Sample records for direct part marking

  1. Parts quality management: Direct part marking of data matrix symbol for mission assurance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moss, Chantrice; Chakrabarti, Suman; Scott, David W.

    A United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) review of twelve NASA programs found widespread parts quality problems contributing to significant cost overruns, schedule delays, and reduced system reliability. Direct part marking with Data Matrix symbols could significantly improve the quality of inventory control and parts lifecycle management. This paper examines the feasibility of using direct part marking technologies for use in future NASA programs. A structural analysis is based on marked material type, operational environment (e.g., ground, suborbital, Low Earth Orbit), durability of marks, ease of operation, reliability, and affordability. A cost-benefits analysis considers marking technology (label printing, data plates, and direct part marking) and marking types (two-dimensional machine-readable, human-readable). Previous NASA parts marking efforts and historical cost data are accounted for, including in-house vs. outsourced marking. Some marking methods are still under development. While this paper focuses on NASA programs, results may be applicable to a variety of industrial environments.

  2. Parts Quality Management: Direct Part Marking of Data Matrix Symbol for Mission Assurance

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Moss, Chantrice; Chakrabarti, Suman; Scott, David W.

    2013-01-01

    A United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) review of twelve NASA programs found widespread parts quality problems contributing to significant cost overruns, schedule delays, and reduced system reliability. Direct part marking with Data Matrix symbols could significantly improve the quality of inventory control and parts lifecycle management. This paper examines the feasibility of using direct part marking technologies for use in future NASA programs. A structural analysis is based on marked material type, operational environment (e.g., ground, suborbital, Low Earth Orbit), durability of marks, ease of operation, reliability, and affordability. A cost-benefits analysis considers marking technology (label printing, data plates, and direct part marking) and marking types (two-dimensional machine-readable, human-readable). Previous NASA parts marking efforts and historical cost data are accounted for, including inhouse vs. outsourced marking. Some marking methods are still under development. While this paper focuses on NASA programs, results may be applicable to a variety of industrial environments.

  3. Parts Quality Management: Direct Part Marking via Data Matrix Symbols for Mission Assurance

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Moss, Chantrice

    2013-01-01

    A United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) review of twelve NASA programs found widespread parts quality problems contributing to significant cost overruns, schedule delays, and reduced system reliability. Direct part-marking with Data Matrix symbols could significantly improve the quality of inventory control and parts lifecycle management. This paper examines the feasibility of using 15 marking technologies for use in future NASA programs. A structural analysis is based on marked material type, operational environment (e.g., ground, suborbital, orbital), durability of marks, ease of operation, reliability, and affordability. A cost-benefits analysis considers marking technology (data plates, label printing, direct part marking) and marking types (two-dimensional machine-readable, human-readable). Previous NASA parts marking efforts and historical cost data are accounted for, including in-house vs. outsourced marking. Some marking methods are still under development. While this paper focuses on NASA programs, results may be applicable to a variety of industrial environments.

  4. UID.. .Now That's Gonna Leave A Mark

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Fred

    2006-01-01

    Since 1975 bar codes on products at the retail counter have been accepted as the standard for entering product identity for price determination. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Data Matrix symbol has become accepted as the bar code format that is marked directly on a part, assembly or product that is durable enough to identify that item for its lifetime. NASA began the studies for direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on parts during the Return to Flight activities after the Challenger Accident. Over the 20 year period that has elapsed since Challenger, a mountain of studies, analyses and focused problem solutions developed by and for NASA have brought about world changing results. NASA Technical Standard 6002 and NASA Handbook 6003 for Direct Part Marking Data Matrix Symbols on Aerospace Parts have formed the basis for most other standards on part marking internationally. NASA and its commercial partners have developed numerous products and methods that addressed the difficulties of collecting part identification in aerospace operations. These products enabled the marking of Data Matrix symbols in virtually every situation and the reading of symbols at great distances, severe angles, under paint and in the dark without a light. Even unmarkable delicate parts now have a process to apply a chemical mixture, recently trademarked as Nanocodes, that can be converted to Data Matrix information through software. The accompanying intellectual property is protected by ten patents, several of which are licensed. Direct marking Data Matrix on NASA parts dramatically decreases data entry errors and the number of parts that go through their life cycle marked, two major threats to sound configuration management and flight safety. NASA is said to only have people and stuff with information connecting them. Data Matrix is one of the most significant improvements since Challenger to the safety and reliability of that connection.

  5. UID...Leaving Its Mark on the Universe

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Harry F., Jr.

    2008-01-01

    Since 1975 bar codes on products at the retail counter have been accepted as the standard for entering product identity for price determination. Since the beginning of the 21 st century, the Data Matrix symbol has become accepted as the bar code format that is marked directly on a part, assembly or product that is durable enough to identify that item for its lifetime. NASA began the studies for direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on parts during the Return to Flight activities after the Challenger Accident. Over the 20 year period that has elapsed since Challenger, a mountain of studies, analyses and focused problem solutions developed by and for NASA have brought about world changing results. NASA Technical Standard 6002 and NASA Handbook 6003 for Direct Part Marking Data Matrix Symbols on Aerospace Parts have formed the basis for most other standards on part marking internationally. NASA and its commercial partners have developed numerous products and methods that addressed the difficulties of collecting part identification in aerospace operations. These products enabled the marking of Data Matrix symbols in virtually every situation and the reading of symbols at great distances, severe angles, under paint and in the dark without a light. Even unmarkable delicate parts now have a process to apply a chemical mixture, recently trademarked as Nanocodes, that can be converted to Data Matrix information through software. The accompanying intellectual property is protected by ten patents, several of which are licensed. Direct marking Data Matrix on NASA parts dramatically decreases data entry errors and the number of parts that go through their life cycle unmarked, two major threats to sound configuration management and flight safety. NASA is said to only have people and stuff with information connecting them. Data Matrix is one of the most significant improvements since Challenger to the safety and reliability of that connection.

  6. UID...Now That's Gonna Leave a Mark

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Harry F.

    2008-01-01

    Since 1975 bar codes on products at the retail counter have been accepted as the standard for entering product identity for price determination. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Data Matrix symbol has become accepted as the bar code format that is marked directly on a part, assembly or product that is durable enough to identify that item for its lifetime. NASA began the studies for direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on parts during the Return to Flight activities after the Challenger Accident. Over the 20 year period that has elapsed since Challenger, a mountain of studies, analyses and focused problem solutions developed by and for NASA have brought about world changing results. NASA Technical Standard 6002 and NASA Handbook 6003 for Direct Part Marking Data Matrix Symbols on Aerospace Parts have formed the basis for most other standards on part marking internationally. NASA and its commercial partners have developed numerous products and methods that addressed the difficulties of collecting part identification in aerospace operations. These products enabled the marking of Data Matrix symbols in virtually every situation and the reading of symbols at great distances, severe angles, under paint and in the dark without a light. Even unmarkable delicate parts now have a process to apply a chemical mixture, recently trademarked as Nanocodes, that can be converted to Data Matrix information through software. The accompanying intellectual property is protected by ten patents, several of which are licensed. Direct marking Data Matrix on NASA parts dramatically decreases data entry errors and the number of parts that go through their life cycle unmarked, two major threats to sound configuration management and flight safety. NASA is said to only have people and stuff with information connecting them. Data Matrix is one of the most significant improvements since Challenger to the safety and reliability of that connection.

  7. UID....Now That's Gonna Leave A Mark

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Harry F., Jr.

    2008-01-01

    Since 1975 bar codes on products at the retail counter have been accepted as the standard for entering product identity for price determination. Since the beginning of the 21 st century, the Data Matrix symbol has become accepted as the bar code format that is marked directly on a part, assembly or product that is durable enough to identify that item for its lifetime. NASA began the studies for direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on parts during the Return to Flight activities after the Challenger Accident. Over the 20 year period that has elapsed since Challenger, a mountain of studies, analyses and focused problem solutions developed by and for NASA have brought about world changing results. NASA Technical Standard 6002 and NASA Handbook 6003 for Direct Part Marking Data Matrix Symbols on Aerospace Parts have formed the basis for most other standards on part marking internationally. NASA and its commercial partners have developed numerous products and methods that addressed the difficulties of collecting part identification in aerospace operations. These products enabled the marking of Data Matrix symbols in virtually every situation and the reading of symbols at great distances, severe angles, under paint and in the dark without a light. Even unmarkable delicate parts now have a process to apply a chemical mixture, recently trademarked as Nanocodes, that can be converted to Data Matrix information through software. The accompanying intellectual property is protected by ten patents, several of which are licensed. Direct marking Data Matrix on NASA parts dramatically decreases data entry errors and the number of parts that go through their life cycle unmarked, two major threats to sound configuration management and flight safety. NASA is said to only have people and stuff with information connecting them. Data Matrix is one of the most significant improvements since Challenger to the safety and reliability of that connection.

  8. UID...Now That's Gonna Leave A Mark

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Harry F., Jr.

    2007-01-01

    Since 1975 bar codes on products at the retail counter have been accepted as the standard for entering product identity for price determination. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Data Matrix symbol has become accepted as the bar code format that is marked directly on a part, assembly or product that is durable enough to identify that item for its lifetime. NASA began the studies for direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on parts during the Return to Flight activities after the Challenger Accident. Over the 20 year period that has elapsed since Challenger, a mountain of studies, analyses and focused problem solutions developed by and for NASA have brought about world changing results. NASA Technical Standard 6002 and NASA Handbook 6003 for Direct Part Marking Data Matrix Symbols on Aerospace Parts have formed the basis for most other standards on part marking internationally. NASA and its commercial partners have developed numerous products and methods that addressed the difficulties of collecting part identification in aerospace operations. These products enabled the marking of Data Matrix symbols in virtually every situation and the reading of symbols at great distances, severe angles, under paint and in the dark without a light. Even unmarkable delicate parts now have a process to apply a chemical mixture, recently trademarked as Nanocodes, that can be converted to Data Matrix information through software. The accompanying intellectual property is protected by ten patents, several of which are licensed. Direct marking Data Matrix on NASA parts dramatically decreases data entry errors and the number ofparts that go through their life cycle unmarked, two major threats to sound configuration management and flight safety. NASA is said to only have people and stuff with information connecting them. Data Matrix is one of the most significant improvements since Challenger to the safety and reliability of that connection.

  9. NASA Technologies for Product Identification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Fred, Jr.

    2006-01-01

    Since 1975 bar codes on products at the retail counter have been accepted as the standard for entering product identity for price determination. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Data Matrix symbol has become accepted as the bar code format that is marked directly on a part, assembly or product that is durable enough to identify that item for its lifetime. NASA began the studies for direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on parts during the Return to Flight activities after the Challenger Accident. Over the 20 year period that has elapsed since Challenger, a mountain of studies, analyses and focused problem solutions developed by and for NASA have brought about world changing results. NASA Technical Standard 6002 and NASA Handbook 6003 for Direct Part Marking Data Matrix Symbols on Aerospace Parts have formed the basis for most other standards on part marking internationally. NASA and its commercial partners have developed numerous products and methods that addressed the difficulties of collecting part identification in aerospace operations. These products enabled the marking of Data Matrix symbols in virtually every situation and the reading of symbols at great distances, severe angles, under paint and in the dark without a light. Even unmarkable delicate parts now have a process to apply a chemical mixture called NanocodesTM that can be converted to a Data Matrix. The accompanying intellectual property is protected by 10 patents, several of which are licensed. Direct marking Data Matrix on NASA parts virtually eliminates data entry errors and the number of parts that go through their life cycle unmarked, two major threats to sound configuration management and flight safety. NASA is said to only have people and stuff with information connecting them. Data Matrix is one of the most significant improvements since Challenger to the safety and reliability of that connection. This presentation highlights the accomplishments of NASA in its efforts to develop technologies for automatic identification, its efforts to implement them and its vision on their role in space.

  10. Laser direct marking applied to rasterizing miniature Data Matrix Code on aluminum alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Xia-Shuang; He, Wei-Ping; Lei, Lei; Wang, Jian; Guo, Gai-Fang; Zhang, Teng-Yun; Yue, Ting

    2016-03-01

    Precise miniaturization of 2D Data Matrix (DM) Codes on Aluminum alloy formed by raster mode laser direct part marking is demonstrated. The characteristic edge over-burn effects, which render vector mode laser direct part marking inadequate for producing precise and readable miniature codes, are minimized with raster mode laser marking. To obtain the control mechanism for the contrast and print growth of miniature DM code by raster laser marking process, the temperature field model of long pulse laser interaction with material is established. From the experimental results, laser average power and Q frequency have an important effect on the contrast and print growth of miniature DM code, and the threshold of laser average power and Q frequency for an identifiable miniature DM code are respectively 3.6 W and 110 kHz, which matches the model well within normal operating conditions. In addition, the empirical model of correlation occurring between laser marking parameters and module size is also obtained, and the optimal processing parameter values for an identifiable miniature DM code of different but certain data size are given. It is also found that an increase of the repeat scanning number effectively improves the surface finish of bore, the appearance consistency of modules, which has benefit to reading. The reading quality of miniature DM code is greatly improved using ultrasonic cleaning in water by avoiding the interference of color speckles surrounding modules.

  11. Beginning the 21st century with advanced Automatic Parts Identification (API)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Fred; Roxby, Don

    1994-01-01

    Under the direction of the NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, the development and commercialization of an advanced Automated Parts Indentification (API) system is being undertaken by Rockwell International Corporation. The new API system is based on a variable sized, machine-readable, two-dimensioanl matrix symbol that can be applied directly onto most metallic and nonmetallic materials using safe, permanent marking methods. Its checkerboard-like structure is the most space efficient of all symbologies. This high data-density symbology can be applied to products of different material sizes and geometries using application-dependent, computer-driven marking devices. The high fidelity markings produced by these devices can then be captured using a specially designed camera linked to any IBM-compatible computer. Applications of compressed symbology technology will reduce costs and improve quality, productivity, and processes in a wide variety of federal and commercial applications.

  12. Marking airdromes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    James, P

    1922-01-01

    Necessity of adopting for all aviation fields, civil or military, a single system of markers for giving the direction for starting and landing (with an automatic indicator of the direction of the wind) and of indicating the good part of the field.

  13. 77 FR 36125 - Airworthiness Directives; SOCATA Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-18

    ... a serviceable bolt P/N 5101301111 and; (ii) Mark the landing gear with a green varnish line. (6... could have been caused by the installation of a bolt bearing incorrect Part Number (P/N) during overhaul of the NLG. Furthermore, the investigations led to identify the NLG part numbers identified by S/N...

  14. Distribution of Longitudinal Wave Velocities in Bovine Cortical Bone in vitro

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yamato, Yu; Kataoka, Hideo; Matsukawa, Mami; Yamazaki, Kaoru; Otani, Takahiko; Nagano, Akira

    2005-06-01

    The distribution of longitudinal wave velocities and longitudinal moduli in a bovine femoral cortical bone was experimentally investigated. In all parts of the long cylindrical bone, the velocities and longitudinal moduli in the axial direction were the highest. In the anterior (A) part, the velocities in the axial direction were high and almost constant, whereas the velocities in the proximal postero medial (PM) and distal postero lateral (PL) parts markedly decreased. Classifying the cortical bone into three structures (plexiform, Haversian, and porotic), we clarify the velocity distributions in the bone with discussion from an anatomical point of view.

  15. 76 FR 63156 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.27 Mark 050, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-12

    ... available in the AD docket shortly after receipt. List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39 Air transportation... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 39 [Docket No. FAA-2011...; and Model F.28 Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation...

  16. Failure to Launch: Obama's New Teen Initiative Can Be Fixed, and Here's How

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, William; Wagoner, James

    2009-01-01

    President Barack Obama has proposed an end to abstinence-only-until-marriage funding as Americans have known it for the better part of the last decade. This marks a significant change in direction, one that finally brings science and evidence back into government policy. His leadership on this new direction will be essential in the coming…

  17. Functional Roles of Acetylated Histone Marks at Mouse Meiotic Recombination Hot Spots

    PubMed Central

    Wu, Zhen; Fallahi, Mohammad; Ouizem, Souad; Liu, Qin; Li, Weimin; Costi, Roberta; Roush, William R.; Bois, Philippe R. J.

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACT Meiotic recombination initiates following the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the Spo11 endonuclease early in prophase I, at discrete regions in the genome coined “hot spots.” In mammals, meiotic DSB site selection is directed in part by sequence-specific binding of PRDM9, a polymorphic histone H3 (H3K4Me3) methyltransferase. However, other chromatin features needed for meiotic hot spot specification are largely unknown. Here we show that the recombinogenic cores of active hot spots in mice harbor several histone H3 and H4 acetylation and methylation marks that are typical of open, active chromatin. Further, deposition of these open chromatin-associated histone marks is dynamic and is manifest at spermatogonia and/or pre-leptotene-stage cells, which facilitates PRDM9 binding and access for Spo11 to direct the formation of DSBs, which are initiated at the leptotene stage. Importantly, manipulating histone acetylase and deacetylase activities established that histone acetylation marks are necessary for both hot spot activity and crossover resolution. We conclude that there are functional roles for histone acetylation marks at mammalian meiotic recombination hot spots. PMID:27821479

  18. 78 FR 53027 - Balloting Materials Postage

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-28

    ... Postal Service recognizes the potential for inconsistency when voters self-print ballots and use... supplementary notification specifically directed to voters who self-print and return ballots, such as: ``Please... verification to ensure compliance with the marking requirements. As part of the verification procedure, mailers...

  19. Variable Distance Angular Symbology Reader

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Harry F., Jr. (Inventor); Corder, Eric L. (Inventor)

    2006-01-01

    A variable distance angular symbology, reader utilizes at least one light source to direct light through a beam splitter and onto a target. A target may be angled relative to the impinging light beam up to and maybe even greater than 45deg. A reflected beam from the target passes through the beam splitter and is preferably directed 90deg relative to the light source through a telecentric lens to a scanner which records an image of the target such as a direct part marking code.

  20. Agonizing Poe

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kiskis, Michael J.

    2006-01-01

    This article discusses the author's experience of teaching Edgar Allan Poe as part of the American literature survey at Elmira College in Elmira, New York. While his specialty is Mark Twain, his students would be much happier if they could skip the colonial and national period, and move directly to studying Poe. In this article, the author…

  1. Redefining the Boundaries of Language Study. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kramsch, Claire, Ed.

    The papers in this volume fall into five categories. After "Introduction: Making the Invisible Visible" (Claire Kramsch), Part 1, "Theoretical Boundaries," includes "The Metamorphosis of the Foreign Language Director, or: Waking Up to Theory" (Mark Webber) and "Subjects-in-Process: Revisioning TA Development…

  2. 77 FR 14314 - Airworthiness Directives; SOCATA Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-09

    ... NLG with a serviceable bolt P/N 5101301111 and marking the landing gear with a green varnish line.../N) during overhaul of the NLG. Furthermore, the investigations led to identify the NLG part numbers identified by S/N which are potentially affected after repair or overhaul. This condition, if not detected...

  3. 14 CFR 45.16 - Marking of life-limited parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Marking of life-limited parts. 45.16 Section 45.16 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING Marking of Products and Articles § 45.16 Marking of life-limited parts...

  4. 14 CFR 45.16 - Marking of life-limited parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Marking of life-limited parts. 45.16 Section 45.16 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING Marking of Products and Articles § 45.16 Marking of life-limited parts...

  5. 14 CFR 45.16 - Marking of life-limited parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Marking of life-limited parts. 45.16 Section 45.16 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING Marking of Products and Articles § 45.16 Marking of life-limited parts...

  6. 14 CFR 45.16 - Marking of life-limited parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Marking of life-limited parts. 45.16... IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING Identification of Aircraft and Related Products § 45.16 Marking of life... chapter, the holder of a type certificate or design approval for a life-limited part must provide marking...

  7. 14 CFR 45.16 - Marking of life-limited parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Marking of life-limited parts. 45.16... IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING Marking of Products and Articles § 45.16 Marking of life-limited parts... comply with § 43.10 of this chapter, the holder of a type certificate or design approval for a life...

  8. 78 FR 36129 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France (Eurocopter) Model Helicopters

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-17

    ... ``X'' near the part number, or stripping and dye-penetrant inspecting the rework area for a crack and... describes a rework procedure for affected TGB control levers, which must be done within 660 flying hours and no later than June 30, 2011. Completion of the rework procedure is indicated by marking the control...

  9. Predicting complex syntactic structure in real time: Processing of negative sentences in Russian.

    PubMed

    Kazanina, Nina

    2017-11-01

    In Russian negative sentences the verb's direct object may appear either in the accusative case, which is licensed by the verb (as is common cross-linguistically), or in the genitive case, which is licensed by the negation (Russian-specific "genitive-of-negation" phenomenon). Such sentences were used to investigate whether case marking is employed for anticipating syntactic structure, and whether lexical heads other than the verb can be predicted on the basis of a case-marked noun phrase. Experiment 1, a completion task, confirmed that genitive-of-negation is part of Russian speakers' active grammatical repertoire. In Experiments 2 and 3, the genitive/accusative case manipulation on the preverbal object led to shorter reading times at the negation and verb in the genitive versus accusative condition. Furthermore, Experiment 3 manipulated linear order of the direct object and the negated verb in order to distinguish whether the abovementioned facilitatory effect was predictive or integrative in nature, and concluded that the parser actively predicts a verb and (otherwise optional) negation on the basis of a preceding genitive-marked object. Similarly to a head-final language, case-marking information on preverbal noun phrases (NPs) is used by the parser to enable incremental structure building in a free-word-order language such as Russian.

  10. 9 CFR 310.6 - Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Carcasses and parts passed for cooking... INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POST-MORTEM INSPECTION § 310.6 Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking. Carcasses and parts passed for cooking shall be marked conspicuously on the surface tissues thereof by a...

  11. 75 FR 27668 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-18

    ... cause of the MLG extension problem was the (partially) blocked hydraulic return line from the MLG selector valve by pieces of hard plastic. These were identified as parts of the poppet seat of PBSOV... problem was the (partially) blocked hydraulic return line from the MLG selector valve by pieces of hard...

  12. 75 FR 66649 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-29

    ... investigation revealed that the cause of the MLG extension problem was the (partially) blocked hydraulic return line from the MLG selector valve by pieces of hard plastic. These were identified as parts of the... extension problem was the (partially) blocked hydraulic return line from the MLG selector valve by pieces of...

  13. 48 CFR 52.247-26 - Government Direction and Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Government Direction and....247-26 Government Direction and Marking. As prescribed in 47.207-8(a)(3), insert the following clause... relocations are involved: Government Direction and Marking (APR 1984) The agency being relocated shall tag or...

  14. 48 CFR 52.247-26 - Government Direction and Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Government Direction and....247-26 Government Direction and Marking. As prescribed in 47.207-8(a)(3), insert the following clause... relocations are involved: Government Direction and Marking (APR 1984) The agency being relocated shall tag or...

  15. 9 CFR 327.14 - Marking of products and labeling of immediate containers thereof for importation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... markings as are necessary for compliance with part 316 of this subchapter. When such markings are imprints... imprints. In case the name of the country of origin appears as part of an official mark of the national...

  16. 49 CFR 15.13 - Marking SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Office of the Secretary of Transportation PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE SECURITY INFORMATION § 15.13 Marking... document. (b) Protective marking. The protective marking is: SENSITIVE SECURITY INFORMATION. (c... Sensitive Security Information that is controlled under 49 CFR parts 15 and 1520. No part of this record may...

  17. 49 CFR 15.13 - Marking SSI.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Office of the Secretary of Transportation PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE SECURITY INFORMATION § 15.13 Marking... document. (b) Protective marking. The protective marking is: SENSITIVE SECURITY INFORMATION. (c... Sensitive Security Information that is controlled under 49 CFR parts 15 and 1520. No part of this record may...

  18. 47 CFR 74.30 - Antenna structure, marking and lighting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Antenna structure, marking and lighting. 74.30... Applicable to All Services in Part 74 § 74.30 Antenna structure, marking and lighting. The provisions of part 17 of the FCC rules (Construction, Marking, and Lighting of Antenna Structures) require certain...

  19. 47 CFR 74.30 - Antenna structure, marking and lighting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Antenna structure, marking and lighting. 74.30... Applicable to All Services in Part 74 § 74.30 Antenna structure, marking and lighting. The provisions of part 17 of the FCC rules (Construction, Marking, and Lighting of Antenna Structures) require certain...

  20. 47 CFR 74.30 - Antenna structure, marking and lighting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Antenna structure, marking and lighting. 74.30... Applicable to All Services in Part 74 § 74.30 Antenna structure, marking and lighting. The provisions of part 17 of the FCC rules (Construction, Marking, and Lighting of Antenna Structures) require certain...

  1. 47 CFR 74.30 - Antenna structure, marking and lighting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Antenna structure, marking and lighting. 74.30... Applicable to All Services in Part 74 § 74.30 Antenna structure, marking and lighting. The provisions of part 17 of the FCC rules (Construction, Marking, and Lighting of Antenna Structures) require certain...

  2. 47 CFR 74.30 - Antenna structure, marking and lighting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Antenna structure, marking and lighting. 74.30... Applicable to All Services in Part 74 § 74.30 Antenna structure, marking and lighting. The provisions of part 17 of the FCC rules (Construction, Marking, and Lighting of Antenna Structures) require certain...

  3. Medical colleges admission test in Punjab, Pakistan.

    PubMed

    Khan, Junaid Sarfraz; Biggs, John S G; Bano, Tahira; Mukhtar, Osama; Tabasum, Saima; Mubasshar, Malik Hussain

    2013-01-01

    Nearly 18,000 candidates securing 60% and above marks in Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC) examination contest for admission in Medical Colleges, in Punjab, Pakistan by sitting in the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) each summer. This cross-sectional study was conducted to identify patterns related to demographic, economic and educational backgrounds, over a two-year-period, in this population, and how HSSC and MCAT marks predict future performance of the selected candidates. Marks obtained by candidates in HSSC, MCAT, and 1st Professional MBBS (Part-I) Examinations over two years 2008-2009, were analysed using parametric tests in SPSS. Total 18,090 candidates in 2008 and 18,486 in 2009 sat in the MCAT. National IHSSC candidates scored higher marks in HSSC and MCAT but lower marks than their foreign qualified HSSC counterparts (e.g., Advanced-levels from Cambridge University, UK) in Part-I overall and in all its subcomponents individually (p < 0.05). Female students scored higher marks than males in HSSC (p > 0.05). MCAT (p > 0.05) and Part-I theory, practical, viva voce, continuous assessment and Objective-Structured Performance Evaluation (OSPE) components (p < 0.05). In both years, students from the Dera Ghazi Khan District scored the highest marks in the HSSC Examinations (p < 0.05) but least marks in MCAT in 2008 (p < 0.05) and in Part-I in 2008 and 2009 (p < 0.05). Students from 'tougher' Boards like Rawalpindi in 2008 and the Federal Board in 2009 who scored least marks in HSSC scored highest marks in MCAT. and in Part-I Examinations (p < 0.05). Linear regression on Part-I by taking HSSC and MCAT marks as independent variables showed that the MCAT marks exerted the greatest positive influence consistently at 0.104 (2008) and 0.106 (2009). In 2009 HSSC marks were shown to exert a negative influence (-0.08) on Part-I. There is need to standardise HSSC education and examination across all Intermediate Boards. MCAT is a better predictor of Medical Students' future performance.

  4. 9 CFR 310.8 - Passing and marking of carcasses and parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Passing and marking of carcasses and parts. 310.8 Section 310.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POST-MORTEM INSPECTION § 310.8 Passing and marking of carcasses and parts...

  5. 14 CFR 45.15 - Marking requirements for PMA articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Marking requirements for PMA articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts. 45.15 Section 45.15 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION... Articles § 45.15 Marking requirements for PMA articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts. (a) PMA articles...

  6. 14 CFR 45.15 - Marking requirements for PMA articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Marking requirements for PMA articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts. 45.15 Section 45.15 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION... Articles § 45.15 Marking requirements for PMA articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts. (a) PMA articles...

  7. 14 CFR 45.15 - Marking requirements for PMA articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Marking requirements for PMA articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts. 45.15 Section 45.15 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION... Articles § 45.15 Marking requirements for PMA articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts. (a) PMA articles...

  8. 9 CFR 310.6 - Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking. 310.6 Section 310.6 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF.... Carcasses and parts passed for cooking shall be marked conspicuously on the surface tissues thereof by a...

  9. 9 CFR 310.6 - Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking. 310.6 Section 310.6 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF.... Carcasses and parts passed for cooking shall be marked conspicuously on the surface tissues thereof by a...

  10. 9 CFR 310.6 - Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking. 310.6 Section 310.6 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF.... Carcasses and parts passed for cooking shall be marked conspicuously on the surface tissues thereof by a...

  11. 9 CFR 310.6 - Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Carcasses and parts passed for cooking; marking. 310.6 Section 310.6 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF.... Carcasses and parts passed for cooking shall be marked conspicuously on the surface tissues thereof by a...

  12. Behavioural effects of directive cues on front-of-package nutrition information: the combination matters!

    PubMed

    Koenigstorfer, Joerg; Wąsowicz-Kiryło, Grażyna; Styśko-Kunkowska, Małgorzata; Groeppel-Klein, Andrea

    2014-09-01

    Nutrition information aims to reduce information asymmetries between manufacturers and consumers. To date, however, it remains unclear how nutrition information that is shown on the front of the packaging should be designed in order to increase both visual attention and the tendency to make healthful food choices. The present study aimed to address this gap in research. An experimental laboratory study applying mobile eye-tracking technology manipulated the presence of two directive cues, i.e. health marks and traffic light colour-coding, as part of front-of-package nutrition information on actual food packages. Participants wore mobile eye-tracking glasses during a simulated shopping trip. After the ostensible study had finished, they chose one snack (from an assortment of fifteen snacks) as a thank you for participation. All products were labelled with nutrition information according to the experimental condition. Consumers (n 160) who were mainly responsible for grocery shopping in their household participated in the study. The results showed that, in the absence of traffic light colouring, health marks reduced attention to the snack food packaging. This effect did not occur when the colouring was present. The combination of the two directive cues (v. presenting traffic light colours only) made consumers choose more healthful snacks, according to the nutrient profile. Public policy makers may recommend retailers and manufacturers implement consistent front-of-pack nutrition labelling that contains both health marks and traffic light colouring as directive cues. The combination of the cues may increase the likelihood of healthful decision making.

  13. 9 CFR 310.5 - Condemned carcasses and parts to be so marked; tanking; separation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Condemned carcasses and parts to be so marked; tanking; separation. 310.5 Section 310.5 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION... marked shall be placed immediately in trucks or receptacles which shall be kept plainly marked “U.S...

  14. The Acquisition of Differential Object Marking in L2 Spanish Learners

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martoccio, Alyssa Marie

    2012-01-01

    This dissertation tests a grammatical structure, differential object marking (DOM), which is particularly difficult for L2 learners to acquire. DOM is a phenomenon in which some direct objects are morphologically marked to distinguish them from subjects (Comrie, 1979). In Spanish, animate and specific direct objects are marked with the preposition…

  15. Virtual tool mark generation for efficient striation analysis in forensic science

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ekstrand, Laura

    In 2009, a National Academy of Sciences report called for investigation into the scienti c basis behind tool mark comparisons (National Academy of Sciences, 2009). Answering this call, Chumbley et al. (2010) attempted to prove or disprove the hypothesis that tool marks are unique to a single tool. They developed a statistical algorithm that could, in most cases, discern matching and non-matching tool marks made at di erent angles by sequentially numbered screwdriver tips. Moreover, in the cases where the algorithm misinterpreted a pair of marks, an experienced forensics examiner could discern the correct outcome. While this research served tomore » con rm the basic assumptions behind tool mark analysis, it also suggested that statistical analysis software could help to reduce the examiner's workload. This led to a new tool mark analysis approach, introduced in this thesis, that relies on 3D scans of screwdriver tip and marked plate surfaces at the micrometer scale from an optical microscope. These scans are carefully cleaned to remove noise from the data acquisition process and assigned a coordinate system that mathematically de nes angles and twists in a natural way. The marking process is then simulated by using a 3D graphics software package to impart rotations to the tip and take the projection of the tip's geometry in the direction of tool travel. The edge of this projection, retrieved from the 3D graphics software, becomes a virtual tool mark. Using this method, virtual marks are made at increments of 5 and compared to a scan of the evidence mark. The previously developed statistical package from Chumbley et al. (2010) performs the comparison, comparing the similarity of the geometry of both marks to the similarity that would occur due to random chance. The resulting statistical measure of the likelihood of the match informs the examiner of the angle of the best matching virtual mark, allowing the examiner to focus his/her mark analysis on a smaller range of angles. Preliminary results are quite promising. In a study with both sides of 6 screwdriver tips and 34 corresponding marks, the method distinguished known matches from known non-matches with zero false positive matches and only two matches mistaken for non-matches. For matches, it could predict the correct marking angle within 5-10 . Moreover, on a standard desktop computer, the virtual marking software is capable of cleaning 3D tip and plate scans in minutes and producing a virtual mark and comparing it to a real mark in seconds. These results support several of the professional conclusions of the tool mark analysis com- munity, including the idea that marks produced by the same tool only match if they are made at similar angles. The method also displays the potential to automate part of the comparison process, freeing the examiner to focus on other tasks, which is important in busy, backlogged crime labs. Finally, the method o ers the unique chance to directly link an evidence mark to the tool that produced it while reducing potential damage to the evidence.« less

  16. Benefit from NASA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1995-01-01

    Digital data matrix, used to identify the millions of Space Shuttle parts, is being commercialized to make barcoding tamper resistant and invisible to the naked eye. These codes are applied directly to the product regardless of shape, size or color. The markings can range from as small as four microns to as large as two square feet. Using the Vericode Symbol which include such details as the manufacturer, serial numbers, the lot number of the parent material, design changes, special processing to which the part was subjected-everything needed to determine accurately and automatically, the extent of the recall needed, which might be a couple of hundred cars instead of tens of thousands.

  17. 9 CFR 316.12 - Marking of equine carcasses and parts thereof.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Marking of equine carcasses and parts thereof. 316.12 Section 316.12 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... equine carcasses and parts thereof. (a) All inspected and passed equine carcasses and parts thereof...

  18. 49 CFR 543.2 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... OF TRANSPORTATION EXEMPTION FROM VEHICLE THEFT PREVENTION STANDARD § 543.2 Purpose. The purpose of... passenger motor vehicles to obtain an exemption from the parts-marking requirements of the vehicle theft... motor vehicle theft as compliance with the parts-marking requirements. This part also provides the...

  19. 76 FR 50111 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-12

    ... Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Airplanes AGENCY: Federal... Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 airplanes, certificated in any category, all...

  20. 49 CFR 543.9 - Terminating or modifying an exemption.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EXEMPTION FROM VEHICLE THEFT PREVENTION... compliance with the parts-marking requirements of part 541 in reducing and deterring motor vehicle theft... exemption has not been as effective as parts-marking in reducing and deterring motor vehicle theft. (2...

  1. Transportation-markings database : traffic control devices. Part I 2, Volume 3, additional studies

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1998-01-01

    The Database (Part I 1, 2, 3, 4) of transportation-markings: a study in communication monograph series draws together the several varios dimensions of T-M. it shares this drawing togther function with the General Classification (Part H). But, paradox...

  2. Transportation-markings database : aeronautical navigation aids. Part I 4, Volume 3, additional studies

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2001-01-01

    The Database (Parts I 1, 2, 3, 4 of TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS: A STUDY IN COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPH SERIES) draws together the several dimensions of T-M. It shares this drawmg together function with the General Classification (Part H). But, paradoxically...

  3. Character-marked furniture: potential for lumber yield increase in rip-first rough mills

    Treesearch

    Urs Buehlmann; Janice K. Wiedenbeck; D. Earl Kline; D. Earl Kline

    1998-01-01

    The inclusion of character marks in furniture parts increases part yield at least as much as previously estimated by industrial practitioners and scientists specializing in yield efficiency. However, character-marked furniture is uncommon in the more popular North American furniture species and designs. Opportunities for extending the hardwood resource associated with...

  4. Character-marked furniture: potential for lumber yield increase in crosscut-first rough mills

    Treesearch

    Urs Buehlmann; Janice K. Wiedenbeck; E. Earl Kline; E. Earl Kline

    1999-01-01

    Including character marks in dimension parts of the furniture, cabinet, and dimension industries offers an opportunity to increase lumber yield substantially. However, little quantitative knowledge exists as to how the incorporation of character marks in parts influences yield when processing lumber in a crosscut-first rough mill. Using computer simulation, this study...

  5. Self-recognition in pigeons revisited.

    PubMed

    Uchino, Emiko; Watanabe, Shigeru

    2014-11-01

    Recognition of a self-image in a mirror is investigated using the mark test during which a mark is placed onto a point on the body that is not directly visible, and the presence or absence of self-directed behaviors is evaluated for the mirror-observing subjects. Great apes, dolphins, possibly elephants, and magpies have all passed the mark test, that is, displayed self-directed behaviors, whereas monkeys, crows, and other animals have failed the test even though they were able to use a mirror to find a not-directly-visible object. Self-directed behavior and mirror use are prerequisites of a successful mark test, and the absence of these behaviors may lead to false negative results. Epstein, Lanza, and Skinner (1981) reported self-directed behavior of pigeons in front of a mirror after explicit training of self-directed pecking and of pecking an object with the aid of a mirror, but certain other researchers could not confirm the results. The aim of the present study was to conduct the mark test with two pigeons that had received extensive training of the prerequisite behaviors. Crucial points of the training were identical topography (pecking) and the same reinforcement (food) in the prerequisite behaviors as well as sufficient training of these behaviors. After training for the prerequisite behaviors, both pigeons spontaneously integrated the learned self-directed and mirror-use behavior and displayed self-directed behavior in a mark test. This indicates that pigeons display mirror self-recognition after training of suitable ontogenetic contingency. © Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

  6. Transportation-markings database : international marine aids to navigation. Volume 1, parts C and D

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1988-01-01

    This monograph is the second edition of Volume I, Parts C and D of what was formerly termed Transportation Markings: A Study in Communication. The first edition of Volume I also included Parts A and B. The original edition was published by University...

  7. 48 CFR 1852.245-74 - Identification and marking of Government equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Technical Handbook (NASA-HDBK) 6003, Application of Data Matrix Identification Symbols to Aerospace Parts... Identification Symbols on Aerospace Parts or through the use of commercial marking techniques that: (1) are...

  8. 48 CFR 1852.245-74 - Identification and marking of Government equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Technical Handbook (NASA-HDBK) 6003, Application of Data Matrix Identification Symbols to Aerospace Parts... Identification Symbols on Aerospace Parts or through the use of commercial marking techniques that: (1) are...

  9. 48 CFR 1852.245-74 - Identification and marking of Government equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Technical Handbook (NASA-HDBK) 6003, Application of Data Matrix Identification Symbols to Aerospace Parts... Identification Symbols on Aerospace Parts or through the use of commercial marking techniques that: (1) are...

  10. 48 CFR 1852.245-74 - Identification and marking of Government equipment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Technical Handbook (NASA-HDBK) 6003, Application of Data Matrix Identification Symbols to Aerospace Parts... Identification Symbols on Aerospace Parts or through the use of commercial marking techniques that: (1) are...

  11. Effect of Gaze and Auditory Stimulation on Body Sway Direction during Standing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Suzuki, Takayuki; Ueno, Akinori; Hoshino, Hiroshi; Fukuoka, Yutaka

    Previous studies have reported gaze influences on body sway direction in response to neck-dorsal-muscles stimulation (NS). In this study, we analyzed effects of gaze and auditory stimulation using tibialis anterior stimulation (TAS), gastrocnemius stimulation (GAS) or NS. From 21 subjects, the centre of pressure was measured and then the body sway direction during the stimulation was calculated. Each subject performed two trials in each of six gaze orientations. Nine subjects whose sway direction was markedly changed by the stimulation performed additional four trials. A comparison of the influences induced by the three methods revealed no statistical difference between NS and TAS. Three out of the nine subjects and another four took part in the auditory experiment. The three subjects showed significant changes in the sway direction. These results suggest that inconsistency among the sensory inputs around head plays only a minor role for reorienting the direction of postural sway and that a higher brain function is possibly involved in the mechanism for the sway direction change.

  12. Fabrication and Characterization of Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals Generated by Multibeam Interference Lithography

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-01-01

    and J. A. Lewis, "Microperiodic structures - Direct writing of three-dimensional webs ," Nature, vol. 428, pp. 386-386, 2004. [9] M. Campbell, D. N...of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers Brief Communications & Review Papers , vol. 44, pp. 6355-6367, 2005. [75] P. Cloetens, W. Ludwig, J... paper screen on the sample holder and marking the beam position. If the central beam is properly aligned, the spot on the screen remains at the

  13. 46 CFR 185.602 - Hull markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hull markings. 185.602 Section 185.602 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) OPERATIONS Markings Required § 185.602 Hull markings. (a) Each vessel must be marked as required by part 67...

  14. Are horses capable of mirror self-recognition? A pilot study.

    PubMed

    Baragli, Paolo; Demuru, Elisa; Scopa, Chiara; Palagi, Elisabetta

    2017-01-01

    Mirror Self-Recognition (MSR) unveils complex cognitive, social and emotional skills and it has been found only in humans and few other species, such as great apes, dolphins, elephants and magpies. In this pilot study, we tested if horses show the capacity of MSR. Four subjects living socially under naturalistic conditions were selected for the experiment. We adopted the classical mark test, which consists in placing a coloured mark on an out-of-view body part, visible only through mirror inspection. If the animal considers the image as its own, it will use its reflection to detect the mark and will try to explore it. We enhanced the classical paradigm by introducing a double-check control. Only in the presence of the reflecting surface, animals performed tactile and olfactory exploration of the mirror and looked behind it. These behaviors suggest that subjects were trying to associate multiple sensory cues (visual, tactile and olfactory) to the image in the mirror. The lack of correspondence between the collected stimuli in front of the mirror and the response to the colored mark lead us to affirm that horses are able to perceive that the reflected image is incongruent when compared with the memorized information of a real horse. However, without replication of data, the self-directed behavior towards the colored marks showed by our horses cannot be sufficient per se to affirm that horses are capable of self-recognition.

  15. 21 CFR 801.45 - Devices that must be directly marked with a unique device identifier.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Devices that must be directly marked with a unique device identifier. 801.45 Section 801.45 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... previously marked under paragraph (a) of this section. (e) Exception to be noted in design history file. A...

  16. 27 CFR 19.484 - Marks on packages filled in production or storage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... in production or storage. 19.484 Section 19.484 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... Marks Marking Requirements for Spirits § 19.484 Marks on packages filled in production or storage. (a) Packages filled in production or storage. Except as otherwise provided in this part, a proprietor must mark...

  17. 27 CFR 19.484 - Marks on packages filled in production or storage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... in production or storage. 19.484 Section 19.484 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... Marks Marking Requirements for Spirits § 19.484 Marks on packages filled in production or storage. (a) Packages filled in production or storage. Except as otherwise provided in this part, a proprietor must mark...

  18. 27 CFR 19.484 - Marks on packages filled in production or storage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... in production or storage. 19.484 Section 19.484 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... Marks Marking Requirements for Spirits § 19.484 Marks on packages filled in production or storage. (a) Packages filled in production or storage. Except as otherwise provided in this part, a proprietor must mark...

  19. 27 CFR 19.484 - Marks on packages filled in production or storage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... in production or storage. 19.484 Section 19.484 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND... Marks Marking Requirements for Spirits § 19.484 Marks on packages filled in production or storage. (a) Packages filled in production or storage. Except as otherwise provided in this part, a proprietor must mark...

  20. 27 CFR 28.103 - Export marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.103... Manufacturing Bonded Warehouse § 28.103 Export marks. (a) General. In addition to the marks and brands required... provisions of part 19 of this chapter, the proprietor shall mark the word “Export” on the Government side of...

  1. 27 CFR 28.154 - Export marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.154..., for Exportation or Transfer to a Foreign-Trade Zone § 28.154 Export marks. In addition to the marks... provisions of part 19 of this chapter, the proprietor shall mark the word “Export” on the Government side of...

  2. 46 CFR 97.40-5 - Hull markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hull markings. 97.40-5 Section 97.40-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 97.40-5 Hull markings. Vessels shall be marked as required by parts 67 and 69 of this...

  3. 46 CFR 196.40-5 - Hull markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hull markings. 196.40-5 Section 196.40-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 196.40-5 Hull markings. Vessels shall be marked as required by parts 67 and 69 of this chapter...

  4. 46 CFR 78.50-5 - Hull markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hull markings. 78.50-5 Section 78.50-5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 78.50-5 Hull markings. Vessels shall be marked as required by parts 67 and 69 of this chapter. [CGD 72...

  5. 32 CFR Appendix C to Part 290 - For Official Use Only

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false For Official Use Only C Appendix C to Part 290.... 290, App. C Appendix C to Part 290—For Official Use Only (a) General. Information that has not been... 22161. (c) Markings. (1) Location of Markings. (i) An unclassified document containing FOUO information...

  6. Dimensional coordinate measurements: application in characterizing cervical spine motion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zheng, Weilong; Li, Linan; Wang, Shibin; Wang, Zhiyong; Shi, Nianke; Xue, Yuan

    2014-06-01

    Cervical spine as a complicated part in the human body, the form of its movement is diverse. The movements of the segments of vertebrae are three-dimensional, and it is reflected in the changes of the angle between two joint and the displacement in different directions. Under normal conditions, cervical can flex, extend, lateral flex and rotate. For there is no relative motion between measuring marks fixed on one segment of cervical vertebra, the cervical vertebrae with three marked points can be seen as a body. Body's motion in space can be decomposed into translational movement and rotational movement around a base point .This study concerns the calculation of dimensional coordinate of the marked points pasted to the human body's cervical spine by an optical method. Afterward, these measures will allow the calculation of motion parameters for every spine segment. For this study, we choose a three-dimensional measurement method based on binocular stereo vision. The object with marked points is placed in front of the CCD camera. Through each shot, we will get there two parallax images taken from different cameras. According to the principle of binocular vision we can be realized three-dimensional measurements. Cameras are erected parallelly. This paper describes the layout of experimental system and a mathematical model to get the coordinates.

  7. Benefit from NASA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2004-01-08

    Research at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has resulted in a system for reading hidden identification codes using a hand-held magnetic scanner. It's an invention that could help businesses improve inventory management, enhance safety, improve security, and aid in recall efforts if defects are discovered. Two-dimensional Data Matrix symbols consisting of letters and numbers permanently etched on items for identification and resembling a small checkerboard pattern are more efficient and reliable than traditional bar codes, and can store up to 100 times more information. A team led by Fred Schramm of the Marshall Center's Technology Transfer Department, in partnership with PRI,Torrance, California, has developed a hand-held device that can read this special type of coded symbols, even if covered by up to six layers of paint. Before this new technology was available, matrix symbols were read with optical scanners, and only if the codes were visible. This latest improvement in digital Data Matrix technologies offers greater flexibility for businesses and industries already using the marking system. Paint, inks, and pastes containing magnetic properties are applied in matrix symbol patterns to objects with two-dimensional codes, and the codes are read by a magnetic scanner, even after being covered with paint or other coatings. The ability to read hidden matrix symbols promises a wide range of benefits in a number of fields, including airlines, electronics, healthcare, and the automotive industry. Many industries would like to hide information on a part, so it can be read only by the party who put it there. For instance, the automotive industry uses direct parts marking for inventory control, but for aesthetic purposes the marks often need to be invisible. Symbols have been applied to a variety of materials, including metal, plastic, glass, paper, fabric and foam, on everything from electronic parts to pharmaceuticals to livestock. The portability of the hand-held scanner makes work faster and easier. It reads marks in darkness, under bright light that might interfere with optical reading of visible marks, and can detect symbols obscured by discoloration or contamination. Through a license with NASA, another partner, Robotic Vision Systems, Inc., of Nashua, New Hampshire, will sell the scanner on the commercial market. NASA continues to seek additional companies to license the product. Joint efforts by Marshall researchers and industry partners are aimed at improving dentification technology as part of NASA's program to better life on Earth through technology designed for the space program. In this photo, Don Roxby, Robotic Vision Systems, Inc., (left)demonstrates the magnetic handheld scanner for Fred Schramm, (Right) MSFC Technology Transfer Department.

  8. Menin regulates Inhbb expression through an Akt/Ezh2-mediated H3K27 histone modification.

    PubMed

    Gherardi, Samuele; Ripoche, Doriane; Mikaelian, Ivan; Chanal, Marie; Teinturier, Romain; Goehrig, Delphine; Cordier-Bussat, Martine; Zhang, Chang X; Hennino, Ana; Bertolino, Philippe

    2017-04-01

    Although Men1 is a well-known tumour suppressor gene, little is known about the functions of Menin, the protein it encodes for. Since few years, numerous publications support a major role of Menin in the control of epigenetics gene regulation. While Menin interaction with MLL complex favours transcriptional activation of target genes through H3K4me3 marks, Menin also represses gene expression via mechanisms involving the Polycomb repressing complex (PRC). Interestingly, Ezh2, the PRC-methyltransferase that catalyses H3K27me3 repressive marks and Menin have been shown to co-occupy a large number of promoters. However, lack of binding between Menin and Ezh2 suggests that another member of the PRC complex is mediating this indirect interaction. Having found that ActivinB - a TGFβ superfamily member encoded by the Inhbb gene - is upregulated in insulinoma tumours caused by Men1 invalidation, we hypothesize that Menin could directly participate in the epigenetic-repression of Inhbb gene expression. Using Animal model and cell lines, we report that loss of Menin is directly associated with ActivinB-induced expression both in vivo and in vitro. Our work further reveals that ActivinB expression is mediated through a direct modulation of H3K27me3 marks on the Inhbb locus in Menin-KO cell lines. More importantly, we show that Menin binds on the promoter of Inhbb gene where it favours the recruitment of Ezh2 via an indirect mechanism involving Akt-phosphorylation. Our data suggests therefore that Menin could take an important part to the Ezh2-epigenetic repressive landscape in many cells and tissues through its capacity to modulate Akt phosphorylation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Instruments for Reading Direct-Marked Data-Matrix Symbols

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Harry F.; Corder, Eric L.

    2006-01-01

    Improved optoelectronic instruments (specially configured digital cameras) for reading direct-marked data-matrix symbols on the surfaces of optically reflective objects (including specularly reflective ones) are undergoing development. Data-matrix symbols are two-dimensional binary patterns that are used, like common bar codes, for automated identification of objects. The first data-matrix symbols were checkerboard-like patterns of black-and-white rectangles, typically existing in the forms of paint, ink, or detachable labels. The major advantage of direct marking (the marks are more durable than are painted or printed symbols or detachable labels) is offset by a major disadvantage (the marks generated by some marking methods do not provide sufficient contrast to be readable by optoelectronic instruments designed to read black-and-white data-matrix symbols). Heretofore, elaborate lighting, lensing, and software schemes have been tried in efforts to solve the contrast problem in direct-mark matrix- symbol readers. In comparison with prior readers based on those schemes, the readers now undergoing development are expected to be more effective while costing less. All of the prior direct-mark matrix-symbol readers are designed to be aimed perpendicularly to marked target surfaces, and they tolerate very little angular offset. However, the reader now undergoing development not only tolerates angular offset but depends on angular offset as a means of obtaining the needed contrast, as described below. The prototype reader (see Figure 1) includes an electronic camera in the form of a charge-coupled-device (CCD) image detector equipped with a telecentric lens. It also includes a source of collimated visible light and a source of collimated infrared light for illuminating a target. The visible and infrared illumination complement each other: the visible illumination is more useful for aiming the reader toward a target, while the infrared illumination is more useful for reading symbols on highly reflective surfaces. By use of beam splitters, the visible and infrared collimated lights are introduced along the optical path of the telecentric lens, so that the target is illuminated and viewed from the same direction.

  10. IsoMark - a comprehensive assessment of the potential of isotopes in hard parts of freshwater fish to determine origin and migratory patterns using LA-(MC)-ICP-MS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zitek, Andreas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Sturm, Monika; Brunner, Marion; Dillinger, Benno; Prohaska, Thomas

    2010-05-01

    The ‘IsoMark' project focuses for the first time on the comprehensive investigation of microchemical information (elemental fingerprint of Ca, Sr, Na, Ba, Mg; isotopic fingerprint of Sr, Ca, and additionally of C and O) in different hard parts of several typical European freshwater fish species like brown trout (Salmo trutta f.f., L.), European grayling (Thymallus thymallus, L.) or nase (Chondrostoma nasus, L.) and the barbel (Barbus barbus, L.). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is used as major technique for the direct in situ analysis of trace elements and isotopes, whereby the employment of a multiple collector - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) enables high precise isotope ratio analysis of such sample matrices due to its simultaneous detection capabilities. Microchemical patterns in hard parts of farmed and wild fish are analysed resulting in natural site specific elemental and isotopic signatures. Within a pilot study the potential to discriminate between wild and hatchery trout by chronological microchemical patterns of different otolith regions in relation to site specific water chemistry was documented. 100% accuracy of classification of fish to life stage specific habitats and therefore to their origin was achieved by the elemental ratios 88Sr/43Ca, 23Na/43Ca and the isotope ratio of 87Sr/86Sr. Clear differences in otolith chemistry were found, when fish experienced different geological units or specific environmental situations (e.g. groundwater) in hatcheries during a certain period of their life. These results proved the concept that natural microchemical patterns in hard parts linked to specific life stages of fish represent a valuable tool for a wide variety of ecological questions, e.g. discriminating wild and hatchery fish without the necessity of inducing any other artificial mark, or studying natural migration phenomena on small spatial scales in freshwater systems within geologically diverse river catchments.

  11. 37 CFR 2.52 - Types of drawings and format for drawings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... must submit a standard character drawing that shows the mark in black on a white background. An... drawing should show the mark in black on a white background, unless the mark includes color. (1) Marks... lines to show any other matter not claimed as part of the mark. For any drawing using broken lines to...

  12. 37 CFR 2.52 - Types of drawings and format for drawings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... must submit a standard character drawing that shows the mark in black on a white background. An... drawing should show the mark in black on a white background, unless the mark includes color. (1) Marks... lines to show any other matter not claimed as part of the mark. For any drawing using broken lines to...

  13. 37 CFR 2.52 - Types of drawings and format for drawings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... must submit a standard character drawing that shows the mark in black on a white background. An... drawing should show the mark in black on a white background, unless the mark includes color. (1) Marks... lines to show any other matter not claimed as part of the mark. For any drawing using broken lines to...

  14. 37 CFR 2.52 - Types of drawings and format for drawings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... must submit a standard character drawing that shows the mark in black on a white background. An... drawing should show the mark in black on a white background, unless the mark includes color. (1) Marks... lines to show any other matter not claimed as part of the mark. For any drawing using broken lines to...

  15. 27 CFR 28.123 - Export marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.123..., or Transportation to a Manufacturing Bonded Warehouse § 28.123 Export marks. (a) General. In addition... filled under the provisions of part 24 of this chapter, the proprietor shall mark the word “Export” on...

  16. 46 CFR 122.602 - Hull markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hull markings. 122.602 Section 122.602 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150....602 Hull markings. (a) Each vessel must be marked as required by part 67, subpart I, of this chapter...

  17. Experimental Evidence for the Role of Intonation in Evidential Marking.

    PubMed

    Vanrell, Maria Del Mar; Armstrong, Meghan E; Prieto, Pilar

    2017-06-01

    This paper investigates the role of intonation in the marking of directly-perceived information in Majorcan Catalan polar questions. We conducted a perception experiment in which a total of 72 participants were introduced to a set of twins who were exposed to different types of evidence for a given p(roposition). One twin inferred p based on direct sensory information (via one of the five senses), while the other had been told that p by a third party, that is, reported information. Participants listened to a set of discourse contexts that ended in critical stimuli with three attested combinations of particle/intonation in this variety of Catalan: (1) polar questions produced with a falling nuclear contour ¡H+L* L%; (2) polar questions headed with the particle que 'that' produced with ¡H+L* L%; and (3) polar questions headed with the particle que and produced with a rise-fall L+H* L%. After hearing the stimulus, participants had to decide which of the twins had uttered the question-the one who inferred a proposition ( p) based on direct sensory information or the one who had been told p by a third party. The results show that listeners very consistently associate the que + L+H* L% combination with inferences drawn from direct sensory evidence as opposed to reported evidence. This shows that particles may work in tandem with intonation to convey the information source. Importantly, we show that intonation is a part of grammar that may be recruited for evidential strategies.

  18. Reading Through Paint

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2004-01-01

    Two-dimensional data matrix symbols, which contain encoded letters and numbers, are permanently etched on items for identification. They can store up to 100 times more information than traditional bar codes. While the symbols provide several advantages over bar codes, once they are covered by paint they can no longer be read by optical scanners. Since most products are painted eventually, this presents a problem for industries relying on the symbols for identification and tracking. In 1987, NASA s Marshall Space Flight Center began studying direct parts marking with matrix symbols in order to track millions of Space Shuttle parts. Advances in the technology proved that by incorporating magnetic properties into the paints, inks, and pastes used to apply the matrix symbols, the codes could be read by a magnetic scanner even after being covered with paint or other coatings. NASA received a patent for such a scanner in 1998, but the system it used for development was not portable and was too costly. A prototype was needed as a lead-in to a production model. In the summer of 2000, NASA began seeking companies to build a hand-held scanner that would detect the Read Through Paint data matrix identification marks containing magnetic materials through coatings.

  19. Are horses capable of mirror self-recognition? A pilot study

    PubMed Central

    Demuru, Elisa; Scopa, Chiara; Palagi, Elisabetta

    2017-01-01

    Mirror Self-Recognition (MSR) unveils complex cognitive, social and emotional skills and it has been found only in humans and few other species, such as great apes, dolphins, elephants and magpies. In this pilot study, we tested if horses show the capacity of MSR. Four subjects living socially under naturalistic conditions were selected for the experiment. We adopted the classical mark test, which consists in placing a coloured mark on an out-of-view body part, visible only through mirror inspection. If the animal considers the image as its own, it will use its reflection to detect the mark and will try to explore it. We enhanced the classical paradigm by introducing a double-check control. Only in the presence of the reflecting surface, animals performed tactile and olfactory exploration of the mirror and looked behind it. These behaviors suggest that subjects were trying to associate multiple sensory cues (visual, tactile and olfactory) to the image in the mirror. The lack of correspondence between the collected stimuli in front of the mirror and the response to the colored mark lead us to affirm that horses are able to perceive that the reflected image is incongruent when compared with the memorized information of a real horse. However, without replication of data, the self-directed behavior towards the colored marks showed by our horses cannot be sufficient per se to affirm that horses are capable of self-recognition. PMID:28510577

  20. 14 CFR 45.15 - Replacement and modification parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Replacement and modification parts. 45.15 Section 45.15 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING Marking of Products and Articles § 45.15 Replacement and modification...

  1. Spectral features of the Stokes part of supercontinuum generated by femtosecond light pulses in selected oxide crystals: A comparative study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Macalik, B.; Kowalski, R. M.; Ryba-Romanowski, W.

    2018-04-01

    The peculiarities of the Stokes part of supercontinuum (SC) generated by femtosecond light pulses at wavelength 800 nm in single crystals of Gd2SiO5(GSO), Ca4GdO(BO3)3(GCOB), Gd3Ga5O12(GGG), LiTaO3 (LTO) and LuVO4 (LVO) were investigated. Spectral bandwidth and intensity of SC were measured as a function of energy of incident 100 fs pulses employing a grating spectrograph coupled with an InGaAs detector and spatial characteristics of the beam inside crystal samples were monitored perpendicularly to the direction of propagation and recorded using an optical microscope coupled with a camera. It was found that spectral widths of the Stokes part of SC increase markedly with increasing energy of incident pulses for all crystals under study. For fixed focusing conditions the spectral widths of generated SC in GSO, GCOB and GGG wide band-gap crystals are relatively large with cut-off wavelengths close to 1500 nm. Bandwidths of SC generated in LVO and LTO crystals, characterized by band-gaps Eg inferior to three times incident photon energy, are markedly smaller with cut-off wavelengths of 1300 nm and 1150 nm, respectively. Increase of incident pulse energy affects SC spectra giving rise to plateau-like regions stretching to ca 1000 nm.

  2. Spelling Endings Added to e: Level III, Unit 5, Lesson 1; Capitalization: Lesson 2; Question Marks and Exclamation Points: Lesson 3; Quotation Marks: Lesson 4; Spelling Double Letter Demons: Lesson 5; Colons and Dashes: Lesson 6; Punctuating Series with Commas and Semicolons: Lesson 7; More Confusing Word Pairs: Lesson 8; Separating Sentence Parts with Punctuation: Lesson 9; Other Uses for Commas and Semicolons.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC. Job Corps.

    This self-study program for the high-school level contains lessons in the following subjects: Spelling Endings Added to e; Capitalization; Question Marks and Exclamation Points; Quotation Marks; Spelling Double Letter Demons; Colons and Dashes; Punctuating Series with Commas and Semicolons; More Confusing Word Pairs; Separating Sentence Parts with…

  3. Laser marking as a result of applying reverse engineering

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mihalache, Andrei; Nagîţ, Gheorghe; Rîpanu, Marius Ionuţ; Slǎtineanu, Laurenţiu; Dodun, Oana; Coteaţǎ, Margareta

    2018-05-01

    The elaboration of a modern manufacturing technology needs a certain quantum of information concerning the part to be obtained. When it is necessary to elaborate the technology for an existing object, such an information could be ensured by using the principles specific to the reverse engineering. Essentially, in the case of this method, the analysis of the surfaces and of other characteristics of the part must offer enough information for the elaboration of the part manufacturing technology. On the other hand, it is known that the laser marking is a processing method able to ensure the transfer of various inscriptions or drawings on a part. Sometimes, the laser marking could be based on the analysis of an existing object, whose image could be used to generate the same object or an improved object. There are many groups of factors able to affect the results of applying the laser marking process. A theoretical analysis was proposed to show that the heights of triangles obtained by means of a CNC marking equipment depend on the width of the line generated by the laser spot on the workpiece surface. An experimental research was thought and materialized to highlight the influence exerted by the line with and the angle of lines intersections on the accuracy of the marking process. By mathematical processing of the experimental results, empirical mathematical models were determined. The power type model and the graphical representation elaborated on the base of this model offered an image concerning the influences exerted by the considered input factors on the marking process accuracy.

  4. 75 FR 29812 - Petition for Exemption From the Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Volkswagen

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-27

    ... in reducing and deterring motor vehicle theft as compliance with the parts marking requirements of... assemblies in motor vehicles related to performance. Volkswagen stated that it believes the immobilizer... deterring motor vehicle theft as compliance with the parts-marking requirements of the Theft Prevention...

  5. 19 CFR 134.45 - Approved markings of country name.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... this section, the markings required by this part shall include the full English name of the country of origin, unless another marking to indicate the English name of the country of origin is specifically authorized by the Commissioner of Customs. Notice of acceptable markings other than the full English name of...

  6. 9 CFR 316.9 - Products to be marked with official marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... marks. 316.9 Section 316.9 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... liver, beef tongue, and beef heart which has been inspected and passed shall be marked with the official... round, flank, loin, rib, plate, brisket, chuck, and shank are primal parts of beef carcasses. Veal...

  7. 9 CFR 316.9 - Products to be marked with official marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... marks. 316.9 Section 316.9 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... liver, beef tongue, and beef heart which has been inspected and passed shall be marked with the official... round, flank, loin, rib, plate, brisket, chuck, and shank are primal parts of beef carcasses. Veal...

  8. 9 CFR 316.9 - Products to be marked with official marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... marks. 316.9 Section 316.9 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... liver, beef tongue, and beef heart which has been inspected and passed shall be marked with the official... round, flank, loin, rib, plate, brisket, chuck, and shank are primal parts of beef carcasses. Veal...

  9. 9 CFR 316.9 - Products to be marked with official marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... marks. 316.9 Section 316.9 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... liver, beef tongue, and beef heart which has been inspected and passed shall be marked with the official... round, flank, loin, rib, plate, brisket, chuck, and shank are primal parts of beef carcasses. Veal...

  10. 9 CFR 316.9 - Products to be marked with official marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... marks. 316.9 Section 316.9 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... liver, beef tongue, and beef heart which has been inspected and passed shall be marked with the official... round, flank, loin, rib, plate, brisket, chuck, and shank are primal parts of beef carcasses. Veal...

  11. The nature of albedo features on Mercury, with maps for the telescopic observer. Part II: The nature of the albedo markings

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Graham, D. L.

    1995-04-01

    Part One of this paper (J. Brit. Astron. Assoc., 105(1), 1995) reviewed the classical telescopic observations of albedo markings on Mercury and reproduced the definitive albedo map to assist visual observers of the planet. In Part Two, an investigation into the relationship between albedo and physiography is conducted, and the significance of the historical observations is discussed.

  12. A Probe for Measuring Spacecraft Surface Potentials Using a Direct-Gate Field Effect Transistor.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-09-30

    SURFACE POTENTIALS USING A DIRECT-GATE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR Mark N. Horenstein Anton Havretic Trustees of Boston University 881 Commonwealth Avenue...1933 Transistor 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(s) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&) ’_5 Mark N. Horenstein Anton Mavretic F19628-82-K-00 34...at AFGL. These tests can be considered the bench mark tests for device performance, with all elements of the monitoring system optimized to eliminate

  13. The Stingless Bee Melipona solani Deposits a Signature Mixture and Methyl Oleate to Mark Valuable Food Sources.

    PubMed

    Alavez-Rosas, David; Malo, Edi A; Guzmán, Miguel A; Sánchez-Guillén, Daniel; Villanueva-Gutiérrez, Rogel; Cruz-López, Leopoldo

    2017-10-01

    Stingless bees foraging for food improve recruitment by depositing chemical cues on valuable food sites or pheromone marks on vegetation. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and bioassays, we showed that Melipona solani foragers leave a mixture composed mostly of long chain hydrocarbons from their abdominal cuticle plus methyl oleate from the labial gland as a scent mark on rich food sites. The composition of hydrocarbons was highly variable among individuals and varied in proportions, depending on the body part. A wide ratio of compounds present in different body parts of the bees elicited electroantennogram responses from foragers and these responses were dose dependent. Generally, in bioassays, these bees prefer to visit previously visited feeders and feeders marked with extracts from any body part of conspecifics. The mean number of visits to a feeder was enhanced when synthetic methyl oleate was added. We propose that this could be a case of multi-source odor marking, in which hydrocarbons, found in large abundance, act as a signature mixture with attraction enhanced through deposition of methyl oleate, which may indicate a rich food source.

  14. Mark Twain and American Humor [Lesson Plan].

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    2000

    In this three-part lesson, students examine structure and characterization in the short story and consider the significance of humor through a study of Mark Twain's "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." In Part I, through skits and storytelling, students first examine the structure of Twain's story and the role he creates…

  15. Tanks Versus Infantry in a Smoke Environment (TISE)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-08-01

    maneuvering toward stationary armor vehicles in an attempt to detect and recognize them. Finally, Part IV trials were limited free - play , two-sided...long. Each armor vehicle lane (average 40 meters in width) was marked on the ground by white tape. These markings were removed for part IV free - play trials...recognize them. Data were collected from both sides. (4) Part IV was free - play , force-on-force engagement trials. Defensive positions were tactically

  16. N6-methyladenine: a conserved and dynamic DNA mark

    PubMed Central

    O’Brown, Zach Klapholz; Greer, Eric Lieberman

    2017-01-01

    Chromatin, consisting of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) wrapped around histone proteins, facilitates DNA compaction and allows identical DNA code to confer many different cellular phenotypes. This biological versatility is accomplished in large part by post-translational modifications to histones and chemical modifications to DNA. These modifications direct the cellular machinery to expand or compact specific chromatin regions, and mark regions of the DNA as important for cellular functions. While each of the four bases that make up DNA can be modified (Iyer et al. 2011), this chapter will focus on methylation of the 6th position on adenines (6mA), as this modification has been poorly characterized in recently evolved eukaryotes but shows promise as a new conserved layer of epigenetic regulation. 6mA was previously thought to be restricted to unicellular organisms, but recent work has revealed its presence in more recently evolved metazoa. Here, we will briefly describe the history of 6mA, examine its evolutionary conservation, and evaluate the current methods for detecting 6mA. We will discuss the enzymes that bind and regulate this mark and finally examine known and potential functions of 6mA in eukaryotes. PMID:27826841

  17. Transportation-markings database : composite categories, classification & index. Part I 5, Volume 3, additional studies

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2006-01-01

    The Transportation-Markings Database project (within the T-M Monograph Series) began in 1997 with the publishing of the initial component, Transportation-Markings Database: Marine. That study was joined by T-M Database: Traffic Control Devices (1998)...

  18. 77 FR 70895 - New Marking Standards for Parcels Containing Hazardous Materials

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-28

    ... exception of certain infectious substances, certain patient specimens and certain radioactive materials as... the Postal Service intends to provide appropriate labeling, marking, and packaging material. Response... POSTAL SERVICE 39 CFR Part 111 New Marking Standards for Parcels Containing Hazardous Materials...

  19. 14 CFR 45.29 - Size of marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... part, the nationality and registration marks must be of equal height and on— (1) Fixed-wing aircraft... on that aircraft temporary or permanent nationality and registration marks at least 12 inches high... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION...

  20. 14 CFR 45.29 - Size of marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... part, the nationality and registration marks must be of equal height and on— (1) Fixed-wing aircraft... on that aircraft temporary or permanent nationality and registration marks at least 12 inches high... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION...

  1. 14 CFR 45.29 - Size of marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... part, the nationality and registration marks must be of equal height and on— (1) Fixed-wing aircraft... display on that aircraft temporary or permanent nationality and registration marks at least 12 inches high... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION...

  2. 14 CFR 45.29 - Size of marks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... part, the nationality and registration marks must be of equal height and on— (1) Fixed-wing aircraft... on that aircraft temporary or permanent nationality and registration marks at least 12 inches high... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION...

  3. The Nature of Object Marking in American Sign Language

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gokgoz, Kadir

    2013-01-01

    In this dissertation, I examine the nature of object marking in American Sign Language (ASL). I investigate object marking by means of directionality (the movement of the verb towards a certain location in signing space) and by means of handling classifiers (certain handshapes accompanying the verb). I propose that object marking in ASL is…

  4. Collaboration and Compromise: The Big Picture of Energy Systems Integration

    Science.gov Websites

    research direction at NREL. Photo by Dennis Schroeder Portrait of ESI researcher Mark O'Malley Mark by Dennis Schroeder Mark O'Malley is a research fellow at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

  5. Digital Data Matrix Scanner Developnent At Marshall Space Flight Center

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2004-01-01

    Research at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has resulted in a system for reading hidden identification codes using a hand-held magnetic scanner. It's an invention that could help businesses improve inventory management, enhance safety, improve security, and aid in recall efforts if defects are discovered. Two-dimensional Data Matrix symbols consisting of letters and numbers permanently etched on items for identification and resembling a small checkerboard pattern are more efficient and reliable than traditional bar codes, and can store up to 100 times more information. A team led by Fred Schramm of the Marshall Center's Technology Transfer Department, in partnership with PRI,Torrance, California, has developed a hand-held device that can read this special type of coded symbols, even if covered by up to six layers of paint. Before this new technology was available, matrix symbols were read with optical scanners, and only if the codes were visible. This latest improvement in digital Data Matrix technologies offers greater flexibility for businesses and industries already using the marking system. Paint, inks, and pastes containing magnetic properties are applied in matrix symbol patterns to objects with two-dimensional codes, and the codes are read by a magnetic scanner, even after being covered with paint or other coatings. The ability to read hidden matrix symbols promises a wide range of benefits in a number of fields, including airlines, electronics, healthcare, and the automotive industry. Many industries would like to hide information on a part, so it can be read only by the party who put it there. For instance, the automotive industry uses direct parts marking for inventory control, but for aesthetic purposes the marks often need to be invisible. Symbols have been applied to a variety of materials, including metal, plastic, glass, paper, fabric and foam, on everything from electronic parts to pharmaceuticals to livestock. The portability of the hand-held scanner makes work faster and easier. It reads marks in darkness, under bright light that might interfere with optical reading of visible marks, and can detect symbols obscured by discoloration or contamination. Through a license with NASA, another partner, Robotic Vision Systems, Inc., of Nashua, New Hampshire, will sell the scanner on the commercial market. NASA continues to seek additional companies to license the product. Joint efforts by Marshall researchers and industry partners are aimed at improving dentification technology as part of NASA's program to better life on Earth through technology designed for the space program. In this photo, Don Roxby, Robotic Vision Systems, Inc., (left)demonstrates the magnetic handheld scanner for Fred Schramm, (Right) MSFC Technology Transfer Department.

  6. 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 209 - Federal Railroad Administration Guidelines for Initial Hazardous Materials Assessments

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., depending on circumstances. Marking: 172.301 Failure to mark a non-bulk package as required (e.g., no... marking size—1/2″ where 2″ is required—and mitigation should be considered for markings approaching the... NON-ODORIZED or NOT ODORIZED when offering/transporting tank car or multi-unit tank car containing...

  7. 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 209 - Federal Railroad Administration Guidelines for Initial Hazardous Materials Assessments

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ..., depending on circumstances. Marking: 172.301 Failure to mark a non-bulk package as required (e.g., no... marking size—1/2″ where 2″ is required—and mitigation should be considered for markings approaching the... NON-ODORIZED or NOT ODORIZED when offering/transporting tank car or multi-unit tank car containing...

  8. 78 FR 55230 - Waiver for Marking Sunken Vessels With a Light at Night

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-10

    ... Part 64 [Docket No. USCG-2012-0054] RIN 1625-AC11 Waiver for Marking Sunken Vessels With a Light at... authorizes the Commandant to waive the requirement to mark a sunken vessel, raft, or other craft with a light...

  9. Front lighted optical tooling method and apparatus

    DOEpatents

    Stone, W.J.

    1983-06-30

    An optical tooling method and apparatus uses a front lighted shadowgraphic technique to enhance visual contrast of reflected light. The apparatus includes an optical assembly including a fiducial mark, such as cross hairs, reflecting polarized light with a first polarization, a polarizing element backing the fiducial mark and a reflective surface backing the polarizing element for reflecting polarized light bypassing the fiducial mark and traveling through the polarizing element. The light reflected by the reflecting surface is directed through a second pass of the polarizing element toward the frontal direction with a polarization differing from the polarization of the light reflected by the fiducial mark. When used as a tooling target, the optical assembly may be mounted directly to a reference surface or may be secured in a mounting, such as a magnetic mounting. The optical assembly may also be mounted in a plane defining structure and used as a spherometer in conjunction with an optical depth measuring instrument.

  10. 9 CFR 310.8 - Passing and marking of carcasses and parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Passing and marking of carcasses and parts. 310.8 Section 310.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... affected tissues shall be removed and condemned before the tags are removed. “U.S. Retained” tags shall be...

  11. 9 CFR 310.8 - Passing and marking of carcasses and parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Passing and marking of carcasses and parts. 310.8 Section 310.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... affected tissues shall be removed and condemned before the tags are removed. “U.S. Retained” tags shall be...

  12. 9 CFR 310.8 - Passing and marking of carcasses and parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Passing and marking of carcasses and parts. 310.8 Section 310.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... affected tissues shall be removed and condemned before the tags are removed. “U.S. Retained” tags shall be...

  13. 9 CFR 310.8 - Passing and marking of carcasses and parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Passing and marking of carcasses and parts. 310.8 Section 310.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... affected tissues shall be removed and condemned before the tags are removed. “U.S. Retained” tags shall be...

  14. Refuge habitats for fishes during seasonal drying in an intermittent stream: movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Hodges, S.W.; Magoulick, Daniel D.

    2011-01-01

    Drought and summer drying can be important disturbance events in many small streams leading to intermittent or isolated habitats. We examined what habitats act as refuges for fishes during summer drying, hypothesizing that pools would act as refuge habitats. We predicted that during drying fish would show directional movement into pools from riffle habitats, survival rates would be greater in pools than in riffles, and fish abundance would increase in pool habitats. We examined movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species, bigeye shiner (Notropis boops), highland stoneroller (Campostoma spadiceum) and creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), during seasonal stream drying in an Ozark stream using a closed robust multi-strata mark-recapture sampling. Population parameters were estimated using plausible models within program MARK, where a priori models are ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion. Creek chub showed directional movement into pools and increased survival and abundance in pools during drying. Highland stonerollers showed strong directional movement into pools and abundance increased in pools during drying, but survival rates were not significantly greater in pools than riffles. Bigeye shiners showed high movement rates during drying, but the movement was non-directional, and survival rates were greater in riffles than pools. Therefore, creek chub supported our hypothesis and pools appear to act as refuge habitats for this species, whereas highland stonerollers partly supported the hypothesis and bigeye shiners did not support the pool refuge hypothesis. Refuge habitats during drying are species dependent. An urgent need exists to further understand refuge habitats in streams given projected changes in climate and continued alteration of hydrological regimes.

  15. Part Marking and Identification Materials on MISSE

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Finckenor, Miria M.; Roxby, Donald L.

    2008-01-01

    Many different spacecraft materials were flown as part of the Materials on International Space Station Experiment (MISSE), including several materials used in part marking and identification. The experiment contained Data Matrix symbols applied using laser bonding, vacuum arc vapor deposition, gas assisted laser etch, chemical etch, mechanical dot peening, laser shot peening, and laser induced surface improvement. The effects of ultraviolet radiation on nickel acetate seal versus hot water seal on sulfuric acid anodized aluminum are discussed. These samples were exposed on the International Space Station to the low Earth orbital environment of atomic oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, thermal cycling, and hard vacuum, though atomic oxygen exposure was very limited for some samples. Results from the one-year exposure on MISSE-3 and MISSE-4 are compared to those from MISSE-1 and MISSE-2, which were exposed for four years. Part marking and identification materials on the current MISSE -6 experiment are also discussed.

  16. PLAB and UK graduates' performance on MRCP(UK) and MRCGP examinations: data linkage study.

    PubMed

    McManus, I C; Wakeford, Richard

    2014-04-17

    To assess whether international medical graduates passing the two examinations set by the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB1 and PLAB2) of the General Medical Council (GMC) are equivalent to UK graduates at the end of the first foundation year of medical training (F1), as the GMC requires, and if not, to assess what changes in the PLAB pass marks might produce equivalence. Data linkage of GMC PLAB performance data with data from the Royal Colleges of Physicians and the Royal College of General Practitioners on performance of PLAB graduates and UK graduates at the MRCP(UK) and MRCGP examinations. Doctors in training for internal medicine or general practice in the United Kingdom. 7829, 5135, and 4387 PLAB graduates on their first attempt at MRCP(UK) Part 1, Part 2, and PACES assessments from 2001 to 2012 compared with 18,532, 14,094, and 14,376 UK graduates taking the same assessments; 3160 PLAB1 graduates making their first attempt at the MRCGP AKT during 2007-12 compared with 14,235 UK graduates; and 1411 PLAB2 graduates making their first attempt at the MRCGP CSA during 2010-12 compared with 6935 UK graduates. Performance at MRCP(UK) Part 1, Part 2, and PACES assessments, and MRCGP AKT and CSA assessments in relation to performance on PLAB1 and PLAB2 assessments, as well as to International English Language Testing System (IELTS) scores. MRCP(UK), MRCGP, and PLAB results were analysed as marks relative to the pass mark at the first attempt. PLAB1 marks were a valid predictor of MRCP(UK) Part 1, MRCP(UK) Part 2, and MRCGP AKT (r=0.521, 0.390, and 0.490; all P<0.001). PLAB2 marks correlated with MRCP(UK) PACES and MRCGP CSA (r=0.274, 0.321; both P<0.001). PLAB graduates had significantly lower MRCP(UK) and MRCGP assessments (Glass's Δ=0.94, 0.91, 1.40, 1.01, and 1.82 for MRCP(UK) Part 1, Part 2, and PACES and MRCGP AKT and CSA), and were more likely to fail assessments and to progress more slowly than UK medical graduates. IELTS scores correlated significantly with later performance, multiple regression showing that the effect of PLAB1 (β=0.496) was much stronger than the effect of IELTS (β=0.086). Changes to PLAB pass marks that would result in international medical graduate and UK medical graduate equivalence were assessed in two ways. Method 1 adjusted PLAB pass marks to equate median performance of PLAB and UK graduates. Method 2 divided PLAB graduates into 12 equally spaced groups according to PLAB performance, and compared these with mean performance of graduates from individual UK medical schools, assessing which PLAB groups were equivalent in MRCP(UK) and MRCGP performance to UK graduates. The two methods produced similar results. To produce equivalent performance on the MRCP and MRGP examinations, the pass mark for PLAB1 would require raising by about 27 marks (13%) and for PLAB2 by about 15-16 marks (20%) above the present standard. PLAB is a valid assessment of medical knowledge and clinical skills, correlating well with performance at MRCP(UK) and MRCGP. PLAB graduates' knowledge and skills at MRCP(UK) and MRCGP are over one standard deviation below those of UK graduates, although differences in training quality cannot be taken into account. Equivalent performance in MRCGP(UK) and MRCGP would occur if the pass marks of PLAB1 and PLAB2 were raised considerably, but that would also reduce the pass rate, with implications for medical workforce planning. Increasing IELTS requirements would have less impact on equivalence than raising PLAB pass marks.

  17. PLAB and UK graduates’ performance on MRCP(UK) and MRCGP examinations: data linkage study

    PubMed Central

    Wakeford, Richard

    2014-01-01

    Objectives To assess whether international medical graduates passing the two examinations set by the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB1 and PLAB2) of the General Medical Council (GMC) are equivalent to UK graduates at the end of the first foundation year of medical training (F1), as the GMC requires, and if not, to assess what changes in the PLAB pass marks might produce equivalence. Design Data linkage of GMC PLAB performance data with data from the Royal Colleges of Physicians and the Royal College of General Practitioners on performance of PLAB graduates and UK graduates at the MRCP(UK) and MRCGP examinations. Setting Doctors in training for internal medicine or general practice in the United Kingdom. Participants 7829, 5135, and 4387 PLAB graduates on their first attempt at MRCP(UK) Part 1, Part 2, and PACES assessments from 2001 to 2012 compared with 18 532, 14 094, and 14 376 UK graduates taking the same assessments; 3160 PLAB1 graduates making their first attempt at the MRCGP AKT during 2007-12 compared with 14 235 UK graduates; and 1411 PLAB2 graduates making their first attempt at the MRCGP CSA during 2010-12 compared with 6935 UK graduates. Main outcome measures Performance at MRCP(UK) Part 1, Part 2, and PACES assessments, and MRCGP AKT and CSA assessments in relation to performance on PLAB1 and PLAB2 assessments, as well as to International English Language Testing System (IELTS) scores. MRCP(UK), MRCGP, and PLAB results were analysed as marks relative to the pass mark at the first attempt. Results PLAB1 marks were a valid predictor of MRCP(UK) Part 1, MRCP(UK) Part 2, and MRCGP AKT (r=0.521, 0.390, and 0.490; all P<0.001). PLAB2 marks correlated with MRCP(UK) PACES and MRCGP CSA (r=0.274, 0.321; both P<0.001). PLAB graduates had significantly lower MRCP(UK) and MRCGP assessments (Glass’s Δ=0.94, 0.91, 1.40, 1.01, and 1.82 for MRCP(UK) Part 1, Part 2, and PACES and MRCGP AKT and CSA), and were more likely to fail assessments and to progress more slowly than UK medical graduates. IELTS scores correlated significantly with later performance, multiple regression showing that the effect of PLAB1 (β=0.496) was much stronger than the effect of IELTS (β=0.086). Changes to PLAB pass marks that would result in international medical graduate and UK medical graduate equivalence were assessed in two ways. Method 1 adjusted PLAB pass marks to equate median performance of PLAB and UK graduates. Method 2 divided PLAB graduates into 12 equally spaced groups according to PLAB performance, and compared these with mean performance of graduates from individual UK medical schools, assessing which PLAB groups were equivalent in MRCP(UK) and MRCGP performance to UK graduates. The two methods produced similar results. To produce equivalent performance on the MRCP and MRGP examinations, the pass mark for PLAB1 would require raising by about 27 marks (13%) and for PLAB2 by about 15-16 marks (20%) above the present standard. Conclusions PLAB is a valid assessment of medical knowledge and clinical skills, correlating well with performance at MRCP(UK) and MRCGP. PLAB graduates’ knowledge and skills at MRCP(UK) and MRCGP are over one standard deviation below those of UK graduates, although differences in training quality cannot be taken into account. Equivalent performance in MRCGP(UK) and MRCGP would occur if the pass marks of PLAB1 and PLAB2 were raised considerably, but that would also reduce the pass rate, with implications for medical workforce planning. Increasing IELTS requirements would have less impact on equivalence than raising PLAB pass marks. PMID:24742473

  18. Second Language Learning of Complex Inflectional Systems

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kempe, Vera; Brooks, Patricia J.

    2008-01-01

    This study explored learning and generalization of parts of the Russian case-marking paradigm, an inflecting-fusional system in which affixes simultaneously mark several grammatical features (case, gender, number, animacy). In Experiment 1, adult English speakers (N = 43) were exposed to nouns with transparent gender marking in the nominative case…

  19. Transportation-markings database : railway signals, signs, marks and markers. Part I 3, Volume 3, additional studies

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-01-01

    The Database demonstrates the unity and commonality of T-M but presents each one in its separate state. Yet in that process the full panopoly of T-M is unfolded including their shared and connected state. There are thousands of Trasportation-Markings...

  20. 19 CFR 181.1 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the appendix to this part. (k) Marking Rules. Marking Rules means the “NAFTA Marking Rules” as defined..., the following terms shall have the meanings indicated unless either the context in which they are used requires a different meaning or a different definition is prescribed for a particular subpart, section or...

  1. The Ins & Outs of Developing a Field-Based Science Project: Learning by Lassoing Lizards

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Matthews, Catherine E.; Huffling, Lacey D.; Benavides, Aerin

    2014-01-01

    We describe a field-based lizard project we did with high school students as a part of our summer Herpetological Research Experiences. We describe data collection on lizards captured, identified, and marked as a part of our mark-recapture study. We also describe other lizard projects that are ongoing in the United States and provide resources for…

  2. Chromodomains direct integration of retrotransposons to heterochromatin

    PubMed Central

    Gao, Xiang; Hou, Yi; Ebina, Hirotaka; Levin, Henry L.; Voytas, Daniel F.

    2008-01-01

    The enrichment of mobile genetic elements in heterochromatin may be due, in part, to targeted integration. The chromoviruses are Ty3/gypsy retrotransposons with chromodomains at their integrase C termini. Chromodomains are logical determinants for targeting to heterochromatin, because the chromodomain of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) typically recognizes histone H3 K9 methylation, an epigenetic mark characteristic of heterochromatin. We describe three groups of chromoviruses based on amino acid sequence relationships of their integrase C termini. Genome sequence analysis indicates that representative chromoviruses from each group are enriched in gene-poor regions of the genome relative to other retrotransposons, and when fused to fluorescent marker proteins, the chromodomains target proteins to specific subnuclear foci coincident with heterochromatin. The chromodomain of the fungal element, MAGGY, interacts with histone H3 dimethyl- and trimethyl-K9, and when the MAGGY chromodomain is fused to integrase of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tf1 retrotransposon, new Tf1 insertions are directed to sites of H3 K9 methylation. Repetitive sequences such as transposable elements trigger the RNAi pathway resulting in their epigenetic modification. Our results suggest a dynamic interplay between retrotransposons and heterochromatin, wherein mobile elements recognize heterochromatin at the time of integration and then perpetuate the heterochromatic mark by triggering epigenetic modification. PMID:18256242

  3. Digital data sets that describe aquifer characteristics of the Rush Springs Aquifer in western Oklahoma

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Runkle, D.L.; Becker, M.F.; Rea, Alan

    1997-01-01

    This diskette contains digitized aquifer boundaries and maps of hydraulic conductivity, recharge, and ground-water level elevation contours for the Rush Spring aquifer in western Oklahoma. This area encompasses all or part of Blaine, Caddo, Canadian, Comanche, Custer, Dewey, Grady, Stephens, and Washita Counties. These digital data sets were developed by Mark F. Becker to use as input into a computer model that simulated ground-water flow in the Rush Springs aquifer (Mark F. Becker, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1997). For the purposes of modeling the ground-water flow in the Rush Springs aquifer, Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) defined the Rush Springs aquifer to include the Rush Springs Formation, alluvial and terrace deposits along major streams, and parts of the Marlow Formations, particularly in the eastern part of the aquifer boundary area. The Permian-age Rush Springs Formation consists of highly cross-bedded sandstone with some interbedded dolomite and gypsum. The Rush Springs Formation is overlain by Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace deposits that consist of unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel. The Rush Springs Formation is underlain by the Permian-age Marlow Formation that consists of interbedded sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, gypsum-anhydrite, and dolomite beds (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). The parts of the Marlow Formation that have high permeability and porosity are where the Marlow Formation is included as part of the Rush Springs aquifer. The Rush Springs aquifer underlies about 2,400 square miles of western Oklahoma and is an important source of water for irrigation, livestock, industrial, municipal, and domestic use. Irrigation wells are reported to have well yields greater than 1,000 gallons per minute (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). Mark F. Becker created some of the aquifer boundaries, hydraulic conductivity, and recharge data sets by digitizing parts of previously published surficial geology maps. The hydraulic conductivity and recharge values are the input data to the ground-water flow model (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). The water-level elevation data set was prepared at a scale of 1:250,000 by Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) from water levels measured in wells prior to the year 1950. Ground-water flow models are numerical representations that simplify and aggregate natural systems. Models are not unique; different combinations of aquifer characteristics may produce similar results. Therefore, values of hydraulic conductivity and recharge used in the model and presented in this data set are not precise, but are within a reasonable range when compared to independently collected data.

  4. Night-time pedestrian conspicuity: effects of clothing on drivers' eye movements.

    PubMed

    Wood, Joanne M; Tyrrell, Richard A; Lacherez, Philippe; Black, Alex A

    2017-03-01

    Drivers' responses and eye movements were assessed as they approached pedestrians at night in order to explore the relative conspicuity benefits of different configurations of retroreflective markings. Eye movements were recorded using an ASL Mobile Eye (Applied Science Technologies, www.asleyetracking.com) from 14 young licensed drivers (M = 24.1 ± 6.4 years) as they drove along a closed-road circuit at night. At two locations, pedestrians walked in place facing either towards or away from the road. Pedestrians wore black clothing with a standard retroreflective vest either alone or with additional retroreflective markers positioned in a configuration conveying biological motion (biomotion). Drivers responded when they recognised that a pedestrian was present and again when they identified the direction the pedestrian was facing. Drivers recognised pedestrians from a significantly greater distance (p < 0.05) when the pedestrian's clothing included the biomotion configuration (319.1 m) than when the biomotion markings were absent (184.5 m). Further, the drivers recognised the direction that the pedestrian faced from a longer distance when biomotion markings were present (215.4 m vs 95.6 m). Eye movement data suggested that the biomotion configuration attracted drivers' attention significantly sooner than the vest (time to first fixation: 1.1 vs 3.5 s), that drivers fixated on pedestrians wearing biomotion for significantly less time prior to responding (3.4 s vs 6.1 s), and the time to first recognise a pedestrian was approximately half that for biomotion compared to vest (6.4 vs 13.9 s). Adding biomotion reflectors to the vest facilitated earlier recognition of pedestrians and faster identification of the direction that the pedestrian faced. These findings confirm that the conspicuity advantages of biomotion configurations on pedestrians at night result in part from drivers fixating pedestrians earlier and more efficiently. © 2017 The Authors Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics © 2017 The College of Optometrists.

  5. Improvement of magnetorheological finishing surface quality by nanoparticle jet polishing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Peng, Wenqiang; Li, Shengyi; Guan, Chaoliang; Shen, Xinmin; Dai, Yifan; Wang, Zhuo

    2013-04-01

    Nanoparticle jet polishing (NJP) is presented as a posttreatment to remove magnetorheological finishing (MRF) marks. In the NJP process the material is removed by chemical impact reaction, and the material removal rate of convex part is larger than that of the concave part. Smoothing thus can progress automatically in the NJP process. In the experiment, a silica glass sample polished by MRF was polished by NJP. Experiment results showed the MRF marks were removed clearly. The uniform polishing process shows that the NJP process can remove the MRF marks without destroying the original surface figure. The surface root-mean-square roughness is improved from 0.72 to 0.41 nm. power spectral density analysis indicates the surface quality is improved, and the experimental result validates effective removal of MRF marks by NJP.

  6. 29 CFR 1917.128 - Signs and marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 7 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Signs and marking. 1917.128 Section 1917.128 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) MARINE TERMINALS Terminal Facilities § 1917.128 Signs and marking. (a) General. Signs required by this part shall be clearly worded and...

  7. 27 CFR 26.207 - Destruction of marks and brands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... brands. 26.207 Section 26.207 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE... Products Coming Into the United States From the Virgin Islands § 26.207 Destruction of marks and brands. The marks, brands, and serial numbers required by this part to be placed on barrels, casks, or similar...

  8. 27 CFR 26.41 - Destruction of marks and brands.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... brands. 26.41 Section 26.41 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE... Products Coming Into the United States From Puerto Rico § 26.41 Destruction of marks and brands. The marks, brands, and serial numbers required by this part to be placed on barrels, casks, or similar containers...

  9. Impact of board-marker accuracy on lumber yield

    Treesearch

    Urs Buehlmann; R. Edward Thomas

    2003-01-01

    The production of wooden furniture parts, mouldings, and flooring requires the removal of unacceptable character marks (also called "defects") such as holes, rot, knots, etc., from boards. The majority of the wood processing industry manually identifies such unusable areas and marks them with fluorescent crayons. Automated saws scan these marks and computers...

  10. Homosexuality as a consequence of epigenetically canalized sexual development.

    PubMed

    Rice, William R; Friberg, Urban; Gavrilets, Sergey

    2012-12-01

    Male and female homosexuality have substantial prevalence in humans. Pedigree and twin studies indicate that homosexuality has substantial heritability in both sexes, yet concordance between identical twins is low and molecular studies have failed to find associated DNA makers. This paradoxical pattern calls for an explanation. We use published data on fetal androgen signaling and gene regulation via nongenetic changes in DNA packaging (epigenetics) to develop a new model for homosexuality. It is well established that fetal androgen signaling strongly influences sexual development. We show that an unappreciated feature of this process is reduced androgen sensitivity in XX fetuses and enhanced sensitivity in XY fetuses, and that this difference is most feasibly mused by numerous sex-specific epigenetic modifications ("epi-marks") originating in embryonic stem cells. These epi-marks buffer XX fetuses from masculinization due to excess fetal androgen exposure and similarly buffer XY fetuses from androgen underexposure. Extant data indicates that individual epi-marks influence some but not other sexually dimorphic traits, vary in strength across individuals, and are produced during ontogeny and erased between generations. Those that escape erasure will steer development of the sexual phenotypes they influence in a gonad-discordant direction in opposite sex offspring, mosaically feminizing XY offspring and masculinizing XX offspring. Such sex-specific epi-marks are sexually antagonistic (SA-epi-marks) because they canalize sexual development in the parent that produced them, but contribute to gonad-trait discordances in opposite-sex offspring when unerased. In this model, homosexuality occurs when stronger-than-average SA-epi-marks (influencing sexual preference) from an opposite-sex parent escape erasure and are then paired with a weaker-than-average de novo sex-specific epi-marks produced in opposite-sex offspring. Our model predicts that homosexuality is part of a wider phenomenon in which recently evolved androgen-influenced traits commonly display gonad-trait discordances at substantial frequency, and that the molecular feature underlying most homosexuality is not DNA polymorphism(s), but epi-marks that evolved to canalize sexual dimorphic development that sometimes carryover across generations and contribute to gonad-trait discordances in opposite-sex descendants.

  11. Multiple-choice examinations: adopting an evidence-based approach to exam technique.

    PubMed

    Hammond, E J; McIndoe, A K; Sansome, A J; Spargo, P M

    1998-11-01

    Negatively marked multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are part of the assessment process in both the Primary and Final examinations for the fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. It is said that candidates who guess will lose marks in the MCQ paper. We studied candidates attending a pre-examination revision course and have shown that an evaluation of examination technique is an important part of an individual's preparation. All candidates benefited substantially from backing their educated guesses while only 3 out of 27 lost marks from backing their wild guesses. Failure to appreciate the relationship between knowledge and technique may significantly affect a candidate's performance in the examination.

  12. Trivalent chromatin marks the way in.

    PubMed

    Hysolli, Eriona; Park, In-Hyun

    2013-11-07

    Recently in Cell, Wapinski et al. (2013) investigated the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the direct conversion of fibroblasts to induced neurons (iNs). They found that Ascl1 acts as a pioneer factor at neurogenic loci marked by a closed "trivalent" chromatin state in cells permissive to direct conversion, but not in restrictive cell types. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Refuge habitats for fishes during seasonal drying in an intermittent stream: Movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Hodges, S.W.; Magoulick, D.D.

    2011-01-01

    Drought and summer drying can be important disturbance events in many small streams leading to intermittent or isolated habitats. We examined what habitats act as refuges for fishes during summer drying, hypothesizing that pools would act as refuge habitats. We predicted that during drying fish would show directional movement into pools from riffle habitats, survival rates would be greater in pools than in riffles, and fish abundance would increase in pool habitats. We examined movement, survival and abundance of three minnow species, bigeye shiner (Notropis boops), highland stoneroller (Campostoma spadiceum) and creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), during seasonal stream drying in an Ozark stream using a closed robust multi-strata mark-recapture sampling. Population parameters were estimated using plausible models within program MARK, where a priori models are ranked using Akaike's Information Criterion. Creek chub showed directional movement into pools and increased survival and abundance in pools during drying. Highland stonerollers showed strong directional movement into pools and abundance increased in pools during drying, but survival rates were not significantly greater in pools than riffles. Bigeye shiners showed high movement rates during drying, but the movement was non-directional, and survival rates were greater in riffles than pools. Therefore, creek chub supported our hypothesis and pools appear to act as refuge habitats for this species, whereas highland stonerollers partly supported the hypothesis and bigeye shiners did not support the pool refuge hypothesis. Refuge habitats during drying are species dependent. An urgent need exists to further understand refuge habitats in streams given projected changes in climate and continued alteration of hydrological regimes. ?? 2011 Springer Basel AG (outside the USA).

  14. Identification and Registration Marking

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1992-04-16

    This advisory circular (AC) updates the guidance and information concerning the identification and marking requirements of Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 45, and describes an acceptable means, but not the sole means, of : compliance with the...

  15. Material Gradients in Oxygen System Components Improve Safety

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Forsyth, Bradley S.

    2011-01-01

    Oxygen system components fabricated by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (TradeMark) (LENS(TradeMark)) could result in improved safety and performance. LENS(TradeMark) is a near-net shape manufacturing process fusing powdered materials injected into a laser beam. Parts can be fabricated with a variety of elemental metals, alloys, and nonmetallic materials without the use of a mold. The LENS(TradeMark) process allows the injected materials to be varied throughout a single workpiece. Hence, surfaces exposed to oxygen could be constructed of an oxygen-compatible material while the remainder of the part could be one chosen for strength or reduced weight. Unlike conventional coating applications, a compositional gradient would exist between the two materials, so no abrupt material boundary exists. Without an interface between dissimilar materials, there is less tendency for chipping or cracking associated with thermal-expansion mismatches.

  16. Part Marking and Identification Materials' for MISSE

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Roxby, Donald; Finckenor, Miria M.

    2008-01-01

    The Materials on International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) is being conducted with funding from NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense, in order to evaluate candidate materials and processes for flight hardware. MISSE modules include test specimens used to validate NASA technical standards for part markings exposed to harsh environments in low-Earth orbit and space, including: atomic oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, thermal vacuum cycling, and meteoroid and orbital debris impact. Marked test specimens are evaluated and then mounted in a passive experiment container (PEC) that is affixed to an exterior surface on the International Space Station (ISS). They are exposed to atomic oxygen and/or ultraviolet radiation for a year or more before being retrieved and reevaluated. Criteria include percent contrast, axial uniformity, print growth, error correction, and overall grade. MISSE 1 and 2 (2001-2005), MISSE 3 and 4 (2006-2007), and MISSE 5 (2005-2006) have been completed to date. Acceptable results were found for test specimens marked with Data Matrix(TradeMark) symbols by Intermec Inc. and Robotic Vision Systems Inc using: laser bonding, vacuum arc vapor deposition, gas assisted laser etch, chemical etch, mechanical dot peening, laser shot peening, laser etching, and laser induced surface improvement. MISSE 6 (2008-2009) is exposing specimens marked by DataLase(Registed TradeMark), Chemico technologies Inc., Intermec Inc., and tesa with laser-markable paint, nanocode tags, DataLase and tesa laser markings, and anodized metal labels.

  17. 33 CFR 118.160 - Vertical clearance gauges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of the foot marks, read from top to bottom. Each gauge must be installed on the end of the right... directly on the bridge channel pier or pier protection structure if the surface is suitable and has... be marked by black numerals and foot marks on a white background. Paint, if used, must be of good...

  18. 33 CFR 118.160 - Vertical clearance gauges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... of the foot marks, read from top to bottom. Each gauge must be installed on the end of the right... directly on the bridge channel pier or pier protection structure if the surface is suitable and has... be marked by black numerals and foot marks on a white background. Paint, if used, must be of good...

  19. Product development in large furniture companies: a descriptive model with implications for character-marked products

    Treesearch

    Matt Bumgardner; Robert J. Bush; Cynthia D. West

    2001-01-01

    Previous research has shown that substantial yield improvements are possible when character-marks are not removed from hardwood furniture parts. Attempts to promote increased use of character-marked wood in fumiture should be based on an understimn&ing of how design concepts originate and move through the stages of product development. However, very little has...

  20. Marking and Providing Feedback Face-to-Face: Staff and Student Perspectives

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chalmers, Charlotte; Mowat, Elaine; Chapman, Maggie

    2018-01-01

    The setting, marking and providing feedback on assessments form an important part of a tutor's role. Studies into the use of feedback and how it is interpreted by students indicate a mismatch between what students are looking for and what tutors think they are giving. Tutors comment that students are more interested in the mark than the feedback,…

  1. Effects of simulated microgravity on otoliths growth and microstructure of Larval Zebrafish, Danio rerio

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Xiaoyan; Wang, Gaohong; Liu, Yongding

    2012-07-01

    Otolith is the vestibular endorgan that takes part in gravitational signal initiation. Environmental change can leave mark on otolith microstructure. In this study, we use zebrafish from embryo stage of 10hpf to middle larval stage of 12dpf to investigate the effect of microgravity on otolith development. It was found that otoliths size of microgravity group was larger than the control before 6dpf, but after that both groups kept nearly the same size. Surface scanning of otolith morphology with SEM showed that otolith of microgravity group were much smoother than the control. After etching with HCl, we found both groups formed daily increments, but microgravity group lack clear check marks in some special developmental stage. Widths between increments were wider, and granule shape was much sharper in microgravity group. Analysis of crystal orientation disclosed the increments of microgravity group formed irregularly. The surface etched with PKb also exhibited different granule size and orientation: the granules in the control had nearly the same size and direction, while the particles in microgravity were smaller and orientated differently along the translucent ring. The organic leftover were also found between layers in microgravity group. These results suggest that microgravity can affect otolith development, the component and structural mode of inorganic and organic parts change with different gravitation environment, which may be involved in orientation adjustment of SMS (Space Movement Sickness).

  2. On the linguistic status of ‘agreement’ in sign languages

    PubMed Central

    LILLO-MARTIN, DIANE; MEIER, RICHARD P.

    2013-01-01

    In signed languages, the arguments of verbs can be marked by a system of verbal modification that has been termed “agreement” (more neutrally, “directionality”). Fundamental issues regarding directionality remain unresolved and the phenomenon has characteristics that call into question its analysis as agreement. We conclude that directionality marks person in American Sign Language, and the ways person marking interacts with syntactic phenomena are largely analogous to morpho-syntactic properties of familiar agreement systems. Overall, signed languages provide a crucial test for how gestural and linguistic mechanisms can jointly contribute to the satisfaction of fundamental aspects of linguistic structure. PMID:23495262

  3. Floor Proximity Emergency Escape Path Marking Systems Incorporating Photoluminescent Elements

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-07-24

    This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance material for use in demonstrating : compliance with the provisions of part 25 of the Federal Aviation Regulations : (FAR) regarding floor proximity emergency escape path marking systems (FPEEPMS) : which ...

  4. The nature of albedo features on Mercury, with maps for the telescopic observer. Part I: Mercury, the enigmatic planet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Graham, D. L.

    1995-02-01

    Bright and dark markings have been regularly recorded by visual observers of Mercury since the nineteenth century. Following the Mariner 10 mission, topographic maps of the hemisphere imaged by the spacecraft were produced. Part One of this paper reviews the classical telescopic observations of albedo markings on Mercury and the definitive albedo map is reproduced to assist visual observers of the planet. In Part Two, an investigation into the relationship between albedo and physiography is conducted and the significance of the historical observations is discussed.

  5. Is Grammar Instruction Beneficial for Heritage Language Learners? Dative Case Marking in Spanish

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Montrul, Silvina; Bowles, Melissa

    2010-01-01

    Spanish heritage speakers have been shown to have incomplete knowledge of dative case marking with both animate direct objects (also known as differential object marking (DOM) or "a-personal") and dative experiencers with "gustar"-psych verbs in oral and written modes (Montrul, 2004; Montrul & Bowles, in press). In general, Spanish objects that…

  6. The digital step edge

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Haralick, R. M.

    1982-01-01

    The facet model was used to accomplish step edge detection. The essence of the facet model is that any analysis made on the basis of the pixel values in some neighborhood has its final authoritative interpretation relative to the underlying grey tone intensity surface of which the neighborhood pixel values are observed noisy samples. Pixels which are part of regions have simple grey tone intensity surfaces over their areas. Pixels which have an edge in them have complex grey tone intensity surfaces over their areas. Specially, an edge moves through a pixel only if there is some point in the pixel's area having a zero crossing of the second directional derivative taken in the direction of a non-zero gradient at the pixel's center. To determine whether or not a pixel should be marked as a step edge pixel, its underlying grey tone intensity surface was estimated on the basis of the pixels in its neighborhood.

  7. Estimating adult sex ratios in nature.

    PubMed

    Ancona, Sergio; Dénes, Francisco V; Krüger, Oliver; Székely, Tamás; Beissinger, Steven R

    2017-09-19

    Adult sex ratio (ASR, the proportion of males in the adult population) is a central concept in population and evolutionary biology, and is also emerging as a major factor influencing mate choice, pair bonding and parental cooperation in both human and non-human societies. However, estimating ASR is fraught with difficulties stemming from the effects of spatial and temporal variation in the numbers of males and females, and detection/capture probabilities that differ between the sexes. Here, we critically evaluate methods for estimating ASR in wild animal populations, reviewing how recent statistical advances can be applied to handle some of these challenges. We review methods that directly account for detection differences between the sexes using counts of unmarked individuals (observed, trapped or killed) and counts of marked individuals using mark-recapture models. We review a third class of methods that do not directly sample the number of males and females, but instead estimate the sex ratio indirectly using relationships that emerge from demographic measures, such as survival, age structure, reproduction and assumed dynamics. We recommend that detection-based methods be used for estimating ASR in most situations, and point out that studies are needed that compare different ASR estimation methods and control for sex differences in dispersal.This article is part of the themed issue 'Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies'. © 2017 The Author(s).

  8. Graded Mirror Self-Recognition by Clark's Nutcrackers.

    PubMed

    Clary, Dawson; Kelly, Debbie M

    2016-11-04

    The traditional 'mark test' has shown some large-brained species are capable of mirror self-recognition. During this test a mark is inconspicuously placed on an animal's body where it can only be seen with the aid of a mirror. If the animal increases the number of actions directed to the mark region when presented with a mirror, the animal is presumed to have recognized the mirror image as its reflection. However, the pass/fail nature of the mark test presupposes self-recognition exists in entirety or not at all. We developed a novel mirror-recognition task, to supplement the mark test, which revealed gradation in the self-recognition of Clark's nutcrackers, a large-brained corvid. To do so, nutcrackers cached food alone, observed by another nutcracker, or with a regular or blurry mirror. The nutcrackers suppressed caching with a regular mirror, a behavioural response to prevent cache theft by conspecifics, but did not suppress caching with a blurry mirror. Likewise, during the mark test, most nutcrackers made more self-directed actions to the mark with a blurry mirror than a regular mirror. Both results suggest self-recognition was more readily achieved with the blurry mirror and that self-recognition may be more broadly present among animals than currently thought.

  9. 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 209 - Federal Railroad Administration Guidelines for Initial Hazardous Materials Assessments

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... to mark a non-bulk package as required (e.g., no commodity name on a 55-gallon drum). (Shipment is...—and mitigation should be considered for markings approaching the required size.) 2,000. 172.302(c... molten sulfur, see § 172.325(b) 2,500. 172.330(c) Failing to mark tank car as NON-ODORIZED or NOT...

  10. 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 209 - Federal Railroad Administration Guidelines for Initial Hazardous Materials Assessments

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... to mark a non-bulk package as required (e.g., no commodity name on a 55-gallon drum). (Shipment is...—and mitigation should be considered for markings approaching the required size.) 2,000. 172.302(c... molten sulfur, see § 172.325(b) 2,500. 172.330(c) Failing to mark tank car as NON-ODORIZED or NOT...

  11. 9 CFR 355.42 - Marking of mule meat and animal food mule meat by-product.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... mule meat by-product. 355.42 Section 355.42 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION... Meat and Animal Food, Mule Meat By-Product § 355.42 Marking of mule meat and animal food mule meat by-product. All mule meat and animal food mule meat by-product inspected under this part shall be marked and...

  12. Field manual for identifying and preserving high-water mark data

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Feaster, Toby D.; Koenig, Todd A.

    2017-09-26

    This field manual provides general guidance for identifying and collecting high-water marks and is meant to be used by field personnel as a quick reference. The field manual describes purposes for collecting and documenting high-water marks along with the most common types of high-water marks. The manual provides a list of suggested field equipment, describes rules of thumb and best practices for finding high-water marks, and describes the importance of evaluating each high-water mark and assigning a numeric uncertainty value as part of the flagging process. The manual also includes an appendix of photographs of a variety of high-water marks obtained from various U.S. Geological Survey field investigations along with general comments about the logic for the assigned uncertainty values.

  13. Influence of lithological heterogeneity, mechanical anisotropy, and magmatism on the rheology of an arc, North Cascades, Washington

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Miller, Robert B.; Paterson, Scott R.

    2001-12-01

    Many aspects of crustal dynamics are dependent on changes in rheology and strength with depth in the lithosphere. Several of the controlling factors for rheology are difficult to study experimentally, particularly lithological heterogeneity, mechanical anisotropy, and magmatism, and we focus on these in a study of the deformation patterns in a thick crustal section (˜5- to 40-km paleodepth) through the Cretaceous Cascades core of the NW Cordillera. This magmatic arc consists of metamorphosed oceanic and arc terranes intruded by magmatic bodies ranging from <10-cm-thick sheets to large plutons. Heterogeneous brittle deformation marked by serpentinite melange characterizes the shallowest part of the crustal section, and the remainder of the section is characterized by heterogeneous, fold-dominated ductile deformation. Early tight to isoclinal recumbent folds and associated axial-planar fabrics are refolded by one or more cycles of nearly coaxial, open to isoclinal, upright to overturned folds. Layering played a mechanically active role during folding at all levels, as indicated by cleavage refraction, boudinaged layers, and kinematic indicators that record fold-related shear. Ductile deformation intensifies in the narrow structural aureoles of plutons, and SW-directed, reverse shear was partitioned into some of the aureoles. The poor strain memory of these magmatic bodies makes it difficult to determine if deformation was focused in the pluton magma chambers before they reached the solidus, as commonly predicted. All of the plutons have magmatic foliations that at least in part reflect regional strains, and these foliations are strong in the deeper plutons. The thinner sheets acted as competent bodies during folding and boudinage, after they reached the solidus, but generally did not cause marked strain gradients in their hosts. A relative strength profile constructed for the Cascades crustal section shows an overall decrease in strength with depth for the ductile part of the arc that fits idealized strength profiles. However, in more detail relative strengths are markedly variable. Units were able to accumulate large ductile strains, but even small variations in the physical properties of interlayered rock types exerted a strong influence on deformation patterns throughout the mid- to deep-crustal part of the profile. This profile thus emphasizes the complex vertical rheological stratification of arcs at the crustal to thin section scale, and should be applicable to many other magmatic arcs.

  14. 23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

  15. 23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

  16. 23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

  17. 23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

  18. 23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

  19. 14 CFR 45.1 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... and registration marking of U.S. registered aircraft. [Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING General § 45.1 Applicability. This part prescribes the requirements for— (a...

  20. 14 CFR 45.1 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... and registration marking of U.S. registered aircraft. [Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING General § 45.1 Applicability. This part prescribes the requirements for— (a...

  1. 14 CFR 45.1 - Applicability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... and registration marking of U.S. registered aircraft. [Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING General § 45.1 Applicability. This part prescribes the requirements for— (a...

  2. The Mark 3 data base handler

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ryan, J. W.; Ma, C.; Schupler, B. R.

    1980-01-01

    A data base handler which would act to tie Mark 3 system programs together is discussed. The data base handler is written in FORTRAN and is implemented on the Hewlett-Packard 21MX and the IBM 360/91. The system design objectives were to (1) provide for an easily specified method of data interchange among programs, (2) provide for a high level of data integrity, (3) accommodate changing requirments, (4) promote program accountability, (5) provide a single source of program constants, and (6) provide a central point for data archiving. The system consists of two distinct parts: a set of files existing on disk packs and tapes; and a set of utility subroutines which allow users to access the information in these files. Users never directly read or write the files and need not know the details of how the data are formatted in the files. To the users, the storage medium is format free. A user does need to know something about the sequencing of his data in the files but nothing about data in which he has no interest.

  3. A validation study of the 1,2-indandione reagent for operational use in the UK: Part 2 - Optimization of processing conditions.

    PubMed

    Nicolasora, Niko; Downham, Rory; Dyer, Rachel-May; Hussey, Laura; Luscombe, Aoife; Sears, Vaughn

    2018-05-02

    This paper contains details of work carried out to identify the most effective processing conditions for the optimized 1,2-indandione/zn formulation developed for use under UK conditions. Using direct measurements of fluorescence taken from test spots of amino acids and eccrine sweat during oven processing, complemented with experiments on real fingermarks, it was established that processing temperatures above 120°C in the oven were detrimental to the fluorescence of the developed mark. Alternative methods of development to oven processing were found to be effective, but less controllable. High levels of humidification were also found to be detrimental to the fluorescence of 1,2-indandione developed marks, and oven processing at 100°C and 0% relative humidity is therefore recommended for further studies. It has also been shown that 1,2-indandione can develop fingermarks at temperatures as low as 20°C, making it a candidate for use at crime scenes. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  4. Eye’m talking to you: speakers’ gaze direction modulates co-speech gesture processing in the right MTG

    PubMed Central

    Toni, Ivan; Hagoort, Peter; Kelly, Spencer D.; Özyürek, Aslı

    2015-01-01

    Recipients process information from speech and co-speech gestures, but it is currently unknown how this processing is influenced by the presence of other important social cues, especially gaze direction, a marker of communicative intent. Such cues may modulate neural activity in regions associated either with the processing of ostensive cues, such as eye gaze, or with the processing of semantic information, provided by speech and gesture. Participants were scanned (fMRI) while taking part in triadic communication involving two recipients and a speaker. The speaker uttered sentences that were and were not accompanied by complementary iconic gestures. Crucially, the speaker alternated her gaze direction, thus creating two recipient roles: addressed (direct gaze) vs unaddressed (averted gaze) recipient. The comprehension of Speech&Gesture relative to SpeechOnly utterances recruited middle occipital, middle temporal and inferior frontal gyri, bilaterally. The calcarine sulcus and posterior cingulate cortex were sensitive to differences between direct and averted gaze. Most importantly, Speech&Gesture utterances, but not SpeechOnly utterances, produced additional activity in the right middle temporal gyrus when participants were addressed. Marking communicative intent with gaze direction modulates the processing of speech–gesture utterances in cerebral areas typically associated with the semantic processing of multi-modal communicative acts. PMID:24652857

  5. Decoupled direct tracking control system based on use of a virtual track for multilayer disk with a separate guide layer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tanaka, Yukinobu; Ogata, Takeshi; Imagawa, Seiji

    2015-09-01

    We developed a decoupled direct tracking control system for multilayer optical disk that uses a separate guide layer. Data marks are recorded on a recording layer immediately above the guide layer by using two spatially separated spots with different wavelengths. Accurate data mark recording requires that the relative positions of the corresponding spots on the recording layer and guide layer are maintained. However, a disk tilt can shift their relative positions and cause previously recorded data marks to be overwritten. Additionally, a two-input/two-output control system is susceptible to mutual interference phenomenon between the two outputs, which can destabilize tracking control. A tracking control system based on use of data marks previously recorded as a virtual track has been developed that prevents spot shifting and mutual interference even if the disk tilt reaches 0.7°, thereby preventing overwriting.

  6. Satellite-marked waterfowl reveal migratory connection between H5N1 outbreak areas in China and Mongolia

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Prosser, D.J.; Takekawa, John Y.; Newman, S.H.; Yan, B.; Douglas, David C.; Hou, Y.; Xing, Z.; Zhang, Dongxiao; Li, T.; Li, Y.; Zhao, D.; Perry, W.M.; Palm, E.C.

    2009-01-01

    The role of wild birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 has been greatly debated and remains an unresolved question. However, analyses to determine involvement of wild birds have been hindered by the lack of basic information on their movements in central Asia. Thus, we initiated a programme to document migrations of waterfowl in Asian flyways to inform hypotheses of H5N1 transmission. As part of this work, we studied migration of waterfowl from Qinghai Lake, China, site of the 2005 H5N1 outbreak in wild birds. We examined the null hypothesis that no direct migratory connection existed between Qinghai Lake and H5N1 outbreak areas in central Mongolia, as suggested by some H5N1 phylogeny studies. We captured individuals in 2007 from two of the species that died in the Qinghai Lake outbreaks and marked them with GPS satellite transmitters: Bar-headed Geese Anser indicus (n = 14) and Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea (n = 11). Three of 25 marked birds (one Goose and two Shelducks) migrated to breeding grounds near H5N1 outbreak areas in Mongolia. Our results describe a previously unknown migratory link between the two regions and offer new critical information on migratory movements in the region. ?? 2009 British Ornithologists' Union.

  7. Application of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to laser marking.

    PubMed

    Parry, Jonathan P; Beck, Rainer J; Shephard, Jonathan D; Hand, Duncan P

    2011-04-20

    Laser marking is demonstrated using a nanosecond (ns) pulse duration laser in combination with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to generate two-dimensional patterns directly onto thin films and bulk metal surfaces. Previous demonstrations of laser marking with such devices have been limited to low average power lasers. Application in the ns regime enables more complex, larger scale marks to be generated with more widely available and industrially proven laser systems. The dynamic nature of the device is utilized to improve mark quality by reducing the impact of the inherently speckled intensity distribution across the generated image and reduce thermal effects in the marked surface. © 2011 Optical Society of America

  8. Waste-minimization opportunity assessment: Naval Undersea Warfare Engineering Station, Keyport, Washington. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The report describes the application of EPA's waste minimization assessment procedures to a torpedo maintenance facility at the Naval Undersea Warfare Engineering Station, Keyport, WA. The assessment focused on the Mark 48 shop and the Mark 46 shop. These shops service the Mark 48 torpedo and the Mark 46 torpedo respectively. The five waste minimization options presented are volume reduction of contaminated clothing, automated cleaning of parts, automated fuel tank draining, modification of the deep sink draining schedule and recycling of mineral spirits.

  9. Monitoring storm tide and flooding from Hurricane Sandy along the Atlantic coast of the United States, October 2012

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    McCallum, Brian E.; Wicklein, Shaun M.; Reiser, Robert G.; Busciolano, Ronald J.; Morrison, Jonathan; Verdi, Richard J.; Painter, Jaime A.; Frantz, Eric R.; Gotvald, Anthony J.

    2013-01-01

    The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) deployed a temporary monitoring network of water-level and barometric pressure sensors at 224 locations along the Atlantic coast from Virginia to Maine to continuously record the timing, areal extent, and magnitude of hurricane storm tide and coastal flooding generated by Hurricane Sandy. These records were greatly supplemented by an extensive post-flood high-water mark (HWM) flagging and surveying campaign from November to December 2012 involving more than 950 HWMs. Both efforts were undertaken as part of a coordinated federal emergency response as outlined by the Stafford Act under a directed mission assignment by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

  10. Statin-induced necrotizing myositis - a discrete autoimmune entity within the "statin-induced myopathy spectrum".

    PubMed

    Hamann, Philip D H; Cooper, Robert G; McHugh, Neil J; Chinoy, Hector

    2013-10-01

    Statin-induced necrotizing myositis is increasingly being recognised as part of the "statin-induced myopathy spectrum". As in other immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies, statin-induced myositis is characterised by proximal muscle weakness with marked serum creatinine kinase elevations and histological evidence of myonecrosis, with little or no inflammatory cell infiltration. Unlike other necrotizing myopathies, statin-induced myopathy is associated with the presence of autoantibodies directed against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- coenzyme A reductase (the enzyme target of statin therapies), and with Human Leukocyte Antigen-DRB1*11. This article summarises the clinical presentation, investigations and management of this rare, but serious complication of statin therapy. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. 75 FR 34946 - Federal Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Final Listing of 2011 Light Duty Truck Lines...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-21

    ...This final rule announces NHTSA's determination that there are no new model year (MY) 2011 light duty truck lines subject to the parts-marking requirements of the Federal motor vehicle theft prevention standard because they have been determined by the agency to be high-theft or because they have a majority of interchangeable parts with those of a passenger motor vehicle line. This final rule also identifies those vehicle lines that have been granted an exemption from the parts-marking requirements because the vehicles are equipped with antitheft devices determined to meet certain statutory criteria.

  12. 76 FR 20251 - Federal Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Final Listing of 2012 Light Duty Truck Lines...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-12

    ...This final rule announces NHTSA's determination that there are no new model year (MY) 2012 light duty truck lines subject to the parts-marking requirements of the Federal motor vehicle theft prevention standard because they have been determined by the agency to be high-theft or because they have a majority of interchangeable parts with those of a passenger motor vehicle line. This final rule also identifies those vehicle lines that have been granted an exemption from the parts-marking requirements because the vehicles are equipped with antitheft devices determined to meet certain statutory criteria.

  13. 78 FR 44030 - Federal Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Final Listing of 2014 Light Duty Truck Lines...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-23

    ...This final rule announces NHTSA's determination that there are no new model year (MY) 2014 light duty truck lines subject to the parts-marking requirements of the Federal motor vehicle theft prevention standard because they have been determined by the agency to be high-theft or because they have a majority of interchangeable parts with those of a passenger motor vehicle line. This final rule also identifies those vehicle lines that have been granted an exemption from the parts-marking requirements because the vehicles are equipped with antitheft devices determined to meet certain statutory criteria.

  14. Industrial Technology Modernization Program. Phase 3 Proposal, Category 1 Project Countermeasures Assembly Improvements

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-05-24

    Tracor INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY MODERNIZATION PROGRAM DTICRt .1ECTE CDJUN07 1989 00 PHASE 3 PROPOSAL CATEGORY 1 PROJECT COUNTERMEASURES ASSEMBLY...package in bin C V_ Put-package back in bin C Put part in plastic bag 0CDV _7 _ ] Seal plastic bag with stapler CDDV _ _- 1 Mark paperwork CDV __ I Peel...part in plastic bag CDV7 Seal plastic bag with stapler C>CDV _ Mark paperwork ~CV_ _ Peel preprinted tag from sheet ~ D Put preprinted tag on plastic

  15. Marking parts to aid robot vision

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bales, J. W.; Barker, L. K.

    1981-01-01

    The premarking of parts for subsequent identification by a robot vision system appears to be beneficial as an aid in the automation of certain tasks such as construction in space. A simple, color coded marking system is presented which allows a computer vision system to locate an object, calculate its orientation, and determine its identity. Such a system has the potential to operate accurately, and because the computer shape analysis problem has been simplified, it has the ability to operate in real time.

  16. Lane marking detection based on waveform analysis and CNN

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ye, Yang Yang; Chen, Hou Jin; Hao, Xiao Li

    2017-06-01

    Lane markings detection is a very important part of the ADAS to avoid traffic accidents. In order to obtain accurate lane markings, in this work, a novel and efficient algorithm is proposed, which analyses the waveform generated from the road image after inverse perspective mapping (IPM). The algorithm includes two main stages: the first stage uses an image preprocessing including a CNN to reduce the background and enhance the lane markings. The second stage obtains the waveform of the road image and analyzes the waveform to get lanes. The contribution of this work is that we introduce local and global features of the waveform to detect the lane markings. The results indicate the proposed method is robust in detecting and fitting the lane markings.

  17. Front lighted optical tooling method and apparatus

    DOEpatents

    Stone, William J.

    1985-06-18

    An optical tooling method and apparatus uses a front lighted shadowgraphic technique to enhance visual contrast of reflected light. The apparatus includes an optical assembly including a fiducial mark, such as cross hairs, reflecting polarized light with a first polarization, a polarizing element backing the fiducial mark and a reflective surface backing the polarizing element for reflecting polarized light bypassing the fiducial mark and traveling through the polarizing element. The light reflected by the reflecting surface is directed through a second pass of the polarizing element toward the frontal direction with a polarization differing from the polarization of the light reflected by the fiducial mark. When used as a tooling target, the optical assembly may be mounted directly to a reference surface or may be secured in a mounting, such as a magnetic mounting. The optical assembly may also be mounted in a plane defining structure and used as a spherometer in conjunction with an optical depth measuring instrument. A method of measuring a radius of curvature of an unknown surface includes positioning the spherometer on a surface between the surface and a depth measuring optical instrument. As the spherometer is frontally illuminated, the distance from the depth measuring instrument to the fiducial mark and the underlying surface are alternately measured and the difference in these measurements is used as the sagittal height to calculate a radius of curvature.

  18. Transportation-markings foundations. Part A, volume I, first studies

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2008-01-01

    This book is about "Transportation-Markings" (hereafter T-M). A T-M can be defined as "any device which aids a mode of transportation (ship, plane, auto, train) by giving guidance, by expressing regulations, or by giving warnings." That includes the ...

  19. The Relationship between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    The essence of the traditional Chinese medicine has always been the most advanced and experienced therapeutic approach in the world. It has knowledge that can impact the direction of future modern medical development; still, it is easy to find simple knowledge with mark of times and special cultures. The basic structure of traditional Chinese medicine is composed of three parts: one consistent with modern medicine, one involuntarily beyond modern medicine, and one that needs to be further evaluated. The part that is consistent with modern medicine includes consensus on several theories and concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, and usage of several treatments and prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine including commonly used Chinese herbs. The part that is involuntarily beyond modern medicine contains several advanced theories and important concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, relatively advanced treatments, formula and modern prescriptions, leading herbs, acupuncture treatment and acupuncture anesthesia of traditional Chinese medicine that affect modern medicine and incorporates massage treatment that has been gradually acknowledged by modern therapy. The part that needs to be further evaluated consists not only the knowledge of pulse diagnosis, prescription, and herbs, but also many other aspects of traditional Chinese medicine. PMID:23983772

  20. Virtual Tool Mark Generation for Efficient Striation Analysis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ekstrand, Laura; Zhang, Song; Grieve, Taylor

    2014-02-16

    This study introduces a tool mark analysis approach based upon 3D scans of screwdriver tip and marked plate surfaces at the micrometer scale from an optical microscope. An open-source 3D graphics software package is utilized to simulate the marking process as the projection of the tip's geometry in the direction of tool travel. The edge of this projection becomes a virtual tool mark that is compared to cross-sections of the marked plate geometry using the statistical likelihood algorithm introduced by Chumbley et al. In a study with both sides of six screwdriver tips and 34 corresponding marks, the method distinguishedmore » known matches from known nonmatches with zero false-positive matches and two false-negative matches. For matches, it could predict the correct marking angle within ±5–10°. Individual comparisons could be made in seconds on a desktop computer, suggesting that the method could save time for examiners.« less

  1. Validation of stereophotogrammetry of the human torso.

    PubMed

    Lee, Juhun; Kawale, Manas; Merchant, Fatima A; Weston, June; Fingeret, Michelle C; Ladewig, Dianne; Reece, Gregory P; Crosby, Melissa A; Beahm, Elisabeth K; Markey, Mia K

    2011-02-15

    The objective of this study was to determine if measurements of breast morphology computed from three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry are equivalent to traditional anthropometric measurements obtained directly on a subject using a tape measure. 3D torso images of 23 women ranged in age from 36 to 63 who underwent or were scheduled for breast reconstruction surgery were obtained using a 3dMD torso system (3Q Technologies Inc., Atlanta, GA). Two different types (contoured and line-of-sight distances) of a total of nine distances were computed from 3D images of each participant. Each participant was photographed twice, first without fiducial points marked (referred to as unmarked image) and second with fiducial points marked prior to imaging (referred to as marked image). Stereophotogrammetry was compared to traditional direct anthropometry, in which measurements were taken with a tape measure on participants. Three statistical analyses were used to evaluate the agreement between stereophotogrammetry and direct anthropometry. Seven out of nine distances showed excellent agreement between stereophotogrammetry and direct anthropometry (both marked and unmarked images). In addition, stereophotogrammetry from the unmarked image was equivalent to that of the marked image (both line-of-sight and contoured distances). A lower level of agreement was observed for some measures because of difficulty in localizing more vaguely defined fiducial points, such as lowest visible point of breast mound, and inability of the imaging system in capturing areas obscured by the breast, such as the inframammary fold. Stereophotogrammetry from 3D images obtained from the 3dMD torso system is effective for quantifying breast morphology. Tools for surgical planning and evaluation based on stereophotogrammetry have the potential to improve breast surgery outcomes.

  2. Multi-planar bending properties of lumbar intervertebral joints following cyclic bending.

    PubMed

    Chow, Daniel H K; Luk, Keith D K; Holmes, Andrew D; Li, Xing-Fei; Tam, Steven C W

    2004-02-01

    To assess the changes in the multi-planar bending properties of intervertebral joints following cyclic bending along different directions. An in vitro biomechanical study using porcine lumbar motion segments. Repeated bending has been suggested as part of the etiology of gradual prolapse of the intervertebral disc, but the multi-planar changes in bending properties following cyclic loading have not been examined in detail. Porcine lumbar motion segments were subject to 1500 cycles of bending along directions of 0 degrees (flexion), 30 degrees, 60 degrees, or 90 degrees (right lateral bending). The multi-planar bending moments and hysteresis energies were recorded before loading and after various cycle numbers. Repeated bending at 30 degrees and 60 degrees resulted in greater decreases in mean bending moment and hysteresis energy than bending at 0 degrees or 90 degrees. No significant differences were seen between loading groups for the change in bending moment along the anterior testing directions, but significant differences were observed in the posterior and lateral testing directions, with bending at 30 degrees causing a significantly greater decrease in bending moment in the postero-lateral directions. The change in mechanical properties of porcine intervertebral joints due to cyclic bending depend on the direction of loading and the direction in which the properties are measured. Loading at 30 degrees provokes the most marked changes in bending moment and hysteresis energy.

  3. Chromatin organization as an indicator of glucocorticoid induced natural killer cell dysfunction.

    PubMed

    Misale, Michael S; Witek Janusek, Linda; Tell, Dina; Mathews, Herbert L

    2018-01-01

    It is well-established that psychological distress reduces natural killer cell immune function and that this reduction can be due to the stress-induced release of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids are known to alter epigenetic marks associated with immune effector loci, and are also known to influence chromatin organization. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of glucocorticoids on natural killer cell chromatin organization and to determine the relationship of chromatin organization to natural killer cell effector function, e.g. interferon gamma production. Interferon gamma production is the prototypic cytokine produced by natural killer cells and is known to modulate both innate and adaptive immunity. Glucocorticoid treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in a significant reduction in interferon gamma production. Glucocorticoid treatment also resulted in a demonstrable natural killer cell nuclear phenotype. This phenotype was localization of the histone, post-translational epigenetic mark, H3K27me3, to the nuclear periphery. Peripheral nuclear localization of H3K27me3 was directly related to cellular levels of interferon gamma. This nuclear phenotype was determined by direct visual inspection and by use of an automated, high through-put technology, the Amnis ImageStream. This technology combines the per-cell information content provided by standard microscopy with the statistical significance afforded by large sample sizes common to standard flow cytometry. Most importantly, this technology provides for a direct assessment of the localization of signal intensity within individual cells. The results demonstrate glucocorticoids to dysregulate natural killer cell function at least in part through altered H3K27me3 nuclear organization and demonstrate H3K27me3 chromatin organization to be a predictive indicator of glucocorticoid induced immune dysregulation of natural killer cells. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Free Electron Laser Induced Forward Transfer Method of Biomaterial for Marking

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Suzuki, Kaoru

    Biomaterial, such as chitosan, poly lactic acid, etc., containing fluorescence agent was deposited onto biology hard tissue, such as teeth, fingernail of dog or cat, or sapphire substrate by free electron laser induced forward transfer method for direct write marking. Spin-coated biomaterial with fluorescence agent of rhodamin-6G or zinc phthalochyamine target on sapphire plate was ablated by free electron laser (resonance absorption wavelength of biomaterial : 3380 nm). The influence of the spin-coating film-forming temperature on hardness and adhesion strength of biomaterial is particularly studied. Effect of resonance excitation of biomaterial target by turning free electron laser was discussed to damage of biomaterial, rhodamin-6G or zinc phtarochyamine for direct write marking

  5. Teaching with Mark Dion

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fusaro, Joe

    2011-01-01

    Mark Dion creates sculptures, installations, and interactive environments that sometimes seem contrary to what one expects from visual artists. Remarkable curiosity cabinets and carefully arranged artifacts from specific places and time periods make up a large part of his work. His work does not neatly fit into traditional lessons about elements…

  6. 9 CFR 590.965 - Returned U.S. inspected and marked products; not importations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    .... Products which have been inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture and so marked, and which are returned from foreign countries are not importations within the meaning of this part. Such returned shipments shall be reported to the Administrator by letter. ...

  7. 9 CFR 590.965 - Returned U.S. inspected and marked products; not importations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    .... Products which have been inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture and so marked, and which are returned from foreign countries are not importations within the meaning of this part. Such returned shipments shall be reported to the Administrator by letter. ...

  8. Cooperative hunting and meat sharing 400–200 kya at Qesem Cave, Israel

    PubMed Central

    Stiner, Mary C.; Barkai, Ran; Gopher, Avi

    2009-01-01

    Zooarchaeological research at Qesem Cave, Israel demonstrates that large-game hunting was a regular practice by the late Lower Paleolithic period. The 400- to 200,000-year-old fallow deer assemblages from this cave provide early examples of prime-age-focused ungulate hunting, a human predator–prey relationship that has persisted into recent times. The meat diet at Qesem centered on large game and was supplemented with tortoises. These hominins hunted cooperatively, and consumption of the highest quality parts of large prey was delayed until the food could be moved to the cave and processed with the aid of blade cutting tools and fire. Delayed consumption of high-quality body parts implies that the meat was shared with other members of the group. The types of cut marks on upper limb bones indicate simple flesh removal activities only. The Qesem cut marks are both more abundant and more randomly oriented than those observed in Middle and Upper Paleolithic cases in the Levant, suggesting that more (skilled and unskilled) individuals were directly involved in cutting meat from the bones at Qesem Cave. Among recent humans, butchering of large animals normally involves a chain of focused tasks performed by one or just a few persons, and butchering guides many of the formalities of meat distribution and sharing that follow. The results from Qesem Cave raise new hypotheses about possible differences in the mechanics of meat sharing between the late Lower Paleolithic and Middle Paleolithic. PMID:19666542

  9. Cooperative hunting and meat sharing 400-200 kya at Qesem Cave, Israel.

    PubMed

    Stiner, Mary C; Barkai, Ran; Gopher, Avi

    2009-08-11

    Zooarchaeological research at Qesem Cave, Israel demonstrates that large-game hunting was a regular practice by the late Lower Paleolithic period. The 400- to 200,000-year-old fallow deer assemblages from this cave provide early examples of prime-age-focused ungulate hunting, a human predator-prey relationship that has persisted into recent times. The meat diet at Qesem centered on large game and was supplemented with tortoises. These hominins hunted cooperatively, and consumption of the highest quality parts of large prey was delayed until the food could be moved to the cave and processed with the aid of blade cutting tools and fire. Delayed consumption of high-quality body parts implies that the meat was shared with other members of the group. The types of cut marks on upper limb bones indicate simple flesh removal activities only. The Qesem cut marks are both more abundant and more randomly oriented than those observed in Middle and Upper Paleolithic cases in the Levant, suggesting that more (skilled and unskilled) individuals were directly involved in cutting meat from the bones at Qesem Cave. Among recent humans, butchering of large animals normally involves a chain of focused tasks performed by one or just a few persons, and butchering guides many of the formalities of meat distribution and sharing that follow. The results from Qesem Cave raise new hypotheses about possible differences in the mechanics of meat sharing between the late Lower Paleolithic and Middle Paleolithic.

  10. Fuel-Air Injection Effects on Combustion in Cavity-Based Flameholders in a Supersonic Flow

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-03-01

    both fuel and air provided additional capability to tune the cavity such that a more stable decentralized flame results. The addition of air...Mark Gruber of AFRL/PRAS and Mr. Mark Hsu of Innovative Scientific Solutions Inc. for both the support and latitude provided to me in this endeavor...addition of direct air injection to cavity combustion. Direct injection of both fuel and air provided additional capability to tune the cavity such that a

  11. The research of laser marking control technology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Qiue; Zhang, Rong

    2009-08-01

    In the area of Laser marking, the general control method is insert control card to computer's mother board, it can not support hot swap, it is difficult to assemble or it. Moreover, the one marking system must to equip one computer. In the system marking, the computer can not to do the other things except to transmit marking digital information. Otherwise it can affect marking precision. Based on traditional control methods existed some problems, introduced marking graphic editing and digital processing by the computer finish, high-speed digital signal processor (DSP) control marking the whole process. The laser marking controller is mainly contain DSP2812, digital memorizer, DAC (digital analog converting) transform unit circuit, USB interface control circuit, man-machine interface circuit, and other logic control circuit. Download the marking information which is processed by computer to U disk, DSP read the information by USB interface on time, then processing it, adopt the DSP inter timer control the marking time sequence, output the scanner control signal by D/A parts. Apply the technology can realize marking offline, thereby reduce the product cost, increase the product efficiency. The system have good effect in actual unit markings, the marking speed is more quickly than PCI control card to 20 percent. It has application value in practicality.

  12. Submersible observations along the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: 1984 Alvin program.

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Normark, William R.; Morton, Janet L.; Ross, Stephanie L.

    1987-01-01

    In September 1984, the research submersible Alvin provided direct observations of three major hydrothermal vent areas along the southernmost segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR). The submersible operations focused on specific volcanologie, structural, and hydrothermal problems that had been identified during the preceding 4 years of photographic, dredging, acoustic imaging, and geophysical studies along a 12-km-long section of the ridge. A continuously maintained (from 1981 to the present) net of seafloor-anchored acoustic transponders allowed the observations from Alvin to be directly tied to all previous U.S. Geological Survey data sets and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration water column surveys from 1984 to the present. The three vent areas studied are the largest of at least six areas identified by previous deep-towed camera surveys that lie within a deep cleft, which marks the axis of symmetry of the JFR in this region. The cleft appears to be the locus of eruption for this segment of the JFR. The vent areas, at least in part, are localized near what appear to be previous volcanic eruptive centers marked by extensive lava lake collapse features adjacent to the cleft at these sites. Each hydrothermal area has several active discharge sites, and sulfide deposits occur as clusters (15–100 m2) of small chimneys, individual large chimneys, or clusters of large branched chimneys. We review the dive program and present a brief synthesis of the geology of the vent sites together with sample and track line compilations.

  13. Evolution of Hsp70 Gene Expression: A Role for Changes in AT-Richness within Promoters

    PubMed Central

    Ma, Ronghui; Zhang, Bo; Kang, Le

    2011-01-01

    In disparate organisms adaptation to thermal stress has been linked to changes in the expression of genes encoding heat-shock proteins (Hsp). The underlying genetics, however, remain elusive. We show here that two AT-rich sequence elements in the promoter region of the hsp70 gene of the fly Liriomyza sativae that are absent in the congeneric species, Liriomyza huidobrensis, have marked cis-regulatory consequences. We studied the cis-regulatory consequences of these elements (called ATRS1 and ATRS2) by measuring the constitutive and heat-shock-induced luciferase luminescence that they drive in cells transfected with constructs carrying them modified, deleted, or intact, in the hsp70 promoter fused to the luciferase gene. The elements affected expression level markedly and in different ways: Deleting ATRS1 augmented both the constitutive and the heat-shock-induced luminescence, suggesting that this element represses transcription. Interestingly, replacing the element with random sequences of the same length and A+T content delivered the wild-type luminescence pattern, proving that the element's high A+T content is crucial for its effects. Deleting ATRS2 decreased luminescence dramatically and almost abolished heat-shock inducibility and so did replacing the element with random sequences matching the element's length and A+T content, suggesting that ATRS2's effects on transcription and heat-shock inducibility involve a common mechanism requiring at least in part the element's specific primary structure. Finally, constitutive and heat-shock luminescence were reduced strongly when two putative binding sites for the Zeste transcription factor identified within ATRS2 were altered through site-directed mutagenesis, and the heat-shock-induced luminescence increased when Zeste was over-expressed, indicating that Zeste participates in the effects mapped to ATRS2 at least in part. AT-rich sequences are common in promoters and our results suggest that they should play important roles in regulatory evolution since they can affect expression markedly and constrain promoter DNA in at least two different ways. PMID:21655251

  14. Labelling Of Textile Products From The Perspective Of Quality, Maintenance, Safety And Environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Draxlerová, Mária; Rusko, Miroslav; Kuracina, Marcel

    2015-06-01

    Fundamental right of all consumers is the availability of necessary information to protect their own health. Information should be obtained from the marks referred to the product which they come into contact with. Marks are integral parts of everyone's life. We can see various types of marks at home, in stores and everywhere around us. Symbols indicate to the consumer the importance assigned to them in an opinion system (labelling scheme).

  15. The Mark III Hypercube-Ensemble Computers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Peterson, John C.; Tuazon, Jesus O.; Lieberman, Don; Pniel, Moshe

    1988-01-01

    Mark III Hypercube concept applied in development of series of increasingly powerful computers. Processor of each node of Mark III Hypercube ensemble is specialized computer containing three subprocessors and shared main memory. Solves problem quickly by simultaneously processing part of problem at each such node and passing combined results to host computer. Disciplines benefitting from speed and memory capacity include astrophysics, geophysics, chemistry, weather, high-energy physics, applied mechanics, image processing, oil exploration, aircraft design, and microcircuit design.

  16. 46 CFR 131.210 - Hulls.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hulls. 131.210 Section 131.210 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 131.210 Hulls. The hull of each vessel must be marked as required by parts 67 and 69 of this chapter. ...

  17. 49 CFR Appendix C to Part 564 - Information Applicable to Standardized Sealed Beam Headlamp Units

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Standardized Sealed Beam Unit. A. Dimensions marked “I”, indicating interchangeability, for which conformance is mandatory. B. All other dimensions which are for design purposes. II. Dimensional Information... Sealed Beam Unit A. Dimensions marked “I”, indicating interchangeability, for which conformance is...

  18. 14 CFR 103.7 - Certification and registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... registration. (a) Notwithstanding any other section pertaining to certification of aircraft or their parts or... registration and marking of aircraft, ultralight vehicles are not required to be registered or to bear markings... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Certification and registration. 103.7...

  19. 14 CFR 103.7 - Certification and registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... registration. (a) Notwithstanding any other section pertaining to certification of aircraft or their parts or... registration and marking of aircraft, ultralight vehicles are not required to be registered or to bear markings... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Certification and registration. 103.7...

  20. 14 CFR 103.7 - Certification and registration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... registration. (a) Notwithstanding any other section pertaining to certification of aircraft or their parts or... registration and marking of aircraft, ultralight vehicles are not required to be registered or to bear markings... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Certification and registration. 103.7...

  1. Marking Tests to Certify Part Identification Processes for Use in Low Earth Orbit

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Roxby, D. L.

    2015-01-01

    The primary purpose for the MISSE marking tests was to define Data Matrix symbol marking processes that will remain readable after exposure to Low Earth Orbit environments. A wide range of different Data Matrix symbol marking processes and materials, including some still under development, were evaluated. The samples flown on MISSE 1 and 2 were in orbit for 3 years and 348 days, MISSE 3 and 4 were in orbit for 1 year and 15 days, MISSE 6 was in orbit for 1 year and 130 days, and MISSE 8 was in orbit for 2 years and 55 days. The initial MISSE marking tests clearly reflected that intrusive marking processes can be successfully used for this purpose. All of the intrusive marking processes tested exceeded program expectations and met 100 percent of the principle investigators objectives. However, subsequent tests demonstrated that some additive marking processes will also satisfy the requirements. This was an unexpected result.

  2. You are what you eat: influence of type and amount of food consumed on central dopamine systems and the behavioral effects of direct- and indirect-acting dopamine receptor agonists.

    PubMed

    Baladi, Michelle G; Daws, Lynette C; France, Charles P

    2012-07-01

    The important role of dopamine (DA) in mediating feeding behavior and the positive reinforcing effects of some drugs is well recognized. Less widely studied is how feeding conditions might impact the sensitivity of drugs acting on DA systems. Food restriction, for example, has often been the focus of aging and longevity studies; however, other studies have demonstrated that mild food restriction markedly increases sensitivity to direct- and indirect-acting DA receptor agonists. Moreover, it is becoming clear that not only the amount of food, but the type of food, is an important factor in modifying the effects of drugs. Given the increased consumption of high fat and sugary foods, studies are exploring how consumption of highly palatable food impacts DA neurochemistry and the effects of drugs acting on these systems. For example, eating high fat chow increases sensitivity to some behavioral effects of direct- as well as indirect-acting DA receptor agonists. A compelling mechanistic possibility is that central DA pathways that mediate the effects of some drugs are regulated by one or more of the endocrine hormones (e.g. insulin) that undergo marked changes during food restriction or after consuming high fat or sugary foods. Although traditionally recognized as an important signaling molecule in regulating energy homeostasis, insulin can also regulate DA neurochemistry. Because direct- and indirect-acting DA receptor drugs are used therapeutically and some are abused, a better understanding of how food intake impacts response to these drugs would likely facilitate improved treatment of clinical disorders and provide information that would be relevant to the causes of vulnerability to abuse drugs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Central Control of Food Intake'. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Using SpaceClaimTD Direct for Modeling Components with Complex Geometries for the Thermal Desktop-Based Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator Model

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fabanich, William A., Jr.

    2014-01-01

    SpaceClaim/TD Direct has been used extensively in the development of the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) thermal model. This paper outlines the workflow for that aspect of the task and includes proposed best practices and lessons learned. The ASRG thermal model was developed to predict component temperatures and power output and to provide insight into the prime contractor's thermal modeling efforts. The insulation blocks, heat collectors, and cold side adapter flanges (CSAFs) were modeled with this approach. The model was constructed using mostly TD finite difference (FD) surfaces/solids. However, some complex geometry could not be reproduced with TD primitives while maintaining the desired degree of geometric fidelity. Using SpaceClaim permitted the import of original CAD files and enabled the defeaturing/repair of those geometries. TD Direct (a SpaceClaim add-on from CRTech) adds features that allowed the "mark-up" of that geometry. These so-called "mark-ups" control how finite element (FE) meshes are to be generated through the "tagging" of features (e.g. edges, solids, surfaces). These tags represent parameters that include: submodels, material properties, material orienters, optical properties, and radiation analysis groups. TD aliases were used for most tags to allow analysis to be performed with a variety of parameter values. "Domain-tags" were also attached to individual and groups of surfaces and solids to allow them to be used later within TD to populate objects like, for example, heaters and contactors. These tools allow the user to make changes to the geometry in SpaceClaim and then easily synchronize the mesh in TD without having to redefine the objects each time as one would if using TDMesher. The use of SpaceClaim/TD Direct helps simplify the process for importing existing geometries and in the creation of high fidelity FE meshes to represent complex parts. It also saves time and effort in the subsequent analysis.

  4. Using SpaceClaim/TD Direct for Modeling Components with Complex Geometries for the Thermal Desktop-Based Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator Model

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fabanich, William

    2014-01-01

    SpaceClaim/TD Direct has been used extensively in the development of the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) thermal model. This paper outlines the workflow for that aspect of the task and includes proposed best practices and lessons learned. The ASRG thermal model was developed to predict component temperatures and power output and to provide insight into the prime contractors thermal modeling efforts. The insulation blocks, heat collectors, and cold side adapter flanges (CSAFs) were modeled with this approach. The model was constructed using mostly TD finite difference (FD) surfaces solids. However, some complex geometry could not be reproduced with TD primitives while maintaining the desired degree of geometric fidelity. Using SpaceClaim permitted the import of original CAD files and enabled the defeaturing repair of those geometries. TD Direct (a SpaceClaim add-on from CRTech) adds features that allowed the mark-up of that geometry. These so-called mark-ups control how finite element (FE) meshes were generated and allowed the tagging of features (e.g. edges, solids, surfaces). These tags represent parameters that include: submodels, material properties, material orienters, optical properties, and radiation analysis groups. TD aliases were used for most tags to allow analysis to be performed with a variety of parameter values. Domain-tags were also attached to individual and groups of surfaces and solids to allow them to be used later within TD to populate objects like, for example, heaters and contactors. These tools allow the user to make changes to the geometry in SpaceClaim and then easily synchronize the mesh in TD without having to redefine these objects each time as one would if using TD Mesher.The use of SpaceClaim/TD Direct has helped simplify the process for importing existing geometries and in the creation of high fidelity FE meshes to represent complex parts. It has also saved time and effort in the subsequent analysis.

  5. Residual contamination and corrosion on electrochemically marked uranium

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seals, R. D.; Bullock, J. S.; Cristy, S. S.; Bennett, R. K.

    Residual contamination and potential corrosion problems on uranium parts electrochemically marked with PHB-1 and PHB-1E electroetchants have been investigated using ion microprobe mass analysis (IMMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and light microscopy (LM). The effectiveness of various solvent-cleaning sequences and the influence of the use of an abrasive cleaner were evaluated. The corrosion depths and chlorine distributions resulting from the electroetching process were determined. To meet the objective, the surfaces of uranium coupons, which had been processed according to production procedures for parts, i.e., machining, cleaning, marking, inspecting and coating with Shell Vitrea-29® oil, were studied. The greater surface wetting capability of the PHB-1E electroetchant solution relative to PHB-1 resulted in less localized corrosion at the point of attack which provided a more legible mark. Components of the electroetchants (aluminum, potassium and chromium) were found in the marked areas of both types of electroetched samples. Chromium, resulting from the corrosion inhibitor in the electroetchants, was found in the etched areas as well as on the coupon away from the electroetched areas. Depth profile data indicated that the major etching action (marking thickness) of the electroetchants penetrated to a depth of approximately 200 nm. Trace amounts of chlorine were present primarily within the first 65 nm of the marked surface. Comparison of the solvent rinsing sequences revealed that the most effective cleaning process included a degreaser, such as perchloroethylene, followed by a polar solvent, such as alcohol. Evaluation of the use of an abrasive cleaner on the electroetched areas indicates that this process removed residual contaminants, increased mark legibility and did not introduce significant residuals from the abrading material or cause significant surface damage.

  6. 78 FR 42051 - 36(b)(1) Arms Sales Notification

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-15

    ... Services under Consideration for Purchase: 30 Mark V patrol boats, 32 27mm guns, spare and repair parts... guns, spare and repair parts, support equipment, personnel training and training [[Page 42053...

  7. Magnetic fabric and flow direction in basaltic Pahoehoe lava of Xitle volcano, Mexico

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cañón-Tapia, Edgardo; Walker, George P. L.; Herrero-Bervera, Emilio

    1995-05-01

    We sampled five basaltic lava flow-units from Xitle volcano, Mexico City, to study the variation of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility within their cooling boundaries. We find that the mean maximum susceptibility parallels the geologically-inferred flow direction in the units that were emplaced on a steeper slope, whereas for those on a negligible slope the mean intermediate susceptibility points in the flow direction. We propose, however, that the maximum susceptibility always points in the direction of local movement, and that a change in slope produces a deviation of the local motion from that of the unit as a whole. The axis of susceptibility closest to the geologically-inferred flow direction usually plunges upflow in the basal part of the flow unit, comprising an imbrication which clearly marks the flow azimuth of the lava. Thus, the scenario of emplacement may influence the results in a predictable way. We suggest that the degree of anisotropy could bear a direct relationship to either the viscosity of the lava, the morphology of the flows or both, based on a comparison with lavas from Azufre (Argentina) and Ko'olau (O'ahu) volcanoes. Also, we suggest that the shape of the susceptibility ellipsoid may be related to the degree of internal deformation of the lava flows. We also compare the two methods currently available to calculate regions of confidence around the mean principal susceptibilities.

  8. Mark F. Davis | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    | 303-384-6140 Orcid ID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4541-9852 Research Interests Dr. Mark Davis is the years, he has served as the Platform Program Manager for Thermochemical and has directed research Science Center, including high throughput recalcitrance assays, omics research, computational modeling

  9. 46 CFR 160.057-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (15 Minutes) § 160.057-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... with the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal (15...

  10. 46 CFR 160.022-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (5 Minutes) § 160.022-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal”, name and...

  11. 46 CFR 160.057-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (15 Minutes) § 160.057-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... with the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal (15...

  12. 46 CFR 160.022-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (5 Minutes) § 160.022-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal”, name and...

  13. 46 CFR 160.022-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (5 Minutes) § 160.022-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal”, name and...

  14. 46 CFR 160.022-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (5 Minutes) § 160.022-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal”, name and...

  15. 46 CFR 160.057-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (15 Minutes) § 160.057-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... with the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal (15...

  16. 46 CFR 160.022-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (5 Minutes) § 160.022-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal”, name and...

  17. 46 CFR 160.057-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (15 Minutes) § 160.057-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... with the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal (15...

  18. 46 CFR 160.057-5 - Marking.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signals (15 Minutes) § 160.057-5 Marking. (a) Directions for use. Each floating orange smoke distress signal shall be plainly and indelibly... with the commercial designation of the signal, the words “Floating Orange Smoke Distress Signal (15...

  19. 46 CFR 162.060-22 - Marking requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... effects of normal wear and tear and exposure to water, salt spray, direct sunlight, heat, cold, and any...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Ballast Water Management Systems § 162.060-22 Marking requirements. (a) Each ballast water management system (BWMS) manufactured under Coast Guard approval must have...

  20. 46 CFR 162.060-22 - Marking requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... effects of normal wear and tear and exposure to water, salt spray, direct sunlight, heat, cold, and any...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Ballast Water Management Systems § 162.060-22 Marking requirements. (a) Each ballast water management system (BWMS) manufactured under Coast Guard approval must have...

  1. 46 CFR 162.060-22 - Marking requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... effects of normal wear and tear and exposure to water, salt spray, direct sunlight, heat, cold, and any...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Ballast Water Management Systems § 162.060-22 Marking requirements. (a) Each ballast water management system (BWMS) manufactured under Coast Guard approval must have...

  2. THE MARK I BUSINESS SYSTEM SIMULATION MODEL

    DTIC Science & Technology

    of a large-scale business simulation model as a vehicle for doing research in management controls. The major results of the program were the...development of the Mark I business simulation model and the Simulation Package (SIMPAC). SIMPAC is a method and set of programs facilitating the construction...of large simulation models. The object of this document is to describe the Mark I Corporation model, state why parts of the business were modeled as they were, and indicate the research applications of the model. (Author)

  3. The Dubai Community Psychiatric Survey. IV. Life events, chronic difficulties and psychiatric morbidity.

    PubMed

    Bebbington, P; Hamdi, E; Ghubash, R

    1998-10-01

    The relationship between life events, chronic social difficulties and psychiatric morbidity was investigated in 297 women selected at random as part of the Dubai Community Psychiatric Survey. The PSE-ID-CATEGO system was used to identify psychiatric cases, based on an Index of Definition level of 5 or more. Life events in the 6-month period prior to illness or interview were elicited through the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Chronic difficulties were explored through direct questioning based on a list of possible problems. The study demonstrates a significant excess of marked and moderately threatening life events in acute cases of psychiatric disorder (50%) compared to chronic cases (16.7%) and non-cases (27.9%). The association was particularly marked for events in the 3-month period before the onset. Around 33% of psychiatric morbidity may be attributed to marked and moderately threatening life events. Rates for mild events were similar in the three groups of subjects. Subjects experiencing chronic social difficulties included a significantly higher proportion of cases (33.3%) than those who did not experience such difficulties (9.1%). The effect of chronic social difficulties was more pronounced than, and independent of, the effects of life events. There were no interactions between life events and vulnerability factors in their effect on psychiatric morbidity, although numbers were small. The results suggest that the overall influence of life events and chronic difficulties on psychiatric morbidity is commensurate with that in Western societies, despite the different coping traditions of Islam.

  4. Scale Marking Method on the Circumference of Circle Elements for Astronomical Instruments in the Early Joseon Dynasty

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mihn, Byeong-Hee; Lee, Ki-Won; Ahn, Young Sook; Lee, Yong Sam

    2015-03-01

    During the reign of King Sejong (世宗, 1418-1450) in the Joseon Dynasty, there were lots of astronomical instruments, including miniaturized ones. Those instruments utilized the technical know-how acquired through building contemporary astronomical instruments previously developed in the Song(宋), Jin(金), and Yuan(元) dynasties of China. In those days, many astronomical instruments had circles, rings, and spheres carved with a scale of 365.25, 100, and 24 parts, respectively, on their circumference. These were called the celestial-circumference degree, hundred-interval (Baekgak), and 24 direction, respectively. These scales are marked by the angular distance, not by the angle. Therefore, these circles, rings, and spheres had to be optimized in size to accomodate proper scales. Assuming that the scale system is composed of integer multiples of unit length, we studied the sizes of circles by referring to old articles and investigating existing artifacts. We discovered that the star chart of Cheonsang yeolcha bunyajido was drawn with a royal standard ruler (周尺) based on the unit length of 207 mm. Interestingly, its circumference was marked by the unit scale of 3 puns per 1 du (or degree) like Honsang (a celestial globe). We also found that Hyeonju ilgu (a equatorial sundial) has a Baekgak disk on a scale of 1 pun per 1 gak (that is an interval of time similar to a quarter). This study contributes to the analysis of specifications of numerous circular elements from old Korean astronomical instruments.

  5. Embedding ecosystem services into the Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Illustrated by eutrophication in the North Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    O'Higgins, T. G.; Gilbert, A. J.

    2014-03-01

    The introduction of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) with its focus on an Ecosystem Approach places an emphasis on the human dimensions of environmental problems. Human activities may be the source of marine degradation, but may also be adversely affected should degradation compromise the provision of ecosystem services. The MSFD marks a shift away from management aiming to restore past, undegraded states toward management for Good Environmental Status (GEnS) based on delivery of marine goods and services. An example relating ecosystem services to criteria for Good Environmental Status is presented for eutrophication, a long recognised problem in many parts of Europe's seas and specifically targeted by descriptors for GEnS. Taking the North Sea as a case study the relationships between the eutrophication criteria of the MSFD and final and intermediate marine ecosystem services are examined. Ecosystem services are valued, where possible in monetary terms, in order to illustrate how eutrophication affects human welfare (economic externalities) through its multiple effects on ecosystem services.

  6. Re-conceptualizing the origins of life

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Walker, Sara I.; Packard, N.; Cody, G. D.

    2017-11-01

    Over the last several hundred years of scientific progress, we have arrived at a deep understanding of the non-living world. We have not yet achieved an analogous, deep understanding of the living world. The origins of life is our best chance at discovering scientific laws governing life, because it marks the point of departure from the predictable physical and chemical world to the novel, history-dependent living world. This theme issue aims to explore ways to build a deeper understanding of the nature of biology, by modelling the origins of life on a sufficiently abstract level, starting from prebiotic conditions on Earth and possibly on other planets and bridging quantitative frameworks approaching universal aspects of life. The aim of the editors is to stimulate new directions for solving the origins of life. The present introduction represents the point of view of the editors on some of the most promising future directions. This article is part of the themed issue 'Reconceptualizing the origins of life'.

  7. 14 CFR 23.1547 - Magnetic direction indicator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Magnetic direction indicator. 23.1547... Limitations and Information Markings and Placards § 23.1547 Magnetic direction indicator. (a) A placard meeting the requirements of this section must be installed on or near the magnetic direction indicator. (b...

  8. 14 CFR 25.1547 - Magnetic direction indicator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Magnetic direction indicator. 25.1547... Markings and Placards § 25.1547 Magnetic direction indicator. (a) A placard meeting the requirements of this section must be installed on, or near, the magnetic direction indicator. (b) The placard must show...

  9. 14 CFR 29.1547 - Magnetic direction indicator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Magnetic direction indicator. 29.1547... Markings and Placards § 29.1547 Magnetic direction indicator. (a) A placard meeting the requirements of this section must be installed on or near the magnetic direction indicator. (b) The placard must show...

  10. 14 CFR 25.1547 - Magnetic direction indicator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Magnetic direction indicator. 25.1547... Markings and Placards § 25.1547 Magnetic direction indicator. (a) A placard meeting the requirements of this section must be installed on, or near, the magnetic direction indicator. (b) The placard must show...

  11. 14 CFR 29.1547 - Magnetic direction indicator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Magnetic direction indicator. 29.1547... Markings and Placards § 29.1547 Magnetic direction indicator. (a) A placard meeting the requirements of this section must be installed on or near the magnetic direction indicator. (b) The placard must show...

  12. 14 CFR 23.1547 - Magnetic direction indicator.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Magnetic direction indicator. 23.1547... Limitations and Information Markings and Placards § 23.1547 Magnetic direction indicator. (a) A placard meeting the requirements of this section must be installed on or near the magnetic direction indicator. (b...

  13. KSC-03pd0320

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2003-02-10

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers inside the RLV Hangar at KSC help place grid marks on the floor. The hangar is being readied to receive the parts of Columbia recovered after the tragic accident that also claimed the seven lives of the crew. The grid marks will help with reconstruction of Columbia to the extent possible and final disposition.

  14. 46 CFR 69.177 - Markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... part of the load line grid: (i) Vessels assigned only one gross and one net tonnage under § 69.175(c... mark. A vessel assigned two gross and two net tonnages which has more than one deck and no load line... in either a light color on a dark background or a dark color on a light background. ...

  15. 46 CFR 69.177 - Markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... part of the load line grid: (i) Vessels assigned only one gross and one net tonnage under § 69.175(c... mark. A vessel assigned two gross and two net tonnages which has more than one deck and no load line... in either a light color on a dark background or a dark color on a light background. ...

  16. 46 CFR 69.177 - Markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... part of the load line grid: (i) Vessels assigned only one gross and one net tonnage under § 69.175(c... mark. A vessel assigned two gross and two net tonnages which has more than one deck and no load line... in either a light color on a dark background or a dark color on a light background. ...

  17. 46 CFR 69.177 - Markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... part of the load line grid: (i) Vessels assigned only one gross and one net tonnage under § 69.175(c... mark. A vessel assigned two gross and two net tonnages which has more than one deck and no load line... in either a light color on a dark background or a dark color on a light background. ...

  18. On the Syntax/Semantics of Korean Nominal Particles

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chung, Han-Byul

    2016-01-01

    In this dissertation, I investigate the structural positions of "i/ka"-marked DPs and "un/nun"-marked DPs in the light of Kratzer (1988; 1995) and Diesing (1990; 1992). In Korean, unlike German (and English in part), vP-external subjects and vP-internal subjects are not distinguishable at the surface. However, by adopting…

  19. Telecollaborative Desktop-Videoconferencing Exchange: The Case of Mark

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martin, Véronique

    2014-01-01

    This presentation is a case study of the Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) development of Mark, one of ten American students engaged in a desktop-videoconferencing telecollaborative exchange with a class of French students. Due in part to its inherent complexity, this context has not been widely researched. To observe ICC development, I…

  20. International Conference: Paraoxonases - Basic and Clinical Directions of Current Research (1st) Held in Ann Arbor, Michigan on April 22-24, 2004

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-04-01

    cholesterol lowering by simvastatin and atorvastatin Mark Roest, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Population-based and family studies suggest an...lowering by simvastatin and atorvastatin * Mark ROEST, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands 20. Study of factors influencing the decreased paraoxonase...lowering by simvastatin and atorvastatin . Mark Roest1 , Thomas van Himbergen1, 2, Jacqueline de Graaf 2, Hiroaki Hattori 3, John Kastelein4

  1. 15 CFR 1150.2 - Prohibitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARKING OF TOY, LOOK-ALIKE AND IMITATION FIREARMS § 1150.2 Prohibitions... imitation firearm (“device”) covered by this part as set forth in § 1150.1 of this part unless such device...

  2. Cybersecurity: What you need to know

    ScienceCinema

    Mark Graff

    2017-12-09

    In the first part of a three part video series with Mark Graff, LLNL's Chief Cybersecurity Strategist, he describes how your computer is threatened whenever you receive email, or use your browser to log onto the Internet.

  3. The Acquisition of Evidentiality and Source Monitoring

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ozturk, Ozge; Papafragou, Anna

    2016-01-01

    Evidentiality in language marks how information contained in a sentence was acquired. For instance, Turkish has two past-tense morphemes that mark whether access to information was direct (typically, perception) or indirect (hearsay/inference). Full acquisition of evidential systems appears to be a late achievement cross-linguistically. Currently,…

  4. Dispersal of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis, and the engraver beetle, Ips perturbatus, in Alaska.

    Treesearch

    Richard A. Werner; Edward H. Holsten

    1997-01-01

    Mark-release-recapture experiments were performed with spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) and Ips engraver beetles (Ips perturbatus (Eichhoff)) to determine distance and direction of dispersal. The recapture rate of beetles marked with fluorescent powder was extremely low. Most I. perturbatus...

  5. The Processing of Case in Near-Native Spanish

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jegerski, Jill

    2015-01-01

    This article reports a study that sought to determine whether non-native sentence comprehension can show sensitivity to two different types of Spanish case marking. Sensitivity to case violations was generally more robust with indirect objects in ditransitive constructions than with differential object marking of animate direct objects, even among…

  6. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Blankenship, H.Lee; Thompson, Dan; United States. Bonneville Power Administration. Division of Fish and Wildlife

    The first year of work with development of lasers as a mass marking technique provided both disappointing and encouraging results. A Coumarin Dye 480 laser was used to mark coho salmon in a variety of body locations and with varying energy levels. A ``bleached`` white mark was made void of any pigment. Areas marked included the nape area behind the head and in front of the dorsal fin, slightly above the anal fin, the upper lobe of the caudal fin, the dorsal fin and on the operculum. The mark appeared immediately after being lasered but started to gradually fade aftermore » one month and was fairly completely re-pigmented after three months. Complete removal and notching of the adipose fin was also attempted with a Carbon Dioxide laser. This surgical method of fin removal appears to have advantages over scissor excision (no bleeding or regeneration), and has possible application as part of a device or system which could be employed for mass marking.« less

  7. Embryonic development of pleuropodia of the cicada, Magicicada cassini

    PubMed Central

    Strauß, Johannes; Lakes-Harlan, Reinhard

    2006-01-01

    In many insects the first abdominal segment possesses embryonic appendages called pleuropodia. Here we show the embryogenesis of pleuropodial cells of the periodical cicada, Magicicada cassini (Fisher 1851) (Insecta, Homoptera, Cicadidae). An antibody, anti-horseradish perioxidase (HRP), that is usually neuron-specific strongly marked the pleuropodial anlagen and revealed their ectodermal origin shortly after limb bud formation. Thereafter the cells sank into the epidermis and their apical parts enlarged. A globular part protruded from the body wall. Filamentous structures were marked at the stem region and into the apical dilation. In later embryonic stages the pleuropodia degenerated. Despite the binding of anti-HRP the cells had no morphological neuronal characters and cannot be regarded as neurons. The binding indicates that glycosylated cell surface molecules contribute to the adhesion between the presumably glandular pleuropodial cells. In comparison, anti-HRP does not mark the pleuropodia of Orthoptera. PMID:19537987

  8. Artillery ammunition marking tests

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Weil, B.S.; Lewis, J.C.

    1995-04-01

    This report describes the testing results of two approaches being considered for marking ink artillery ammunition with machine-readable data symbols. The first approach used ink-jet printing directly onto projectiles, and the second approach employed thermal-transfer printing onto self-adhesive labels that are subsequently applied automatically to projectiles. The objectives of this evaluation for each marking technology were to (1) determine typical system performance characteristics using the best commercially available equipment and (2) identify any special requirements necessary for handling ammunition when these technologies are employed.

  9. Feasibility of laser marking in Barrett's esophagus with volumetric laser endomicroscopy: first-in-man pilot study.

    PubMed

    Swager, Anne-Fré; de Groof, Albert J; Meijer, Sybren L; Weusten, Bas L; Curvers, Wouter L; Bergman, Jacques J

    2017-09-01

    Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) provides a circumferential scan of the esophageal wall layers and has potential to improve detection of neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE). The novel VLE laser marking system enables direct in vivo marking of suspicious areas as identified on VLE. These laser marked areas can subsequently be targeted for biopsies. The aim was to evaluate the visibility and positional accuracy of laser marks (LMs) in different esophageal tissue types on white light endoscopy (WLE) and VLE. Patients with BE with or without neoplasia underwent imaging with VLE. Protocol refinements were practiced in a learning phase. In the second phase, visibility of LMs was assessed by random marking in squamous, BE, and gastric tissue. In phase 3, positional accuracy of the LMs was tested by identifying and laser marking surrogate targets (endoscopically placed cautery marks). In the final phase, the most suspicious areas for neoplasia were identified in each patient using VLE, targeted by LMs, and biopsy samples subsequently obtained. Sixteen patients with BE were included (14 men; median age, 68 years), 1 of whom was included twice in different study phases. Worst histologic diagnoses were 9 non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE), 3 low-grade dysplasia (LGD), 4 high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and 1 early adenocarcinoma (EAC). In total, 222 LMs were placed, of which 97% was visible on WLE. All LMs were visible on VLE directly after marking, and 86% could be confirmed during post hoc analysis. LM targeting was successful with positional accuracy in 85% of cautery marks. Inaccurate targeting was caused by system errors or difficult cautery mark visualization on VLE. In the final phase (5 patients), 18 areas suspicious on VLE were identified, which were all successfully targeted by LMs (3 EAC, 3 HGD, 1 LGD, and 11 NDBE). Mean VLE procedure time was 22 minutes (±6 minutes standard deviation); mean endoscopy time was 56 minutes (±17 minutes). No adverse events were reported. This first-in-human study of VLE-guided laser marking was found to be feasible and safe in 17 procedures. Most LMs were visible on WLE and VLE. Targeting VLE areas of interest proved to be highly successful. VLE-guided laser marking may improve the detection and delineation of Barrett's neoplasia in the future. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Fluctuating survival selection explains variation in avian group size.

    PubMed

    Brown, Charles R; Brown, Mary Bomberger; Roche, Erin A; O'Brien, Valerie A; Page, Catherine E

    2016-05-03

    Most animal groups vary extensively in size. Because individuals in certain sizes of groups often have higher apparent fitness than those in other groups, why wide group size variation persists in most populations remains unexplained. We used a 30-y mark-recapture study of colonially breeding cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) to show that the survival advantages of different colony sizes fluctuated among years. Colony size was under both stabilizing and directional selection in different years, and reversals in the sign of directional selection regularly occurred. Directional selection was predicted in part by drought conditions: birds in larger colonies tended to be favored in cooler and wetter years, and birds in smaller colonies in hotter and drier years. Oscillating selection on colony size likely reflected annual differences in food availability and the consequent importance of information transfer, and/or the level of ectoparasitism, with the net benefit of sociality varying under these different conditions. Averaged across years, there was no net directional change in selection on colony size. The wide range in cliff swallow group size is probably maintained by fluctuating survival selection and represents the first case, to our knowledge, in which fitness advantages of different group sizes regularly oscillate over time in a natural vertebrate population.

  11. The MCQ in the primary FRCS(Eng).

    PubMed Central

    Lumley, J. S.; Browne, P. D.; Elcock, N. J.

    1984-01-01

    Analysis of the primary fellowship results showed that on average candidates were scoring a significantly higher mark in the MCQ than in the essay or viva. The level of MCQ marking has therefore been reset to the standards of the other parts of the examination. The need for continually monitoring the results of all examinations is emphasised. PMID:6508170

  12. The MCQ in the primary FRCS(Eng).

    PubMed

    Lumley, J S; Browne, P D; Elcock, N J

    1984-11-01

    Analysis of the primary fellowship results showed that on average candidates were scoring a significantly higher mark in the MCQ than in the essay or viva. The level of MCQ marking has therefore been reset to the standards of the other parts of the examination. The need for continually monitoring the results of all examinations is emphasised.

  13. Chemotherapy of Rodent Malaria. Part 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-10-01

    to produce exaggerated resistance factors (I 90 values). For example, the ED of chloroquine against the artemisinin 90 resistant ART strain...primaquine, quinine, cinchonine, quinidine, mefloquine, halofantrine, artemisinin , pyronaridine, mepacrine and Mannich bases (such as WR 228258). It is...RC. It is markedly resistant to primaquine and possesses slight cross-resistance to quinidine, mefloquine, artemisinin . There is also a marked cross

  14. Identification System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    Under a NASA Space Act Agreement with Marshall Space Flight Center, Symbology Research Center commercialized a new method of identifying products with invisible and virtually indestructible markings. This digital data matrix technology was developed at Marshall Space Flight Center to identify the millions of parts that comprise space shuttles. The laser-etched markings are seen as the next generation of product "bar codes."

  15. Two Future Ready Librarians Explore Advocacy in and outside of the Library

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller, Shannon McClintock; Ray, Mark

    2018-01-01

    As part of the national Future Ready Librarians initiative at the Alliance for Excellent Education, Mark Ray and Shannon McClintock Miller serve as national advocates for school library programs and librarians. Mark and Shannon began their library advocacy careers in school libraries. For eight years, Shannon was the district librarian in Van…

  16. Assessment, Marking and Feedback: Understanding the Lecturers' Perspective

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Norton, Lin; Norton, Bill; Sadler, Ian

    2012-01-01

    This study is part of a larger research project originally funded by the Write Now CETL looking at assessment, marking and feedback from the lecturers' perspective. Earlier findings have suggested that with new lecturers at least, there are some discipline differences in how able they feel they can put into practice what they have learned about…

  17. 7 CFR 57.965 - Returned U.S. inspected and marked products; not importations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... that have been inspected by the Department and so marked, and which are returned from foreign countries are not importations within the meaning of this part. Such returned shipments shall be reported to the Administrator by letter. [63 FR 69968, 69971, Dec. 17, 1998, as amended at 69 FR 57168, Sept. 24, 2004] ...

  18. 7 CFR 57.965 - Returned U.S. inspected and marked products; not importations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... that have been inspected by the Department and so marked, and which are returned from foreign countries are not importations within the meaning of this part. Such returned shipments shall be reported to the Administrator by letter. [63 FR 69968, 69971, Dec. 17, 1998, as amended at 69 FR 57168, Sept. 24, 2004] ...

  19. 29. WEST CONFEDERATE AVENUE, OBSERVATION TOWER, IRON BENCH AND DIRECTION ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    29. WEST CONFEDERATE AVENUE, OBSERVATION TOWER, IRON BENCH AND DIRECTION FINDER, VIEW ACROSS AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE TOWARDS THE "HIGHWATER MARK." VIEW NE. - Gettysburg National Military Park Tour Roads, Gettysburg, Adams County, PA

  20. Assessment of early attrition using an ordinary flatbed scanner.

    PubMed

    Van't Spijker, Arie; Kreulen, Cees M; Bronkhorst, Ewald M; Creugers, Nico H J

    2012-07-01

    The aim of this study was to assess a two-dimensional method to monitor occlusal tooth wear quantitatively using a commercially available ordinary flatbed scanner. A flatbed scanner, measuring software and gypsum casts were used. In Part I, two observers (A and B) independently traced scans of marked wear facets of ten sets of casts in two sessions (test and retest). In Part II, three other sets of casts were duplicated and two observers (C and D) marked wear facets and traced the scanned images independently. Intra- and inter-observer agreement was determined comparing measured values (mm(2)) in paired T-tests. Duplicate measurement errors (DME) were calculated. In Part I the test and retest values (10 casts, 218 teeth) of observer A and B did not differ significantly (A: p = 0.289; B: p = 0.666); correlation coefficients were 0.998 (A) and 0.999 (B). "Tracing wear facets" showed a DME of 0.30 mm(2) for observer A and 0.15 mm(2) for observer B. In Part II, assessment of 70 teeth resulted in correlation coefficients of 0.994 for observer C and 0.997 for observer D; no differences between test and retest values were found for C (p = 0.061), although D differed significantly (p = 0.000). The DME for "marking and tracing wear facets" was 0.39 mm(2) (C) and 0.27 mm(2) (D). DME for inter-observer agreement were 0.45 mm(2) (test) and 0.42 mm(2) (re-test). We conclude that marking and tracing of occlusal wear facets to assess occlusal tooth wear quantitatively can be done accurately and reproducibly. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Leaf-cutting antAtta laevigata (Formicidae: Attini) marks its territory with colony-specific dufour gland secretion.

    PubMed

    Salzemann, A; Nagnan, P; Tellier, F; Jaffe, K

    1992-02-01

    The workers of the leaf-cutting antAtta laevigata were found to mark a territory around their nest and along trunk trails. Elsewhere, we reported that the territorial mark had orientation and agonistic functions. The presence of this mark induced an alarm behavior in intruder workers and stimulated the residents' aggressiveness. Of the parts of the body tested, only the extracts from gaster or Dufour gland were able to induce the same agonistic behavior. The compoundsn-heptadecane, (Z)-9-nonadecene, 8,11-nonadecadiene, and (Z)-9-tricosene, secreted by Dufour gland were identified on foraging trails in the field as components of the territorial odor.

  2. 27 CFR 9.124 - Wild Horse Valley.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... direction approximately .9 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,804 feet; (3... 1,824 feet; (4) Then south-southeasterly approximately .6 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,866 feet; (5) Then south-southeasterly approximately .5 mile to the summit...

  3. 27 CFR 9.124 - Wild Horse Valley.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... direction approximately .9 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,804 feet; (3... 1,824 feet; (4) Then south-southeasterly approximately .6 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,866 feet; (5) Then south-southeasterly approximately .5 mile to the summit...

  4. 27 CFR 9.124 - Wild Horse Valley.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... direction approximately .9 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,804 feet; (3... 1,824 feet; (4) Then south-southeasterly approximately .6 mile to the summit of an unnamed hill having a marked elevation of 1,866 feet; (5) Then south-southeasterly approximately .5 mile to the summit...

  5. Perioperative ultrasound-guided wire marking of calcific deposits in calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff.

    PubMed

    Sigg, Andreas; Draws, Detlev; Stamm, Axel; Pfeiffer, Michael

    2011-03-01

    The identification of a calcific deposit in the rotator cuff can often cause difficulties. A new technique is described to identify the calcific deposit perioperatively with a ultrasound-guided wire. The technique allows a safe direct marking of calcific deposits making the procedure faster especially in difficult cases.

  6. Languages in a Globalising World.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Maurais, Jacques, Ed.; Morris, Michael A., Ed.

    This book offers 21 papers in three parts. After (1) "Introduction" (Jacques Maurais and Michael A. Morris), Part 1, "Global Communication Challenges," includes (2) "Towards a New Global Linguistic Order?" (Jacques Maurais); (3) "The Geostrategies of Interlingualism" (Mark Fettes); (4) "Language Policy…

  7. 76 FR 22854 - Streamlined Patent Reexamination Proceedings; Notice of Public Meeting

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-25

    ... proposed changes in this document are divided into three categories: changes to both ex parte and inter..., Alexandria, VA 22313-1450, marked to the attention of Kenneth M. Schor. Although comments may be submitted by... parte and inter partes reexamination proceedings. The proposed changes in this notice are divided into...

  8. Direct and indirect cardiovascular actions of cathinone and MDMA in the anaesthetized rat.

    PubMed

    Alsufyani, Hadeel A; Docherty, James R

    2015-07-05

    The stimulants cathinone (from Khat leaves) and methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine (MDMA) produce adrenoceptor mediated tachycardia and vasopressor actions that may be the result of direct receptor stimulation, actions on the noradrenaline transporter, and/or displacement of noradrenaline from nerve terminals. Effects of cathinone or MDMA were compared with those of the indirect sympathomimetic tyramine. Male Wistar rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone for blood pressure and heart rate recording. Some rats were sympathectomised by treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. In the anaesthetised rat, cathinone, MDMA and tyramine (all 0.001-1 mg/kg) produced marked tachycardia, tyramine produced marked pressor responses and MDMA produced small pressor responses. The tachycardia to cathinone and MDMA was almost abolished by propranolol (1mg/kg). Pretreatment with cocaine (1mg/kg) did not significantly affect the tachycardia to cathinone or MDMA, but reduced the response to tyramine. However, in sympathectomised rats, the tachycardia to cathinone or MDMA was markedly attenuated, but the tachycardia to tyramine was only partially reduced. Blood pressure effects of tyramine and MDMA were also markedly attenuated by sympathectomy. The results demonstrate firstly that cocaine may not be the most suitable agent for assessing direct versus indirect agonism in cardiovascular studies. Secondly, the use of chemical sympathectomy achieved the desired goal of demonstrating that cardiac β-adrenoceptor mediated actions of cathinone and MDMA are probably largely indirect. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Increasing propensity to mind-wander with transcranial direct current stimulation

    PubMed Central

    Axelrod, Vadim; Rees, Geraint; Lavidor, Michal; Bar, Moshe

    2015-01-01

    Humans mind-wander quite intensely. Mind wandering is markedly different from other cognitive behaviors because it is spontaneous, self-generated, and inwardly directed (inner thoughts). However, can such an internal and intimate mental function also be modulated externally by means of brain stimulation? Addressing this question could also help identify the neural correlates of mind wandering in a causal manner, in contrast to the correlational methods used previously (primarily functional MRI). In our study, participants performed a monotonous task while we periodically sampled their thoughts to assess mind wandering. Concurrently, we applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We found that stimulation of the frontal lobes [anode electrode at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), cathode electrode at the right supraorbital area], but not of the occipital cortex or sham stimulation, increased the propensity to mind-wander. These results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that mind wandering can be enhanced externally using brain stimulation, and that the frontal lobes play a causal role in mind-wandering behavior. These results also suggest that the executive control network associated with the DLPFC might be an integral part of mind-wandering neural machinery. PMID:25691738

  10. Increasing propensity to mind-wander with transcranial direct current stimulation.

    PubMed

    Axelrod, Vadim; Rees, Geraint; Lavidor, Michal; Bar, Moshe

    2015-03-17

    Humans mind-wander quite intensely. Mind wandering is markedly different from other cognitive behaviors because it is spontaneous, self-generated, and inwardly directed (inner thoughts). However, can such an internal and intimate mental function also be modulated externally by means of brain stimulation? Addressing this question could also help identify the neural correlates of mind wandering in a causal manner, in contrast to the correlational methods used previously (primarily functional MRI). In our study, participants performed a monotonous task while we periodically sampled their thoughts to assess mind wandering. Concurrently, we applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We found that stimulation of the frontal lobes [anode electrode at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), cathode electrode at the right supraorbital area], but not of the occipital cortex or sham stimulation, increased the propensity to mind-wander. These results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that mind wandering can be enhanced externally using brain stimulation, and that the frontal lobes play a causal role in mind-wandering behavior. These results also suggest that the executive control network associated with the DLPFC might be an integral part of mind-wandering neural machinery.

  11. Seismic stratigraphy and structure of the Chukchi Borderland: implications for the opening of the Canada Basin

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ilhan, I.; Coakley, B.

    2015-12-01

    Interpretation of seismic reflection data from the western Chukchi Borderland has illuminated the structure and stratigraphy of the area. Basement rotated fault blocks are offset by two border fault systems (BFS1 and BFS2) and by secondary faults, striking curvilinear in the NW-SE direction, dipping to the NE. The BFS1 dissects the Chukchi Plateau into two first-order rotated blocks bounding two major sedimentary depocentres, the North Chukchi Basin and the Chukchi Plateau Central Basin. The BFS2, which has a larger offset than BFS1, forms the western boundary of the Northwind Basin. Much of the stratigraphy is controlled by sediment supply. The basins were starved early in their history, resulting in a limited syn-rift section. Substantial sediment accumulation in the Borderland appears to post-date large scale progradation of the depostional shelf edge across the Chukchi Shelf. Basin infill stratigraphies are subdivided into pre-rift, syn-rift, early-, middle-, late post-rift, and glacio-marine sequences (SB1-SB5). SB1 shows truncation of the remnants of the pre-rift strata below and onlap of the syn-rift sequence(s) above; the SB2 marks the termination of the rifting stage and is bounded by bi-directional onlap surface of the early post-rift strata above; the base of SB3 is an onlap surface marks the arrival of the prograding shelf margin sequence(s); the SB4 shows evidence of erosion at the base of the prograding late post-rift sequence(s); and the SB5 is an downloap surface marking the first arrival of the glacio-marine sediments eroded from the Chukchi Shelf. Two ages of the major sequence boundaries, the SB3 and SB4, can be directly tied to Popcorn and Crackerjack Chukchi Shelf well data, and the older ones, the end of rifting and the top of the pre-rift, are inferred based on stratigraphic observations. The stratigraphic relationship suggests that the Chukchi Borderland stratigraphy can be correlated in part to the Chukchi Shelf stratigraphy. The first and second-order rotated fault blocks and depositional history suggest that the Chukchi Borderland has been coupled to the Chukchi Shelf at least since the extension of the Borderland. Therefore we infer only small horizontal offsets between the Chukchi Borderland and the Chukchi Shelf, which have largely a shared geologic history.

  12. Calendar motifs on Getashen hydria

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vrtanesyan, Garegin

    2015-07-01

    Getashen hydria was found in the tombs of the middle bronze age (the first third of the second Millennium B.C.) in Armenia (Lake Sevan). It shows a scene consisting of three friezes. On the lower frieze depicts six zoomorphic figures, on an average six frieze waterfowl, and on top, is the graphic signs. Calendar motives of this composition have a numeric expression, six zoomorphic figures on the lower and middle friezes. Division of the annual cycle into two parts is known in the calendars of the ancient Indo-Iranian ("great summer" and "the great winter"). Animals on the lower frieze of the second mark, "winter" road of the Sun, because in this period are the most important events, ensuring the reproduction of the economy of the society. This rut ungulates - wild (deer) and domestic (goats). Moreover, the gon goats end in December, almost coinciding with the onset of the winter solstice. A couple of dogs on the lower frieze marks the version of the myth, imprisoned in the rock hero - the Sun (Mihr - Artavazd), to which his dogs have to chew the chains, anticipating his exit at the winter solstice. This is indicated by the direction of their movement, the Sun moves from left to right for an observer, only when located on the South side of the sky (i.e., beginning with the autumnal equinox). The most important event of the period of "summer road" of the Sun is the vernal equinox, which coincide with the arrival of waterfowl (ducks, geese). Their direction on the second frieze (left to right) corresponds to the position of the observer, facing North.

  13. Tracking Snowballs

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-11-18

    Icy particles in the cloud around Hartley 2, as seen by NASA EPOXI mission spacecraft. A star moving through the background is marked with red and moves in a particular direction, with a particular speed; icy particles move in random directions.

  14. Direct seeding of shortleaf pine

    Treesearch

    Corinne S. Mann; David Gwaze

    2007-01-01

    Direct seeding is a potentially viable method for regenerating shortleaf pine, but it has not been used extensively. In Missouri, an estimated 10,000 acres have been direct-seeded with shortleaf pine; half of which are at Mark Twain National Forest. Direct seeding offers a flexible and efficient alternative to planting as a way to restore shortleaf pine in the Ozarks....

  15. Histopathological changes caused by the metacestodes of Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus (Wedl, 1855) in the gut of the gibel carp, Carassius gibelio.

    PubMed

    Molnár, K

    2005-01-01

    Metacestodes of Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus (Wedl, 1855) were found in the gut of some gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) specimens from a Hungarian water reservoir. Location of metacestodes in the freshly opened gut was marked with disseminated, red-coloured, pinhead-sized nodules in the anterior part of the intestine. In histological sections, metacestodes were found in a hole inside the propria layer of the intestinal folds. The worms were in direct contact with the host tissue without being encapsulated as a result of host reaction. In some specimens with extruded rostellum the rostellar hooks were bored into the host tissue and suckers grabbed pieces of the surrounding connective tissue. Around the worms, congested capillaries and formation of macrophages were seen in the lysed connective tissue.

  16. User’s guide for MapMark4—An R package for the probability calculations in three-part mineral resource assessments

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Ellefsen, Karl J.

    2017-06-27

    MapMark4 is a software package that implements the probability calculations in three-part mineral resource assessments. Functions within the software package are written in the R statistical programming language. These functions, their documentation, and a copy of this user’s guide are bundled together in R’s unit of shareable code, which is called a “package.” This user’s guide includes step-by-step instructions showing how the functions are used to carry out the probability calculations. The calculations are demonstrated using test data, which are included in the package.

  17. 27 CFR 19.596 - Marks on packages of spirits filled on bonded premises.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... filled in production or storage. Except as otherwise provided in this part, packages of spirits filled in production or storage shall be marked with: (1) The name of the producer, or his trade name as required by... spirits or, in the case of distillates removed under § 19.322, the kind of distillates such as “Grape...

  18. Caught Ya! A School-Based Practical Activity to Evaluate the Capture-Mark-Release-Recapture Method

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kingsnorth, Crawford; Cruickshank, Chae; Paterson, David; Diston, Stephen

    2017-01-01

    The capture-mark-release-recapture method provides a simple way to estimate population size. However, when used as part of ecological sampling, this method does not easily allow an opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of the calculation because the actual population size is unknown. Here, we describe a method that can be used to measure the…

  19. Mayor de Blasio, NYCEDC and Speaker Mark-Viverito Announce Grand Opening of

    Science.gov Websites

    New Health Center | City of New York Visit alpha.nyc.gov to help us test out new ideas for Opening of New Health Center Damian Center part of 'Caring Neighborhoods Initiative' and replaces previous Mark-Viverito Announce Grand Opening of New Health Center in South Bronx April 21, 2016 Damian Center

  20. 49 CFR 171.23 - Requirements for specific materials and packagings transported under the ICAO Technical...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... properly marked valve; and (iv) A UN pressure receptacle is marked with “USA” as a country of approval in...) manufactured to other than a DOT specification or a UN standard in accordance with part 178 of this subchapter.... (2) Cylinders (including UN pressure receptacles) transported to, from, or within the United States...

  1. 49 CFR 171.23 - Requirements for specific materials and packagings transported under the ICAO Technical...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... properly marked valve; and (iv) A UN pressure receptacle is marked with “USA” as a country of approval in...) manufactured to other than a DOT specification or a UN standard in accordance with part 178 of this subchapter.... (2) Cylinders (including UN pressure receptacles) transported to, from, or within the United States...

  2. 49 CFR 171.23 - Requirements for specific materials and packagings transported under the ICAO Technical...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... properly marked valve; and (iv) A UN pressure receptacle is marked with “USA” as a country of approval in...) manufactured to other than a DOT specification or a UN standard in accordance with part 178 of this subchapter.... (2) Cylinders (including UN pressure receptacles) transported to, from, or within the United States...

  3. 49 CFR 171.23 - Requirements for specific materials and packagings transported under the ICAO Technical...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... properly marked valve; and (iv) A UN pressure receptacle is marked with “USA” as a country of approval in...) manufactured to other than a DOT specification or a UN standard in accordance with part 178 of this subchapter.... (2) Cylinders (including UN pressure receptacles) transported to, from, or within the United States...

  4. 49 CFR 171.23 - Requirements for specific materials and packagings transported under the ICAO Technical...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... properly marked valve; and (iv) A UN pressure receptacle is marked with “USA” as a country of approval in...) manufactured to other than a DOT specification or a UN standard in accordance with part 178 of this subchapter.... (2) Cylinders (including UN pressure receptacles) transported to, from, or within the United States...

  5. 9 CFR 309.18 - Official marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... purposes of ante-mortem inspection. 309.18 Section 309.18 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection. (a) All livestock required by this part to be identified as U.S. Suspects shall be tagged with a serially numbered metal ear tag bearing the term “U.S...

  6. 9 CFR 309.18 - Official marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... purposes of ante-mortem inspection. 309.18 Section 309.18 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection. (a) All livestock required by this part to be identified as U.S. Suspects shall be tagged with a serially numbered metal ear tag bearing the term “U.S...

  7. 9 CFR 309.18 - Official marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... purposes of ante-mortem inspection. 309.18 Section 309.18 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection. (a) All livestock required by this part to be identified as U.S. Suspects shall be tagged with a serially numbered metal ear tag bearing the term “U.S...

  8. 9 CFR 309.18 - Official marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... purposes of ante-mortem inspection. 309.18 Section 309.18 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection. (a) All livestock required by this part to be identified as U.S. Suspects shall be tagged with a serially numbered metal ear tag bearing the term “U.S...

  9. 9 CFR 309.18 - Official marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... purposes of ante-mortem inspection. 309.18 Section 309.18 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND... marks and devices for purposes of ante-mortem inspection. (a) All livestock required by this part to be identified as U.S. Suspects shall be tagged with a serially numbered metal ear tag bearing the term “U.S...

  10. Visualization analysis of tiger-striped flow mark generation phenomena in injection molding

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Owada, Shigeru; Yokoi, Hidetoshi

    2016-03-01

    The generation mechanism of tiger-striped flow marks of polypropylene (PP)/rubber/talc blends in injection molding was investigated by dynamic visualization analysis in a glass-inserted mold. The analysis revealed that the behavior of the melt flow front correlates with the flow mark generation. The cloudy part in the tiger-striped flow marks corresponded to the low transcription rate area of the melt diverging near the cavity wall, while the glossy part corresponded to the high transcription rate area of the melt converging toward the cavity wall side. The melt temperature at the high transcription rate area was slightly lower than that at the low transcription rate area. These phenomena resulted due to the difference in the temperature of the melt front that was caused by the asymmetric fountain flow. These results suggest the followings; At the moment when the melt is broken near the one side of cavity wall due to piling the extensional strains up to a certain level, the melt spurts out near the broken side. It results in generating asymmetric fountain flow temporarily to relax the extensional front surface, which moves toward the opposite side to form the high transcription area.

  11. 76 FR 62658 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.27 Mark 050 and F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-11

    ...., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. For service information identified in this proposed AD... Operations office between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket..., 20105, 20121 through 20123 inclusive, 20130 through 20135 inclusive, 20141 through 20145 inclusive...

  12. Back to Basics: Incomplete Knowledge of Differential Object Marking in Spanish Heritage Speakers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Montrul, Silvina; Bowles, Melissa

    2009-01-01

    The obligatory use of the preposition a with animate, specific direct objects in Spanish ("Juan conoce a Maria" "Juan knows Maria") is a well-known instance of Differential Object Marking (DOM; Torrego, 1998; Leonetti, 2004). Recent studies have documented the loss and/or incomplete acquisition of several grammatical features in Spanish heritage…

  13. 77 FR 20486 - Petition for Exemption From the Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Mitsubishi Motors

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-04

    ... From the Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Mitsubishi Motors AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety... exemption of the Mitsubishi i-MiEV vehicle line in accordance with 49 CFR part 543, Exemption From the Theft... motor vehicle theft as compliance with the parts-marking requirements of the 49 CFR part 541, Federal...

  14. Benefit of computer-aided detection analysis for the detection of subsolid and solid lung nodules on thin- and thick-section CT.

    PubMed

    Godoy, Myrna C B; Kim, Tae Jung; White, Charles S; Bogoni, Luca; de Groot, Patricia; Florin, Charles; Obuchowski, Nancy; Babb, James S; Salganicoff, Marcos; Naidich, David P; Anand, Vikram; Park, Sangmin; Vlahos, Ioannis; Ko, Jane P

    2013-01-01

    The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of computer-aided detection (CAD) on the identification of subsolid and solid lung nodules on thin- and thick-section CT. For 46 chest CT examinations with ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules, CAD marks computed using thin data were evaluated in two phases. First, four chest radiologists reviewed thin sections (reader(thin)) for nodules and subsequently CAD marks (reader(thin) + CAD(thin)). After 4 months, the same cases were reviewed on thick sections (reader(thick)) and subsequently with CAD marks (reader(thick) + CAD(thick)). Sensitivities were evaluated. Additionally, reader(thick) sensitivity with assessment of CAD marks on thin sections was estimated (reader(thick) + CAD(thin)). For 155 nodules (mean, 5.5 mm; range, 4.0-27.5 mm)-74 solid nodules, 22 part-solid (part-solid nodules), and 59 GGO nodules-CAD stand-alone sensitivity was 80%, 95%, and 71%, respectively, with three false-positives on average (0-12) per CT study. Reader(thin) + CAD(thin) sensitivities were higher than reader(thin) for solid nodules (82% vs 57%, p < 0.001), part-solid nodules (97% vs 81%, p = 0.0027), and GGO nodules (82% vs 69%, p < 0.001) for all readers (p < 0.001). Respective sensitivities for reader(thick), reader(thick) + CAD(thick), reader(thick) + CAD(thin) were 40%, 58% (p < 0.001), and 77% (p < 0.001) for solid nodules; 72%, 73% (p = 0.322), and 94% (p < 0.001) for part-solid nodules; and 53%, 58% (p = 0.008), and 79% (p < 0.001) for GGO nodules. For reader(thin), false-positives increased from 0.64 per case to 0.90 with CAD(thin) (p < 0.001) but not for reader(thick); false-positive rates were 1.17, 1.19, and 1.26 per case for reader(thick), reader(thick) + CAD(thick), and reader(thick) + CAD(thin), respectively. Detection of GGO nodules and solid nodules is significantly improved with CAD. When interpretation is performed on thick sections, the benefit is greater when CAD marks are reviewed on thin rather than thick sections.

  15. Current Direction and Velocity Measurements Using GPS Receivers Mounted on Floats at Tom Bevill Lock and Dam

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-12-01

    radio and batteries. The procedures outlined in this CHETN will concentrate on the Magellan GPS ProMARK X-CP receiver as it was used to collect...The Magellan GPS ProMARK X-CP is a small robust light receiver that can log 9 hr of both pseudorange and carrier phase satellite data for post...post- processing software, pseudorange GPS data recorded by the ProMARK X-CP can be post-processed differential to achieve 1-3 m (3.3-9.8 ft) horizontal

  16. More than just a mouse click: research into work practices behind the assignment of medical trust marks on the World Wide Web.

    PubMed

    Adams, Samantha A; de Bont, Antoinette A

    2007-06-01

    Hyperlinked web trust marks have been a popular topic of discussion during the past 10 years. However, the discussion has focused mostly on what these trust marks are not doing in terms of helping patients (or other lay end users) find reliable medical information on the web. In this paper, we discuss how this focus on patients and their actions with respect to trust marks, has overshadowed, if not rendered invisible, what trust marks are doing to educate medical site/information providers. We draw on data from ethnographic research conducted at the Health on the Net Foundation in 2002 and 2003 in order to explore an alternate definition of what it means to be a 'user' of a trust mark and the importance of the review process in educating site providers. We argue that understanding the work involved in the process of assigning a seal is crucial to understanding the role that the seal plays as part of the medical internet.

  17. Determination of bench-mark elevations at Bethel Island and vicinity, Contra Costa and San Joaquin counties, California, 1987

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Blodgett, J.C.; Ikehara, M.E.; McCaffrey, William F.

    1988-01-01

    Elevations of 49 bench marks in the southwestern part of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta were determined during October and November 1987. A total of 58 miles of level lines were run in the vicinity of Bethel Island and the community of Discovery Bay. The datum of these surveys is based on a National Geodetic Survey bench mark T934 situated on bedrock 10.5 mi east of Mount Diablo and near Marsh Creek Reservoir. The accuracy of these levels, based on National Geodetic Survey standards, was of first, second, and third order, depending on the various segments surveyed. Several bench marks were noted as possibly being stable, but most show evidence of instability. (USGS)

  18. Ultrafast lasers for precise and corrosion free marking on chirurgical steels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Neugebauer, Christoph; Aalderink, Dennis; Maurer, Erich; Faisst, Birgit; Budnicki, Aleksander

    2017-02-01

    The unique properties of ultrashort laser pulses and the decrease of invest pave the way to numerous novel applications. Even in the very price sensitive field of laser marking, ultrashort laser can compete due to a new cost structure and remarkable properties of the marking results. In this study we concentrated on industrial marking of medical equipment by using IR ultrashort lasers and compared the results with common marking laser systems. We demonstrate the benefits of ultrashort lasers marking on chirurgical devices, observing the influence of pulse energy, pulse duration, scanning velocity in respect to the visibility, corrosion resistance and long term durability under clinical conditions. Nowadays many parts and products are marked for the purpose of identification and traceability. One kind of laser marking is the well known annealing of stainless steel by nanosecond marking lasers. When annealing occurs a colored oxide layer grows due to the local heating of the material surface. Compared to the raw material, the annealed marking shows increased corrosion sensitivity. Regarding the traceability, the poor durability of the ns marking resulting in contrast reduction and the corrosion susceptibility are a huge problem. Therefore three different laser sources with ns-psfs pulse duration were observed. The focus rests on the realization of parameter studies (various lasers) and their effect on the corrosion and passivation behavior. Furthermore analysis of the oxide layers by use of EDX and XRD were performed to obtain further information on the composition and structure of the markings.

  19. Estimating the population size and colony boundary of subterranean termites by using the density functions of directionally averaged capture probability.

    PubMed

    Su, Nan-Yao; Lee, Sang-Hee

    2008-04-01

    Marked termites were released in a linear-connected foraging arena, and the spatial heterogeneity of their capture probabilities was averaged for both directions at distance r from release point to obtain a symmetrical distribution, from which the density function of directionally averaged capture probability P(x) was derived. We hypothesized that as marked termites move into the population and given sufficient time, the directionally averaged capture probability may reach an equilibrium P(e) over the distance r and thus satisfy the equal mixing assumption of the mark-recapture protocol. The equilibrium capture probability P(e) was used to estimate the population size N. The hypothesis was tested in a 50-m extended foraging arena to simulate the distance factor of field colonies of subterranean termites. Over the 42-d test period, the density functions of directionally averaged capture probability P(x) exhibited four phases: exponential decline phase, linear decline phase, equilibrium phase, and postequilibrium phase. The equilibrium capture probability P(e), derived as the intercept of the linear regression during the equilibrium phase, correctly projected N estimates that were not significantly different from the known number of workers in the arena. Because the area beneath the probability density function is a constant (50% in this study), preequilibrium regression parameters and P(e) were used to estimate the population boundary distance 1, which is the distance between the release point and the boundary beyond which the population is absent.

  20. Direct Age Determination of a Subtropical Freshwater Crayfish (Redclaw, Cherax quadricarinatus) Using Ossicular Growth Marks

    PubMed Central

    Leland, Jesse C.; Bucher, Daniel J.; Coughran, Jason

    2015-01-01

    Recent studies have reported that crustacean age determination is possible. We applied a direct ageing method (i.e. transverse cross sectioning of gastric ossicles) to a subtropical freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) sourced from an aquaculture population. Growth mark periodicity and the potential for chronological depositions were investigated by staining C. quadricarinatus with calcein and examining their ossicles a year later. Pterocardiac ossicles were superior to other ageing structures (i.e. other ossicles and eyestalks) and produced repeatable between-reader counts (87% were corroborated and 13% varied by ±1). C. quadricarinatus size-at-age data (for an aquaculture population) was described by a von Bertalanffy growth equation (L ∞ = 32 mm occipital carapace length; K = 0.64; t 0 = –0.18; R2 = 0.81). Ossicular growth marks did not correspond to moult history. The calcein stain was retained over an annual cycle comprising multiple moults, demonstrating that pterocardiac ossicles retain chronological information. The maximum age (3+) corroborated other indirectly-obtained longevity estimates for C. quadricarinatus. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the growth marks in C. quadricarinatus ossicles are probably deposited annually during winter. The ability to extract age information from subtropical decapods provides substantial opportunities for advancing fisheries and conservation research globally, but further research is needed to provide a definitive validation and elucidate the mechanism governing the accrual of ossicular growth marks. PMID:26309228

  1. 36 CFR 223.195 - Procedures for identifying and marking unprocessed timber.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... pattern may not be used to mark logs from any other source for a period of 24 months after all logs have..., they shall be replaced. If the log is cut into two or more segments, each segment shall be identified... preserve identification of log pieces shall not apply to logs cut into two or more segments as a part of...

  2. Multipurpose Scribing and Drawing Tool

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ellis, J. M.

    1986-01-01

    Two-part tool reconfigured for variety of jobs. Tool performs several functions useful in layout. Lines, curves, and angles made visible as either bright scribe marks or as dark pencil (or ink) marks. Multipurpose tool speeds up laying out of patterns on sheet metal, wood, plastic, or paper. Tool is carried in pocket, then quickly assembled for service as height gauge, pair of dividers, protractor, surface gauge, or square.

  3. Vande Hei and Acaba at Walt Whitman Middle School

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-06-14

    NASA astronauts Mark Vande Hei, right, and Joe Acaba answer questions during a presentation to students at Walt Whitman Middle School, Thursday, June 14, 2018 in Alexandria, Va. Acaba and astronaut Mark Vande Hei answered questions from the audience and spoke about their experiences aboard the International Space Station for 168 days as part of Expedition 53 and 54. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

  4. Vande Hei and Acaba at Walt Whitman Middle School

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-06-14

    NASA astronauts Mark Vande Hei, left, and Joe Acaba answer questions during a presentation to students at Walt Whitman Middle School, Thursday, June 14, 2018 in Alexandria, Va. Acaba and astronaut Mark Vande Hei answered questions from the audience and spoke about their experiences aboard the International Space Station for 168 days as part of Expedition 53 and 54. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

  5. The Rights and Responsibility of Test Takers When Large-Scale Testing Is Used for Classroom Assessment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    van Barneveld, Christina; Brinson, Karieann

    2017-01-01

    The purpose of this research was to identify conflicts in the rights and responsibility of Grade 9 test takers when some parts of a large-scale test are marked by teachers and used in the calculation of students' class marks. Data from teachers' questionnaires and students' questionnaires from a 2009-10 administration of a large-scale test of…

  6. Responses of female rock lizards to multiple scent marks of males: effects of male age, male density and scent over-marking.

    PubMed

    Martín, José; López, Pilar

    2013-03-01

    Scent-marked substrates may inform conspecifics on the characteristics of territorial males. Scent-marks of male Carpetan rock lizards (Iberolacerta cyreni) affect space use of females, which by selecting an area may increase the probability of mating with the male that has scent-marked that area. However, males do not hold exclusive territories, and scent-marks of different individual males are often together. This may provide complex information from multiple sources on the social structure. Here, we examined female preference in response to scent marks of various males and combinations in a laboratory experiment. Females preferred areas scent-marked by territorial old males against those scent-marked by young satellite-sneaker males. This reflected the known preference of females for mating with old males. In a second experiment, females preferred areas scent-marked by two males to areas of similar size marked by a single male. This may increase the probability of obtaining multiple copulations with different males, which may favour sperm competition and cryptic female choice, or may be a way to avoid infertile males. Finally, when we experimentally over-marked the scent-marks of an old male with scent-marks of a young male, females did not avoid, nor prefer, the over-marked area, suggesting that the quality of the old male may override the presence of a satellite male. We suggest that, irrespective of the causes underlying why a female selects a scent-marked area, this strategy may affect her reproductive success, which may have the same evolutionary consequences that "direct" mate choice decisions of other animals. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Wawa greenstone belt

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schulz, K. J.; Sylvester, P. J.; Attoh, K.

    1983-01-01

    The Wawa greenstone belt is located in the District of Algoma and extends east-northeast from Lake Superior to the western part of the Sudbury District in Ontario, Canada. Recent mapping by Attoh has shown that an unconformity at the base of the Dore' Formation and equivalent sedimentary rocks marks a significant stratigraphic break which can be traced throughout the volcanic belt. This break has been used to subdivide the volcanic-sedimentary into pre- and post-Dore' sequences. The pre-Dore' sequence includes at least two cycles of mafic-to-felsic volcanism, each capped by an iron-formation unit. The post-Dore' sequence includes an older mafic-to-felsic unit, which directly overlies sedimentary rocks correlated with the Dore' Formation, and a younger felsic breccia unit interpreted to have formed as debris flows from a felsic volcanic center. In the present study, samples of both the pre-and post-Dore' volcanic sequences were analyzed for major and trace elements, incuding rare earths (REE). This preliminary study is part of an ongoing program to assess the petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks of the Wawa greenstone belt.

  8. The Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect: It's All in the Timing

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Borreggine, Kristin L.; Kaschak, Michael P.

    2006-01-01

    When participants are asked to make sensibility judgments on sentences that describe action toward the body (i.e., "Mark dealt the cards to you") or away from the body (i.e., "You dealt the cards to Mark"), they are faster to respond when the response requires an arm movement in the same direction as the action described by the sentence. This…

  9. Detection of nitro-organic and peroxide explosives in latent fingermarks by DART- and SALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Rowell, Frederick; Seviour, John; Lim, Angelina Yimei; Elumbaring-Salazar, Cheryl Grace; Loke, Jason; Ma, Jan

    2012-09-10

    The ability of two mass spectrometric methods, surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF-MS) and direct analysis in real time (DART-MS), to detect the presence of seven common explosives (six nitro-organic- and one peroxide-type) in spiked latent fingermarks has been examined. It was found that each explosive could be detected with nanogram sensitivity for marks resulting from direct finger contact with a glass probe by DART-MS or onto stainless steel target plates using SALDI-TOF-MS for marks pre-dusted with one type of commercial black magnetic powder. These explosives also could be detected in latent marks lifted from six common surfaces (paper, plastic bag, metal drinks can, wood laminate, adhesive tape and white ceramic tile) whereas no explosive could be detected in equivalent pre-dusted marks on the surface of a commercial lifting tape by the DART-MS method due to high background interference from the tape material. The presence of TNT and Tetryl could be detected in pre-dusted latent fingermarks on a commercial lifting tape for up to 29 days sealed and stored under ambient conditions. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. 9 CFR 327.26 - Official import inspection marks and devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... parts, and cuts, not in containers. EC11SE91.024 For application to outside containers of meat and meat... carcasses, primal parts, and cuts, not in containers. EC11SE91.026 For application to outside containers of... parts, and cuts, not in containers. EC11SE91.028 For application to outside containers of equine meat...

  11. CellML and associated tools and techniques.

    PubMed

    Garny, Alan; Nickerson, David P; Cooper, Jonathan; Weber dos Santos, Rodrigo; Miller, Andrew K; McKeever, Steve; Nielsen, Poul M F; Hunter, Peter J

    2008-09-13

    We have, in the last few years, witnessed the development and availability of an ever increasing number of computer models that describe complex biological structures and processes. The multi-scale and multi-physics nature of these models makes their development particularly challenging, not only from a biological or biophysical viewpoint but also from a mathematical and computational perspective. In addition, the issue of sharing and reusing such models has proved to be particularly problematic, with the published models often lacking information that is required to accurately reproduce the published results. The International Union of Physiological Sciences Physiome Project was launched in 1997 with the aim of tackling the aforementioned issues by providing a framework for the modelling of the human body. As part of this initiative, the specifications of the CellML mark-up language were released in 2001. Now, more than 7 years later, the time has come to assess the situation, in particular with regard to the tools and techniques that are now available to the modelling community. Thus, after introducing CellML, we review and discuss existing editors, validators, online repository, code generators and simulation environments, as well as the CellML Application Program Interface. We also address possible future directions including the need for additional mark-up languages.

  12. Segmentation and classification of road markings using MLS data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soilán, Mario; Riveiro, Belén; Martínez-Sánchez, Joaquín; Arias, Pedro

    2017-01-01

    Traffic signs are one of the most important safety elements in a road network. Particularly, road markings provide information about the limits and direction of each road lane, or warn the drivers about potential danger. The optimal condition of road markings contributes to a better road safety. Mobile Laser Scanning technology can be used for infrastructure inspection and specifically for traffic sign detection and inventory. This paper presents a methodology for the detection and semantic characterization of the most common road markings, namely pedestrian crossings and arrows. The 3D point cloud data acquired by a LYNX Mobile Mapper system is filtered in order to isolate reflective points in the road, and each single element is hierarchically classified using Neural Networks. State of the art results are obtained for the extraction and classification of the markings, with F-scores of 94% and 96% respectively. Finally, data from classified markings are exported to a GIS layer and maintenance criteria based on the aforementioned data are proposed.

  13. High contrast laser marking of alumina

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Penide, J.; Quintero, F.; Riveiro, A.; Fernández, A.; del Val, J.; Comesaña, R.; Lusquiños, F.; Pou, J.

    2015-05-01

    Alumina serves as raw material for a broad range of advanced ceramic products. These elements should usually be identified by some characters or symbols printed directly on them. In this sense, laser marking is an efficient, reliable and widely implemented process in industry. However, laser marking of alumina still leads to poor results since the process is not able to produce a dark mark, yielding bad contrast. In this paper, we present an experimental study on the process of marking alumina by three different lasers working in two wavelengths: 1064 nm (Near-infrared) and 532 nm (visible, green radiation). A colorimetric analysis has been carried out in order to compare the resulting marks and its contrast. The most suitable laser operating conditions were also defined and are reported here. Moreover, the physical process of marking by NIR lasers is discussed in detail. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy were also employed to analyze the results. Finally, we propose an explanation for the differences of the coloration induced under different atmospheres and laser parameters. We concluded that the atmosphere is the key parameter, being the inert one the best choice to produce the darkest marks.

  14. Crustal thinning recorded by the shape of the Namurian-Westphalian leucogranite in the Variscan belt of the northwest Massif Central, France

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Faure, Michel; Pons, José

    1991-07-01

    In the western part of the Variscan belt of the French Massif Central, the Guéret massif is an extensional allochthon emplaced to the southeast during Namurian-Westphalian time. The internal structure of the coeval leucogranites surrounding the western edge of the Guéret massif consists of the Plateau d'Aigurande, Brame-St. Sylvestre, and St. Goussaud massifs. These plutons are asymmetric diapirs rooted in the Marche, Bussière-Madeleine, and Arrènes faults, respectively. The plutons indicate diverging extravasation from the Guéret massif. Whatever their shapes, the plutons have a northwest-trending stretching lineation that is also marked in the granite host rocks by retrograde metamorphic minerals. The same extension direction is also inferred from Namurian-Westphalian leucogranites and dikes intruding the Guéret massif. Extension-related granitoids present typical structural patterns such as asymmetric shapes, extravasation from the collapsing area, and persistence of a stretching lineation parallel to the regional extension direction. These features may be used to diagnose crustal thinning.

  15. Grinding Away Microfissures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Booth, Gary N.; Malinzak, R. Michael

    1990-01-01

    Treatment similar to dental polishing used to remove microfissures from metal parts without reworking adjacent surfaces. Any variety of abrasive tips attached to small motor used to grind spot treated. Configuration of grinding head must be compatible with configurations of motor and workpiece. Devised to eliminate spurious marks on welded parts.

  16. 14 CFR 45.15 - Replacement and modification parts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Replacement and modification parts. 45.15 Section 45.15 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION MARKING Identification of Aircraft and Related Products § 45.15 Replacement and...

  17. Cultural and Species Differences in Gazing Patterns for Marked and Decorated Objects: A Comparative Eye-Tracking Study

    PubMed Central

    Mühlenbeck, Cordelia; Jacobsen, Thomas; Pritsch, Carla; Liebal, Katja

    2017-01-01

    Objects from the Middle Paleolithic period colored with ochre and marked with incisions represent the beginning of non-utilitarian object manipulation in different species of the Homo genus. To investigate the visual effects caused by these markings, we compared humans who have different cultural backgrounds (Namibian hunter–gatherers and German city dwellers) to one species of non-human great apes (orangutans) with respect to their perceptions of markings on objects. We used eye-tracking to analyze their fixation patterns and the durations of their fixations on marked and unmarked stones and sticks. In an additional test, humans evaluated the objects regarding their aesthetic preferences. Our hypotheses were that colorful markings help an individual to structure the surrounding world by making certain features of the environment salient, and that aesthetic appreciation should be associated with this structuring. Our results showed that humans fixated on the marked objects longer and used them in the structural processing of the objects and their background, but did not consistently report finding them more beautiful. Orangutans, in contrast, did not distinguish between object and background in their visual processing and did not clearly fixate longer on the markings. Our results suggest that marking behavior is characteristic for humans and evolved as an attention-directing rather than aesthetic benefit. PMID:28167923

  18. Investigation of molecular mechanism of recognition between citral and MARK4: A newer therapeutic approach to attenuate cancer cell progression.

    PubMed

    Naz, Farha; Khan, Faez Iqbal; Mohammad, Taj; Khan, Parvez; Manzoor, Saaliqa; Hasan, Gulam Mustafa; Lobb, Kevin A; Luqman, Suaib; Islam, Asimul; Ahmad, Faizan; Hassan, Md Imtaiyaz

    2018-02-01

    Microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) is a member of AMP-activated protein kinase, found to be involved in apoptosis, inflammation and many other regulatory pathways. Since, its aberrant expression is directly associated with the cell cycle and thus cancer. Therefore, MARK4 is being considered as a potential drug target for cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the mechanism of inhibition of MARK4 activity by citral. Docking studies suggested that citral effectively binds to the active site cavity, and complex is stabilized by several interactions. We further performed molecular dynamics simulation of MARK4-citral complex under explicit water condition for 100ns and observed that binding of citral to MARK4 was quite stable. Fluorescence binding studies suggested that citral strongly binds to MARK4 and thereby inhibits its enzyme activity which was measured by the kinase inhibition assay. We further performed MTT assay and observed that citral inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This work provides a newer insight into the use of citral as novel cancer therapeutics through the MARK4 inhibition. Results may be employed to design novel therapeutic molecule using citral as a scaffold for MARK4 inhibition to fight related diseases. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Recent sediments of the St. Marks River coast, northwest Florida, a low-energy, sediment-starved estuary

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Highly, A.B.; Donoghue, J.F.; Garrett, C.

    1994-03-01

    The St. Marks river of northwest Florida drains parts of the central panhandle of northwestern Florida, and a small area in southwestern Georgia. It traverses nearly 56.3 kilometers through a watershed of 1,711 square kilometers. The slow-moving river carries little sediment and terminates in Apalachee Bay, a low-energy embayment in the northeasternmost Gulf of Mexico. The coastal region is characterized by mudflats, seagrass beds, and an absence of sandy beaches and barrier islands. Clastic sediments of the coast and shelf rest on a shallow-dipping carbonate platform. The upper surface of the platform is locally karstic. As a result, like othermore » rivers in this region of northwest Florida, the St. Marks watershed is marked by sinkholes and disappearing streams. The fact that the river travels underground through part of its lower watershed serves to trap or sieve some of its clastic load. In the estuary, the undulating karst topography causes the estuarine sediments to vary in thickness from 0 to 4+ meters. The concave shape of the coastline and its orientation with respect to prevailing winds result in low average wave energy. Sedimentation is therefore controlled by riverine and tidal forces. The relatively low energy conditions result in good preservation of the sedimentary record in the St. Marks estuary. A suite of sediment cores has been collected in the lower river, estuary and adjacent Gulf of Mexico. Lead-210 dating results indicate a slow average sedimentation rate ([approximately] 1mm/yr). Investigation of sedimentation rates and sediment characteristics over time in the St. Marks estuary indicate that sedimentologic conditions in this low-energy environment have been relatively stable during the recent geologic history of the estuary.« less

  20. Thermal Conductivity of Ultem(TradeMark)/Carbon Nanofiller Blends

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ghose, S.; Watson, K. A.; Delozier, D. M.; Working, D. C.; Connell, J. W.; Smith, J. G., Jr.; Sun, Y. P.; Lin, Y.

    2006-01-01

    In an effort to improve polymer thermal conductivity (TC), Ultem(TradeMark) 1000 was compounded with nano-fillers of carbon allotropes. Ultem(TradeMark) 1000 was selected since it is both solution and melt processable. As-received and modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), vapor grown carbon nanofibers (CNF) and expanded graphite (EG) were investigated. MWCNTs were modified by functionalizing the surface through oxidization with concentrated acids, mixing with an alkyl bromide, and addition of alkyl and phosphorus compounds after initial treatment with n-butyl lithium. Functionalization was performed to improve the TC compatibility between the resin and MWCNTs. It was postulated that this may provide an improved interface between the MWCNT and the polymer which would result in enhanced TC. The nano-fillers were mixed with Ultem(TradeMark) 1000 in the melt and in solution at concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 wt%. Ribbons were extruded from the blends to form samples where the nano-fillers were aligned to some degree in the extrusion direction. Samples were also fabricated by compression molding resulting in random orientation of the nano-fillers. Thermal properties of the samples were evaluated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA). Tensile properties of aligned samples were determined at room temperature. The specimens were cut from the ribbons in the extrusion direction; hence the nano-fillers are somewhat aligned in the direction of stress. Typically it was observed that melt mixed samples exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to solution mixed samples. As expected, increased filler loading led to increased modulus and decreased elongation with respect to the neat polymer. The degree of dispersion and alignment of the nano-fillers was determined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). HRSEM of the ribbons revealed that the MWCNTs and CNFs were predominantly aligned in the flow direction. The TC of the samples was measured using a Nanoflash(TradeMark) instrument. Since the MWCNTs and CNF are anisotropic, the TC was expected to be different in the longitudinal (parallel to the nanotube and fiber axis) and transverse (perpendicular to the nanotube and fiber axis) directions. The extruded ribbons provided samples for transverse TC measurements. However, to determine the TC in the longitudinal direction, the ribbons needed to be stacked and molded under 1.7 MPa and 270 C. Samples were then obtained by cutting the molded block with a diamond saw. The largest TC improvement was achieved for aligned samples when the measurement was performed in the direction of MWCNT and CNF alignment (i.e. longitudinal axis). Unaligned samples also showed a significant improvement in TC and may be potentially useful in applications when it is not possible to align the nano-filler. The results of this study will be presented.

  1. Everlasting Dark Printing on Alumina by Laser

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Penide, J.; Quintero, F.; Arias-González, F.; Fernández, A.; del Val, J.; Comesaña, R.; Riveiro, A.; Lusquiños, F.; Pou, J.

    Marks or prints are needed in almost every material, mainly for decorative or identification purposes. Despite alumina is widely employed in many different industries, the need of printing directly on its surface is still a complex problem. In this sense, lasers have largely demonstrated their high capacities to mark almost every material including ceramics, but performing dark permanent marks on alumina is still an open challenge. In this work we present the results of a comprehensive experimental analysis on the process of marking alumina by laser. Four different laser sources were used in this study: a fiber laser (1075 nm) and three diode pumped Nd:YVO4 lasers emitting at near-infrared (1064 nm), visible (532 nm) and ultraviolet (355 nm) wavelengths, respectively. The results obtained with the four lasers were compared and physical processes involved were explained in detail. Colorimetric analyses allowed to identify the optimal parameters and conditions to produce everlasting and high contrast marks on alumina.

  2. Registration and Marking Requirements for UAS. Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Registration

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    2005-01-01

    The registration of an aircraft is a prerequisite for issuance of a U.S. certificate of airworthiness by the FAA. The procedures and requirements for aircraft registration, and the subsequent issuance of registration numbers, are contained in FAR Part 47. However, the process/method(s) for applying the requirements of Parts 45 & 47 to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has not been defined. This task resolved the application of 14 CFR Parts 45 and 47 to UAS. Key Findings: UAS are aircraft systems and as such the recommended approach to registration is to follow the same process for registration as manned aircraft. This will require manufacturers to comply with the requirements for 14 CFR 47, Aircraft Registration and 14 CFR 45, Identification and Registration Marking. In addition, only the UA should be identified with the N number registration markings. There should also be a documentation link showing the applicability of the control station and communication link to the UA. The documentation link can be in the form of a Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) entry or a UAS logbook entry. The recommended process for the registration of UAS is similar to the manned aircraft process and is outlined in a 6-step process in the paper.

  3. Correlation of RNA secondary structure and attenuation of Sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus in tissue culture.

    PubMed

    Macadam, A J; Ferguson, G; Burlison, J; Stone, D; Skuce, R; Almond, J W; Minor, P D

    1992-08-01

    Part of the 5' noncoding regions of all three Sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus contains determinants of attenuation that are shown here to influence the ability of these strains to grow at elevated temperatures in BGM cells. The predicted RNA secondary structure of this region (nt 464-542 in P3/Sabin) suggests that both phenotypes are due to perturbation of base-paired stems. Ts phenotypes of site-directed mutants with defined changes in this region correlated well with predicted secondary structure stabilities. Reversal of base-pair orientation had little effect whereas stem disruption led to marked increases in temperature sensitivity. Phenotypic revertants of such viruses displayed mutations on either side of the stem. Mutations destabilizing stems led to intermediate phenotypes. These results provided evidence for the biological significance of the predicted RNA secondary structure.

  4. Cairo, Egypt as seen from STS-62

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1994-03-05

    STS062-108-058 (4-18 March 1994) --- Cairo lies at the apex of the great delta of the Nile: the delta is marked by the strong greens of cultivated lands, Cairo by the gray sprawl along the river and the eastern delta apex as it develops in the direction of the airports and Suez. The city of El Giza lies on the west side of the Nile with the Giza pyramids in the desert just beyond the cultivated lands. Several major canals lead water to parts of the delta more distant from the Nile; generally these can be recognized as straighter, more engineered waterways. Towards the top left, the bifurcation of the Rosetta and Damietta branches of the Nile can be seen. These are the two major present-day veins of the Nile as it approaches the Mediterranean.

  5. 19 CFR 11.13 - False designations of origin and false descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver. 11.13 Section 11.13 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND... gold or silver. (a) Articles which bear, or the containers which bear, false designations of origin, or.... 1405q, and shall be detained. (b) Articles made in whole or in part of gold or silver or alloys thereof...

  6. 19 CFR 11.13 - False designations of origin and false descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver. 11.13 Section 11.13 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND... gold or silver. (a) Articles which bear, or the containers which bear, false designations of origin, or.... 1405q, and shall be detained. (b) Articles made in whole or in part of gold or silver or alloys thereof...

  7. 19 CFR 11.13 - False designations of origin and false descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver. 11.13 Section 11.13 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND... gold or silver. (a) Articles which bear, or the containers which bear, false designations of origin, or.... 1405q, and shall be detained. (b) Articles made in whole or in part of gold or silver or alloys thereof...

  8. 19 CFR 11.13 - False designations of origin and false descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver. 11.13 Section 11.13 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND... gold or silver. (a) Articles which bear, or the containers which bear, false designations of origin, or.... 1405q, and shall be detained. (b) Articles made in whole or in part of gold or silver or alloys thereof...

  9. 19 CFR 11.13 - False designations of origin and false descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... descriptions; false marking of articles of gold or silver. 11.13 Section 11.13 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND... gold or silver. (a) Articles which bear, or the containers which bear, false designations of origin, or.... 1405q, and shall be detained. (b) Articles made in whole or in part of gold or silver or alloys thereof...

  10. Vande Hei and Acaba at Walt Whitman Middle School

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2018-06-14

    NASA astronauts Joe Acaba, left, and Mark Vande Hei, right, present Walt Whitman Middle School Principal Craig Herring with a montage from their Expedition 54 mission, Thursday, June 14, 2018 in Alexandria, Va. Acaba and astronaut Mark Vande Hei answered questions from the audience and spoke about their experiences aboard the International Space Station for 168 days as part of Expedition 53 and 54. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

  11. Kelly during Twins Study Experiment Operations

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2015-09-24

    ISS045E028258 (09/24/2015) --- NASA astronaut Scott Kelly gives himself a flu shot for an ongoing study on the human immune system. The vaccination is part of NASA’s Twins Study, a compilation of multiple investigations that take advantage of a unique opportunity to study identical twin astronauts Scott and Mark Kelly, while Scott spends a year aboard the International Space Station and Mark remains on Earth.

  12. Alternate concepts study extension. Volume 2: Part 4: Avionics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1971-01-01

    A recommended baseline system is presented along with alternate avionics systems, Mark 2 avionics, booster avionics, and a cost summary. Analyses and discussions are included on the Mark 1 orbiter avionics subsystems, electrical ground support equipment, and the computer programs. Results indicate a need to define all subsystems of the baseline system, an installation study to determine the impact on the crew station, and a study on access for maintenance.

  13. Do Persian Native Speakers Prosodically Mark Wh-in-situ Questions?

    PubMed

    Shiamizadeh, Zohreh; Caspers, Johanneke; Schiller, Niels O

    2018-02-01

    It has been shown that prosody contributes to the contrast between declarativity and interrogativity, notably in interrogative utterances lacking lexico-syntactic features of interrogativity. Accordingly, it may be proposed that prosody plays a role in marking wh-in-situ questions in which the interrogativity feature (the wh-phrase) does not move to sentence-initial position, as, for example, in Persian. This paper examines whether prosody distinguishes Persian wh-in-situ questions from declaratives in the absence of the interrogativity feature in the sentence-initial position. To answer this question, a production experiment was designed in which wh-questions and declaratives were elicited from Persian native speakers. On the basis of the results of previous studies, we hypothesize that prosodic features mark wh-in-situ questions as opposed to declaratives at both the local (pre- and post-wh part) and global level (complete sentence). The results of the current study confirm our hypothesis that prosodic correlates mark the pre-wh part as well as the complete sentence in wh-in-situ questions. The results support theoretical concepts such as the frequency code, the universal dichotomous association between relaxation and declarativity on the one hand and tension and interrogativity on the other, the relation between prosody and pragmatics, and the relation between prosody and encoding and decoding of sentence type.

  14. Heart rate variability of human in hypoxic oxygen-argon environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khayrullina, Rezeda; Smoleevskiy, Alexandr; Bubeev, Yuri

    Human adaptive capacity, reliability and stability in extreme environments depend primarily on the individual resistance to stresses, includes both innate and acquired components. We have conducted studies in six healthy subjects - men aged between 24 to 42 years who psychophysiological indicators acterizing the severity of stress reactions studied directly during an emergency situation, before and after it. The subjects were in a hypoxic oxygen-argon atmosphere 10 days. Cardiovascular system is one of the first to respond to stressful reaction. The method of heart rate variability (HRV) allows us to estimate balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of vegetative nervous system. In the course of the baseline study it was found that resting heart rate (HR) in the examined individuals is within normal limits. During the experiment in all subjects there was a trend towards more frequent heartbeat. Each subject at one stage or another stay in a hypoxic oxygen-argon environment heart rate go beyond the group norm, but the extent and duration of these abnormalities were significantly different. Marked increase in middle heart rate during of subjects experiment, fluctuating within a wide range (from 2.3% to 29.1%). Marked increase in middle heart rate during of subjects experiment, fluctuating within a wide range (from 2.3% to 29.1%). This suggests that the ability to adapt to living in the investigated gas environment have marked individual differences. SDNN (mean square deviation of all R-R intervals) is the integral indicator of the total effect of the sinus node to the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of vegetative nervous system, as well as indicating the higher functional reserves of the cardiovascular systems. Increase in heart rate in the majority of subject was accompanied by an increase in individual SDNN. This suggests that the parasympathetic system is able to balance the increase in activity of the sympathetic system, and functional reserves are sufficient. However, the opposite dynamic test 02 - accompanied by a decrease heart rate increase SDNN. The survey detected that all subjects marked signs of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Besides when short-term exposure (up to 10 days) in most researched factor in the majority of patients was enough functional reserves to adapt to the conditions of a changed atmosphere. However, the adaptation process was accompanied by severe stress and compensatory mechanisms for longer stay in hypoxic conditions, oxygen-argon environment may develop adverse effects associated with sympathicotony.

  15. Ionization Cross Sections and Dissociation Channels of DNA Bases by Electron Collisions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Huo, Winifred M.; Dateo, Christopher E.; Fletcher, Graham D.

    2004-01-01

    Free secondary electrons are the most abundant secondary species in ionizing radiation. Their role in DNA damage, both direct and indirect, is an active area of research. While indirect damage by free radicals, particularly by the hydroxyl radical generated by electron collision with water. is relatively well studied, damage by direct electron collision with DNA is less well understood. Only recently Boudaiffa et al. demonstrated that electrons at energies well below ionization thresholds can induce substantial yields of single- and double-strand breaks in DNA by a resonant, dissociative attachment process. This study attracted renewed interest in electron collisions with DNA, especially in the low energy region. At higher energies ionization becomes important. While Monte Carlo track simulations of radiation damage always include ionization, the probability of dissociative ionization, i.e., simultaneous ionization and dissociation, is ignored. Just like dissociative attachment, dissociative ionization may be an important contributor to double-strand breaks since the radicals and ions produced by dissociative ionization, located in the vicinity of the DNA coil, can readily interact with other parts of the DNA. Using the improved binary-encounter dipole (iBED) formulation, we calculated the ionization cross sections of the four DNA bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, by electrons at energies from threshold to 1 KeV. The present calculation gives cross sections approximately 20% lower than the results by Bemhardt and Paretzke using the Deutsch-Mark and Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) formalisms. The difference is most likely due to the lack of a shielding term in the dipole potential used in the Deutsch-Mark and BEB formalisms. The dissociation channels of ionization for the bases are currently being studied.

  16. Preliminary crustal deformation model deduced from GPS and earthquakes’ data at Abu-Dabbab area, Eastern Desert, Egypt

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mohamed, Abdel-Monem S.; Hosny, A.; Abou-Aly, N.; Saleh, M.; Rayan, A.

    2013-06-01

    A local geodetic network consisting of eleven benchmarks has been established to study the recent crustal deformation in the Abu-Dabbab area. Seven campaigns of GPS measurements have been collected started from October 2008 and ended in March 2012. The collected data were processed using Bernese version 5.0, and the result values were adjusted to get the more accurate positions of the GPS stations. The magnitudes of horizontal displacements are variable from one epoch to another and in the range of 1-3 (±0.2) mm/yr. Due to the differences in rates of the horizontal displacement; the area is divided into two main blocks. The first one, moves to the east direction of about 3 mm/yr, while the second block, moves to the SW direction of about 6 mm/yr. According to the strain fields that were calculated for the different epochs of measurement, the main force is compression force and is taken the NW-SE to NWW-SEE direction. This force could be because of local and regional tectonic processes affecting on the study area. The maximum values of compression stress are found in the southern central and western part of study area. Estimated accumulation of this strain energy may be considered as an indicator of the possibility of earthquake occurrence. From the seismic tomography study, the 3D Vp and Vp/Vs crustal models indicate high Vp/Vs values forms an elongated anomaly, in the central part of the study area, that extends from a depth of 12 km to about 1-2 km of depth is obtained. By using this crustal model in relocations all seismicity informed that most of the seismicity strongly tend to occur in a cluster manner exactly above the southern part of the study area. Based on the conducted source mechanism study, it is noticed that shallow earthquakes are associated by a high CLVD ratio (up to 40%). Furthermore, initiation of a high level seismic activity, without a large seismic main shock is observed in the Abu-Dabbab area. The distribution of micro-earthquakes tends to align in an ENE-WSW direction marking a zone of activity verse the Red Sea. The nucleation of the seismic activity beneath the southern part of the Abu-Dabbab crust is more consistent with the obtained crustal deformation result by increasing the crustal movement in the south part than the northern part. Then, based on the obtained results of the above mentioned studies; seismic tomography; source mechanisms, and crustal deformation we conclude that these seismic activities that are associated by crustal deformation are owing to some magma activity beneath the crust of the Abu-Dabbab area.

  17. Laboratory Animal Housing--Parts I and II.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Runkle, Robert S.

    1963-01-01

    In recent years, the use of laboratory animals for bio-medical research has shown marked increase. Economic and efficient housing is a necessity. This two part report established guidelines for design and selection of materials for conventional animal housing. Contents include--(1) production and breeding facilities, (2) quarantine facilities, (3)…

  18. 14 CFR 21.316 - Responsibility of holder.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCTS AND PARTS Approval of Materials, Parts, Processes, and Appliances § 21.316... conforms to its approved design and is in a condition for safe operation; (d) Mark the PMA article for...) Have access to design data necessary to determine conformity and airworthiness for each article...

  19. Mass marking of juvenile Schizothorax wangchiachii (Fang) with alizarin red S and evaluation of stock enhancement in the Jinping area of the Yalong River

    PubMed Central

    Yang, Kun; Li, Shu; Liu, Xiaoshuai; Gan, Weixiong; Deng, Longjun; Tang, Yezhong

    2017-01-01

    Schizothorax wangchiachii is a key fish species in the stock enhancement program of the Yalong River hydropower project, China. Alizarin red S (ARS) was used to mark large numbers of juvenile S. wangchiachii in the Jinping Hatchery and later used to evaluate stock enhancement in the Jinping area of the Yalong River. In a small-scale pilot study, 7,000 juveniles of the 2014 cohort were successfully marked by immersion in ARS solution, and no mortality was recorded during the marking process. The ARS mark in the fish otoliths remained visible 20 months later. In the large-scale marking study, approximately 600,000 juveniles of the 2015 cohort were successfully marked. Mortalities of both marked and unmarked juveniles were very low and did not differ significantly. Total length, wet mass and condition factor did not differ significantly between unmarked and marked individuals after three months. On 24 July 2015, about 840,000 Jinping Hatchery-produced young S. wangchiachii, including 400,000 marked individuals, were released at two sites in the Jinping area. Recapture surveys showed that (1) marked and unmarked S. wangchiachii did not differ significantly in total length, wet mass and condition factor; (2) stocked individuals became an important part of recruitment of the 2015 cohort; (3) instantaneous growth rate of marked individuals tended to slightly increase; and (4) most stocked individuals were distributed along a 10–15 km stretch near the release sites. These results suggest that the ARS method is a cost-efficient way to mass mark juvenile S. wangchiachii and that releasing juveniles is an effective means of stock recruitment. PMID:29230371

  20. 75 FR 66007 - Mark Edward Leyse; Mark Edward Leyse and Raymond Shadis, on Behalf of the New England Coalition...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-27

    ... cladding temperature in order to provide a necessary margin of safety in the event of a loss-of-coolant... confirming that we have received your comments, contact us directly at 301-415-1677. Hand-deliver comments to...-conservative in their peak cladding temperature limit of 2200 [deg]F, and that the Baker-Just and Cathcart...

  1. MENC in International Perspective: In Its First One Hundred Years, MENC Has Had an Impact on Music Education Not Only in the United States, but Globally

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McCarthy, Marie

    2007-01-01

    The year 2007 marks the centennial celebration of MENC: The National Association for Music Education. Anniversaries mark important milestones in the development of a professional association. They provide an occasion for remembering past achievements and envisioning future directions. MENC, which was initially known as Music Supervisors National…

  2. 75 FR 70861 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0100, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-19

    ... source can develop in the wing tank vapour space during fuel transfer from bag tank CWT [center wing tank... vapour space during fuel transfer from bag tank CWT [center wing tank], if the electrical power for... with a center wing tank (CWT); and Model F28 Mark 0100 airplanes, serial numbers 11244 through 11441...

  3. Regional Development Partnerships in Sweden: A Way for Higher Education Institutions to Develop their Role in the Processes of Regional Governance?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hudson, Christine

    2006-01-01

    This paper focuses on the multi-sectoral regional growth partnerships established as part of the new Swedish regional policy. It asks the question whether participation in these partnerships marks a closer involvement on the part of universities in the processes of regional governance. This paper argues that at least part of the explanation for…

  4. Cultural and ethnic differences in the acceptance or rejection of liposuction instrumentation entrance marks.

    PubMed

    Field, Lawrence M

    2007-01-01

    The acceptance of visible marks on the skin as a result of surgical procedures varies by the necessity of the procedure (ie, cosmetic or not) and by the cultural interpretation of those sequelae. As liposuction has become the most commonly performed major cosmetic procedure in the US, and perhaps throughout the world, the visible stigmata resulting from the surgical invasion may be of major consequence to some while they remain of little or no consequence to others. This article explores the national, cultural, racial, and ethnic variations in the acceptance or rejection of visible marks on the skin in several parts of world.

  5. Concealed wire tracing apparatus

    DOEpatents

    Kronberg, J.W.

    1994-05-31

    An apparatus and method that combines a signal generator and a passive signal receiver to detect and record the path of partially or completely concealed electrical wiring without disturbing the concealing surface is disclosed. The signal generator applies a series of electrical pulses to the selected wiring of interest. The applied pulses create a magnetic field about the wiring that can be detected by a coil contained within the signal receiver. An audible output connected to the receiver and driven by the coil reflects the receivers position with respect to the wiring. The receivers audible signal is strongest when the receiver is directly above the wiring and the long axis of the receivers coil is parallel to the wiring. A marking means is mounted on the receiver to mark the location of the wiring as the receiver is directed over the wiring's concealing surface. Numerous marks made on various locations of the concealing surface will trace the path of the wiring of interest. 4 figs.

  6. A Comparison between Deep and Shallow Stress Fields in Korea Using Earthquake Focal Mechanism Inversions and Hydraulic Fracturing Stress Measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Rayeon; Chang, Chandong; Hong, Tae-kyung; Lee, Junhyung; Bae, Seong-Ho; Park, Eui-Seob; Park, Chan

    2016-04-01

    We are characterizing stress fields in Korea using two types of stress data: earthquake focal mechanism inversions (FMF) and hydraulic fracturing stress measurements (HF). The earthquake focal mechanism inversion data represent stress conditions at 2-20 km depths, whereas the hydraulic fracturing stress measurements, mostly conducted for geotechnical purposes, have been carried out at depths shallower than 1 km. We classified individual stress data based on the World Stress Map quality ranking scheme. A total of 20 FMF data were classified into A-B quality, possibly representing tectonic stress fields. A total of 83 HF data out of compiled 226 data were classified into B-C quality, which we use for shallow stress field characterization. The tectonic stress, revealed from the FMF data, is characterized by a remarkable consistency in its maximum stress (σ1) directions in and around Korea (N79±2° E), indicating a quite uniform deep stress field throughout. On the other hand, the shallow stress field, represented by HF data, exhibits local variations in σ1 directions, possibly due to effects of topography and geologic structures such as faults. Nonetheless, there is a general similarity in σ1 directions between deep and shallow stress fields. To investigate the shallow stress field statistically, we follow 'the mean orientation and wavelength analysis' suggested by Reiter et al. (2014). After the stress pattern analysis, the resulting stress points distribute sporadically over the country, not covering the entire region evenly. In the western part of Korea, the shallow σ1directions are generally uniform with their search radius reaching 100 km, where the average stress direction agrees well with those of the deep tectonic stress. We note two noticeable differences between shallow and deep stresses in the eastern part of Korea. First, the shallow σ1 orientations are markedly non-uniform in the southeastern part of Korea with their search radius less than 25 km. In this region, the average σ1orientation based on the entire B-C quality stress data is calculated to be 77±37° ; however, the average orientation is somewhat meaningless because of the high standard deviation. The southeastern part of Korea consists mainly of Cretaceous sedimentary basin, geologically younger than the rest of the country, where regional scale faults are intensely populated. The highly scattered stress directions in this region may represent the effect of the geologic structures on shallow stress field. Second, shallow σ1 directions in the northeastern part of Korea strike consistently to 135±12° , which is deviated by as much as 56° from the deep tectonic stress direction. This region is characterized by high altitude mountainous topography (an elevation of an order of 1 km) with its major ridge axis in the NW-SE direction. We interpret, as a rule of thumb, that the ridge-perpendicular shallow horizontal stress components may be weak, leading to the ridge-parallel components to be the maximum. Overall, there are similarity and also difference between shallow and deep stress fields. Thus, it will be necessary to differentiate the strategy to tackle the stress-related problems based on their natures.

  7. Endothelial protection: avoiding air bubble formation at the phacoemulsification tip.

    PubMed

    Kim, Eung Kweon; Cristol, Stephen M; Kang, Shin J; Edelhauser, Henry F; Yeon, Dong-Soo; Lee, Jae Bum

    2002-03-01

    To investigate the conditions under which bubbles form during phacoemulsification. Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. In the first part of the study, the partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)) was used as a surrogate measure for the partial pressure of air. Irrigation solutions packaged in glass and plastic containers were studied. A directly vented glass bottle was also tested. The pO(2) of the various irrigation solutions was measured as the containers were emptied. In the second part, phacoemulsification procedures were performed in rabbit eyes with different power settings and different irrigation solutions. Intracameral bubble formation during the procedure was recorded. Following the phacoemulsification procedures, the corneas were stained for F-actin and examined for endothelial injury. The initial pO(2) in irrigation solutions packaged in glass bottles was about half that at atmospheric levels; in solutions packaged in plastic, it was at atmospheric levels. As irrigation solutions were drained from the container, the pO(2) of the solution tended to rise toward atmospheric levels. The rate of pO(2) increase was markedly reduced by using a directly vented glass bottle. In the phacoemulsification procedures, bubble formation was most likely to occur with higher pO(2) and higher power settings. Observation of bubbles by the surgeon was highly correlated with endothelial damage. Keeping the pO(2) low reduced the risk of endothelial damage, especially at higher phacoemulsification powers. The packaging of irrigation solutions was the most important factor in controlling the initial pO(2) of the solution. The pO(2) can be minimized throughout a phacoemulsification procedure by using a directly vented glass bottle.

  8. Exploring students' perceptions on the use of significant event analysis, as part of a portfolio assessment process in general practice, as a tool for learning how to use reflection in learning

    PubMed Central

    Grant, Andrew J; Vermunt, Jan D; Kinnersley, Paul; Houston, Helen

    2007-01-01

    Background Portfolio learning enables students to collect evidence of their learning. Component tasks making up a portfolio can be devised that relate directly to intended learning outcomes. Reflective tasks can stimulate students to recognise their own learning needs. Assessment of portfolios using a rating scale relating to intended learning outcomes offers high content validity. This study evaluated a reflective portfolio used during a final-year attachment in general practice (family medicine). Students were asked to evaluate the portfolio (which used significant event analysis as a basis for reflection) as a learning tool. The validity and reliability of the portfolio as an assessment tool were also measured. Methods 81 final-year medical students completed reflective significant event analyses as part of a portfolio created during a three-week attachment (clerkship) in general practice (family medicine). As well as two reflective significant event analyses each portfolio contained an audit and a health needs assessment. Portfolios were marked three times; by the student's GP teacher, the course organiser and by another teacher in the university department of general practice. Inter-rater reliability between pairs of markers was calculated. A questionnaire enabled the students' experience of portfolio learning to be determined. Results Benefits to learning from reflective learning were limited. Students said that they thought more about the patients they wrote up in significant event analyses but information as to the nature and effect of this was not forthcoming. Moderate inter-rater reliability (Spearman's Rho .65) was found between pairs of departmental raters dealing with larger numbers (20 – 60) of portfolios. Inter-rater reliability of marking involving GP tutors who only marked 1 – 3 portfolios was very low. Students rated highly their mentoring relationship with their GP teacher but found the portfolio tasks time-consuming. Conclusion The inter-rater reliability observed in this study should be viewed alongside the high validity afforded by the authenticity of the learning tasks (compared with a sample of a student's learning taken by an exam question). Validity is enhanced by the rating scale which directly connects the grade given with intended learning outcomes. The moderate inter-rater reliability may be increased if a portfolio is completed over a longer period of time and contains more component pieces of work. The questionnaire used in this study only accessed limited information about the effect of reflection on students' learning. Qualitative methods of evaluation would determine the students experience in greater depth. It would be useful to evaluate the effects of reflective learning after students have had more time to get used to this unfamiliar method of learning and to overcome any problems in understanding the task. PMID:17397544

  9. Exploring students' perceptions on the use of significant event analysis, as part of a portfolio assessment process in general practice, as a tool for learning how to use reflection in learning.

    PubMed

    Grant, Andrew J; Vermunt, Jan D; Kinnersley, Paul; Houston, Helen

    2007-03-30

    Portfolio learning enables students to collect evidence of their learning. Component tasks making up a portfolio can be devised that relate directly to intended learning outcomes. Reflective tasks can stimulate students to recognise their own learning needs. Assessment of portfolios using a rating scale relating to intended learning outcomes offers high content validity. This study evaluated a reflective portfolio used during a final-year attachment in general practice (family medicine). Students were asked to evaluate the portfolio (which used significant event analysis as a basis for reflection) as a learning tool. The validity and reliability of the portfolio as an assessment tool were also measured. 81 final-year medical students completed reflective significant event analyses as part of a portfolio created during a three-week attachment (clerkship) in general practice (family medicine). As well as two reflective significant event analyses each portfolio contained an audit and a health needs assessment. Portfolios were marked three times; by the student's GP teacher, the course organiser and by another teacher in the university department of general practice. Inter-rater reliability between pairs of markers was calculated. A questionnaire enabled the students' experience of portfolio learning to be determined. Benefits to learning from reflective learning were limited. Students said that they thought more about the patients they wrote up in significant event analyses but information as to the nature and effect of this was not forthcoming. Moderate inter-rater reliability (Spearman's Rho .65) was found between pairs of departmental raters dealing with larger numbers (20-60) of portfolios. Inter-rater reliability of marking involving GP tutors who only marked 1-3 portfolios was very low. Students rated highly their mentoring relationship with their GP teacher but found the portfolio tasks time-consuming. The inter-rater reliability observed in this study should be viewed alongside the high validity afforded by the authenticity of the learning tasks (compared with a sample of a student's learning taken by an exam question). Validity is enhanced by the rating scale which directly connects the grade given with intended learning outcomes. The moderate inter-rater reliability may be increased if a portfolio is completed over a longer period of time and contains more component pieces of work. The questionnaire used in this study only accessed limited information about the effect of reflection on students' learning. Qualitative methods of evaluation would determine the students experience in greater depth. It would be useful to evaluate the effects of reflective learning after students have had more time to get used to this unfamiliar method of learning and to overcome any problems in understanding the task.

  10. Microscopic analysis and simulation of check-mark stain on the galvanized steel strip

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    So, Hongyun; Yoon, Hyun Gi; Chung, Myung Kyoon

    2010-11-01

    When galvanized steel strip is produced through a continuous hot-dip galvanizing process, the thickness of adhered zinc film is controlled by plane impinging air gas jet referred to as "air-knife system". In such a gas-jet wiping process, stain of check-mark or sag line shape frequently appears. The check-mark defect is caused by non-uniform zinc coating and the oblique patterns such as "W", "V" or "X" on the coated surface. The present paper presents a cause and analysis of the check-mark formation and a numerical simulation of sag lines by using the numerical data produced by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of the three-dimensional compressible turbulent flow field around the air-knife system. It was found that there is alternating plane-wise vortices near the impinging stagnation region and such alternating vortices move almost periodically to the right and to the left sides on the stagnation line due to the jet flow instability. Meanwhile, in order to simulate the check-mark formation, a novel perturbation model has been developed to predict the variation of coating thickness along the transverse direction. Finally, the three-dimensional zinc coating surface was obtained by the present perturbation model. It was found that the sag line formation is determined by the combination of the instantaneous coating thickness distribution along the transverse direction near the stagnation line and the feed speed of the steel strip.

  11. Directional detector of gamma rays

    DOEpatents

    Cox, Samson A.; Levert, Francis E.

    1979-01-01

    A directional detector of gamma rays comprises a strip of an electrical cuctor of high atomic number backed with a strip of a second electrical conductor of low atomic number. These elements are enclosed within an electrical conductor that establishes an electrical ground, maintains a vacuum enclosure and screens out low-energy gamma rays. The detector exhibits a directional sensitivity marked by an increased output in the favored direction by a factor of ten over the output in the unfavored direction.

  12. Transcription factors, coregulators, and epigenetic marks are linearly correlated and highly redundant

    PubMed Central

    Ahsendorf, Tobias; Müller, Franz-Josef; Topkar, Ved; Gunawardena, Jeremy; Eils, Roland

    2017-01-01

    The DNA microstates that regulate transcription include sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs), coregulatory complexes, nucleosomes, histone modifications, DNA methylation, and parts of the three-dimensional architecture of genomes, which could create an enormous combinatorial complexity across the genome. However, many proteins and epigenetic marks are known to colocalize, suggesting that the information content encoded in these marks can be compressed. It has so far proved difficult to understand this compression in a systematic and quantitative manner. Here, we show that simple linear models can reliably predict the data generated by the ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics consortia. Further, we demonstrate that a small number of marks can predict all other marks with high average correlation across the genome, systematically revealing the substantial information compression that is present in different cell lines. We find that the linear models for activating marks are typically cell line-independent, while those for silencing marks are predominantly cell line-specific. Of particular note, a nuclear receptor corepressor, transducin beta-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBLR1), was highly predictive of other marks in two hematopoietic cell lines. The methodology presented here shows how the potentially vast complexity of TFs, coregulators, and epigenetic marks at eukaryotic genes is highly redundant and that the information present can be compressed onto a much smaller subset of marks. These findings could be used to efficiently characterize cell lines and tissues based on a small number of diagnostic marks and suggest how the DNA microstates, which regulate the expression of individual genes, can be specified. PMID:29216191

  13. Supporting drivers in forming correct expectations about transitions between rural road categories.

    PubMed

    Stelling-Konczak, Agnieszka; Aarts, Letty; Duivenvoorden, Kirsten; Goldenbeld, Charles

    2011-01-01

    In order to support drivers in forming the right expectations on the road, road categories are being made recognisable and predictable in the Netherlands. The present study investigated which of the selected road layouts can make rural road categories most recognisable for road users, especially in transitions from one road category to another. A second objective was to study whether explicit information could contribute to a better recognisability of transitions. The experiment was performed with a series of photographs showing sections of two road categories with an intersection in between. The road layout of road categories varied in markings and separation of driving direction (within-subjects factor). Informed and non-informed participants (between-subjects factor) had to indicate their expectations regarding speed limit and access restriction of each road section, before and after a transition. The results show that for transitions between distributor and through roads, the physicality of separation of driving direction is a better distinctive characteristic than the currently used edge marking. The green centre marking on through roads also enhances recognisability, but only with additional information. As far as transitions between distributor and access roads are concerned, the results demonstrate that this type of transitions is better recognised when no markings on access roads are present. Physical separation of driving directions on distributor roads also improves recognisability, although this layout is associated with higher speed limits. Providing explicit information has in general a positive effect on the reconisability of transitions. Implications are discussed in the light of potential safety effects. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Effects of water temperature on the mortality of field-collected fish marked with fluorescent pigment

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Holland Bartels, L. E.; Dewey, M.R.; Zigler, S.J.

    1989-01-01

    The cumulative effects of collection, handling, and marking with fluorescent pigment on the mortality of adult minnows, young-of-the-year centrarchids, and large centrarchids and percids was determined at five water temperatures (10-20.6 degree C) in field trials. There have been few field trials of this type. The mortality of centrarchids and percids was directly related to temperature and decreased noticeably when the temperature was below 19.5 degree C. The mortality of minnows decreased somewhat as river temperatures cooled but was always at least 50%. Variation was high in the temperature-related patterns of mortality in different taxa and sizes of fish. This variation complicates the accuracy and usefulness of pigment in marking field-collected fish for mark-recapture studies in warmwater systems.

  15. Transgenerational response to stress in plants and its application for breeding.

    PubMed

    Bilichak, Andriy; Kovalchuk, Igor

    2016-03-01

    A growing number of reports indicate that plants possess the ability to maintain a memory of stress exposure throughout their ontogenesis and even transmit it faithfully to the following generation. Some of the features of transgenerational memory include elevated genome instability, a higher tolerance to stress experienced by parents, and a cross-tolerance. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are not clear, a likely contributing factor is the absence of full-scale reprogramming of the epigenetic landscape during gametogenesis; therefore, epigenetic marks can occasionally escape the reprogramming process and can be passed on to the progeny. To date, it is not entirely clear which part of the epigenetic landscape is more likely to escape the reprogramming events, and whether such a process is random or directed and sequence specific. The identification of specific epigenetic marks associated with specific stressors would allow generation of stress-tolerant plants through the recently discovered techniques for precision epigenome engineering. The engineered DNA-binding domains (e.g. ZF, TALE, and dCas9) fused to particular chromatin modifiers would make it possible to target epigenetic modifications to the selected loci, probably allowing stress tolerance to be achieved in the progeny. This approach, termed epigenetic breeding, along with other methods has great potential to be used for both the assessment of the propagation of epigenetic marks across generations and trait improvement in plants. In this communication, we provide a short overview of recent reports demonstrating a transgenerational response to stress in plants, and discuss the underlying potential molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon and its use for plant biotechnology applications. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  16. Marking emergency exits and evacuation routes with sound beacons utilizing the precedence effect

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    van Wijngaarden, Sander J.; Bronkhorst, Adelbert W.; Boer, Louis C.

    2004-05-01

    Sound beacons can be extremely useful during emergency evacuations, especially when vision is obscured by smoke. When exits are marked with suitable sound sources, people can find these using only their capacity for directional hearing. Unfortunately, unless very explicit instructions were given, sound beacons currently commercially available (based on modulated noise) led to disappointing results during an evacuation experiment in a traffic tunnel. Only 19% out of 65 subjects were able to find an exit by ear. A signal designed to be more self-explanatory and less hostile-sounding (alternating chime signal and spoken message ``exit here'') increased the success rate to 86%. In a more complex environment-a mock-up of a ship's interior-routes to the exit were marked using multiple beacons. By applying carefully designed time delays between successive beacons, the direction of the route was marked, utilizing the precedence effect. Out of 34 subjects, 71% correctly followed the evacuation route by ear (compared to 24% for a noise signal as used in commercially available beacons). Even when subjects were forced to make a worst-case left-right decision at a T-junction, between two beacons differing only in arrival of the first wave front, 77% made the right decision.

  17. Making a Difference: Outcomes of a Decade of Assessment in Higher Education. The Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Banta, Trudy W.; And Others

    This five-part volume presents a comprehensive collection of 24 accounts of campus assessment practices by the individuals who developed and implemented them. Part 1 presents the stories of five institutions in which assessment has effected a marked change in the way faculty and staff do their work. Part 2 describes some of the broad approaches to…

  18. 78 FR 24304 - Petition for Exemption From the Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Maserati North America Inc.

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-24

    ... From the Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Maserati North America Inc. AGENCY: National Highway... exemption of the Quattroporte vehicle line in accordance with 49 CFR Part 543, Exemption from the Theft... motor vehicle theft as compliance with the parts-marking requirements of the Theft Prevention Standard...

  19. 32 CFR Appendix A to Part 295 - For Official Use Only (FOUO)

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false For Official Use Only (FOUO) A Appendix A to Part 295 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... outside the Department of Defense requires application of an expanded marking to explain the significance...

  20. Acquisitions List No. 43.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

    The "Acquisitions List" of demographic books and articles is issued every two months by the Katharine Dexter McCormick Library. Divided into two parts, the first contains a list of books most recently acquired by the Library, each one annotated and also marked with the Library call number. The second part consists of a list of annotated articles,…

  1. Acquisitions List No. 42.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

    The "Acquisitions List" of demographic books and articles is issued every two months by the Katharine Dexter McCormick Library. Divided into two parts, the first contains a list of books most recently acquired by the Library, each one annotated and also marked with the Library call number. The second part consists of a list of annotated articles,…

  2. Direct evidence of hybodont shark predation on Late Jurassic ammonites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vullo, Romain

    2011-06-01

    Sharks are known to have been ammonoid predators, as indicated by analysis of bite marks or coprolite contents. However, body fossil associations attesting to this predator-prey relationship have never been described so far. Here, I report a unique finding from the Late Jurassic of western France: a complete specimen of the Kimmeridgian ammonite Orthaspidoceras bearing one tooth of the hybodont shark Planohybodus. Some possible tooth puncture marks are also observed. This is the first direct evidence of such a trophic link between these two major Mesozoic groups, allowing an accurate identification of both organisms. Although Planohybodus displays a tearing-type dentition generally assumed to have been especially adapted for large unshelled prey, our discovery clearly shows that this shark was also able to attack robust ammonites such as aspidoceratids. The direct evidence presented here provides new insights into the Mesozoic marine ecosystem food webs.

  3. Influence of Shear Stiffness Degradation on Crack Paths in Uni-Directional Composite Laminates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Satyanarayana, Arunkumar; Bogert, Phil B.

    2017-01-01

    Influence of shear stiffness degradation in an element, due to damage, on crack paths in uni-directional laminates has been demonstrated. A new shear stiffness degradation approach to improve crack path prediction has been developed and implemented in an ABAQUS/Explicit frame work using VUMAT. Three progressive failure analysis models, built-in ABAQUS (TradeMark), original COmplete STress Reduction (COSTR) and the modified COSTR damage models have been utilized in this study to simulate crack paths in five unidirectional notched laminates, 15deg, 30deg, 45deg, 60deg and 75deg under uniaxial tension load. Results such as crack paths and load vs. edge displacement curves are documented in this report. Modified COSTR damage model shows better accuracy in predicting crack paths in all the uni-directional laminates compared to the ABAQUS (TradeMark) and the original COSTR damage models.

  4. The perceptual chunking of speech: a demonstration using ERPs.

    PubMed

    Gilbert, Annie C; Boucher, Victor J; Jemel, Boutheina

    2015-04-07

    In tasks involving the learning of verbal or non-verbal sequences, groupings are spontaneously produced. These groupings are generally marked by a lengthening of final elements and have been attributed to a domain-general perceptual chunking linked to working memory. Yet, no study has shown how this domain-general chunking applies to speech processing, partly because of the traditional view that chunking involves a conceptual recoding of meaningful verbal items like words (Miller, 1956). The present study provides a demonstration of the perceptual chunking of speech by way of two experiments using evoked Positive Shifts (PSs), which capture on-line neural responses to marks of various groups. We observed listeners׳ response to utterances (Experiment 1) and meaningless series of syllables (Experiment 2) containing changing intonation and temporal marks, while also examining how these marks affect the recognition of heard items. The results show that, across conditions - and irrespective of the presence of meaningful items - PSs are specifically evoked by groups marked by lengthening. Moreover, this on-line detection of marks corresponds to characteristic grouping effects on listeners' immediate recognition of heard items, which suggests chunking effects linked to working memory. These findings bear out a perceptual chunking of speech input in terms of groups marked by lengthening, which constitute the defining marks of a domain-general chunking. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. A survey of early Virginia road stones : sign rocks, milestones, and related objects.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-01-01

    A Virginia law of 1738 required that all crossroads be marked by posts of directions. Most of these signs were made of wood and have not survived. But some roads in Virginia featured more permanent forms of markers: directional signs and mileposts ma...

  6. Mechanisms responsible for decreased glomerular filtration in hibernation and hypothermia

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tempel, G. E.; Musacchia, X. J.; Jones, S. B.

    1977-01-01

    Measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, red blood cell and plasma volumes, and relative distribution of cardiac output were made on hibernating and hypothermic adult male and female golden hamsters weighing 120-140 g to study the mechanisms underlying the elimination or marked depression of renal function in hibernation and hypothermia. The results suggest that the elimination or marked depression in renal function reported in hibernation and hypothermia may partly be explained by alterations in cardiovascular system function. Renal perfusion pressure which decreases nearly 60% in both hibernation and hypothermia and a decrease in plasma volume of roughly 35% in the hypothermic animal might both be expected to markedly alter glomerular function.

  7. Astronaut Mark Linenger measures height of Astronaut Mark Lee during DSO

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1994-09-15

    STS064-05-020 (9-20 Sept. 1994) --- Astronaut Mark C. Lee gets his height measured by astronaut Jerry M. Linenger as part of a daily in-flight routine supporting a medical Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO). Astronaut Richard N. Richards, STS-64 mission commander, looks on in the background. This study was designed to collect information about back pain and height changes experienced by astronauts during flight. Crew members participating in this DSO are required to record height measurements and long back-pain symptoms daily. As an ongoing program, this DSO will gather data from 30 astronauts who spend more than eight consecutive days in space. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  8. Disc resonator gyroscope fabrication process requiring no bonding alignment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shcheglov, Kirill V. (Inventor)

    2010-01-01

    A method of fabricating a resonant vibratory sensor, such as a disc resonator gyro. A silicon baseplate wafer for a disc resonator gyro is provided with one or more locating marks. The disc resonator gyro is fabricated by bonding a blank resonator wafer, such as an SOI wafer, to the fabricated baseplate, and fabricating the resonator structure according to a pattern based at least in part upon the location of the at least one locating mark of the fabricated baseplate. MEMS-based processing is used for the fabrication processing. In some embodiments, the locating mark is visualized using optical and/or infrared viewing methods. A disc resonator gyroscope manufactured according to these methods is described.

  9. Analysis of tooth marks in a homicide case. Observations by means of visual description, stereo-photography, scanning electron microscopy and stereometric graphic plotting.

    PubMed

    Bang, G

    1976-01-01

    In 1957 a woman was murdered in Oslo. Her left breast exhibited tooth marks. A man was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment partly because of the dental evidence. He never admitted guilt and filed a petition for retrial. The present author was appointed as new dental expert. The material consisted of the fixed breast, models of the bite mark and models of the teeth of the convict, and several photographs. By means of visual examination, a magnifying glass, a lens stereoscope and a stereomicroscope characteristic details were noted. Stereoscopic picture pairs were taken, the material was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and a stereometricgraphic plotting method permitting the outline of the tooth mark or the biting edge of a tooth to be registered in great detail in all three dimensions in the form of a contour map. This method has not previously been applied in the analysis of tooth marks in human skin. These examinations revealed no discrepancies but showed many corresponding characteristic features between the tooth marks and the teeth of the convict, resulting in the conclusion that it is highly probable that the tooth marks in the breast were made by the teeth of the convict.

  10. Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using Molecular Beacons

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-09-01

    This article must therefore be hereby marked “ advertisement ” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1 To whom...Ambrosini, G., Adida , C., and Altieri, D. C. (1997) Nat. Med. 3, 917–921 17. Tanaka, K., Iwamoto, S., Gon, G., Nohara, T., Iwamoto,M., andTanigawa, N...publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in

  11. Reading from Scratch - A Vision-System for Reading Data on Micro-structured Surfaces

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dragon, Ralf; Becker, Christian; Rosenhahn, Bodo; Ostermann, Jörn

    Labeling and marking industrial manufactured objects gets increasingly important nowadays because of novel material properties and plagiarism. As part of the Collaborative Research Center 653 which investigates micro-structured metallic surfaces for inherent mechanical data storage, we research into a stable and reliable optical readout of the written data. Since this comprises a qualitative surface reconstruction, we use directed illumination to make the micro structures visible. Then we apply a spectral analysis to obtain image partitioning and perform signal tracking enhanced by a customized Hidden Markov Model. In this paper, we derive the algorithms used and demonstrate reading data from a surface with 1.6kbit/cm2 from a micro-structured groove which varies by only 3μ m in depth (thus a “scratch”). We demonstrate the system’s robustness with experiments with real and artificially-rendered surfaces.

  12. Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization: a Handbook for Technical Writers and Editors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mccaskill, Mary K.

    1990-01-01

    Writing problems are addressed which are often encountered in technical documents and preferences are indicated (Langley's) when authorities do not agree. It is directed toward professional writers, editors, and proofreaders. Those whose profession lies in other areas (for example, research or management), but who have occasion to write or review others' writing will also find this information useful. A functional attitude toward grammar and punctuation is presented. Chapter 1 on grammar presents grammatical problems related to each part of speech. Chapter 2 on sentence structure concerns syntax, that is, effective arrangement of words, with emphasis on methods of revision to improve writing effectiveness. Chapter 3 addresses punctuation marks, presenting their function, situations when they are required or incorrect, and situations when they are appropriate but optional. Chapter 4 presents capitalization, which is mostly a matter of editorial style and preference rather than a matter of generally accepted rules. An index and glossary are included.

  13. Sex differences in the developing brain as a source of inherent risk.

    PubMed

    McCarthy, Margaret M

    2016-12-01

    Brain development diverges in males and females in response to androgen production by the fetal testis. This sexual differentiation of the brain occurs during a sensitive window and induces enduring neuroanatomical and physiological changes that profoundly impact behavior. What we know about the contribution of sex chromosomes is still emerging, highlighting the need to integrate multiple factors into understanding sex differences, including the importance of context. The cellular mechanisms are best modeled in rodents and have provided both unifying principles and surprising specifics. Markedly distinct signaling pathways direct differentiation in specific brain regions, resulting in mosaicism of relative maleness, femaleness, and sameness through-out the brain, while canalization both exaggerates and constrains sex differences. Non-neuronal cells and inflammatory mediators are found in greater number and at higher levels in parts of male brains. This higher baseline of inflammation is speculated to increase male vulnerability to developmental neuropsychiatric disorders that are triggered by inflammation.

  14. Cognitive Impairment Associated with Cancer

    PubMed Central

    Pendergrass, J. Cara; Harrison, John E.

    2018-01-01

    This brief review explores the areas of cognitive impairment that have been observed in cancer patients and survivors, the cognitive assessment tools used, and the management of the observed cognitive changes. Cognitive changes and impairment observed in patients with cancer and those in remission can be related to the direct effects of cancer itself, nonspecific factors or comorbid conditions that are independent of the actual disease, and/or the treatments or combination of treatments administered. Attention, memory, and executive functioning are the most frequently identified cognitive domains impacted by cancer. However, the prevalence and extent of impairment remains largely unknown due to marked differences in methodology, definitions of cognitive impairment, and the assessment measures used. Assessment of cognitive functioning is an important and necessary part of a comprehensive oncological care plan. Research is needed to establish a better understanding of cognitive changes and impairments associated with cancer so that optimal patient outcomes can be achieved. PMID:29497579

  15. Representing scale: What should be special about the heritage of mass science?

    PubMed

    Bud, Robert

    2016-02-01

    This symposium marks the achievement of a transformation in the history of science. Whereas in the 1960s, the study of modern developments was marginal to the field, it has now become a key part of the discipline's central concerns. The contrast between this conference and a 1960 symposium is illuminating. The paper reflects on the tensions over the future direction of the discipline expressed at the 1974 semi-centenary conference of the History of Science Society. Today, genomics with its vast demand for resources and its challenges to traditional boundaries is not untypical of a wide range of scientific activities. Its study can serve as a pioneering case study interesting for itself and important for a wider understanding of science. Papers at this meeting show the implications for the understanding of methods, appropriate targets of study, the interpretation of images and the preservation of archives. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. A Knowledge-Based System for the Computer Assisted Diagnosis of Endoscopic Images

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kage, Andreas; Münzenmayer, Christian; Wittenberg, Thomas

    Due to the actual demographic development the use of Computer-Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) systems becomes a more important part of clinical workflows and clinical decision making. Because changes on the mucosa of the esophagus can indicate the first stage of cancerous developments, there is a large interest to detect and correctly diagnose any such lesion. We present a knowledge-based system which is able to support a physician with the interpretation and diagnosis of endoscopic images of the esophagus. Our system is designed to support the physician directly during the examination of the patient, thus prodving diagnostic assistence at the point of care (POC). Based on an interactively marked region in an endoscopic image of interest, the system provides a diagnostic suggestion, based on an annotated reference image database. Furthermore, using relevant feedback mechanisms, the results can be enhanced interactively.

  17. Walrus foraging marks on the seafloor in Bristol Bay, Alaska: A reconnaissance survey

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Bornhold, Brian D.; Jay, Chadwick V.; McConnaughey, Robert; Rathwell, Glenda; Rhynas, Karl; Collins, William

    2005-01-01

    A reconnaissance sidescan sonar survey in Bristol Bay, Alaska revealed extensive areas of seafloor with features related to walrus foraging. They are similar to those seen in areas such as the outer Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. Two types of feature were observed: (a) small (≪1 m diameter) shallow pits, often in clusters ranging in density from 5 pits per hectare to 35 pits per hectare; and, (b) more abundant, narrow, sinuous furrows, typically 5 to 10 m long with some reaching 20 m or more. Most foraging marks were in less than 60 m water depth in areas of sandy seafloor that were smooth, hummocky or characterized by degraded bedforms; the absence of foraging marks in other areas may be related, in part, to their more dynamic nature. The distribution of foraging marks was consistent in a general way with walrus locations from satellite telemetry studies.

  18. Vacuum Arc Vapor Deposition Method and Apparatus for Applying Identification Symbols to Substrates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schramm, Harry F. (Inventor); Roxby, Donald L. (Inventor); Weeks, Jack L. (Inventor)

    2002-01-01

    An apparatus for applying permanent markings onto products using a Vacuum Arc Vapor Deposition (VAVD) marker by accelerating atoms or molecules from a vaporization source onto a substrate to form human and/or machine-readable part identification marking that can be detected optically or via a sensing device like x-ray, thermal imaging, ultrasound, magneto-optic, micro-power impulse radar, capacitance, or other similar sensing means. The apparatus includes a housing with a nozzle having a marking end. A chamber having an electrode, a vacuum port and a charge is located within the housing. The charge is activated by the electrode in a vacuum environment and deposited onto a substrate at the marking end of the nozzle. The apparatus may be a hand-held device or be disconnected from the handle and mounted to a robot or fixed station.

  19. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-82 crew members examine part of the Flight Support System during the Crew Equipment Integration Test (CEIT) in KSC's Vertical Processing Facility. From left are Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith and Gregory J. Harbaugh and Payload Commander Mark C. Lee. Liftoff of STS-82, the second Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission, is scheduled Feb. 11 aboard Discovery with a crew of seven.

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1997-01-22

    KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-82 crew members examine part of the Flight Support System during the Crew Equipment Integration Test (CEIT) in KSC's Vertical Processing Facility. From left are Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith and Gregory J. Harbaugh and Payload Commander Mark C. Lee. Liftoff of STS-82, the second Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission, is scheduled Feb. 11 aboard Discovery with a crew of seven.

  20. Acquisitions List Number 38, August-September 1971.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

    The "Acquisitions List" of demographic books and articles is issued every two months by the Katharine Dexter McCormick Library. Divided into two parts, the first contains a list of books most recently acquired by the Library, each one annotated and also marked with the Library call number. The second part consists of a list of annotated articles,…

  1. Current Literature in Family Planning, November 1972, No. 51.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

    Abstracts of current publications in the fields of population and family planning are contained in this monthly acquisitions list of the Katherine Dexter McCormick Library, Planned Parenthood, New York. Organized in two parts, Part 1 contains an annotated list of the books most recently acquired by the Library, marked with its Library call number,…

  2. Acquisitions List No. 36, April-May 1971.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

    The"Acquisitions List" of demographic books and aritcles is issued every two months by the Katharine Dexter McCormick Library. Divided into two parts, the first contains a list of books most recently acquired by the library, each one annotated and also marked with the Library call number. The second part consists of a list of annotated articles,…

  3. Acquisitions List No. 41, January 1972.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

    The Acquisitions List of demographic books and articles is issued every two months by the Katherine Dexter-McCormick Library. Divided into two parts, the first contains a list of books most recently acquired by the Library, each one annotated and also marked with the Library call number. The second part consists of a list of annotated articles,…

  4. Acquisitions List No. 37, June-July 1971.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

    The Acquisitions List of demographic books and articles is issued every two months by the Katharine Dexter McCormick Library. Divided into two parts, the first contains a list of books most recently acquired by the Library, each one annotated and also marked with the Library call number. The second part consists of a list of annotated articles,…

  5. 78 FR 50489 - Petition for Exemption From the Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Volkswagen Group of America, Inc.

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-19

    ...) petition for exemption of the Audi confidential vehicle line in accordance with 49 CFR part 543, Exemption... 2015 Audi vehicle line. The petition requested an exemption from parts- marking requirement pursuant to... the components of the antitheft device for its Audi vehicle line. Volkswagen will install its...

  6. 49 CFR Appendix A-I to Part 541 - Lines With Antitheft Devices Which Are Exempted From the Parts-Marking Requirements of This...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Tribeca. Outback. Suzuki XL-7. Toyota Camry.1 Lexus ES. Lexus GS. Lexus LS. Lexus SC. Volkswagen Audi 5000S. Audi A3. Audi A4. Audi Allroad. Audi A6. Audi Q5. New Beetle. Golf/Rabbit/GTI/R32. Jetta. Passat...

  7. 78 FR 67184 - Proposed Information Collection; Marine Mammal Marking, Tagging, and Reporting Certificates, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-08

    ... Registration of Certain Dead Marine Mammal Hard Parts AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION... Form 3-2406 (Registration of Certain Dead Marine Mammal Hard Parts) to record the collection of bones, teeth, or ivory of dead marine mammals by non-Native and Natives not eligible to harvest marine mammals...

  8. Acquisitions List No. 40, November-December 1971.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

    The Acquisitions List of demographic books and articles is issued every two months by the Katharine Dexter McCormick Library. Divided into two parts, the first contains a list of books most recently acquired by the Library, each one annotated and also marked with the Library call number. The second part consists of a list of annotated articles,…

  9. Acquisitions List No. 39, October 1971.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Planned Parenthood--World Population, New York, NY. Katherine Dexter McCormick Library.

    The Acquisitions List of demographic books and articles is issued every two months by the Katharine Dexter McCormick Library. Divided into two parts, the first contains a list of books most recently acquired by the Library, each one annotated and also marked with the Library call number. The second part consists of a list of annotated articles,…

  10. Forest aging, disturbance and the carbon cycle.

    PubMed

    Curtis, Peter S; Gough, Christopher M

    2018-05-16

    Contents Summary I. Introduction II. Forest aging and carbon storage III. Successional trends of NEP in northern deciduous forests IV. Mechanisms sustaining NEP in aging deciduous forests Acknowledgements References SUMMARY: Large areas of forestland in temperate North America, as well as in other parts of the world, are growing older and will soon transition into middle and then late successional stages exceeding 100 yr in age. These ecosystems have been important regional carbon sinks as they recovered from prior anthropogenic and natural disturbance, but their future sink strength, or annual rate of carbon storage, is in question. Ecosystem development theory predicts a steady decline in annual carbon storage as forests age, but newly available, direct measurements of forest net CO 2 exchange challenge that prediction. In temperate deciduous forests, where moderate severity disturbance regimes now often prevail, there is little evidence for any marked decline in carbon storage rate during mid-succession. Rather, an increase in physical and biological complexity under these disturbance regimes may drive increases in resource-use efficiency and resource availability that help to maintain significant carbon storage in these forests well past the century mark. Conservation of aging deciduous forests may therefore sustain the terrestrial carbon sink, whilst providing other goods and services afforded by these biologically and structurally complex ecosystems. © 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust.

  11. Roles of conserved proline and glycosyltransferase motifs of EmbC in biosynthesis of lipoarabinomannan.

    PubMed

    Berg, Stefan; Starbuck, James; Torrelles, Jordi B; Vissa, Varalakshmi D; Crick, Dean C; Chatterjee, Delphi; Brennan, Patrick J

    2005-02-18

    D-Arabinans, composed of D-arabinofuranose (D-Araf), dominate the structure of mycobacterial cell walls in two settings, as part of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and arabinogalactan, each with markedly different structures and functions. Little is known of the complexity of their biosynthesis. beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-1-monophosphoryldecaprenol is the only known sugar donor. EmbA, EmbB, and EmbC, products of the paralogous genes embA, embB, and embC, the sites of resistance to the anti-tuberculosis drug ethambutol (EMB), are the only known implicated enzymes. EmbA and -B apparently contribute to the synthesis of arabinogalactan, whereas EmbC is reserved for the synthesis of LAM. The Emb proteins show no overall similarity to any known proteins beyond Mycobacterium and related genera. However, functional motifs, equivalent to a proline-rich motif of several bacterial polysaccharide co-polymerases and a superfamily of glycosyltransferases, were found. Site-directed mutagenesis in glycosyltransferase superfamily C resulted in complete ablation of LAM synthesis. Point mutations in three amino acids of the proline motif of EmbC resulted in marked reduction of LAM-arabinan synthesis and accumulation of an unknown intermediate and of the known precursor lipomannan. Yet the pattern of the differently linked d-Araf units observed in wild type LAM-arabinan was largely retained in the proline motif mutants. The results allow for the presentation of a unique model of arabinan synthesis.

  12. Effective production control in an automotive industry: MRP vs. demand-driven MRP

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shofa, Mohamad Jihan; Widyarto, Wahyu Oktri

    2017-06-01

    Material Requirements Planning (MRP) has deficiencies when dealing with current business environments, marked by a more complex network, a huge variety of products with longer lead time, and uncertain demands. This drives Demand-Driven MRP (DDMRP) approach to deal with those challenges. DDMRP is designed to connect the availability of materials and supplies directly from the actual condition using bills of materials (BOMs). Nevertheless, only few studies have scientifically proved the performance of DDMRP over MRP for controlling production and inventory control. Therefore, this research fills this gap by evaluating and comparing the performance of DDMRP and MRP in terms of level of effective inventory in the system. The evaluation was conducted through a simulation using data from an automotive company in Indonesia. The input parameters of scenarios were given for running the simulation. Based on the simulation, for the observed critical parts, DDMRP gave better results than MRP in terms of lead time and inventory level. DDMRP compressed the lead time part from 52 to 3 days (94% reduced) and, overall, the inventory level was in an effective condition. This suggests that DDMRP is more effective for controlling the production-inventory than MRP.

  13. The Physiological Basis for Various Constituents in Survival Rations. Part 4. An Integrative Study of the All-Purpose Survival Ration for Temperate, Cold, and Hot Weather

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1957-12-01

    on healthy young men during successive two-week periods of adequate, restricted, and recovery diets . Starvation and an adequate 3000-Calorie diet ...Regardless of temperature, work load, or water intake, one and the same regimen ranked next to the adequate 3000-Calorie diet in minimizing...plus minerals; no ketogenic effect. 4. Limitation of water; decrease of calories; marked deviation in protein/carbohydrate/fat ratios; marked deviation

  14. Mark 3 VLBI system: Tropospheric calibration subsystems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Resch, G. M.

    1980-01-01

    Tropospheric delay calibrations are implemented in the Mark 3 system with two subsystems. Estimates of the dry component of tropospheric delay are provided by accurate barometric data from a subsystem of surface meteorological sensors (SMS). An estimate of the wet component of tropospheric delay is provided by a water vapor radiometer (WVR). Both subsystems interface directly to the ASCII Transceiver bus of the Mark 3 system and are operated by the control computer. Seven WVR's under construction are designed to operate in proximity to a radio telescope and can be commanded to point along the line-of-sight to a radio source. They should provide a delay estimate that is accurate to the + or - 2 cm level.

  15. Physical characteristics of the Bahia Blanca estuary (Argentina)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Piccolo, Maria Cintia; Perillo, Gerardo M. E.

    1990-09-01

    Based on temperature, salinity and current velocity and direction data, the physical characteristics of the Bahia Blanca estuary are described. Data were gathered in vertical profiles made in longitudinal as well as in hourly surveys. Freshwater runoff averages 2 m 3 s -1; however, peak floods may reach 10-50 m 3 s -1. The temperature distribution is quite homogeneous in the estuary. Based on the salinity distribution, the estuary can be divided into two sectors: an inner one showing partially mixed characteristics with a strong tendency to become sectionally homogeneous during runoff conditions similar to the historical averages, and an outer sector which is sectionally homogeneous. Salinity values in the inner sector may be larger than those observed in the inner continental shelf. This is initiated by the restricted circulation in the inner estuary and added to by the tidal washing of back-estuary salt flats and by evaporation processes. Analysis of the residual circulation shows a marked difference in the direction of mass transport. In the deeper regions of the sections (northern flank) the flow reverses with depth, being headward near the bottom. However, net transport is landward in the shallower parts.

  16. [Health communication and public media: professionals need to be heard].

    PubMed

    Meijman, F J

    2008-08-09

    The exchange of information on individual healthcare and public health as well as public opinion on medical matters are characterized by their own systems of values, norms and conventions that are not always compatible. All of these aspects put together give public communication on health and care its complex and dynamic nature--where the interests of the individual and the community are often opposed. In this respect, the free interaction of publicity forces and the educational role of healthcare providers have traditionally been the backbone of policy in the Netherlands. There is only limited support by public money, only a few restrictions (for example, on direct-to-consumer drug-advertising) but no substantive guidance from the government. Websites funded from public money that provide information on healthcare have only been set up in the last few years. The Health Council of the Netherlands has recently proposed trust marking for screening tests only. Research is urgently needed with regard to health literacy, direct-to-consumer advertising and public communication on the appropriate use of care. Furthermore, professional opinion in the public arena is required as well as a more active role on the part of clinical and scientific professionals in the area of public debate.

  17. Aerosol Direct Fluorination. Syntheses of the Perfluoroalkyl Orthocarbonates, F-Tetramethyl and F-Ethylene Orthocarbonates.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-03-30

    ff AD-AFRU9 98? AEROSOL DIRECT FLUORINATION SYNTHESES OF THE / 1 PERFLUOROALKYL ORTHOCRBONAT.-(U) TENNESSEE UNIY KNOXVILLE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY J L...SYNTHESES OF THE PERFLUOROALKYL ORTHOCARBONATES, F-TETRAMETHYL AND F-ETHYLENE ORTHOCARBONATES by James L. Adcock* and Mark L. Robin Department of...number) Aerosol, Direct Fluorination, Elemental Fluorine, Perfluoroalkyl % orthocarbonates 211,A’!S RACY (Contiue en reverse aide it neessary and

  18. Methodological considerations of acoustic playbacks to test the behavioral significance of call directionality in male northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Holt, Marla M.; Insley, Stephen J.; Southall, Brandon L.; Schusterman, Ronald J.

    2005-09-01

    While attempting to gain access to receptive females, male northern elephant seals form dominance hierarchies through multiple dyadic interactions involving visual and acoustic signals. These signals are both highly stereotyped and directional. Previous behavioral observations suggested that males attend to the directional cues of these signals. We used in situ vocal playbacks to test whether males attend to directional cues of the acoustic components of a competitors calls (i.e., variation in call spectra and source levels). Here, we will focus on playback methodology. Playback calls were multiple exemplars of a marked dominant male from an isolated area, recorded with a directional microphone and DAT recorder and edited into a natural sequence that controlled call amplitude. Control calls were recordings of ambient rookery sounds with the male calls removed. Subjects were 20 marked males (10 adults and 10 subadults) all located at An~o Nuevo, CA. Playback presentations, calibrated for sound-pressure level, were broadcast at a distance of 7 m from each subject. Most responses were classified into the following categories: visual orientation, postural change, calling, movement toward or away from the loudspeaker, and re-directed aggression. We also investigated developmental, hierarchical, and ambient noise variables that were thought to influence male behavior.

  19. SPORT-SPEAR Mark III Electronics (Engineering Materials)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The Drawing List DL 135-678-00-RO and the drawings listed thereon provide the specifications for construction of the SPORT-SPEAR Mark III Electronics. SPORT stands for Smark Port. This device is an adapter for the SLAC BADC (Brilliant Analog to Digital Converter) providing up to 5 ports whereas the BADC and SPORT takes signals from experimental equipment and directs them to other equipment and micro computers for processing and storing. These units are housed in standard Camac crates.

  20. Drastic changes of (p,t) analyzing powers for the isotopes /sup 58,60,62,64/Ni and marked incident-energy dependence of the analyzing powers

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Toba Y.; Yagi, K.

    1984-01-01

    Drastic changes of (p,t) analyzing powers for the four Ni isotopes in ground-state transitions were observed. The changes are not explained by direct one-step processes but are interpreted by including strong two-step (p,d) (d,t) processes. Interference between the two processes of comparable intensities is essential. Marked incident-energy dependence of the analyzing powers is interpreted similarly.

  1. The utility of harvest recoveries of marked individuals to assess polar bear (Ursus maritimus) survival

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Peacock, Elizabeth; Laake, Jeff; Laidre, Kristin L.; Born, Erik W.; Atkinson, Stephen N.

    2012-01-01

    Management of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) populations requires the periodic assessment of life history metrics such as survival rate. This information is frequently obtained during short-term capture and marking efforts (e.g., over the course of three years) that result in hundreds of marked bears remaining in the population after active marking is finished. Using 10 additional years of harvest recovery subsequent to a period of active marking, we provide updated estimates of annual survival for polar bears in the Baffin Bay population of Greenland and Canada. Our analysis suggests a decline in survival of polar bears since the period of active marking that ended in 1997; some of the decline in survival can likely be attributed to a decline in springtime ice concentration over the continental shelf of Baffin Island. The variance around the survival estimates is comparatively high because of the declining number of marks available; therefore, results must be interpreted with caution. The variance of the estimates of survival increased most substantially in the sixth year post-marking. When survival estimates calculated with recovery-only and recapture-recovery data sets from the period of active marking were compared, survival rates were indistinguishable. However, for the period when fewer marks were available, survival estimates were lower using the recovery-only data set, which indicates that part of the decline we detected for 2003 – 09 may be due to using only harvest recovery data. Nevertheless, the decline in the estimates of survival is consistent with population projections derived from harvest numbers and earlier vital rates, as well as with an observed decline in the extent of sea ice habitat.

  2. Clinical implications of the HPV-16 infection & 7 beneficial effects of optimal dose of Vitamin D3 in safe, effective cancer treatment: Non-invasive rapid cancer screening using "Mouth, Hand & Foot Writing Form" of 40 participants during 150- minute workshop on the Bi-Digital 0-ring Test, in the 1st day of European Congress for Integrative Medicine, September 9-11, 2016 in Budapest.

    PubMed

    Omura, Yoshiaki

    During the 1st day of European Congress for Integrative Medicine held September 9-11, 2016, almost the entire 1st day was scheduled for the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test, which was originally developed by this author, & consists of 2 main parts for which a U.S. patent was issued in 1993. One is a non-invasive, detection of various molecules using very strong Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Resonance Phenomenon between 2 identical molecules with identical weight. Using this strong EMF Resonance Phenomenon, most molecules & microorganisms can be detected rapidly and non-invasively without directly contacting patients. We measured the HPV-16 infection of 70 participants non-invasively in the first 30 minutes, then screened cancers for 40 volunteers who completed one page "Mouth, Hand & Foot Writing Form," which took an average of 5∼10 minutes for each person to complete. Screening of 75 common cancers was made in 2-5 minutes for each patient. Analysis of 40 volunteers revealed 32 persons had some malignancies including 5 Anaplastic Astrocytomas of the L-brain, 3 Multiple Myelomas, 7 Hodgkin's Lymphomas, 8 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas, 2 rectum cancers (with chief complaints of worsening Irritable Bowel Syndrome). Although everyone had HPV-16 infections between about 6,000ng & 250ng, malignancy could not be found among those who had less than 1,200ng. Our individualized safe, effective and economical treatment of various cancers consists of optimal doses of Vitamin D3 with or without Taurine and/or PQQ depending on the positive synergetic compatibility among these 3 substances as normal parts of human tissue. The most serious 2 cases of rectum cancer with multiple metastasis, we confirmed very significant anti-cancer effects of their optimal doses of vitamin D3, which is increased to 800~1,000 I.U. (due to advanced cancer with multiple metastasis instead of the usual 400 I.U. for average adults). The unique 7 beneficial effects of optimal dose of Vitamin D3 (also Taurine or PQQ) include: 1) significant Anti-cancer effects without side effects; 2) marked decrease in DNA mutation as decreases in 8-OH-dG; 3) marked urinary excretion of Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, & Toxic substances, including Asbestos & metals; 4) marked increase in Acetylcholine in the brain & the rest of the body; 5) marked increase in DHEA; 6) marked decrease in β-Amyloid (I-42); 7) marked decrease in Cardiac Troponin I. Optimal dose of Vitamin D3 is clinically most important for cancer, ischemic heart, and memory problems. Optimal dose of Taurine is 150∼175mg and PQQ is 5-7.5mg and should be taken 3-4 times a day, depending on the patient. Medications and supplements including excessive Vitamin C (as well as multivitamins) but also inhibited optimal doses of Vitamin D3, Taurine & PQQ. Often coffee, drinks containing high Vitamin C content (e.g., some green tea & orange juice), & multivitamins as well as pain medicine (e.g., Oxycodone), strong EMF from cellular phones, and strong negative BDORT underwear often completely eliminate the above beneficial effects of Vitamin D3 and promote growth of cancer.

  3. Exploiting automatically generated databases of traffic signs and road markings for contextual co-occurrence analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hazelhoff, Lykele; Creusen, Ivo M.; Woudsma, Thomas; de With, Peter H. N.

    2015-11-01

    Combined databases of road markings and traffic signs provide a complete and full description of the present traffic legislation and instructions. Such databases contribute to efficient signage maintenance, improve navigation, and benefit autonomous driving vehicles. A system is presented for the automated creation of such combined databases, which additionally investigates the benefit of this combination for automated contextual placement analysis. This analysis involves verification of the co-occurrence of traffic signs and road markings to retrieve a list of potentially incorrectly signaled (and thus potentially unsafe) road situations. This co-occurrence verification is specifically explored for both pedestrian crossings and yield situations. Evaluations on 420 km of road have shown that individual detection of traffic signs and road markings denoting these road situations can be performed with accuracies of 98% and 85%, respectively. Combining both approaches shows that over 95% of the pedestrian crossings and give-way situations can be identified. An exploration toward additional co-occurrence analysis of signs and markings shows that inconsistently signaled situations can successfully be extracted, such that specific safety actions can be directed toward cases lacking signs or markings, while most consistently signaled situations can be omitted from this analysis.

  4. A Model to Study: Cannibalization, FMC, and Customer Waiting Time

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-02-01

    4825 Mark Center Drive • Alexandria, Virginia 22311-1850 CRM D0005957.A2/Final February 2002 A Model to Study: Cannibalization, FMC, and Customer ...numerical example In this section, we will derive the relationship between cannibaliza- tion rates, customer waiting time (CWT) for needed spare parts... relationships between the FMC given by equation 1, the mean customer wait time for spare parts, denoted µ, and the 5. According to [19], not every part can be

  5. Checkout and Standard Use Procedures for the Mark III Space Suit Assembly

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Valish, Dana J.

    2012-01-01

    The operational pressure range is the range to which the suit can be nominally operated for manned testing. The top end of the nominal operational pressure range is equivalent to 1/2 the proof pressure. Structural pressure is 1.5 times the specified test pressure for any given test. Proof pressure is the maximum unmanned pressure to which the suit was tested by the vendor prior to delivery. The maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) is 90% of the proof pressure. The pressure systems RVs are set to keep components below their MAWPs. If the suit is pressurized over its MAWP, the suit will be taken out of service and an in-depth inspection/review of the suit will be performed before the suit is put back in service. The procedures outlined in this document should be followed as written. However, the suit test engineer (STE) may make redline changes real-time, provided those changes are recorded in the anomaly section of the test data sheet. If technicians supporting suit build-up, check-out, and/or test execution believe that a procedure can be improved, they should notify their lead. If procedures are incorrect to the point of potentially causing hardware damage or affecting safety, bring the problem to the technician lead and/or STE s attention and stop work until a solution (temporary or permanent) is authorized. Certain steps in the procedure are marked with a DV , for Designated Verifier. The Designated Verifier for this procedure is an Advanced Space Suit Technology Development Laboratory technician, not directly involved in performing the procedural steps, who will verify that the step was performed as stated. The steps to be verified by the DV were selected based on one or more of the following criteria: the step was deemed significant in ensuring the safe performance of the test, the data recorded in the step is of specific interest in monitoring the suit system operation, or the step has a strong influence on the successful completion of test objectives. Prior to all manned test activities, Advanced Suit Test Data Sheet (TDS) Parts A-E shall be completed to verify system and team are ready for test. Advanced Suit TDS Parts F-G shall be completed at the end of the suited activity. Appendix B identifies tha appropriate Mark III suit emergency event procedures.

  6. Manipulation of heat-diffusion channel in laser thermal lithography.

    PubMed

    Wei, Jingsong; Wang, Yang; Wu, Yiqun

    2014-12-29

    Laser thermal lithography is a good alternative method for forming small pattern feature size by taking advantage of the structural-change threshold effect of thermal lithography materials. In this work, the heat-diffusion channels of laser thermal lithography are first analyzed, and then we propose to manipulate the heat-diffusion channels by inserting thermal conduction layers in between channels. Heat-flow direction can be changed from the in-plane to the out-of-plane of the thermal lithography layer, which causes the size of the structural-change threshold region to become much smaller than the focused laser spot itself; thus, nanoscale marks can be obtained. Samples designated as "glass substrate/thermal conduction layer/thermal lithography layer (100 nm)/thermal conduction layer" are designed and prepared. Chalcogenide phase-change materials are used as thermal lithography layer, and Si is used as thermal conduction layer to manipulate heat-diffusion channels. Laser thermal lithography experiments are conducted on a home-made high-speed rotation direct laser writing setup with 488 nm laser wavelength and 0.90 numerical aperture of converging lens. The writing marks with 50-60 nm size are successfully obtained. The mark size is only about 1/13 of the focused laser spot, which is far smaller than that of the light diffraction limit spot of the direct laser writing setup. This work is useful for nanoscale fabrication and lithography by exploiting the far-field focusing light system.

  7. Sunglasses, the European directive and the European standard.

    PubMed

    Dain, Stephen John; Ngo, Thi Phuong Thao; Cheng, Brian Barry; Hu, Angel; Teh, Adrian Ghim Boon; Tseng, Jane; Vu, Nam

    2010-05-01

    The Optics and Radiometry Laboratory (ORLAB) provides a testing service for the Australian sunglass industry to assist its compliance with the mandatory Consumer Product Safety Standard. In doing so, a number of sunglasses carrying the CE mark (in effect a claim of compliance with the European Union Personal Protective Equipment Directive) have been tested. Since there is no mandatory testing in Europe (the sunglass industry is deemed self regulating), evaluating their performance will give an insight into compliance with the Directive. Consecutive submissions to ORLAB over a period of 18 months were examined for CE marked sunglasses. The results for 646 CE marked pairs of sunglasses tested during 2003 and first half 2004 were examined and evaluated for compliance with EN 1836 (the European sunglass standard) on the basis of refractive power, prismatic power, transmittance (visible, UV and coloration) and polarization. A total of 17.3% failed EN 1836 and 3.3% were borderline (i.e. within our uncertainties of measurement of the requirement). The failures comprised: 0.9% lens defect; 12.5% polarization alignment error; 2.7% excessive vertical prism; 22.3% excessive horizontal prism; 27.7% excessive spherical power; 14.3% excessive cylindrical power; 1.8% excessive UV transmittance; and 23.2% transmittance difference between lenses (always gradient tints). With up to 20% non-compliance, self regulation is not working particularly well in providing the public with complying sunglasses.

  8. Beyond the sensible world: a discussion of Mark Zuss' The practice of theoretical curiosity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fellner, Gene; Pitts, Wesley; Zuss, Mark

    2012-09-01

    In this article, Gene Fellner reviews Mark Zuss's recently published The practice of theoretical curiosity (2012) and provides a synopsis of the book's structure. These two sections are followed by a metalogue in which Mark Zuss, Welsey Pitts, and Fellner discuss curiosity and the conundrum of establishing limits beyond which curiosity should not roam. This is a central theme of Zuss's book, and it is of particular significance today as curiosity, driven by developments in technoscience and transgenics, transforms nature and we who are part of it. Influenced by Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological lens, Zuss discusses how our knowing the world through our senses is entering an uncertain future mediated by curiosity's reach into everyday life.

  9. A Closer Look at Solar Wind Sputtering of Lunar Surface Materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barghouty, A. F.; Adams, J. H., Jr.; Meyer, F.; Mansur, L.; Reinhold, C.

    2008-01-01

    Solar-wind induced potential sputtering of the lunar surface may be a more efficient erosive mechanism than the "standard" kinetic (or physical) sputtering. This is partly based on new but limited laboratory measurements which show marked enhancements in the sputter yields of slow-moving, highly-charged ions impacting oxides. The enhancements seen in the laboratory can be orders of magnitude for some surfaces and highly charged incident ions, but seem to depend very sensitively on the properties of the impacted surface in addition to the fluence, energy and charge of the impacting ion. For oxides, potential sputtering yields are markedly enhanced and sputtered species, especially hydrogen and light ions, show marked dependence on both charge and dose.

  10. We the People: Guidelines to Taking Part in Democracy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vig, Amanda; And Others

    This booklet deals with three ways in which to be an active citizen in a democracy: voting, communicating with elected officials, and volunteering. Words about citizenship that may be new to the reader are in bold print and underlined; a word box at the top of the page provides the meaning of specially marked words on that page. Part 1 on voting…

  11. 20 CFR 416.925 - Listing of Impairments in appendix 1 of subpart P of part 404 of this chapter.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... doing any gainful activity, regardless of his or her age, education, or work experience. For children, it describes impairments that cause marked and severe functional limitations. (b) How is appendix 1... similar effect on adults and children. (2)(i) Part B contains criteria that apply only to individuals who...

  12. An active UHF RFID localization system for fawn saving

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Eberhardt, M.; Lehner, M.; Ascher, A.; Allwang, M.; Biebl, E. M.

    2015-11-01

    We present a localization concept for active UHF RFID transponders which enables mowing machine drivers to detect and localize marked fawns. The whole system design and experimental results with transponders located near the ground in random orientations in a meadow area are shown. The communication flow between reader and transponders is realized as a dynamic master-slave concept. Multiple marked fawns will be localized by processing detected transponders sequentially. With an eight-channel-receiver with integrated calibration method one can estimate the direction-of-arrival by measuring the phases of the transponder signals up to a range of 50 m in all directions. For further troubleshooting array manifolds have been measured. An additional hand-held receiver with a two-channel receiver allows a guided approaching search without endangering the fawn by the mowing machine.

  13. Primer in Genetics and Genomics, Article 6: Basics of Epigenetic Control.

    PubMed

    Fessele, Kristen L; Wright, Fay

    2018-01-01

    The epigenome is a collection of chemical compounds that attach to and overlay the DNA sequence to direct gene expression. Epigenetic marks do not alter DNA sequence but instead allow or silence gene activity and the subsequent production of proteins that guide the growth and development of an organism, direct and maintain cell identity, and allow for the production of primordial germ cells (PGCs; ova and spermatozoa). The three main epigenetic marks are (1) histone modification, (2) DNA methylation, and (3) noncoding RNA, and each works in a different way to regulate gene expression. This article reviews these concepts and discusses their role in normal functions such as X-chromosome inactivation, epigenetic reprogramming during embryonic development and PGC production, and the clinical example of the imprinting disorders Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes.

  14. 48 CFR 1436.270-1 - Uniform contract format.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... contract format does not apply, the CO should so mark that section in the solicitation. Upon award, the CO... Deliveries or performance. G Contract administration data. H Special contract requirements. Part II—Contract...

  15. 48 CFR 1436.270-1 - Uniform contract format.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... contract format does not apply, the CO should so mark that section in the solicitation. Upon award, the CO... Deliveries or performance. G Contract administration data. H Special contract requirements. Part IV...

  16. 48 CFR 227.7102-4 - Contract clauses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... processes. (2) Use the clause at 252.227-7015 with its Alternate I in solicitations and contracts, including..., Validation of Restrictive Markings on Technical Data, in solicitations and contracts using FAR part 12...

  17. 48 CFR 227.7102-4 - Contract clauses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... processes. (2) Use the clause at 252.227-7015 with its Alternate I in solicitations and contracts, including..., Validation of Restrictive Markings on Technical Data, in solicitations and contracts using FAR part 12...

  18. Mothers who are securely attached in pregnancy show more attuned infant mirroring at 7 months postpartum

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Sohye; Fonagy, Peter; Allen, Jon; Martinez, Sheila; Iyengar, Udita; Strathearn, Lane

    2014-01-01

    This study contrasted two forms of mother-infant mirroring: the mother's imitation of the infant's facial, gestural, or vocal behavior (i.e., “direct mirroring”) and the mother's ostensive verbalization of the infant's internal state, marked as distinct from the infant's experience (i.e., “intention mirroring”). Fifty mothers completed the Adult Attachment Interview during the third trimester of pregnancy. Mothers returned with their infants 7 months postpartum and completed a modified still-face procedure. While direct mirroring did not distinguish between secure and insecure/dismissing mothers, secure mothers were observed to engage in intention mirroring more than twice as frequently as did insecure/dismissing mothers. Infants of the two mother groups also demonstrated differences, with infants of secure mothers directing their attention toward their mothers at a higher frequency than did infants of insecure/dismissing mothers. The findings underscore marked and ostensive verbalization as a distinguishing feature of secure mothers’ well-attuned, affect-mirroring communication with their infants. PMID:25020112

  19. On the Indirect Object in English.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DeArmond, Richard C.

    The aim of this paper is to determine whether the first predicate noun (NP) after the verb in sentences such as "Kelly gave Rose a piano" is the direct object or the indirect object in the surface structure of English. An analysis reveals that the direct object in English is not marked by its position immediately after a (transitive)…

  20. 76 FR 68634 - Airworthiness Directives; General Electric Company (GE) CF6 Turbofan Engines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-07

    ... Airworthiness Directives; General Electric Company (GE) CF6 Turbofan Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation... ``(c) This AD applies to * * * and CF6-80A3 turbofan engines with left-hand links * * *.'' to ``(c) This AD applies to * * * and CF6-80A3 turbofan engines, including engines marked on the engine data...

  1. 75 FR 64963 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-21

    ...-1038; Directorate Identifier 2009-NM-250-AD] RIN 2120-AA64 Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B...-2010-1038; Directorate Identifier 2009-NM-250-AD'' at the beginning of your comments. We specifically....: Docket No. FAA-2010-1038; Directorate Identifier 2009-NM-250-AD. Comments Due Date (a) We must receive...

  2. The Influence of Item Response Indecision on the Self-Directed Search

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sampson, James P., Jr.; Shy, Jonathan D.; Hartley, Sarah Lucas; Reardon, Robert C.; Peterson, Gary W.

    2009-01-01

    Students (N = 247) responded to Self-Directed Search (SDS) per the standard response format and were also instructed to record a question mark (?) for items about which they were uncertain (item response indecision [IRI]). The initial responses of the 114 participants with a (?) were then reversed and a second SDS summary code was obtained and…

  3. Large-scale glacitectonic deformation in response to active ice sheet retreat across Dogger Bank (southern central North Sea) during the Last Glacial Maximum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Phillips, Emrys; Cotterill, Carol; Johnson, Kirstin; Crombie, Kirstin; James, Leo; Carr, Simon; Ruiter, Astrid

    2018-01-01

    High resolution seismic data from the Dogger Bank in the central southern North Sea has revealed that the Dogger Bank Formation records a complex history of sedimentation and penecontemporaneous, large-scale, ice-marginal to proglacial glacitectonic deformation. These processes led to the development of a large thrust-block moraine complex which is buried beneath a thin sequence of Holocene sediments. This buried glacitectonic landsystem comprises a series of elongate, arcuate moraine ridges (200 m up to > 15 km across; over 40-50 km long) separated by low-lying ice marginal to proglacial sedimentary basins and/or meltwater channels, preserving the shape of the margin of this former ice sheet. The moraines are composed of highly deformed (folded and thrust) Dogger Bank Formation with the lower boundary of the deformed sequence (up to 40-50 m thick) being marked by a laterally extensive décollement. The ice-distal parts of the thrust moraine complex are interpreted as a "forward" propagating imbricate thrust stack developed in response to S/SE-directed ice-push. The more complex folding and thrusting within the more ice-proximal parts of the thrust-block moraines record the accretion of thrust slices of highly deformed sediment as the ice repeatedly reoccupied this ice marginal position. Consequently, the internal structure of the Dogger Bank thrust-moraine complexes can be directly related to ice sheet dynamics, recording the former positions of a highly dynamic, oscillating Weichselian ice sheet margin as it retreated northwards at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum.

  4. Treatment of erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea with brimonidine alone or combined with vascular laser based on preliminary instrumental evaluation of the vascular component.

    PubMed

    Micali, Giuseppe; Dall'Oglio, Federica; Verzì, Anna Elisa; Luppino, Ivano; Bhatt, Karishma; Lacarrubba, Francesco

    2017-09-09

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of a series of patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) affected by persistent erythema and varying degree of telangiectasias being treated with brimonidine alone or combined with a vascular laser based on the type of vascular components preliminarily evaluated by clinical and instrumental observation. Ten patients affected by ETR were enrolled in a pilot, open study. Instrumental evaluation included erythema-directed digital photography by VISIA-CR™ system and X10 dermoscopy. Those patients showing marked background erythema and minimal telangiectasias (group A) were treated with a single application of brimonidine 0.33% gel, while patients showing both marked background erythema and marked telangiectasias (group B) were treated with a session of Nd:YAG laser and reevaluated 1 month later after a single application of brimonidine. An Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) of treatment outcome was performed at the end of treatment in both groups. In group A, 6 h after brimonidine application, a marked reduction of the background erythema was observed in all patients, and IGA was rated as excellent. In group B, 6 h following the application of brimonidine, a marked reduction of the background erythema was observed in all cases, while telangiectasias remained unchanged. A further treatment with brimonidine 1 month after the Nd:YAG laser session determined complete clearing of facial erythema, and IGA was rated as excellent. In conclusion, a preliminary evaluation of the vascular component by erythema-directed digital photography and dermoscopy in ETR may be helpful to select the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.

  5. [Skeletal manifestations of primary and secondary hyperparathyroiditis. Differential radiological diagnostic problems].

    PubMed

    Melella, A; Basilico, L; Lupini, A; Renda, F

    1978-10-31

    Primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism are both marked by widespread skeletal demineralisation, subperiosteal erosion of the cortex, brown tumours, osteosclerosis, and extraosseous calcification. Differential diagnosis is guided by the different association of these findings. Brown tumours and more extensive erosion are marks of the primary form, whereas osteosclerosis and extra-osseous calcification are a prominent feature of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Radiologists, therefore, should direct their attention to features suggesting the presence of secondary forms in addition to looking for bone alterations associated with hyperparathyroidism.

  6. Coastal Area Tactical-mapping System (CATS)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-09-30

    file (I.STD) file. A direct comparison to the timetag of the scanner index wedge times should then yield the shot number that corresponds to the...output of 4 relevant timing files. They are as follows: A.STD: The time at which the A-Scan Wedge index mark was detected. This is recorded as...a coarse time (seconds) and a fine time (microseconds). B.STD: The time at which the B-Scan Wedge index mark was detected. This is recorded as a

  7. Hypothesis tests for stratified mark-specific proportional hazards models with missing covariates, with application to HIV vaccine efficacy trials.

    PubMed

    Sun, Yanqing; Qi, Li; Yang, Guangren; Gilbert, Peter B

    2018-05-01

    This article develops hypothesis testing procedures for the stratified mark-specific proportional hazards model with missing covariates where the baseline functions may vary with strata. The mark-specific proportional hazards model has been studied to evaluate mark-specific relative risks where the mark is the genetic distance of an infecting HIV sequence to an HIV sequence represented inside the vaccine. This research is motivated by analyzing the RV144 phase 3 HIV vaccine efficacy trial, to understand associations of immune response biomarkers on the mark-specific hazard of HIV infection, where the biomarkers are sampled via a two-phase sampling nested case-control design. We test whether the mark-specific relative risks are unity and how they change with the mark. The developed procedures enable assessment of whether risk of HIV infection with HIV variants close or far from the vaccine sequence are modified by immune responses induced by the HIV vaccine; this question is interesting because vaccine protection occurs through immune responses directed at specific HIV sequences. The test statistics are constructed based on augmented inverse probability weighted complete-case estimators. The asymptotic properties and finite-sample performances of the testing procedures are investigated, demonstrating double-robustness and effectiveness of the predictive auxiliaries to recover efficiency. The finite-sample performance of the proposed tests are examined through a comprehensive simulation study. The methods are applied to the RV144 trial. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  8. Cannibalism in Tyrannosaurus rex.

    PubMed

    Longrich, Nicholas R; Horner, John R; Erickson, Gregory M; Currie, Philip J

    2010-10-15

    Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest terrestrial carnivores of all time, and consequently its ecology and diet have been the focus of much discussion. However, there is little direct evidence of diet or feeding habits in this species. Examination of museum collections has revealed four specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex that bear tooth marks made by large, carnivorous dinosaurs. Because Tyrannosaurus is the only large carnivore known from the Late Maastrichtian of western North America, we infer that Tyrannosaurus made these tooth marks. The marks are interpreted as feeding traces and these fossils therefore record instances of cannibalism. Given that this behavior has a low preservation potential, cannibalism seems to have been a surprisingly common behavior in Tyrannosaurus, and this behavior may have been relatively common in carnivorous dinosaurs.

  9. PillCam(TradeMark), a Noninvasive Endoscopic Device for the Measurement of Gastrointestinal Motility Changes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vaksman, Zahman; Crady, Camille; Raju, G. S.; Putcha, Lakshmi

    2007-01-01

    Introduction: Bioavailability and effectiveness of drugs given by mouth are governed in part by gastrointestinal (GI) motility and function. Microgravity has been shown to decrease GI motility as indicated by a 3 fold increase in gastrointestinal transit time (GITT). The PillCam(TradeMark), an endoscopic camera embedded in a capsule, is a novel noninvasive and unobtrusive device that is used for the diagnosis of GI pathology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of PillCam(TradeMark) as an alternative to the Lactulose Breath Hydrogen Test (LBHT) for estimating GI motility. The sensitivity and applicability of this device for detection and estimation of the effect of promethazine, a deterrent, and caffeine, a prokinetic, on GI motility were also examined. Method: In this semi-randomized cross-over design study, six male and six female subjects were administered the following 4 treatments: PillCam(TradeMark) alone, PillCam(TradeMark)+Lactulose (10g), PillCam(TradeMark)+caffeine (200mg), and PillCam(TradeMark)+Promethazine (50mg). Results: GITT ranged between 1:24 and 7:52 hr:min. Lactulose did not alter GITT. A significant increase in GITT was noticed after administration of PMZ when compared to values from PillCam(TradeMark) treatment alone or PillCam(TradeMark)+Lactulose treatment. No difference in GITT after caffeine treatment was noticed. While there were no gender related differences in GITT after administration of PillCam(TradeMark) or with lactulose, a significant difference (p<.05) between genders was observed after promethazine administration with mean GITT higher in males (5:50 hr:min) than females (4:15 hr:min). Conclusion: The PillCam(TradeMark) capsule is applicable for the determination of GITT using time stamped GI images. It can be successfully used for the assessment of drug induced changes in GI motility and therefore, may be applicable for microgravity and analog environment studies on GI motility and function.

  10. Mars Odyssey All Stars: Bacolor Crater

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-12-09

    Bacolor Crater is a magnificent impact feature about 20 kilometers 12 miles wide. This image is part of an All Star set marking the occasion of NASA Mars Odyssey as the longest-working Mars spacecraft in history.

  11. 21 CFR 516.161 - Modifications to indexed drugs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... marked on the mailing cover and on the request as follows: “Special indexing request— modifications being... eligibility for indexing) must be submitted as part of the annual indexed drug experience report or as...

  12. 21 CFR 516.161 - Modifications to indexed drugs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... marked on the mailing cover and on the request as follows: “Special indexing request— modifications being... eligibility for indexing) must be submitted as part of the annual indexed drug experience report or as...

  13. 21 CFR 516.161 - Modifications to indexed drugs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... marked on the mailing cover and on the request as follows: “Special indexing request— modifications being... eligibility for indexing) must be submitted as part of the annual indexed drug experience report or as...

  14. Automatically Inspecting Thin Ceramics For Pinholes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Honaker, James R.

    1988-01-01

    Proposed apparatus for inspecting prefired ceramic materials detects minute flaws that might escape ordinary visual inspections. Method detects flaws and marks locations. Intended for such thin ceramic parts as insulation in capacitors and some radio-frequency filters.

  15. The Socratic method in teaching medical ethics: potentials and limitations.

    PubMed

    Birnbacher, D

    1999-01-01

    The Socratic method has a long history in teaching philosophy and mathematics, marked by such names as Karl Weierstrass, Leonard Nelson and Gustav Heckmann. Its basic idea is to encourage the participants of a learning group (of pupils, students, or practitioners) to work on a conceptual, ethical or psychological problem by their own collective intellectual effort, without a textual basis and without substantial help from the teacher whose part it is mainly to enforce the rigid procedural rules designed to ensure a fruitful, diversified, open and consensus-oriented thought process. Several features of the Socratic procedure, especially in the canonical form given to it by Heckmann, are highly attractive for the teaching of medical ethics in small groups: the strategy of starting from relevant singular individual experiences, interpreting and cautiously generalizing them in a process of inter-subjective confrontation and confirmation, the duty of non-directivity on the part of the teacher in regard to the contents of the discussion, the necessity, on the part of the participants, to make explicit both their own thinking and the way they understand the thought of others, the strict separation of content level and meta level discussion and, not least, the wise use made of the emotional and motivational resources developing in the group process. Experience shows, however, that the canonical form of the Socratic group suffers from a number of drawbacks which may be overcome by loosening the rigidity of some of the rules. These concern mainly the injunction against substantial interventions on the part of the teacher and the insistence on consensus formation rooted in Leonard Nelson's Neo-Kantian Apriorism.

  16. The Potential of Computer Controlled Optimizing Equipment in the Wooden Furniture Industry

    Treesearch

    R. Edward Thomas; Urs Buehlmann; Urs Buehlmann

    2003-01-01

    The goal of the wooden furniture industry is to convert lumber into parts by using the most efficient and cost effective processing methods. The key steps in processing lumber arc removing the regions that contain unacceptable defects or character marks and cutting the remaining areas to the widths and lengths of needed parts. Such equipment has been used in furniture...

  17. 77 FR 64971 - Lock+ Hydro Friends Fund XLII, LLC; Notice of Waiver, in Part, of Prefiling Consultation Required...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-24

    ... Friends Fund XLII, LLC; Notice of Waiver, in Part, of Prefiling Consultation Required Under Section 4.38(C... License. b. Project No.: 13739-002. c. Date Filed: September 17, 2012. d. Applicant: Lock+ Hydro Friends.... 791(a)-825(r). h. Applicant Contact: Mr. Mark R. Stover, Lock+\\TM\\ Hydro Friends Fund XLII, c/o Hydro...

  18. 37 CFR 7.41 - Renewal of international registration and extension of protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... be issued to 2.171 Not domiciled in U.S. 3.61 Right to take action when assignment is recorded or... Trial and Appeal Board 2.145(d) Waiver of right to proceed by civil action in ex parte case 2.145(c)(2... disclosed but not tried in inter partes case 2.131 Express abandonment of application or mark: During...

  19. The effect of ether anesthesia on fin-clipping rate

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Eschmeyer, Paul H.

    1953-01-01

    As part of an experimental program to learn the effects of stocking lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior, 141, 392 fingerlings were marked at the Charlevoix (Michigan) Station of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in October 1952. The adipose fin was removed from all fish, the right pelvic from the remainder. A random sample of 2, 417 of the fish showed an average total length of 4.0 inches (range, 2.7 to 5.4). The mean weight of all fish marked was slightly less than one-third ounce (49 fish per pound). The local women, none of whom had previous experience in the work, were employed to mark the fish. Bone-cutting forceps were used for excision of the fins, and each worker wore a bobbinet glove to facilitate handling of the fish. On alternate days the fish were anesthetized with ether before marking, to determine the effect of its use on the fin-clipping rate.

  20. Scent marking behavior as an odorant communication in mice

    PubMed Central

    Arakawa, Hiroyuki; Blanchard, D. Caroline; Arakawa, Keiko; Dunlap, Christopher; Blanchard, Robert J.

    2008-01-01

    In rodents, where chemical signals play a particularly important role in determining intraspecies interactions including social dominance and intersexual relationships, various studies have shown that behavior is sensitive to conspecific odor cues. Mice use urinary scent marks for communication with individual conspecifics in many social contexts. Urinary scent involves genetic information about individuals such as species, sex, and individual identity as well as metabolic information such as social dominance, and reproductive and health status, which are mediated by chemical proteins in scent marks including the major histocompatibility complex and the major urinary proteins. The odor of the predator which can be considered to be a threatening signal for the prey also modulate mouse behavior in which scent marking is suppressed in response to the cat odor exposure in mice. These odorant chemicals are detected and recognized through two olfactory bulbs, the role of which in detection of chemosignals with biological relevant appears to be differential, but partly overlapped. Mice deposit scent marks toward conspecifics to maintain their social relationships, and inhibit scent marking in a context where natural predator, cat odor is contained. This suppression of scent marking is long-lasting (for at least 7 days) and context-dependent, while the odorant signaling to conspecifics tends to appear frequently (over 24 hrs but less than 7 days intervals) depending on the familiarity of each signal-recipient. It has been discussed that scent marking is a communicative behavior associated with territoriality toward conspecifics, indicating that the social signaling within species are sensitive to predator odor cues in terms of vulnerability to predation risk. PMID:18565582

  1. Retinal ganglion cells with distinct directional preferences differ in molecular identity, structure, and central projections.

    PubMed

    Kay, Jeremy N; De la Huerta, Irina; Kim, In-Jung; Zhang, Yifeng; Yamagata, Masahito; Chu, Monica W; Meister, Markus; Sanes, Joshua R

    2011-05-25

    The retina contains ganglion cells (RGCs) that respond selectively to objects moving in particular directions. Individual members of a group of ON-OFF direction-selective RGCs (ooDSGCs) detect stimuli moving in one of four directions: ventral, dorsal, nasal, or temporal. Despite this physiological diversity, little is known about subtype-specific differences in structure, molecular identity, and projections. To seek such differences, we characterized mouse transgenic lines that selectively mark ooDSGCs preferring ventral or nasal motion as well as a line that marks both ventral- and dorsal-preferring subsets. We then used the lines to identify cell surface molecules, including Cadherin 6, CollagenXXVα1, and Matrix metalloprotease 17, that are selectively expressed by distinct subsets of ooDSGCs. We also identify a neuropeptide, CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript), that distinguishes all ooDSGCs from other RGCs. Together, this panel of endogenous and transgenic markers distinguishes the four ooDSGC subsets. Patterns of molecular diversification occur before eye opening and are therefore experience independent. They may help to explain how the four subsets obtain distinct inputs. We also demonstrate differences among subsets in their dendritic patterns within the retina and their axonal projections to the brain. Differences in projections indicate that information about motion in different directions is sent to different destinations.

  2. High-resolution seismic reflection imaging of growth folding and shallow faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Clement, C.R.; Pratt, T.L.; Holmes, M.L.; Sherrod, B.L.

    2010-01-01

    Marine seismic reflection data from southern Puget Sound, Washington, were collected to investigate the nature of shallow structures associated with the Tacoma fault zone and the Olympia structure. Growth folding and probable Holocene surface deformation were imaged within the Tacoma fault zone beneath Case and Carr Inlets. Shallow faults near potential field anomalies associated with the Olympia structure were imaged beneath Budd and Eld Inlets. Beneath Case Inlet, the Tacoma fault zone includes an ???350-m wide section of south-dipping strata forming the upper part of a fold (kink band) coincident with the southern edge of an uplifted shoreline terrace. An ???2 m change in the depth of the water bottom, onlapping postglacial sediments, and increasing stratal dips with increasing depth are consistent with late Pleistocene to Holocene postglacial growth folding above a blind fault. Geologic data across a topographic lineament on nearby land indicate recent uplift of late Holocene age. Profiles acquired in Carr Inlet 10 km to the east of Case Inlet showed late Pleistocene or Holocene faulting at one location with ???3 to 4 m of vertical displacement, south side up. North of this fault the data show several other disruptions and reflector terminations that could mark faults within the broad Tacoma fault zone. Seismic reflection profiles across part of the Olympia structure beneath southern Puget Sound show two apparent faults about 160 m apart having 1 to 2 m of displacement of subhorizontal bedding. Directly beneath one of these faults, a dipping reflector that may mark the base of a glacial channel shows the opposite sense of throw, suggesting strike-slip motion. Deeper seismic reflection profiles show disrupted strata beneath these faults but little apparent vertical offset, consistent with strike-slip faulting. These faults and folds indicate that the Tacoma fault and Olympia structure include active structures with probable postglacial motion.

  3. High-resolution seismic reflection imaging of growth folding and shallow faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Odum, Jackson K.; Stephenson, William J.; Pratt, Thomas L.; Blakely, Richard J.

    2016-01-01

    Marine seismic reflection data from southern Puget Sound, Washington, were collected to investigate the nature of shallow structures associated with the Tacoma fault zone and the Olympia structure. Growth folding and probable Holocene surface deformation were imaged within the Tacoma fault zone beneath Case and Carr Inlets. Shallow faults near potential field anomalies associated with the Olympia structure were imaged beneath Budd and Eld Inlets. Beneath Case Inlet, the Tacoma fault zone includes an ∼350-m wide section of south-dipping strata forming the upper part of a fold (kink band) coincident with the southern edge of an uplifted shoreline terrace. An ∼2 m change in the depth of the water bottom, onlapping postglacial sediments, and increasing stratal dips with increasing depth are consistent with late Pleistocene to Holocene postglacial growth folding above a blind fault. Geologic data across a topographic lineament on nearby land indicate recent uplift of late Holocene age. Profiles acquired in Carr Inlet 10 km to the east of Case Inlet showed late Pleistocene or Holocene faulting at one location with ∼3 to 4 m of vertical displacement, south side up. North of this fault the data show several other disruptions and reflector terminations that could mark faults within the broad Tacoma fault zone. Seismic reflection profiles across part of the Olympia structure beneath southern Puget Sound show two apparent faults about 160 m apart having 1 to 2 m of displacement of subhorizontal bedding. Directly beneath one of these faults, a dipping reflector that may mark the base of a glacial channel shows the opposite sense of throw, suggesting strike-slip motion. Deeper seismic reflection profiles show disrupted strata beneath these faults but little apparent vertical offset, consistent with strike-slip faulting. These faults and folds indicate that the Tacoma fault and Olympia structure include active structures with probable postglacial motion.

  4. 33 CFR 183.27 - Construction of markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... exposure to water, oil, salt spray, direct sunlight, heat, cold, and wear expected in normal operation of...) BOATING SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Display of Capacity Information § 183.27 Construction of...

  5. 33 CFR 183.27 - Construction of markings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... exposure to water, oil, salt spray, direct sunlight, heat, cold, and wear expected in normal operation of...) BOATING SAFETY BOATS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Display of Capacity Information § 183.27 Construction of...

  6. Globalization and the trade in human body parts.

    PubMed

    Harrison, T

    1999-02-01

    Since the early 1980s, the number and variety of organ transplantations has increased enormously worldwide. Accompanying this increase has been the emergence of a market for human body parts. This paper argues that, while the trade in human body parts is conditioned by technological advances, it must be understood in the broader context of globalization, specifically the extension and intensification of a capitalist mode of exchange. In this regard, it is argued that the trade in human body parts mirrors the "normal" system of unequal exchanges that mark other forms of trade between the developed and undeveloped regions of the world.

  7. Importance of latrine communication in European rabbits shifts along a rural-to-urban gradient.

    PubMed

    Ziege, Madlen; Bierbach, David; Bischoff, Svenja; Brandt, Anna-Lena; Brix, Mareike; Greshake, Bastian; Merker, Stefan; Wenninger, Sandra; Wronski, Torsten; Plath, Martin

    2016-06-14

    Information transfer in mammalian communication networks is often based on the deposition of excreta in latrines. Depending on the intended receiver(s), latrines are either formed at territorial boundaries (between-group communication) or in core areas of home ranges (within-group communication). The relative importance of both types of marking behavior should depend, amongst other factors, on population densities and social group sizes, which tend to differ between urban and rural wildlife populations. Our study is the first to assess (direct and indirect) anthropogenic influences on mammalian latrine-based communication networks along a rural-to-urban gradient in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) living in urban, suburban and rural areas in and around Frankfurt am Main (Germany). The proportion of latrines located in close proximity to the burrow was higher at rural study sites compared to urban and suburban ones. At rural sites, we found the largest latrines and highest latrine densities close to the burrow, suggesting that core marking prevailed. By contrast, latrine dimensions and densities increased with increasing distance from the burrow in urban and suburban populations, suggesting a higher importance of peripheral marking. Increased population densities, but smaller social group sizes in urban rabbit populations may lead to an increased importance of between-group communication and thus, favor peripheral over core marking. Our study provides novel insights into the manifold ways by which man-made habitat alterations along a rural-to-urban gradient directly and indirectly affect wildlife populations, including latrine-based communication networks.

  8. Children’s Marking of Verbal –s by Nonmainstream English Dialect and Clinical Status

    PubMed Central

    Cleveland, Lesli H.; Oetting, Janna B.

    2015-01-01

    Purpose Children’s marking of verbal –s was examined by their dialect (African American English [AAE] vs. Southern White English [SWE]) and clinical status (specific language impairment [SLI] vs. typically developing [TD]) and as a function of 4 linguistic variables (verb regularity, negation, expression of a habitual activity, and expression of historical present tense). Method The data were language samples from 57 six-year-olds who varied by their dialect and clinical status (AAE: SLI = 14, TD = 12; SWE: SLI = 12, TD = 19). Results The AAE groups produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE groups, and the SWE SLI group produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE TD group. Although low numbers of verb contexts made it difficult to evaluate the linguistic variables, there was evidence of their influence, especially for verb regularity and negation. The direction and magnitude of the effects were often (but not always) consistent with what has been described in the adult dialect literature. Conclusion Verbal –s can be used to help distinguish children with and without SLI in SWE but not in AAE. Clinicians can apply these findings to other varieties of AAE and SWE and other dialects by considering rates of marking and the effects of linguistic variables on marking. PMID:23813205

  9. 76 FR 8618 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-15

    ...-1038; Directorate Identifier 2009-NM-250-AD; Amendment 39-16601; AD 2011-04-01] RIN 2120-AA64...-1038; Directorate Identifier 20009-NM-250-AD. Effective Date (a) This airworthiness directive (AD..., 41050-9, 41050-10, 41050-11, 41050-12, 41050-13, 41050-14, 41050-15, 41050-16, 41060-1, 41060-2, 41060-3...

  10. JPRS Report East Europe.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-08-07

    use as explained below. After eliminating the development fund, state enter- prises will cover investment expenditures on R & D directly from costs...region there is very great interest in direct capital investment . This means that the issue will revolve much more around attracting investments ...European system where there will be very little struggle for political influence, but more for capital investment . [Horvath] Your predecessor, Mark

  11. 32 CFR Appendix A to Part 222 - Addressing MDR Requests

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Declassification Division, Suite 02F09-02, 4800 Mark Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22350-3100. EXCEPTION: DoD...) Defense Logistics Agency. Defense Logistics Agency, Attention: DLA/DSS-S, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite...

  12. 32 CFR Appendix A to Part 222 - Addressing MDR Requests

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Declassification Division, Suite 02F09-02, 4800 Mark Center Drive, Alexandria, VA22350-3100. EXCEPTION: DoD...) Defense Logistics Agency. Defense Logistics Agency, Attention: DLA/DSS-S, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite...

  13. 32 CFR Appendix A to Part 222 - Addressing MDR Requests

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Declassification Division, Suite 02F09-02, 4800 Mark Center Drive, Alexandria, VA 22350-3100. EXCEPTION: DoD...) Defense Logistics Agency. Defense Logistics Agency, Attention: DLA/DSS-S, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite...

  14. 49 CFR 564.1 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... requires the submission of dimensional, electrical specification, and marking/designation information, as specified in appendix A and appendix B of this part, for original equipment replaceable light sources used in motor vehicle headlighting systems. [61 FR 20500, May 7, 1996] ...

  15. Factors affecting color correction of retroreflective markings.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2001-09-01

    A nighttime field study was conducted to assess the effects of retroreflective material area, distribution, and : color on judgments of conspicuity. Participants, seated in a stationary vehicle, took part in a pairwise comparison : of the stimuli. Th...

  16. Direct Measurement of Helical Cell Motion of the Spirochete Leptospira

    PubMed Central

    Nakamura, Shuichi; Leshansky, Alexander; Magariyama, Yukio; Namba, Keiichi; Kudo, Seishi

    2014-01-01

    Leptospira are spirochete bacteria distinguished by a short-pitch coiled body and intracellular flagella. Leptospira cells swim in liquid with an asymmetric morphology of the cell body; the anterior end has a long-pitch spiral shape (S-end) and the posterior end is hook-shaped (H-end). Although the S-end and the coiled cell body called the protoplasmic cylinder are thought to be responsible for propulsion together, most observations on the motion mechanism have remained qualitative. In this study, we analyzed the swimming speed and rotation rate of the S-end, protoplasmic cylinder, and H-end of individual Leptospira cells by one-sided dark-field microscopy. At various viscosities of media containing different concentrations of Ficoll, the rotation rate of the S-end and protoplasmic cylinder showed a clear correlation with the swimming speed, suggesting that these two helical parts play a central role in the motion of Leptospira. In contrast, the H-end rotation rate was unstable and showed much less correlation with the swimming speed. Forces produced by the rotation of the S-end and protoplasmic cylinder showed that these two helical parts contribute to propulsion at nearly equal magnitude. Torque generated by each part, also obtained from experimental motion parameters, indicated that the flagellar motor can generate torque >4000 pN nm, twice as large as that of Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the S-end torque was found to show a markedly larger fluctuation than the protoplasmic cylinder torque, suggesting that the unstable H-end rotation might be mechanically related to changes in the S-end rotation rate for torque balance of the entire cell. Variations in torque at the anterior and posterior ends of the Leptospira cell body could be transmitted from one end to the other through the cell body to coordinate the morphological transformations of the two ends for a rapid change in the swimming direction. PMID:24411236

  17. Direct measurement of helical cell motion of the spirochete leptospira.

    PubMed

    Nakamura, Shuichi; Leshansky, Alexander; Magariyama, Yukio; Namba, Keiichi; Kudo, Seishi

    2014-01-07

    Leptospira are spirochete bacteria distinguished by a short-pitch coiled body and intracellular flagella. Leptospira cells swim in liquid with an asymmetric morphology of the cell body; the anterior end has a long-pitch spiral shape (S-end) and the posterior end is hook-shaped (H-end). Although the S-end and the coiled cell body called the protoplasmic cylinder are thought to be responsible for propulsion together, most observations on the motion mechanism have remained qualitative. In this study, we analyzed the swimming speed and rotation rate of the S-end, protoplasmic cylinder, and H-end of individual Leptospira cells by one-sided dark-field microscopy. At various viscosities of media containing different concentrations of Ficoll, the rotation rate of the S-end and protoplasmic cylinder showed a clear correlation with the swimming speed, suggesting that these two helical parts play a central role in the motion of Leptospira. In contrast, the H-end rotation rate was unstable and showed much less correlation with the swimming speed. Forces produced by the rotation of the S-end and protoplasmic cylinder showed that these two helical parts contribute to propulsion at nearly equal magnitude. Torque generated by each part, also obtained from experimental motion parameters, indicated that the flagellar motor can generate torque >4000 pN nm, twice as large as that of Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the S-end torque was found to show a markedly larger fluctuation than the protoplasmic cylinder torque, suggesting that the unstable H-end rotation might be mechanically related to changes in the S-end rotation rate for torque balance of the entire cell. Variations in torque at the anterior and posterior ends of the Leptospira cell body could be transmitted from one end to the other through the cell body to coordinate the morphological transformations of the two ends for a rapid change in the swimming direction. Copyright © 2014 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. The Topography Tub Learning Activity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Glesener, G. B.

    2014-12-01

    Understanding the basic elements of a topographic map (i.e. contour lines and intervals) is just a small part of learning how to use this abstract representational system as a resource in geologic mapping. Interpretation of a topographic map and matching its features with real-world structures requires that the system is utilized for visualizing the shapes of these structures and their spatial orientation. To enrich students' skills in visualizing topography from topographic maps a spatial training activity has been developed that uses 3D objects of various shapes and sizes, a sighting tool, a plastic basin, water, and transparencies. In the first part of the activity, the student is asked to draw a topographic map of one of the 3D objects. Next, the student places the object into a plastic tub in which water is added to specified intervals of height. The shoreline at each interval is used to reference the location of the contour line the student draws on a plastic inkjet transparency directly above the object. A key part of this activity is the use of a sighting tool by the student to assist in keeping the pencil mark directly above the shoreline. It (1) ensures the accurate positioning of the contour line and (2) gives the learner experience with using a sight before going out into the field. Finally, after the student finishes drawing the contour lines onto the transparency, the student can compare and contrast the two maps in order to discover where improvements in their visualization of the contours can be made. The teacher and/or peers can also make suggestions on ways to improve. A number of objects with various shapes and sizes are used in this exercise to produce contour lines representing the different types of topography the student may encounter while field mapping. The intended outcome from using this visualization training activity is improvement in performance of visualizing topography as the student moves between the topographic representation and corresponding topography in the field.

  19. Eighteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1896-1897: Part I - Director's report, including triangulation and spirit leveling

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Walcott, Charles D.

    1897-01-01

    The most important change in the field work was rendered necessary by the legislation providing for the establishment of levels and permanent monuments and bench marks. The clauses of the act embodying this legislation, and a full statement of the reasons for it, were given in the Introduction to Part I of the Seventeenth Annual Report, pages 7 to 11, and the subject is again referred to further on in this report. The actual cost of the leveling and monuments for the year was somewhat greater than it will be another year, as the expense of training men and initiating the new methods- of survey will not have to be met hereafter. During the year 10,840 miles of levels were run and 1,820 bench marks were established.

  20. 5 CFR 330.504 - Special restrictions after appointment under Part-time Direct Hire Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... under Part-time Direct Hire Program. 330.504 Section 330.504 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF... To Protect Competitive Principles § 330.504 Special restrictions after appointment under Part-time Direct Hire Program. (a) A person hired under the Part-time Direct Hire Program may not be changed to...

  1. The influence of AVPR1A genotype on individual differences in behaviors during a mirror self-recognition task in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

    PubMed

    Mahovetz, L M; Young, L J; Hopkins, W D

    2016-06-01

    The mark/rouge test has been used to assess mirror self-recognition (MSR) in many species. Despite consistent evidence of MSR in great apes, genetic or non-genetic factors may account for the individual differences in behavioral responses that have been reported. We examined whether vasopressin receptor gene (AVPR1A) polymorphisms are associated with MSR-related behaviors in chimpanzees since vasopressin has been implicated in the development and evolution of complex social relations and cognition and chimpanzees are polymorphic for the presence of the RS3-containing DupB region. We compared a sample of DupB+/- and DupB-/- chimpanzees on a mark test to assess its role on social behavior toward a mirror. Chimpanzees were administered two, 10-min sessions where frequencies of mirror-guided self-directed behaviors, contingent actions and other social behaviors were recorded. Approximately one-third showed evidence of MSR and these individuals exhibited more mirror-guided self-exploratory behaviors and mouth contingent actions than chimpanzees not classified as passers. Moreover, DupB+/- males exhibited more scratching and agonistic behaviors than other male and female cohorts. Our findings support previous studies demonstrating individual differences in MSR abilities in chimpanzees and suggest that AVPR1A partly explains individual differences in MSR by influencing the behavioral reactions of chimpanzees in front of a mirror. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society.

  2. Survival of female Lesser Scaup: Effects of body size, age, and reproductive effort

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Rotella, J.J.; Clark, R.G.; Afton, A.D.

    2003-01-01

    In birds, larger females generally have greater breeding propensity, reproductive investment, and success than do smaller females. However, optimal female body size also depends on how natural selection acts during other parts of the life cycle. Larger female Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) produce larger eggs than do smaller females, and ducklings from larger eggs survive better than those hatching from smaller eggs. Accordingly, we examined patterns of apparent annual survival for female scaup and tested whether natural selection on female body size primarily was stabilizing, a frequent assumption in studies of sexually dimorphic species in which males are the larger sex, or was directional, counter-acting reproductive advantages of large size. We estimated survival using mark-recapture methods for individually marked females from two study sites in Canada (Erickson, Manitoba; St. Denis, Saskatchewan). Structurally larger (adults) and heavier (ducklings) females had lower survival than did smaller individuals in Manitoba; no relationship was detected in adults from Saskatchewan. Survival of adult females declined with indices of increasing reproductive effort at both sites; consequently, the cost of reproduction could explain age-related patterns of breeding propensity in scaup. Furthermore, if larger females are more likely to breed than are smaller females, then cost of reproduction also may help explain why survival was lower for larger females. Overall, we found that advantages of large body size of female scaup during breeding or as young ducklings apparently were counteracted by natural selection favoring lightweight juveniles and structurally smaller adult females through higher annual survival.

  3. BioC: a minimalist approach to interoperability for biomedical text processing

    PubMed Central

    Comeau, Donald C.; Islamaj Doğan, Rezarta; Ciccarese, Paolo; Cohen, Kevin Bretonnel; Krallinger, Martin; Leitner, Florian; Lu, Zhiyong; Peng, Yifan; Rinaldi, Fabio; Torii, Manabu; Valencia, Alfonso; Verspoor, Karin; Wiegers, Thomas C.; Wu, Cathy H.; Wilbur, W. John

    2013-01-01

    A vast amount of scientific information is encoded in natural language text, and the quantity of such text has become so great that it is no longer economically feasible to have a human as the first step in the search process. Natural language processing and text mining tools have become essential to facilitate the search for and extraction of information from text. This has led to vigorous research efforts to create useful tools and to create humanly labeled text corpora, which can be used to improve such tools. To encourage combining these efforts into larger, more powerful and more capable systems, a common interchange format to represent, store and exchange the data in a simple manner between different language processing systems and text mining tools is highly desirable. Here we propose a simple extensible mark-up language format to share text documents and annotations. The proposed annotation approach allows a large number of different annotations to be represented including sentences, tokens, parts of speech, named entities such as genes or diseases and relationships between named entities. In addition, we provide simple code to hold this data, read it from and write it back to extensible mark-up language files and perform some sample processing. We also describe completed as well as ongoing work to apply the approach in several directions. Code and data are available at http://bioc.sourceforge.net/. Database URL: http://bioc.sourceforge.net/ PMID:24048470

  4. Not just gene expression: 3D implications of chromatin modifications during sexual plant reproduction.

    PubMed

    Dukowic-Schulze, Stefanie; Liu, Chang; Chen, Changbin

    2018-01-01

    DNA methylation and histone modifications are epigenetic changes on a DNA molecule that alter the three-dimensional (3D) structure locally as well as globally, impacting chromatin looping and packaging on a larger scale. Epigenetic marks thus inform higher-order chromosome organization and placement in the nucleus. Conventional epigenetic marks are joined by chromatin modifiers like cohesins, condensins and membrane-anchoring complexes to support particularly 3D chromosome organization. The most popular consequences of epigenetic modifications are gene expression changes, but chromatin modifications have implications beyond this, particularly in actively dividing cells and during sexual reproduction. In this opinion paper, we will focus on epigenetic mechanisms and chromatin modifications during meiosis as part of plant sexual reproduction where 3D management of chromosomes and re-organization of chromatin are defining features and prime tasks in reproductive cells, not limited to modulating gene expression. Meiotic chromosome organization, pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes as well as distribution of meiotic double-strand breaks and resulting crossovers are presumably highly influenced by epigenetic mechanisms. Special mobile small RNAs have been described in anthers, where these so-called phasiRNAs seem to direct DNA methylation in meiotic cells. Intriguingly, many of the mentioned developmental processes make use of epigenetic changes and small RNAs in a manner other than gene expression changes. Widening our approaches and opening our mind to thinking three-dimensionally regarding epigenetics in plant development holds high promise for new discoveries and could give us a boost for further knowledge.

  5. Dynamic encoding of responses and outcomes by neurons in medial prefrontal cortex

    PubMed Central

    Luk, Chung-Hay; Wallis, Jonathan D.

    2009-01-01

    Medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) both contribute to goal-directed behavior, but their precise role remains unclear. Several lines of evidence suggest that MPFC is more important than LPFC for outcome-guided response selection. To examine this, we trained two subjects to perform a task that required them to monitor the specific outcome associated with a specific response on a trial-by-trial basis. While the subjects performed this task, we recorded the electrical activity of single neurons simultaneously from MPFC and LPFC. There were marked differences in the neuronal properties of these two areas. Neurons encoding the response were present in both areas, but in MPFC, there were also neurons that encoded the outcome. In particular, neurons encoded the subject’s intended response and how preferable the received outcome was. Thus, only in MPFC was all the information necessary to solve the task encoded. In addition, largely separate populations of MPFC neurons encoded the response and the outcome. Neurons encoding the outcome were in the anterior parts of MPFC: posterior to the corpus callosum there was a marked drop in their incidence. Our results suggest differences in the contribution of MPFC and LPFC to action control. MPFC neurons encode the desirability of the outcome produced by a specific response on a trial-by-trial basis. This capability may contribute to several of the functions of MPFC, such as action valuation, error detection and decision-making. PMID:19515921

  6. Diffraction-based overlay measurement on dedicated mark using rigorous modeling method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Hailiang; Wang, Fan; Zhang, Qingyun; Chen, Yonghui; Zhou, Chang

    2012-03-01

    Diffraction Based Overlay (DBO) is widely evaluated by numerous authors, results show DBO can provide better performance than Imaging Based Overlay (IBO). However, DBO has its own problems. As well known, Modeling based DBO (mDBO) faces challenges of low measurement sensitivity and crosstalk between various structure parameters, which may result in poor accuracy and precision. Meanwhile, main obstacle encountered by empirical DBO (eDBO) is that a few pads must be employed to gain sufficient information on overlay-induced diffraction signature variations, which consumes more wafer space and costs more measuring time. Also, eDBO may suffer from mark profile asymmetry caused by processes. In this paper, we propose an alternative DBO technology that employs a dedicated overlay mark and takes a rigorous modeling approach. This technology needs only two or three pads for each direction, which is economic and time saving. While overlay measurement error induced by mark profile asymmetry being reduced, this technology is expected to be as accurate and precise as scatterometry technologies.

  7. VATS intraoperative tattooing to facilitate solitary pulmonary nodule resection.

    PubMed

    Willekes, Lourens; Boutros, Cherif; Goldfarb, Michael A

    2008-03-19

    Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become routine and widely accepted for the removal of solitary pulmonary nodules of unknown etiology. Thoracosopic techniques continue to evolve with better instruments, robotic applications, and increased patient acceptance and awareness. Several techniques have been described to localize peripheral pulmonary nodules, including pre-operative CT-guided tattooing with methylene blue, CT scan guided spiral/hook wire placement, and transthoracic ultrasound. As pulmonary surgeons well know, the lung and visceral pleura may appear featureless on top of a pulmonary nodule. This paper presents a rapid, direct and inexpensive approach to peripheral lung lesion resection by marking the lung parenchyma on top of the nodule using direct methylene blue injection. In two patients with peripherally located lung nodules (n = 3) scheduled for VATS, we used direct methylene blue injection for intraoperative localization of the pulmonary nodule. Our technique was the following: After finger palpation of the lung, a spinal 25 gauge needle was inserted through an existing port and 0.1 ml of methylene blue was used to tattoo the pleura perpendicular to the localized nodule. The methylene blue tattoo immediately marks the lung surface over the nodule. The surgeon avoids repeated finger palpation, while lining up stapler, graspers and camera, because of the visible tattoo. Our technique eliminates regrasping and repalpating the lung once again to identify a non marked lesion. Three lung nodules were resected in two patients. Once each lesion was palpated it was marked, and the area was resected with security of accurate localization. All lung nodules were resected in totality with normal lung parenchymal margins. Our technique added about one minute to the operative time. The two patients were discharged home on the second postoperative day, with no morbidity. VATS with intraoperative tattooing is a safe, easy, and accurate technique to streamline and efficiently resect solitary pulmonary nodules.

  8. Where's the Beaverhead beef?. [meteorite impact structure

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hargraves, R. B.

    1992-01-01

    Only rare quartz grains with single-set planar (1013) deformation features (PDF's) are present in breccia dikes found in association with uniformly oriented shatter cones that occur over an area 8 x 25 km. This suggests that the Beaverhead shocked rocks come from only the outer part of the central uplift of what must have been a large (greater than 100 km diameter) complex impact structure. An impact event of this magnitude on continental crust (thought to have occurred in late Precambrian or ealy Paleozoic time) could be expected to punctuate local geologic history. Furthermore, although it may now be covered, its scar should remain despite all the considerable subsequent erosion/deposition and tectonism since the impact. The following are three large-scale singularities or anomalies that may reflect the event and mark its source. (1) The Lemhi Arch is a major structural uplift that occurred in late Proterozoic-early Paleozoic time in East Central Idaho and caused the erosion of at least 4 km of sedimentary cover. This may be directly related to the impact. (2) Of the many thrust sheets comprising the Cordilleran belt, the Cabin plate that carries the shocked rocks is unique in that it alone intersected the crystalline basement. It also now marks the apex of the Southwest Montana Recess in the Sevier front. The basement uplift remaining from the impact may have constituted a mechanical obstacle to the advancing thrust sheets in Cretaceous time, causing the recess. (3) What could be interpreted as a roughly circular aeromagnetic anomaly approx. 70 km in diameter can be discerned in the state aeromagnetic map centered about 20 km southeast of Challis, Idaho, in the Lost River range. It is in approximately the right place, and ignoring the possibility that the anomalies have diverse causes and the circular pattern is coincidental, it may mark what remains of the buried central uplift structure.

  9. Where's the Beaverhead beef?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hargraves, R. B.

    Only rare quartz grains with single-set planar (1013) deformation features (PDF's) are present in breccia dikes found in association with uniformly oriented shatter cones that occur over an area 8 x 25 km. This suggests that the Beaverhead shocked rocks come from only the outer part of the central uplift of what must have been a large (greater than 100 km diameter) complex impact structure. An impact event of this magnitude on continental crust (thought to have occurred in late Precambrian or ealy Paleozoic time) could be expected to punctuate local geologic history. Furthermore, although it may now be covered, its scar should remain despite all the considerable subsequent erosion/deposition and tectonism since the impact. The following are three large-scale singularities or anomalies that may reflect the event and mark its source. (1) The Lemhi Arch is a major structural uplift that occurred in late Proterozoic-early Paleozoic time in East Central Idaho and caused the erosion of at least 4 km of sedimentary cover. This may be directly related to the impact. (2) Of the many thrust sheets comprising the Cordilleran belt, the Cabin plate that carries the shocked rocks is unique in that it alone intersected the crystalline basement. It also now marks the apex of the Southwest Montana Recess in the Sevier front. The basement uplift remaining from the impact may have constituted a mechanical obstacle to the advancing thrust sheets in Cretaceous time, causing the recess. (3) What could be interpreted as a roughly circular aeromagnetic anomaly approx. 70 km in diameter can be discerned in the state aeromagnetic map centered about 20 km southeast of Challis, Idaho, in the Lost River range. It is in approximately the right place, and ignoring the possibility that the anomalies have diverse causes and the circular pattern is coincidental, it may mark what remains of the buried central uplift structure.

  10. Quantum Error Correction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lidar, Daniel A.; Brun, Todd A.

    2013-09-01

    Prologue; Preface; Part I. Background: 1. Introduction to decoherence and noise in open quantum systems Daniel Lidar and Todd Brun; 2. Introduction to quantum error correction Dave Bacon; 3. Introduction to decoherence-free subspaces and noiseless subsystems Daniel Lidar; 4. Introduction to quantum dynamical decoupling Lorenza Viola; 5. Introduction to quantum fault tolerance Panos Aliferis; Part II. Generalized Approaches to Quantum Error Correction: 6. Operator quantum error correction David Kribs and David Poulin; 7. Entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes Todd Brun and Min-Hsiu Hsieh; 8. Continuous-time quantum error correction Ognyan Oreshkov; Part III. Advanced Quantum Codes: 9. Quantum convolutional codes Mark Wilde; 10. Non-additive quantum codes Markus Grassl and Martin Rötteler; 11. Iterative quantum coding systems David Poulin; 12. Algebraic quantum coding theory Andreas Klappenecker; 13. Optimization-based quantum error correction Andrew Fletcher; Part IV. Advanced Dynamical Decoupling: 14. High order dynamical decoupling Zhen-Yu Wang and Ren-Bao Liu; 15. Combinatorial approaches to dynamical decoupling Martin Rötteler and Pawel Wocjan; Part V. Alternative Quantum Computation Approaches: 16. Holonomic quantum computation Paolo Zanardi; 17. Fault tolerance for holonomic quantum computation Ognyan Oreshkov, Todd Brun and Daniel Lidar; 18. Fault tolerant measurement-based quantum computing Debbie Leung; Part VI. Topological Methods: 19. Topological codes Héctor Bombín; 20. Fault tolerant topological cluster state quantum computing Austin Fowler and Kovid Goyal; Part VII. Applications and Implementations: 21. Experimental quantum error correction Dave Bacon; 22. Experimental dynamical decoupling Lorenza Viola; 23. Architectures Jacob Taylor; 24. Error correction in quantum communication Mark Wilde; Part VIII. Critical Evaluation of Fault Tolerance: 25. Hamiltonian methods in QEC and fault tolerance Eduardo Novais, Eduardo Mucciolo and Harold Baranger; 26. Critique of fault-tolerant quantum information processing Robert Alicki; References; Index.

  11. Cannibalism in Tyrannosaurus rex

    PubMed Central

    Longrich, Nicholas R.; Horner, John R.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Currie, Philip J.

    2010-01-01

    Background Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest terrestrial carnivores of all time, and consequently its ecology and diet have been the focus of much discussion. However, there is little direct evidence of diet or feeding habits in this species. Methodology/Principal Findings Examination of museum collections has revealed four specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex that bear tooth marks made by large, carnivorous dinosaurs. Because Tyrannosaurus is the only large carnivore known from the Late Maastrichtian of western North America, we infer that Tyrannosaurus made these tooth marks. Conclusions/Significance The marks are interpreted as feeding traces and these fossils therefore record instances of cannibalism. Given that this behavior has a low preservation potential, cannibalism seems to have been a surprisingly common behavior in Tyrannosaurus, and this behavior may have been relatively common in carnivorous dinosaurs. PMID:20976177

  12. Munchausen syndrome by proxy abuse perpetrated by men

    PubMed Central

    Meadow, R.

    1998-01-01

    Fifteen families are described in which one or more child incurred factitious illness abuse as a result of the father's false story and actions. The degree of direct physical harm, and the chance of death, was high in those families in which the father had Munchausen syndrome or marked somatising disorder. Eleven children died and another six survived repetitive smothering or poisoning. Although the extent of the risk to children living with a parent who has marked somatising disorder is unsure, there must be vigilance on behalf of those children.

 PMID:9613349

  13. Nd:YOV4 laser surface texturing on DLC coating: Effect on morphology, adhesion, and dry wear behavior

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Surfaro, Maria; Giorleo, Luca; Montesano, Lorenzo; Allegri, Gabriele; Ceretti, Elisabetta; La Vecchia, Giovina Marina

    2018-05-01

    The surface of structural components is usually subjected to higher stresses, greater wear or fatigue damage, and more direct environmental exposure than the inner parts. For this reason, the interest to improve superficial properties of items is constantly increasing in different fields as automotive, electronic, biomedical, etc. Different approaches can be used to achieve this goal: case hardening by means of superficial heat treatments like carburizing or nitriding, deposition of thin or thick coatings, roughness modification, etc. Between the available technologies to modify components surface, Laser Surface Texturing (LST) has already been recognized in the last decade as a process, which improves the tribological properties of various parts. Based on these considerations the aim of the present research work was to realize a controlled laser texture on a Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) thin coating (about 3 µm thick) without damaging both the coating itself and the substrate. In particular, the effect of laser process parameters as marking speed and loop cycle were investigated in terms of texture features modifications. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the texture were executed by using a scanning electron microscope and a laser probe system to select the proper laser parameters. Moreover, the effect of the selected texture on the DLC nanohardness, adhesion and wear behavior was pointed out.

  14. 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 221 - Procedures for Approval of Rear End Marking Devices

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... description of the device including the type, luminance description, size of lens, manufacturer and catalog number, lamp manufacturer, lamp type and model number, and any auxiliary optics used. (2) A certification...

  15. 49 CFR Appendix A to Part 221 - Procedures for Approval of Rear End Marking Devices

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... description of the device including the type, luminance description, size of lens, manufacturer and catalog number, lamp manufacturer, lamp type and model number, and any auxiliary optics used. (2) A certification...

  16. 78 FR 27339 - Private Attorney Involvement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-10

    ... LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION 45 CFR Part 1614 Private Attorney Involvement AGENCY: Legal Services... in the rulemaking workshops. SUMMARY: The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is conducting two... to Mark Freedman, Senior Assistant General Counsel, Legal Services Corporation, 3333 K St NW...

  17. Mars Odyssey All Stars: Chasma Boreale

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-12-09

    Chasma Boreale is a long, flat-floored valley that cuts deep into Mars north polar icecap. This image is part of an All Star set marking the occasion of NASA Mars Odyssey as the longest-working Mars spacecraft in history.

  18. Mars Odyssey All Stars: Cerberus Crack

    NASA Image and Video Library

    2010-12-09

    Geological faulting has opened cracks in the Cerberus region that slice through flat plains and mesas alike. This image is part of an All Star set marking the occasion of NASA Mars Odyssey as the longest-working Mars spacecraft in history.

  19. 9 CFR 327.26 - Official import inspection marks and devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... horsemeat food products. EC11SE91.027 For application to mule and other (nonhorse) equine carcasses, primal parts, and cuts, not in containers. EC11SE91.028 For application to outside containers of equine meat...

  20. 2013 Vehicle Theft Prevention Quick Reference Guide for the Law Enforcement Community

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-08-01

    "This and future versions of the Vehicle TheftPrevention Quick Reference Guide for the Law Enforcement Community will provide comprehensive information for vehicle lines. The parts-marking requirements have been : extended to include: : all passe...

Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Top