataract surgery in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Multicenter university and private-practice settings. Nonrandomized prospective clinical trial. The implantation of 2 models of a gelatin stent (Xen140 and Xen63) was performed at the time of cataract surgery without mitomycin-C. Complete success was defined as a postoperative IOP of less than 18 mm Hg and more than a 20% reduction in IOP at 12 months without glaucoma medication. Failure was defined as loss of light perception vision or worse, a need for additional glaucoma surgery, or less than a 20% reduction in the IOP from baseline. The study included 37 eyes of 37 patients. The mean preoperative IOP was 22.4 mm Hg ± 4.2 (SD) on 2.5 ± 1.4 medication classes. Twelve months postoperatively, the mean IOP was reduced to 15.4 ± 3.0 mm Hg on 0.9 ± 1.0 medication classes (P < .0001). This resulted in a qualified success of 85.3% and a complete success rate off medications of 47.1%. There were no failures. Cataract surgery combined with implantation of the gelatin stent resulted in a significant reduction in IOP in eyes with OAG. Dr. Sheybani has received travel reimbursement from Aquesys, Inc. Dr. Ahmed is a paid consultant to Aquesys, Inc. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Copyright © 2015 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hoko, J. Aaron; LeBlanc, Judith M.
1988-01-01
Because disabled learners may profit from procedures using gradual stimulus change, this study utilized a microcomputer to investigate the effectiveness of stimulus equalization, an error reduction procedure involving an abrupt but temporary reduction of dimensional complexity. The procedure was found to be generally effective and implications for…
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Ligand design by a combinatorial approach based on modeling and experiment: application to HLA-DR4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Evensen, Erik; Joseph-McCarthy, Diane; Weiss, Gregory A.; Schreiber, Stuart L.; Karplus, Martin
2007-07-01
Combinatorial synthesis and large scale screening methods are being used increasingly in drug discovery, particularly for finding novel lead compounds. Although these "random" methods sample larger areas of chemical space than traditional synthetic approaches, only a relatively small percentage of all possible compounds are practically accessible. It is therefore helpful to select regions of chemical space that have greater likelihood of yielding useful leads. When three-dimensional structural data are available for the target molecule this can be achieved by applying structure-based computational design methods to focus the combinatorial library. This is advantageous over the standard usage of computational methods to design a small number of specific novel ligands, because here computation is employed as part of the combinatorial design process and so is required only to determine a propensity for binding of certain chemical moieties in regions of the target molecule. This paper describes the application of the Multiple Copy Simultaneous Search (MCSS) method, an active site mapping and de novo structure-based design tool, to design a focused combinatorial library for the class II MHC protein HLA-DR4. Methods for the synthesizing and screening the computationally designed library are presented; evidence is provided to show that binding was achieved. Although the structure of the protein-ligand complex could not be determined, experimental results including cross-exclusion of a known HLA-DR4 peptide ligand (HA) by a compound from the library. Computational model building suggest that at least one of the ligands designed and identified by the methods described binds in a mode similar to that of native peptides.
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Murakami, Tomoaki; Ueda-Arakawa, Naoko; Nishijima, Kazuaki; Uji, Akihito; Horii, Takahiro; Ogino, Ken; Yoshimura, Nagahisa
2014-03-28
To integrate parameters on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on the self-organizing map and objectively describe the macular morphologic patterns. A total of 336 consecutive eyes of 216 patients with DR for whom clear SD-OCT images were available were retrospectively reviewed. Eleven OCT parameters and the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) were measured. These multidimensional data were analyzed based on the self-organizing map on which similar cases were near each other according to the degree of their similarities, followed by the objective clustering. Self-organizing maps indicated that eyes with greater retinal thickness in the central subfield had greater thicknesses in the superior and temporal subfields. Eyes with foveal serous retinal detachment (SRD) had greater thickness in the nasal or inferior subfield. Eyes with foveal cystoid spaces were arranged to the left upper corner on the two-dimensional map; eyes with foveal SRD to the left lower corner; eyes with thickened retinal parenchyma to the lower area. The following objective clustering demonstrated the unsupervised pattern recognition of macular morphologies in diabetic macular edema (DME) as well as the higher-resolution discrimination of DME per se. Multiple regression analyses showed better association of logMAR with retinal thickness in the inferior subfield in eyes with SRD and with external limiting membrane disruption in eyes with foveal cystoid spaces or thickened retinal parenchyma. The self-organizing map facilitates integrative understanding of the macular morphologic patterns and the structural/functional relationship in DR.
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A two-dimensional lattice equation as an extension of the Heideman-Hogan recurrence
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kamiya, Ryo; Kanki, Masataka; Mase, Takafumi; Tokihiro, Tetsuji
2018-03-01
We consider a two dimensional extension of the so-called linearizable mappings. In particular, we start from the Heideman-Hogan recurrence, which is known as one of the linearizable Somos-like recurrences, and introduce one of its two dimensional extensions. The two dimensional lattice equation we present is linearizable in both directions, and has the Laurent and the coprimeness properties. Moreover, its reduction produces a generalized family of the Heideman-Hogan recurrence. Higher order examples of two dimensional linearizable lattice equations related to the Dana Scott recurrence are also discussed.
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Performance and analysis of a three-dimensional nonorthogonal laser Doppler anemometer
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Snyder, P. K.; Orloff, K. L.; Aoyagi, K.
1981-01-01
A three dimensional laser Doppler anemometer with a nonorthogonal third axis coupled by 14 deg was designed and tested. A highly three dimensional flow field of a jet in a crossflow was surveyed to test the three dimensional capability of the instrument. Sample data are presented demonstrating the ability of the 3D LDA to resolve three orthogonal velocity components. Modifications to the optics, signal processing electronics, and data reduction methods are suggested.
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Generation Algorithm of Discrete Line in Multi-Dimensional Grids
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Du, L.; Ben, J.; Li, Y.; Wang, R.
2017-09-01
Discrete Global Grids System (DGGS) is a kind of digital multi-resolution earth reference model, in terms of structure, it is conducive to the geographical spatial big data integration and mining. Vector is one of the important types of spatial data, only by discretization, can it be applied in grids system to make process and analysis. Based on the some constraint conditions, this paper put forward a strict definition of discrete lines, building a mathematic model of the discrete lines by base vectors combination method. Transforming mesh discrete lines issue in n-dimensional grids into the issue of optimal deviated path in n-minus-one dimension using hyperplane, which, therefore realizing dimension reduction process in the expression of mesh discrete lines. On this basis, we designed a simple and efficient algorithm for dimension reduction and generation of the discrete lines. The experimental results show that our algorithm not only can be applied in the two-dimensional rectangular grid, also can be applied in the two-dimensional hexagonal grid and the three-dimensional cubic grid. Meanwhile, when our algorithm is applied in two-dimensional rectangular grid, it can get a discrete line which is more similar to the line in the Euclidean space.
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2011 Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers: the PECASE Awards Ceremony
Poneman, Daniel
2018-05-31
The winners for 2011 of the DOE PECASE Awards were recognized in a ceremony held August 01, 2012. Dr. Bill Brinkman, Director of the Office of Science introduced the main speaker, DOE Deputy Secretary Daniel B. Poneman. Leaders from across the Department and the fields of energy research and technology presented the 2011 winners. They are: Dr. Stanley Atcitty (SNL); Dr. Jeffrey W. Banks (LLNL); Dr. Amy J. Clarke (LANL); Derek R. Gaston (INL); Dr. Christopher Hirata (California Institute of Technology); Dr. Heileen Hsu-Kim (Duke University); Dr. Thomas Francisco (Jaramillo Stanford University); Dr.Pablo Jarillo-Herrero (MIT); Dr. Peter Mueller (ANL); Dr. Daniel B. Sinars (SNL); Dr. Jesse Thaler (MIT); and Dr. Heather Whitley (LLNL).
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2011 Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers: the PECASE Awards Ceremony
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Poneman, Daniel
2012-08-01
The winners for 2011 of the DOE PECASE Awards were recognized in a ceremony held August 01, 2012. Dr. Bill Brinkman, Director of the Office of Science introduced the main speaker, DOE Deputy Secretary Daniel B. Poneman. Leaders from across the Department and the fields of energy research and technology presented the 2011 winners. They are: Dr. Stanley Atcitty (SNL); Dr. Jeffrey W. Banks (LLNL); Dr. Amy J. Clarke (LANL); Derek R. Gaston (INL); Dr. Christopher Hirata (California Institute of Technology); Dr. Heileen Hsu-Kim (Duke University); Dr. Thomas Francisco (Jaramillo Stanford University); Dr.Pablo Jarillo-Herrero (MIT); Dr. Peter Mueller (ANL); Dr.more » Daniel B. Sinars (SNL); Dr. Jesse Thaler (MIT); and Dr. Heather Whitley (LLNL).« less
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SMURF: SubMillimeter User Reduction Facility
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, Tim; Chapin, Edward L.; Berry, David S.; Gibb, Andy G.; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Balfour, Jennifer; Tilanus, Vincent; Currie, Malcolm J.
2013-10-01
SMURF reduces submillimeter single-dish continuum and heterodyne data. It is mainly targeted at data produced by the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope but data from other telescopes have been reduced using the package. SMURF is released as part of the bundle that comprises Starlink (ascl:1110.012) and most of the packages that use it. The two key commands are MAKEMAP for the creation of maps from sub millimeter continuum data and MAKECUBE for the creation of data cubes from heterodyne array instruments. The software can also convert data from legacy JCMT file formats to the modern form to allow it to be processed by MAKECUBE. SMURF is a core component of the ORAC-DR (ascl:1310.001) data reduction pipeline for JCMT.
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Action of the photosensitizer QLT0074 upon human T lymphocytes in vitro
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hunt, David W. C.; Jiang, Huijun; Salmon, Ruth A.; Granville, David J.; North, John R.; Richter, Anna M.
2001-04-01
A new photosensitizer, presently designated QLT0074, may be useful for the treatment of skin conditions, particularly those mediated by T lymphocytes, with photodynamic therapy (PDT). QLT0074 was tested against human peripheral blood T cells and Jurkat T lymphoma cells. Low concentrations of QLT0074 and blue light were sufficient to induce apoptosis in peripheral blood T cells or Jurkat T lymphoma cells as indicated by expression of the apoptosis-associated mitochondrial 7A6 marker, annexin-V labeling or activation of capsase-3 and cleavage of the capsase substrate poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). Flow cytometry studies performed following PDT showed that peripheral blood T cells with high expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) took up greater amounts of QLT0074 and were eliminated to a greater degree than T cells with low CD25 levels. This effect of PDT was also shown by the reduction in the percentage of T cells that expressed other activation-associated markers such as very late activation antigen-4 (CD49d), human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54) and Fas (CD95). In the case of T cells that remained viable following PDT, CD25 expression was lower while CD54, CD95 and HLA-DR levels were unchanged. Thus, PDT with QLT0074 has selective, dose-dependent effects on T cells in vitro.
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Gauged supergravities from M-theory reductions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Katmadas, Stefanos; Tomasiello, Alessandro
2018-04-01
In supergravity compactifications, there is in general no clear prescription on how to select a finite-dimensional family of metrics on the internal space, and a family of forms on which to expand the various potentials, such that the lower-dimensional effective theory is supersymmetric. We propose a finite-dimensional family of deformations for regular Sasaki-Einstein seven-manifolds M 7, relevant for M-theory compactifications down to four dimensions. It consists of integrable Cauchy-Riemann structures, corresponding to complex deformations of the Calabi-Yau cone M 8 over M 7. The non-harmonic forms we propose are the ones contained in one of the Kohn-Rossi cohomology groups, which is finite-dimensional and naturally controls the deformations of Cauchy-Riemann structures. The same family of deformations can be also described in terms of twisted cohomology of the base M 6, or in terms of Milnor cycles arising in deformations of M 8. Using existing results on SU(3) structure compactifications, we briefly discuss the reduction of M-theory on our class of deformed Sasaki-Einstein manifolds to four-dimensional gauged supergravity.
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Versican is a potential therapeutic target in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer
Arichi, Naoko; Mitsui, Yozo; Hiraki, Miho; Nakamura, Sigenobu; Hiraoka, Takeo; Sumura, Masahiro; Hirata, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Yuichiro; Dahiya, Rajvir; Yasumoto, Hiroaki; Shiina, Hiroaki
2015-01-01
In the current study, we investigated a combination of docetaxel and thalidomide (DT therapy) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. We identified marker genes that predict the effect of DT therapy. Using an androgen-insensitive PC3 cell line, we established a docetaxel-resistant PC-3 cell line (DR-PC3). In DR-PC3 cells, DT therapy stronger inhibited proliferation/viability than docetaxel alone. Based on gene ontology analysis, we found versican as a selective gene. This result with the findings of cDNA microarray and validated by quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, the effect of DT therapy on cell viability was the same as the effect of docetaxel plus versican siRNA. In other words, silencing of versican can substitute for thalidomide. In the clinical setting, versican expression in prostate biopsy samples (before DT therapy) correlated with PSA reduction after DT therapy (p<0.05). Thus targeting versican is a potential therapeutic strategy in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer. PMID:25859560
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High repetition rate laser-driven MeV ion acceleration at variable background pressures
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Snyder, Joseph; Ngirmang, Gregory; Orban, Chris; Feister, Scott; Morrison, John; Frische, Kyle; Chowdhury, Enam; Roquemore, W. M.
2017-10-01
Ultra-intense laser-plasma interactions (LPI) can produce highly energetic photons, electrons, and ions with numerous potential real-world applications. Many of these applications will require repeatable, high repetition targets that are suitable for LPI experiments. Liquid targets can meet many of these needs, but they typically require higher chamber pressure than is used for many low repetition rate experiments. The effect of background pressure on the LPI has not been thoroughly studied. With this in mind, the Extreme Light group at the Air Force Research Lab has carried out MeV ion and electron acceleration experiments at kHz repetition rate with background pressures ranging from 30 mTorr to >1 Torr using a submicron ethylene glycol liquid sheet target. We present these results and provide two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation results that offer insight on the thresholds for the efficient acceleration of electrons and ions. This research is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under LRIR Project 17RQCOR504 under the management of Dr. Riq Parra and Dr. Jean-Luc Cambier. Support was also provided by the DOD HPCMP Internship Program.
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Extra-dimensional models on the lattice
Knechtli, Francesco; Rinaldi, Enrico
2016-08-05
In this paper we summarize the ongoing effort to study extra-dimensional gauge theories with lattice simulations. In these models the Higgs field is identified with extra-dimensional components of the gauge field. The Higgs potential is generated by quantum corrections and is protected from divergences by the higher dimensional gauge symmetry. Dimensional reduction to four dimensions can occur through compactification or localization. Gauge-Higgs unification models are often studied using perturbation theory. Numerical lattice simulations are used to go beyond these perturbative expectations and to include nonperturbative effects. We describe the known perturbative predictions and their fate in the strongly-coupled regime formore » various extra-dimensional models.« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Erickson, M.D.
Analytical Chemistry of PCBs offers a review of physical, chemical, commercial, environmental and biological properties of PCBs. It also defines and discusses six discrete steps of analysis: sampling, extraction, cleanup, determination, data reduction, and quality assurance. The final chapter provides a discussion on collaborative testing - the ultimate step in method evaluation. Dr. Erickson also provides a bibliography of over 1200 references, critical reviews of primary literature, and five appendices which present ancillary material on PCB nomen-clature, physical properties, composition of commercial mixtures, mass spectra characteristics, and PGC/ECD chromatograms.
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2013-03-01
Arlington, VA 22202–4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704–0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY...University, 2004 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT...Fulp Second Reader Dr. Dan Boger Chair, Department of Information Sciences iv THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK v ABSTRACT To secure
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The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Blackwater Escape
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Waddell, Thomas G.; Rybolt, Thomas R.
2003-04-01
The following story is a chemical mystery with an emphasis on qualitative inorganic analysis, laboratory observations, and oxidation reduction processes. This is the 14th article in a series presenting a scientific problem in mystery format in the context of the popular and beloved characters Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. There is a break in the story where readers (students and teachers) can ponder and solve the mystery. Sherlock Holmes provides his solution in the paragraphs following this break.
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Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells to TRA-8 Anti-DR5 Monoclonal Antibody
2012-02-01
cytotoxicity and reduction in BrCSC marker expression. A. 2LMP cells were sorted using flow cytometry for CD44+/CD24-/ALDHhigh. Cells were pre...cells were sorted using flow cytometry for ALDH? cells and allowed to form primary tumorspheres for 3 days. After tumorspheres were mechanically...n =5 ) Day Fig. 5 Effect of ex vivo treatment of BrCSC enriched cells on tumorgenicity in NOD/SCID mice. 2LMP cells were sorted using flow cytometry
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Emissions Comparison of Alternative Fuels in an Advanced Automotive Diesel Engine
1998-09-01
Title 13, Section 2282, July 1997. 11. Howell, S., "U.S. Biodiesel Standards - An Update of Current Activities", SAE Paper 971687. 12. Naegeli , D...34Fuel Additives for Smoke Reduction in Diesel Engines", SwRI Final Report, 1994. 13. Naegeli , D. and Childress, K., "Lower Explosion Limits and...Compositions of Jet Fuel Vapors", Western States Section/ Combustion Institute, Paper No. WSS/CI 98S-66, March 1998. 14. Letter from Dr. D.W. Naegeli
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3D Animations for Exploring Nucleon Structure
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gorman, Waverly; Burkardt, Matthias
2016-09-01
Over the last few years many intuitive pictures have been developed for the interpretation of electron hadron scattering experiments, such as a mechanism for transverse single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering experiments. While Dr. Burkardt's pictures have been helpful for many researchers in the field, they are still difficult to visualize for broader audiences since they rely mostly on 2-dimensional static images. In order to make more accessible for a broader audience what can be learned from Jefferson Lab experiments, we have started to work on developing 3-dimensional animations for these processes. The goal is to enable the viewer to repeatedly look at the same microscopic mechanism for a specific reaction, with the viewpoint of the observer changing. This should help an audience that is not so familiar with these reactions to better understand what can be learned from various experiments at Jefferson Lab aimed at exploring the nucleon structure. Jefferson Lab Minority/Female Undergraduate Research Assistantship.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Regis, Rommel G.
2014-02-01
This article develops two new algorithms for constrained expensive black-box optimization that use radial basis function surrogates for the objective and constraint functions. These algorithms are called COBRA and Extended ConstrLMSRBF and, unlike previous surrogate-based approaches, they can be used for high-dimensional problems where all initial points are infeasible. They both follow a two-phase approach where the first phase finds a feasible point while the second phase improves this feasible point. COBRA and Extended ConstrLMSRBF are compared with alternative methods on 20 test problems and on the MOPTA08 benchmark automotive problem (D.R. Jones, Presented at MOPTA 2008), which has 124 decision variables and 68 black-box inequality constraints. The alternatives include a sequential penalty derivative-free algorithm, a direct search method with kriging surrogates, and two multistart methods. Numerical results show that COBRA algorithms are competitive with Extended ConstrLMSRBF and they generally outperform the alternatives on the MOPTA08 problem and most of the test problems.
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Low-dimensional and Data Fusion Techniques Applied to a Rectangular Supersonic Multi-stream Jet
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Berry, Matthew; Stack, Cory; Magstadt, Andrew; Ali, Mohd; Gaitonde, Datta; Glauser, Mark
2017-11-01
Low-dimensional models of experimental and simulation data for a complex supersonic jet were fused to reconstruct time-dependent proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) coefficients. The jet consists of a multi-stream rectangular single expansion ramp nozzle, containing a core stream operating at Mj , 1 = 1.6 , and bypass stream at Mj , 3 = 1.0 with an underlying deck. POD was applied to schlieren and PIV data to acquire the spatial basis functions. These eigenfunctions were projected onto their corresponding time-dependent large eddy simulation (LES) fields to reconstruct the temporal POD coefficients. This reconstruction was able to resolve spectral peaks that were previously aliased due to the slower sampling rates of the experiments. Additionally, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) was applied to the experimental and LES datasets, and the spatio-temporal characteristics were compared to POD. The authors would like to acknowledge AFOSR, program manager Dr. Doug Smith, for funding this research, Grant No. FA9550-15-1-0435.
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Shikama, Naoto; Kumazaki, Y U; Miyazawa, Kazunari; Miyaura, Kazunori; Kato, Shingo; Nakamura, Naoki; Kawamori, Jiro; Shimizuguchi, Takuya; Saito, Naoko; Saeki, Toshiaki
2016-05-01
To examine the relationship between symptomatic radiation pneumonitis and lung dose-volume parameters for patients receiving accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using three dimensional-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). The prescribed radiation dose was 30 Gy in 5 fractions over 10 days. Toxicity was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0). Fifty-five patients were enrolled from August 2010 to October 2013 and the median follow-up time was 30 months (range=18-46 months). Three patients (5%) developed grade 2 symptomatic radiation pneumonitis after 3D-CRT APBI. Among 16 patients with ILV10Gy (% ipsilateral lung receiving ≥10 Gy) of 10% or higher, three patients (19%) developed symptomatic radiation pneumonitis. This trend was not observed in any of the patients with ILV10Gy less than 10% (p=0.005). High ILV10Gy might be associated with symptomatic radiation pneumonitis after 3D-CRT APBI. Copyright© 2016 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.
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2004-10-01
Information Proc- essing Technology Office (IPTO) for their support of this work. We thank Dr. John Salasin for his vision in conceiving these...ingredients of cognition identified in the INCOG framework presented herein, including: Dr. John R. Anderson, Mr. Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, Dr...Goertzel, Professor Marvin Minsky, Dr. Robert Hecht-Nielsen, Dr. Marcus J. Huber, Dr. John Laird, Professor Pat Langley, Dr. Christian Lebiere, Dr
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Mathew, Boby; Léon, Jens; Sannemann, Wiebke; Sillanpää, Mikko J.
2018-01-01
Gene-by-gene interactions, also known as epistasis, regulate many complex traits in different species. With the availability of low-cost genotyping it is now possible to study epistasis on a genome-wide scale. However, identifying genome-wide epistasis is a high-dimensional multiple regression problem and needs the application of dimensionality reduction techniques. Flowering Time (FT) in crops is a complex trait that is known to be influenced by many interacting genes and pathways in various crops. In this study, we successfully apply Sure Independence Screening (SIS) for dimensionality reduction to identify two-way and three-way epistasis for the FT trait in a Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) barley population using the Bayesian multilocus model. The MAGIC barley population was generated from intercrossing among eight parental lines and thus, offered greater genetic diversity to detect higher-order epistatic interactions. Our results suggest that SIS is an efficient dimensionality reduction approach to detect high-order interactions in a Bayesian multilocus model. We also observe that many of our findings (genomic regions with main or higher-order epistatic effects) overlap with known candidate genes that have been already reported in barley and closely related species for the FT trait. PMID:29254994
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Williamson, Ross S.; Sahani, Maneesh; Pillow, Jonathan W.
2015-01-01
Stimulus dimensionality-reduction methods in neuroscience seek to identify a low-dimensional space of stimulus features that affect a neuron’s probability of spiking. One popular method, known as maximally informative dimensions (MID), uses an information-theoretic quantity known as “single-spike information” to identify this space. Here we examine MID from a model-based perspective. We show that MID is a maximum-likelihood estimator for the parameters of a linear-nonlinear-Poisson (LNP) model, and that the empirical single-spike information corresponds to the normalized log-likelihood under a Poisson model. This equivalence implies that MID does not necessarily find maximally informative stimulus dimensions when spiking is not well described as Poisson. We provide several examples to illustrate this shortcoming, and derive a lower bound on the information lost when spiking is Bernoulli in discrete time bins. To overcome this limitation, we introduce model-based dimensionality reduction methods for neurons with non-Poisson firing statistics, and show that they can be framed equivalently in likelihood-based or information-theoretic terms. Finally, we show how to overcome practical limitations on the number of stimulus dimensions that MID can estimate by constraining the form of the non-parametric nonlinearity in an LNP model. We illustrate these methods with simulations and data from primate visual cortex. PMID:25831448
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Behnisch, Peter A; Hosoe, Kazunori; Shiozaki, Ken; Ozaki, Hironori; Nakamura, Kazuo; Sakai, Shin-Ichi
2002-12-01
To investigate the dechlorination of fly ash during low-temperature treatment under oxygen-deficient conditions (thermocatalyic treatment or Hagenmaier process), six fly ash samples from six different incineration plants were treated in a laboratory experiment or in the actual plant, either under ideal (400 degrees C, 120 min) or intermediate (300 degrees C, 30 min) conditions. The aim of the present study was to confirm the decrease in the I-TEQ (international toxicity equivalency) of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/-furans (PCDD/Fs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PXBs) and, also for the first time, the decrease in the sum of dioxin-like toxicity (bioassay- or bio-TEQ) of all kinds of other dioxin-like Ah receptor agonists (such as PXDD/Fs, PXBs, PXN, X = Br, F) measured by two state-of-the-art cell-based Ah receptor-dependent bioassays: H4IIE-Ethoxy-Resorufin-o-Deethylase (EROD) and H4IIE-luc/DR-Chemical Activated Luciferase expression (DR-CALUX). The treatment efficiency was calculated on the basis of the reduction in the I-TEQ and bio-TED values. For these fly ash samples, the treatment efficiency, as measured by chemical analysis, was higher than 99%, and 85%-99%, in the case of the bio-TED values, indicating that these Ah receptor binding toxic compounds were sufficiently decomposed. Bio-TEQ values for untreated fly ash samples (n = 6) were on average 1.2 times (range 0.7-1.9), for the H4IIE-EROD assay, and 2.8 times (1.1-4.9), for the DR-CALUX assay, higher than I-TEQ values measured by chemical analyses (sum of PCDD/Fs and co-PCBs). In the case of these fly ash samples treated under ideal conditions and therefore low in contaminants, the bio-TEQ values were on average 1.4 times (range 0.9-1.8), for the H4IIE-EROD assay, and 5.1 times (range 1.2-12), for the DR-CALUX assay, higher than the I-TEQ values.
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Bursell, Sven-Erik; Fonda, Stephanie J; Lewis, Drew G; Horton, Mark B
2018-01-01
Diabetes and its complications are more common in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) than other US racial/ethnic populations. Prior reports of diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence in AI/AN are dated, and research on diabetic macular edema (DME) is limited. This study characterizes the recent prevalence of DR and DME in AI/AN using primary care-based teleophthalmology surveillance. This is a multi-site, clinic-based, cross-sectional study of DR and DME. The sample is composed of AI /AN patients with diabetes (n = 53,998), served by the nationally distributed Indian Health Service-Joslin Vision Network Teleophthalmology Program (IHS-JVN) in primary care clinics of US Indian Health Service (IHS), Tribal, and Urban Indian health care facilities (I/T/U) from 1 November 2011 to 31 October 2016. Patients were recruited opportunistically for a retinal examination using the IHS-JVN during their regular diabetes care. The IHS-JVN used clinically validated, non-mydriatic, retinal imaging and retinopathy assessment protocols to identify the severity levels of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), DME, and sight threatening retinopathy (STR; a composite measure). Key social-demographic (age, gender, IHS area), diabetes-related health (diabetes therapy, duration of diabetes, A1c), and imaging technology variables were examined. The analysis calculated frequencies and percentages of severity levels of disease. Prevalence of any NPDR, PDR, DME, and STR among AI/AN patients undergoing DR teleophthalmology surveillance by IHS-JVN was 17.7%, 2.3%, 2.3%, and 4.2%, respectively. Prevalence was lowest in Alaska and highest among patients with A1c >/ = 8%, duration of diabetes > 10 years, or using insulin. Prevalence of DR in this cohort was approximately half that in previous reports for AI/AN, and prevalence of DME was less than that reported in non-AI/AN populations. A similar reduction in diabetes related end-stage renal disease in the same population and time period has been reported by other researchers. Since these two diabetic complications share a common microvasculopathic mechanism, this coincident change in prevalence may also share a common basis, possibly related to improved diabetes management.
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Knapp, Bernhard; Fischer, Gottfried; Van Hemelen, Dries; Fae, Ingrid; Maillere, Bernard; Ebner, Christof; Schreiner, Wolfgang; Bohle, Barbara; Jahn-Schmid, Beatrice
2012-08-08
Mugwort pollen allergens represent the main cause of pollinosis in late summer. The major allergen, Art v 1, contains only one single immunodominant, solely HLA-DR-restricted T cell epitope (Art v 125-36). The frequency of HLA-DRB1*01 is highly increased in mugwort-allergic individuals and HLA-DR1 serves as restriction element for Art v 125-36. However, Art v 125-36 also binds to HLA-DR4 with high affinity and DR1-restricted Art v 125-36 -specific T cell receptors can be activated by HLA-DR4 molecules. To understand the predominance of HLA-DR1 in mugwort allergy in spite of the degeneracy in HLA/peptide-binding and TCR-recognition, we investigated the molecular background of Art v 125-36 /MHC/TCR interactions in the context of HLA-DR1 compared to -DR4. The majority of Art v 125-36 -specific T cell lines and clones from HLA-DR1 carrying, mugwort pollen-allergic donors reacted to synthetic and naturally processed Art v 1-peptides when presented by HLA-DR1 or HLA-DR4 expressing antigen presenting cells. However, at limiting peptide concentrations DR1 was more effective in T cell stimulation. In addition, the minimal epitope for 50% of Art v 125-36 -specific T cells was shorter for DR1 than for DR4. In vitro binding assays of Art v 125-36 mutant peptides to isolated DR1- and DR4-molecules indicated similar binding capacities and use of the same register. In silico simulation of Art v 125-36 binding to HLA-DR1 and -DR4 suggested similar binding of the central part of the peptide to either molecule, but a higher flexibility of the N- and C-terminal amino acids and detachment at the C-terminus in HLA-DR1. The predominance of HLA-DR1 in the response to Art v 125-36 may be explained by subtle conformation changes of the peptide bound to DR1 compared to DR4. Computer simulation supported our experimental data by demonstrating differences in peptide mobility within the HLA-DR complex that may influence TCR-binding. We suggest that the minor differences observed in vitro may be more relevant in the microenvironment in vivo, so that only presentation by HLA-DR1, but not -DR4 permits successful T cell activation.
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Three-dimensional collimation of in-plane-propagating light using silicon micromachined mirror
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sabry, Yasser M.; Khalil, Diaa; Saadany, Bassam; Bourouina, Tarik
2014-03-01
We demonstrate light collimation of single-mode optical fibers using deeply-etched three-dimensional curved micromirror on silicon chip. The three-dimensional curvature of the mirror is controlled by a process combining deep reactive ion etching and isotropic etching of silicon. The produced surface is astigmatic with out-of-plane radius of curvature that is about one half the in-plane radius of curvature. Having a 300-μm in-plane radius and incident beam inplane inclined with an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the principal axis, the reflected beam is maintained stigmatic with about 4.25 times reduction in the beam expansion angle in free space and about 12-dB reduction in propagation losses, when received by a limited-aperture detector.
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The HLA-DRB9 gene and the origin of HLA-DR haplotypes.
Gongora, R; Figueroa, F; Klein, J
1996-11-01
HLA-DRB9 is a gene fragment consisting of exon 2 and flanking intron sequences. It is located at the extreme end of the DRB subregion, whose other end is demarcated by the DRB1 locus. We sequenced approximately 1400 base pairs of the segment encompassing the DRB9 locus from eight human haplotypes (DR1, DR10, DR2, DR3, DR5, DR6, DR8, and DR9, the DR4 and DR7 having been sequenced by others earlier), as well as two chimpanzee, five gorillas, one orangutan and one macaque haplotype. The analysis of these sequences indicates that the DRB9 locus, which we estimate to be more than 58 million years (my) old, has been coevolving with the DRB1 locus for the last 4.2 my. As a consequence of this coevolution, the human DRB9 alleles fall into groups that correlate with the DRB1 allelic groups and with the gene organization of the human haplotypes. This observation implies that the present-day HLA-DR haplotype groups (DR1, DR51, DR52, DR8, and DR53) were founded more than 4 my ago and have remained intact (barring minor internal rearrangements that did not recombine the DRB1 and DRB9 genes) for this period of time. The haplotypes have been transmitted during speciations from ancestral to emerging species just like allelic lineages at the DRB1 locus. Thus not only allelic but also haplotype polymorphism evolves trans-specifically.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Toone, J.; Rice, S. P.; Piégay, H.
2014-01-01
The rehabilitation of degraded river channels is often guided by assumptions of continuity, yet in response to spatial and temporal variations in controlling conditions rivers typically display discontinuous response in space and time. This study examines the development of a 5 km reach of the Drôme River, S.E. France, characterised by alternating alluvial and bedrock zones that are separated by abrupt downstream transitions. This reach is representative of the Drôme River as a whole, and other rivers in the European Alps where braided channel planforms have been replaced by more complex, discontinuous morphologies. The primary aims are to understand how this spatial complexity has developed on the Drôme; evaluate how temporal channel changes have been affected by local factors, particularly bedrock exposures, and by long-term, catchment-scale changes in sediment supply and the flood activity; and consider the implications of this discontinuous geomorphology for reach management. The development of geomorphological zonation is examined by documenting sequential changes in channel planform between seven periods, using aerial photography (1948-2006) and by analysing change in bed elevation from profiles surveyed in 1928, 2003 and 2005. Between 1948 and 2001 bedrock exposed in the channel bed and along the floodplain margins defined discontinuities in sediment connectivity that were largely responsible for the configuration of channel zones. The impact of floods on this system was not proportional to flood magnitude. A modest flood in 1978 was an important event that, by incision and avulsion at key locations, defined a pattern of zonation that persisted until the end of the study in 2006. During the final 5 years of the study, alluvial zones that previously responded to large floods by widening underwent narrowing, despite the occurrence of a large flood, and led to an overall reduction in width variance. This resulted from progressive incision beneath and disconnection from formerly active channel areas, in response to long-term, catchment-scale reductions in sediment supply and flood frequency. In 2006 the pattern of zonation remains distinct, disguising this recent change in channel response and underlining the need for long-term and sequential perspectives of channel development to fully understand the processes in operation; contemporary snapshots of channel form may be misleading. Understanding interactions between inherent channel complexity and prevailing flow and sediment conditions, and how this shapes channel response to individual floods, is essential when interpreting future trajectories of channel change and likely response to management intervention.
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Bromuri, Stefano; Zufferey, Damien; Hennebert, Jean; Schumacher, Michael
2014-10-01
This research is motivated by the issue of classifying illnesses of chronically ill patients for decision support in clinical settings. Our main objective is to propose multi-label classification of multivariate time series contained in medical records of chronically ill patients, by means of quantization methods, such as bag of words (BoW), and multi-label classification algorithms. Our second objective is to compare supervised dimensionality reduction techniques to state-of-the-art multi-label classification algorithms. The hypothesis is that kernel methods and locality preserving projections make such algorithms good candidates to study multi-label medical time series. We combine BoW and supervised dimensionality reduction algorithms to perform multi-label classification on health records of chronically ill patients. The considered algorithms are compared with state-of-the-art multi-label classifiers in two real world datasets. Portavita dataset contains 525 diabetes type 2 (DT2) patients, with co-morbidities of DT2 such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and microvascular or macrovascular issues. MIMIC II dataset contains 2635 patients affected by thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, lipoid metabolism disease, fluid electrolyte disease, hypertensive disease, thrombosis, hypotension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), liver disease and kidney disease. The algorithms are evaluated using multi-label evaluation metrics such as hamming loss, one error, coverage, ranking loss, and average precision. Non-linear dimensionality reduction approaches behave well on medical time series quantized using the BoW algorithm, with results comparable to state-of-the-art multi-label classification algorithms. Chaining the projected features has a positive impact on the performance of the algorithm with respect to pure binary relevance approaches. The evaluation highlights the feasibility of representing medical health records using the BoW for multi-label classification tasks. The study also highlights that dimensionality reduction algorithms based on kernel methods, locality preserving projections or both are good candidates to deal with multi-label classification tasks in medical time series with many missing values and high label density. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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REBURNING THERMAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL PILOT-SCALE SYSTEM
The paper describes an experimental investigation of the thermal and chemical processes influencing NOx reduction by natural gas reburning in a two-dimensional pilot-scale combustion system. Reburning effectiveness for initial NOx levels of 50-500 ppm and reburn stoichiometric ra...
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dey, Pinkee; Suslov, Sergey A.
2016-12-01
A finite amplitude instability has been analysed to discover the exact mechanism leading to the appearance of stationary magnetoconvection patterns in a vertical layer of a non-conducting ferrofluid heated from the side and placed in an external magnetic field perpendicular to the walls. The physical results have been obtained using a version of a weakly nonlinear analysis that is based on the disturbance amplitude expansion. It enables a low-dimensional reduction of a full nonlinear problem in supercritical regimes away from a bifurcation point. The details of the reduction are given in comparison with traditional small-parameter expansions. It is also demonstrated that Squire’s transformation can be introduced for higher-order nonlinear terms thus reducing the full three-dimensional problem to its equivalent two-dimensional counterpart and enabling significant computational savings. The full three-dimensional instability patterns are subsequently recovered using the inverse transforms The analysed stationary thermomagnetic instability is shown to occur as a result of a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation.
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Three-dimensional mapping of the lateral ventricles in autism
Vidal, Christine N.; Nicolsonln, Rob; Boire, Jean-Yves; Barra, Vincent; DeVito, Timothy J.; Hayashi, Kiralee M.; Geaga, Jennifer A.; Drost, Dick J.; Williamson, Peter C.; Rajakumar, Nagalingam; Toga, Arthur W.; Thompson, Paul M.
2009-01-01
In this study, a computational mapping technique was used to examine the three-dimensional profile of the lateral ventricles in autism. T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetic resonance images of the brain were acquired from 20 males with autism (age: 10.1 ± 3.5 years) and 22 male control subjects (age: 10.7 ± 2.5 years). The lateral ventricles were delineated manually and ventricular volumes were compared between the two groups. Ventricular traces were also converted into statistical three-dimensional maps, based on anatomical surface meshes. These maps were used to visualize regional morphological differences in the thickness of the lateral ventricles between patients and controls. Although ventricular volumes measured using traditional methods did not differ significantly between groups, statistical surface maps revealed subtle, highly localized reductions in ventricular size in patients with autism in the left frontal and occipital horns. These localized reductions in the lateral ventricles may result from exaggerated brain growth early in life. PMID:18502618
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Lee, Seungyeoun; Kim, Yongkang; Kwon, Min-Seok; Park, Taesung
2015-01-01
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have extensively analyzed single SNP effects on a wide variety of common and complex diseases and found many genetic variants associated with diseases. However, there is still a large portion of the genetic variants left unexplained. This missing heritability problem might be due to the analytical strategy that limits analyses to only single SNPs. One of possible approaches to the missing heritability problem is to consider identifying multi-SNP effects or gene-gene interactions. The multifactor dimensionality reduction method has been widely used to detect gene-gene interactions based on the constructive induction by classifying high-dimensional genotype combinations into one-dimensional variable with two attributes of high risk and low risk for the case-control study. Many modifications of MDR have been proposed and also extended to the survival phenotype. In this study, we propose several extensions of MDR for the survival phenotype and compare the proposed extensions with earlier MDR through comprehensive simulation studies. PMID:26339630
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Keller, Melissa R.; Haynes, Lynn D.; Jankowska-Gan, Ewa; Sullivan, Jeremy A.; Agashe, Vrushali V.; Burlingham, Scott R.; Burlingham, William J.
2013-01-01
Background IL-17-dependent cellular immune responses to the α1 chain of collagen type V are associated with development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation, and with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and coronary artery disease, primary indications for lung or heart transplantation, respectively. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that 30% of the patients awaiting lung transplantation exhibited a strong cell-mediated immune response to col(V). Of these, 53% expressed HLA-DR15, compared to a 28% HLA-DR15 frequency in col(V) low-responders (p=0.02). After transplantation, patients with HLA-DR1 and -DR17, not -DR15, developed anti-col(V) responses most frequently (p=0.04 and 0.01 vs. controls, respectively). However, recipients of a lung from an HLA-DR15+ donor were at significantly elevated risk of developing anti-col(V) responses (p=0.02) and BOS (p=0.03). To determine the molecular basis of this unusual pattern of DR allele bias, a peptide library comprising the collagenous region of the α1(V) protein was screened for binding to HLA-DR0101, -DR1501, -DR0301 (DR17) or to HLA-DQ2 (DQA1*0501: DQB1*0201; in linkage disequilibrium with -DR17) and -DQ6 (DQA1*0102: DQB1*0602; linked to -DR15). Eight 15-mer peptides, six DR-binding and two DQ-binding, were identified. HLA-DR15 binding to two peptides yielded the highest binding scores: 650 (where 100 = positive control) for p799 (GIRGLKGTKGEKGED), and 193 for p1439 (LRGIPGPVGEQGLPG). These peptides, which also bound weakly to HLA-DR1, elicited responses in both HLA-DR1+ and -DR15+ col(V) reactive hosts, whereas binding and immunoreactivity of p1049 (KDGPPGLRGFPGDRG) was DR15-specific. Remarkably, a col(V)-reactive HLA-DR1+DR15neg lung transplant patient, whose donor was HLA-DR15+, responded not only to p799 and p1439, but also to p1049. Conclusions/Significance HLA-DR15 and IPF disease were independently associated with pre-transplant col(V) autoimmunity. The increased risk of de novo immunity to col(V) and BOS, associated with receiving a lung transplant from an HLA-DR15+ donor, may result from presentation by donor-derived HLA- DR15, of novel self-peptides to recipient T cells. PMID:24265781
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BOOK REVIEW: Conversations on the Dark Secrets of Physics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Teller, Edward
2003-07-01
Over many years Edward Teller delivered a course of Physical Science Appreciation Lectures. This book is based on those lectures, which must have been very stimulating. In the preparation of the book, Edward Teller was assisted by his daughter, Wendy Teller, and also by Wilson Talley. On many pages there are footnotes in the form of conversations between 'ET', who explains, and 'WT', who asks intelligent questions. (It is never clear which 'WT' is which.) I mention these footnotes as they contribute enormously to the charm and humour of the book. The book contains numerous anecdotes, many of which were new to me. The verse in the New Yorker, by Harold Furth, recording the famous meeting between Dr Teller and Dr Anti-Teller, is included. Dr Teller's comment is `The remarkable fact is that Harold got paid for the poem'. Dr Anti-Teller's comment is anti-recorded. The topics in the book include simple mechanics, statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics and 'uses of new knowledge'. Despite its origins, the book does not avoid mathematics ('I will use mathematics because physics without mathematics is meaningless' (p1)), but Teller does attempt to explain the mathematics he uses. In much of the book the mathematics is at school level, but in his treatment of quantum mechanics he uses differential equations. If one skips past the equations then his final chapters are less mathematically demanding. I have enjoyed reading this book. Teller's approach is refreshing, and his coverage comprehensive and generally authoritative. My only disquiet is over his coverage of electrons in solids, where it would be clearer to consider the one-dimensional case first, before treating the three-dimensional case. There is a substantial discussion on the correspondence principle, wave-particle duality and on the uncertainty principle. His disposal of Schrödinger's notorious cat is masterly. There are questions at the end of each chapter. One question is based on a possible experiment suggested by Einstein to measure both energy and time precisely, thus violating the uncertainty principle. (We are reminded that Einstein was unhappy with the uncertainty principle.) The question is to find the flaw in the argument: we are told it took Bohr a (sleepless?) night to find it. Answers to all the questions are included at the end of the book. The last chapter is the epilogue, 'After the Revolution', in which Teller makes clear his belief that there will continue to be new discoveries in the physical sciences for a long time to come. This is a book which all readers of this journal should enjoy. It may give you fresh insight into some of the topics. Buy a copy, read it and then keep it at your bedside for occasional browsing. Make sure your institutional library has a copy, and recommend it to all physics students, both graduates and undergraduates. P Borcherds
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Similarity solutions of some two-space-dimensional nonlinear wave evolution equations
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Redekopp, L. G.
1980-01-01
Similarity reductions of the two-space-dimensional versions of the Korteweg-de Vries, modified Korteweg-de Vries, Benjamin-Davis-Ono, and nonlinear Schroedinger equations are presented, and some solutions of the reduced equations are discussed. Exact dispersive solutions of the two-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries equation are obtained, and the similarity solution of this equation is shown to be reducible to the second Painleve transcendent.
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Hidden symmetries of Eisenhart-Duval lift metrics and the Dirac equation with flux
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cariglia, Marco
2012-10-01
The Eisenhart-Duval lift allows embedding nonrelativistic theories into a Lorentzian geometrical setting. In this paper we study the lift from the point of view of the Dirac equation and its hidden symmetries. We show that dimensional reduction of the Dirac equation for the Eisenhart-Duval metric in general gives rise to the nonrelativistic Lévy-Leblond equation in lower dimension. We study in detail in which specific cases the lower dimensional limit is given by the Dirac equation, with scalar and vector flux, and the relation between lift, reduction, and the hidden symmetries of the Dirac equation. While there is a precise correspondence in the case of the lower dimensional massive Dirac equation with no flux, we find that for generic fluxes it is not possible to lift or reduce all solutions and hidden symmetries. As a by-product of this analysis, we construct new Lorentzian metrics with special tensors by lifting Killing-Yano and closed conformal Killing-Yano tensors and describe the general conformal Killing-Yano tensor of the Eisenhart-Duval lift metrics in terms of lower dimensional forms. Last, we show how, by dimensionally reducing the higher dimensional operators of the massless Dirac equation that are associated with shared hidden symmetries, it is possible to recover hidden symmetry operators for the Dirac equation with flux.
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Simulation of Fluid Flow and Collection Efficiency for an SEA Multi-element Probe
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rigby, David L.; Struk, Peter M.; Bidwell, Colin
2014-01-01
Numerical simulations of fluid flow and collection efficiency for a Science Engineering Associates (SEA) multi-element probe are presented. Simulation of the flow field was produced using the Glenn-HT Navier-Stokes solver. Three dimensional unsteady results were produced and then time averaged for the collection efficiency results. Three grid densities were investigated to enable an assessment of grid dependence. Collection efficiencies were generated for three spherical particle sizes, 100, 20, and 5 micron in diameter, using the codes LEWICE3D and LEWICE2D. The free stream Mach number was 0.27, representing a velocity of approximately 86 ms. It was observed that a reduction in velocity of about 15-20 occurred as the flow entered the shroud of the probe.Collection efficiency results indicate a reduction in collection efficiency as particle size is reduced. The reduction with particle size is expected, however, the results tended to be lower than previous results generated for isolated two-dimensional elements. The deviation from the two-dimensional results is more pronounced for the smaller particles and is likely due to the effect of the protective shroud.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Li, Weixuan; Lin, Guang; Li, Bing
2016-09-01
A well-known challenge in uncertainty quantification (UQ) is the "curse of dimensionality". However, many high-dimensional UQ problems are essentially low-dimensional, because the randomness of the quantity of interest (QoI) is caused only by uncertain parameters varying within a low-dimensional subspace, known as the sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) subspace. Motivated by this observation, we propose and demonstrate in this paper an inverse regression-based UQ approach (IRUQ) for high-dimensional problems. Specifically, we use an inverse regression procedure to estimate the SDR subspace and then convert the original problem to a low-dimensional one, which can be efficiently solved by building a response surface model such as a polynomial chaos expansion. The novelty and advantages of the proposed approach is seen in its computational efficiency and practicality. Comparing with Monte Carlo, the traditionally preferred approach for high-dimensional UQ, IRUQ with a comparable cost generally gives much more accurate solutions even for high-dimensional problems, and even when the dimension reduction is not exactly sufficient. Theoretically, IRUQ is proved to converge twice as fast as the approach it uses seeking the SDR subspace. For example, while a sliced inverse regression method converges to the SDR subspace at the rate ofmore » $$O(n^{-1/2})$$, the corresponding IRUQ converges at $$O(n^{-1})$$. IRUQ also provides several desired conveniences in practice. It is non-intrusive, requiring only a simulator to generate realizations of the QoI, and there is no need to compute the high-dimensional gradient of the QoI. Finally, error bars can be derived for the estimation results reported by IRUQ.« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Burgos, W.D.
2009-09-02
This report summarizes research conducted in conjunction with a project entitled “Reaction-Based Reactive Transport Modeling of Iron Reduction and Uranium Immobilization at Area 2 of the NABIR Field Research Center”, which was funded through the Integrative Studies Element of the former NABIR Program (now the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program) within the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Dr. William Burgos (The Pennsylvania State University) was the overall PI/PD for the project, which included Brian Dempsey (Penn State), Gour-Tsyh (George) Yeh (Central Florida University), and Eric Roden (formerly at The University of Alabama, now at the University of Wisconsin) as separately-fundedmore » co-PIs. The project focused on development of a mechanistic understanding and quantitative models of coupled Fe(III)/U(VI) reduction in FRC Area 2 sediments. The work builds on our previous studies of microbial Fe(III) and U(VI) reduction, and was directly aligned with the Scheibe et al. ORNL FRC Field Project at Area 2.« less
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1. View of three detection radar (DR) antennas. DR 1 ...
1. View of three detection radar (DR) antennas. DR 1 (structure no. 735) on left, DR 2 (structure no. 736) in center, and DR 3 (structure no. 737) looking north 30 degrees west, with tracking radar (large radome) and satcom (satellite communication) system in small radome in view between DR 2 and DR 3 antennae. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK
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Effects of band selection on endmember extraction for forestry applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Karathanassi, Vassilia; Andreou, Charoula; Andronis, Vassilis; Kolokoussis, Polychronis
2014-10-01
In spectral unmixing theory, data reduction techniques play an important role as hyperspectral imagery contains an immense amount of data, posing many challenging problems such as data storage, computational efficiency, and the so called "curse of dimensionality". Feature extraction and feature selection are the two main approaches for dimensionality reduction. Feature extraction techniques are used for reducing the dimensionality of the hyperspectral data by applying transforms on hyperspectral data. Feature selection techniques retain the physical meaning of the data by selecting a set of bands from the input hyperspectral dataset, which mainly contain the information needed for spectral unmixing. Although feature selection techniques are well-known for their dimensionality reduction potentials they are rarely used in the unmixing process. The majority of the existing state-of-the-art dimensionality reduction methods set criteria to the spectral information, which is derived by the whole wavelength, in order to define the optimum spectral subspace. These criteria are not associated with any particular application but with the data statistics, such as correlation and entropy values. However, each application is associated with specific land c over materials, whose spectral characteristics present variations in specific wavelengths. In forestry for example, many applications focus on tree leaves, in which specific pigments such as chlorophyll, xanthophyll, etc. determine the wavelengths where tree species, diseases, etc., can be detected. For such applications, when the unmixing process is applied, the tree species, diseases, etc., are considered as the endmembers of interest. This paper focuses on investigating the effects of band selection on the endmember extraction by exploiting the information of the vegetation absorbance spectral zones. More precisely, it is explored whether endmember extraction can be optimized when specific sets of initial bands related to leaf spectral characteristics are selected. Experiments comprise application of well-known signal subspace estimation and endmember extraction methods on a hyperspectral imagery that presents a forest area. Evaluation of the extracted endmembers showed that more forest species can be extracted as endmembers using selected bands.
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Studies for the Loss of Atomic and Molecular Species from IO
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Combi, Michael R.
1999-01-01
The general objective of this project has been to advance our theoretical understanding of lo's atmosphere and how various atomic and molecular species are lost from this atmosphere and are distributed in the circumplanetary environment of Jupiter. This grant has provided support for the activities of Dr. Michael Combi at the University of Michigan to serve as a small part in collaboration with a larger project awarded to Atmospheric & Environmental Research, Inc., with primary principal investigator Dr. William H. Smyth. Dr. Combi is the Principal Investigator and Project Manager for the Michigan grant NAG5-6187. This Michigan grant has provided for a continuation of a collaboration between Drs. Smyth and Combi in related efforts beginning in 1981, and with the object to develop and apply sophisticated theoretical models to interpret and to relate a number of new and exciting observations for the atmospheric gases of the satellite. The ability to interpret and then to relate through the theoretical fabric a number of these otherwise independent observations are a central strength of this program. This comprehensive approach provides a collective power, extracting more from the sum of the parts and seeing beyond various limitations that are inherent in any one observation. Although the approach is designed to unify, the program is divided into well-defined studies for the likely dominant atmospheric gases involving species of the SO2 family (SO2, SO, O2, S and O) and for the trace atmospheric gas atomic sodium and a likely escaping molecular ion NaX(+) (where Na(X) is the atmospheric molecule and X represents one or more atoms).Attachments: IO's sodium corona and spatially cloud: a consistent flux speed distribution. and Io's plasma environment during the Galileo flyby: global three-dimensional MHD modeling with adaptive mesh refinement.
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Light curves of flat-spectrum radio sources (Jenness+, 2010)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jenness, T.; Robson, E. I.; Stevens, J. A.
2010-05-01
Calibrated data for 143 flat-spectrum extragalactic radio sources are presented at a wavelength of 850um covering a 5-yr period from 2000 April. The data, obtained at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) camera in pointing mode, were analysed using an automated pipeline process based on the Observatory Reduction and Acquisition Control - Data Reduction (ORAC-DR) system. This paper describes the techniques used to analyse and calibrate the data, and presents the data base of results along with a representative sample of the better-sampled light curves. A re-analysis of previously published data from 1997 to 2000 is also presented. The combined catalogue, comprising 10493 flux density measurements, provides a unique and valuable resource for studies of extragalactic radio sources. (2 data files).
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Entropic manifestations of topological order in three dimensions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bullivant, Alex; Pachos, Jiannis K.
2016-03-01
We evaluate the entanglement entropy of exactly solvable Hamiltonians corresponding to general families of three-dimensional topological models. We show that the modification to the entropic area law due to three-dimensional topological properties is richer than the two-dimensional case. In addition to the reduction of the entropy caused by a nonzero vacuum expectation value of contractible loop operators, a topological invariant emerges that increases the entropy if the model consists of nontrivially braiding anyons. As a result the three-dimensional topological entanglement entropy provides only partial information about the two entropic topological invariants.
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Moriya, Tatsumi; Tanaka, Shiro; Kawasaki, Ryo; Ohashi, Yasuo; Akanuma, Yasuo; Yamada, Nobuhiro; Sone, Hirohito; Yamashita, Hidetoshi; Katayama, Shigehiro
2013-09-01
To examine the interactive relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetic patients and to elucidate the role of DR and microalbuminuria on the onset of macroalbuminuria and renal function decline. We explored the effects of DR and microalbuminuria on the progression of DN from normoalbuminuria and low microalbuminuria (<150 mg/gCr) to macroalbuminuria or renal function decline in the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS), which is a nationwide randomized controlled study of type 2 diabetic patients focusing on lifestyle modification. Patients were divided into four groups according to presence or absence of DR and MA: normoalbuminuria without DR [NA(DR-)] (n = 773), normoalbuminuria with DR [NA(DR+)] (n = 279), microalbuminuria without DR [MA(DR-)] (n = 277), and microalbuminuria with DR [MA(DR+)] (n = 146). Basal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and DR status were determined at baseline and followed for a median of 8.0 years. Annual incidence rates of macroalbuminuria were 1.6/1,000 person-years (9 incidences), 3.9/1,000 person-years (8 incidences), 18.4/1,000 person-years (34 incidences), and 22.1/1,000 person-years (22 incidences) in the four groups, respectively. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of the progression to macroalbuminuria were 2.48 (95% CI 0.94-6.50; P = 0.07), 10.40 (4.91-22.03; P < 0.01), and 11.55 (5.24-25.45; P < 0.01) in NA(DR+), MA(DR-), and MA(DR+), respectively, in comparison with NA(DR-). Decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) per year was two to three times faster in MA(DR+) (-1.92 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/year) than in the other groups. In normo- and low microalbuminuric Japanese type 2 diabetic patients, presence of microalbuminuria at baseline was associated with higher risk of macroalbuminuria in 8 years. Patients with microalbuminuria and DR showed the fastest GFR decline. Albuminuria and DR should be considered as risk factors of renal prognosis in type 2 diabetic patients. An open sharing of information will benefit both ophthalmologists and diabetologists.
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Noble, Janelle A.; Martin, Adelle; Valdes, Ana M.; Lane, Julie A.; Galgani, Andrea; Petrone, Antonio; Lorini, Renata; Pozzilli, Paolo; Buzzetti, Raffaella; Erlich, Henry A.
2008-01-01
Patients with high-risk HLA-DR-DQ genotypes for type 1 diabetes (T1D) were compared to HLA-matched controls to evaluate T1D risk for other HLA loci, including HLA-A, -B, -Cw, and DPB1. Patients (n=133) with high-risk genotypes (DR3/DR3, DR3/DR4, DR4/DR4) were selected from the Lazio (Rome) region of Italy. Screening of more than 9000 subjects from the Lazio region and northern Italy yielded 162 controls with high- T1D-risk haplotypes. Although the overall distributions were not significantly different, allele frequency differences were discovered between the controls from Lazio and those from Northern Italy for some alleles previously shown to affect T1D risk, such as A*3002, DPB1*0301, and DPB1*0402. Therefore, Lazio patient data were compared both to the Lazio subset of controls (n=53) and to the entire group of controls for association analyses. Significant allele frequency differences between patients and DR-DQ-matched controls were found for specific alleles at all loci. Data for the DR3/DR3 subset of patients and controls showed an increase of Cw*0702 in patients. Reduced patient, compared to control, frequencies were seen for several alleles, including A*0101, B*0801, and Cw*0701, all found on the highly-conserved, extended DR3 haplotype known as 8.1 in DR3/DR3, but not DR3/DR4, subgroup. DPB1*0101, often found on 8.1 haplotypes, was also less frequent in DR3/DR3 patients than controls. Analysis of family-based data from the HBDI repository was consistent with the observed results from the Italian subjects, suggesting the presence of a T1D-protective locus at or near A*0101 and a second T1D-protective locus at or near DPB1*0101. These data suggest that T1D risk conferred by the 8.1 haplotype is genotype dependent. PMID:18486765
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Fok, Wilson C; Bokov, Alex; Gelfond, Jonathan; Yu, Zhen; Zhang, Yiqiang; Doderer, Mark; Chen, Yidong; Javors, Martin; Wood, William H; Zhang, Yongqing; Becker, Kevin G; Richardson, Arlan; Pérez, Viviana I
2014-04-01
Rapamycin (Rapa) and dietary restriction (DR) have consistently been shown to increase lifespan. To investigate whether Rapa and DR affect similar pathways in mice, we compared the effects of feeding mice ad libitum (AL), Rapa, DR, or a combination of Rapa and DR (Rapa + DR) on the transcriptome and metabolome of the liver. The principal component analysis shows that Rapa and DR are distinct groups. Over 2500 genes are significantly changed with either Rapa or DR when compared with mice fed AL; more than 80% are unique to DR or Rapa. A similar observation was made when genes were grouped into pathways; two-thirds of the pathways were uniquely changed by DR or Rapa. The metabolome shows an even greater difference between Rapa and DR; no metabolites in Rapa-treated mice were changed significantly from AL mice, whereas 173 metabolites were changed in the DR mice. Interestingly, the number of genes significantly changed by Rapa + DR when compared with AL is twice as large as the number of genes significantly altered by either DR or Rapa alone. In summary, the global effects of DR or Rapa on the liver are quite different and a combination of Rapa and DR results in alterations in a large number of genes and metabolites that are not significantly changed by either manipulation alone, suggesting that a combination of DR and Rapa would be more effective in extending longevity than either treatment alone. © 2013 The Authors. Aging Cell published by the Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Fu, Shaofang; Zhu, Chengzhou; Song, Junhua
2016-12-28
Rational design and construction of Pt-based porous nanostructures with large mesopores have triggered significant considerations because of their high surface area and more efficient mass transport. Hydrochloric acid-induced kinetic reduction of metal precursors in the presence of soft template F-127 and hard template tellurium nanowires has been successfully demonstrated to construct one-dimensional hierarchical porous PtCu alloy nanostructures with large mesopores. Moreover, the electrochemical experiments demonstrated that the resultant PtCu hierarchically porous nanostructures with optimized composition exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nadjafikhah, Mehdi; Jafari, Mehdi
2013-12-01
In this paper, partially invariant solutions (PISs) method is applied in order to obtain new four-dimensional Einstein Walker manifolds. This method is based on subgroup classification for the symmetry group of partial differential equations (PDEs) and can be regarded as the generalization of the similarity reduction method. For this purpose, those cases of PISs which have the defect structure δ=1 and are resulted from two-dimensional subalgebras are considered in the present paper. Also it is shown that the obtained PISs are distinct from the invariant solutions that obtained by similarity reduction method.
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Epitaxial Garnet Investigation; Technical Report, Foreign Travel
1988-10-25
Pure yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films are grown on GGG substrates by * liquid phase epitaxy ( LPE ) in production lots. In addition, one or two...epitaxial garnet films for Philips Dr. Krumme * Dr. Doormann 3-6-87 Thomson - CSF Research Center, Orsay, France Dr. J. P. Castera Dr. P. L. Meunier all...research physicists who grow, characterize, Dr. J. Y. Beguin or use epitaxial garnet films for Thomson CSF. Dr. J. L. Rolland Dr. P. Friez The
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Ji, Shuiwang
2013-07-11
The structured organization of cells in the brain plays a key role in its functional efficiency. This delicate organization is the consequence of unique molecular identity of each cell gradually established by precise spatiotemporal gene expression control during development. Currently, studies on the molecular-structural association are beginning to reveal how the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns are related to cellular differentiation and structural development. In this article, we aim at a global, data-driven study of the relationship between gene expressions and neuroanatomy in the developing mouse brain. To enable visual explorations of the high-dimensional data, we map the in situ hybridization gene expression data to a two-dimensional space by preserving both the global and the local structures. Our results show that the developing brain anatomy is largely preserved in the reduced gene expression space. To provide a quantitative analysis, we cluster the reduced data into groups and measure the consistency with neuroanatomy at multiple levels. Our results show that the clusters in the low-dimensional space are more consistent with neuroanatomy than those in the original space. Gene expression patterns and developing brain anatomy are closely related. Dimensionality reduction and visual exploration facilitate the study of this relationship.
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Cao, Peng; Liu, Xiaoli; Yang, Jinzhu; Zhao, Dazhe; Huang, Min; Zhang, Jian; Zaiane, Osmar
2017-12-01
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been not only a substantial financial burden to the health care system but also an emotional burden to patients and their families. Making accurate diagnosis of AD based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming more and more critical and emphasized at the earliest stages. However, the high dimensionality and imbalanced data issues are two major challenges in the study of computer aided AD diagnosis. The greatest limitations of existing dimensionality reduction and over-sampling methods are that they assume a linear relationship between the MRI features (predictor) and the disease status (response). To better capture the complicated but more flexible relationship, we propose a multi-kernel based dimensionality reduction and over-sampling approaches. We combined Marginal Fisher Analysis with ℓ 2,1 -norm based multi-kernel learning (MKMFA) to achieve the sparsity of region-of-interest (ROI), which leads to simultaneously selecting a subset of the relevant brain regions and learning a dimensionality transformation. Meanwhile, a multi-kernel over-sampling (MKOS) was developed to generate synthetic instances in the optimal kernel space induced by MKMFA, so as to compensate for the class imbalanced distribution. We comprehensively evaluate the proposed models for the diagnostic classification (binary class and multi-class classification) including all subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. The experimental results not only demonstrate the proposed method has superior performance over multiple comparable methods, but also identifies relevant imaging biomarkers that are consistent with prior medical knowledge. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Qiang; Li, Jiafeng; Zhuo, Li; Zhang, Hui; Li, Xiaoguang
2017-12-01
Color is one of the most stable attributes of vehicles and often used as a valuable cue in some important applications. Various complex environmental factors, such as illumination, weather, noise and etc., result in the visual characteristics of the vehicle color being obvious diversity. Vehicle color recognition in complex environments has been a challenging task. The state-of-the-arts methods roughly take the whole image for color recognition, but many parts of the images such as car windows; wheels and background contain no color information, which will have negative impact on the recognition accuracy. In this paper, a novel vehicle color recognition method using local vehicle-color saliency detection and dual-orientational dimensionality reduction of convolutional neural network (CNN) deep features has been proposed. The novelty of the proposed method includes two parts: (1) a local vehicle-color saliency detection method has been proposed to determine the vehicle color region of the vehicle image and exclude the influence of non-color regions on the recognition accuracy; (2) dual-orientational dimensionality reduction strategy has been designed to greatly reduce the dimensionality of deep features that are learnt from CNN, which will greatly mitigate the storage and computational burden of the subsequent processing, while improving the recognition accuracy. Furthermore, linear support vector machine is adopted as the classifier to train the dimensionality reduced features to obtain the recognition model. The experimental results on public dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve superior recognition performance over the state-of-the-arts methods.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Arbitration for Public Assistance determinations related to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Major disaster declarations DR-1603, DR... determinations related to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Major disaster declarations DR-1603, DR-1604, DR-1605, DR...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Arbitration for Public Assistance determinations related to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Major disaster declarations DR-1603, DR... determinations related to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Major disaster declarations DR-1603, DR-1604, DR-1605, DR...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Arbitration for Public Assistance determinations related to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Major disaster declarations DR-1603, DR... determinations related to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Major disaster declarations DR-1603, DR-1604, DR-1605, DR...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Arbitration for Public Assistance determinations related to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Major disaster declarations DR-1603, DR... determinations related to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Major disaster declarations DR-1603, DR-1604, DR-1605, DR...
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Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems Survivability: A Defense-in-Depth Approach
2012-09-01
Robert J. Herman, Henry J. Kluepfel, Gen Richard L. Lawson, Dr. Graham K. Soper , Dr. Lowell L. Wood, Jr., Dr. Joan B. Woodard, Report of the...Kluepfel, Gen Richard L. Lawson, Dr. Graham K. Soper , Dr. Lowell L. Wood, Jr., Dr. Joan B. Woodard. Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to
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1993-06-01
administering contractual support for lab-wide or multiple buys of ADP systems, software, and services. Computer systems located in the Central Computing Facility...Code Dr. D.L. Bradley Vacant Mrs. N.J. Beauchamp Dr. W.A. Kuperman Dr. E.R. Franchi Dr. M.H. Orr Dr. J.A. Bucaro Mr. L.B. Palmer Dr. D.J. Ramsdale Mr
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Dunham, I; Sargent, C A; Dawkins, R L; Campbell, R D
1989-11-01
The class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex in seven common HLA haplotypes has been analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, restriction enzymes that cut genomic DNA infrequently, and Southern blotting. This analysis has revealed that there are differences in the amount of DNA present in the DQ and DR subregions dependent on the haplotype. The class II region of the DR3 haplotype spans approximately 750 kb and has the same amount of DNA as the class II region of the DR5 and DR6 haplotypes. However, the DR2 haplotype has approximately 30 kb more DNA within the DR subregion. The DR4 haplotype has an additional approximately 110 kb of DNA within the DQ or DR subregions compared to the DR3, DR5, and DR6 haplotypes. These haplotype-specific differences could have some bearing both on the analysis of disease susceptibility and on the ability of chromosomes possessing different HLA haplotypes to recombine within the DQ/DR subregions.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
de Wit, Bernard; Reys, Valentin
2017-12-01
Supergravity with eight supercharges in a four-dimensional Euclidean space is constructed at the full non-linear level by performing an off-shell time-like reduction of five-dimensional supergravity. The resulting four-dimensional theory is realized off-shell with the Weyl, vector and tensor supermultiplets and a corresponding multiplet calculus. Hypermultiplets are included as well, but they are themselves only realized with on-shell supersymmetry. We also briefly discuss the non-linear supermultiplet. The off-shell reduction leads to a full understanding of the Euclidean theory. A complete multiplet calculus is presented along the lines of the Minkowskian theory. Unlike in Minkowski space, chiral and anti-chiral multiplets are real and supersymmetric actions are generally unbounded from below. Precisely as in the Minkowski case, where one has different formulations of Poincaré supergravity upon introducing different compensating supermultiplets, one can also obtain different versions of Euclidean supergravity.
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Puzzle Imaging: Using Large-Scale Dimensionality Reduction Algorithms for Localization.
Glaser, Joshua I; Zamft, Bradley M; Church, George M; Kording, Konrad P
2015-01-01
Current high-resolution imaging techniques require an intact sample that preserves spatial relationships. We here present a novel approach, "puzzle imaging," that allows imaging a spatially scrambled sample. This technique takes many spatially disordered samples, and then pieces them back together using local properties embedded within the sample. We show that puzzle imaging can efficiently produce high-resolution images using dimensionality reduction algorithms. We demonstrate the theoretical capabilities of puzzle imaging in three biological scenarios, showing that (1) relatively precise 3-dimensional brain imaging is possible; (2) the physical structure of a neural network can often be recovered based only on the neural connectivity matrix; and (3) a chemical map could be reproduced using bacteria with chemosensitive DNA and conjugative transfer. The ability to reconstruct scrambled images promises to enable imaging based on DNA sequencing of homogenized tissue samples.
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Fancy, Romone M.; Wang, Lingyun; Zeng, Qinghua; Wang, Hong; Zhou, Tong; Buchsbaum, Donald J.; Song, Yuhua
2016-01-01
Activation of death receptor-5 (DR5) leads to the formation of death inducing signaling complex (DISC) for apoptotic signaling. Targeting DR5 to induce breast cancer apoptosis is a promising strategy to circumvent drug resistance and present a target for breast cancer treatment. Calmodulin (CaM) has been shown to regulate DR5-mediated apoptotic signaling, however, its mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we characterized CaM and DR5 interactions in breast cancer cells with integrated experimental and computational approaches. Results show that CaM directly binds to DR5 in a calcium dependent manner in breast cancer cells. The direct interaction of CaM with DR5 is localized at DR5 death domain. We have predicted and verified the CaM-binding site in DR5 being 354WEPLMRKLGL363 that is located at the α2 helix and the loop between α2 helix and α3 helix of DR5 DD. The residues of Trp-354, Arg-359, Glu-355, Leu-363, and Glu-367 in DR5 death domain that are important for DR5 recruitment of FADD and caspase-8 for DISC formation to signal apoptosis also play an important role for CaM-DR5 binding. The changed electrostatic potential distribution in the CaM-binding site in DR5 DD by the point mutations of W354A, E355K, R359A, L363N, or E367K in DR5 DD could directly contribute to the experimentally observed decreased CaM-DR5 binding by the point mutations of the key residues in DR5 DD. Results from this study provide a key step for the further investigation of the role of CaM-DR5 binding in DR5-mediated DISC formation for apoptosis in breast cancer cells. PMID:27129269
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HLA DR phenotypic frequencies and genetic risk of Type 1 diabetes in west region of Algeria, Tlemcen
Aribi, Mourad; Moulessehoul, Soraya; Benabadji, Ahmed-Bakir; Kendoucitani, Mohammed
2004-01-01
Background The main genomic region controlling the predisposition to type 1 diabetes is the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) class II of the major histocompatibility complex. Association with different HLA types depends also on the studied populations. In our investigation, we tried to measure the phenotypic HLA class II association frequencies of DR3 and/or DR4 antigens, using a serologic method called microlymphocytotoxicity analysis, in diabetic and nondiabetic (ND) subjects originating from the west-Algerian region of Tlemcen. The aim of the present study was to determine which HLA DR antigens represent a high susceptibility to develop the disease in this area. Using a case-control retrospective study design, we randomly recruited ninety-one related subjects, 39 type 1 diabetics and 52 ND as controls, at the Internal Medicine Board of Medical Centre University of Tlemcen. Results DR3 antigen frequencies were comparable between the type 1 diabetics and the ND subjects and showed no association with the disease (p = 1.000, OR = 0.95), whereas DR4 and DR3DR4 antigens were associated with susceptibility to develop type 1 diabetes (DR4; OR = 2.10, DR3DR4; OR = 1.30). Also, no incidence for DR3 (p = 0.2646) or DR3DR4 (p = 0.0699) antigen frequencies was related to the sex ratio. However, significant differences in HLA DR4 frequencies between type 1 diabetics and ND were found to be related to sex (p = 0.0085). Conclusion Taken together, our investigation showed that the strongest association with type 1 diabetes was noticed in the presence of HLA DR4 antigens followed by DR3DR4 antigens. This study highlighted a characteristic of Tlemcen population; a history of consanguineous marriages. Association studies between the disease and genetic polymorphisms should be undertaken in a population where consanguinity is more limited to reduce confounding in result interpretations. PMID:15331022
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1989-01-30
C- o C! -0 0 0 -4i 104 Wz 0 4 P, N. *40 #A -*0 9*4 14 -*40s on f I046.. I 4n in f" *l eq r,4 "I CA 0~ 0 ~ 4 i 0 ~1 0 00 Va 4 n !=4 O .." VV " Ka ...97331 Dr. Robert L. Smith 1 Dr. Adriana Huyer I Dr. P. Michael Kosro 1 Dr. Mark R. Abbott I Dr. John S. Allen 1 Dr. Tim Cowles 1 Dr. David Kadco i Dr. Ted
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National Defense Center of Excellence for Industrial Metrology and 3D Imaging
2012-10-18
validation rather than mundane data-reduction/analysis tasks. Indeed, the new financial and technical resources being brought to bear by integrating CT...of extremely fast axial scanners. By replacing the single-spot detector by a detector array, a three-dimensional image is acquired by one depth scan...the number of acquired voxels per complete two-dimensional or three-dimensional image, the axial and lateral resolution, the depth range, the
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Scalable Learning for Geostatistics and Speaker Recognition
2011-01-01
of prior knowledge of the model or due to improved robustness requirements). Both these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The use...application. If the data is well-correlated and low-dimensional, any prior knowledge available on the data can be used to build a parametric model. In the...absence of prior knowledge , non-parametric methods can be used. If the data is high-dimensional, PCA based dimensionality reduction is often the first
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Feature Extraction and Classification of Magnetic and EMI Data, San Luis Obispo, CA
2010-07-01
Stephen Billings Dr. Len Pasion Dr. Nicolas Lhomme Kevin Kingdon Jon Jacobson Sky Research, Inc. Dr. Douglas Oldenburg Dr. Lin Ping Song...Discrimination Strategies for Application to Live Sites W912HQ-05-C-0018 ESTCP 0504Dr. Stephen Billings, Dr. Len Pasion , Dr. Nicolas Lhomme, Kevin...e.g. Hart et al., 2001; Collins et al., 2001; Pasion & Oldenburg, 2001; Zhang et al., 2003a, 2003b; Billings, 2004). The most promising discrimination
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Gui, Jiang; Andrew, Angeline S.; Andrews, Peter; Nelson, Heather M.; Kelsey, Karl T.; Karagas, Margaret R.; Moore, Jason H.
2010-01-01
A central goal of human genetics is to identify and characterize susceptibility genes for common complex human diseases. An important challenge in this endeavor is the modeling of gene-gene interaction or epistasis that can result in non-additivity of genetic effects. The multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method was developed as machine learning alternative to parametric logistic regression for detecting interactions in absence of significant marginal effects. The goal of MDR is to reduce the dimensionality inherent in modeling combinations of polymorphisms using a computational approach called constructive induction. Here, we propose a Robust Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (RMDR) method that performs constructive induction using a Fisher’s Exact Test rather than a predetermined threshold. The advantage of this approach is that only those genotype combinations that are determined to be statistically significant are considered in the MDR analysis. We use two simulation studies to demonstrate that this approach will increase the success rate of MDR when there are only a few genotype combinations that are significantly associated with case-control status. We show that there is no loss of success rate when this is not the case. We then apply the RMDR method to the detection of gene-gene interactions in genotype data from a population-based study of bladder cancer in New Hampshire. PMID:21091664
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Microgrid to enable optimal distributed energy retail and end-user demand response
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Jin, Ming; Feng, Wei; Marnay, Chris
In the face of unprecedented challenges in environmental sustainability and grid resilience, there is an increasingly held consensus regarding the adoption of distributed and renewable energy resources such as microgrids (MGs), and the utilization of flexible electric loads by demand response (DR) to potentially drive a necessary paradigm shift in energy production and consumption patterns. However, the potential value of distributed generation and demand flexibility has not yet been fully realized in the operation of MGs. This study investigates the pricing and operation strategy with DR for a MG retailer in an integrated energy system (IES). Based on co-optimizing retailmore » rates and MG dispatch formulated as a mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) problem, our model devises a dynamic pricing scheme that reflects the cost of generation and promotes DR, in tandem with an optimal dispatch plan that exploits spark spread and facilitates the integration of renewables, resulting in improved retailer profits and system stability. Main issues like integrated energy coupling and customer bill reduction are addressed during pricing to ensure rates competitiveness and customer protection. By evaluating on real datasets, the system is demonstrated to optimally coordinate storage, renewables, and combined heat and power (CHP), reduce carbon dioxide emission while maintaining profits, and effectively alleviate the PV curtailment problem. Finally, the model can be used by retailers and MG operators to optimize their operations, as well as regulators to design new utility rates in support of the ongoing transformation of energy systems.« less
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Microgrid to enable optimal distributed energy retail and end-user demand response
Jin, Ming; Feng, Wei; Marnay, Chris; ...
2018-06-07
In the face of unprecedented challenges in environmental sustainability and grid resilience, there is an increasingly held consensus regarding the adoption of distributed and renewable energy resources such as microgrids (MGs), and the utilization of flexible electric loads by demand response (DR) to potentially drive a necessary paradigm shift in energy production and consumption patterns. However, the potential value of distributed generation and demand flexibility has not yet been fully realized in the operation of MGs. This study investigates the pricing and operation strategy with DR for a MG retailer in an integrated energy system (IES). Based on co-optimizing retailmore » rates and MG dispatch formulated as a mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) problem, our model devises a dynamic pricing scheme that reflects the cost of generation and promotes DR, in tandem with an optimal dispatch plan that exploits spark spread and facilitates the integration of renewables, resulting in improved retailer profits and system stability. Main issues like integrated energy coupling and customer bill reduction are addressed during pricing to ensure rates competitiveness and customer protection. By evaluating on real datasets, the system is demonstrated to optimally coordinate storage, renewables, and combined heat and power (CHP), reduce carbon dioxide emission while maintaining profits, and effectively alleviate the PV curtailment problem. Finally, the model can be used by retailers and MG operators to optimize their operations, as well as regulators to design new utility rates in support of the ongoing transformation of energy systems.« less
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Schietroma, Mario; Pessia, Beatrice; Stifini, Derna; Lancione, Laura; Carlei, Francesco; Cecilia, Emanuela Marina; Amicucci, Gianfranco
2016-01-01
The advantages of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) over open adrenalectomy are undeniable. Nevertheless, carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum may have an unfavourable effect on the local immune response. The aim of this study was to compare changes in the systemic inflammation and immune response in the early post-operative (p.o.) period after LA performed with standard and low-pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum. We studied, in a prospective randomised study, 51 patients consecutively with documented adrenal lesion who had undergone a LA: 26 using standard-pressure (12-14 mmHg) and 25 using low-pressure (6-8 mmHg) pneumoperitoneum. White blood cells (WBC), peripheral lymphocyte subpopulation, human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), neutrophil elastase, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were investigated. Significantly higher concentrations of neutrophil elastase, IL-6 and IL-1 and CRP were detected p.o. in the standard-pressure group of patients in comparison with the low-pressure group (P < 0.05). A statistically significant change in HLA-DR expression was recorded p.o. at 24 h, as a reduction of this antigen expressed on the monocyte surface in patients from the standard group; no changes were noted in low-pressure group patients (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that reducing the pressure of the pneumoperitoneum to 6-8 mmHg during LA reduced p.o. inflammatory response and averted p.o. immunosuppression.
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The Analysis of Dimensionality Reduction Techniques in Cryptographic Object Code Classification
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Jason L. Wright; Milos Manic
2010-05-01
This paper compares the application of three different dimension reduction techniques to the problem of locating cryptography in compiled object code. A simple classi?er is used to compare dimension reduction via sorted covariance, principal component analysis, and correlation-based feature subset selection. The analysis concentrates on the classi?cation accuracy as the number of dimensions is increased.
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Gao, Su-qing; Cheng, Liang-hong; Lu, Liang; Jing, Shi-zheng; Cheng, Xi; Zhang, Yin-ze; Zou, Hong-yan; Deng, Zhi-hui
2009-02-01
To analyze the difference between the frequencies of HLA-A-B, B-DRB1 and A-B-DRB1 haplotype, as well as their linkage disequilibrium pattern in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and healthy controls from Northern Chinese Han. The frequencies of HLA-A-B, B-DRB1, A-B-DR haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium were estimated by Expectation Maximization method based on the genotypes of 643 patients with ALL and 2 0359 unrelated healthy donors, and the statistical significance between the two groups were estimated by chi-square test. Linkage disequilibrium was analyzed with population genetic methods. The most common HLA-A-B, B-DRB1, and A-B-DR haplotypes were A30-B13, A2-B46, A33-B58, B13-DR7, B46-DR9, B52-DR15, B58-DR17, A30-B13-DR7, A33-B58-DR17 and A1-B37-DR10 in both groups. The frequencies of A30-B13, A2-B46, A33-B44, B13-DR7, A30-B13-DR7 and A2-B46-DR9 haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the patient group than that in the control group. On the other hand, the frequencies of A2-B52, A31-B61, A24- B8, B60-DR9, B27-DR4, B52-DR14, B44-DR17, B27-DR12 and A11-B27-DR12 haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium value were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the patient group than that in the control group. There are some common and positive linkage disequilibrium haplotypes in both the ALL patients and the healthy donors in Northern Chinese Han. Interestingly, some haplotypes and their linkage disequilibrium patterns had significantly different distributions between the two groups. The study provided basic data for the relationship of ALL and HLA haplotype and for finding the HLA-A, B, DR matching donors.
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Nie, Li; Xu, Xiao-Xiao; Xiang, Li-Xin; Shao, Jian-Zhong; Chen, Jiong
2017-05-27
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) are two important cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), initiating innate antibacterial and antiviral signaling pathways. However, the relationship between these PRRs, especially in teleost fish models, is rarely reported. In this article, we describe the mutual regulation of zebrafish NOD2 ( Dr NOD2) and RIG-I ( Dr RIG-I) in innate immune responses. Luciferase assays were conducted to determine the activation of NF-κB and interferon signaling. Morpholino-mediated knockdown and mRNA-mediated rescue were performed to further confirm the regulatory roles between Dr NOD2 and Dr RIG-I. Results showed that Dr NOD2 and Dr RIG-I shared conserved structural hallmarks with their mammalian counterparts, and activated Dr RIG-I signaling can induce Dr NOD2 production. Surprisingly, Dr NOD2-initiated signaling can also induce Dr RIG-I expression, indicating that a mutual regulatory mechanism may exist between them. Studies conducted using HEK293T cells and zebrafish embryos showed that Dr RIG-I could negatively regulate Dr NOD2-activated NF-κB signaling, and Dr NOD2 could inhibit Dr RIG-I-induced IFN signaling. Moreover, knocking down Dr RIG-I expression by morpholino could enhance Dr NOD2-initiated NF-κB activation, and vice versa, which could be rescued by their corresponding mRNAs. Results revealed a mutual feedback regulatory mechanism underlying NOD2 and RIG-I signaling pathways in teleosts. This mechanism reflects the coordination between cytosolic antibacterial and antiviral PRRs in the complex network of innate immunity.
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Milutinovic, Snezana; Kashyap, Arun K; Yanagi, Teruki; Wimer, Carina; Zhou, Sihong; O'Neil, Ryann; Kurtzman, Aaron L; Faynboym, Alexsandr; Xu, Li; Hannum, Charles H; Diaz, Paul W; Matsuzawa, Shu-ichi; Horowitz, Michael; Horowitz, Lawrence; Bhatt, Ramesh R; Reed, John C
2016-01-01
Death receptors of the TNF family are found on the surface of most cancer cells and their activation typically kills cancer cells through the stimulation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The endogenous ligand for death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4 and DR5) is TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL (Apo2L). As most untransformed cells are not susceptible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, death receptor activators have emerged as promising cancer therapeutic agents. One strategy to stimulate death receptors in cancer patients is to use soluble human recombinant TRAIL protein, but this agent has limitations of a short half-life and decoy receptor sequestration. Another strategy that attempted to evade decoy receptor sequestration and to provide improved pharmacokinetic properties was to generate DR4 or DR5 agonist antibodies. The resulting monoclonal agonist antibodies overcame the limitations of short half-life and avoided decoy receptor sequestration, but are limited by activating only one of the two death receptors. Here, we describe a DR4 and DR5 dual agonist produced using Surrobody technology that activates both DR4 and DR5 to induce apoptotic death of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and also avoids decoy receptor sequestration. This fully human anti-DR4/DR5 Surrobody displays superior potency to DR4- and DR5-specific antibodies, even when combined with TRAIL-sensitizing proapoptotic agents. Moreover, cancer cells were less likely to acquire resistance to Surrobody than either anti-DR4 or anti-DR5 monospecific antibodies. Taken together, Surrobody shows promising preclinical proapoptotic activity against cancer cells, meriting further exploration of its potential as a novel cancer therapeutic agent. ©2015 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Milutinovic, Snezana; Kashyap, Arun K.; Yanagi, Teruki; Wimer, Carina; Zhou, Sihong; O' Neil, Ryann; Kurtzman, Aaron L.; Faynboym, Alexsandr; Xu, Li; Hannum, Charles H.; Diaz, Paul W.; Matsuzawa, Shu-ichi; Horowitz, Michael; Horowitz, Lawrence; Bhatt, Ramesh R.; Reed, John C.
2015-01-01
Death receptors of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) family are found on surface of most cancer cells and their activation typically kills cancer cells through the stimulation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The endogenous ligand for death receptors-4 and -5 (DR4 and DR5) is Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand, TRAIL (Apo2L). Since most untransformed cells are not susceptible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, death receptor activators have emerged as promising cancer therapeutic agents. One strategy to stimulate death receptors in cancer patients is to use soluble human recombinant TRAIL protein, but this agent has limitations of a short half-life and decoy receptor sequestration. Another strategy that attempted to evade decoy receptor sequestration and to provide improved pharmacokinetic properties was to generate DR4 or DR5 agonist antibodies. The resulting monoclonal agonist antibodies overcame the limitations of short half-life and avoided decoy receptor sequestration, but are limited by activating only one of the two death receptors. Here, we describe a DR4 and DR5 dual agonist produced using Surrobody™ technology that activates both DR4 and DR5 to induce apoptotic death of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and also avoids decoy receptor sequestration. This fully human anti-DR4/DR5 Surrobody displays superior potency to DR4- and DR5-specific antibodies, even when combined with TRAIL-sensitizing pro-apoptotic agents. Moreover, cancer cells were less likely to acquire resistance to Surrobody than either anti-DR4 or anti-DR5 mono-specific antibodies. Taken together, Surrobody shows promising preclinical pro-apoptotic activity against cancer cells, meriting further exploration of its potential as a novel cancer therapeutic agent. PMID:26516157
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2003-08-01
Gerhard Braun, Dr. Rudolf Edse, Dr. Wolfgang Noeggerath, Hans Rister, and Dr. Theodor Zobel. (Dr. von Braun and the four other rocket specialists...Heinrich Albers, Herman Bottenhorn, Gerhard Krause , Dr. Ernst Kugel, and Hermann Nehlsen to Loewy Hydropress, Inc., in New York, while Dr. Claus...March 1948, Air Materiel Command maintained the Watson- and Cambridge-assigned German scientists at status quo, but added Dr. Wolfgang Pfister the next
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1984-09-01
1968-71 Dr. Francis S. L. Williamson, 1971-75 Dr. J. Kevin Sullivan, 1975-83 Dr. David L. Correll, 1983-84 B-I...BASIC RESEARCH (cont’d) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Dr. I. Eugene Wallen, 1968-71 Dr. Francis S. L. Williamson, 1971-75 Dr. 3. Kevin Sullivan, 1975-83 Dr...MSX merical fishino and recrea- by increased distributions of waer sources fromsaltitru- the B E P predicted oysters tion industries and for the
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2012-09-01
Harry A. Atwater(P.I.), Axel Scherer (co-PI), Oskar J . Painter (co-PI), Kerry J . Vahala 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Eli Yablonovitch (co-PI), Xiang Zhang (co...Faculty: Dr. Harry A. Atwater, Dr. Axel Scherer, Dr. Oskar J . Painter, Dr. Kerry J . Vahala, Dr. Federico Capasso, Dr. Eli Yablonovitch, Dr. Xiang...Raman microlasers on a silicon chip fabricated by the sol-gel process" L. Yang, T. Carmon, B. Min, S. M. Spillane, and K. J . Vahala, 091114, Applied
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Reduction of molybdate to molybdenum blue by Klebsiella sp. strain hkeem.
Lim, H K; Syed, M A; Shukor, M Y
2012-06-01
A novel molybdate-reducing bacterium, tentatively identified as Klebsiella sp. strain hkeem and based on partial 16s rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, has been isolated. Strain hkeem produced 3 times more molybdenum blue than Serratia sp. strain Dr.Y8; the most potent Mo-reducing bacterium isolated to date. Molybdate was optimally reduced to molybdenum blue using 4.5 mM phosphate, 80 mM molybdate and using 1% (w/v) fructose as a carbon source. Molybdate reduction was optimum at 30 °C and at pH 7.3. The molybdenum blue produced from cellular reduction exhibited absorption spectrum with a maximum peak at 865 nm and a shoulder at 700 nm. Inhibitors of electron transport system such as antimycin A, rotenone, sodium azide, and potassium cyanide did not inhibit the molybdenum-reducing enzyme. Mercury, silver, and copper at 1 ppm inhibited molybdenum blue formation in whole cells of strain hkeem. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.