KINETICS ON A SUPPORTED CATALYST AT SUPERCRITICAL NONDEACTIVATING CONDITIONS. (R824729)

EPA Science Inventory

Abstract

Intrinsic kinetic parameters are reported for the Pt/-Al₂O₃ catalyzed geometric isomerization of 1-hexene (P_c=29.7 bar; T

Inferring Group Processes from Computer-Mediated Affective Text Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schryver, Jack C; Begoli, Edmon; Jose, Ajith

2011-02-01

Political communications in the form of unstructured text convey rich connotative meaning that can reveal underlying group social processes. Previous research has focused on sentiment analysis at the document level, but we extend this analysis to sub-document levels through a detailed analysis of affective relationships between entities extracted from a document. Instead of pure sentiment analysis, which is just positive or negative, we explore nuances of affective meaning in 22 affect categories. Our affect propagation algorithm automatically calculates and displays extracted affective relationships among entities in graphical form in our prototype (TEAMSTER), starting with seed lists of affect terms. Severalmore » useful metrics are defined to infer underlying group processes by aggregating affective relationships discovered in a text. Our approach has been validated with annotated documents from the MPQA corpus, achieving a performance gain of 74% over comparable random guessers.« less

A high-level object-oriented model for representing relationships in an electronic medical record.

PubMed Central

Dolin, R. H.

1994-01-01

The importance of electronic medical records to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of medical care continues to be realized. This growing importance has spawned efforts at defining the structure and content of medical data, which is heterogeneous, highly inter-related, and complex. Computer-assisted data modeling tools have greatly facilitated the process of representing medical data, however the complex inter-relationships of medical information can result in data models that are large and cumbersome to manipulate and view. This report presents a high-level object-oriented model for representing the relationships between objects or entities that might exist in an electronic medical record. By defining the relationship between objects at a high level and providing for inheritance, this model enables relating any medical entity to any other medical entity, even though the relationships were not directly specified or known during data model design. PMID:7949981

CATALYTIC STEAM REFORMING OF CHLOROCARBONS: CATALYST DEACTIVATION. (R826694C633)

EPA Science Inventory

Deactivation of 0.5 wt.% Pt/-Al₂O₃ catalysts during trichloroethylene (TCE)–steam reforming was studied with experiments at 700°C, H

Implementation of supply chain business application through business model canvas and waterfall framework collaborations for fish farmers SMEs in ulekan market bandung

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Priyadi, Y.; Prasetio, A.

2018-03-01

This research resulted in the development of e-SCM application, in small-scale group of fish farmers based on Open Source technology in Ulekan Market Bandung, by collaborating the implementation of e-SCM and Data Management. Then proceed with the application of supply chain business through collaboration Business Model Canvas and Waterfall Framework. For the design of business process reengineering in this activity, it produces a context diagram called e-SCM SME Fish consisting of five entities directly involved with the system, namely: fish shop supervisor, fish shop retailer, employees, fish farmers, and customers. Referring to the Context Diagram, decomposition process of Level 0 e-SCM SMEs Fish. The decomposition results in Data Flow Diagram Level 1 for four sub processes, namely: business partners, transactions, retailer stock, and documentation. Result of nine blocks on Business Model Canvas on e-SCM activity, its category consist of Priority 1, Priority 2, Direct, Indirect, Purchase/e-SCM, Transactional, Community, Asset Sale, Physical Asset, Human, Production, Strategic Alliance -competitors, Coopetition, Buyer supplier relationship, Fixed Cost, Variable Cost. For integration of data management on Localhost Server media on e-SCM using http://whyphi: 8080 address, as prototype which will soon be adopted by farmer fish farmer.

THE PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION AND GAS-PARTICLE PARTITIONING OF OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF DECAMETHYL CYCLOPENTASILOXANE AND DECAMETHYL TETRASILOXANE IN THE ATMOSPHERE. (R826771)

EPA Science Inventory

Abstract

Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane (D₅) and decamethyl tetrasiloxane (MD₂M) were injected into a smog chamber containing fine Arizona road dust particles (95% surface area <2.6 78 FR 38782 - Lifting of Chemical and Biological Weapons (CBW) Proliferation Sanctions Against Chinese Entities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... Arms Control and International Security determined and certified to Congress that lifting sanctions on the following Chinese entities, their sub-units and successors is important to the national security... Security and Nonproliferation, Department of State, Telephone (202) 647-4930. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION...

CHEMISTRY OF FOG WATERS IN CALIFORNIA'S CENTRAL VALLEY: 1. IN SITU PHOTOFORMATION OF HYDROXYL RADICAL AND SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN. (R825433)

EPA Science Inventory

The aqueous-phase photoformation of hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet molecular oxygen (O₂(¹Δ_g) or ¹O^*

75 FR 48625 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Dual Nationals and Third-Country...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-11

..., including technical data, within a foreign business entity, foreign governmental entity, or international..., directly employed by the foreign business entity, foreign governmental entity, or international... any defense article, any foreign business entity, foreign governmental entity, or international...

Medicinal plants: An invaluable, dwindling resource in sub-Saharan Africa.

PubMed

Moyo, Mack; Aremu, Adeyemi O; Van Staden, Johannes

2015-11-04

The use of plant species for different therapeutic/medicinal purposes is well-entrenched in sub-Saharan Africa. To provide a critical and updated review of the enormous medicinal plant heritage in sub-Saharan Africa with regards to the abundance, importance, conservation status and potential means to help sustain their availability for future generations. A comprehensive literature search involving different online databases, books and theses were conducted in order to obtain, collate and synthesize available information on various fundamental aspects pertaining to African medicinal plants. African biodiversity hotspots are endowed with a high level of endemic species with a significant portion possessing medicinal value. Apart from the extensive ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants found in Africa, scientific validation of their biological potential such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties have been recognized. Together with the demand arising from their biological efficacies, other anthropogenic factors are exerting conservation strains of the wild population of these medicinal plants. Even though researchers have acknowledged the importance and value of conserving these medicinal plants, several challenges have hampered these efforts on the Continent as a whole. The rich flora occurring in sub-Saharan Africa suggests enormous potential for discovery of new chemical entity with therapeutic value. However, concerted efforts focused on documenting the conservation status of African medicinal plants are pertinent. Application of different biotechnological techniques is needed to sustain these valuable botanical entities, especially to meet increasing pharmaceutical demand. Most importantly, increased public enlightenment and awareness may help eradicate the prejudice against cultivation of medicinal plants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Epidemic spreading through direct and indirect interactions.

PubMed

Ganguly, Niloy; Krueger, Tyll; Mukherjee, Animesh; Saha, Sudipta

2014-09-01

In this paper we study the susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic dynamics, considering a specialized setting where popular places (termed passive entities) are visited by agents (termed active entities). We consider two types of spreading dynamics: direct spreading, where the active entities infect each other while visiting the passive entities, and indirect spreading, where the passive entities act as carriers and the infection is spread via them. We investigate in particular the effect of selection strategy, i.e., the way passive entities are chosen, in the spread of epidemics. We introduce a mathematical framework to study the effect of an arbitrary selection strategy and derive formulas for prevalence, extinction probabilities, and epidemic thresholds for both indirect and direct spreading. We also obtain a very simple relationship between the extinction probability and the prevalence. We pay special attention to preferential selection and derive exact formulas. The analysis reveals that an increase in the diversity in the selection process lowers the epidemic thresholds. Comparing the direct and indirect spreading, we identify regions in the parameter space where the prevalence of the indirect spreading is higher than the direct one.

Epidemic spreading through direct and indirect interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganguly, Niloy; Krueger, Tyll; Mukherjee, Animesh; Saha, Sudipta

2014-09-01

In this paper we study the susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic dynamics, considering a specialized setting where popular places (termed passive entities) are visited by agents (termed active entities). We consider two types of spreading dynamics: direct spreading, where the active entities infect each other while visiting the passive entities, and indirect spreading, where the passive entities act as carriers and the infection is spread via them. We investigate in particular the effect of selection strategy, i.e., the way passive entities are chosen, in the spread of epidemics. We introduce a mathematical framework to study the effect of an arbitrary selection strategy and derive formulas for prevalence, extinction probabilities, and epidemic thresholds for both indirect and direct spreading. We also obtain a very simple relationship between the extinction probability and the prevalence. We pay special attention to preferential selection and derive exact formulas. The analysis reveals that an increase in the diversity in the selection process lowers the epidemic thresholds. Comparing the direct and indirect spreading, we identify regions in the parameter space where the prevalence of the indirect spreading is higher than the direct one.

8 CFR 204.5 - Petitions for employment-based immigrants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... parent or individual; (B) One of two legal entities owned and controlled by the same group of individuals... controls the work of other supervisory, professional, or managerial employees, or manages an essential..., directly or indirectly, more than half of the entity and controls the entity; or owns, directly or...

2 CFR Appendix to Subpart B of 2... - U.S. States, Other Sub-Federal Entities, and Other Entities Subject to U.S. Obligations Under...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Agreement. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency... recipient U.S.-Canada Agreement. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, State Energy Program (exclusion of Canadian iron, steel and manufactured products from domestic...

2 CFR Appendix to Subpart B of 2... - U.S. States, Other Sub-Federal Entities, and Other Entities Subject to U.S. Obligations Under...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Agreement. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency... recipient U.S.-Canada Agreement. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, State Energy Program (exclusion of Canadian iron, steel and manufactured products from domestic...

2 CFR Appendix to Subpart B of 2... - U.S. States, Other Sub-Federal Entities, and Other Entities Subject to U.S. Obligations Under...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants.... Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, State Energy Program (exclusion of...) Any recipient U.S.-Canada Agreement. U.S. Environmental Protection Clean Water and Drinking Water...

2 CFR Appendix to Subpart B of 2... - U.S. States, Other Sub-Federal Entities, and Other Entities Subject to U.S. Obligations Under...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Agreement. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency... recipient U.S.-Canada Agreement. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, State Energy Program (exclusion of Canadian iron, steel and manufactured products from domestic...

PHOSPHORUS-RICH WATERS AT GLOVERS REEF, BELIZE? (R830414)

EPA Science Inventory

Table 1. Concentrations (M) of ammonium, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN=ammonium + nitrate + nitrite), PO₄³⁻–P (...

Conversation Intention Perception based on Knowledge Base

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-01

Yi Liu Gastritis Fracture Vomit Pain Bleeding thirst Anti-acid Clarithromycin styptic Aspirin Symptom Medicine Disease 1/117 1/157 1/20...occurrence frequency. Firstly, we compute the distance between two entities. For example, distance between entity Gastritis and entity Vomit is...considered as one as they are connected directly, distance between entity Gastritis and entity Fracture is two since they are con- nected through entity

Guidelines for the Effective Use of Entity-Attribute-Value Modeling for Biomedical Databases

PubMed Central

Dinu, Valentin; Nadkarni, Prakash

2007-01-01

Purpose To introduce the goals of EAV database modeling, to describe the situations where Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) modeling is a useful alternative to conventional relational methods of database modeling, and to describe the fine points of implementation in production systems. Methods We analyze the following circumstances: 1) data are sparse and have a large number of applicable attributes, but only a small fraction will apply to a given entity; 2) numerous classes of data need to be represented, each class has a limited number of attributes, but the number of instances of each class is very small. We also consider situations calling for a mixed approach where both conventional and EAV design are used for appropriate data classes. Results and Conclusions In robust production systems, EAV-modeled databases trade a modest data sub-schema for a complex metadata sub-schema. The need to design the metadata effectively makes EAV design potentially more challenging than conventional design. PMID:17098467

31 CFR 535.215 - Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.215 Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an... including funds and securities owned by Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities or controlled entities, are...

31 CFR 535.215 - Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.215 Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an... including funds and securities owned by Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities or controlled entities, are...

31 CFR 535.212 - Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and offices of United States banks located... ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.212 Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an... owned by the Government of Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities, or controlled entities, or (2) Has...

31 CFR 535.215 - Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.215 Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an... including funds and securities owned by Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities or controlled entities, are...

31 CFR 535.212 - Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and offices of United States banks located... ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.212 Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an... owned by the Government of Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities, or controlled entities, or (2) Has...

31 CFR 535.212 - Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and offices of United States banks located... ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.212 Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an... owned by the Government of Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities, or controlled entities, or (2) Has...

31 CFR 535.212 - Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and offices of United States banks located... ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.212 Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an... owned by the Government of Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities, or controlled entities, or (2) Has...

31 CFR 535.215 - Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.215 Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an... including funds and securities owned by Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities or controlled entities, are...

31 CFR 535.215 - Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of... CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.215 Direction involving other properties in which Iran or an... including funds and securities owned by Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities or controlled entities, are...

31 CFR 535.212 - Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest by branches and offices of United States banks located... ASSETS CONTROL REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 535.212 Direction to transfer property in which Iran or an... owned by the Government of Iran or its agencies, instrumentalities, or controlled entities, or (2) Has...

How education for sustainable development is implemented in Germany: Looking through the lens of educational governance theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bormann, Inka; Nikel, Jutta

2017-12-01

The United Nations (UN) Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) aimed to integrate the principles, values and practices of sustainable development into all aspects of education and learning around the world. The authors of this article address the implementation process of ESD in Germany during the UN Decade (2005-2014). By undertaking a meta-analysis of the findings of four related sub-studies they carried out during a three-year project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the authors contribute to the understanding of the process of transferring the concept of ESD within a multi-level education system. They investigated this process at two levels - the federal state (a sub-national entity in Germany) and the communal level. Drawing on educational governance theory, the authors unveil principles, norms, rules and procedures in the coordination of action within constellations of heterogeneous actors contributing to the implementation of ESD in their social entities. The outcome of the meta-analysis describes an emerging governance regime in ESD, taking into consideration the following features impacting the coordination of action being carried out by the actors involved: (1) the understanding of the normative concept of ESD as content of negotiation; (2) the perceived opportunity for actors to gain and increase appreciation within the field of ESD as an incentive for and driver of engagement; and (3) the dynamic quality of the set-up, rules and principles of the coordination of action, which renders these subject to situative changes. In the final part of the paper, the findings are discussed from the perspectives of the theory of transfer and the current empirical basis of ESD policy and governance.

ROVIBRATIONALLY RESOLVED DIRECT PHOTODISSOCIATION THROUGH THE LYMAN AND WERNER TRANSITIONS OF H{sub 2} FOR FUV/X-RAY-IRRADIATED ENVIRONMENTS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gay, C. D.; Porter, R. L.; Stancil, P. C.

Using ab initio potential curves and dipole transition moments, cross-section calculations were performed for the direct continuum photodissociation of H{sub 2} through the B{sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +}{sub u} <- X{sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +}{sub g} (Lyman) and C{sup 1}{Pi}{sub u} <- X{sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +}{sub g} (Werner) transitions. Partial cross-sections were obtained for wavelengths from 100 A to the dissociation threshold between the upper electronic state and each of the 301 bound rovibrational levels v''J'' within the ground electronic state. The resulting cross-sections are incorporated into three representative classes of interstellar gas models: diffuse clouds, photon-dominated regions, and X-ray-dominated regions (XDRs). The models, whichmore » used the CLOUDY plasma/molecular spectra simulation code, demonstrate that direct photodissociation is comparable to fluorescent dissociation (or spontaneous radiative dissociation, the Solomon process) as an H{sub 2} destruction mechanism in intense far-ultraviolet or X-ray-irradiated gas. In particular, changes in H{sub 2} rotational column densities are found to be as large as 20% in the XDR model with the inclusion of direct photodissociation. The photodestruction rate from some high-lying rovibrational levels can be enhanced by pumping from H Ly{beta} due to a wavelength coincidence with cross-section resonances resulting from quasi-bound levels of the upper electronic states. Given the relatively large size of the photodissociation data set, a strategy is described to create truncated, but reliable, cross-section data consistent with the wavelength resolving power of typical observations.« less

Encoding of Fundamental Chemical Entities of Organic Reactivity Interest using chemical ontology and XML.

PubMed

Durairaj, Vijayasarathi; Punnaivanam, Sankar

2015-09-01

Fundamental chemical entities are identified in the context of organic reactivity and classified as appropriate concept classes namely ElectronEntity, AtomEntity, AtomGroupEntity, FunctionalGroupEntity and MolecularEntity. The entity classes and their subclasses are organized into a chemical ontology named "ChemEnt" for the purpose of assertion, restriction and modification of properties through entity relations. Individual instances of entity classes are defined and encoded as a library of chemical entities in XML. The instances of entity classes are distinguished with a unique notation and identification values in order to map them with the ontology definitions. A model GUI named Entity Table is created to view graphical representations of all the entity instances. The detection of chemical entities in chemical structures is achieved through suitable algorithms. The possibility of asserting properties to the entities at different levels and the mechanism of property flow within the hierarchical entity levels is outlined. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

12 CFR 607.4 - Assessment of other System entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Assessment of other System entities. 607.4... APPORTIONMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES § 607.4 Assessment of other System entities. (a)(1) Unless otherwise... section, other System entities will be assessed for estimated direct expenses plus an allocated portion of...

12 CFR 607.4 - Assessment of other System entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Assessment of other System entities. 607.4... APPORTIONMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES § 607.4 Assessment of other System entities. (a)(1) Unless otherwise... section, other System entities will be assessed for estimated direct expenses plus an allocated portion of...

77 FR 31806 - Changes to Implement Micro Entity Status for Paying Patent Fees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-30

... legislative history of 35 U.S.C. 123 is clear that it is directed to a subset of small entities, namely... history do not, for example, contemplate a for-profit, large entity applicant becoming a ``micro entity... across government agencies and identified goals designed to promote innovation; (8) considered approaches...

22 CFR 513.200 - Debarment or suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... by the Federal Government; (2) Direct awards to foreign governments or public international organizations, or transactions with foreign governments or foreign governmental entities, public international organizations, foreign government owned (in whole or in part) or controlled entities, and entities consisting...

78 FR 44016 - Exclusion of Orphan Drugs for Certain Covered Entities Under 340B Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... request or upon a government-approved manufacturer audit request that directly pertains to the covered entity's compliance with section 340B(e) of the PHSA. Any HRSA audit of an affected covered entity will... approval, a manufacturer has the right to audit an affected covered entity's compliance with this section...

PLAN2L: a web tool for integrated text mining and literature-based bioentity relation extraction.

PubMed

Krallinger, Martin; Rodriguez-Penagos, Carlos; Tendulkar, Ashish; Valencia, Alfonso

2009-07-01

There is an increasing interest in using literature mining techniques to complement information extracted from annotation databases or generated by bioinformatics applications. Here we present PLAN2L, a web-based online search system that integrates text mining and information extraction techniques to access systematically information useful for analyzing genetic, cellular and molecular aspects of the plant model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. Our system facilitates a more efficient retrieval of information relevant to heterogeneous biological topics, from implications in biological relationships at the level of protein interactions and gene regulation, to sub-cellular locations of gene products and associations to cellular and developmental processes, i.e. cell cycle, flowering, root, leaf and seed development. Beyond single entities, also predefined pairs of entities can be provided as queries for which literature-derived relations together with textual evidences are returned. PLAN2L does not require registration and is freely accessible at http://zope.bioinfo.cnio.es/plan2l.

20 CFR 641.230 - Must the individual assessment conducted by the SCSEP grantee or sub-recipient and the assessment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Must the individual assessment conducted by the SCSEP grantee or sub-recipient and the assessment performed by the One-Stop delivery system be accepted for use by either entity to determine the individual's need for services in the SCSEP and adult...

20 CFR 641.230 - Must the individual assessment conducted by the SCSEP grantee or sub-recipient and the assessment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Must the individual assessment conducted by the SCSEP grantee or sub-recipient and the assessment performed by the One-Stop delivery system be accepted for use by either entity to determine the individual's need for services in the SCSEP and adult...

20 CFR 641.230 - Must the individual assessment conducted by the SCSEP grantee or sub-recipient and the assessment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Must the individual assessment conducted by the SCSEP grantee or sub-recipient and the assessment performed by the One-Stop delivery system be accepted for use by either entity to determine the individual's need for services in the SCSEP and adult...

20 CFR 641.230 - Must the individual assessment conducted by the SCSEP grantee or sub-recipient and the assessment...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Must the individual assessment conducted by the SCSEP grantee or sub-recipient and the assessment performed by the One-Stop delivery system be accepted for use by either entity to determine the individual's need for services in the SCSEP and adult...

Re-engineering the mission life cycle with ABC and IDEF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mandl, Daniel; Rackley, Michael; Karlin, Jay

1994-01-01

The theory behind re-engineering a business process is to remove the non-value added activities thereby lowering the process cost. In order to achieve this, one must be able to identify where the non-value added elements are located which is not a trivial task. This is because the non-value added elements are often hidden in the form of overhead and/or pooled resources. In order to be able to isolate these non-value added processes from among the other processes, one must first decompose the overall top level process into lower layers of sub-processes. In addition, costing data must be assigned to each sub-process along with the value the sub-process adds towards the final product. IDEF0 is a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) process-modeling tool that allows for this functional decomposition through structured analysis. In addition, it illustrates the relationship of the process and the value added to the product or service. The value added portion is further defined in IDEF1X which is an entity relationship diagramming tool. The entity relationship model is the blueprint of the product as it moves along the 'assembly line' and therefore relates all of the parts to each other and the final product. It also relates the parts to the tools that produce the product and all of the paper work that is used in their acquisition. The use of IDEF therefore facilitates the use of Activity Based Costing (ABC). ABC is an essential method in a high variety, product-customizing environment, to facilitate rapid response to externally caused change. This paper describes the work being done in the Mission Operations Division to re-engineer the development and operation life cycle of Mission Operations Centers using these tools.

Accommodating Ontologies to Biological Reality—Top-Level Categories of Cumulative-Constitutively Organized Material Entities

PubMed Central

Vogt, Lars; Grobe, Peter; Quast, Björn; Bartolomaeus, Thomas

2012-01-01

Background The Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level formal foundational ontology for the biomedical domain. It has been developed with the purpose to serve as an ontologically consistent template for top-level categories of application oriented and domain reference ontologies within the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies Foundry (OBO). BFO is important for enabling OBO ontologies to facilitate in reliably communicating and managing data and metadata within and across biomedical databases. Following its intended single inheritance policy, BFO's three top-level categories of material entity (i.e. ‘object’, ‘fiat object part’, ‘object aggregate’) must be exhaustive and mutually disjoint. We have shown elsewhere that for accommodating all types of constitutively organized material entities, BFO must be extended by additional categories of material entity. Methodology/Principal Findings Unfortunately, most biomedical material entities are cumulative-constitutively organized. We show that even the extended BFO does not exhaustively cover cumulative-constitutively organized material entities. We provide examples from biology and everyday life that demonstrate the necessity for ‘portion of matter’ as another material building block. This implies the necessity for further extending BFO by ‘portion of matter’ as well as three additional categories that possess portions of matter as aggregate components. These extensions are necessary if the basic assumption that all parts that share the same granularity level exhaustively sum to the whole should also apply to cumulative-constitutively organized material entities. By suggesting a notion of granular representation we provide a way to maintain the single inheritance principle when dealing with cumulative-constitutively organized material entities. Conclusions/Significance We suggest to extend BFO to incorporate additional categories of material entity and to rearrange its top-level material entity taxonomy. With these additions and the notion of granular representation, BFO would exhaustively cover all top-level types of material entities that application oriented ontologies may use as templates, while still maintaining the single inheritance principle. PMID:22253856

Direct radioimmunoassay of urinary estrogen and pregnanediol glucuronides during the menstrual cycle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stanczyk, F.Z.; Miyakawa, I.; Goebelsmann, U.

Assays measuring immunoreactive estrone glucuronide (E/sub 1/G), estradiol-3-glucuronide (E/sub 2/-3G), estradiol-17..beta..-glucuronide (E/sub 2/-17G), estriol-3-glucuronide (E/sub 3/-3G), estriol-16..cap alpha..-glucuronide (E/sub 3/-16G), and pregnanediol-3..cap alpha..-glucuronide (Pd-3G) directly in diluted urine were developed and validated. These estrogen and pregnanediol glucuronide fractions were measured in aliquots of 24-hour and overnight samples of urine collected daily from seven women for one menstrual cycle. Urinary hormone excretion was correlated with daily serum estradiol (E/sub 2/), progesterone (P), and lutenizing hormonee (LH) levels. A sharp midcycle LH peak preceded by a preovulatory rise in serum E/sub 2/ and followed by luteal phase serum P levels were notedmore » in each of the seven apparently ovulatory cycles. Twenty-four-hour and overnight urinary excretion patterns of estrogen glucuronides were similar to those of serum E/sub 2/. Of the five estrogen glucuronide fractions tested, excretion of E/sub 2/-17G exhibited the earliest and steepest ascending slope of the preovulatory estrogen surge and correlated best with serum E/sub 2/ levels. Urinary excretion of E/sub 1/-G, E/sub 2/-3G, and E/sub 3/-16G also showed an early and steep preovulatory rise and preceded that of E/sub 3/-3G, whereas urinary excretion of E/sub 3/-3G exhibited the poorest correlation with serum E/sub 2/ concentrations. The urinary excretion of Pd-3G rose parallel to serum P levels and was markedly elevated 2 to 3 days after the midcycle LH peak in both 24-hour and overnight collections of urine. These results indicate that among the urinary estrogen conjugate fractions tested, E/sub 2/-17G is the one that most suitably predicts ovulation.« less

Structural defects and recombination behavior of excited carriers in Cu(In,Ga)Se{sub 2} solar cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, J.; Du, H. W.; Li, Y.

2016-08-15

The carriers’ behavior in neutral region (NTR) and space charged region (SCR) of Cu(In,Ga)Se{sub 2} thin film based solar cells has been investigated by temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL-T), electroluminescence (EL-T) and current-voltage (IV-T) from 10 to 300 K. PL-T spectra show that three kinds of defects, namely V{sub Se}, In{sub Cu} and (In{sub Cu}+V{sub Cu}), are localized within the band gap of NTR and SCR of CIGS layer, corresponding to the energy levels of E{sub C}-0.08, E{sub C}-0.20 and E{sub C}-0.25 eV, respectively. The In{sub Cu} and (In{sub Cu}+V{sub Cu}) deep level defects are non-radiative recombination centers at room temperature.more » The IV-T and EL-T analysis reveals that the injection modes of electrons from ZnO conduction band into Cu(In,Ga)Se{sub 2} layer are tunneling, thermally-excited tunneling and thermionic emission under 10-40, 60-160, and 180-300 K, respectively. At 10-160 K, the electrons tunnel into (In{sub Cu}+V{sub Cu}) and V{sub se} defect levels in band gap of SCR and the drifting is involved in the emission bands at 0.96 and 1.07 eV, which is the direct evidence for a tunneling assisted recombination. At 180-300 K, the electrons are directly injected into the Cu(In,Ga)Se{sub 2} conduction band, and the emission of 1.13 eV are ascribed to the transitions from the conduction band to the valence band.« less

Top-Level Categories of Constitutively Organized Material Entities - Suggestions for a Formal Top-Level Ontology

PubMed Central

Vogt, Lars; Grobe, Peter; Quast, Björn; Bartolomaeus, Thomas

2011-01-01

Background Application oriented ontologies are important for reliably communicating and managing data in databases. Unfortunately, they often differ in the definitions they use and thus do not live up to their potential. This problem can be reduced when using a standardized and ontologically consistent template for the top-level categories from a top-level formal foundational ontology. This would support ontological consistency within application oriented ontologies and compatibility between them. The Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is such a foundational ontology for the biomedical domain that has been developed following the single inheritance policy. It provides the top-level template within the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies Foundry. If it wants to live up to its expected role, its three top-level categories of material entity (i.e., ‘object’, ‘fiat object part’, ‘object aggregate’) must be exhaustive, i.e. every concrete material entity must instantiate exactly one of them. Methodology/Principal Findings By systematically evaluating all possible basic configurations of material building blocks we show that BFO's top-level categories of material entity are not exhaustive. We provide examples from biology and everyday life that demonstrate the necessity for two additional categories: ‘fiat object part aggregate’ and ‘object with fiat object part aggregate’. By distinguishing topological coherence, topological adherence, and metric proximity we furthermore provide a differentiation of clusters and groups as two distinct subcategories for each of the three categories of material entity aggregates, resulting in six additional subcategories of material entity. Conclusions/Significance We suggest extending BFO to incorporate two additional categories of material entity as well as two subcategories for each of the three categories of material entity aggregates. With these additions, BFO would exhaustively cover all top-level types of material entity that application oriented ontologies may use as templates. Our result, however, depends on the premise that all material entities are organized according to a constitutive granularity. PMID:21533043

Integrated Hydro-geomorphological Monitoring System of the Upper Bussento river basin (Cilento and Vallo Diano Geopark, S-Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guida, D.; Cuomo, A.; Longobardi, A.; Villani, P.; Guida, M.; Guadagnuolo, D.; Cestari, A.; Siervo, V.; Benevento, G.; Sorvino, S.; Doto, R.; Verrone, M.; De Vita, A.; Aloia, A.; Positano, P.

2012-04-01

The Mediterranean river ecosystem functionings are supported by river-aquifer interactions. The assessment of their ecological services requires interdisciplinary scientific approaches, integrate monitoring systems and inter-institutional planning and management. This poster illustrates the Hydro-geomorphological Monitoring System build-up in the Upper Bussento river basin by the University of Salerno, in agreement with the local Basin Autorities and in extension to the other river basins located in the Cilento and Vallo Diano National Park (southern Italy), recently accepted in the European Geopark Network. The Monitoring System is based on a hierarchical Hydro-geomorphological Model (HGM), improved in a multiscale, nested and object-oriented Hydro-geomorphological Informative System (HGIS, Figure 1). Hydro-objects are topologically linked and functionally bounded by Hydro-elements at various levels of homogeneity (Table 1). Spatial Hydro-geomorpho-system, HG-complex and HG-unit support respectively areal Hydro-objects, as basin, sector and catchment and linear Hydro-objects, as river, segment, reach and section. Runoff initiation points, springs, disappearing points, junctions, gaining and water losing points complete the Hydro-systems. An automatic procedure use the Pfafstetter coding to hierarchically divide a terrain into arbitrarily small hydro-geomorphological units (basin, interfluve, headwater and no-contribution areas, each with a unique label with hierarchical topological properties. To obtain a hierarchy of hydro-geomorphological units, the method is then applied recursively on each basin and interbasin, and labels of the subdivided regions are appended to the existing label of the original region. The monitoring stations are ranked consequently in main, secondary, temporary and random and located progressively at the points or sections representative for the hydro-geomorphological responses by validation control and modeling calibration. The datasets are organized into a relational geodatabase supporting tracer testings, space-time analysis and hydrological modeling. At the moment, three main station for hourly streamflow measurements are located at the terminal sections of the main basin and the two main sub-basin; secondary stations for weekly discharge measurements are located along the Upper Bussento river segment, upstream and downstream of each river reach or tributary catchments or karst spring inflow. Temporary stations are located in the representative sections of the catchments to detect stream flow losses into alluvial beds or experimental parcels in the bare karst and forested sandstone headwaters. Streamflow measurements are combined with geochemical survey and water sampling for Radon activity concentration measurements. Results of measurement campains in Radon space-time distribution within the basin are given in other contribution of same EGU session. Monitoring results confirm the hourly, daily, weekly and monthly hydrological data and validate outcomes of semi-distributed hydrological models based on previously time series, allowing both academic consultants and institutional subject to extend the Integrated Hydro-geomorphological Monitoring System to the surrounding drainage areas of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano Geopark. Keywords: River-aquifer interaction, Upper Bussento river basin, monitoring system, hydro-geomorphology, semi-distributed hydrological model. Table 1: Comparative, hierarchical Hydro-morpho-climate entities Hierarchy levelArea (Km2) Scale Orography Entity Climate Entity Morfological Entity Areal Drainage Entity Linear Drainage Entity VIII 106 1:15E6 Orogen Macroscale α Morphological Region Hydrological Region VII 105 1:10E6 Chain Sistem Macroscale β Morphological Province Hydrological Province VI 104 1:5E5 Chain Mesoscale α Morphological Sistem Basin River V 103 1:2,5E5Chain Segment Mesoscale β Morphological Sub-systemSub-Basin Torrent IV 100 1:1,0E5Orographic Group Mesoscale γ Morphological Complex Basin Sector Mid Order Channel/ Segment III 10 1: 5E4 Orographic System Microscale αMorphological Unit Watershed Low Order Channel/ Reach II 1 1:2,5E3Orographic ComplexMicroscale βMorphological ComponentCatchment Transient Channel/ Pool I 10-2 1:5E3 Orographic Unit Microscale γMorphological Element Hollow Zero Order Channel PIC

Direct determination of energy level alignment and charge transport at metal/Alq{sub 3} interfaces via ballistic-electron-emission spectroscopy.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, J. S.; Pearson, J. E.; Bader, S. D.

2011-04-15

Using ballistic-electron-emission spectroscopy (BEES), we directly determined the energy barrier for electron injection at clean interfaces of Alq{sub 3} with Al and Fe to be 2.1 and 2.2 eV, respectively. We quantitatively modeled the sub-barrier BEES spectra with an accumulated space charge layer, and found that the transport of nonballistic electrons is consistent with random hopping over the injection barrier.

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

43 CFR 426.8 - Nonresident aliens and foreign entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Nonresident aliens and foreign entities..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ACREAGE LIMITATION RULES AND REGULATIONS § 426.8 Nonresident aliens and foreign... reclamation law or these regulations, a nonresident alien or foreign entity that directly holds land in a...

14 CFR Sec. 2-2 - Basis of allocation between entities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the air carrier, as well as each transport entity and organizational division of the air carrier for... recorded and placed initially under accounting controls of the particular air transport entity or organizational division of the air carrier or member of an affiliated group to which directly traceable. If...

Energy level alignment and sub-bandgap charge generation in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells.

PubMed

Tsang, Sai-Wing; Chen, Song; So, Franky

2013-05-07

Using charge modulated electroabsorption spectroscopy (CMEAS), for the first time, the energy level alignment of a polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cell is directly measured. The charge-transfer excitons generated by the sub-bandgap optical pumping are coupled with the modulating electric field and introduce subtle changes in optical absorption in the sub-bandgap region. This minimum required energy for sub-bandgap charge genreation is defined as the effective bandgap. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

34 CFR 85.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

21 CFR 1404.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

22 CFR 1006.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

2 CFR 180.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

22 CFR 1508.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... governmental entities. (b) A benefit to an individual as a personal entitlement without regard to the...

Pointing and Reference in Sign Language and Spoken Language: Anchoring vs. Identifying

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barberà, Gemma; Zwets, Martine

2013-01-01

In both signed and spoken languages, pointing serves to direct an addressee's attention to a particular entity. This entity may be either present or absent in the physical context of the conversation. In this article we focus on pointing directed to nonspeaker/nonaddressee referents in Sign Language of the Netherlands (Nederlandse Gebarentaal,…

2 CFR 200.463 - Recruiting costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... allowable. (b) Special emoluments, fringe benefits, and salary allowances incurred to attract professional... entity's cost accounting practices and non-Federal entity policy; and (4) Meet the definition of “direct...

Semantic Entity Pairing for Improved Data Validation and Discovery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shepherd, Adam; Chandler, Cyndy; Arko, Robert; Chen, Yanning; Krisnadhi, Adila; Hitzler, Pascal; Narock, Tom; Groman, Robert; Rauch, Shannon

2014-05-01

One of the central incentives for linked data implementations is the opportunity to leverage the rich logic inherent in structured data. The logic embedded in semantic models can strengthen capabilities for data discovery and data validation when pairing entities from distinct, contextually-related datasets. The creation of links between the two datasets broadens data discovery by using the semantic logic to help machines compare similar entities and properties that exist on different levels of granularity. This semantic capability enables appropriate entity pairing without making inaccurate assertions as to the nature of the relationship. Entity pairing also provides a context to accurately validate the correctness of an entity's property values - an exercise highly valued by data management practices who seek to ensure the quality and correctness of their data. The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) semantically models metadata surrounding oceanographic researchcruises, but other sources outside of BCO-DMO exist that also model metadata about these same cruises. For BCO-DMO, the process of successfully pairing its entities to these sources begins by selecting sources that are decidedly trustworthy and authoritative for the modeled concepts. In this case, the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program has a well-respected reputation among the oceanographic research community, presents a data context that is uniquely different and valuable, and semantically models its cruise metadata. Where BCO-DMO exposes the processed, analyzed data products generated by researchers, R2R exposes the raw shipboard data that was collected on the same research cruises. Interlinking these cruise entities expands data discovery capabilities but also allows for validating the contextual correctness of both BCO-DMO's and R2R's cruise metadata. Assessing the potential for a link between two datasets for a similar entity consists of aligning like properties and deciding on the appropriate semantic markup to describe the link. This highlights the desire for research organizations like BCO-DMO and R2R to ensure the complete accuracy of their exposed metadata, as it directly reflects on their reputations as successful and trustworthy source of research data. Therefore, data validation reaches beyond simple syntax of property values into contextual correctness. As a human process, this is a time-intensive task that does not scale well for finite human and funding resources. Therefore, to assess contextual correctness across datasets at different levels of granularity, BCO-DMO is developing a system that employs semantic technologies to aid the human process by organizing potential links and calculating a confidence coefficient as to the correctness of the potential pairing based on the distance between certain entity property values. The system allows humans to quickly scan potential links and their confidence coefficients for asserting persistence and correcting and investigating misaligned entity property values.

Synthesis, crystal structures and luminescence properties of the Eu 3+-doped yttrium oxotellurates(IV) Y 2Te 4O 11 and Y 2Te 5O 13

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Höss, Patrick; Osvet, Andres; Meister, Frank; Batentschuk, Miroslaw; Winnacker, Albrecht; Schleid, Thomas

2008-10-01

Y 2Te 4O 11:Eu 3+ and Y 2Te 5O 13:Eu 3+ single crystals in sub-millimeter scale were synthesized from the binary oxides (Y 2O 3, Eu 2O 3 and TeO 2) using CsCl as fluxing agent. Crystallographic structures of the undoped yttrium oxotellurates(IV) Y 2Te 4O 11 and Y 2Te 5O 13 have been determined and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. In Y 2Te 4O 11, a layered structure is present where the reticulated sheets consisting of edge-sharing [YO 8] 13- polyhedra are interconnected by the oxotellurate(IV) units, whereas in Y 2Te 5O 13 only double chains of condensed yttrium-oxygen polyhedra with coordination numbers of 7 and 8 are left, now linked in two crystallographic directions by the oxotellurate(IV) entities. The Eu 3+ luminescence spectra and the decay time from different energy levels of the doped compounds were investigated and all detected emission levels were identified. Luminescence properties of the Eu 3+ cations have been interpreted in consideration of the now accessible detailed crystallographic data of the yttrium compounds, providing the possibility to examine the influence of the local symmetry of the oxygen coordination spheres.

Identifying Liver Cancer and Its Relations with Diseases, Drugs, and Genes: A Literature-Based Approach

PubMed Central

Song, Min

2016-01-01

In biomedicine, scientific literature is a valuable source for knowledge discovery. Mining knowledge from textual data has become an ever important task as the volume of scientific literature is growing unprecedentedly. In this paper, we propose a framework for examining a certain disease based on existing information provided by scientific literature. Disease-related entities that include diseases, drugs, and genes are systematically extracted and analyzed using a three-level network-based approach. A paper-entity network and an entity co-occurrence network (macro-level) are explored and used to construct six entity specific networks (meso-level). Important diseases, drugs, and genes as well as salient entity relations (micro-level) are identified from these networks. Results obtained from the literature-based literature mining can serve to assist clinical applications. PMID:27195695

2 CFR 25.110 - Types of recipient and subrecipient entities to which this part applies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Types of recipient and subrecipient entities... agency awards; or (2) Receive subawards directly from recipients of those agency awards. (b) Exemptions... identified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, an agency may exempt an entity from an applicable requirement...

2 CFR 25.110 - Types of recipient and subrecipient entities to which this part applies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Types of recipient and subrecipient entities... (2) Receive subawards directly from recipients of those agency awards. (b) Exemptions for individuals... in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, an agency may exempt an entity from an applicable requirement to...

2 CFR 25.110 - Types of recipient and subrecipient entities to which this part applies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Types of recipient and subrecipient entities... agency awards; or (2) Receive subawards directly from recipients of those agency awards. (b) Exemptions... identified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, an agency may exempt an entity from an applicable requirement...

2 CFR 25.110 - Types of recipient and subrecipient entities to which this part applies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Types of recipient and subrecipient entities... agency awards; or (2) Receive subawards directly from recipients of those agency awards. (b) Exemptions... identified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, an agency may exempt an entity from an applicable requirement...

Synthesis and crystal structure of a new 2,6-dimethyl piperazine-1,4-diium perchlorate monohydrate: [C{sub 6}H{sub 16}N{sub 2}](ClO{sub 4}){sub 2} · H{sub 2}O

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mleh, C. Ben; Roisnel, T.; Marouani, H., E-mail: houda.marouani@fsb.rnu.tn

2017-03-15

A proton transfer compound 2,6-dimethyl piperazine-1,4-diium perchlorate monohydrate was synthesized by slow evaporation at room temperature using 2,6-dimethyl piperazine as template. The asymmetric unit contains one organic dication, two crystal graphically independent perchlorate anions and one water molecule. Each organic entities is engaged in a large number of bifurcated and non-bifurcated N–H···O (O) and C–H···O hydrogen bonds with different species and enhanced the three dimensional supramolecular network. In addition, the diprotonated piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation with the methyl groups occupying equatorial positions.

15 CFR 90.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... non-functioning county or statistical equivalent means a sub-state entity that does not function as an... program, an eligible governmental unit also includes the District of Columbia and non-functioning counties or statistical equivalents represented by a FSCPE member agency. ...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Capone, D.G.; Penhale, P.A.; Oremland, R.S.

N/sub 2/ (C/sub 2/H/sub 2/) fixation and primary production were measured in communities of Thalassia testudinum at two sites in Bimini Harbor (Bahamas). Production was determined by uptake of (/sup 14/C)NaHCO/sub 3/, by leaf growth measurements, and by applying an empirical formula based on leaf dimensions. The last two methods gave similar results but the /sup 14/C method gave higher values. Anaerobic sediment N/sub 2/ fixation supplied about 1/4 to 1/2 of the nitrogen demand for leaf production (by leaf growth method) and there was a significant correlation between N/sub 2/ fixation and CO/sub 2/ fixation rates when all componentsmore » of the communities were considered (macrophyte, phyllosphere epiphytes, and detrital leaves). N/sub 2/ fixation is important to production in Thalassia communities and the plant and its leaf epiphytes may be distinct entities in terms of nitrogen and carbon metabolism.« less

LeadMine: a grammar and dictionary driven approach to entity recognition.

PubMed

Lowe, Daniel M; Sayle, Roger A

2015-01-01

Chemical entity recognition has traditionally been performed by machine learning approaches. Here we describe an approach using grammars and dictionaries. This approach has the advantage that the entities found can be directly related to a given grammar or dictionary, which allows the type of an entity to be known and, if an entity is misannotated, indicates which resource should be corrected. As recognition is driven by what is expected, if spelling errors occur, they can be corrected. Correcting such errors is highly useful when attempting to lookup an entity in a database or, in the case of chemical names, converting them to structures. Our system uses a mixture of expertly curated grammars and dictionaries, as well as dictionaries automatically derived from public resources. We show that the heuristics developed to filter our dictionary of trivial chemical names (from PubChem) yields a better performing dictionary than the previously published Jochem dictionary. Our final system performs post-processing steps to modify the boundaries of entities and to detect abbreviations. These steps are shown to significantly improve performance (2.6% and 4.0% F1-score respectively). Our complete system, with incremental post-BioCreative workshop improvements, achieves 89.9% precision and 85.4% recall (87.6% F1-score) on the CHEMDNER test set. Grammar and dictionary approaches can produce results at least as good as the current state of the art in machine learning approaches. While machine learning approaches are commonly thought of as "black box" systems, our approach directly links the output entities to the input dictionaries and grammars. Our approach also allows correction of errors in detected entities, which can assist with entity resolution.

LeadMine: a grammar and dictionary driven approach to entity recognition

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Background Chemical entity recognition has traditionally been performed by machine learning approaches. Here we describe an approach using grammars and dictionaries. This approach has the advantage that the entities found can be directly related to a given grammar or dictionary, which allows the type of an entity to be known and, if an entity is misannotated, indicates which resource should be corrected. As recognition is driven by what is expected, if spelling errors occur, they can be corrected. Correcting such errors is highly useful when attempting to lookup an entity in a database or, in the case of chemical names, converting them to structures. Results Our system uses a mixture of expertly curated grammars and dictionaries, as well as dictionaries automatically derived from public resources. We show that the heuristics developed to filter our dictionary of trivial chemical names (from PubChem) yields a better performing dictionary than the previously published Jochem dictionary. Our final system performs post-processing steps to modify the boundaries of entities and to detect abbreviations. These steps are shown to significantly improve performance (2.6% and 4.0% F1-score respectively). Our complete system, with incremental post-BioCreative workshop improvements, achieves 89.9% precision and 85.4% recall (87.6% F1-score) on the CHEMDNER test set. Conclusions Grammar and dictionary approaches can produce results at least as good as the current state of the art in machine learning approaches. While machine learning approaches are commonly thought of as "black box" systems, our approach directly links the output entities to the input dictionaries and grammars. Our approach also allows correction of errors in detected entities, which can assist with entity resolution. PMID:25810776

Two different carbon-hydrogen complexes in silicon with closely spaced energy levels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stübner, R., E-mail: ronald.stuebner@physik.tu-dresden.de, E-mail: kolkov@ifpan.edu.pl; Kolkovsky, Vl., E-mail: ronald.stuebner@physik.tu-dresden.de, E-mail: kolkov@ifpan.edu.pl; Weber, J.

An acceptor and a single donor state of carbon-hydrogen defects (CH{sub A} and CH{sub B}) are observed by Laplace deep level transient spectroscopy at 90 K. CH{sub A} appears directly after hydrogenation by wet chemical etching or hydrogen plasma treatment, whereas CH{sub B} can be observed only after a successive annealing under reverse bias at about 320 K. The activation enthalpies of these states are 0.16 eV for CH{sub A} and 0.14 eV for CH{sub B}. Our results reconcile previous controversial experimental results. We attribute CH{sub A} to the configuration where substitutional carbon binds a hydrogen atom on a bond centered position between carbonmore » and the neighboring silicon and CH{sub B} to another carbon-hydrogen defect.« less

Electronic structure and energetics of the tetragonal distortion for TiH2, ZrH2 and HfH2: a first principles study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Quijano, Ramiro; DeCoss, Romeo; Singh, David J

2009-01-01

The electronic structure and energetics of the tetragonal distortion for the fluorite-type dihydrides TiH{sub 2}, ZrH{sub 2}, and HfH{sub 2} are studied by means of highly accurate first-principles total-energy calculations. For HfH{sub 2}, in addition to the calculations using the scalar relativistic (SR) approximation, calculations including the spin-orbit coupling have also been performed. The results show that TiH{sub 2}, ZrH{sub 2}, and HfH{sub 2} in the cubic phase are unstable against tetragonal strain. For the three systems, the total energy shows two minima as a function of the c/a ratio with the lowest-energy minimum at c/a < 1 in agreementmore » with the experimental observations. The band structure of TiH{sub 2}, ZrH{sub 2}, and HfH{sub 2} (SR) around the Fermi level shows two common features along the two major symmetry directions of the Brillouin zone, {Lambda}?L and {Lambda}?K, a nearly flat doubly degenerate band, and a van Hove singularity, respectively. In cubic HfH{sub 2} the spin-orbit coupling lifts the degeneracy of the partially filled bands in the {Lambda}?L path, while the van Hove singularity in the {Lambda}?K path remains unchanged. The density of states of the three systems in the cubic phase shows a sharp peak at the Fermi level. We found that the tetragonal distortion produces a strong reduction in the density of states at the Fermi level resulting mainly from the splitting of the doubly-degenerate bands in the {Lambda}?L direction and the shift of the van Hove singularity to above the Fermi level. The validity of the Jahn-Teller model in explaining the tetragonal distortion in this group of dihydrides is discussed.« less

Probing in-plane anisotropy in fewlayer ReS₂ using low frequency noise measurement.

PubMed

Mitra, Richa; Jariwala, Bhakti; Bhattacharya, Arnab; Das, Anindya

2018-01-31

ReS₂, a layered two-dimensional material popular for its in-plane anisotropic properties is emerging as one of the potential candidates for flexible electronics and ultrafast optical applications. It is an n-type semiconducting material having a layer independent bandgap of 1.55 eV. In this paper we have characterized the intrinsic electronic noise level of fewlayer ReS₂ for the first time. Fewlayer ReS₂ FET devices show 1/f nature of noise for frequency ranging over three orders of magnitude. We have also observed that not only the electrical response of the material is anisotropic; the noise level is also direction dependent. In fact the noise is found to be more sensitive towards the anisotropy. This fact has been explained by evoking the theory where the Hooge parameter is not a constant quantity, but has a distinct power law dependence on mobility along the two axes direction. The anisotropy in 1/f noise measurement will pave the way to quantify the anisotropic nature of two-dimensional (2D) materials, which will be helpful for the design of low noise transistor in future. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Thresholds for Shifting Visually Perceived Eye Level Due to Incremental Pitches

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scott, Donald M.; Welch, Robert; Cohen, M. M.; Hill, Cyndi

2001-01-01

Visually perceived eye level (VPEL) was judged by subjects as they viewed a luminous grid pattern that was pitched by 2 or 5 deg increments between -20 deg and +20 deg. Subjects were dark adapted for 20 min and indicated--VPEL by directing the beam of a laser pointer to the rear wall of a 1.25 m cubic pitch box that rotated about a horizontal axis midpoint on the rear wall. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and the Tukey HSD procedure. Results showed a 10.0 deg threshold for pitches P(sub i) above the reference pitch P(sub 0), and a -10.3 deg threshold for pitches P(sub i) below-the reference-pitch P(sub 0). Threshold data for pitches P(sub i) < P(sub 0) suggest an asymmetric threshold for VPEL below and above physical eye level.

The attribution of navigational- and goal-directed agency in dogs (Canis familiaris) and human toddlers (Homo sapiens).

PubMed

Tauzin, Tibor; Csík, Andor; Lovas, Kata; Gergely, György; Topál, József

2017-02-01

Both human infants and nonhuman primates can recognize unfamiliar entities as instrumental agents ascribing to them goals and efficiency of goal-pursuit. This competence relies on movement cues indicating distal sensitivity to the environment and choice of efficient goal-approach. Although dogs' evolved sensitivity to social cues allow them to recognize humans as communicative agents, it remains unclear whether they have also evolved a basic concept of instrumental agency. We used a preferential object-choice procedure to test whether adult pet dogs and human toddlers can identify unfamiliar entities as agents based on different types of movement cues that specify different levels of agency. In the navigational agency condition, dogs preferentially chose an object that modified its pathway to avoid collision with obstacles over another object showing no evidence of distal sensitivity (regularly bumping into obstacles). However, in the goal-efficiency condition where neither object collided with obstacles as it navigated toward a distal target, but only 1 of them exhibited efficient goal-approach as well, toddlers, but not dogs, showed a preference toward the efficient goal-directed agent. These findings indicate that dogs possess a limited concept of environmentally sensitive navigational agency that they attribute to self-propelled entities capable of modifying their movement to avoid colliding with obstacles. Toddlers, in contrast, demonstrated clear sensitivity to cues of efficient variability of goal-approach as the basis for differentiating, attributing, and showing preference for goal-directed instrumental agency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

5 CFR 890.1003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... a physician, hospital, clinic, or other individual or entity that, directly or indirectly, furnishes... Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL... and equipment; and hospitals, clinics, or other institutional entities that furnish supplies and...

5 CFR 890.1003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... a physician, hospital, clinic, or other individual or entity that, directly or indirectly, furnishes... Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL... and equipment; and hospitals, clinics, or other institutional entities that furnish supplies and...

5 CFR 890.1003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... a physician, hospital, clinic, or other individual or entity that, directly or indirectly, furnishes... Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL... and equipment; and hospitals, clinics, or other institutional entities that furnish supplies and...

5 CFR 890.1003 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... a physician, hospital, clinic, or other individual or entity that, directly or indirectly, furnishes... Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL... and equipment; and hospitals, clinics, or other institutional entities that furnish supplies and...

Molten salt flux synthesis and crystal structure of a new open-framework uranyl phosphate Cs{sub 3}(UO{sub 2}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4})O{sub 2}: Spectroscopic characterization and cationic mobility studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yagoubi, S., E-mail: said.yagoubi@cea.fr; Renard, C.; Abraham, F.

2013-04-15

The reaction of triuranyl diphosphate tetrahydrate precursor (UO{sub 2}){sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4} with a CsI flux at 750 °C yields a yellow single crystals of new compound Cs{sub 3}(UO{sub 2}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4})O{sub 2}. The crystal structure (monoclinic, space group C2/c, a=13.6261 (13) Å, b=8.1081(8) Å, c=12.3983(12) Å, β=114.61(12)°, V=1245.41(20) Å{sup 3} with Z=4) has been solved using direct methods and Fourier difference techniques. A full-matrix least-squares refinement on the basis of F{sup 2} yielded R1=0.028 and wR2=0.071 for 79 parameters and 1352 independent reflections with I≥2σ(I) collected on a BRUKER AXS diffractometer with MoKα radiation and a charge-coupledmore » device detector. The crystal structure is built by two independent uranium atoms in square bipyramidal coordination, connected by two opposite corners to form infinite chains {sup 1}{sub ∞}[UO{sub 5}] and by one phosphorus atom in a tetrahedral environment PO{sub 4}. The two last entities {sup 1}{sub ∞}[UO{sub 5}] and PO{sub 4} are linked by sharing corners to form a three-dimensional structure presenting different types of channels occupied by Cs{sup +} alkaline cations. Their mobility within the tunnels were studied between 280 and 800 °C and compared with other tunneled uranyl minerals. The infrared spectrum shows a good agreement with the values inferred from the single crystal structure analysis of uranyl phosphate compound. - Graphical abstract: Arrhenius plot of the electrical conductivity of tunneled compounds Cs{sub 3}U{sub 2}PO{sub 10} and CsU{sub 2}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 11.5}. Highlights: ► The reaction of (UO{sub 2}){sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4} in excess of molten CsI leads to single-crystals of new tunneled compound Cs{sub 3}(UO{sub 2}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4})O{sub 2}. ► Ionic conductivity measurements and crystal structure analysis indicate a strong connection of the Cs{sup +} cations to the tunnels. ► A low symmetry in Cs{sub 3}(UO{sub 2}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4})O{sub 2} is the cause of IR activation and splitting of the bands in the IR spectrum.« less

Level of Awareness and Knowledge of Breast Cancer in Nigeria. A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Olayide, Agodirin S; Halimat, Akande J; Samuel, Olatoke A; Ganiyu, Rahman A; Soliu, Oguntola A

2017-03-01

Despite reports of improved awareness of breast cancer entity and seemingly upbeat levels of other awareness subthemes in Nigeria, patients continue to present late when treatment is least rewarding. This paradoxical trend of both rising awareness and late presentation coupled with reports suggesting other competing drivers of late presentation question the "theory of poor awareness" as the foremost driver of late presentations. By aggregating available data, we aimed to assess what still constitutes poor breast cancer awareness in Nigeria in order to suggest how to allocate resources to reverse the paradox. Studies conducted on Nigerian populace from 2000 to date were reviewed systematically. Search was made in PROSPERO, PubMed/MEDLINE, AJOL, Cochrane library, GOOGLE, ResearchGate and ACADEMIA. Primary outcome was level of awareness about breast cancer entity. Fifty-one eligible (48 descriptive surveys, 3 interventional ones) studies were reviewed. They included 19,598 respondents (98.5% females; 43% rural dwellers). 17,086(87.2%) were laypersons in various walks of life; 2,512(12.8%) were healthcare professionals. There were high levels of awareness of breast cancer entity, BSE, knowledge of fatality and benefit of early detection (weighted percentages 80.6%, 60.1%, 73.2% and 73.9% respectively). Weighted percentages of knowledge of symptoms/signs was 45.1%. Weighted percentages of sense of susceptibility and performance of BSE were low-26.8% and 22.9% respectively. Generally, rate of performance of screening did not vary with changes in the level of awareness/knowledge of concepts. In general, low awareness of breast cancer may not be the direct and foremost driver of persistent late presentation in Nigeria.

Classifying Web Pages by Using Knowledge Bases for Entity Retrieval

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiritani, Yusuke; Ma, Qiang; Yoshikawa, Masatoshi

In this paper, we propose a novel method to classify Web pages by using knowledge bases for entity search, which is a kind of typical Web search for information related to a person, location or organization. First, we map a Web page to entities according to the similarities between the page and the entities. Various methods for computing such similarity are applied. For example, we can compute the similarity between a given page and a Wikipedia article describing a certain entity. The frequency of an entity appearing in the page is another factor used in computing the similarity. Second, we construct a directed acyclic graph, named PEC graph, based on the relations among Web pages, entities, and categories, by referring to YAGO, a knowledge base built on Wikipedia and WordNet. Finally, by analyzing the PEC graph, we classify Web pages into categories. The results of some preliminary experiments validate the methods proposed in this paper.

Stress controlled pulsed direct current co-sputtered Al{sub 1−x}Sc{sub x}N as piezoelectric phase for micromechanical sensor applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fichtner, Simon, E-mail: sif@tf.uni-kiel.de; Reimer, Tim; Chemnitz, Steffen

2015-11-01

Scandium alloyed aluminum nitride (Al{sub 1−x}Sc{sub x}N) thin films were fabricated by reactive pulsed direct current co-sputtering of separate scandium and aluminum targets with x ≤ 0.37. A significant improvement of the clamped transversal piezoelectric response to strain e{sub 31,f} from −1.28 C/m{sup 2} to −3.01 C/m{sup 2} was recorded, while dielectric constant and loss angle remain low. Further, the built-in stress level of Al{sub 1−x}Sc{sub x}N was found to be tuneable by varying pressure, Ar/N{sub 2} ratio, and Sc content. The thus resulting enhancement of the expectable signal to noise ratio by a factor of 2.1 and the abilitymore » to control built-in stress make the integration of Al{sub 1−x}Sc{sub x}N as the piezoelectric phase of micro-electro-mechanical system sensor applications highly attractive.« less

Special Appropriation Act Projects

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is sometimes directed to provide funding to a specific entity for study, purpose, or activity.This information will be of interest to a community or other entity that has been identified in one of EPA's appropriations acts to receive such funding.

Are Biological Entities Isolated from the Lower Stratosphere (22-27 km) Outgoing from Earth or Incoming from Space?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wainwright, Milton; Rose, Christopher E.; Baker, Alexander J.; Wickramasinghe, N. Chandra

Biological entities were isolated, at a height of between 22-27 km in the stratosphere. Sampling of this region was carried out in the UK in July 2013 using a relatively simple low-cost balloon-borne sampler carrying aseptically clean scanning electron microscope stubs onto which aerosols were directly captured. The entities varied from a presumptive colony of ultra small bacteria to two unusual individual organisms and part of a diatom frustule. Biological entities of this nature have not previously been reported occurring in the stratosphere; their likely origin is discussed and we provide arguments to support our view that such biological entities may have arrived from space.

31 CFR 535.214 - Direction involving other financial assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction... Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United... institution and is on January 19, 1981, in possession or control of funds or securities of Iran or its...

31 CFR 535.214 - Direction involving other financial assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction... Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United... institution and is on January 19, 1981, in possession or control of funds or securities of Iran or its...

31 CFR 535.214 - Direction involving other financial assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction... Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United... institution and is on January 19, 1981, in possession or control of funds or securities of Iran or its...

31 CFR 535.214 - Direction involving other financial assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction... Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United... institution and is on January 19, 1981, in possession or control of funds or securities of Iran or its...

31 CFR 535.214 - Direction involving other financial assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... assets in which Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction... Iran or an Iranian entity has an interest held by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United... institution and is on January 19, 1981, in possession or control of funds or securities of Iran or its...

Photooxidation of carbofuran by a polychromatic UV irradiation without and with hydrogen peroxide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Benitez, F.J.; Beltran-Heredia, J.; Gonzalez, T.

The photodegradation of carbofuran aqueous solutions has been conducted with direct photolysis provided by a polychromatic UV radiation source and by the combination of this UV radiation with hydrogen peroxide. In both processes, the decomposition level obtained as a function of the operating variables is reported, and the presence of tert-butyl alcohol, a scavenger of free radicals, is discussed. While the contribution of hydroxyl radicals is negligible in the direct photolysis, its reactions in the UV/H{sub 2}O{sub 2} system clearly increase the carbofuran decomposition and therefore must be taken into account in the reaction rate equation for the total degradation.more » From the mechanisms proposed, the quantum yields for the direct photolysis and the kinetic constants for the reaction between carbofuran and the hydroxyl radicals generated in the H{sub 2}O{sub 2} photolysis in the combined process are respectively evaluated.« less

Automotive Stirling Engine Development Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The third quarter (April-June, 1978) effort of the Ford/DOE Automotive Stirling Engine Development Program is reported, specifically Task 1 of that effort, which is Fuel Economy Assessment. At the end of this quarter the total fourth generation fuel economy projection was 26.12 MPG (gasoline) with a confidence level of 44%. This represents an improvement of 66.4% over the baseline M-H fuel economy of 15.7 MPG. The confidence level for the original 20.6 MPG goal has been increased from 53% to 57%. Engine 3X17 has accumulated a total of 213 hours of variable speed running. A summary of the individual sub-tasks of Task 1 are given. The sub-tasks are grouped into two categories: Category 1 consists of those sub-tasks which are directly related to fuel economy and Category 2 consists of those sub-tasks which are not directly related to fuel economy but are an integral part of the Task 1 effort.

Motivation and Organizational Principles for Anatomical Knowledge Representation

PubMed Central

Rosse, Cornelius; Mejino, José L.; Modayur, Bharath R.; Jakobovits, Rex; Hinshaw, Kevin P.; Brinkley, James F.

1998-01-01

Abstract Objective: Conceptualization of the physical objects and spaces that constitute the human body at the macroscopic level of organization, specified as a machine-parseable ontology that, in its human-readable form, is comprehensible to both expert and novice users of anatomical information. Design: Conceived as an anatomical enhancement of the UMLS Semantic Network and Metathesaurus, the anatomical ontology was formulated by specifying defining attributes and differentia for classes and subclasses of physical anatomical entities based on their partitive and spatial relationships. The validity of the classification was assessed by instantiating the ontology for the thorax. Several transitive relationships were used for symbolically modeling aspects of the physical organization of the thorax. Results: By declaring Organ as the macroscopic organizational unit of the body, and defining the entities that constitute organs and higher level entities constituted by organs, all anatomical entities could be assigned to one of three top level classes (Anatomical structure, Anatomical spatial entity and Body substance). The ontology accommodates both the systemic and regional (topographical) views of anatomy, as well as diverse clinical naming conventions of anatomical entities. Conclusions: The ontology formulated for the thorax is extendible to microscopic and cellular levels, as well as to other body parts, in that its classes subsume essentially all anatomical entities that constitute the body. Explicit definitions of these entities and their relationships provide the first requirement for standards in anatomical concept representation. Conceived from an anatomical viewpoint, the ontology can be generalized and mapped to other biomedical domains and problem solving tasks that require anatomical knowledge. PMID:9452983

New ruthenium carboxylate complexes having a 1-5-. eta. sup 5 -cyclooctadienyl ligand

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Osakada, Kohtaro; Grohmann, A.; Yamamoto, Akio

1990-07-01

Reaction of 3-butenoic acid with Ru(cod)(cot) (cod) = 1-2-{eta}{sup 2}:5-6-{eta}{sup 2}-cyclooctadiene; cot = 1-6-{eta}{sup 6}-cyclooctatriene in the presence of PMe{sub 3} gives a new ruthenium(II) complex formulated as Ru(1-5-{eta}{sup 5}-C{sub 8}H{sub 11}){eta}{sup 1}(O),{eta}{sup 2}(C,C{prime}-OCOCH{sub 2}CH{double bond}CH{sub 2})(PMe{sub 3}) (1). X-ray crystallography revealed its structure as having a piano-stool coordination around the ruthenium center. Crystals of 1 are tetragonal, space group P4{sub 3}2{sub 1}2, with a = 12.559 (3) {angstrom}, c = 20.455 (4) {angstrom}, and Z = 8. {sup 1}H and {sup 13}C({sup 1}H) NMR spectra of 1 agree well for the structure with the allyl entity of the carboxylatemore » {pi}-bonded through the C{double bond}C double bond to ruthenium.« less

19 CFR 10.849 - Importer obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... requested, CBP may arrange for the direct submission by the exporter, producer, or entity controlling production of business confidential or other sensitive information, including cost and sourcing information. (b) Information provided by exporter, producer, or entity controlling production. The fact that the...

MMKG: An approach to generate metallic materials knowledge graph based on DBpedia and Wikipedia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiaoming; Liu, Xin; Li, Xin; Pan, Dongyu

2017-02-01

The research and development of metallic materials are playing an important role in today's society, and in the meanwhile lots of metallic materials knowledge is generated and available on the Web (e.g., Wikipedia) for materials experts. However, due to the diversity and complexity of metallic materials knowledge, the knowledge utilization may encounter much inconvenience. The idea of knowledge graph (e.g., DBpedia) provides a good way to organize the knowledge into a comprehensive entity network. Therefore, the motivation of our work is to generate a metallic materials knowledge graph (MMKG) using available knowledge on the Web. In this paper, an approach is proposed to build MMKG based on DBpedia and Wikipedia. First, we use an algorithm based on directly linked sub-graph semantic distance (DLSSD) to preliminarily extract metallic materials entities from DBpedia according to some predefined seed entities; then based on the results of the preliminary extraction, we use an algorithm, which considers both semantic distance and string similarity (SDSS), to achieve the further extraction. Second, due to the absence of materials properties in DBpedia, we use an ontology-based method to extract properties knowledge from the HTML tables of corresponding Wikipedia Web pages for enriching MMKG. Materials ontology is used to locate materials properties tables as well as to identify the structure of the tables. The proposed approach is evaluated by precision, recall, F1 and time performance, and meanwhile the appropriate thresholds for the algorithms in our approach are determined through experiments. The experimental results show that our approach returns expected performance. A tool prototype is also designed to facilitate the process of building the MMKG as well as to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

Cross-Validation of the YMCA Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Test to Predict V[o.sub.2] Max

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beekley, Matthew D.; Brechue, William F.; deHoyos, Diego V.; Garzarella, Linda; Werber-Zion, Galila; Pollock, Michael L.

2004-01-01

Maximal oxygen uptake (V[O.sub.2]max) is an important indicator of health-risk status, specifically for coronary heart disease (Blair et al., 1989). Direct measurement of V[O.sub.2]max is considered to be the most accurate means of determining cardiovascular fitness level. Typically, this measurement is taken using a progressive exercise test on a…

77 FR 41110 - Exemptive Order Regarding Compliance With Certain Swap Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-12

... delay compliance with certain entity-level requirements of the CEA (and Commission regulations promulgated thereunder), subject to specified conditions. Additionally, with respect to transaction-level.... major swap participants may delay compliance with certain entity-level requirements of the CEA (and...

Electronic structure evolution of fullerene on CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Chenggong; Wang, Congcong; Kauppi, John

2015-03-16

The thickness dependence of fullerene on CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} perovskite film surface has been investigated by using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES). The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) can be observed directly with IPES and UPS. It is observed that the HOMO level in fullerene shifts to lower binding energy. The XPS results show a strong initial shift of core levels to lower binding energy in the perovskite, which indicates that electrons transfer from the perovskite film to fullerene molecules. Further deposition of fullerene forms C{submore » 60} solid, accompanied by the reduction of the electron transfer. The strongest electron transfer happened at 1/4 monolayer of fullerene.« less

24 CFR 30.68 - Section 8 owners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... an identity of interest and identity of interest agent. An entity: (1) That has management..., decisions, duties, employment, or personnel of the management agent. Entity. An individual corporation... thereof; or any other organization or group of people. Ownership interest. Any direct or indirect interest...

24 CFR 30.68 - Section 8 owners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... an identity of interest and identity of interest agent. An entity: (1) That has management..., decisions, duties, employment, or personnel of the management agent. Entity. An individual corporation... thereof; or any other organization or group of people. Ownership interest. Any direct or indirect interest...

24 CFR 30.68 - Section 8 owners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... an identity of interest and identity of interest agent. An entity: (1) That has management..., decisions, duties, employment, or personnel of the management agent. Entity. An individual corporation... thereof; or any other organization or group of people. Ownership interest. Any direct or indirect interest...

24 CFR 30.68 - Section 8 owners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... an identity of interest and identity of interest agent. An entity: (1) That has management..., decisions, duties, employment, or personnel of the management agent. Entity. An individual corporation... thereof; or any other organization or group of people. Ownership interest. Any direct or indirect interest...

Leveraging Pattern Semantics for Extracting Entities in Enterprises

PubMed Central

Tao, Fangbo; Zhao, Bo; Fuxman, Ariel; Li, Yang; Han, Jiawei

2015-01-01

Entity Extraction is a process of identifying meaningful entities from text documents. In enterprises, extracting entities improves enterprise efficiency by facilitating numerous applications, including search, recommendation, etc. However, the problem is particularly challenging on enterprise domains due to several reasons. First, the lack of redundancy of enterprise entities makes previous web-based systems like NELL and OpenIE not effective, since using only high-precision/low-recall patterns like those systems would miss the majority of sparse enterprise entities, while using more low-precision patterns in sparse setting also introduces noise drastically. Second, semantic drift is common in enterprises (“Blue” refers to “Windows Blue”), such that public signals from the web cannot be directly applied on entities. Moreover, many internal entities never appear on the web. Sparse internal signals are the only source for discovering them. To address these challenges, we propose an end-to-end framework for extracting entities in enterprises, taking the input of enterprise corpus and limited seeds to generate a high-quality entity collection as output. We introduce the novel concept of Semantic Pattern Graph to leverage public signals to understand the underlying semantics of lexical patterns, reinforce pattern evaluation using mined semantics, and yield more accurate and complete entities. Experiments on Microsoft enterprise data show the effectiveness of our approach. PMID:26705540

Leveraging Pattern Semantics for Extracting Entities in Enterprises.

PubMed

Tao, Fangbo; Zhao, Bo; Fuxman, Ariel; Li, Yang; Han, Jiawei

2015-05-01

Entity Extraction is a process of identifying meaningful entities from text documents. In enterprises, extracting entities improves enterprise efficiency by facilitating numerous applications, including search, recommendation, etc. However, the problem is particularly challenging on enterprise domains due to several reasons. First, the lack of redundancy of enterprise entities makes previous web-based systems like NELL and OpenIE not effective, since using only high-precision/low-recall patterns like those systems would miss the majority of sparse enterprise entities, while using more low-precision patterns in sparse setting also introduces noise drastically. Second, semantic drift is common in enterprises ("Blue" refers to "Windows Blue"), such that public signals from the web cannot be directly applied on entities. Moreover, many internal entities never appear on the web. Sparse internal signals are the only source for discovering them. To address these challenges, we propose an end-to-end framework for extracting entities in enterprises, taking the input of enterprise corpus and limited seeds to generate a high-quality entity collection as output. We introduce the novel concept of Semantic Pattern Graph to leverage public signals to understand the underlying semantics of lexical patterns, reinforce pattern evaluation using mined semantics, and yield more accurate and complete entities. Experiments on Microsoft enterprise data show the effectiveness of our approach.

Apparatus and method for closed-loop control of reactor power in minimum time

DOEpatents

Bernard, Jr., John A.

1988-11-01

Closed-loop control law for altering the power level of nuclear reactors in a safe manner and without overshoot and in minimum time. Apparatus is provided for moving a fast-acting control element such as a control rod or a control drum for altering the nuclear reactor power level. A computer computes at short time intervals either the function: .rho.=(.beta.-.rho.).omega.-.lambda..sub.e '.rho.-.SIGMA..beta..sub.i (.lambda..sub.i -.lambda..sub.e ')+l* .omega.+l* [.omega..sup.2 +.lambda..sub.e '.omega.] or the function: .rho.=(.beta.-.rho.).omega.-.lambda..sub.e .rho.-(.lambda..sub.e /.lambda..sub.e)(.beta.-.rho.)+l* .omega.+l* [.omega..sup.2 +.lambda..sub.e .omega.-(.lambda..sub.e /.lambda..sub.e).omega.] These functions each specify the rate of change of reactivity that is necessary to achieve a specified rate of change of reactor power. The direction and speed of motion of the control element is altered so as to provide the rate of reactivity change calculated using either or both of these functions thereby resulting in the attainment of a new power level without overshoot and in minimum time. These functions are computed at intervals of approximately 0.01-1.0 seconds depending on the specific application.

Chemical dynamics simulations of the monohydrated OH{sup −}(H{sub 2}O) + CH{sub 3}I reaction. Atomic-level mechanisms and comparison with experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Jing; Hase, William L., E-mail: bill.hase@ttu.edu; Otto, Rico

2015-06-28

Direct dynamics simulations, with B97-1/ECP/d theory, were performed to study the role of microsolvation for the OH{sup −}(H{sub 2}O) + CH{sub 3}I reaction. The S{sub N}2 reaction dominates at all reactant collision energies, but at higher collision energies proton transfer to form CH{sub 2}I{sup −}, and to a lesser extent CH{sub 2}I{sup −} (H{sub 2}O), becomes important. The S{sub N}2 reaction occurs by direct rebound and stripping mechanisms, and 28 different indirect atomistic mechanisms, with the latter dominating. Important components of the indirect mechanisms are the roundabout and formation of S{sub N}2 and proton transfer pre-reaction complexes and intermediates, includingmore » [CH{sub 3}--I--OH]{sup −}. In contrast, for the unsolvated OH{sup −} + CH{sub 3}I S{sub N}2 reaction, there are only seven indirect atomistic mechanisms and the direct mechanisms dominate. Overall, the simulation results for the OH{sup −}(H{sub 2}O) + CH{sub 3}I S{sub N}2 reaction are in good agreement with experiment with respect to reaction rate constant, product branching ratio, etc. Differences between simulation and experiment are present for the S{sub N}2 velocity scattering angle at high collision energies and the proton transfer probability at low collision energies. Equilibrium solvation by the H{sub 2}O molecule is unimportant. The S{sub N}2 reaction is dominated by events in which H{sub 2}O leaves the reactive system as CH{sub 3}OH is formed or before CH{sub 3}OH formation. Formation of solvated products is unimportant and participation of the (H{sub 2}O)CH{sub 3}OH---I{sup −} post-reaction complex for the S{sub N}2 reaction is negligible.« less

Direct characterization of the energy level alignments and molecular components in an organic hetero-junction by integrated photoemission spectroscopy and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis.

PubMed

Yun, Dong-Jin; Shin, Weon-Ho; Bulliard, Xavier; Park, Jong Hwan; Kim, Seyun; Chung, Jae Gwan; Kim, Yongsu; Heo, Sung; Kim, Seong Heon

2016-08-26

A novel, direct method for the characterization of the energy level alignments at bulk-heterojunction (BHJ)/electrode interfaces on the basis of electronic spectroscopy measurements is proposed. The home-made in situ photoemission system is used to perform x-ray/ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS/UPS), reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy of organic-semiconductors (OSCs) deposited onto a Au substrate. Through this analysis system, we are able to obtain the electronic structures of a boron subphthalocyanine chloride:fullerene (SubPC:C60) BHJ and those of the separate OSC/electrode structures (SubPC/Au and C60/Au). Morphology and chemical composition analyses confirm that the original SubPC and C60 electronic structures remain unchanged in the electrodes prepared. Using this technique, we ascertain that the position and area of the nearest peak to the Fermi energy (EF = 0 eV) in the UPS (REELS) spectra of SubPC:C60 BHJ provide information on the highest occupied molecular orbital level (optical band gap) and combination ratio of the materials, respectively. Thus, extracting the adjusted spectrum from the corresponding SubPC:C60 BHJ UPS (REELS) spectrum reveals its electronic structure, equivalent to that of the C60 materials. This novel analytical approach allows complete energy-level determination for each combination ratio by separating its electronic structure information from the BHJ spectrum.

75 FR 62905 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of a Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-13

... of high yield debt securities, which include senior and subordinated corporate debt obligations (such... banks, corporations and other entities to finance short- term credit needs. These securities generally..., rather than just traditional credit analysis. Through fundamental and valuation analysis, the Sub-Advisor...

16 CFR 801.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... means an ultimate parent entity and all entities which it controls directly or indirectly. Examples: 1... parent corporations, subsidiaries and divisions (whether consolidated or unconsolidated, and whether... controls them is not an “entity” (see § 801.1(a)(2)). Corporations A and B* are the ultimate parent...

16 CFR 801.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... means an ultimate parent entity and all entities which it controls directly or indirectly. Examples: 1... parent corporations, subsidiaries and divisions (whether consolidated or unconsolidated, and whether... controls them is not an “entity” (see § 801.1(a)(2)). Corporations A and B* are the ultimate parent...

16 CFR 801.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... means an ultimate parent entity and all entities which it controls directly or indirectly. Examples: 1... parent corporations, subsidiaries and divisions (whether consolidated or unconsolidated, and whether... controls them is not an “entity” (see § 801.1(a)(2)). Corporations A and B* are the ultimate parent...

16 CFR 801.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... means an ultimate parent entity and all entities which it controls directly or indirectly. Examples: 1... parent corporations, subsidiaries and divisions (whether consolidated or unconsolidated, and whether... controls them is not an “entity” (see § 801.1(a)(2)). Corporations A and B* are the ultimate parent...

16 CFR 801.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... means an ultimate parent entity and all entities which it controls directly or indirectly. Examples: 1... parent corporations, subsidiaries and divisions (whether consolidated or unconsolidated, and whether... controls them is not an “entity” (see § 801.1(a)(2)). Corporations A and B* are the ultimate parent...

The n-type conduction of indium-doped Cu{sub 2}O thin films fabricated by direct current magnetron co-sputtering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cai, Xing-Min; Su, Xiao-Qiang; Ye, Fan, E-mail: yefan@szu.edu.cn

2015-08-24

Indium-doped Cu{sub 2}O thin films were fabricated on K9 glass substrates by direct current magnetron co-sputtering in an atmosphere of Ar and O{sub 2}. Metallic copper and indium disks were used as the targets. X-ray diffraction showed that the diffraction peaks could only be indexed to simple cubic Cu{sub 2}O, with no other phases detected. Indium atoms exist as In{sup 3+} in Cu{sub 2}O. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed that the transmittance of the samples was relatively high and that indium doping increased the optical band gaps. The Hall effect measurement showed that the samples were n-type semiconductors at room temperature. Themore » Seebeck effect test showed that the films were n-type semiconductors near or over room temperature (<400 K), changing to p-type at relatively high temperatures. The conduction by the samples in the temperature range of the n-type was due to thermal band conduction and the donor energy level was estimated to be 620.2–713.8 meV below the conduction band. The theoretical calculation showed that indium doping can raise the Fermi energy level of Cu{sub 2}O and, therefore, lead to n-type conduction.« less

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) on regulation of thyroid-, growth-, and neurochemically related developmental processes in young rats

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Juarez de Ku, L.M.

1992-01-01

Neonatal exposure to the toxic chemical polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) induces hypothyroidism and retarded growth. Neonatal rats made hypothyroid by chemical or surgical means experience retarded growth and subnormal activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) This study compared thyroid-, growth-, and neurochemically-related processes altered by hypothyroidism induced by other means, with PCB-induced hypothyroidism: (1) titers of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); (2) titers of hormones that regulate growth [growth hormone (GH), insulin-growth like factor-I (IGF-1), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS)]; or (3) brain ChAT activity. Whether PCB-induced growth retardation and other alterations are secondary to accompanying hypothyroidism rather than ormore » in addition to a direct effect of PCB was also examined. Pregnant rats were fed chow containing 0 (controls), 62.5, 125, or 250 ppm PCB (entering offspring through placenta and milk) throughout pregnancy and lactation. Neonates exposed to PCB displayed many alterations similar to those made hypothyroid by other means: depression of overall and skeletal growth, circulating by other means: depression of overall and skeletal growth, circulating T[sub 4] levels and ChAT activity, and no change in hypothalamic GHRH and SS concentrations. Differences included a paradoxical increase in circulating GH levels, and no significant alteration of circulation IGF-1 and TSH levels and pituitary GH and TSH levels (although trends were in the expected direction). Thus, PCB-induced hypothyroidism may partially cause altered skeletal growth, circulating GH and TSH concentrations, and ChAT activity. Both T[sub 4] and T[sub 3] injections returned circulating TSH and GH levels and pituitary TSH content toward control levels; T[sub 3] restored skeletal, but not overall growth; and T[sub 4] elevated ChAT activity.« less

Reverse engineering of the homogeneous-entity product profiles based on CCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gan, Yong; Zhong, Jingru; Sun, Ning; Sun, Aoran

2011-08-01

This measurement system uses delaminated measurement principle, measures the three perpendicular direction values of the entities. When the measured entity is immerged in the liquid layer by layer, every layer's image are collected by CCD and digitally processed. It introduces the basic measuring principle and the working process of the measure method. According to Archimedes law, the related buoyancy and volume that soaked in different layer's depth are measured by electron balance and the mathematics models are established. Through calculating every layer's weight and centre of gravity by computer based on the method of Artificial Intelligence, we can reckon 3D coordinate values of every minute entity cell in different layers and its 3D contour picture is constructed. The experimental results show that for all the homogeneous entity insoluble in water, it can measure them. The measurement velocity is fast and non-destructive test, it can measure the entity with internal hole.

CCMC: Serving research and space weather communities with unique space weather services, innovative tools and resources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Yihua; Kuznetsova, Maria M.; Pulkkinen, Antti; Maddox, Marlo

2015-04-01

With the addition of Space Weather Research Center (a sub-team within CCMC) in 2010 to address NASA’s own space weather needs, CCMC has become a unique entity that not only facilitates research through providing access to the state-of-the-art space science and space weather models, but also plays a critical role in providing unique space weather services to NASA robotic missions, developing innovative tools and transitioning research to operations via user feedback. With scientists, forecasters and software developers working together within one team, through close and direct connection with space weather customers and trusted relationship with model developers, CCMC is flexible, nimble and effective to meet customer needs. In this presentation, we highlight a few unique aspects of CCMC/SWRC’s space weather services, such as addressing space weather throughout the solar system, pushing the frontier of space weather forecasting via the ensemble approach, providing direct personnel and tool support for spacecraft anomaly resolution, prompting development of multi-purpose tools and knowledge bases, and educating and engaging the next generation of space weather scientists.

THE STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTION OF ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXIES: EVIDENCE FOR IMF VARIATIONS WITH GALACTIC ENVIRONMENT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geha, Marla; Brown, Thomas M.; Tumlinson, Jason

2013-07-01

We present constraints on the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in two ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies, Hercules and Leo IV, based on deep Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging. The Hercules and Leo IV galaxies are extremely low luminosity (M{sub V} = -6.2, -5.5), metal-poor (([Fe/H]) = -2.4, -2.5) systems that have old stellar populations (>11 Gyr). Because they have long relaxation times, we can directly measure the low-mass stellar IMF by counting stars below the main-sequence turnoff without correcting for dynamical evolution. Over the stellar mass range probed by our data, 0.52-0.77 M{sub Sun }, the IMFmore » is best fit by a power-law slope of {alpha}= 1.2{sub -0.5}{sup +0.4} for Hercules and {alpha} = 1.3 {+-} 0.8 for Leo IV. For Hercules, the IMF slope is more shallow than a Salpeter ({alpha} = 2.35) IMF at the 5.8{sigma} level, and a Kroupa ({alpha} = 2.3 above 0.5 M{sub Sun }) IMF slope at 5.4{sigma} level. We simultaneously fit for the binary fraction, f{sub binary}, finding f{sub binary}= 0.47{sup +0.16}{sub -0.14} for Hercules, and 0.47{sup +0.37}{sub -0.17} for Leo IV. The UFD binary fractions are consistent with that inferred for Milky Way stars in the same mass range, despite very different metallicities. In contrast, the IMF slopes in the UFDs are shallower than other galactic environments. In the mass range 0.5-0.8 M{sub Sun }, we see a trend across the handful of galaxies with directly measured IMFs such that the power-law slopes become shallower (more bottom-light) with decreasing galactic velocity dispersion and metallicity. This trend is qualitatively consistent with results in elliptical galaxies inferred via indirect methods and is direct evidence for IMF variations with galactic environment.« less

Cognitive symptoms facilitatory for diagnoses in neuropsychiatric disorders: executive functions and locus of control.

PubMed

Archer, Trevor; Kostrzewa, Richard M; Beninger, Richard J; Palomo, Tomas

2008-10-01

Cognitive symptoms, considered in conjunction both with their regional brain and biomarkers as well as affective, attributional and neurodevelopmental components, demonstrate ever-increasing complexity to facilitate conceptualization yet, unavoidably, bedevil diagnosis in neuropsychiatry even before considerations of the enigmatic processes in memory, such as executive function and working memory, are drawn into the myriads of equations that await remedial interpretations. Prefrontal and limbic regions of the brain are involved in a diversity of expressions of cognition, normal or dysfunctional, at synaptic, intracellular and molecular levels that mobilize a concatenation of signaling entities. Serotoninergic neurotransission at prefrontal regions directs cognitive-affective entities that mediate decision-making and goal-directed behaviour. Clinical, non-clinical and basic studies challenge attempts to consolidate the multitude of evidence in order to obtain therapeutic notions to alleviate the disordered status of the diagnosed and yet-to-be diagnosed individuals. Locus of control, a concept of some utility in health-seeking procedures, is examined in three self-report studies from the perspective of a cognitive-emotional situation through observations of ordinary, 'healthy' young and middle-aged individuals, to assess the predictors of internal and external locus of control. A notion based on high level executive functioning in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in individuals characterised by internal locus of control is contrasted with a hypofunctional executive DLPFC, characterising individuals that express an external locus of control, is discussed.

Microanalysis of an oxidized cobalt oxide: Zirconia eutectic

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bentley, J.; McKernan, S.; Carter, C.B.

The compositions of CoO, Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}, and Ca-stabilized cubic ZrO{sub 2} in an oxidized directionally solidified CoO-ZrO{sub 2} eutectic were determined by PEELS and EDS. An oxygen gradient exists across the Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} with highest levels near the ZrO{sub 2} interface. Oxygen ELNES for CoO and Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} are quite different; published oxygen ELNES have been incorrectly attributed to CoO. Normalized Co-L{sub 23} white line intensity (WLI) ratios for CoO and Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} are similar (0.53 {plus_minus} 0.02) but L{sub 3}/L{sub 2} WLI ratios are 3.88 and 2.58, respectively. ELCE data suggest Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} hasmore » the inverse spinel structure.« less

Contrast-induced encephalopathy following cardiac catheterization.

PubMed

Spina, Roberto; Simon, Neil; Markus, Romesh; Muller, David Wm; Kathir, Krishna

2017-08-01

To describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) following cardiac catheterization. CIE is an acute, reversible neurological disturbance directly attributable to the intra-arterial administration of iodinated contrast medium. The PubMed database was searched and all cases in the literature were retrieved and reviewed. 52 reports of CIE following cardiac catheterization were found. Encephalopathy, motor and sensory disturbances, vision disturbance, opthalmoplegia, aphasia, and seizures have been reported. Transient cortical blindness is the most commonly reported neurological syndrome, occurring in approximately 50% of cases. The putative mechanism involves disruption of the blood brain barrier and direct neuronal injury. Contrast-induced transient vasoconstriction has also been implicated. Symptoms typically appear within minutes to hours of contrast administration and resolve entirely within 24-48 hr. Risk factors may include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal impairment, the administration of large volumes of iodinated contrast, percutaneous coronary intervention or selective angiography of internal mammary grafts, and previous adverse reaction to iodinated contrast. Characteristic findings on cerebral imaging include cortical and sub-cortical contrast enhancement on computed tomography (CT). Imaging findings in CIE may mimic subarachnoid hemorrhage or cerebral ischemia; the Hounsfield scale on CT and the apparent diffusion coefficient on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful imaging tools in distinguishing these entities. In some cases, brain imaging is normal. Prognosis is excellent with supportive management alone. CIE tends to recur, although re-challenge with iodinated contrast without adverse effects has been documented. CIE is an important clinical entity to consider in the differential diagnosis of stroke following cardiac catheterization. Given that prognosis is excellent with supportive management only, physicians should be aware of it, and consider it prior to initiating thrombolysis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Quantum oscillations in strong magnetic fields, berry phase, and superconductivity in three-dimensional topological Bi{sub 2–x}Cu{sub x}Se{sub 3} insulators

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vedeneev, S. I., E-mail: vedeneev@sci.lebedev.ru; Knyazev, D. A.; Prudkoglyad, V. A.

2015-07-15

Two-dimensional (2D) Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations and 2D Hall oscillations are observed in 3D copper-doped Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} single crystals in magnetic fields up to 19.5 T at temperatures down to 0.3 K. Three samples with a high bulk carrier concentration (n ≈ 10{sup 19}–10{sup 20} cm{sup –3}) are studied. The rotation of the samples in a magnetic field shows that these oscillations are related to numerous parallel 2D conducting channels 1–5 nm thick. Their basic kinetic parameters are found. Quantized Hall resistance R{sub xy} is detected in 1-nm-thick 2D conducting channels at high fields. The distance Δ(1/R{sub xy}) between themore » steps in the field dependence of 1/R{sub xy} is found to be constant for different Landau levels, 1.3e{sup 2}/h per 1-nm-thick layer. The constructed fan diagrams of 2D Landau levels for various angles of sample inclination with respect to the magnetic field direction allowed us to conclude that the Berry phase in the 2D conducting channels is γ ≈ π and independent of the magnetic field direction. When studying the angular dependence of upper resistive critical magnetic field H{sub c2} in one of the superconducting samples, we showed that it can be considered as a bulk superconductor consisting of superconducting layers with an effective thickness of about 50 nm.« less

Multiple-level stakeholder engagement in malaria clinical trials: addressing the challenges of conducting clinical research in resource-limited settings.

PubMed

Mtove, George; Kimani, Joshua; Kisinza, William; Makenga, Geofrey; Mangesho, Peter; Duparc, Stephan; Nakalembe, Miriam; Phiri, Kamija S; Orrico, Russell; Rojo, Ricardo; Vandenbroucke, Pol

2018-03-22

Multinational clinical trials are logistically complex and require close coordination between various stakeholders. They must comply with global clinical standards and are accountable to multiple regulatory and ethical bodies. In resource-limited settings, it is challenging to understand how to apply global clinical standards to international, national, and local factors in clinical trials, making multiple-level stakeholder engagement an important element in the successful conduct of these clinical trials. During the planning and implementation of a large multinational clinical trial for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in resource-limited areas of sub-Saharan Africa, we encountered numerous challenges, which required implementation of a range of engagement measures to ensure compliance with global clinical and regulatory standards. These challenges included coordination with ongoing global malaria efforts, heterogeneity in national regulatory structures, sub-optimal healthcare infrastructure, local practices and beliefs, and perspectives that view healthcare providers with undue trust or suspicion. In addition to engagement with international bodies, such as the World Health Organization, the Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium, the Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, in order to address the challenges just described, Pfizer Inc. and Medicines for Malaria Venture (the "Sponsoring Entities" for these studies) and investigators liaised with national- and district-level stakeholders such as health ministers and regional/local community health workers. Community engagement measures undertaken by investigators included local meetings with community leaders to explain the research aims and answer questions and concerns voiced by the community. The investigators also engaged with family members of prospective trial participants in order to be sensitive to local practices and beliefs. Engagement with key stakeholders at international and national levels enabled the Sponsoring Entities to address challenges by aligning the study design with the requirements of health and regulatory agencies and to understand and address healthcare infrastructure needs prior to trial initiation. Local stakeholder engagement, including community members, study participants, and family enabled the investigators to address challenges by ensuring that study design and conduct were adapted to local considerations and ensuring accurate information about the study aims was shared with the public. ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT01103063 . Registered on 7 April 2010.

22 CFR 208.215 - Which nonprocurement transactions are not covered transactions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transactions: (a) A direct award to— (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization; (3) An entity owned (in whole or in part) or controlled by a foreign government; or... covered transactions? 208.215 Section 208.215 Foreign Relations AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT...

10 CFR 900.5 - Request for coordination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., including: (i) The voltage and type of current (alternating or direct); (ii) The length of the transmission... contact information at all permitting entities and all non-Federal entities. (c) The written request for coordination may be filed by mail or hand delivery with the Director at 1000 Independence Avenue, SW...

42 CFR 422.350 - Basis, scope, and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... made that are acceptable to CMS. They include expenditures for health care services for which the... the costs were incurred. Engaged in the delivery of health care services means— (1) For an individual, that the individual directly furnishes health care services, or (2) For an entity, that the entity is...

42 CFR 422.350 - Basis, scope, and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... made that are acceptable to CMS. They include expenditures for health care services for which the... the costs were incurred. Engaged in the delivery of health care services means— (1) For an individual, that the individual directly furnishes health care services, or (2) For an entity, that the entity is...

42 CFR 422.350 - Basis, scope, and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... made that are acceptable to CMS. They include expenditures for health care services for which the... the costs were incurred. Engaged in the delivery of health care services means— (1) For an individual, that the individual directly furnishes health care services, or (2) For an entity, that the entity is...

77 FR 2497 - Great Lakes Steamship Repower Incentive Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-18

... allow the use of residual fuel in the replacement diesel engines that exceeds the global and ECA sulfur... changes, see the direct final rule EPA has published in the ``Rules and Regulations'' section of today's... substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small...

77 FR 12205 - Mevinphos; Order Revoking Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-29

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47 CFR 1.2112 - Ownership disclosure requirements for applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... applications. (a) Each application to participate in competitive bidding (i.e., short-form application (see 47..., including a complete disclosure of the identity and relationship of those persons or entities directly or...'s principal business and a description of each such entity's relationship to the applicant (e.g...

21 CFR 203.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... direction and under the supervision of such a practitioner; or (iii) The pharmacy of a hospital or of... entities or from a health care entity to a retail pharmacy to alleviate a temporary shortage of a... transfers of prescription drugs by a retail pharmacy to another retail pharmacy to alleviate a temporary...

21 CFR 203.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... direction and under the supervision of such a practitioner; or (iii) The pharmacy of a hospital or of... entities or from a health care entity to a retail pharmacy to alleviate a temporary shortage of a... transfers of prescription drugs by a retail pharmacy to another retail pharmacy to alleviate a temporary...

28 CFR 35.163 - Information and signage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Information and signage. 35.163 Section... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES Communications § 35.163 Information and signage. (a) A public entity... entity shall provide signage at all inaccessible entrances to each of its facilities, directing users to...

28 CFR 35.163 - Information and signage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Information and signage. 35.163 Section... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES Communications § 35.163 Information and signage. (a) A public entity... entity shall provide signage at all inaccessible entrances to each of its facilities, directing users to...

28 CFR 35.163 - Information and signage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Information and signage. 35.163 Section... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES Communications § 35.163 Information and signage. (a) A public entity... entity shall provide signage at all inaccessible entrances to each of its facilities, directing users to...

28 CFR 35.163 - Information and signage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Information and signage. 35.163 Section... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES Communications § 35.163 Information and signage. (a) A public entity... entity shall provide signage at all inaccessible entrances to each of its facilities, directing users to...

28 CFR 35.163 - Information and signage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Information and signage. 35.163 Section... STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES Communications § 35.163 Information and signage. (a) A public entity... entity shall provide signage at all inaccessible entrances to each of its facilities, directing users to...

45 CFR 83.14 - Development and dissemination of nondiscrimination policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... federally supported entity shall develop a written policy statement of nondiscrimination on the basis of sex... who work directly with students and applicants for admission. (c) A federally supported entity shall... illustration, that such recipient treats applicants, students, or employees differently on the basis of sex...

Structure determination of {alpha}-La{sub 6}W{sub 2}O{sub 15}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chambrier, M-H., E-mail: marie-helene.chambier.etu@univ-lemans.f; Ibberson, R.M.; Goutenoire, F., E-mail: francois.goutenoire@univ-lemans.f

2010-06-15

The structure of the high temperature alpha form of La{sub 6}W{sub 2}O{sub 15} has been determined ab-initio from high temperature laboratory X-ray and neutron time-of-flight data. This tungstate crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group (No. 20) C222{sub 1}, with Z=2, a=12.6250(2) A, b=9.1875(1) A, c=5.9688(1) A. The structure comprises [O{sub 2}La{sub 3}] infinite ribbons and is better described by the structural formula [O{sub 2}La{sub 3}]{sub 2}[WO{sub 5.5}]{sub 2}. Using this description we can understand the strong structural similarity of the present compound with compounds of the general composition BiM{sub 2}AO{sub 6} (M=Cu, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ca, Pb; A=P,more » As, V) described as [O{sub 2}M{sub 2}Bi][AO{sub 4}]. The [WO{sub 5.5}] entity implies oxygen disorder in the material. - Graphical abstract: Projection of the polyhedra around the tungsten atom. Atoms labelled in grey are occupied at 50%. Short oxygen-oxygen distances are marked. The polyhedra represents WO{sub 5.5} that is related to the structural unit W{sub 2}O{sub 11} unit. Alpha-La{sub 6}W{sub 2}O{sub 15} could be described as [O{sub 2}La{sub 3}]{sub 2}[WO{sub 5.5}]{sub 2}.« less

Perceived Animacy Influences the Processing of Human-Like Surface Features in the Fusiform Gyrus

PubMed Central

Shultz, Sarah; McCarthya, Gregory

2014-01-01

While decades of research have demonstrated that a region of the right fusiform gyrus (FG) responds selectively to faces, a second line of research suggests that the FG responds to a range of animacy cues, including biological motion and goal-directed actions, even in the absence of faces or other human-like surface features. These findings raise the question of whether the FG is indeed sensitive to faces or to the more abstract category of animate agents. The current study uses fMRI to examine whether the FG responds to all faces in a category-specific way or whether the FG is especially sensitive to the faces of animate agents. Animate agents are defined here as intentional agents with the capacity for rational goal-directed actions. Specifically, we examine how the FG responds to an entity that looks like an animate agent but that lacks the capacity for goal-directed, rational action. Region-of-interest analyses reveal that the FG activates more strongly to the animate compared with the inanimate entity, even though the surface features of both animate and inanimate entities were identical. These results suggest that the FG does not respond to all faces in a category-specific way, and is instead especially sensitive to whether an entity is animate. PMID:24905285

Enhanced inverse spin Hall contribution at high microwave power levels in La{sub 0.67}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3}/SrRuO{sub 3} epitaxial bilayers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haidar, S. M., E-mail: haidar@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; Lustikova, J.; Shiomi, Y.

2015-10-12

We have investigated microwave power dependence of dc voltage generated upon ferromagnetic resonance in a La{sub 0.67}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3}/SrRuO{sub 3} epitaxial bilayer film at room temperature. With increasing microwave power above ∼75 mW, the magnitude of the voltage signal decreases as the sample temperature approaches the Curie temperature of La{sub 0.67}Sr{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} due to heating effects. By analyzing the dependence of the voltage signal on the direction of the magnetic field, we show that with increasing microwave power the contribution from the inverse spin Hall effect becomes more dominant than that from the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect.

Influence of chemical bonds on the lifetime of the molecular-field-split 2p levels in H{sub 2}S

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bueno, Andre Machado; Brito, Arnaldo Naves de; Fink, Reinhold F.

Different lifetime broadenings in molecular-field-split 2p core levels in H{sub 2}S are predicted theoretically and are identified in an experimental investigation of the S 2p Auger electron spectrum. The measurements were performed for the transition to the vibrationally resolved X{sup 1}A{sub 1} ground state of H{sub 2}S{sup 2+}. The lifetimes of the 3e{sub 1/2} and 5e{sub 1/2} levels of the 2p ionized molecule are found to be 64 and 74 meV, respectively. This unambiguous determination of the lifetime difference of 10{+-}1 meV is only possible as the 4e{sub 1/2}{yields}X{sup 1}A{sub 1}(2b{sub 1}{sup -2}) decay channel that overlaps the 5e{sub 1/2}{yields}X{supmore » 1}A{sub 1}(2b{sub 1}{sup -2}) channel is practically suppressed in Auger decay in H{sub 2}S. The lifetime difference is confirmed by ab initio calculations. A theoretical analysis shows that it results from the mutual orientation of the core hole in the intermediate states and the valence electron density in the sulfur 3p orbitals. Both are strongly influenced by the chemical bond. Thus the observed effect is the direct result of a fundamental property of molecular electronic structure.« less

Highly stable families of soliton molecules in fiber-optic systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moubissi, A.-B.; Tchofo Dinda, P.; Nse Biyoghe, S.

2018-04-01

We develop an efficient approach to the design of families of single solitons and soliton molecules most suited to a given fiber system. The obtained solitonic entities exhibit very high stability, with a robustness which allows them to propagate over thousands of kilometers and to survive collisions with other solitonic entities. Our approach enables the generation of a large number of solitonic entities, including families of single solitons and two-soliton molecules, which can be distinguished sufficiently by their respective profiles or energy levels, and so can be easily identifiable and detectable without ambiguity. We discuss the possible use of such solitonic entities as symbols of a multi-level modulation format in fiber-optic communication systems.

Electronic structure evolution in doping of fullerene (C{sub 60}) by ultra-thin layer molybdenum trioxide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Chenggong; Wang, Congcong; Kauppi, John

2015-08-28

Ultra-thin layer molybdenum oxide doping of fullerene has been investigated using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) can be observed directly with UPS. It is observed that the Fermi level position in fullerene is modified by ultra-thin-layer molybdenum oxide doping, and the HOMO onset is shifted to less than 1.3 eV below the Fermi level. The XPS results indicate that charge transfer was observed from the C{sub 60} to MoO{sub x} and Mo{sup 6+} oxides is the basis as hole dopants.

Enhancement of Chemical Entity Identification in Text Using Semantic Similarity Validation

PubMed Central

Grego, Tiago; Couto, Francisco M.

2013-01-01

With the amount of chemical data being produced and reported in the literature growing at a fast pace, it is increasingly important to efficiently retrieve this information. To tackle this issue text mining tools have been applied, but despite their good performance they still provide many errors that we believe can be filtered by using semantic similarity. Thus, this paper proposes a novel method that receives the results of chemical entity identification systems, such as Whatizit, and exploits the semantic relationships in ChEBI to measure the similarity between the entities found in the text. The method assigns a single validation score to each entity based on its similarities with the other entities also identified in the text. Then, by using a given threshold, the method selects a set of validated entities and a set of outlier entities. We evaluated our method using the results of two state-of-the-art chemical entity identification tools, three semantic similarity measures and two text window sizes. The method was able to increase precision without filtering a significant number of correctly identified entities. This means that the method can effectively discriminate the correctly identified chemical entities, while discarding a significant number of identification errors. For example, selecting a validation set with 75% of all identified entities, we were able to increase the precision by 28% for one of the chemical entity identification tools (Whatizit), maintaining in that subset 97% the correctly identified entities. Our method can be directly used as an add-on by any state-of-the-art entity identification tool that provides mappings to a database, in order to improve their results. The proposed method is included in a freely accessible web tool at www.lasige.di.fc.ul.pt/webtools/ice/. PMID:23658791

TaggerOne: joint named entity recognition and normalization with semi-Markov Models

PubMed Central

Leaman, Robert; Lu, Zhiyong

2016-01-01

Motivation: Text mining is increasingly used to manage the accelerating pace of the biomedical literature. Many text mining applications depend on accurate named entity recognition (NER) and normalization (grounding). While high performing machine learning methods trainable for many entity types exist for NER, normalization methods are usually specialized to a single entity type. NER and normalization systems are also typically used in a serial pipeline, causing cascading errors and limiting the ability of the NER system to directly exploit the lexical information provided by the normalization. Methods: We propose the first machine learning model for joint NER and normalization during both training and prediction. The model is trainable for arbitrary entity types and consists of a semi-Markov structured linear classifier, with a rich feature approach for NER and supervised semantic indexing for normalization. We also introduce TaggerOne, a Java implementation of our model as a general toolkit for joint NER and normalization. TaggerOne is not specific to any entity type, requiring only annotated training data and a corresponding lexicon, and has been optimized for high throughput. Results: We validated TaggerOne with multiple gold-standard corpora containing both mention- and concept-level annotations. Benchmarking results show that TaggerOne achieves high performance on diseases (NCBI Disease corpus, NER f-score: 0.829, normalization f-score: 0.807) and chemicals (BioCreative 5 CDR corpus, NER f-score: 0.914, normalization f-score 0.895). These results compare favorably to the previous state of the art, notwithstanding the greater flexibility of the model. We conclude that jointly modeling NER and normalization greatly improves performance. Availability and Implementation: The TaggerOne source code and an online demonstration are available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bionlp/taggerone Contact: zhiyong.lu@nih.gov Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. PMID:27283952

TaggerOne: joint named entity recognition and normalization with semi-Markov Models.

PubMed

Leaman, Robert; Lu, Zhiyong

2016-09-15

Text mining is increasingly used to manage the accelerating pace of the biomedical literature. Many text mining applications depend on accurate named entity recognition (NER) and normalization (grounding). While high performing machine learning methods trainable for many entity types exist for NER, normalization methods are usually specialized to a single entity type. NER and normalization systems are also typically used in a serial pipeline, causing cascading errors and limiting the ability of the NER system to directly exploit the lexical information provided by the normalization. We propose the first machine learning model for joint NER and normalization during both training and prediction. The model is trainable for arbitrary entity types and consists of a semi-Markov structured linear classifier, with a rich feature approach for NER and supervised semantic indexing for normalization. We also introduce TaggerOne, a Java implementation of our model as a general toolkit for joint NER and normalization. TaggerOne is not specific to any entity type, requiring only annotated training data and a corresponding lexicon, and has been optimized for high throughput. We validated TaggerOne with multiple gold-standard corpora containing both mention- and concept-level annotations. Benchmarking results show that TaggerOne achieves high performance on diseases (NCBI Disease corpus, NER f-score: 0.829, normalization f-score: 0.807) and chemicals (BioCreative 5 CDR corpus, NER f-score: 0.914, normalization f-score 0.895). These results compare favorably to the previous state of the art, notwithstanding the greater flexibility of the model. We conclude that jointly modeling NER and normalization greatly improves performance. The TaggerOne source code and an online demonstration are available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bionlp/taggerone zhiyong.lu@nih.gov Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Published by Oxford University Press 2016. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.

Implicit theories about intelligence and growth (personal best) goals: Exploring reciprocal relationships.

PubMed

Martin, Andrew J

2015-06-01

There has been increasing interest in growth approaches to students' academic development, including value-added models, modelling of academic trajectories, growth motivation orientations, growth mindsets, and growth goals. This study sought to investigate the relationships between implicit theories about intelligence (incremental and entity theories) and growth (personal best, PB) goals - with particular interest in the ordering of factors across time. The study focused on longitudinal data of 969 Australian high school students. The classic cross-lagged panel design (using structural equation modelling) was employed to shed light on the ordering of Time 1 growth goals, incremental theories, and entity theories relative to Time 2 (1 year later) growth goals, incremental theories, and entity theories. Findings showed that Time 1 growth goals predicted Time 2 incremental theories (positively) and entity theories (negatively); Time 1 entity and incremental theories negatively predicted Time 2 incremental and entity theories respectively; but, Time 1 incremental theories and entity theories did not predict growth goals at Time 2. This suggests that entity and incremental theories are negatively reciprocally related across time, but growth goals seem to be directionally salient over incremental and entity theories. Implications for promoting growth goals and growth mindsets are discussed. © 2014 The British Psychological Society.

Sublimation rate of molecular crystals - role of internal degrees of freedom

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maiti, A; Zepeda-Ruiz, L A; Gee, R H

2007-01-19

It is a common practice to estimate site desorption rate from crystal surfaces with an Arrhenius expression of the form v{sub eff} exp(-{Delta}E/k{sub B}T), where {Delta}E is an activation barrier to desorb and v{sub eff} is an effective vibrational frequency {approx} 10{sup 12} sec{sup -1}. However, such a formula can lead to several to many orders of magnitude underestimation of sublimation rates in molecular crystals due to internal degrees of freedom. We carry out a quantitative comparison of two energetic molecular crystals with crystals of smaller entities like ice and Argon (solid) and uncover the errors involved as a functionmore » of molecule size. In the process, we also develop a formal definition of v{sub eff} and an accurate working expression for equilibrium vapor pressure.« less

Biological entities isolated from the stratosphere (22-27km): case for their space origin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wainwright, Milton; Rose, Christopher E.; Baker, Alexander J.; Wickramasinghe, N. Chandra

2013-09-01

Biological entities were isolated at a height of between 22-27 km in the stratosphere. Sampling of this region was carried out in the UK in July 2013 using a relatively simple low-cost balloon-borne sampler carrying aseptically clean scanning electron microscope stubs onto which aerosols were directly captured. The entities varied from a presumptive colony of ultra-small bacteria to two unusual individual organisms - part of a diatom frustule and a 200 micron-sized particle mass interlaced with biological filaments. Biological entities of this nature have not previously been reported occurring in the stratosphere; their likely origin is discussed and we provide arguments to support our view that such biological entities may have arrived from space. The new data gives strong confirmation of the Hoyle-Wickramasinghe theory of cometary panspermia.

47 CFR 1.990 - Citizenship and filing requirements under the Communications Act of 1934.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....S.-organized entity that itself directly or indirectly controls a common carrier, aeronautical en... controls the licensee or spectrum lessee. Such controlling interests are subject to section 310(b)(4) and....-organized entities that hold non-controlling equity and/or voting interests in the licensee, along with any...

47 CFR 1.990 - Citizenship and filing requirements under the Communications Act of 1934.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....S.-organized entity that itself directly or indirectly controls a common carrier, aeronautical en... controls the licensee or spectrum lessee. Such controlling interests are subject to section 310(b)(4) and....-organized entities that hold non-controlling equity and/or voting interests in the licensee, along with any...

76 FR 37403 - Treasury International Capital Form SLT: Report of Aggregate Holdings of Long-Term Securities by...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-27

... reporting entity's own account and for customers. The reporting entity should include reportable securities....- resident end-investor. Securities held as part of a direct investment relationship should not be reported... Management and Budget (OMB) in accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act and assigned control number 1505...

42 CFR 447.505 - Determination of best price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...; (7) Prices of sales directly to patients; (8) Prices available to mail order pharmacies; (9) Prices... consumer, agent, pharmacy or another entity acting on behalf of the manufacturer; but only to the extent that the full value of the coupon is passed on to the consumer and the pharmacy, agent, or other entity...

42 CFR 447.505 - Determination of best price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...; (7) Prices of sales directly to patients; (8) Prices available to mail order pharmacies; (9) Prices... consumer, agent, pharmacy or another entity acting on behalf of the manufacturer; but only to the extent that the full value of the coupon is passed on to the consumer and the pharmacy, agent, or other entity...

42 CFR 447.505 - Determination of best price.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...; (7) Prices of sales directly to patients; (8) Prices available to mail order pharmacies; (9) Prices... consumer, agent, pharmacy or another entity acting on behalf of the manufacturer; but only to the extent that the full value of the coupon is passed on to the consumer and the pharmacy, agent, or other entity...

46 CFR 356.11 - Impermissible control by a Non-Citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... right to restrict unduly the day-to-day business activities and management policies of the entity owning... mortgage, long-term or exclusive sales or marketing agreement, unsecured loan agreement, or management..., or any other means whatsoever: (1) Has the right to direct the business of the entity which owns the...

Spatio-structural granularity of biological material entities

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background With the continuously increasing demands on knowledge- and data-management that databases have to meet, ontologies and the theories of granularity they use become more and more important. Unfortunately, currently used theories and schemes of granularity unnecessarily limit the performance of ontologies due to two shortcomings: (i) they do not allow the integration of multiple granularity perspectives into one granularity framework; (ii) they are not applicable to cumulative-constitutively organized material entities, which cover most of the biomedical material entities. Results The above mentioned shortcomings are responsible for the major inconsistencies in currently used spatio-structural granularity schemes. By using the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as a top-level ontology and Keet's general theory of granularity, a granularity framework is presented that is applicable to cumulative-constitutively organized material entities. It provides a scheme for granulating complex material entities into their constitutive and regional parts by integrating various compositional and spatial granularity perspectives. Within a scale dependent resolution perspective, it even allows distinguishing different types of representations of the same material entity. Within other scale dependent perspectives, which are based on specific types of measurements (e.g. weight, volume, etc.), the possibility of organizing instances of material entities independent of their parthood relations and only according to increasing measures is provided as well. All granularity perspectives are connected to one another through overcrossing granularity levels, together forming an integrated whole that uses the compositional object perspective as an integrating backbone. This granularity framework allows to consistently assign structural granularity values to all different types of material entities. Conclusions The here presented framework provides a spatio-structural granularity framework for all domain reference ontologies that model cumulative-constitutively organized material entities. With its multi-perspectives approach it allows querying an ontology stored in a database at one's own desired different levels of detail: The contents of a database can be organized according to diverse granularity perspectives, which in their turn provide different views on its content (i.e. data, knowledge), each organized into different levels of detail. PMID:20509878

Elevated CO{sub 2} and leaf shape: Are dandelions getting toothier?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thomas, S.C.; Bazzaz, F.A.

1996-01-01

Heteroblastic leaf development in Taraxacum officinale is compared between plants grown under ambient (350 ppm) vs. elevated (700 ppm) CO{sub 2} levels. Leaves of elevated CO{sub 2} plants exhibited more deeply incised leaf margins and relatively more slender leaf laminae than leaves of ambient CO{sub 2} plants. These differences were found to be significant in allometric analyses that controlled for differences in leaf size, as well as analyses that controlled for leaf development order. The effects of elevated CO{sub 2} on leaf shape were most pronounced when plants were grown individually, but detectable differences were also found in plants grownmore » at high density. Although less dramatic than in Taraxacum, significant effects of elevated CO{sub 2} on leaf shape were also found in two other weedy rosette species, Plantago major and Rumex crispus. These observations support the long-standing hypothesis that leaf carbohydrate level plays an important role in regulating heteroblastic leaf development, though elevated CO{sub 2} may also affect leaf development through direct hormonal interactions or increased leaf water potential. In Taraxacum, pronounced modifications of leaf shape were found at CO{sub 2} levels predicted to occur within the next century. 33 refs., 5 figs.« less

Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Entity Relationship language Level 1 Version 2.

PubMed

Sorokin, Anatoly; Le Novère, Nicolas; Luna, Augustin; Czauderna, Tobias; Demir, Emek; Haw, Robin; Mi, Huaiyu; Moodie, Stuart; Schreiber, Falk; Villéger, Alice

2015-09-04

The Systems Biological Graphical Notation (SBGN) is an international community effort for standardized graphical representations of biological pathways and networks. The goal of SBGN is to provide unambiguous pathway and network maps for readers with different scientific backgrounds as well as to support efficient and accurate exchange of biological knowledge between different research communities, industry, and other players in systems biology. Three SBGN languages, Process Description (PD), Entity Relationship (ER) and Activity Flow (AF), allow for the representation of different aspects of biological and biochemical systems at different levels of detail. The SBGN Entity Relationship language (ER) represents biological entities and their interactions and relationships within a network. SBGN ER focuses on all potential relationships between entities without considering temporal aspects. The nodes (elements) describe biological entities, such as proteins and complexes. The edges (connections) provide descriptions of interactions and relationships (or influences), e.g., complex formation, stimulation and inhibition. Among all three languages of SBGN, ER is the closest to protein interaction networks in biological literature and textbooks, but its well-defined semantics offer a superior precision in expressing biological knowledge.

Facial Emotion Recognition System – A Machine Learning Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramalingam, V. V.; Pandian, A.; Jayakumar, Lavanya

2018-04-01

Frown is a medium for people correlation and it could be exercised in multiple real systems. Single crucial stage for frown realizing is to exactly select hysterical aspects. This journal proposed a frown realization scheme applying transformative Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based aspect accumulation. This entity initially employs changed LVP, handles crisscross adjacent picture element contrast, for achieving the selective first frown portrayal. Then the PSO entity inserted with a concept of micro Genetic Algorithm (mGA) called mGA-embedded PSO designed for achieving aspect accumulation. This study, the technique subsumes no disposable memory, a little-populace insignificant flock, a latest acceleration that amends with the approach and a sub dimension-based in-depth local frown aspect examines. Assistance of provincial utilization and comprehensive inspection examine structure of alleviating of an immature concurrence complication of conventional PSO. Numerous identifiers are used to diagnose different frown expositions. Stationed on extensive study within and other-sphere pictures from the continued Cohn Kanade and MMI benchmark directory appropriately. Determination of the application exceeds most advanced level PSO variants, conventional PSO, classical GA and alternate relevant frown realization structures is described with powerful limit. Extending our accession to a motion based FER application for connecting patch-based Gabor aspects with continuous data in multi-frames.

First-principles study on the ferrimagnetic half-metallic Mn{sub 2}FeAs alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qi, Santao; Zhang, Chuan-Hui, E-mail: zhangch@ustb.edu.cn; Chen, Bao

2015-05-15

Mn-based full-Heusler alloys are kinds of promising candidates for new half-metallic materials. Basing on first principles, the electronic structures and magnetic properties of the Mn{sub 2}FeAs full-Heusler alloy have been investigated in detail. The Hg{sub 2}CuTi-type Mn{sub 2}FeAs compound obeys the Slater-Pauling rule, while the anti-parallel alignment atomic magnetic moments of Mn locating at different sites indicate it a ferrimagnetic alloy. The calculated spin-down bands behave half-metallic character, exhibiting a direct gap of 0.46 eV with a 100% spin polarization at the Fermi level. More studies show the compound would maintain half-metallic nature in a large range of variational latticemore » constants. We expect that our calculated results may trigger Mn{sub 2}FeAs applying in the future spintronics field. - Graphical abstract: The d orbitals of Mn and Fe atoms split into multi-degenerated levels which create new bonding and nonbonding states. These exchange splitting shift the Fermi level to origin band gap.▪ - Highlights: • The electronic structure and magnetic properties of Mn{sub 2}FeAs full-Heusler alloy were studied. • A total magnetic moment of 3μ{sub B} was obtained for Mn{sub 2}FeAs alloy, following the SP rule M{sub t}=Z{sub t}−24. • The origin of ferrimagnetism and half-metallic character in Mn{sub 2}FeAs were discussed.« less

A new indium metal-organic 3D framework with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, MIL-96 (In), containing {mu} {sub 3}-oxo-centered trinuclear units and a hexagonal 18-ring network

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Volkringer, Christophe; Loiseau, Thierry

2006-05-25

A new indium trimesate In{sub 12}O(OH){sub 12}({l_brace}OH{r_brace}{sub 4},{l_brace}H{sub 2}O{r_brace}{sub 5})[btc]{sub 6}.{approx}31H{sub 2}O, called MIL-96 (btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate or trimesate species) was hydrothermally synthesized under mild condition (210 deg. C, 5 h) in the presence of trimethyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate in water and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The MIL-96 (In) structure exhibits a three-dimensional metal-organic framework containing isolated trinuclear {mu} {sub 3}-oxo-bridged indium clusters and infinite chains of InO{sub 4}(OH){sub 2} and InO{sub 2}(OH){sub 3}(H{sub 2}O) octahedra generating a hexagonal network based on 18-membered ring. The two types of indium entities are connected to each other through the trimesate species whichmore » induce corrugated chains of indium octahedra, linked via {mu} {sub 2}-hydroxo bonds with the specific -cis-cis-trans- sequence. The 3D framework of MIL-96 reveals three kind of cavities (two of them have estimated {approx} 400 A{sup 3} volumes), in which are encapsulated free water molecules. The latter species are removed upon heating at 150 deg. C.« less

78 FR 24241 - John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, et al.; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-24

...\\ and Investing Fund's Sub-Advisory Group,\\28\\ to control a Single-Tier Fund within the meaning of... trusts outside of the same group of investment companies as the series to acquire Shares; and (f) certain... an entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser and (b) comply with the...

A Walking Contradiction, Partly Truth and Partly Fiction: A Critique of Stoesz' The Child Welfare Cartel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellett, Alberta J.

2016-01-01

This article is a critique of David Stoesz' descriptions of organizational issues in child welfare, and more specifically, the relationships between the U.S. Children's Bureau and the National Child Welfare Workforce Institute. The focus is on Stoesz perspectives and assessments of sub-entities (cartels) that are currently influencing funding and…

Association between ambient air pollution and proliferation of umbilical cord blood cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Novack, L., E-mail: novack@bgu.ac.il

It has been established as a common knowledge that ambient air pollution (AAP) has an adverse effect on human health. The pathophysiological mechanism of this impact is likely to be related to the oxidative stress. In the current study we estimate the association between AAP and cell proliferation (CP) of umbilical cord blood cells, representing maternal organism most proximal to the fetal body. Blood samples were tested for proliferation in 292 enrolled Arab-Bedouin women at delivery (July 2012–March 2013). The estimates of AAP were defined by a hybrid satellite based model predicting both PM{sub 2.5} (particles<2.5 µm in diameter) andmore » PM{sub 10} (particles<10 µm in diameter) as well as monitoring stations for gaseous air pollutants. Risk estimates of pollution exposure were adjusted to medical history, household risk factors and meteorological factors on the day of delivery or one week prior. Ambient ozone (O{sub 3}) levels on 1, 2, 3and 4 days prior to delivery were associated with lower CP (Prevalence ratio (PR)=0.92, 0.92, 0.93, 0.93, respectively). Increase in inter-quartile range (IOR) of PM{sub 2.5} one day before delivery was associated with 9% increase in CP levels (PR=1.09). The positive direction in association was changed to negative association with CP for PM{sub 2.5} levels measured at more distant time periods (PR=0.90 and 0.93 for lags 5 and 6 days, respectively). Investigation of PM{sub 10} levels indicated a similar pattern (PR=1.05 for pollution values recorded one day before delivery and 0.93 and 0.95 for lags of 5 and 6 days, respectively). Carbon monoxide (CO) levels were associated with lower CP on the day of delivery and 1 day prior (PR=0.92 and PR=0.94). To conclude, the levels of cell proliferation of umbilical cord blood cells appear to be associated with the AAP. More studies are needed to support our findings. - Highlights: • Ambient air pollutants were suggested to have an impact on cell proliferation (CP) of umbilical cord blood. • Ozone (O{sub 3}) and carbon monoxide (CO) levels days before delivery were associated with lower CP. • Particulate matter day before delivery was associated with increased CP levels; CP levels decreased for pollutants' levels more distant in time. • Change in directions of an association is likely to be related to different underlying pathophysiological mechanism of pollutants' effect on humans' body.« less

77 FR 25721 - Small Entity Compliance Guide: Bottled Water: Quality Standard: Establishing an Allowable Level...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-01

...] Small Entity Compliance Guide: Bottled Water: Quality Standard: Establishing an Allowable Level for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; Availability AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the availability of a guidance for industry entitled...

Non-Gaussianity from self-ordering scalar fields

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Figueroa, Daniel G.; Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid; Caldwell, Robert R.

The Universe may harbor relics of the post-inflationary epoch in the form of a network of self-ordered scalar fields. Such fossils, while consistent with current cosmological data at trace levels, may leave too weak an imprint on the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale distribution of matter to allow for direct detection. The non-Gaussian statistics of the density perturbations induced by these fields, however, permit a direct means to probe for these relics. Here we calculate the bispectrum that arises in models of self-ordered scalar fields. We find a compact analytic expression for the bispectrum, evaluate it numerically, and providemore » a simple approximation that may be useful for data analysis. The bispectrum is largest for triangles that are aligned (have edges k{sub 1{approx_equal}}2k{sub 2{approx_equal}}2k{sub 3}) as opposed to the local-model bispectrum, which peaks for squeezed triangles (k{sub 1{approx_equal}}k{sub 2}>>k{sub 3}), and the equilateral bispectrum, which peaks at k{sub 1{approx_equal}}k{sub 2{approx_equal}}k{sub 3}. We estimate that this non-Gaussianity should be detectable by the Planck satellite if the contribution from self-ordering scalar fields to primordial perturbations is near the current upper limit.« less

78 FR 41314 - Review of Foreign Ownership Policies for Common Carrier and Aeronautical Radio Licensees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... individuals, governments, and corporations in U.S.-organized entities that directly or indirectly control a U....-organized entities that do not control the licensee, to the extent the Commission determines such foreign... foreign investment that may pose a risk of harm to important national policies. WTO and Non-WTO Investment...

42 CFR 413.88 - Incentive payments under plans for voluntary reduction in number of medical residents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... voluntary residency reduction plan. (5) Updates to annual and cumulative targets (i) Except as provided in... paragraphs (g)(2) and (g)(3) of this section. (ii) An entity may update annual reduction targets specified in... used for direct GME payments for the last residency training year in which a qualifying entity...

Sandboxes for Model-Based Inquiry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brady, Corey; Holbert, Nathan; Soylu, Firat; Novak, Michael; Wilensky, Uri

2015-04-01

In this article, we introduce a class of constructionist learning environments that we call Emergent Systems Sandboxes ( ESSs), which have served as a centerpiece of our recent work in developing curriculum to support scalable model-based learning in classroom settings. ESSs are a carefully specified form of virtual construction environment that support students in creating, exploring, and sharing computational models of dynamic systems that exhibit emergent phenomena. They provide learners with "entity"-level construction primitives that reflect an underlying scientific model. These primitives can be directly "painted" into a sandbox space, where they can then be combined, arranged, and manipulated to construct complex systems and explore the emergent properties of those systems. We argue that ESSs offer a means of addressing some of the key barriers to adopting rich, constructionist model-based inquiry approaches in science classrooms at scale. Situating the ESS in a large-scale science modeling curriculum we are implementing across the USA, we describe how the unique "entity-level" primitive design of an ESS facilitates knowledge system refinement at both an individual and social level, we describe how it supports flexible modeling practices by providing both continuous and discrete modes of executability, and we illustrate how it offers students a variety of opportunities for validating their qualitative understandings of emergent systems as they develop.

Effects of estrogens and progestins on high density lipoproteins

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krauss, R.M.; Lindgren, F.T.; Wingerd, J.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are knwon to be higher in women than in men, and to increase with estrogen use. To assess the effects of estrogens on HDL subspecies, analytic ultracentrifuge measurements of HDL were compared in 11 menopausal estrogen users and 16 controls. The difference in mean schlieren patterns between the groups showed a significantly higher level of HDL with flotation rate (F/sub 1/ /sub 20//sup 0/) > 1.5 (predominantly HDL/sub 2/) in the users. This was similar to the difference in HDL seen between nonusers of hormones and age-matched males. A previous study had shown that usersmore » of combination oral contraceptives had increased levels of HDL with F/sub 1/ /sub 20//sup 0/ less than or equal to 3.5 (primarily HDL/sub 3/) suggesting that the estrogen effect on HDL is altered by the presence of added progestin. The progestin effect was studied here in detail in two women with type V hyperlipoproteinemia treated with norethindrone acetate. Reduction in serum triglyceride was accompanied by a reduction in HDL, predominantly in the less dense species (HDL/sub 2/). Among groups of oral contraceptive and noncontraceptive estrogen and progestin users whose HDL-cholesterol levels have been reported recently, there was a direct correlation (r = 0.86, p < .001) between mean HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Endogenous hormonal influences on HDL were assessed by serum hormone and lipoprotein measurements at weekly intervals during two consecutive menstrual cycles in four healthy females. An increase in HDL of highest flotation rate (F/sub 1/ /sub 20//sup 0/ 5 to 9) was seen, which corresponded with the time of ovulation, raising the possibility of pituitary as well as gonadal hormone effects on HDL.« less

Ab initio reaction pathways for photodissociation and isomerization of nitromethane on four singlet potential energy surfaces with three roaming paths

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Isegawa, Miho; Liu, Fengyi; Morokuma, Keiji

2014-06-28

Photodissociation pathways of nitromethane following π → π{sup *} electronic excitation are reported. The potential energy surfaces for four lowest singlet states are explored, and structures of many intermediates, dissociation limits, transition states, and minimum energy conical intersections were determined using the automated searching algorism called the global reaction route mapping strategy. Geometries are finally optimized at CASSCF(14e,11o) level and energies are computed at CAS(14o,11e)PT2 level. The calculated preferable pathways and important products qualitatively explain experimental observations. The major photodissociation product CH{sub 3} and NO{sub 2} ({sup 2}B{sub 2}) is formed by direct dissociation from the S{sub 1} state. Importantmore » pathways involving S{sub 1} and S{sub 0} states for production of various dissociation products CH{sub 3}NO + O ({sup 1}D), CH{sub 3}O(X{sup 2}E) + NO (X{sup 2}Π), CH{sub 2}NO + OH, and CH{sub 2}O + HNO, as well as various isomerization pathways have been identified. Three roaming processes also have been identified: the O atom roaming in O dissociation from CH{sub 3}NO{sub 2}, the OH radical roaming in OH dissociation from CH{sub 2}N(O)(OH), and the NO roaming in NO dissociation from CH{sub 3}ONO.« less

Apparatus for the Calibration/Certification of Direct Reading Tritium in Air Monitors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Otlet, R.L.; Mather, I.D.; Pottinger, M

2005-07-15

Direct reading tritium-in-air-monitors are widely used for immediate observation of discharges or working area levels where significant sources of tritium are held. These monitors require initial and periodic calibration certification at the levels likely to be encountered. We describe a purpose built gas handling apparatus which enables various activity levels of tritiated gas ({sup 3}H + N{sub 2}) to be precisely metered and circulated in a closed loop through the monitor under calibration at a wide range of activity levels.

28 CFR 907.3 - Assessing compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... fingerprints to the State repositories and criminal justice and noncriminal justice agencies with direct access... noncriminal justice entities authorized to submit fingerprints directly to the FBI. The reviews may consist of...

28 CFR 907.3 - Assessing compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... fingerprints to the State repositories and criminal justice and noncriminal justice agencies with direct access... noncriminal justice entities authorized to submit fingerprints directly to the FBI. The reviews may consist of...

28 CFR 907.3 - Assessing compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... fingerprints to the State repositories and criminal justice and noncriminal justice agencies with direct access... noncriminal justice entities authorized to submit fingerprints directly to the FBI. The reviews may consist of...

28 CFR 907.3 - Assessing compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... fingerprints to the State repositories and criminal justice and noncriminal justice agencies with direct access... noncriminal justice entities authorized to submit fingerprints directly to the FBI. The reviews may consist of...

28 CFR 907.3 - Assessing compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... fingerprints to the State repositories and criminal justice and noncriminal justice agencies with direct access... noncriminal justice entities authorized to submit fingerprints directly to the FBI. The reviews may consist of...

The developmental origins of moral concern: An examination of moral boundary decision making throughout childhood

PubMed Central

Wilks, Matti; Redshaw, Jonathan; Nielsen, Mark

2018-01-01

Prominent theorists have made the argument that modern humans express moral concern for a greater number of entities than at any other time in our past. Moreover, adults show stable patterns in the degrees of concern they afford certain entities over others, yet it remains unknown when and how these patterns of moral decision-making manifest in development. Children aged 4 to 10 years (N = 151) placed 24 pictures of human, animal, and environmental entities on a stratified circle representing three levels of moral concern. Although younger and older children expressed similar overall levels of moral concern, older children demonstrated a more graded understanding of concern by including more entities within the outer reaches of their moral circles (i.e., they were less likely to view moral inclusion as a simple in vs. out binary decision). With age children extended greater concern to humans than other forms of life, and more concern to vulnerable groups, such as the sick and disabled. Notably, children’s level of concern for human entities predicted their prosocial behavior. The current research provides novel insights into the development of our moral reasoning and its structure within childhood. PMID:29813134

The developmental origins of moral concern: An examination of moral boundary decision making throughout childhood.

PubMed

Neldner, Karri; Crimston, Daniel; Wilks, Matti; Redshaw, Jonathan; Nielsen, Mark

2018-01-01

Prominent theorists have made the argument that modern humans express moral concern for a greater number of entities than at any other time in our past. Moreover, adults show stable patterns in the degrees of concern they afford certain entities over others, yet it remains unknown when and how these patterns of moral decision-making manifest in development. Children aged 4 to 10 years (N = 151) placed 24 pictures of human, animal, and environmental entities on a stratified circle representing three levels of moral concern. Although younger and older children expressed similar overall levels of moral concern, older children demonstrated a more graded understanding of concern by including more entities within the outer reaches of their moral circles (i.e., they were less likely to view moral inclusion as a simple in vs. out binary decision). With age children extended greater concern to humans than other forms of life, and more concern to vulnerable groups, such as the sick and disabled. Notably, children's level of concern for human entities predicted their prosocial behavior. The current research provides novel insights into the development of our moral reasoning and its structure within childhood.

A Deep Similarity Metric Learning Model for Matching Text Chunks to Spatial Entities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, K.; Wu, L.; Tao, L.; Li, W.; Xie, Z.

2017-12-01

The matching of spatial entities with related text is a long-standing research topic that has received considerable attention over the years. This task aims at enrich the contents of spatial entity, and attach the spatial location information to the text chunk. In the data fusion field, matching spatial entities with the corresponding describing text chunks has a big range of significance. However, the most traditional matching methods often rely fully on manually designed, task-specific linguistic features. This work proposes a Deep Similarity Metric Learning Model (DSMLM) based on Siamese Neural Network to learn similarity metric directly from the textural attributes of spatial entity and text chunk. The low-dimensional feature representation of the space entity and the text chunk can be learned separately. By employing the Cosine distance to measure the matching degree between the vectors, the model can make the matching pair vectors as close as possible. Mearnwhile, it makes the mismatching as far apart as possible through supervised learning. In addition, extensive experiments and analysis on geological survey data sets show that our DSMLM model can effectively capture the matching characteristics between the text chunk and the spatial entity, and achieve state-of-the-art performance.

ZEEMAN INVESTIGATIONS OF CURIUM-242

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hubbs, J.C.; Marrus, R.; Winocur, J.O.

The atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method has been used to investigate 163-day Cm/sup 242/. The spin of this even-even nuclide is found to be zero. Four low-lying electronlc energy levels are found and the Lande gfactors are measured to be g/sub J2/ = 2.561 plus or minus 0.003, g/sub J3/ 2.000 plus or minus 0.003, g/sub J4/ = 1.776 plus or minus 0.002, and g/sub J5/ = 1.671 plus or minus 0.003. No direct measurement can be made of the angular momenta of these levels, but other considerations contained in the text make highly probable the J values indicated in subscripts andmore » arising from the electronic configuration (5f)/sup 7/ (6d)/sup 1 (7s)/sup 2/. (auth)« less

Comparing Different Approaches for Mapping Urban Vegetation Cover from Landsat ETM+ Data: A Case Study on Brussels

PubMed Central

Van de Voorde, Tim; Vlaeminck, Jeroen; Canters, Frank

2008-01-01

Urban growth and its related environmental problems call for sustainable urban management policies to safeguard the quality of urban environments. Vegetation plays an important part in this as it provides ecological, social, health and economic benefits to a city's inhabitants. Remotely sensed data are of great value to monitor urban green and despite the clear advantages of contemporary high resolution images, the benefits of medium resolution data should not be discarded. The objective of this research was to estimate fractional vegetation cover from a Landsat ETM+ image with sub-pixel classification, and to compare accuracies obtained with multiple stepwise regression analysis, linear spectral unmixing and multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) at the level of meaningful urban spatial entities. Despite the small, but nevertheless statistically significant differences at pixel level between the alternative approaches, the spatial pattern of vegetation cover and estimation errors is clearly distinctive at neighbourhood level. At this spatially aggregated level, a simple regression model appears to attain sufficient accuracy. For mapping at a spatially more detailed level, the MLP seems to be the most appropriate choice. Brightness normalisation only appeared to affect the linear models, especially the linear spectral unmixing. PMID:27879914

Physical Performance Comparison between Under 15 Elite and Sub-Elite Soccer Players

PubMed Central

Trecroci, Athos; Milanović, Zoran; Frontini, Matteo; Iaia, F. Marcello; Alberti, Giampietro

2018-01-01

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the physical performance profile among young soccer players of different competitive levels. Two teams of elite (n = 22) and sub-elite (n = 22) soccer players at national (highly skilled) and regional (moderately skilled) level were recruited in the study. All participants were tested using a modified Illinois change of direction speed test, a T-drill with and without a ball, a countermovement jump, and a 10-m sprint. The analysis revealed significant differences in favor of elite players in sprint (d = 1.54, large) and vertical jump (d = 2.03, very large) outcomes, while no differences were observed in both modified Illinois change of direction speed (d = 0.16, trivial) and T-drill (d = 0.20, small) tests between the groups. The ability to change direction and speed with and without a ball was found not to be suitable enough to highlight the difference among youth players with moderate-to-high level of play. In conclusion, multi-testing approach based on task-related power should include vertical jump and sprint performance to delineate players of a higher level. PMID:29599873

Acoustic Characteristics of a Model Isolated Tiltrotor in DNW

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Booth, Earl R., Jr.; McCluer, Megan; Tadghighi, Hormoz

1999-01-01

An aeroacoustic wind tunnel test was conducted using a scaled isolated tiltrotor model. Acoustic data were acquired using an in-flow microphone wing traversed beneath the model to map the directivity of the near-field acoustic radiation of the rotor for a parametric variation of rotor angle-of-attack, tunnel speed, and rotor thrust. Acoustic metric data were examined to show trends of impulsive noise for the parametric variations. BVISPL maximum noise levels were found to increase with alpha for constant mu and C(sub T), although the maximum BVI levels were found at much higher a than for a typical helicopter. BVISPL levels were found to increase with mu for constant alpha and C(sub T. BVISPL was found to decrease with increasing CT for constant a and m, although BVISPL increased with thrust for a constant wake geometry. Metric data were also scaled for M(sub up) to evaluate how well simple power law scaling could be used to correct metric data for M(sub up) effects.

Disease named entity recognition by combining conditional random fields and bidirectional recurrent neural networks.

PubMed

Wei, Qikang; Chen, Tao; Xu, Ruifeng; He, Yulan; Gui, Lin

2016-01-01

The recognition of disease and chemical named entities in scientific articles is a very important subtask in information extraction in the biomedical domain. Due to the diversity and complexity of disease names, the recognition of named entities of diseases is rather tougher than those of chemical names. Although there are some remarkable chemical named entity recognition systems available online such as ChemSpot and tmChem, the publicly available recognition systems of disease named entities are rare. This article presents a system for disease named entity recognition (DNER) and normalization. First, two separate DNER models are developed. One is based on conditional random fields model with a rule-based post-processing module. The other one is based on the bidirectional recurrent neural networks. Then the named entities recognized by each of the DNER model are fed into a support vector machine classifier for combining results. Finally, each recognized disease named entity is normalized to a medical subject heading disease name by using a vector space model based method. Experimental results show that using 1000 PubMed abstracts for training, our proposed system achieves an F1-measure of 0.8428 at the mention level and 0.7804 at the concept level, respectively, on the testing data of the chemical-disease relation task in BioCreative V.Database URL: http://219.223.252.210:8080/SS/cdr.html. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.

Contracting With the Enemy: The Contracting Officer’s Dilemma

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

forgery, bribery , etc. Intentionally misusing "Made in America" designation Other offenses indicating a lack of business integrity or honesty that...major risk associated with using local national contractors in contingency environments is the presence of business entities that may directly or...indirectly support adversarial forces. Entering into contracts with enemy-affiliated business entities creates significant contractual and security

42 CFR 413.88 - Incentive payments under plans for voluntary reduction in number of medical residents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... reduction plan. (5) Updates to annual and cumulative targets (i) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(5)(ii...)(2) and (g)(3) of this section. (ii) An entity may update annual reduction targets specified in its... used for direct GME payments for the last residency training year in which a qualifying entity...

Target size analysis of serotonin 5-HT/sub 1/ and 5-HT/sub 2/ receptors in bovine brain membranes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nishino, N.; Tanaka, C.

1985-09-23

Freeze-dried crude synaptic membranes prepared from bovine cerebral cortex and striatum were exposed to high energy gamma ray from the source of /sup 60/Co. The size of serotonin 5-HT/sub 1/ receptors labeled by (/sup 3/H)serotonin and that of 5-HT/sub 2/ receptors labeled by (/sup 3/H)spiperone or (/sup 3/H)ketanserin was determined by target size analyses. The values were 57,000 daltons, 145,000 daltons and 152,000 daltons for the cerebral cortex and 56,000 daltons, 141,000 daltons and 150,000 daltons for the striatum, respectively. The estimated sizes were deduced by reference to enzyme standards with known molecular masses and which were irradiated in parallel.more » These results demonstrate that the molecular entities in situ for 5-HT/sub 1/ receptors are distinct from those for 5-HT/sub 2/ receptors, thus supporting data on the existence of two distinct populations of serotonin receptors, hitherto evidenced physiopharmacologically.« less

Electronic tuning of the transport properties of off-stoichiometric Pb{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}Te thermoelectric alloys by Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} doping

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guttmann, Gilad M.; Dadon, David; Gelbstein, Yaniv

2015-08-14

The recent energy demands affected by the dilution of conventional energy resources and the growing awareness of environmental considerations had motivated many researchers to seek for novel renewable energy conversion methods. Thermoelectric direct conversion of thermal into electrical energies is such a method, in which common compositions include IV-VI semiconducting compounds (e.g., PbTe and SnTe) and their alloys. For approaching practical thermoelectric devices, the current research is focused on electronic optimization of off-stoichiometric p-type Pb{sub x}Sn{sub 1−x}Te alloys by tuning of Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} doping and/or SnTe alloying levels, while avoiding the less mechanically favorable Na dopant. It was shownmore » that upon such doping/alloying, higher ZTs, compared to those of previously reported undoped Pb{sub 0.5}Sn{sub 0.5}Te alloy, were obtained at temperatures lower than 210–340 °C, depending of the exact doping/alloying level. It was demonstrated that upon optimal grading of the carrier concentration, a maximal thermoelectric efficiency enhancement of ∼38%, compared to that of an undoped material, is expected.« less

Character-level neural network for biomedical named entity recognition.

PubMed

Gridach, Mourad

2017-06-01

Biomedical named entity recognition (BNER), which extracts important named entities such as genes and proteins, is a challenging task in automated systems that mine knowledge in biomedical texts. The previous state-of-the-art systems required large amounts of task-specific knowledge in the form of feature engineering, lexicons and data pre-processing to achieve high performance. In this paper, we introduce a novel neural network architecture that benefits from both word- and character-level representations automatically, by using a combination of bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) and conditional random field (CRF) eliminating the need for most feature engineering tasks. We evaluate our system on two datasets: JNLPBA corpus and the BioCreAtIvE II Gene Mention (GM) corpus. We obtained state-of-the-art performance by outperforming the previous systems. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to investigate the combination of deep neural networks, CRF, word embeddings and character-level representation in recognizing biomedical named entities. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Atrial fibrillation and acute myocardial infarction without significant coronary stenoses associated with subclinical hyperthyroidism and erythrocytosis.

PubMed

Patanè, Salvatore; Marte, Filippo

2010-11-05

Subclinical hyperthyroidism is an increasingly recognized entity that is defined as a normal serum free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine levels with a thyroid-stimulating hormone level suppressed below the normal range and usually undetectable. It has been reported that sub-clinical hyperthyroidism is not associated with CHD or mortality from cardiovascular causes but is sufficient to induce arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Moreover increased factor X activity in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism represents a potential hypercoagulable state. It has been also reported an acute myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries associated with iatrogenic hyperthyroidism and with a myocardial bridge too. It has been also reported an acute myocardial infarction without significant coronary stenoses associated with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Furthermore it has been reported that at highly increased hematocrit levels patients may experience hyperviscosity symptoms. We present a case of atrial fibrillation and acute myocardial infarction without significant coronary stenoses associated with subclinical hyperthyroidism and erythrocytosis. Also this case focuses attention on the importance of a correct evaluation of subclinical hyperthyroidism. Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Optical Data Storage system

DOEpatents

Vo-Dinh, T.

1994-06-28

An improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Optical Data Storage System (SERODS) is disclosed. In the improved system, entities capable of existing in multiple reversible states are present on the storage device. Such entities result in changed Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) when localized state changes are effected in less than all of the entities. Therefore, by changing the state of entities in localized regions of a storage device, the SERS emissions in such regions will be changed. When a write-on device is controlled by a data signal, such a localized regions of changed SERS emissions will correspond to the data written on the device. The data may be read by illuminating the surface of the storage device with electromagnetic radiation of an appropriate frequency and detecting the corresponding SERS emissions. Data may be deleted by reversing the state changes of entities in regions where the data was initially written. In application, entities may be individual molecules which allows for the writing of data at the molecular level. A read/write/delete head utilizing near-field quantum techniques can provide for a write/read/delete device capable of effecting state changes in individual molecules, thus providing for the effective storage of data at the molecular level. 18 figures.

Surface-enhanced raman optical data storage system

DOEpatents

Vo-Dinh, Tuan

1994-01-01

An improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Optical Data Storage System (SERODS) is disclosed. In the improved system, entities capable of existing in multiple reversible states are present on the storage device. Such entities result in changed Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) when localized state changes are effected in less than all of the entities. Therefore, by changing the state of entities in localized regions of a storage device, the SERS emissions in such regions will be changed. When a write-on device is controlled by a data signal, such a localized regions of changed SERS emissions will correspond to the data written on the device. The data may be read by illuminating the surface of the storage device with electromagnetic radiation of an appropriate frequency and detecting the corresponding SERS emissions. Data may be deleted by reversing the state changes of entities in regions where the data was initially written. In application, entities may be individual molecules which allows for the writing of data at the molecular level. A read/write/delete head utilizing near-field quantum techniques can provide for a write/read/delete device capable of effecting state changes in individual molecules, thus providing for the effective storage of data at the molecular level.

Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lelieveld, Jos; Crutzen, Paul J.; Dentener, Frank J.

1998-04-01

Previous studies on ice core analyses and recent in situ measurements have shown that CH4 has increased from about 0.75 1.73μmol/mol during the past 150years. Here, we review sources and sink estimates and we present global 3D model calculations, showing that the main features of the global CH4 distribution are well represented. The model has been used to derive the total CH4 emission source, being about 600 Tg yr-1. Based on published results of isotope measurements the total contribution of fossil fuel related CH4 emissions has been estimated to be about 110 Tg yr-1. However, the individual coal, natural gas and oil associated CH4 emissions can not be accurately quantified. In particular natural gas and oil associated emissions remain speculative. Since the total anthropogenic CH4 source is about 410 Tg yr-1 (70% of the total source) and the mean recent atmospheric CH4 increase is 20 Tg yr-1 an anthropogenic source reduction of 5% could stabilize the atmospheric CH4 level. We have calculated the indirect chemical effects of increasing CH4 on climate forcing on the basis of global 3D chemistry-transport and radiative transfer calculations. These indicate an enhancement of the direct radiative effect by about 30%, in agreement with previous work. The contribution of CH4 (direct and indirect effects) to climate forcing during the past 150years is 0.57W m2 (direct 0.44W m2, indirect 0.13 W m2). This is about 35% of the climate forcing by CO2 (1.6W m2) and about 22% of the forcing by all long-lived greenhouse gases (2.6 W m2). Scenario calculations (IPCC-IS92a) indicate that the CH4 lifetime in the atmosphere increased by about 25 30%during the past 150years to a current value of 7.9years. Future lifetime changes are expected to be much smaller, about 6%, mostly due to the expected increase of tropospheric O3 (→OH) in the tropics. The global mean concentration of CH4 may increase to about 2.55μmol/mol, its lifetime is expected to increase to 8.4years in the year 2050. Further, we have calculated a CH4 global warming potential (GWP) of 21 (kgCH4/kgCO2) over a time horizon of 100years, in agreement with IPCC (1996). Scenario calculations indicate that the importance of the climate forcing by CH4 (including indirect effects) relative to that of CO2 will decrease in future; currently this is about 35%, while this is expected to decrease to about 15% in the year 2050.

Mining protein phosphorylation information from biomedical literature using NLP parsing and Support Vector Machines.

PubMed

Raja, Kalpana; Natarajan, Jeyakumar

2018-07-01

Extraction of protein phosphorylation information from biomedical literature has gained much attention because of the importance in numerous biological processes. In this study, we propose a text mining methodology which consists of two phases, NLP parsing and SVM classification to extract phosphorylation information from literature. First, using NLP parsing we divide the data into three base-forms depending on the biomedical entities related to phosphorylation and further classify into ten sub-forms based on their distribution with phosphorylation keyword. Next, we extract the phosphorylation entity singles/pairs/triplets and apply SVM to classify the extracted singles/pairs/triplets using a set of features applicable to each sub-form. The performance of our methodology was evaluated on three corpora namely PLC, iProLink and hPP corpus. We obtained promising results of >85% F-score on ten sub-forms of training datasets on cross validation test. Our system achieved overall F-score of 93.0% on iProLink and 96.3% on hPP corpus test datasets. Furthermore, our proposed system achieved best performance on cross corpus evaluation and outperformed the existing system with recall of 90.1%. The performance analysis of our unique system on three corpora reveals that it extracts protein phosphorylation information efficiently in both non-organism specific general datasets such as PLC and iProLink, and human specific dataset such as hPP corpus. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Scientific Merit Review of Directed Research Tasks Within the NASA Human Research Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Charles, John B.

2010-01-01

The Human Research Program is instrumental in developing and delivering research findings, health countermeasures, and human systems technologies for spacecraft. :HRP is subdivided into 6 research entities, or Elements. Each Element is charged with providing the Program with knowledge and capabilities to conduct research to address the human health and performance risks as well as advance the readiness levels of technology and countermeasures. Project: An Element may be further subdivided into Projects, which are defined as an integrated set of tasks undertaken to deliver a product or set of products

Effects of uniaxial strain on electron effective mass and tunneling capability of direct gap Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Lei; Liang, Renrong, E-mail: liangrr@tsinghua.edu.cn; Wang, Jing

2016-01-15

Direct gap Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} alloys under [100] and [110] uniaxial strain are comprehensively investigated by theoretical calculations using the nonlocal empirical pseudopotential method (EPM). It is shown that [100] uniaxial tensile strain aids indirect-to-direct gap transition in Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} alloys. The Γ electron effective mass along the optimal direction under [110] uniaxial strain is smaller than those under [100] uniaxial strain and (001) biaxial strain. Additionally, the direct tunneling gap is smallest along the strain-perpendicular direction under [110] uniaxial tensile strain, resulting in a maximum direct band-to-band tunneling generation rate. An optimal [110] uniaxial tensile strain is favorablemore » for high-performance direct gap Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} electronic devices.« less

Systematic uncertainties in the Monte Carlo calculation of ion chamber replacement correction factors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, L. L. W.; La Russa, D. J.; Rogers, D. W. O.

In a previous study [Med. Phys. 35, 1747-1755 (2008)], the authors proposed two direct methods of calculating the replacement correction factors (P{sub repl} or p{sub cav}p{sub dis}) for ion chambers by Monte Carlo calculation. By ''direct'' we meant the stopping-power ratio evaluation is not necessary. The two methods were named as the high-density air (HDA) and low-density water (LDW) methods. Although the accuracy of these methods was briefly discussed, it turns out that the assumption made regarding the dose in an HDA slab as a function of slab thickness is not correct. This issue is reinvestigated in the current study,more » and the accuracy of the LDW method applied to ion chambers in a {sup 60}Co photon beam is also studied. It is found that the two direct methods are in fact not completely independent of the stopping-power ratio of the two materials involved. There is an implicit dependence of the calculated P{sub repl} values upon the stopping-power ratio evaluation through the choice of an appropriate energy cutoff {Delta}, which characterizes a cavity size in the Spencer-Attix cavity theory. Since the {Delta} value is not accurately defined in the theory, this dependence on the stopping-power ratio results in a systematic uncertainty on the calculated P{sub repl} values. For phantom materials of similar effective atomic number to air, such as water and graphite, this systematic uncertainty is at most 0.2% for most commonly used chambers for either electron or photon beams. This uncertainty level is good enough for current ion chamber dosimetry, and the merits of the two direct methods of calculating P{sub repl} values are maintained, i.e., there is no need to do a separate stopping-power ratio calculation. For high-Z materials, the inherent uncertainty would make it practically impossible to calculate reliable P{sub repl} values using the two direct methods.« less

Individuals versus organisms versus populations in the definition of ecological assessment endpoints.

PubMed

Suter, Glenn W; Norton, Susan B; Fairbrother, Anne

2005-11-01

Discussions and applications of the policies and practices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in ecological risk assessment will benefit from continued clarification of the concepts of assessment endpoints and of levels of biological organization. First, assessment endpoint entities and attributes can be defined at different levels of organization. Hence, an organism-level attribute, such as growth or survival, can be applied collectively to a population-level entity such as the brook trout in a stream. Second, assessment endpoints for ecological risk assessment are often mistakenly described as "individual level," which leads to the idea that such assessments are intended to protect individuals. Finally, populations play a more important role in risk assessments than is generally recognized. Organism-level attributes are used primarily for population-level assessments. In addition, the USEPA and other agencies already are basing management decisions on population or community entities and attributes such as production of fisheries, abundance of migratory bird populations, and aquatic community composition.

Bayesian Modeling of Temporal Coherence in Videos for Entity Discovery and Summarization.

PubMed

Mitra, Adway; Biswas, Soma; Bhattacharyya, Chiranjib

2017-03-01

A video is understood by users in terms of entities present in it. Entity Discovery is the task of building appearance model for each entity (e.g., a person), and finding all its occurrences in the video. We represent a video as a sequence of tracklets, each spanning 10-20 frames, and associated with one entity. We pose Entity Discovery as tracklet clustering, and approach it by leveraging Temporal Coherence (TC): the property that temporally neighboring tracklets are likely to be associated with the same entity. Our major contributions are the first Bayesian nonparametric models for TC at tracklet-level. We extend Chinese Restaurant Process (CRP) to TC-CRP, and further to Temporally Coherent Chinese Restaurant Franchise (TC-CRF) to jointly model entities and temporal segments using mixture components and sparse distributions. For discovering persons in TV serial videos without meta-data like scripts, these methods show considerable improvement over state-of-the-art approaches to tracklet clustering in terms of clustering accuracy, cluster purity and entity coverage. The proposed methods can perform online tracklet clustering on streaming videos unlike existing approaches, and can automatically reject false tracklets. Finally we discuss entity-driven video summarization- where temporal segments of the video are selected based on the discovered entities, to create a semantically meaningful summary.

Integration of communications and tracking data processing simulation for space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lacovara, Robert C.

1987-01-01

A simplified model of the communications network for the Communications and Tracking Data Processing System (CTDP) was developed. It was simulated by use of programs running on several on-site computers. These programs communicate with one another by means of both local area networks and direct serial connections. The domain of the model and its simulation is from Orbital Replaceable Unit (ORU) interface to Data Management Systems (DMS). The simulation was designed to allow status queries from remote entities across the DMS networks to be propagated through the model to several simulated ORU's. The ORU response is then propagated back to the remote entity which originated the request. Response times at the various levels were investigated in a multi-tasking, multi-user operating system environment. Results indicate that the effective bandwidth of the system may be too low to support expected data volume requirements under conventional operating systems. Instead, some form of embedded process control program may be required on the node computers.

47 CFR 11.53 - Dissemination of Emergency Action Notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... origination point to broadcast stations and other entities participating in the PEP system. It is then... cable systems. (3) Other entities voluntarily participating in EAS. (b) State level and Local Area...

47 CFR 11.53 - Dissemination of Emergency Action Notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... origination point to broadcast stations and other entities participating in the PEP system. It is then... cable systems. (3) Other entities voluntarily participating in EAS. (b) State level and Local Area...

Modeling Temporal Variation in Social Network: An Evolutionary Web Graph Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitra, Susanta; Bagchi, Aditya

A social network is a social structure between actors (individuals, organization or other social entities) and indicates the ways in which they are connected through various social relationships like friendships, kinships, professional, academic etc. Usually, a social network represents a social community, like a club and its members or a city and its citizens etc. or a research group communicating over Internet. In seventies Leinhardt [1] first proposed the idea of representing a social community by a digraph. Later, this idea became popular among other research workers like, network designers, web-service application developers and e-learning modelers. It gave rise to a rapid proliferation of research work in the area of social network analysis. Some of the notable structural properties of a social network are connectedness between actors, reachability between a source and a target actor, reciprocity or pair-wise connection between actors with bi-directional links, centrality of actors or the important actors having high degree or more connections and finally the division of actors into sub-structures or cliques or strongly-connected components. The cycles present in a social network may even be nested [2, 3]. The formal definition of these structural properties will be provided in Sect. 8.2.1. The division of actors into cliques or sub-groups can be a very important factor for understanding a social structure, particularly the degree of cohesiveness in a community. The number, size, and connections among the sub-groups in a network are useful in understanding how the network, as a whole, is likely to behave.

KINETIC ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF H(1s) FROM H{sub 2} X {sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}-a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g} EXCITATION AND LIFETIMES AND TRANSITION PROBABILITIES OF a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}(v, J)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu Xianming; Johnson, Paul V.; Malone, Charles P.

Dissociative excitation of molecular hydrogen plays an important role in the heating of outer planet upper thermospheres. This paper addresses the role of one of the triplet states involved in the process. H{sub 2} excited to the a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g} state, or higher triplet-ungerade states, is dissociated via the a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}-b {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub u} continuum. The kinetic energy distribution of H(1s) produced from direct X {sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}-a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}(v, J) excitation by electrons is investigated by an accurate theoretical evaluation of spontaneous transition probabilities ofmore » the a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}(v, J)-b {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub u} continuum transition. It is shown that the X {sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}(0)-a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}(v, J) excitation primarily produces H(1s) atoms with kinetic energies lower than 2 eV. In addition to the continuum a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}(v, J)-b {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub u} transition probabilities, spontaneous emission lifetimes of the a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}(v, J) (v = 0-20, J {<=} 14) levels have been calculated by considering both the a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}-b {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub u} and a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}-c {sup 3}{Pi} {sub u} transitions. The calculated lifetimes show a moderately strong rotational dependence, and the lifetimes for the J = 0 rotational level of the low v levels agree well with previous calculations and experimental measurements. Calculations of the a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}-b {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub u} continuum emission spectra from electron impact X {sup 1}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g}-a {sup 3}{Sigma}{sup +} {sub g} excitation are included.« less

Are Stronger North-Atlantic Southwesterlies the Forcing to the Late-Winter Warming in Europe?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Otterman, J.; Atlas, Robert; Chou, S.-H.; Jusem, J. C.; Pielke, R. A., Sr.; Chase, T. N.; Rogers, J.; Russell, G. L.; Schubert, S. D.; Sud, Y. C.

2001-01-01

We examine a possible mechanism leading to late-winter warming and thus to an early spring in Europe. From the NCEP Reanalysis, we extract for the years 1948-1999 ocean-surface winds over the eastern North Atlantic, and air temperatures at the surface, T(sub s), and at the 500 mb level, T(sub 500), in late-winter and spring. T(sub s) is extracted at six European locations, all at 50.5 N, ranging in longitude from 1.9 E (northeastern France) to 26.2 E (Ukraine). To quantify the advection of maritime air into Europe, we evaluate for 3-pentad groups the Index I(sub na) of the southwesterlies at 45 N; 20 W: I(sub na) is the average wind speed at this point if the direction is from the quadrant 180-270 deg (when the direction is different, the contribution counts as zero). In late winter correlations C(sub it) between the Index I(sub na) and the temperature T(sub s) are substantial, up to the 0.6 level, in western Europe (but weaker correlations for Poland and Ukraine). C(sub it) drops sharply by mid-March, taking occasionally negative values subsequently. This drop in C(sub it) indicates that maritime air advection is no longer associated closely with the surface-air warming, the role of immolation becomes important, and thus the drop in C(sub it) marks the arrival of spring. Correlations C(sub i delta) between I(sub na) and our lapse-rate parameter delta, the difference between T(sub s) and T(sub 500), indicate that the flow of warm maritime-air from the North Atlantic into this 'corridor' at 50.5 N is predominantly at low tropospheric level. By computing the best linear fit to I(sub na) and T(sub s), the trends for the period 1948-1999 are evaluated. The trends are appreciable in the second half of February and the first half of March. Our 3-pentad analysis points to the interval from mid-February to mid-March as the end-of-winter period in which the southwesterlies over the eastern North Atlantic become stronger and the surface-air temperatures in Europe rise markedly, the lapse rate becomes steeper, and concurrently the longitudinal temperature gradient between the Somme (France) and the Oder (Germany/Poland border) is reduced by 0.8 C, that is, by 20% of its 1948 value. Our thesis, that the observed late-winter warming and the corollary advancement of spring in Europe resulted at least in part from stronger southwesterlies over the North Atlantic, merits further investigations.

Communication about absent entities in great apes and human infants.

PubMed

Bohn, Manuel; Call, Josep; Tomasello, Michael

2015-12-01

There is currently debate about the extent to which non-linguistic beings such as human infants and great apes are capable of absent reference. In a series of experiments we investigated the flexibility and specificity of great apes' (N=36) and 12 month-old infants' (N=40) requests for absent entities. Subjects had the choice between requesting visible objects directly and using the former location of a depleted option to request more of these now-absent entities. Importantly, we systematically varied the quality of the present and absent options. We found that great apes as well as human infants flexibly adjusted their requests for absent entities to these contextual variations and only requested absent entities when the visible option was of lower quality than the absent option. These results suggest that the most basic cognitive capacities for absent reference do not depend on language and are shared by humans and their closest living relatives. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The influence of category coherence on inference about cross-classified entities.

PubMed

Patalano, Andrea L; Wengrovitz, Steven M; Sharpes, Kirsten M

2009-01-01

A critical function of categories is their use in property inference (Heit, 2000). However, one challenge to using categories in inference is that most entities in the world belong to multiple categories (e.g., Fido could be a dog, a pet, a mammal, or a security system). Building on Patalano, Chin-Parker, and Ross (2006), we tested the hypothesis that category coherence (the extent to which category features go together in light of prior knowledge) influences the selection of categories for use in property inference about cross-classified entities. In two experiments, we directly contrasted coherent and incoherent categories, both of which included cross-classified entities as members, and we found that the coherent categories were used more readily as the source of both property transfer and property extension. We conclude that category coherence, which has been found to be a potent influence on strength of inference for singly classified entities (Rehder & Hastie, 2004), is also central to category use in reasoning about novel cross-classified ones.

Study of infrared emission spectroscopy for the B{sup 1}Δ{sub g}–A{sup 1}Π{sub u} and B{sup ′1}Σ{sub g}{sup +}–A{sup 1}Π{sub u} systems of C{sub 2}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Wang, E-mail: sc19321@s.okayama-u.ac.jp, E-mail: okakent@okayama-u.ac.jp, E-mail: pbernath@odu.edu; Kawaguchi, Kentarou, E-mail: sc19321@s.okayama-u.ac.jp, E-mail: okakent@okayama-u.ac.jp, E-mail: pbernath@odu.edu; Tang, Jian, E-mail: jtang@okayama-u.ac.jp

Thirteen bands for the B{sup 1}Δ{sub g}–A{sup 1}Π{sub u} system and eleven bands for the B{sup ′1}Σ{sub g}{sup +}–A{sup 1}Π{sub u} system of C{sub 2} were identified in the Fourier transform infrared emission spectra of hydrocarbon discharges. The B{sup ′1}Σ{sub g}{sup +} v = 4 and the B{sup 1}Δ{sub g} v = 6, 7, and 8 vibrational levels involved in nine bands were studied for the first time. A direct global analysis with Dunham parameters was carried out satisfactorily for the B{sup 1}Δ{sub g}–A{sup 1}Π{sub u} system except for a small perturbation in the B{sup 1}Δ{sub g} v = 6more » level. The calculated rovibrational term energies up to B{sup 1}Δ{sub g} v = 12 showed that the level crossing between the B{sup 1}Δ{sub g} and d{sup 3}Π{sub g} states is responsible for many of the prominent perturbations in the Swan system observed previously. Nineteen forbidden transitions of the B{sup 1}Δ{sub g}–a{sup 3}Π{sub u} transition were identified and the off-diagonal spin-orbit interaction constant A{sub dB} between d{sup 3}Π{sub g} and B{sup 1}Δ{sub g} was derived as 8.3(1) cm{sup −1}. For the B{sup ′1}Σ{sub g}{sup +}–A{sup 1}Π{sub u} system, only individual band analyses for each vibrational level in the B′{sup 1}Σ{sub g}{sup +} state could be done satisfactorily and Dunham parameters obtained from these effective parameters showed that the anharmonic vibrational constant ω{sub e}x{sub e} is anomalously small (nearly zero). Inspection of the RKR (Rydberg-Klein-Rees) potential curves for the B{sup ′1}Σ{sub g}{sup +} and X{sup 1}Σ{sub g}{sup +} states revealed that an avoided crossing or nearly avoided crossing may occur around 30 000 cm{sup −1}, which is responsible for the anomalous molecular constants in these two states.« less

Prediction of Active-Region CME Productivity from Magnetograms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Falconer, D. A.; Moore, R. L.; Gary, G. A.

2004-01-01

We report results of an expanded evaluation of whole-active-region magnetic measures as predictors of active-region coronal mass ejection (CME) productivity. Previously, in a sample of 17 vector magnetograms of 12 bipolar active regions observed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) vector magnetograph, from each magnetogram we extracted a measure of the size of the active region (the active region s total magnetic flux a) and four measures of the nonpotentiality of the active region: the strong-shear length L(sub SS), the strong-gradient length L(sub SG), the net vertical electric current I(sub N), and the net-current magnetic twist parameter alpha (sub IN). This sample size allowed us to show that each of the four nonpotentiality measures was statistically significantly correlated with active-region CME productivity in time windows of a few days centered on the day of the magnetogram. We have now added a fifth measure of active-region nonpotentiality (the best-constant-alpha magnetic twist parameter (alpha sub BC)), and have expanded the sample to 36 MSFC vector magnetograms of 31 bipolar active regions. This larger sample allows us to demonstrate statistically significant correlations of each of the five nonpotentiality measures with future CME productivity, in time windows of a few days starting from the day of the magnetogram. The two magnetic twist parameters (alpha (sub 1N) and alpha (sub BC)) are normalized measures of an active region s nonpotentially in that they do not depend directly on the size of the active region, while the other three nonpotentiality measures (L(sub SS), L(sub SG), and I(sub N)) are non-normalized measures in that they do depend directly on active-region size. We find (1) Each of the five nonpotentiality measures is statistically significantly correlated (correlation confidence level greater than 95%) with future CME productivity and has a CME prediction success rate of approximately 80%. (2) None of the nonpotentiality measures is a significantly better CME predictor than the others. (3) The active-region phi shows some correlation with CME productivity, but well below a statistically significant level (correlation confidence level less than approximately 80%; CME prediction success rate less than approximately 65%). (4) In addition to depending on magnetic twist, CME productivity appears to have some direct dependence on active-region size (rather than only an indirect dependence through a correlation of magnetic twist with active-region size), but it will take a still larger sample of active regions (50 or more) to certify this. (5) Of the five nonpotentiality measures, L(sub SG) appears to be the best for operational CME forecasting because it is as good or better a CME predictor than the others and it alone does not require a vector magnetogram; L(sub SG) can be measured from a line-of-sight magnetogram such as from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).

Sub-0.5 V Highly Stable Aqueous Salt Gated Metal Oxide Electronics

PubMed Central

Park, Sungjun; Lee, SeYeong; Kim, Chang-Hyun; Lee, Ilseop; Lee, Won-June; Kim, Sohee; Lee, Byung-Geun; Jang, Jae-Hyung; Yoon, Myung-Han

2015-01-01

Recently, growing interest in implantable bionics and biochemical sensors spurred the research for developing non-conventional electronics with excellent device characteristics at low operation voltages and prolonged device stability under physiological conditions. Herein, we report high-performance aqueous electrolyte-gated thin-film transistors using a sol-gel amorphous metal oxide semiconductor and aqueous electrolyte dielectrics based on small ionic salts. The proper selection of channel material (i.e., indium-gallium-zinc-oxide) and precautious passivation of non-channel areas enabled the development of simple but highly stable metal oxide transistors manifested by low operation voltages within 0.5 V, high transconductance of ~1.0 mS, large current on-off ratios over 107, and fast inverter responses up to several hundred hertz without device degradation even in physiologically-relevant ionic solutions. In conjunction with excellent transistor characteristics, investigation of the electrochemical nature of the metal oxide-electrolyte interface may contribute to the development of a viable bio-electronic platform directly interfacing with biological entities in vivo. PMID:26271456

Interaction and Communication of Agents in Networks and Language Complexity Estimates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smid, Jan; Obitko, Marek; Fisher, David; Truszkowski, Walt

2004-01-01

Knowledge acquisition and sharing are arguably the most critical activities of communicating agents. We report about our on-going project featuring knowledge acquisition and sharing among communicating agents embedded in a network. The applications we target range from hardware robots to virtual entities such as internet agents. Agent experiments can be simulated using a convenient simulation language. We analyzed the complexity of communicating agent simulations using Java and Easel. Scenarios we have studied are listed below. The communication among agents can range from declarative queries to sub-natural language queries. 1) A set of agents monitoring an object are asked to build activity profiles based on exchanging elementary observations; 2) A set of car drivers form a line, where every car is following its predecessor. An unsafe distance cm create a strong wave in the line. Individual agents are asked to incorporate and apply directions how to avoid the wave. 3) A set of micro-vehicles form a grid and are asked to propagate information and concepts to a central server.

Direct observation of unimolecular decay of CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CHOO Criegee intermediates to OH radical products

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fang, Yi; Liu, Fang; Lester, Marsha I., E-mail: milester@sas.upenn.edu

2016-07-28

The unimolecular decay of carbonyl oxide intermediates, known as Criegee intermediates, produced in alkene ozonolysis is a significant source of OH radicals in the troposphere. Here, the rate of appearance of OH radical products is examined directly in the time-domain for a prototypical alkyl-substituted Criegee intermediate, CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CHOO, following vibrational activation under collision-free conditions. Complementary statistical Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus calculations of the microcanonical unimolecular decay rate for CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CHOO are also carried out at energies in the vicinity of the barrier for 1,4 hydrogen atom transfer that leads to OH products. Tunneling through the barrier, derived from high level electronicmore » structure calculations, contributes significantly to the decay rate. Infrared transitions of CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CHOO are identified in the CH stretch overtone region, which are detected by ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence of the resultant OH products. The features observed are attributed to CH vibrational excitations and conformational forms utilizing insights from theory. Both experiment and theory yield unimolecular decay rates for CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CHOO of ca. 10{sup 7} s{sup −1}, which are slower than those obtained for syn-CH{sub 3}CHOO or (CH{sub 3}){sub 2}COO reported previously [Fang et al., J. Chem. Phys. 144, 061102 (2016)] at similar energies. Master equation modeling is also utilized to predict the thermal decay rate of CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CHOO under atmospheric conditions, giving a rate of 279 s{sup −1} at 298 K.« less

[Evaluation of hazards caused by magnetic field emitted from magnetotherapy applicator to the users of bone conduction hearing prostheses].

PubMed

Zradziński, Patryk; Karpowicz, Jolanta; Gryz, Krzysztof; Leszko, Wiesław

2017-06-27

Low frequency magnetic field, inducing electrical field (E_in) inside conductive structures may directly affect the human body, e.g., by electrostimulation in the nervous system. In addition, the spatial distribution and level of E_in are disturbed in tissues neighbouring the medical implant. Numerical models of magneto-therapeutic applicator (emitting sinusoidal magnetic field of frequency 100 Hz) and the user of hearing implant (based on bone conduction: Bonebridge type - IS-BB or BAHA (bone anchorde hearing aid) type - IS-BAHA) were worked out. Values of E_in were analyzed in the model of the implant user's head, e.g., physiotherapist, placed next to the applicator. It was demonstrated that the use of IS-BB or IS-BAHA makes electromagnetic hazards significantly higher (up to 4-fold) compared to the person without implant exposed to magnetic field heterogeneous in space. Hazards for IS-BAHA users are higher than those for IS-BB users. It was found that applying the principles of directive 2013/35/EU, at exposure to magnetic field below exposure limits the direct biophysical effects of exposure in hearing prosthesis users may exceed relevant limits. Whereas applying principles and limits set up by Polish labor law or the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines, the compliance with the exposure limits also ensures the compliance with relevant limits of electric field induced in the body of hearing implant user. It is necessary to assess individually electromagnetic hazard concerning hearing implant users bearing in mind significantly higher hazards to them compared to person without implant or differences between levels of hazards faced by users of implants of various structural or technological solutions. Med Pr 2017;68(4):469-477. This work is available in Open Access model and licensed under a CC BY-NC 3.0 PL license.

Influence of solution deposition rate on properties of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abd–Alghafour, N. M., E-mail: na2013bil@gmail.com; Ahmed, Naser M.; Hassan, Zai

Vanadium oxide (V{sub 2}O{sub 5}) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by using a cost-efficient spray pyrolysis technique. The films were grown at 350° through thermal decomposition of VCl{sub 3} in deionized water with different solution spray rates. The high resolution X-ray diffraction results revealed the formation of nanocrystalline films having orthorhombic structures with preferential orientation along (101) direction. The spray rate influenced the surface morphology and crystallite size of the films. The crystallite size was found to increase whereas the micro-strain was decreased by increasing the spray deposition rates. The increase in crystallite size and decrease in themore » macrostrain resulted in an improvement in the films’ crystallinity. The UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis indicated that the average transmittance of all films lies in the range 75-80 %. The band gap of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} film was decreased from 2.65 to 2.46 eV with increase of the spray deposition rate from 5 ml/min to 10 ml/min. first, second, and third level headings (first level heading).« less

Quasi-Fermi level splitting and sub-bandgap absorptivity from semiconductor photoluminescence

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Katahara, John K.; Hillhouse, Hugh W., E-mail: h2@uw.edu

A unified model for the direct gap absorption coefficient (band-edge and sub-bandgap) is developed that encompasses the functional forms of the Urbach, Thomas-Fermi, screened Thomas-Fermi, and Franz-Keldysh models of sub-bandgap absorption as specific cases. We combine this model of absorption with an occupation-corrected non-equilibrium Planck law for the spontaneous emission of photons to yield a model of photoluminescence (PL) with broad applicability to band-band photoluminescence from intrinsic, heavily doped, and strongly compensated semiconductors. The utility of the model is that it is amenable to full-spectrum fitting of absolute intensity PL data and yields: (1) the quasi-Fermi level splitting, (2) themore » local lattice temperature, (3) the direct bandgap, (4) the functional form of the sub-bandgap absorption, and (5) the energy broadening parameter (Urbach energy, magnitude of potential fluctuations, etc.). The accuracy of the model is demonstrated by fitting the room temperature PL spectrum of GaAs. It is then applied to Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se){sub 2} (CIGSSe) and Cu{sub 2}ZnSn(S,Se){sub 4} (CZTSSe) to reveal the nature of their tail states. For GaAs, the model fit is excellent, and fitted parameters match literature values for the bandgap (1.42 eV), functional form of the sub-bandgap states (purely Urbach in nature), and energy broadening parameter (Urbach energy of 9.4 meV). For CIGSSe and CZTSSe, the model fits yield quasi-Fermi leveling splittings that match well with the open circuit voltages measured on devices made from the same materials and bandgaps that match well with those extracted from EQE measurements on the devices. The power of the exponential decay of the absorption coefficient into the bandgap is found to be in the range of 1.2 to 1.6, suggesting that tunneling in the presence of local electrostatic potential fluctuations is a dominant factor contributing to the sub-bandgap absorption by either purely electrostatic (screened Thomas-Fermi) or a photon-assisted tunneling mechanism (Franz-Keldysh). A Gaussian distribution of bandgaps (local E{sub g} fluctuation) is found to be inconsistent with the data. The sub-bandgap absorption of the CZTSSe absorber is found to be larger than that for CIGSSe for materials that yield roughly equivalent photovoltaic devices (8% efficient). Further, it is shown that fitting only portions of the PL spectrum (e.g., low energy for energy broadening parameter and high energy for quasi-Fermi level splitting) may lead to significant errors for materials with substantial sub-bandgap absorption and emission.« less

Self-assembled templates for the generation of arrays of 1-dimensional nanostructures: from molecules to devices.

PubMed

Farrell, Richard A; Petkov, Nikolay; Morris, Michael A; Holmes, Justin D

2010-09-15

Self-assembled nanoscale porous architectures, such as mesoporous silica (MPS) films, block copolymer films (BCP) and porous anodic aluminas (PAAs), are ideal hosts for templating one dimensional (1D) nano-entities for a wide range of electronic, photonic, magnetic and environmental applications. All three of these templates can provide scalable and tunable pore diameters below 20 nm [1-3]. Recently, research has progressed towards controlling the pore direction, orientation and long-range order of these nanostructures through so-called directed self-assembly (DSA). Significantly, the introduction of a wide range of top-down chemically and physically pre-patterning substrates has facilitated the DSA of nanostructures into functional device arrays. The following review begins with an overview of the fundamental aspects of self-assembly and ordering processes during the formation of PAAs, BCPs and MPS films. Special attention is given to the different ways of directing self-assembly, concentrating on properties such as uni-directional alignment, precision placement and registry of the self-assembled structures to hierarchal or top-down architectures. Finally, to distinguish this review from other articles we focus on research where nanostructures have been utilised in part to fabricate arrays of functioning devices below the sub 50 nm threshold, by subtractive transfer and additive methods. Where possible, we attempt to compare and contrast the different templating approaches and highlight the strengths and/or limitations that will be important for their potential integration into downstream processes. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mesh Oriented datABase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tautges, Timothy J.

MOAB is a component for representing and evaluating mesh data. MOAB can store stuctured and unstructured mesh, consisting of elements in the finite element "zoo". The functional interface to MOAB is simple yet powerful, allowing the representation of many types of metadata commonly found on the mesh. MOAB is optimized for efficiency in space and time, based on access to mesh in chunks rather than through individual entities, while also versatile enough to support individual entity access. The MOAB data model consists of a mesh interface instance, mesh entities (vertices and elements), sets, and tags. Entities are addressed through handlesmore » rather than pointers, to allow the underlying representation of an entity to change without changing the handle to that entity. Sets are arbitrary groupings of mesh entities and other sets. Sets also support parent/child relationships as a relation distinct from sets containing other sets. The directed-graph provided by set parent/child relationships is useful for modeling topological relations from a geometric model or other metadata. Tags are named data which can be assigned to the mesh as a whole, individual entities, or sets. Tags are a mechanism for attaching data to individual entities and sets are a mechanism for describing relations between entities; the combination of these two mechanisms isa powerful yet simple interface for representing metadata or application-specific data. For example, sets and tags can be used together to describe geometric topology, boundary condition, and inter-processor interface groupings in a mesh. MOAB is used in several ways in various applications. MOAB serves as the underlying mesh data representation in the VERDE mesh verification code. MOAB can also be used as a mesh input mechanism, using mesh readers induded with MOAB, or as a t’anslator between mesh formats, using readers and writers included with MOAB.« less

Levothyroxine rescues the lead-induced hypothyroidism and impairment of long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 region of the developmental rats

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu Chuanyun; Liu Bing; Wang Huili

Lead (Pb) exposure during development has been associated with impaired long-term potentiation (LTP). Hypothyroidism happening upon subjects with occupational exposure to Pb is suggestive of an adverse effect of Pb on thyroid homeostasis, leading to the hypothesis that Pb exposure may alter thyroid hormone homeostasis. Hippocampus is one of the targets of Pb exposure, and is sensitive to and dependent on thyroid hormones, leading us to explore whether levothyroxine (L-T{sub 4}) administration could alter the thyroid disequilibrium and impairment of LTP in rat hippocampus caused by Pb exposure. Our results show that Pb exposure caused a decrease in triiodothyronine (T{submore » 3}) and tetraiodothyronine (T{sub 4}) levels accompanied by a dramatic decrease of TSH and application of L-T{sub 4} restored these changes to about control levels. Hippocampal and blood Pb concentration were significantly reduced following L-T{sub 4} treatment. L-T{sub 4} treatment rescued the impairment of LTP induced by the Pb exposure. These results suggest that Pb exposure may lead to thyroid dysfunction and induce hypothyroidism and provide a direct electrophysiological proof that L-T{sub 4} relieves chronic Pb exposure-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity. - Highlights: > Lead may interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis and induce hypothyroidism. > Levothyroxine decreases the hippocampal and blood Pb concentration. > Levothyroxine amends the T{sub 3}, T{sub 4} and TSH levels in blood. > Levothyroxine rescues the impaired LTP in CA1.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rugheimer, S.; Kaltenegger, L.; Segura, A.

We model the atmospheres and spectra of Earth-like planets orbiting the entire grid of M dwarfs for active and inactive stellar models with T{sub eff} = 2300 K to T{sub eff} = 3800 K and for six observed MUSCLES M dwarfs with UV radiation data. We set the Earth-like planets at the 1 AU equivalent distance and show spectra from the visible to IR (0.4–20 μm) to compare detectability of features in different wavelength ranges with the James Webb Space Telescope and other future ground- and spaced-based missions to characterize exo-Earths. We focus on the effect of UV activity levels onmore » detectable atmospheric features that indicate habitability on Earth, namely, H{sub 2}O, O{sub 3}, CH{sub 4}, N{sub 2}O, and CH{sub 3}Cl. To observe signatures of life—O{sub 2}/O{sub 3} in combination with reducing species like CH{sub 4}—we find that early and active M dwarfs are the best targets of the M star grid for future telescopes. The O{sub 2} spectral feature at 0.76 μm is increasingly difficult to detect in reflected light of later M dwarfs owing to low stellar flux in that wavelength region. N{sub 2}O, another biosignature detectable in the IR, builds up to observable concentrations in our planetary models around M dwarfs with low UV flux. CH{sub 3}Cl could become detectable, depending on the depth of the overlapping N{sub 2}O feature. We present a spectral database of Earth-like planets around cool stars for directly imaged planets as a framework for interpreting future light curves, direct imaging, and secondary eclipse measurements of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone to design and assess future telescope capabilities.« less

Social Comparison Processes in an Organizational Context: New Directions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, Paul S.; Haisley, Emily

2007-01-01

The goal of this article is to frame some new directions to social comparison research in organizational settings. Four themes are developed. First, we examine the role of organizational variables in shaping the basic sub processes in social comparison, such as the selection of referents. The second theme focuses on the meaning of level of…

Tailoring Software for Multiple Processor Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-10-01

resource management decisions . Despite the lack of programming support, the use of multiple processor systems has grown sub- -stantially. Software has...making resource management decisions . Specifically, program- 1 mers need not allocate specific hardware resources to individual program components...Instead, such allocation decisions are automatically made based on high-level resource directives stated by ap- plication programmers, where each directive

Structure and optical band gaps of (Ba,Sr)SnO{sub 3} films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schumann, Timo; Raghavan, Santosh; Ahadi, Kaveh

2016-09-15

Epitaxial growth of (Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1−x})SnO{sub 3} films with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 using molecular beam epitaxy is reported. It is shown that SrSnO{sub 3} films can be grown coherently strained on closely lattice and symmetry matched PrScO{sub 3} substrates. The evolution of the optical band gap as a function of composition is determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The direct band gap monotonously decreases with x from to 4.46 eV (x = 0) to 3.36 eV (x = 1). A large Burnstein-Moss shift is observed with La-doping of BaSnO{sub 3} films. The shift corresponds approximately to the increase in Fermi level and is consistent with the low conduction band mass.

14 CFR 1204.1508 - Time limitations for receiving comments on proposed direct Federal development.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... proposed direct Federal development. 1204.1508 Section 1204.1508 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS... comments on proposed direct Federal development. (a) Except in unusual circumstances, the Administrator gives state processes or state, areawide, regional and local officials and entities at least 60 days...

24 CFR 52.8 - How does the Secretary provide states an opportunity to comment on proposed Federal financial...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... states an opportunity to comment on proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal development... financial assistance and direct Federal development? (a) Except in unusual circumstances, the Secretary gives state processes or directly affected state, areawide, regional and local officials and entities...

24 CFR 52.8 - How does the Secretary provide states an opportunity to comment on proposed Federal financial...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... states an opportunity to comment on proposed Federal financial assistance and direct Federal development... financial assistance and direct Federal development? (a) Except in unusual circumstances, the Secretary gives state processes or directly affected state, areawide, regional and local officials and entities...

Evaluation of Game-Based Visualization Tools for Military Flight Simulation

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-01

pitch, and yaw) then converts this position to WGS84 geocentric coordinates to conform to DIS standards prior to broadcast. The position data of...each external entity is processed by X-Plane® directly in geocentric coordinates for out-the-window display. This interface then allows X- Plane® to...applied to each. Additionally, the XCITE software calculates entity locations in latitude, longitude, and altitude before converting to geocentric

Is the Role of Physicians Really Evolving Due to Non-physician Clinicians Predominance in Staff Makeup in Sub-Saharan African Health Systems? Comment on "Non-physician Clinicians in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Evolving Role of Physicians".

PubMed

Sidat, Mohsin M

2016-07-02

Health workforce shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa are widely recognized, particularly of physicians, leading the training and deployment of Non-physician clinicians (NPCs). The paper by Eyal et al provides interesting and legitimate viewpoints on evolving role of physicians in context of decisive increase of NPCss in Sub-Saharan Africa. Certainly, in short or mid-term, NPCs will continue to be a proxy solution and a valuable alternative to overcome physicians' shortages in sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, NPCs have an important role at primary healthcare (PHC) level. Physicians at PHC level can certainly have all different roles that were suggested by Eyal et al, including those not directly related to healthcare provision. However, at secondary and higher levels of healthcare, physicians would assume other roles that are mainly related to patient clinical care. Thus, attempting to generalize the role of physicians without taking into account the context where they will work would be not entirely appropriate. It is true that often physicians start the professional carriers at PHC level and progress to other levels of healthcare particularly after clinical post-graduation training. Nevertheless, the training programs offered by medical institutions in sub-Saharan Africa need to be periodically reviewed and take into account professional and occupational roles physicians would take in context of evolving health systems in sub-Saharan Africa. © 2016 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Enhancing visible light photocatalytic activity of direct Z-scheme SnS{sub 2}/Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} heterojunction photocatalysts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luo, Jin, E-mail: lj328520504@126.com; Zhou, Xiaosong; Ma, Lin

Highlights: • Novel direct Z-scheme SnS{sub 2}/Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} heterojunction photocatalysts are synthesized. • SnS{sub 2}/Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} exhibits much higher photocatalytic activity than pure SnS{sub 2} and Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}. • A possible photocatalytic mechanism was discussed in detail. - Abstract: Novel direct Z-scheme SnS{sub 2}/Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} heterojunction photocatalysts were successfully fabricated with SnS{sub 2} nanoplates hybridized by Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} nanoparticals via a facile hydrothermal and precipitation method and applied for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). It was found that the photocatalytic performance of themore » SnS{sub 2} (2.0 wt%)/Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} heterojunction photocatalyst with 2.0 wt% SnS{sub 2} content was much higher than that of individual SnS{sub 2} and Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes through the formation of direct Z-scheme system composed of SnS{sub 2} and Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4}. Furthermore, the recycling experiments revealed that the photocorrosion behavior of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} was strongly inhibited by SnS{sub 2}, it may be due to the photogenerated electrons of Ag{sub 3}PO{sub 4} would be quickly combined with the photogenerated holes of SnS{sub 2}. This work will be useful for the design of other direct Z-scheme visible-light-driven photocatalytic systems for application in energy conversion and environmental remediation.« less

Fusion of infrared and visible images based on BEMD and NSDFB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Pan; Huang, Zhanhua; Lei, Hai

2016-07-01

This paper presents a new fusion method based on the adaptive multi-scale decomposition of bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) and the flexible directional expansion of nonsubsampled directional filter banks (NSDFB) for visible-infrared images. Compared with conventional multi-scale fusion methods, BEMD is non-parametric and completely data-driven, which is relatively more suitable for non-linear signals decomposition and fusion. NSDFB can provide direction filtering on the decomposition levels to capture more geometrical structure of the source images effectively. In our fusion framework, the entropies of the two patterns of source images are firstly calculated and the residue of the image whose entropy is larger is extracted to make it highly relevant with the other source image. Then, the residue and the other source image are decomposed into low-frequency sub-bands and a sequence of high-frequency directional sub-bands in different scales by using BEMD and NSDFB. In this fusion scheme, two relevant fusion rules are used in low-frequency sub-bands and high-frequency directional sub-bands, respectively. Finally, the fused image is obtained by applying corresponding inverse transform. Experimental results indicate that the proposed fusion algorithm can obtain state-of-the-art performance for visible-infrared images fusion in both aspects of objective assessment and subjective visual quality even for the source images obtained in different conditions. Furthermore, the fused results have high contrast, remarkable target information and rich details information that are more suitable for human visual characteristics or machine perception.

78 FR 31822 - Unincorporated Business Entities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-28

... improper ``commingling,'' even though their internal controls maintain appropriate levels of separation... internal controls ensuring that UBE activity remains in compliance with the requirements of this rule... framework for Farm Credit System (System) institutions' use of unincorporated business entities (UBEs...

7 CFR 1980.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... distress caused to rural business entities, directly or indirectly, by drought, freeze, storm, excessive... Appendix K, containing additional regulations for these loans. Drought and Disaster Guaranteed Loans..., directly or indirectly, by drought, hail, excessive moisture, or related conditions occurring in 1988, and...

7 CFR 1980.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... distress caused to rural business entities, directly or indirectly, by drought, freeze, storm, excessive... Appendix K, containing additional regulations for these loans. Drought and Disaster Guaranteed Loans..., directly or indirectly, by drought, hail, excessive moisture, or related conditions occurring in 1988, and...

7 CFR 1980.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... distress caused to rural business entities, directly or indirectly, by drought, freeze, storm, excessive... Appendix K, containing additional regulations for these loans. Drought and Disaster Guaranteed Loans..., directly or indirectly, by drought, hail, excessive moisture, or related conditions occurring in 1988, and...

Optimization of cw-QC lasers for Doppler and sub-Doppler molecular spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelly, James F.; Disselkamp, Robert S.; Sams, Robert L.; Blake, Thomas A.; Sharpe, Steven W.; Richter, Dirk A.; Fried, Alan

2002-09-01

Inter-subband (Type I) quantum-cascade (QC) lasers have shown the potential to generate tunable mid-IR radiation with narrow intrinsic linewidths (< 160 KHz in 15 mSec sweeps) and excellent amplitude stability (< 3 ppm averaged over minutes). Our bench-scale efforts to develop the Type I distributed feedback (DFB)-QC lasers for fieldable atmospheric chemistry campaigns, where multipass (Herriot or White) cells are used to enhance path-length, have not yet realized performance to the low intrinsic noise levels seen in these devices. By comparison, many operational systems' levels of noise-equivalent-absorbance (NEA) using Pb-salt lasers can routinely achieve at least one-order of magnitude better cw-performance, and with much lower powers. We have found that instability effets from weak back-scattered laser light -primarily from the Herriot cell- results in feedback-implicated technical noise well above the thermal and shot-noise of standard IR detectors. Of more fundamental concern is the fact that planar-stripe DFB-QC lasers undergo beam steering and transverse spatial-mode competitions during current tuning. It is the development of fully automated sub-ppbV sensitive IR chem-sensors. It is possible to reach low-ppm levels of absorptance change-detection (ΔI/I0) over small wavelength regions with careful alignment to 100 M Herriott cells, but extreme care in spatial filtering is critical. However in the case of optical configurations which preclude significant optical feedback and need for stringent mode coupling alignments, the cw-DFB-QC lasers show great promise to do high resolution sub-Doppler spectroscopy. By serendipitous events, a varient of 'mode- or level-crossing' spectroscopy was probably rediscovered, which may allow very high resolution, sub-Doppler features and/or hyperfine alignments to be probed with 'uni-directional' topologies. We will primarily discuss the basic features of the 'uni-directional' sub-Doppler spectroscopy concept in this report. It shows potential to be exploitable in multi-pass cells or ring configurations. The phenomena of satuation 'dips' in molecular transitions appear to be very accessible with sinusoidally current-modulated DFB-QC lasers. Observations of sub-Doppler structures, either induced by residual AM 'pulsation dips' and/or hyperfine level-crossing effects (due to weak Zeeman splittings by the earth's B-field) can be recovered with good contrast. If this phenomena is indeed implicated with long-lived coherent hyperfine alignments, due perhaps to coherent population trapping in 'dark-states,' then sub-Doppler signals from saturated 'level-crossings' can potentially be seen without recourse to expensive polarization optics, nor elaborate beam shaping and isolation techniques.

Energy of the ground and 2{sup +} excited states of {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be: A partial ten-body model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shoeb, Mohammad; Sonika

2009-08-15

The energies of the ground and excited 2{sup +} states of {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be have been calculated variationally in the Monte Carlo framework. The hypernucleus is treated as a partial ten-body problem in the {lambda}{lambda}+{alpha}{alpha} model where nucleonic degrees of freedom of {alpha}'s are taken into consideration ignoring the antisymmetrization between two {alpha}'s. The central two-body {lambda}N and {lambda}{lambda} and the three-body dispersive and two-pion exchange {lambda}NN forces, constrained by the {lambda}p scattering data and the observed ground state energies of {sub {lambda}}{sup 5}He and {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 6}He, are employed. The product-type trial wave function predicts binding energymore » for the ground state considerably less than for the event reported by Danysz et al.; however, it is consistent with the value deduced assuming a {gamma} ray of 3.04 MeV must have escaped undetected in the decay of the product {sub {lambda}}{sup 9}Be* {yields} {sub {lambda}}{sup 9}Be+{gamma} of the emulsion event {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be{yields} {pi}{sup -}+p+{sub {lambda}}{sup 9}Be* and for the excited 2{sup +} state closer to the value measured in the Demachi-Yanagi event. The hypernucleus {sub {lambda}}{sub {lambda}}{sup 10}Be has an oblate shape in the excited state. These results are consistent with the earlier four-body {alpha} cluster model approach where {alpha}'s are assumed to be structureless entities.« less

Effect of bottom electrode on dielectric property of sputtered-(Ba,Sr)TiO{sub 3} films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ito, Shinichi; Yamada, Tomoaki; Takahashi, Kenji

2009-03-15

(Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5})TiO{sub 3} (BST) films were deposited on (111)Pt/TiO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} substrates by rf sputtering. By inserting a thin layer of SrRuO{sub 3} in between BST film and (111)Pt electrode, the BST films grew fully (111)-oriented without any other orientations. In addition, it enables us to reduce the growth temperature of BST films while keeping the dielectric constant and tunability as high as those of BST films directly deposited on Pt at higher temperatures. The dielectric loss of the films on SrRuO{sub 3}-top substrates was comparable to that on Pt-top substrates for the same level of dielectricmore » constant. The results suggest that the SrRuO{sub 3} thin layer on (111)Pt electrode is an effective approach to growing highly crystalline BST films with (111) orientation at lower deposition temperatures.« less

31 CFR 30.11 - Q-11: Are TARP recipients required to meet any other standards under the executive compensation...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., including any “benchmarking” or comparisons employed to identify certain percentile levels of compensation (for example, entities used for benchmarking and a justification for using these entities and the...

Adaptive control of base-isolated buildings using piezoelectric friction dampers against near-field earthquakes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bitaraf, Maryam; Ozbulut, Osman E.; Hurlebaus, Stefan

2010-04-01

This paper investigates the effectiveness of two adaptive control strategies for modulating control force of piezoelectric friction dampers (PFDs) that are employed as semi-active devices in combination with laminated rubber bearings for seismic protection of buildings. The first controller developed in this study is a direct adaptive fuzzy logic controller. It consists of an upper-level and a sub-level direct fuzzy controller. In the hierarchical control scheme, higher-level controller modifies universe of discourse of both premise and consequent variables of the sub-level controller using scaling factors in order to determine command voltage of the damper according to current level of ground motion. The sub-level fuzzy controller employs isolation displacement and velocity as its premise variables and command voltage as its consequent variable. The second controller is based on the simple adaptive control (SAC) method, which is a type of direct adaptive control approach. The objective of the SAC method is to make the plant, the controlled system, track the behavior of the structure with the optimum performance. By using SAC strategy, any change in the characteristics of the structure or uncertainties in the modeling of the structure and in the external excitation would be considered because it continuously monitors its own performance to modify its parameters. Here, SAC methodology is employed to obtain the required force which results in the optimum performance of the structure. Then, the command voltage of the PFD is determined to generate the desired force. For comparison purposes, an optimal controller is also developed and considered in the simulations together with maximum passive operation of the friction damper. Time-history analyses of a base-isolated five-story building are performed to evaluate the performance of the controllers. Results reveal that developed adaptive controllers can successfully improve seismic response of the base-isolated buildings against various types of earthquakes.

HPV and cancer of the oral cavity.

PubMed

Hübbers, Christian U; Akgül, Baki

2015-01-01

Increased awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an etiological cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has increased the interest in analysis of distinct oral sub-sites. It is currently under debate, whether HPV plays a role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC). The weakness in most published studies is the lack of performing different HPV detection tests combined with analysis for biological activity of the virus. In addition, different sub-sites of the oral cavity had been combined to a single entity, which retrospectively leads to a highly heterogeneous basis of data. In this review we mainly discuss the unclear role of HPV in OSCC development.

[Mental health in physicians doing the rural and suburban health service in Peru: a baseline study].

PubMed

Galán-Rodas, Edén; Gálvez-Buccollini, Juan Antonio; Vega-Galdós, Favio; Osada, Jorge; Guerrero-Padilla, Daisy; Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann; Talledo, Lety; Catacora, Manuel; Fiestas, Fabián

2011-06-01

The disadvantageous conditions in which young physicians have to do their rural and sub-urban health service (SERUMS) may put them in a high risk for mental disorders. This study aims to establish the baseline levels of depression and alcohol use problems among those physicians scheduled to complete their SERUMS during the period 2011-2012. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were administered as screening tests to 493 physicians. Depression scores were met by 26% females and 14.5% males, and alcohol use problem scores were met by 22% females and 26% males. Overall, 39% persons scored for either of both mental health entities. Mental health problems seem to be common among young physicians scheduled to migrate to their SERUMS. These problems must be addressed to avoid greater risks.

Process mapping and the integration of care

PubMed Central

Santana, Silvina; Redondo, Patrícia

2011-01-01

Introduction The main objective of this work is to show how process mapping may contribute to the improvement of intra- and inter-organizational integration of care. Theory and methods Under logic of service integration, quality of care depends not only on how the internal processes are implemented, but also on the quality of the transitions of care with external entities. We conducted a case study on a health centre located in the Centre Region of Portugal. Data was collected during the first semester of 2009. Petri nets were used as a modeling tool. Results We mapped eleven processes involving a patient directly. The informality of many of the processes became evident. Activities are guided by formalisms imposed by law and by the good practices of professionals. Some processes are not normalized and represented in the computerized information system. The media most used to communicate with other entities are the phone and paper. Under the RNCCI (Rede Nacional de Cuidados Integrados e Continuados—National Network for Integrated Care), the information is all organized in an integrated manner, and the processes are support by a customized, nation-wide, web-based information system. However, this platform is not integrated with the other applications in use. Conclusions and discussion We have demonstrated the viability and the benefits of process mapping techniques in the context of a Health Centre. It allowed to identify and understand the ‘what’, ‘why’, ‘when’, ‘where’, ‘who’ of each process, sub-process, task and activity and to develop graphical views of the processes.

Quality, risk management and patient safety: the challenge of effective integration.

PubMed

França, Margarida

2008-01-01

Nowadays we observe the development of three waves of intervention and change within healthcare services: quality management, risk management and patient safety. The Patient Safety movement has been launched at international level as a consequence of the Institute of Medicine's report--To Err is Human, and today patient safety constitutes one basic dimension of health quality subjected to the direct intervention of supranational entities (WHO, EU) and Member States' Governments. The objective of this paper is to raise awareness about the value of quality improvement (QI) methodologies and tools to sustainable healthcare quality outcomes.

Posterior shoulder instability in the athletic population: Variations in assessment, clinical outcomes, and return to sport.

PubMed

DeLong, Jeffrey M; Bradley, James P

2015-12-18

Posterior instability of the shoulder is becoming an increasingly recognized shoulder injury in the athletic population. Diagnostic elements, such as etiology, directionality, and degree of instability are essential factors to assess in the unstable athletic shoulder. Concomitant injuries and associated pathologic lesions continue to be a significant challenge in the surgical management of posterior shoulder instability. Return to sport and previous level of play is ultimately the goal for every committed athlete and surgeon, thus subpopulations of athletes should be recognized as distinct entities requiring unique diagnostic, functional outcome measures, and surgical approaches.

Using network science in the language sciences and clinic.

PubMed

Vitevitch, Michael S; Castro, Nichol

2015-02-01

A number of variables—word frequency, word length—have long been known to influence language processing. This study briefly reviews the effects in speech perception and production of two more recently examined variables: phonotactic probability and neighbourhood density. It then describes a new approach to study language, network science, which is an interdisciplinary field drawing from mathematics, computer science, physics and other disciplines. In this approach, nodes represent individual entities in a system (i.e. phonological word-forms in the lexicon), links between nodes represent relationships between nodes (i.e. phonological neighbours) and various measures enable researchers to assess the micro-level (i.e. the individual word), the macro-level (i.e. characteristics about the whole system) and the meso-level (i.e. how an individual fits into smaller sub-groups in the larger system). Although research on individual lexical characteristics such as word-frequency has increased understanding of language processing, these measures only assess the "micro-level". Using network science, researchers can examine words at various levels in the system and how each word relates to the many other words stored in the lexicon. Several new findings using the network science approach are summarized to illustrate how this approach can be used to advance basic research as well as clinical practice.

Using network science in the language sciences and clinic

PubMed Central

Vitevitch, Michael S.; Castro, Nichol

2017-01-01

A number of variables—word frequency, word length—have long been known to influence language processing. We briefly review the effects in speech perception and production of two more recently examined variables: phonotactic probability and neighborhood density. We then describe a new approach to study language, network science, which is an interdisciplinary field drawing from mathematics, computer science, physics, and other disciplines. In this approach, nodes represent individual entities in a system (i.e., phonological word-forms in the lexicon), links between nodes represent relationships between nodes (i.e., phonological neighbors), and various measures enable researchers to assess the micro-level (i.e., the individual word), the macro-level (i.e., characteristics about the whole system), and the meso-level (i.e., how an individual fits into smaller sub-groups in the larger system). Although research on individual lexical characteristics such as word-frequency has increased our understanding of language processing, these measures only assess the “micro-level.” Using network science, researchers can examine words at various levels in the system, and how each word relates to the many other words stored in the lexicon. Several new findings using the network science approach are summarized to illustrate how this approach can be used to advance basic research as well as clinical practice. PMID:25539473

Empowering adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa to prevent unintended pregnancy and HIV: A critical research gap.

PubMed

Phillips, Sharon J; Mbizvo, Michael T

2016-01-01

The need to prevent early pregnancy and HIV among adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa has been recognized increasingly over recent years. Although extensive work has been done to determine appropriate interventions for girls in high-income countries, very little evidence is available to guide programmatic interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The available evidence has been equivocal regarding improved outcomes. While knowledge and self-reported behaviors frequently change with interventions, including those performed at the community level, educational programs, and direct contraceptive provision, downstream outcomes rarely reflect a significant effect of the interventions; however, provision of financial or other interventions to incentivize continued school enrollment are a promising development. We suggest directions for future research to fill this critical gap in the literature. Copyright © 2015 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interactions in ion pairs of protic ionic liquids: Comparison with aprotic ionic liquids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tsuzuki, Seiji, E-mail: s.tsuzuki@aist.go.jp; Shinoda, Wataru; Miran, Md. Shah

2013-11-07

The stabilization energies for the formation (E{sub form}) of 11 ion pairs of protic and aprotic ionic liquids were studied by MP2/6-311G{sup **} level ab initio calculations to elucidate the difference between the interactions of ions in protic ionic liquids and those in aprotic ionic liquids. The interactions in the ion pairs of protic ionic liquids (diethylmethylammonium [dema] and dimethylpropylammonium [dmpa] based ionic liquids) are stronger than those of aprotic ionic liquids (ethyltrimethylammonium [etma] based ionic liquids). The E{sub form} for the [dema][CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}] and [dmpa][CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}] complexes (−95.6 and −96.4 kcal/mol, respectively) are significantly larger (more negative)more » than that for the [etma][CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}] complex (−81.0 kcal/mol). The same trend was observed for the calculations of ion pairs of the three cations with the Cl{sup −}, BF{sub 4}{sup −}, TFSA{sup −} anions. The anion has contact with the N–H bond of the dema{sup +} or dmpa{sup +} cations in the most stable geometries of the dema{sup +} and dmpa{sup +} complexes. The optimized geometries, in which the anions locate on the counter side of the cations, are 11.0–18.0 kcal/mol less stable, which shows that the interactions in the ions pairs of protic ionic liquids have strong directionality. The E{sub form} for the less stable geometries for the dema{sup +} and dmpa{sup +} complexes are close to those for the most stable etma{sup +} complexes. The electrostatic interaction, which is the major source of the attraction in the ion pairs, is responsible for the directionality of the interactions and determining the magnitude of the interaction energy. Molecular dynamic simulations of the [dema][TFSA] and [dmpa][TFSA] ionic liquids show that the N–H bonds of the cations have contact with the negatively charged (oxygen and nitrogen) atoms of TFSA{sup −} anion, while the strong directionality of the interactions was not suggested from the simulation of the [etma][CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}] ionic liquid.« less

Molecular sieve sensors for selective detection at the nanogram level

DOEpatents

Bein, Thomas; Brown, Kelly D.; Frye, Gregory C.; Brinker, Charles J.

1992-01-01

The invention relates to a selective chemical sensor for selective detection of chemical entities even at the nanogram level. The invention further relates to methods of using the sensor. The sensor comprises: (a) a piezoelectric substrate capable of detecting mass changes resulting from adsorption of material thereon; and (b) a coating applied to the substrate, which selectively sorbs chemical entities of a size smaller than a preselected magnitude.

Antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic and toxicity profile of ENV-2: A potent pyrazole derivative against diabetes and related diseases.

PubMed

Hernández-Vázquez, Eduardo; Ocampo-Montalban, Hugo; Cerón-Romero, Litzia; Cruz, Miguel; Gómez-Zamudio, Jaime; Hiriart-Valencia, Guadalupe; Villalobos-Molina, Rafael; Flores-Flores, Angelica; Estrada-Soto, Samuel

2017-05-15

Diabetes is a major health problem and a predisposition factor for further degenerative complications and, therefore, novel therapies are urgently needed. Currently, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB 1 receptor) antagonists have been considered as promissory entities for metabolic disorders treatment. Accordingly, the purpose of this work was the evaluation of the sub-acute antidiabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic and toxicological profile of ENV-2, a potent hypoglycemic and antioxidant CB 1 receptor antagonist. In this study, ENV-2 showed a pronounced anti-hyperglycemic effect even at a dose of 5mg/kg (P<0.05) in a glucose tolerance test on normoglycemic rats. Moreover, after administration of ENV-2 (16mg/kg) to diabetic rats, a prominent antidiabetic activity was observed (P<0.05), which was higher than glibenclamide. Sub-acute treatment (10 days) of ENV-2 resulted in a significant reduction of plasma glucose (P<0.05). Also, the levels of peripheral lipids were improved; blood triacylglycerols (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) were diminished (P<0.05). In addition, it was found that ENV-2 reduced IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression in adipose tissue (P<0.05). Due to the satisfactory outcomes, we were interested in evaluating the toxicity of ENV-2 in both acute and sub-chronic approaches. Regarding the acute administration, the compound resulted to be non-toxic and was grouped in category 5 according to OECD. It was also found that sub-chronic administration did not increase the size of the studied organs, while no structural damage was observed in heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues. Finally, neither AST nor ALT damage hepatic markers were augmented. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

78 FR 11140 - BE-605: Quarterly Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States-Transactions of U.S...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-15

... BE-605: Quarterly Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States--Transactions of U.S... conducting the mandatory survey titled BE-605, Quarterly Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United... quarterly Form BE-605 is required from each U.S. business enterprise in which a foreign entity has a direct...

Robust small area estimation of poverty indicators using M-quantile approach (Case study: Sub-district level in Bogor district)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Girinoto, Sadik, Kusman; Indahwati

2017-03-01

The National Socio-Economic Survey samples are designed to produce estimates of parameters of planned domains (provinces and districts). The estimation of unplanned domains (sub-districts and villages) has its limitation to obtain reliable direct estimates. One of the possible solutions to overcome this problem is employing small area estimation techniques. The popular choice of small area estimation is based on linear mixed models. However, such models need strong distributional assumptions and do not easy allow for outlier-robust estimation. As an alternative approach for this purpose, M-quantile regression approach to small area estimation based on modeling specific M-quantile coefficients of conditional distribution of study variable given auxiliary covariates. It obtained outlier-robust estimation from influence function of M-estimator type and also no need strong distributional assumptions. In this paper, the aim of study is to estimate the poverty indicator at sub-district level in Bogor District-West Java using M-quantile models for small area estimation. Using data taken from National Socioeconomic Survey and Villages Potential Statistics, the results provide a detailed description of pattern of incidence and intensity of poverty within Bogor district. We also compare the results with direct estimates. The results showed the framework may be preferable when direct estimate having no incidence of poverty at all in the small area.

Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Activity Flow language Level 1 Version 1.2.

PubMed

Mi, Huaiyu; Schreiber, Falk; Moodie, Stuart; Czauderna, Tobias; Demir, Emek; Haw, Robin; Luna, Augustin; Le Novère, Nicolas; Sorokin, Anatoly; Villéger, Alice

2015-09-04

The Systems Biological Graphical Notation (SBGN) is an international community effort for standardized graphical representations of biological pathways and networks. The goal of SBGN is to provide unambiguous pathway and network maps for readers with different scientific backgrounds as well as to support efficient and accurate exchange of biological knowledge between different research communities, industry, and other players in systems biology. Three SBGN languages, Process Description (PD), Entity Relationship (ER) and Activity Flow (AF), allow for the representation of different aspects of biological and biochemical systems at different levels of detail. The SBGN Activity Flow language represents the influences of activities among various entities within a network. Unlike SBGN PD and ER that focus on the entities and their relationships with others, SBGN AF puts the emphasis on the functions (or activities) performed by the entities, and their effects to the functions of the same or other entities. The nodes (elements) describe the biological activities of the entities, such as protein kinase activity, binding activity or receptor activity, which can be easily mapped to Gene Ontology molecular function terms. The edges (connections) provide descriptions of relationships (or influences) between the activities, e.g., positive influence and negative influence. Among all three languages of SBGN, AF is the closest to signaling pathways in biological literature and textbooks, but its well-defined semantics offer a superior precision in expressing biological knowledge.

The role of joint ventures in bridging the gap between research and management

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

No single entity can effectively address conservation planning and actions for migratory bird species that move across continents annually to fulfill their habitat needs. Successful landscape-level conservation requires cooperation and coordination of efforts among individual conservation entities....

The Special Sensor Microwave Imager Wind Dataset: A Source of Quantitative Information for the Ocean-to-Land Advection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Otterman, J.; Ardizzone, J.; Atlas, R.; Demaree, G.; Huth, R.; Jaagus, J.; Koslowsky, D.; Przybylak, R.; Wos, A.; Atlas, Robert (Technical Monitor)

1999-01-01

It is well recognized that advection from the North Atlantic has a profound effect on the climatic conditions in central Europe. A new dataset of the ocean-surface winds, derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager, SSM/1, is now available. This satellite instrument measures the wind speed, but not the direction. However, variational analysis developed at the Data Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, by combining the SSM/I measurements with wind vectors measured from ships, etc., produced global maps of the ocean surface winds suitable for climate analysis. From this SSM/I dataset, a specific index I(sub na) of the North Atlantic surface winds has been developed, which pertinently quantifies the low-level advection into central Europe. For a selected time-period, the index I(sub na) reports the average of the amplitude of the wind, averaging only the speed when the direction is from the southwest (when the wind is from another direction, the contribution counts to the average as zero speed). Strong correlations were found between February I(sub na) and the surface air temperatures in Europe 50-60 deg N. In the present study, we present the correlations between I(sub na) and temperature I(sub s), and also the sensitivity of T(sub s), to an increase in I(sub na), in various seasons and various regions. We specifically analyze the flow of maritime-air from the North Atlantic that produced two extraordinary warm periods: February 1990, and early-winter 2000/2001. The very cold December 2001 was clearly due to a northerly flow. Our conclusion is that the SSM/I dataset is very useful for providing insight to the forcing of climatic fluctuations in Europe.

Major and minor oxide and trace element determination in silicate rocks by direct current plasma optical emission echelle spectrometry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bankston, D.C.; Humphris, S.E.; Thompson, G.

1979-07-01

A technique for the determination of major concentrations of SiO/sub 2/, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/, MgO, CaO, Na/sub 2/O, and K/sub 2/O, minor levels of TiO/sub 2/, P/sub 2/O/sub 5/, and MnO, and trace concentrations of Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sr, V, and Zn, in semi-microsamples 200 mg) of powdered whole rock, is described. Chemically diverse standard reference rocks are used both for calibration and assessment of accuracy. A lithium metaborate fusion melt of each standard or sample is dissolved in dilute HNO/sub 3/ containing Cs/sup +/ at a level of 0.2% (w/v). The resulting solution is usedmore » to perform all analyses except those for Na/sub 2/O and K/sub 2/O, which are determined in a portion of the original sample solution wherein the Cs/sup +/ concentration has been raised to 0.32% (w/v). Analyses of both portions of each sample solution are performed using an optical emission spectrometer/spectrograph equipped with an echelle monochromator and a dc argon plasma excitation source. Trace element detection limits ranged from 2 ppM for Cu to 15 ppM for Zn. A study of precision based on replicate determinations in three splits of the proposed USGS reference basalt BHVO-1 yielded the following results: (1) For analyses of the major and minor oxide constituents, values of the percent relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 1 for CaO, to 21 for P/sub 2/O/sub 5/. 2) For trace element determinations, values of the RSD ranged from 2 for Cu, to 19 for Zn. 2 figures, 11 tables.« less

Copernicus observational searches for OH and H/sub 2/O in diffuse clouds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, W.H.; Snow, T.P. Jr.

1979-03-01

An intensive search for OH and H/sub 2/O in the directions of sigma Sco, ..cap alpha.. Cam, and omicron Per was undertaken with the Copernicus satellite. Multiple scans were carried out over the wavelength region for the expected absorption features due to the OH D--X and H/sub 2/O C--X transitions. The feature due to OH was possibly detected toward sigma Sco, and only an upper limit can be given toward ..cap alpha.. Cam. H/sub 2/O was not detected in any of the stars at the signal level accumulated. The OH abundance toward sigma Sco and the respective lower limits formore » the OH/H/sub 2/O ratios are discussed with regard to the extant models for the steady-state abundances of OH and H/sub 2/O, and shown not to be inconsistent with ion-molecule schemes.« less

In vivo and in vitro toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on small intestine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tassinari, Roberta; La Rocca, Cinzia; Tait, Sabrina

2015-06-23

In European Union, titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}) as bulk material is a food additive (E171) and - as nanoparticle (NP) - is used as a white pigment in several products (e.g. food, cosmetics, drugs). E171 contains approximately 36% of particles less than 100 nm in at least one dimension and TiO{sub 2} NP exposure is estimated fairly below 2.5 mg/person/day. The gastrointestinal tract is a route of entry for NPs, thus representing a potential target of effects. In in vivo study, the effects of TiO{sub 2} NP in adult rat small intestine have been evaluated by oral administration of 0 (CTRL), 1more » and 2 mg/kg body weight per day - relevant to human dietary intake. Detailed quali/quantitative histopathological analyses were performed on CTRL and treated rat samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed on small intestine. An in vitro study on Caco-2 cells was also used in order to evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects directly on enterocytes through the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Suspensions of TiO{sub 2} NPs for in vitro and in vivo study were characterized by EM. Histomorphometrical data showed treatment-related changes of villus height and widths in male rats. Significantly different from CTRL decreased LDH levels in the medium were detected in vitro at 24h with 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µg/cm{sup 2} levels of TiO{sub 2} NPs. SEM analysis showed no damaged areas. Overall the results showed that enterocytes may represent a target of TiO{sub 2} NP toxicity by direct exposure both in vivo and in vitro models.« less

Increased levels of ethane, a non-invasive, quantitative, direct marker of n-3 lipid peroxidation, in the breath of patients with schizophrenia.

PubMed

Puri, Basant K; Ross, Brian M; Treasaden, Ian H

2008-04-01

This study directly assessed whether there was a change in the level of exhaled ethane, which provides a non-invasive, quantitative, direct measure of n-3 lipid peroxidation, in the breath of patients with schizophrenia. Samples of alveolar air were obtained from 20 subjects with schizophrenia and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. The air samples were analyzed for ethane using mass spectrometry. The mean level of ethane in the schizophrenia sample [5.15 (S.E. 0.56) ppb] was significantly higher than that of the healthy controls [2.63 (S.E. 0.31) ppb; p<0.0005]. A further sub-analysis showed that nicotine dependence was unlikely to be the cause of this difference. These results suggest that the measurement of exhaled ethane levels may offer a non-invasive direct biomarker of increased n-3 lipid peroxidation in schizophrenia.

Parallel computing in enterprise modeling.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldsby, Michael E.; Armstrong, Robert C.; Shneider, Max S.

2008-08-01

This report presents the results of our efforts to apply high-performance computing to entity-based simulations with a multi-use plugin for parallel computing. We use the term 'Entity-based simulation' to describe a class of simulation which includes both discrete event simulation and agent based simulation. What simulations of this class share, and what differs from more traditional models, is that the result sought is emergent from a large number of contributing entities. Logistic, economic and social simulations are members of this class where things or people are organized or self-organize to produce a solution. Entity-based problems never have an a priorimore » ergodic principle that will greatly simplify calculations. Because the results of entity-based simulations can only be realized at scale, scalable computing is de rigueur for large problems. Having said that, the absence of a spatial organizing principal makes the decomposition of the problem onto processors problematic. In addition, practitioners in this domain commonly use the Java programming language which presents its own problems in a high-performance setting. The plugin we have developed, called the Parallel Particle Data Model, overcomes both of these obstacles and is now being used by two Sandia frameworks: the Decision Analysis Center, and the Seldon social simulation facility. While the ability to engage U.S.-sized problems is now available to the Decision Analysis Center, this plugin is central to the success of Seldon. Because Seldon relies on computationally intensive cognitive sub-models, this work is necessary to achieve the scale necessary for realistic results. With the recent upheavals in the financial markets, and the inscrutability of terrorist activity, this simulation domain will likely need a capability with ever greater fidelity. High-performance computing will play an important part in enabling that greater fidelity.« less

48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

48 CFR 9.403 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...— Affiliates. Business concerns, organizations, or individuals are affiliates of each other if, directly or... management or ownership, identity of interests among family members, shared facilities and equipment, common.... Contractor means any individual or other legal entity that— (1) Directly or indirectly (e.g., through an...

Clinical Ethics in Gabon: The Spectrum of Clinical Ethical Issues Based on Findings from In-Depth Interviews at Three Public Hospitals.

PubMed

Sippel, Daniel; Marckmann, Georg; Ndzie Atangana, Etienne; Strech, Daniel

2015-01-01

Unlike issues in biomedical research ethics, ethical challenges arising in daily clinical care in Sub-Saharan African countries have not yet been studied in a systematic manner. However this has to be seen as a distinct entity as we argue in this paper. Our aim was to give an overview of the spectrum of clinical ethical issues and to understand what influences clinical ethics in the Sub-Saharan country of Gabon. In-depth interviews with 18 health care professionals were conducted at three hospital sites in Gabon. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach (open and axial coding), giving a qualitative spectrum of categories for clinical ethical issues. Validity was checked at a meeting with study participants and other health care experts in Gabon after analysis of the data. Twelve main categories (with 28 further-specified subcategories) for clinical ethical issues were identified and grouped under three core categories: A) micro level: "confidentiality and information", "interpersonal, relational and behavioral issues", "psychological strain of individuals", and "scarce resources"; B) meso level: "structural issues of medical institutions", "issues with private clinics", "challenges connected to the family", and "issues of education, training and competence"; and C) macro level: "influence of society, culture, religion and superstition", "applicability of western medicine", "structural issues on the political level", and "legal issues". Interviewees reported a broad spectrum of clinical ethical issues that go beyond challenges related to scarce financial and human resources. Specific socio-cultural, historical and educational backgrounds also played an important role. In fact these influences are central to an understanding of clinical ethics in the studied local context. Further research in the region is necessary to put our study into perspective. As many participants reported a lack of awareness of ethical issues amongst other health care professionals in daily clinical practice, we suggest that international organizations and national medical schools should consider infrastructure and tools to improve context-sensitive capacity building in clinical ethics for Sub-Saharan African countries like Gabon.

Heparan sulfate niche for cell proliferation in the adult brain.

PubMed

Mercier, Frederic; Arikawa-Hirasawa, Eri

2012-02-29

In adulthood, new neurons and glial cells are generated from stem cells in restricted zones of the brain, namely the olfactory bulb (OB), rostral migratory stream (RMS), subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle, sub-callosum zone (SCZ) and sub-granular layer (SGL) of the dentate gyrus. What makes these zones germinal? We previously reported that N-sulfated heparan sulfates (N-sulfated HS) present in specialized extracellular matrix structures (fractones) and vascular basement membranes bind the neurogenic factor FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor-2) next to stem cells in the anterior SVZ of the lateral ventricle, the most neurogenic zone in adulthood. To determine to which extent cell proliferation is associated with N-sulfated HS, we mapped N-sulfated HS and proliferating cells by immunohistochemistry throughout the adult mouse brain. We found that cell proliferation is associated with N-sulfated HS in the OB, RMS, the whole germinal SVZ, and the SCZ. Cell proliferation was weakly associated with N-sulfated HS in the SGL, but the SGL was directly connected to a sub-cortical N-sulfated HS+ extension of the meninges. The NS-sulfated HS+ structures were blood vessels in the OB, RMS and SCZ, and primarily fractones in the SVZ. N-sulfated HS+ fractones, blood vessels and meninges formed a continuum that coursed along the OB, SVZ, RMS, SCZ and SGL, challenging the view that these structures are independent germinal entities. These results support the possibility that a single anatomical system might be globally responsible for mitogenesis and ultimately the production of new neurons and glial cells in the adult brain. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Factors affecting the formation of sub-downtowns in various metropolitan areas around the world

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhukovsky, Roman; Pomorov, Sergey

2017-01-01

The paper is aimed at investigating and compiling systematic knowledge about the factors affecting formation and specificity of urban sub-downtowns (sub-centers). Sub-downtowns are autonomous territories, identical to the downtown and located within one metropolitan area with downtown. Objects corresponding to the concepts of "Edge City", "Edgeless City", "Secondary Business District", "Mixed-Use Development" were investigated as sub-downtowns. Terrestrial and satellite images, as well as functional zoning data of more than 250 metropolitan areas in all world's regions were explored. A special form of sub-downtowns characterized by direct commercial corridor connection with central business district was found and defined as "Total Business District" concept. Eight metropolitan area types were distinguished based on sub-downtown development level criterion. These types were found to have significant relation to the specific world regions. Sub-downtowns are more frequent and diverse in countries with higher level, pace and liberalization of economic development, as well as with higher motorization rate. The closer to the coast or state border the metropolitan area is, the more likely sub-downtowns within it will be developed. In the context of continental, desert, tropical, northern maritime climates sub-downtowns are less common than in subtropical, temperate and Mediterranean or Polynesian climates. In most cases, clustered (not just corridor-like) sub-downtowns are likely to be found in metropolitan areas with a population of more than 1.5-3.5 million people, depending on the geographic region of the world. The research results can improve forecasting the development and master planning of sub-downtowns in specific metropolitan areas.

Perception of Animacy from the Motion of a Single Sound Object.

PubMed

Nielsen, Rasmus Høll; Vuust, Peter; Wallentin, Mikkel

2015-02-01

Research in the visual modality has shown that the presence of certain dynamics in the motion of an object has a strong effect on whether or not the entity is perceived as animate. Cues for animacy are, among others, self-propelled motion and direction changes that are seemingly not caused by entities external to, or in direct contact with, the moving object. The present study aimed to extend this research into the auditory domain by determining if similar dynamics could influence the perceived animacy of a sound source. In two experiments, participants were presented with single, synthetically generated 'mosquito' sounds moving along trajectories in space, and asked to rate how certain they were that each sound-emitting entity was alive. At a random point on a linear motion trajectory, the sound source would deviate from its initial path and speed. Results confirm findings from the visual domain that a change in the velocity of motion is positively correlated with perceived animacy, and changes in direction were found to influence animacy judgment as well. This suggests that an ability to facilitate and sustain self-movement is perceived as a living quality not only in the visual domain, but in the auditory domain as well. © 2015 SAGE Publications.

Future directions for H sub x O sub y detection, executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

New methods for the measurement of OH radicals were assessed as were currently available and possible future methods for the other H sub x O sub y species, HO2 and H2O2. The workshop participants were invited from different groups: modelers of atmospheric photochemistry, experimentalists measuring H sub x O y species with laser and nonlaser methods, and chemists and physicists familiar with such experiments but not involved in atmospheric monitoring. There were three major conclusions from the workshop concerning the OH radical. First, it was felt that local measurements made by laser techniques would be ready within 2 or 3 years to furnish reliable measurements at the level of 1,000,000 cu. cm. Second, measurements at this level of sensitivity and with attainable levels of precision could indeed be used to make useful and interesting tests of the fast photochemistry of the troposphere. It is important, however, that the measurements be carefully designed, with respect to spatial and temporal averaging, if there is to be a meaningful comparison between results from two experimental methods or a measurement and a model. Third, nonlocal measurements using released reactants and tracers would also be very useful. These could be made on a regional or global basis, although they still require experimental design including choice of compounds.

A meta-analysis of HLA peptidome composition in different hematological entities: entity-specific dividing lines and “pan-leukemia” antigens

PubMed Central

Walz, Simon; Schuster, Heiko; Berlin, Claudia; Neidert, Marian Christoph; Schemionek, Mirle; Brümmendorf, Tim H.; Vucinic, Vladan; Niederwieser, Dietger; Kanz, Lothar; Salih, Helmut Rainer; Kohlbacher, Oliver; Weisel, Katja; Rammensee, Hans-Georg; Stevanović, Stefan; Walz, Juliane Sarah

2017-01-01

Hematological malignancies (HM) are highly amenable targets for immunotherapeutic intervention and may be effectively treated by antigen-specific T-cell based treatment. Recent studies demonstrate that physiologically occurring anti-cancer T-cell responses in certain HM entities target broadly presented non-mutated epitopes. HLA ligands are thus implied as prime targets for broadly applicable and antigen-specific off-the-shelf compounds. With the aim of assessing the presence of common targets shared among different HM which may enable addressing a larger patient collective we conducted a meta-analysis of 83 mass spectrometry-based HLA peptidome datasets (comprising 40,361 unique peptide identifications) across four major HM (19 AML, 16 CML, 35 CLL, and 13 MM/MCL samples) and investigated similarities and differences within the HLA presented antigenic landscape. We found the cancer HLA peptidome datasets to cluster specifically along entity and lineage lines, suggesting that the immunopeptidome directly reflects the differences in the underlying (tumor-)biology. In line with these findings, we only detected a small set of entity-spanning antigens, which were predominantly characterized by low presentation frequencies within the different patient cohorts. These findings suggest that design of T-cell immunotherapies for the treatment of HM should ideally be conducted in an entity-specific fashion. PMID:28159928

Exploration Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Levels and Ultrasound Measures of the Eye During ISS Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, M.; Mason, S.; Schaefer, C.; Wear, M. L.; Sargsyan, A.; Garcia, K.; Coble, C.; Gruschkus, S.; Law, J.; Alexander, D.;

Position, Location, Place and Area: AN Indoor Perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sithole, George; Zlatanova, Sisi

2016-06-01

Over the last decade, harnessing the commercial potential of smart mobile devices in indoor environments has spurred interest in indoor mapping and navigation. Users experience indoor environments differently. For this reason navigational models have to be designed to adapt to a user's personality, and to reflect as many cognitive maps as possible. This paper presents an extension of a previously proposed framework. In this extension the notion of placement is accounted for, thereby enabling one aspect of the `personalised indoor experience'. In the paper, firstly referential expressions are used as a tool to discuss the different ways of thinking of placement within indoor spaces. Next, placement is expressed in terms of the concept of Position, Location, Place and Area. Finally, the previously proposed framework is extended to include these concepts of placement. An example is provided of the use of the extended framework. Notable characteristics of the framework are: (1) Sub-spaces, resources and agents can simultaneously possess different types of placement, e.g., a person in a room can have an xyz position and a location defined by the room number. While these entities can simultaneously have different forms of placement, only one is dominant. (2) Sub-spaces, resources and agents are capable of possessing modifiers that alter their access and usage. (3) Sub-spaces inherit the modifiers of the resources or agents contained in them. (4) Unlike conventional navigational models which treat resources and obstacles as different types of entities, in the proposed framework there are only resources and whether a resource is an obstacle is determined by a modifier that determines whether a user can access the resource. The power of the framework is that it blends the geometry and topology of space, the influence of human activity within sub-spaces together with the different notions of placement in a way that is simple and yet very flexible.

Regional Inequalities in Lung Cancer Mortality in Belgium at the Beginning of the 21st Century: The Contribution of Individual and Area-Level Socioeconomic Status and Industrial Exposure.

PubMed

Hagedoorn, Paulien; Vandenheede, Hadewijch; Willaert, Didier; Vanthomme, Katrien; Gadeyne, Sylvie

2016-01-01

Being a highly industrialized country with one of the highest male lung cancer mortality rates in Europe, Belgium is an interesting study area for lung cancer research. This study investigates geographical patterns in lung cancer mortality in Belgium. More specifically it probes into the contribution of individual as well as area-level characteristics to (sub-district patterns in) lung cancer mortality. Data from the 2001 census linked to register data from 2001-2011 are used, selecting all Belgian inhabitants aged 65+ at time of the census. Individual characteristics include education, housing status and home ownership. Urbanicity, unemployment rate, the percentage employed in mining and the percentage employed in other high-risk industries are included as sub-district characteristics. Regional variation in lung cancer mortality at sub-district level is estimated using directly age-standardized mortality rates. The association between lung cancer mortality and individual and area characteristics, and their impact on the variation of sub-district level is estimated using multilevel Poisson models. Significant sub-district variations in lung cancer mortality are observed. Individual characteristics explain a small share of this variation, while a large share is explained by sub-district characteristics. Individuals with a low socioeconomic status experience a higher lung cancer mortality risk. Among women, an association with lung cancer mortality is found for the sub-district characteristics urbanicity and unemployment rate, while for men lung cancer mortality was associated with the percentage employed in mining. Not just individual characteristics, but also area characteristics are thus important determinants of (regional differences in) lung cancer mortality.

Comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dooley, James H.; Lanning, David N.

A process of comminution of wood chips (C) having a grain direction to produce a mixture of wood particles (P), wherein the wood chips are characterized by an average length dimension (L.sub.C) as measured substantially parallel to the grain, an average width dimension (W.sub.C) as measured normal to L.sub.C and aligned cross grain, and an average height dimension (H.sub.C) as measured normal to W.sub.C and L.sub.C, wherein W.sub.C>L.sub.C, and wherein the comminution process comprises the step of feeding the wood chips in a direction of travel substantially randomly to the grain direction through a counter rotating pair of intermeshing arraysmore » of cutting discs (D) arrayed axially perpendicular to the direction of wood chip travel, wherein the cutting discs have a uniform thickness (T.sub.D), and wherein at least one of L.sub.C, W.sub.C, and H.sub.C is less than T.sub.D.« less

Comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dooley, James H; Lanning, David N

A process of comminution of wood chips (C) having a grain direction to produce a mixture of wood particles (P), wherein the wood chips are characterized by an average length dimension (L.sub.C) as measured substantially parallel to the grain, an average width dimension (W.sub.C) as measured normal to L.sub.C and aligned cross grain, and an average height dimension (H.sub.C) as measured normal to W.sub.C and L.sub.C, and wherein the comminution process comprises the step of feeding the wood chips in a direction of travel substantially randomly to the grain direction through a counter rotating pair of intermeshing arrays of cuttingmore » discs (D) arrayed axially perpendicular to the direction of wood chip travel, wherein the cutting discs have a uniform thickness (T.sub.D), and wherein at least one of L.sub.C, W.sub.C, and H.sub.C is greater than T.sub.D.« less

Relationships among person-centered care, nursing home adjustment, and life satisfaction: a cross-sectional survey study.

PubMed

Yoon, Ju Young

2018-04-02

ABSTRACTBackground:The purpose of this study was to examine whether a perceived person-centered nursing home environment has a direct relationship with nursing home adjustment and life satisfaction, and whether a perceived person-centered nursing home environment has an indirect relationship with life satisfaction through improved nursing home adjustment. 203 nursing home residents who were able to read and speak English and were physically and cognitively able to respond to questionnaires were included in this study. Data were collected from six nursing homes in the Midwestern US. Higher levels of a perceived person-centered nursing home environment had a significantly direct relationship with increased life satisfaction of residents (β = 0.35), and this relationship was mediated by residents' improved nursing home adjustment (β = 0.10). In-depth exploration using sub-domains of the main variables demonstrated that "safety" and "everydayness" of a person-centered nursing home environment were directly related to higher levels of life satisfaction (β = 0.15 and β = 0.16, respectively); and "everydayness" was related to three sub-domains of nursing home adjustment: better "relationship development," "acceptance of the new residence" (β = 0.32 and β = 0.24, respectively), and lower "depressed mood" (β = 0.05). The positive relationship between "everydayness" and life satisfaction was partially mediated by the "relationship development" sub-domain of nursing home adjustment (β = 0.07). The findings provide new evidence for the positive association between person-centered care and nursing home adjustment. The findings also provide insights into the mechanism through which the specific sub-domains of person-centered care and nursing home adjustment operate in the path model.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Humayun, Md Tanim; Paprotny, Igor, E-mail: paprotny@uic.edu; Divan, Ralu

Chemoresistive sensors based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with SnO{sub 2} nanocrystals (NCs) have great potential for detecting trace gases at low concentrations (single ppm levels) at room temperature, because the SnO{sub 2} nanocrystals act as active sites for the chemisorption of gas molecules, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) act as an excellent current carrying platform, allowing the adsorption of gas on SnO{sub 2} to modulate the resistance of the CNTs. However, uniform conjugation of SnO{sub 2} NCs with MWCNTs is challenging. An effective atomic layer deposition based approach to functionalize the surface of MWCNTs with SnO{sub 2} NCs, resultingmore » in a novel CH{sub 4} sensor with 10 ppm sensitivity, is presented in this paper. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were implemented to study the morphology, elemental composition, and the crystal quality of SnO{sub 2} functionalized MWCNTs. High resolution TEM images showed that the crystal quality of the functionalizing SnO{sub 2} NCs was of high quality with clear lattice fringes and the dimension almost three times smaller than shown thus far in literature. A lift-off based photolithography technique comprising bilayer photoresists was optimized to fabricate SnO{sub 2} functionalized MWCNTs-based chemoresistor sensor, which at room temperature can reliably sense below 10 ppm of CH{sub 4} in air. Such low level gas sensitivity, with significant reversible relative resistance change, is believed to be the direct result of the successful functionalization of the MWCNT surface by SnO{sub 2} NCs.« less

A systematic review of the literature of the three related disease entities cheilitis granulomatosa, orofacial granulomatosis and Melkersson - Rosenthal syndrome.

PubMed

Wehl, Goetz; Rauchenzauner, Markus

2018-05-14

Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology and comprises the triad: orofacial edema, recurrent facial paralysis and lingua plicata. In the current literature confusing heterogeneity exists, mixing together the historically grown terms cheilitis granulomatosa or granulomatous cheilitis, Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome and the umbrella term orofacial granulomatosis (OFG). We provide a systematic review comprising all three disease entities of orofacial granulomatosis using the computerized database "Pubmed Medline" entering the key words "orofacial granulomatosis" (141 references), "Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome" (207 references), "granulomatous cheilitis" or "cheilitis granulomatosa" (102 references) back to 1956. Full text journals and case studies were included, and data synthesis was performed individually. Etiology remains unclear for all three disease entities. Etiological relatedness to chronic inflammatory bowel disease is under discussion and effectiveness was found for different treatments, e.g. local triamcinolone injections, antibiotics, surgical interventions, TNF alpha blockers or exclusive enteral nutrition. No randomized controlled trial concerning the therapy of orofacial granulomatosis was found. As a consequence, therapeutic conclusions are drawn mainly from small case series, thus limiting the evidence of therapeutic interventions. OFG with the sub-entities MRS and cheilitis granulomatosa is an etiological obscure disease process with various possible therapeutic interventions potentially alleviating the disease course but to broaden treatment knowledge further study in randomized controlled trials are needed. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

[La(UO{sub 2})V{sub 2}O{sub 7}][(UO{sub 2})(VO{sub 4})] the first lanthanum uranyl-vanadate with structure built from two types of sheets based upon the uranophane anion-topology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mer, A.; Obbade, S.; Rivenet, M.

2012-01-15

The new lanthanum uranyl vanadate divanadate, [La(UO{sub 2})V{sub 2}O{sub 7}][(UO{sub 2})(VO{sub 4})] was obtained by reaction at 800 Degree-Sign C between lanthanum chloride, uranium oxide (U{sub 3}O{sub 8}) and vanadium oxide (V{sub 2}O{sub 5}) and the structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. This compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with space group P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1} and unit-cell parameters a=6.9470(2) A, b=7.0934(2) A, c=25.7464(6) A, V=1268.73(5) A{sup 3}, Z=4. A full matrix least-squares refinement yielded R{sub 1}=0.0219 for 5493 independent reflections. The crystal structure is characterized by the stacking of uranophane-type sheets {sup 2}{sub {infinity}}[(UO{sub 2})(VO{sub 4})]{sup -}more » and double layers {sup 2}{sub {infinity}}[La(UO{sub 2})(V{sub 2}O{sub 7})]{sup +} connected through La-O bonds involving the uranyl oxygen of the uranyl-vanadate sheets. The double layers result from the connection of two {sup 2}{sub {infinity}}[La(UO{sub 2})(VO{sub 4}){sub 2}]{sup -} sheets derived from the uranophane anion-topology by replacing half of the uranyl ions by lanthanum atoms and connected through the formation of divanadate entities. - Graphical abstract: A view of the three-dimensional structure of [La(UO{sub 2})V{sub 2}O{sub 7}][(UO{sub 2})(VO{sub 4})]. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New lanthanum uranyl vanadate divanadate has been synthesized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Structure is characterized by uranophane-type sheets and double layers {sup 2}{sub {infinity}}[La(UO{sub 2})(V{sub 2}O{sub 7})]{sup +}.« less

Apoptosis-mediated endothelial toxicity but not direct calcification or functional changes in anti-calcification proteins defines pathogenic effects of calcium phosphate bions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kutikhin, Anton G.; Velikanova, Elena A.; Mukhamadiyarov, Rinat A.; Glushkova, Tatiana V.; Borisov, Vadim V.; Matveeva, Vera G.; Antonova, Larisa V.; Filip'Ev, Dmitriy E.; Golovkin, Alexey S.; Shishkova, Daria K.; Burago, Andrey Yu.; Frolov, Alexey V.; Dolgov, Viktor Yu.; Efimova, Olga S.; Popova, Anna N.; Malysheva, Valentina Yu.; Vladimirov, Alexandr A.; Sozinov, Sergey A.; Ismagilov, Zinfer R.; Russakov, Dmitriy M.; Lomzov, Alexander A.; Pyshnyi, Dmitriy V.; Gutakovsky, Anton K.; Zhivodkov, Yuriy A.; Demidov, Evgeniy A.; Peltek, Sergey E.; Dolganyuk, Viatcheslav F.; Babich, Olga O.; Grigoriev, Evgeniy V.; Brusina, Elena B.; Barbarash, Olga L.; Yuzhalin, Arseniy E.

2016-06-01

Calcium phosphate bions (CPB) are biomimetic mineralo-organic nanoparticles which represent a physiological mechanism regulating the function, transport and disposal of calcium and phosphorus in the human body. We hypothesised that CPB may be pathogenic entities and even a cause of cardiovascular calcification. Here we revealed that CPB isolated from calcified atherosclerotic plaques and artificially synthesised CPB are morphologically and chemically indistinguishable entities. Their formation is accelerated along with the increase in calcium salts-phosphates/serum concentration ratio. Experiments in vitro and in vivo showed that pathogenic effects of CPB are defined by apoptosis-mediated endothelial toxicity but not by direct tissue calcification or functional changes in anti-calcification proteins. Since the factors underlying the formation of CPB and their pathogenic mechanism closely resemble those responsible for atherosclerosis development, further research in this direction may help us to uncover triggers of this disease.

FY2011 Progress Report: Agreement 8697 - NOx Sensor Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woo, L Y; Glass, R S

Objectives are: (1) Develop an inexpensive, rapid-response, high-sensitivity and selective electrochemical sensor for oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) for compression-ignition, direct-injection (CIDI) OBD II systems; (2) Explore and characterize novel, effective sensing methodologies based on impedance measurements and designs and manufacturing methods that are compatible with mass fabrication; and (3) Collaborate with industry in order to (ultimately) transfer the technology to a supplier for commercialization. Approach used is: (1) Use an ionic (O{sup 2-}) conducting ceramic as a solid electrolyte and metal or metal-oxide electrodes; (2) Correlate NO{sub x} concentration with changes in cell impedance; (3) Evaluate sensing mechanisms andmore » aging effects on long-term performance using electrochemical techniques; and (4) Collaborate with Ford Research Center to optimize sensor performance and perform dynamometer and on-vehicle testing. Work in FY2011 focused on using an algorithm developed in FY2010 in a simplified strategy to demonstrate how data from controlled laboratory evaluation could be applied to data from real-world engine testing. The performance of a Au wire prototype sensor was evaluated in the laboratory with controlled gas compositions and in dynamometer testing with diesel exhaust. The laboratory evaluation indicated a nonlinear dependence of the NO{sub x} and O{sub 2} sensitivity with concentration. For both NO{sub x} and O{sub 2}, the prototype sensor had higher sensitivity at concentrations less than {approx}20 ppm and {approx}7%, respectively, compared to lower NO{sub x} and O{sub 2} sensitivity at concentrations greater than {approx}50 ppm and {approx}10.5%, respectively. Results in dynamometer diesel exhaust generally agreed with the laboratory results. Diesel exhaust after-treatment systems will likely require detection levels less than {approx}20 ppm in order to meet emission regulations. The relevant mathematical expressions for sensitivity in different concentration regimes obtained from bench-level laboratory evaluation were used to adjust the sensor signal in dynamometer testing. Both NO{sub x} and O{sub 2} exhibited non-linear responses over the concentration regimes examined (0-100 ppm for NO{sub x} and 4-7% for O{sub 2}). Adjusted sensor signals had better agreement with both a commercial NO{sub x} sensor and FTIR measurements. However, the lack of complete agreement indicated that it was not possible to completely account for the nonlinear sensor behavior in certain concentration regimes. The agreement at lower NO{sub x} levels (less than 20 ppm) was better than at higher levels (50-100 ppm). Other progress in FY2011 included dynamometer testing of sensors with imbedded heaters and protective housings that were mounted directly into the exhaust manifold. Advanced testing protocols were used to evaluate the sensors. These experiments confirmed the potential for sensor robustness and durability. Advanced material processing methods appropriate for mass manufacturing, such as sputtering, are also being evaluated. A major milestone for this past year was the licensing of the LLNL NO{sub x} sensor technology to EmiSense Technologies, LLC. EmiSense has extensive experience and resources for the development of emission control sensors. A CRADA is in development that will allow LLNL to work in partnership with EmiSense to bring the LLNL NO{sub x} sensor technology to commercialization. Ford Motor Company is also a partner in this effort.« less

Compulsive buying: an overlooked entity.

PubMed

Basu, Bishnupriya; Basu, Saikat; Basu, Jharna

2011-08-01

Compulsive buying is an under-recognised entity among Indian psychiatrists. A Medline search, hand searching of journals and direct communications with lead investigators in compulsive buying have generated numerous studies. Overseas data indicate a community prevalence between 1% and 8% . The phenomenon can be an independent entity or appears as a comorbidity with another axis I or axis II disorder. A degree of suspicion on part of clinician regarding its possible presence is the key to its detection. A few rating instruments are available to quantify the morbidity and screening for compulsive buying. Management involves pharmacotherapy with SSRIs, psychotherapy, self-help groups and self-help books. Epidemiological and clinical studies on compulsive buying should be undertaken by Indian psychiatrists to provide better services for people suffering from compulsive buying.

Direct observations of L-I-H and H-I-L transitions with the X-point reciprocating probe in ASDEX Upgrade

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Müller, S. H.; Conway, G. D.; Birkenmeier, G.

A reciprocating Langmuir probe was used to directly measure the behavior of turbulence and flows in the X-point region during transitions between low-(L) and high-confinement (H) mode in ASDEX Upgrade. The probe traverses the divertor horizontally in 140 ms, typically 2–5 cm below the X-point. Toroidal Mach number, density, floating potential (ϕ{sub f}), and electron temperature (T{sub e}) are measured. In the regime accessible to the probe (P{sub inj}<1.5 MW, line-integrated core density <4×10{sup 19} m{sup −2}), the L-H transition features an intermediate phase (I-phase), characterized by limit-cycle oscillations at 0.5–3 kHz [Conway et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 065001 (2011)]. The probe measurements revealmore » that this pulsing affects both the density and the toroidal Mach number. It is present in both the low-(LFS) and high-field sides (HFS) of the scrape-off layer, while high-amplitude broadband turbulence usually dominates the private-flux region. Profile comparisons between L-mode and I-phase show lower density in pulsing regions and small shifts in T{sub e}, directed oppositely on LFS and HFS, which are compensated by shifts in ϕ{sub f} to yield a surprisingly unchanged plasma potential profile. Directly observed L-I-phase transitions reveal that the onset of the pulsing is preceded by a fast 50% density drop in the HFS X-point region. Back transitions to L-mode occur essentially symmetrically, with the pulsing stopping first, followed by a fast recovery to L-mode density levels in the divertor.« less

San Francisco Bay Area CHARG: Coastal Hazards Adaptation Resiliency Group, a Multi-Jurisdictional Collaboration to Develop Innovative Regional Solutions to Address Sea Level Rise and Improve Shoreline Resiliency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saleh, R.

2017-12-01

For a challenge as complex and far-reaching as sea level rise and improving shoreline resiliency, strong partnerships between scientists, elected officials, decision-makers, and the general public are the only way that effective solutions can be developed. The San Francisco Bay, like many similar sheltered water coastal environments (for example, Galveston Bay, Tampa Bay, or Venetian Lagoon) offers a unique opportunity for multiple jurisdictions to collaborate to address sea level rise on a regional basis. For the San Francisco Bay, significant scientific progress has been made in building a real-time simulation model for riverine and Bay hydrodynamics. Other major scientific initiatives, such as morphology mapping, shoreline mapping, and a sediment budget are also underway. In 2014, leaders from the Bay Area science, engineering, planning, policy, elected, and regulatory communities representing jurisdictions around the Bay joined together to address sea level rise. The group includes people from local, regional, state, and federal agencies and organizations. Together, CHARG (Coastal Hazards Adaptation Resiliency Group) established a collective vision and approach to implementing regional solutions. Decision-makers within many Bay Area jurisdictions are motivated to show demonstrable progress toward addressing sea level rise. However, the cost to implement shoreline resiliency solutions will be very large, and must be founded on strong science.CHARG is now tackling several key technical challenges. One is to develop science-based guidelines for local jurisdictions to determine when a project is local, sub-regional, or regional. Concurrently, several organizations are planning or implementing pilot shoreline resiliency projects and other programs. Many creative regional solutions are possible in a sheltered water environment that simply would not be feasible along the open coast. By definition, these solutions cannot be undertaken by one entity alone. Large-scale regional solutions are only possible through the hard work and collaboration of many. This paper will offer insights into the process of collaboration, initiated by the scientific and engineering communities, to influence and help direct major decisions about shoreline resiliency.

12 CFR 1207.21 - Equal opportunity in employment and contracting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... MINORITY AND WOMEN INCLUSION Minority and Women Inclusion and Diversity at Regulated Entities and the... maximum extent possible in balance with financially safe and sound business practices, the inclusion and... direction of the officer immediately responsible for directing the Office of Minority and Women Inclusion...

12 CFR 1207.21 - Equal opportunity in employment and contracting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... MINORITY AND WOMEN INCLUSION Minority and Women Inclusion and Diversity at Regulated Entities and the... maximum extent possible in balance with financially safe and sound business practices, the inclusion and... direction of the officer immediately responsible for directing the Office of Minority and Women Inclusion...

12 CFR 1207.21 - Equal opportunity in employment and contracting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... OPERATIONS MINORITY AND WOMEN INCLUSION Minority and Women Inclusion and Diversity at Regulated Entities and... maximum extent possible in balance with financially safe and sound business practices, the inclusion and... direction of the officer immediately responsible for directing the Office of Minority and Women Inclusion...

5 CFR 3401.102 - Prohibited financial interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... companies; (2) Interstate oil pipelines; (3) Hydroelectric licensees or exemptees; (4) Public utilities; (5... having obtained an interconnection or wheeling order under part II of the Federal Power Act; (6... or indirectly, the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of an entity...

5 CFR 3401.102 - Prohibited financial interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... companies; (2) Interstate oil pipelines; (3) Hydroelectric licensees or exemptees; (4) Public utilities; (5... having obtained an interconnection or wheeling order under part II of the Federal Power Act; (6... or indirectly, the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of an entity...

5 CFR 3401.102 - Prohibited financial interests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... companies; (2) Interstate oil pipelines; (3) Hydroelectric licensees or exemptees; (4) Public utilities; (5... having obtained an interconnection or wheeling order under part II of the Federal Power Act; (6... or indirectly, the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of an entity...

75 FR 78980 - Application to Export Electric Energy; Direct Energy Marketing, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

... Marketing, Inc. AGENCY: Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, DOE. ACTION: Notice of Application. SUMMARY: Direct Energy Marketing, Inc. (DEMI) has applied to renew its authority to transmit..., Federal power marketing agencies, and other entities within the United States. The existing international...

49 CFR Appendix C to Part 37 - Certifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., including individuals who use wheelchairs, is equivalent to the level and quality of service offered to... (name of public entity (ies)) has conducted a survey of existing paratransit services as required by 49... is to certify that service provided by other entities but included in the ADA paratransit plan...

Knowledge environments representing molecular entities for the virtual physiological human.

PubMed

Hofmann-Apitius, Martin; Fluck, Juliane; Furlong, Laura; Fornes, Oriol; Kolárik, Corinna; Hanser, Susanne; Boeker, Martin; Schulz, Stefan; Sanz, Ferran; Klinger, Roman; Mevissen, Theo; Gattermayer, Tobias; Oliva, Baldo; Friedrich, Christoph M

2008-09-13

In essence, the virtual physiological human (VPH) is a multiscale representation of human physiology spanning from the molecular level via cellular processes and multicellular organization of tissues to complex organ function. The different scales of the VPH deal with different entities, relationships and processes, and in consequence the models used to describe and simulate biological functions vary significantly. Here, we describe methods and strategies to generate knowledge environments representing molecular entities that can be used for modelling the molecular scale of the VPH. Our strategy to generate knowledge environments representing molecular entities is based on the combination of information extraction from scientific text and the integration of information from biomolecular databases. We introduce @neuLink, a first prototype of an automatically generated, disease-specific knowledge environment combining biomolecular, chemical, genetic and medical information. Finally, we provide a perspective for the future implementation and use of knowledge environments representing molecular entities for the VPH.

10 CFR 470.13 - Program solicitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... simple application form for submitting a proposal for support under the program, together with... directly to interested individuals, entities, and associations thereof, to the maximum extent feasible. ...

Constraining the local variance of H {sub 0} from directional analyses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bengaly, C.A.P. Jr., E-mail: carlosap@on.br

We evaluate the local variance of the Hubble Constant H {sub 0} with low-z Type Ia Supernovae (SNe). Our analyses are performed using a hemispherical comparison method in order to test whether taking the bulk flow motion into account can reconcile the measurement of the Hubble Constant H {sub 0} from standard candles ( H {sub 0} = 73.8±2.4 km s{sup -1} Mpc {sup -1}) with that of the Planck's Cosmic Microwave Background data ( H {sub 0} = 67.8 ± 0.9km s{sup -1} Mpc{sup -1}). We obtain that H {sub 0} ranges from 68.9±0.5 km s{sup -1} Mpc{sup -1}more » to 71.2±0.7 km s{sup -1} Mpc{sup -1} through the celestial sphere (1 σ uncertainty), implying a Hubble Constant maximal variance of δ H {sub 0} = (2.30±0.86) km s{sup -1} Mpc{sup -1} towards the ( l,b ) = (315°,27°) direction. Interestingly, this result agrees with the bulk flow direction estimates found in the literature, as well as previous evaluations of the H {sub 0} variance due to the presence of nearby inhomogeneities. We assess the statistical significance of this result with different prescriptions of Monte Carlo simulations, obtaining moderate statistical significance, i.e., 68.7% confidence level (CL) for such variance. Furthermore, we test the hypothesis of a higher H {sub 0} value in the presence of a bulk flow velocity dipole, finding some evidence for this result which, however, cannot be claimed to be significant due to the current large uncertainty in the SNe distance modulus. Then, we conclude that the tension between different H {sub 0} determinations can plausibly be caused to the bulk flow motion of the local Universe, even though the current incompleteness of the SNe data set, both in terms of celestial coverage and distance uncertainties, does not allow a high statistical significance for these results or a definitive conclusion about this issue.« less

A continuous function model for path prediction of entities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nanda, S.; Pray, R.

2007-04-01

As militaries across the world continue to evolve, the roles of humans in various theatres of operation are being increasingly targeted by military planners for substitution with automation. Forward observation and direction of supporting arms to neutralize threats from dynamic adversaries is one such example. However, contemporary tracking and targeting systems are incapable of serving autonomously for they do not embody the sophisticated algorithms necessary to predict the future positions of adversaries with the accuracy offered by the cognitive and analytical abilities of human operators. The need for these systems to incorporate methods characterizing such intelligence is therefore compelling. In this paper, we present a novel technique to achieve this goal by modeling the path of an entity as a continuous polynomial function of multiple variables expressed as a Taylor series with a finite number of terms. We demonstrate the method for evaluating the coefficient of each term to define this function unambiguously for any given entity, and illustrate its use to determine the entity's position at any point in time in the future.

Future directions for H sub x O sub y detection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crosley, David R. (Editor); Hoell, James M. (Editor)

1986-01-01

The activities and recommendations of the NASA workshop on the Future Directions for H sub x O sub y detection are given. The objective of this workshop was to access future directions for the measurement of the OH radical as well as other H sub x O sub y species. The workshop discussions were focused by two broad questions: (1) What are the capabilities of potential measurement methods? and (2) Will the results from the most promising method be useful in furthering understanding of tropospheric chemistry?

Synthesis of increased-density bismuth-based superconductors with cold isostatic pressing and heat treating

DOEpatents

Lanagan, Michael T.; Picciolo, John J.; Dorris, Stephen E.

1997-01-01

The present invention is directed to a process for producing high temperature superconducting ceramic materials. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a process that enhances the densification of Bi.sub.1.8 Pb.sub.0.4 Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.10 "BSCCO" ceramics.

MAR binding protein SMAR1 favors IL-10 mediated regulatory T cell function in acute colitis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mirlekar, Bhalchandra; Patil, Sachin; Bopanna, Ramanamurthy

2015-08-21

T{sub reg} cells are not only crucial for controlling immune responses to autoantigens but also prevent those directed towards commensal pathogens. Control of effector immune responses by T{sub reg} cells depend on their capacity to accumulate at inflammatory site and accordingly accommodate to inflammatory environment. Till date, the factors associated with maintaining these aspects of T{sub reg} phenotype is not understood properly. Here we have shown that a known nuclear matrix binding protein SMAR1 is selectively expressed more in colonic T{sub reg} cells and is required for their ability to accumulate at inflammatory site and to sustain high levels ofmore » Foxp3 and IL-10 expression during acute colitis. Elimination of anti-inflammatory subsets revealed a protective role for IL-10 producing T{sub reg} cells in SMAR1{sup −/−} mice. Moreover, a combined action of Foxp3 and SMAR1 restricts effector cytokine production and enhance the production of IL-10 by colonic T{sub reg} cells that controls acute colitis. This data highlights a critical role of SMAR1 in maintaining T{sub reg} physiology during inflammatory disorders. - Highlights: • SMAR1 is essential to sustain high level of Foxp3 and IL-10 in T{sub reg} cells. • SMAR1{sup −/−} T{sub reg} cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 leads to inflammation. • IL-10 administration can control the inflammation in SMAR1{sup −/−} mice. • Both Foxp3 and SMAR1 maintain T{sub reg} phenotype that controls colitis.« less

An object-oriented software approach for a distributed human tracking motion system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Micucci, Daniela L.

2003-06-01

Tracking is a composite job involving the co-operation of autonomous activities which exploit a complex information model and rely on a distributed architecture. Both information and activities must be classified and related in several dimensions: abstraction levels (what is modelled and how information is processed); topology (where the modelled entities are); time (when entities exist); strategy (why something happens); responsibilities (who is in charge of processing the information). A proper Object-Oriented analysis and design approach leads to a modular architecture where information about conceptual entities is modelled at each abstraction level via classes and intra-level associations, whereas inter-level associations between classes model the abstraction process. Both information and computation are partitioned according to level-specific topological models. They are also placed in a temporal framework modelled by suitable abstractions. Domain-specific strategies control the execution of the computations. Computational components perform both intra-level processing and intra-level information conversion. The paper overviews the phases of the analysis and design process, presents major concepts at each abstraction level, and shows how the resulting design turns into a modular, flexible and adaptive architecture. Finally, the paper sketches how the conceptual architecture can be deployed into a concrete distribute architecture by relying on an experimental framework.

Sensitivity of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis and Water-Gas Shift Catalysts to Poisons from High-Temperature High-Pressure Entrained-Flow (EF) Oxygen-Blown Gasifier Gasification of Coal/Biomass Mixtures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burton Davis; Gary Jacobs; Wenping Ma

2011-09-30

There has been a recent shift in interest in converting not only natural gas and coal derived syngas to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, but also converting biomass-derived syngas, as well as syngas derived from coal and biomass mixtures. As such, conventional catalysts based on iron and cobalt may not be suitable without proper development. This is because, while ash, sulfur compounds, traces of metals, halide compounds, and nitrogen-containing chemicals will likely be lower in concentration in syngas derived from mixtures of coal and biomass (i.e., using entrained-flow oxygen-blown gasifier gasification gasification) than solely from coal, other compounds may actually be increased.more » Of particular concern are compounds containing alkali chemicals like the chlorides of sodium and potassium. In the first year, University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research (UK-CAER) researchers completed a number of tasks aimed at evaluating the sensitivity of cobalt and iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FT) catalysts and a commercial iron-chromia high temperature water-gas shift catalyst (WGS) to alkali halides. This included the preparation of large batches of 0.5%Pt-25%Co/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 100Fe: 5.1Si: 3.0K: 2.0Cu (high alpha) catalysts that were split up among the four different entities participating in the overall project; the testing of the catalysts under clean FT and WGS conditions; the testing of the Fe-Cr WGS catalyst under conditions of co-feeding NaCl and KCl; and the construction and start-up of the continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for poisoning investigations. In the second and third years, researchers from the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research (UK-CAER) continued the project by evaluating the sensitivity of a commercial iron-chromia high temperature water-gas shift catalyst (WGS) to a number of different compounds, including KHCO{sub 3}, NaHCO{sub 3}, HCl, HBr, HF, H{sub 2}S, NH{sub 3}, and a combination of H{sub 2}S and NH{sub 3}. Cobalt and iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FT) catalysts were also subjected to a number of the same compounds in order to evaluate their sensitivities at different concentration levels of added contaminant.« less

SEEDS Direct Imaging of the RV-Detected Companion to V450 Andromedae, and Characterization of the System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helminiak, K. G.; Kuzuhara, M.; Mede, K.; Brandt, T. D.; Kandori, R.; Suenaga, T.; Kusakabe, N.; Narita, N.; Carson, J. C.; Kudo, T.;

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus transport by world rivers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meybeck, M.

1982-04-01

The various forms (dissolved and particulate, organic and inorganic) of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in world rivers are reviewed from literature data. Natural levels are based mainly on major rivers for the subarctic and tropical zones which are still unpolluted and on smaller streams for the temperate zone. Atmospheric fallout is also reviewed. Natural contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are mainly dependent on environmental conditions: DOC varies from 1 mg 1/sup -1/ in the mountainous alpine environments to 20 mg 1/sup -1/ in some taiga rivers. The world DOC average is 5.75 mg l/sup -1/. Nitrogen forms include dissolvedmore » organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN = N - NH/sub 4//sup +/ + N - NO/sub 3//sup -/ + N - NO/sub 2//sup -/), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON). Natural levels are very low: DIN = 120 ..mu..g 1/sup -1/ of which only 15 percent is present as ammonia, and 1 percent as nitrite. Phosphorus is naturally present in very low amounts: around 10 ..mu..g 1/sup -1/ for P-PO/sub 4//sup 3/ and 25 ..mu..g 1/sup -1/ for total dissolved phosphorus (TDP which includes the organic form). The average nutrient content of rains has been estimated with a set of unpolluted stations: P - PO/sub 4/ = 5 ..mu..g 1/sup -1/, TDP = 10, N - NO/sub 2/ = 5, N - NH/sub 4/ = 225, DON = 225, and N - NO/sub 3/ = 175 ..mu..g 1/sup -1/. TOC levels are probably around several mg 1/sup -1/. These contents are very similar to those found in unpolluted rivers. Man's influence on surface waters has now greatly increased natural nutrient levels. Total dissolved P and N have globally increased by a factor of two and locally (Western Europe, North America) by factors of 10 to 50. These increases were found to be directly proportional to the watershed population and to its energy consumption.« less

76 FR 6957 - FTA Fiscal Year 2011 Apportionments, Allocations, and Program Information

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-08

.... 5336(b), FTA used 60 percent of the directional route miles attributable to the Alaska Railroad... to 49 U.S.C. 5336(b), FTA uses 60 percent of the directional route miles attributable to the Alaska...: notifying eligible local entities of funding availability; developing project selection criteria...

17 CFR 23.451 - Political contributions by certain swap dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee; and (iii) Any political action... Special Entity for the swap dealer and any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee...) After learning of the contribution: (A) Has taken all available steps to cause the contributor involved...

17 CFR 23.451 - Political contributions by certain swap dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee; and (iii) Any political action... Special Entity for the swap dealer and any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee...) After learning of the contribution: (A) Has taken all available steps to cause the contributor involved...

17 CFR 23.451 - Political contributions by certain swap dealers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee; and (iii) Any political action... Special Entity for the swap dealer and any person who supervises, directly or indirectly, such employee...) After learning of the contribution: (A) Has taken all available steps to cause the contributor involved...

46 CFR 67.31 - Stock or equity interest requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., directly or indirectly, voting power; or non-citizens, by any means, exercise control over the entity. The... favor of non-citizens, non-citizen voting power, or non-citizen control exceeds the percentage of the... citizenship under this subpart, control of non-fishing industry vessels includes an absolute right to: Direct...

46 CFR 67.31 - Stock or equity interest requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., directly or indirectly, voting power; or non-citizens, by any means, exercise control over the entity. The... favor of non-citizens, non-citizen voting power, or non-citizen control exceeds the percentage of the... citizenship under this subpart, control of non-fishing industry vessels includes an absolute right to: Direct...

46 CFR 67.31 - Stock or equity interest requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., directly or indirectly, voting power; or non-citizens, by any means, exercise control over the entity. The... favor of non-citizens, non-citizen voting power, or non-citizen control exceeds the percentage of the... citizenship under this subpart, control of non-fishing industry vessels includes an absolute right to: Direct...

46 CFR 67.31 - Stock or equity interest requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., directly or indirectly, voting power; or non-citizens, by any means, exercise control over the entity. The... favor of non-citizens, non-citizen voting power, or non-citizen control exceeds the percentage of the... citizenship under this subpart, control of non-fishing industry vessels includes an absolute right to: Direct...

46 CFR 67.31 - Stock or equity interest requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., directly or indirectly, voting power; or non-citizens, by any means, exercise control over the entity. The... favor of non-citizens, non-citizen voting power, or non-citizen control exceeds the percentage of the... citizenship under this subpart, control of non-fishing industry vessels includes an absolute right to: Direct...

Impact of Spacecraft Shielding on Direct Ionization Soft Error Rates for sub-130 nm Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pellish, Jonathan A.; Xapsos, Michael A.; Stauffer, Craig A.; Jordan, Michael M.; Sanders, Anthony B.; Ladbury, Raymond L.; Oldham, Timothy R.; Marshall, Paul W.; Heidel, David F.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.

2010-01-01

We use ray tracing software to model various levels of spacecraft shielding complexity and energy deposition pulse height analysis to study how it affects the direct ionization soft error rate of microelectronic components in space. The analysis incorporates the galactic cosmic ray background, trapped proton, and solar heavy ion environments as well as the October 1989 and July 2000 solar particle events.

Impact of Spacecraft Shielding on Direct Ionization Soft Error Rates for Sub-130 nm Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pellish, Jonathan A.; Xapsos, Michael A.; Stauffer, Craig A.; Jordan, Thomas M.; Sanders, Anthony B.; Ladbury, Raymond L.; Oldham, Timothy R.; Marshall, Paul W.; Heidel, David F.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.

2010-01-01

We use ray tracing software to model various levels of spacecraft shielding complexity and energy deposition pulse height analysis to study how it affects the direct ionization soft error rate of microelectronic components in space. The analysis incorporates the galactic cosmic ray background, trapped proton, and solar heavy ion environments as well as the October 1989 and July 2000 solar particle events.

Element-resolved atomic structure imaging of rocksalt Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5} phase-change material

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Bin; Chen, Yongjin; Han, Xiaodong, E-mail: wzhang0@mail.xjtu.edu.cn, E-mail: ema@jhu.edu, E-mail: xdhan@bjut.edu.cn

Disorder-induced electron localization and metal-insulator transitions (MITs) have been a very active research field starting from the seminal paper by Anderson half a century ago. However, pure Anderson insulators are very difficult to identify due to ubiquitous electron-correlation effects. Recently, an MIT has been observed in electrical transport measurements on the crystalline state of phase-change GeSbTe compounds, which appears to be exclusively disorder driven. Subsequent density functional theory simulations have identified vacancy disorder to localize electrons at the Fermi level. Here, we report a direct atomic scale chemical identification experiment on the rocksalt structure obtained upon crystallization of amorphous Ge{submore » 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5}. Our results confirm the two-sublattice structure resolving the distribution of chemical species and demonstrate the existence of atomic disorder on the Ge/Sb/vacancy sublattice. Moreover, we identify a gradual vacancy ordering process upon further annealing. These findings not only provide a structural underpinning of the observed Anderson localization but also have implications for the development of novel multi-level data storage within the crystalline phases.« less

Head movements in low and high gravitoinertial force environments elicit motion sickness - Implications for space motion sickness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lackner, James R.; Graybiel, Ashton

1987-01-01

Astronauts report that head movements in flight tend to bring on symptoms of space motion sickness (SMS). The effects of head movements in pitch, yaw, and roll (made both with normal vision and with eyes occluded) on susceptibility to motion sickness in the zero G phase of parabolic flight maneuvers were evaluated. The findings are clear-cut: pitch head movements are most provocative, yaw least provocative, and roll intermediate. These experiments suggest that SMS is not a unique nosological entity, but is the consequence of exposure to nonterrestrial force levels. Head movements during departures in either direction from 1 G elicit symptoms.

Lightwave-driven quasiparticle collisions on a subcycle timescale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Langer, F.; Hohenleutner, M.; Schmid, C. P.; Poellmann, C.; Nagler, P.; Korn, T.; Schüller, C.; Sherwin, M. S.; Huttner, U.; Steiner, J. T.; Koch, S. W.; Kira, M.; Huber, R.

2016-05-01

Ever since Ernest Rutherford scattered α-particles from gold foils, collision experiments have revealed insights into atoms, nuclei and elementary particles. In solids, many-body correlations lead to characteristic resonances—called quasiparticles—such as excitons, dropletons, polarons and Cooper pairs. The structure and dynamics of quasiparticles are important because they define macroscopic phenomena such as Mott insulating states, spontaneous spin- and charge-order, and high-temperature superconductivity. However, the extremely short lifetimes of these entities make practical implementations of a suitable collider challenging. Here we exploit lightwave-driven charge transport, the foundation of attosecond science, to explore ultrafast quasiparticle collisions directly in the time domain: a femtosecond optical pulse creates excitonic electron-hole pairs in the layered dichalcogenide tungsten diselenide while a strong terahertz field accelerates and collides the electrons with the holes. The underlying dynamics of the wave packets, including collision, pair annihilation, quantum interference and dephasing, are detected as light emission in high-order spectral sidebands of the optical excitation. A full quantum theory explains our observations microscopically. This approach enables collision experiments with various complex quasiparticles and suggests a promising new way of generating sub-femtosecond pulses.

Lightwave-driven quasiparticle collisions on a subcycle timescale.

PubMed

Langer, F; Hohenleutner, M; Schmid, C P; Poellmann, C; Nagler, P; Korn, T; Schüller, C; Sherwin, M S; Huttner, U; Steiner, J T; Koch, S W; Kira, M; Huber, R

2016-05-12

Ever since Ernest Rutherford scattered α-particles from gold foils, collision experiments have revealed insights into atoms, nuclei and elementary particles. In solids, many-body correlations lead to characteristic resonances--called quasiparticles--such as excitons, dropletons, polarons and Cooper pairs. The structure and dynamics of quasiparticles are important because they define macroscopic phenomena such as Mott insulating states, spontaneous spin- and charge-order, and high-temperature superconductivity. However, the extremely short lifetimes of these entities make practical implementations of a suitable collider challenging. Here we exploit lightwave-driven charge transport, the foundation of attosecond science, to explore ultrafast quasiparticle collisions directly in the time domain: a femtosecond optical pulse creates excitonic electron-hole pairs in the layered dichalcogenide tungsten diselenide while a strong terahertz field accelerates and collides the electrons with the holes. The underlying dynamics of the wave packets, including collision, pair annihilation, quantum interference and dephasing, are detected as light emission in high-order spectral sidebands of the optical excitation. A full quantum theory explains our observations microscopically. This approach enables collision experiments with various complex quasiparticles and suggests a promising new way of generating sub-femtosecond pulses.

Leakage Risk Assessment for a Potential CO2 Storage Project in Saskatchewan, Canada

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Houseworth, J.E.; Oldenburg, C.M.; Mazzoldi, A.

2011-05-01

A CO{sub 2} sequestration project is being considered to (1) capture CO{sub 2} emissions from the Consumers Cooperative Refineries Limited at Regina, Saskatchewan and (2) geologically sequester the captured CO{sub 2} locally in a deep saline aquifer. This project is a collaboration of several industrial and governmental organizations, including the Petroleum Technology Research Centre (PTRC), Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC), SaskEnvironment Go Green Fund, SaskPower, CCRL, Schlumberger Carbon Services, and Enbridge. The project objective is to sequester 600 tonnes CO{sub 2}/day. Injection is planned to start in 2012 or 2013 for a period of 25 years for a total storagemore » of approximately 5.5 million tonnes CO{sub 2}. This report presents an assessment of the leakage risk of the proposed project using a methodology known as the Certification Framework (CF). The CF is used for evaluating CO{sub 2} leakage risk associated with geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), as well as brine leakage risk owing to displacement and pressurization of brine by the injected CO{sub 2}. We follow the CF methodology by defining the entities (so-called Compartments) that could be impacted by CO{sub 2} leakage, the CO{sub 2} storage region, the potential for leakage along well and fault pathways, and the consequences of such leakage. An understanding of the likelihood and consequences of leakage forms the basis for understanding CO{sub 2} leakage risk, and forms the basis for recommendations of additional data collection and analysis to increase confidence in the risk assessment.« less

Mapping the binding site of aflatoxin B/sub 1/ in DNA: systematic analysis of the reactivity of aflatoxin B/sub 1/ with guanines in different DNA sequences

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Benasutti, M.; Ejadi, S.; Whitlow, M.D.

The mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical aflatoxin B/sub 1/ (AFB/sub 1/) reacts almost exclusively at the N(7)-position of guanine following activation to its reactive form, the 8,9-epoxide (AFB/sub 1/ oxide). In general N(7)-guanine adducts yield DNA strand breaks when heated in base, a property that serves as the basis for the Maxam-Gilbert DNA sequencing reaction specific for guanine. Using DNA sequencing methods, other workers have shown that AFB/sub 1/ oxide gives strand breaks at positions of guanines; however, the guanine bands varied in intensity. This phenomenon has been used to infer that AFB/sub 1/ oxide prefers to react with guanines inmore » some sequence contexts more than in others and has been referred to as sequence specificity of binding. Herein, data on the reaction of AFB/sub 1/ oxide with several synthetic DNA polymers with different sequences are presented, and (following hydrolysis) adduct levels are determine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. These results reveal that for AFB/sub 1/ oxide (1) the N(7)-guanine adduct is the major adduct found in all of the DNA polymers, (2) adduct levels vary in different sequences, and, thus, sequence specificity is also observed by this more direct method, and (3) the intensity of bands in DNA sequencing gels is likely to reflect adduct levels formed at the N(7)-position of guanine. Knowing this, a reinvestigation of the reactivity of guanines in different DNA sequences using DNA sequencing methods was undertaken. Methods are developed to determine the X (5'-side) base and the Y (3'-side) base are most influential in determining guanine reactivity. These rules in conjunction with molecular modeling studies were used to assess the binding sites that might be utilized by AFB/sub 1/ oxide in its reaction with DNA.« less

Design of an ontology for medical image manipulation: an example applied for DICOM extensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aubry, Florent; Chameroy, Virginie; Todd-Pokropek, Andrew; Di Paola, Robert

1999-07-01

Currently, various data formats are widely used for medical imags, e.g. DICOM for exchange through network and storage media, and INTERFILE for image exchange in nuclear medicine. These formats are only able partly to solve problems arising in accessing and handling imags. To solve such problems, an ontology dedicated to the description of data and knowledge involved in the handling and the management of medical images has been designed. The ontology offers a semantic frame of reference to which manipulation tools can refer. It considers various point of view on the data, related to the context of production, the content,and the data quality. It supports several levels of abstraction, going from a declarative level related to the examination type to the implementation level. Moreover, the ontology provides mechanisms allowing the creation and the description of new entities. It can, thus, act as an intermediate language ensuring accurate reuse of the entities. This paper, which presents work in progress, is focused on the description of the ontology and points out how to use it for the description of and the access to DICOM or INTERFILE entities, and for the extension of the DICOM or INTERFILE dictionaries, by adding new entities, in order to describe complex relationships between images.

Growth of CdZnTe Crystals for Radiation Detector Applications by Directional Solidification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Su, Ching-Hua

2014-01-01

Advances in Cadmium Zinc Telluride (Cd(sub 1-x)Zn(sub x)Te) growth techniques are needed for the production of large-scale arrays of gamma and x-ray astronomy. The research objective is to develop crystal growth recipes and techniques to obtain large, high quality CdZnTe single crystal with reduced defects, such as charge trapping, twinning, and tellurium precipitates, which degrade the performance of CdZnTe and, at the same time, to increase the yield of usable material from the CdZnTe ingot. A low gravity material experiment, "Crystal Growth of Ternary Compound Semiconductors in Low Gravity Environment", will be performed in the Material Science Research Rack (MSRR) on International Space Station (ISS). One section of the flight experiment is the melt growth of CdZnTe ternary compounds. This talk will focus on the ground-based studies on the growth of Cd(sub 0.80)Zn(sub 0.20)Te crystals for radiation detector applications by directional solidification. In this investigation, we have improved the properties that are most critical for the detector applications (electrical properties and crystalline quality): a) Electrical resistivity: use high purity starting materials (with reproducible impurity levels) and controlled Cd over pressure during growth to reproducibly balance the impurity levels and Cd vacancy concentration b) Crystalline quality: use ultra-clean growth ampoule (no wetting after growth), optimized thermal profile and ampoule design, as well as a technique for supercool reduction to growth large single crystal with high crystalline quality

Microwave Brightness Temperatures of Tilted Convective Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hong, Ye; Haferman, Jeffrey L.; Olson, William S.; Kummerow, Christian D.

1998-01-01

Aircraft and ground-based radar data from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled-Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) show that convective systems are not always vertical. Instead, many are tilted from vertical. Satellite passive microwave radiometers observe the atmosphere at a viewing angle. For example, the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites and the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) on the TRMM satellite have an incident angle of about 50deg. Thus, the brightness temperature measured from one direction of tilt may be different than that viewed from the opposite direction due to the different optical depth. This paper presents the investigation of passive microwave brightness temperatures of tilted convective systems. To account for the effect of tilt, a 3-D backward Monte Carlo radiative transfer model has been applied to a simple tilted cloud model and a dynamically evolving cloud model to derive the brightness temperature. The radiative transfer results indicate that brightness temperature varies when the viewing angle changes because of the different optical depth. The tilt increases the displacements between high 19 GHz brightness temperature (Tb(sub 19)) due to liquid emission from lower level of cloud and the low 85 GHz brightness temperature (Tb(sub 85)) due to ice scattering from upper level of cloud. As the resolution degrades, the difference of brightness temperature due to the change of viewing angle decreases dramatically. The dislocation between Tb(sub 19) and Tb(sub 85), however, remains prominent.

A Liver-Centric Multiscale Modeling Framework for Xenobiotics.

PubMed

Sluka, James P; Fu, Xiao; Swat, Maciej; Belmonte, Julio M; Cosmanescu, Alin; Clendenon, Sherry G; Wambaugh, John F; Glazier, James A

2016-01-01

We describe a multi-scale, liver-centric in silico modeling framework for acetaminophen pharmacology and metabolism. We focus on a computational model to characterize whole body uptake and clearance, liver transport and phase I and phase II metabolism. We do this by incorporating sub-models that span three scales; Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of acetaminophen uptake and distribution at the whole body level, cell and blood flow modeling at the tissue/organ level and metabolism at the sub-cellular level. We have used standard modeling modalities at each of the three scales. In particular, we have used the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) to create both the whole-body and sub-cellular scales. Our modeling approach allows us to run the individual sub-models separately and allows us to easily exchange models at a particular scale without the need to extensively rework the sub-models at other scales. In addition, the use of SBML greatly facilitates the inclusion of biological annotations directly in the model code. The model was calibrated using human in vivo data for acetaminophen and its sulfate and glucuronate metabolites. We then carried out extensive parameter sensitivity studies including the pairwise interaction of parameters. We also simulated population variation of exposure and sensitivity to acetaminophen. Our modeling framework can be extended to the prediction of liver toxicity following acetaminophen overdose, or used as a general purpose pharmacokinetic model for xenobiotics.

A Liver-Centric Multiscale Modeling Framework for Xenobiotics

PubMed Central

Swat, Maciej; Cosmanescu, Alin; Clendenon, Sherry G.; Wambaugh, John F.; Glazier, James A.

2016-01-01

We describe a multi-scale, liver-centric in silico modeling framework for acetaminophen pharmacology and metabolism. We focus on a computational model to characterize whole body uptake and clearance, liver transport and phase I and phase II metabolism. We do this by incorporating sub-models that span three scales; Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of acetaminophen uptake and distribution at the whole body level, cell and blood flow modeling at the tissue/organ level and metabolism at the sub-cellular level. We have used standard modeling modalities at each of the three scales. In particular, we have used the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) to create both the whole-body and sub-cellular scales. Our modeling approach allows us to run the individual sub-models separately and allows us to easily exchange models at a particular scale without the need to extensively rework the sub-models at other scales. In addition, the use of SBML greatly facilitates the inclusion of biological annotations directly in the model code. The model was calibrated using human in vivo data for acetaminophen and its sulfate and glucuronate metabolites. We then carried out extensive parameter sensitivity studies including the pairwise interaction of parameters. We also simulated population variation of exposure and sensitivity to acetaminophen. Our modeling framework can be extended to the prediction of liver toxicity following acetaminophen overdose, or used as a general purpose pharmacokinetic model for xenobiotics. PMID:27636091

CAPRI: A Geometric Foundation for Computational Analysis and Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haimes, Robert

2006-01-01

CAPRI is a software building tool-kit that refers to two ideas; (1) A simplified, object-oriented, hierarchical view of a solid part integrating both geometry and topology definitions, and (2) programming access to this part or assembly and any attached data. A complete definition of the geometry and application programming interface can be found in the document CAPRI: Computational Analysis PRogramming Interface appended to this report. In summary the interface is subdivided into the following functional components: 1. Utility routines -- These routines include the initialization of CAPRI, loading CAD parts and querying the operational status as well as closing the system down. 2. Geometry data-base queries -- This group of functions allow all top level applications to figure out and get detailed information on any geometric component in the Volume definition. 3. Point queries -- These calls allow grid generators, or solvers doing node adaptation, to snap points directly onto geometric entities. 4. Calculated or geometrically derived queries -- These entry points calculate data from the geometry to aid in grid generation. 5. Boundary data routines -- This part of CAPRI allows general data to be attached to Boundaries so that the boundary conditions can be specified and stored within CAPRI s data-base. 6. Tag based routines -- This part of the API allows the specification of properties associated with either the Volume (material properties) or Boundary (surface properties) entities. 7. Geometry based interpolation routines -- This part of the API facilitates Multi-disciplinary coupling and allows zooming through Boundary Attachments. 8. Geometric creation and manipulation -- These calls facilitate constructing simple solid entities and perform the Boolean solid operations. Geometry constructed in this manner has the advantage that if the data is kept consistent with the CAD package, therefore a new design can be incorporated directly and is manufacturable. 9. Master Model access This addition to the API allows for the querying of the parameters and dimensions of the model. The feature tree is also exposed so it is easy to see where the parameters are applied. Calls exist to allow for the modification of the parameters and the suppression/unsuppression of nodes in the tree. Part regeneration is performed by a single API call and a new part becomes available within CAPRI (if the regeneration was successful). This is described in a separate document. Components 1-7 are considered the CAPRI base level reader.

17 CFR 23.600 - Risk Management Program for swap dealers and major swap participants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... at the consolidated entity level. (iii) The Risk Management Program shall include policies and...; and whether the product requires a novel pricing methodology or presents novel legal and regulatory... management unit, as to whether the new product would materially alter the overall entity-wide risk profile of...

17 CFR 23.600 - Risk Management Program for swap dealers and major swap participants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... at the consolidated entity level. (iii) The Risk Management Program shall include policies and...; and whether the product requires a novel pricing methodology or presents novel legal and regulatory... management unit, as to whether the new product would materially alter the overall entity-wide risk profile of...

75 FR 69009 - Acquisition Regulation: Socioeconomic Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-10

... significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities (5 U.S.C. 605(b)). This rule updates... entities. On the basis of the foregoing, DOE certifies that this rule would not have a significant economic... Government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of...

Global CO2 Distributions over Land from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hammerling, Dorit M.; Michalak, Anna M.; O'Dell, Christopher; Kawa, Randolph S.

2012-01-01

January 2009 saw the successful launch of the first space-based mission specifically designed for measuring greenhouse gases, the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We present global land maps (Level 3 data) of column-averaged CO2 concentrations (X(sub CO2)) derived using observations from the GOSAT ACOS retrieval algorithm, for July through December 2009. The applied geostatistical mapping approach makes it possible to generate maps at high spatial and temporal resolutions that include uncertainty measures and that are derived directly from the Level 2 observations, without invoking an atmospheric transport model or estimates of CO2 uptake and emissions. As such, they are particularly well suited for comparison studies. Results show that the Level 3 maps for July to December 2009 on a lO x 1.250 grid, at six-day resolution capture much of the synoptic scale and regional variability of X(sub CO2), in addition to its overall seasonality. The uncertainty estimates, which reflect local data coverage, X(sub CO2) variability, and retrieval errors, indicate that the Southern latitudes are relatively well-constrained, while the Sahara Desert and the high Northern latitudes are weakly-constrained. A probabilistic comparison to the PCTM/GEOS-5/CASA-GFED model reveals that the most statistically significant discrepancies occur in South America in July and August, and central Asia in September to December. While still preliminary, these results illustrate the usefulness of a high spatiotemporal resolution, data-driven Level 3 data product for direct interpretation and comparison of satellite observations of highly dynamic parameters such as atmospheric CO2.

The mechanism of high-T(sub c) superconductivity due to bound hole mediators: Relationship to ferroelectricity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vezzoli, G. C.; Stanley, William

1990-01-01

The mediation by bound holes creating Cooper pairing in high T(sub c) superconductors has its origin in charge transfer excitations on the multivalence cation (virtual excitions) and in bound excitions or polarizations associated with the oxygen 2p electrons. These phenomena are produced and/or enhanced by a high internal electric field which is itself created by virtue of the unique crystal structures and polyhedral building blocks of high T(sub c) materials. The polarizations which can create oxygen holes (in addition to excitions) may be due to simply the internal electric field or to polaronic and electron-deficient bond behavior. This gives rise to two energy-dependent oxygen bands near the Fermi level. The magnitude and direction of the internal electric fields were calculated for Y1Ba2Cu3O(7-delta) (1-2-3) and show strong z-direction fields at the Cu(2), O2, and O3 sites and an even stronger -z direction field at the O4 site. The field calculations also show why electrical conductivity in the 1-2-3 material is essentially in the base plane of the CuO5 pyramid (the CuO2 plane).

28 CFR 35.139 - Direct threat.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... public entity must make an individualized assessment, based on reasonable judgment that relies on current medical knowledge or on the best available objective evidence, to ascertain: the nature, duration, and...

Reassessment of the recombination parameters of chromium in n- and p-type crystalline silicon and chromium-boron pairs in p-type crystalline silicon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, Chang, E-mail: chang.sun@anu.edu.au; Rougieux, Fiacre E.; Macdonald, Daniel

2014-06-07

Injection-dependent lifetime spectroscopy of both n- and p-type, Cr-doped silicon wafers with different doping levels is used to determine the defect parameters of Cr{sub i} and CrB pairs, by simultaneously fitting the measured lifetimes with the Shockley-Read-Hall model. A combined analysis of the two defects with the lifetime data measured on both n- and p-type samples enables a significant tightening of the uncertainty ranges of the parameters. The capture cross section ratios k = σ{sub n}/σ{sub p} of Cr{sub i} and CrB are determined as 3.2 (−0.6, +0) and 5.8 (−3.4, +0.6), respectively. Courtesy of a direct experimental comparison of the recombinationmore » activity of chromium in n- and p-type silicon, and as also suggested by modelling results, we conclude that chromium has a greater negative impact on carrier lifetimes in p-type silicon than n-type silicon with similar doping levels.« less

Bayesian Correlation Analysis for Sequence Count Data

PubMed Central

Lau, Nelson; Perkins, Theodore J.

2016-01-01

Evaluating the similarity of different measured variables is a fundamental task of statistics, and a key part of many bioinformatics algorithms. Here we propose a Bayesian scheme for estimating the correlation between different entities’ measurements based on high-throughput sequencing data. These entities could be different genes or miRNAs whose expression is measured by RNA-seq, different transcription factors or histone marks whose expression is measured by ChIP-seq, or even combinations of different types of entities. Our Bayesian formulation accounts for both measured signal levels and uncertainty in those levels, due to varying sequencing depth in different experiments and to varying absolute levels of individual entities, both of which affect the precision of the measurements. In comparison with a traditional Pearson correlation analysis, we show that our Bayesian correlation analysis retains high correlations when measurement confidence is high, but suppresses correlations when measurement confidence is low—especially for entities with low signal levels. In addition, we consider the influence of priors on the Bayesian correlation estimate. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that naive, uniform priors on entities’ signal levels can lead to highly biased correlation estimates, particularly when different experiments have widely varying sequencing depths. However, we propose two alternative priors that provably mitigate this problem. We also prove that, like traditional Pearson correlation, our Bayesian correlation calculation constitutes a kernel in the machine learning sense, and thus can be used as a similarity measure in any kernel-based machine learning algorithm. We demonstrate our approach on two RNA-seq datasets and one miRNA-seq dataset. PMID:27701449

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ding, Huai; Jiang, Huijun; Hou, Zhonghuai, E-mail: hzhlj@ustc.edu.cn

The dynamics of point-like Brownian particles in a periodic confined channel with oscillating boundaries has been studied. Directional transport (DT) behavior, characterized by net displacement along the horizontal direction, is observed even without external force which is necessary for the conventional DT where the boundaries are static. For typical parameter values, the average velocity V{sub t} of DT reaches a maximum with the variation of the noise intensity D, being alike to the phenomenon of stochastic resonance. Interestingly, we find that V{sub t} shows nontrivial dependences on the particle gravity G depending on the noise level. When the noise ismore » large, V{sub t} increases monotonically with G indicating that heavier particle moves faster, while for small noise, V{sub t} shows a bell-shape dependence on G, suggesting that a particle with an intermediate weight may move the fastest. Such results were not observed for DT in a channel with static boundaries. To understand these findings, we have adopted an effective one-dimensional coarsening description, which facilitates us to introduce an effective entropic force along the horizontal direction. The average force is apparently nonzero due to the oscillatory boundary, hence leading to the net transport, and it shows similar dependences as V{sub t} on the noise intensity D and particle gravity G. The dependences of the DT behavior on other parameters describing the oscillatory channel have also been investigated, showing that DT is more pronounced for larger oscillation amplitude and frequency, and asymmetric geometry within a channel period and phase difference between neighboring periods are both necessary for the occurrence of DT.« less

Materials in Manufacturing and Packaging Systems as Sources of Elemental Impurities in Packaged Drug Products: A Literature Review.

PubMed

Jenke, Dennis R; Stults, Cheryl L M; Paskiet, Diane M; Ball, Douglas J; Nagao, Lee M

Elemental impurities in drug products can arise from a number of different sources and via a number of different means, including the active pharmaceutical ingredient, excipients, the vehicle, and leaching of elemental entities that are present in the drug product's manufacturing or packaging systems. Thus, knowledge about the presence, level, and likelihood of leaching of elemental entities in manufacturing and packaging systems is relevant to understanding how these systems contribute to a drug product's total elemental impurity burden. To that end, a joint team from the Extractables and Leachables Safety Information Exchange (ELSIE) Consortium and the International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium on Regulation and Science (IPAC-RS) has conducted a review of the available literature on elemental entities in pharmaceutically relevant polymers and the presence of these elemental entities in material extracts and/or drug products. This review article contains the information compiled from the available body of literature and considers two questions: (1) What elemental entities are present in the relevant polymers and materials and at what levels are they present? (2) To what extent are these elemental entities leached from these materials under conditions relevant to the manufacturing and storage/distribution of solution drug products? Conclusions drawn from the compiled data are as follows: (1) Elemental entities are present in the materials used to construct packaging and manufacturing systems as these materials either contain these elemental entities as additives or are exposed to elemental entities during their production. (2) Unless the elemental entities are parts of the materials themselves (for example, SiO 2 in glass) or intentionally added to the materials (for example, metal stearates in polymers), their incidental amounts in the materials are generally low. (3) When elemental entities are present in materials and systems, generally only a very small fraction of the total available amount of the entity can be leached under conditions that are relevant to packaged drug products. Thus, while sources of certain elemental impurities may be ubiquitous in the natural environment, they are not ubiquitous in materials used in pharmaceutical packaging and manufacturing systems and when they are present, they are not extensively leached under relevant conditions. The information summarized here can be utilized to aid the elemental impurity risk assessment process by providing the identities of commonly reported elements and data to support probability estimates of those becoming elemental impurities in the drug product. Furthermore, recommendations are made related to establishing elements of potential product impact for individual materials. Extraneous impurities in drug products provide no therapeutic benefit and thus should be known and controlled. Elemental impurities can arise from a number of sources and by a number of means, including the leaching of elemental entities from drug product packaging and manufacturing systems. To understand the extent to which materials used in packaging systems contain elemental entities and the extent to which those entities leach into drug products to become elemental impurities, the Extractables and Leachables Safety Information Exchange (ELSIE) and International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium on Regulation and Science (IPAC-RS) Consortia have jointly performed a literature review on this subject. Using the compiled information, it was concluded that while packaging materials may contain elemental entities, unless those entities are intentional parts of the materials, the amounts of those elemental entities are generally low. Furthermore, generally only a very small fraction of the total available amount of the entity can be leached under conditions that are relevant to packaged drug products. Thus, risk assessment of sources of elemental impurities in drug products that may be related to materials used in pharmaceutical packaging and manufacturing systems can utilize the information and recommendations presented here. © PDA, Inc. 2015.

Constraining the Antarctic contribution to global sea-level change: ANDRILL and beyond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naish, Timothy

2016-04-01

Observations, models and paleoclimate reconstructions suggest that Antarctica's marine-based ice sheets behave in an unstable manner with episodes of rapid retreat in response to warming climate. Understanding the processes involved in this "marine ice sheet instability" is key for improving estimates of Antarctic ice sheet contribution to future sea-level rise. Another motivating factor is that far-field sea-level reconstructions and ice sheet models imply global mean sea level (GMSL) was up to 20m and 10m higher, respectively, compared with present day, during the interglacials of the warm Pliocene (~4-3Ma) and Late Pleistocene (at ~400ka and 125ka). This was when atmospheric CO2 was between 280 and 400ppm and global average surface temperatures were 1 to 3°C warmer, suggesting polar ice sheets are highly sensitive to relatively modest increases in climate forcing. Such magnitudes of GMSL rise not only require near complete melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, but a substantial retreat of marine-based sectors of East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Recent geological drilling initiatives on the continental margin of Antarctica from both ship- (e.g. IODP; International Ocean Discovery Program) and ice-based (e.g. ANDRILL/Antarctic Geological Drilling) platforms have provided evidence supporting retreat of marine-based ice. However, without direct access through the ice sheet to archives preserved within sub-glacial sedimentary basins, the volume and extent of ice sheet retreat during past interglacials cannot be directly constrained. Sediment cores have been successfully recovered from beneath ice shelves by the ANDRILL Program and ice streams by the WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Sub-glacial Access Research Drilling) Project. Together with the potential of the new RAID (Rapid Access Ice Drill) initiative, these demonstrate the technological feasibility of accessing the subglacial bed and deeper sedimentary archives. In this talk I will outline the scientific challenges, some potential sub-glacial sedimentary targets, and a strategy for future drilling of sub-glacial sedimentary basins.

Constraining the Antarctic contribution to interglacial sea-level rise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naish, T.; Mckay, R. M.; Barrett, P. J.; Levy, R. H.; Golledge, N. R.; Deconto, R. M.; Horgan, H. J.; Dunbar, G. B.

2015-12-01

Observations, models and paleoclimate reconstructions suggest that Antarctica's marine-based ice sheets behave in an unstable manner with episodes of rapid retreat in response to warming climate. Understanding the processes involved in this "marine ice sheet instability" is key for improving estimates of Antarctic ice sheet contribution to future sea-level rise. Another motivating factor is that far-field sea-level reconstructions and ice sheet models imply global mean sea level (GMSL) was up to 20m and 10m higher, respectively, compared with present day, during the interglacials of the warm Pliocene (~4-3Ma) and Late Pleistocene (at ~400ka and 125ka). This was when atmospheric CO2 was between 280 and 400ppm and global average surface temperatures were 1- 3°C warmer, suggesting polar ice sheets are highly sensitive to relatively modest increases in climate forcing. Such magnitudes of GMSL rise not only require near complete melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, but a substantial retreat of marine-based sectors of East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Recent geological drilling initiatives on the continental margin of Antarctica from both ship- (e.g. IODP; International Ocean Discovery Program) and ice-based (e.g. ANDRILL/Antarctic Geological Drilling) platforms have provided evidence supporting retreat of marine-based ice. However, without direct access through the ice sheet to archives preserved within sub-glacial sedimentary basins, the volume and extent of ice sheet retreat during past interglacials cannot be directly constrained. Sediment cores have been successfully recovered from beneath ice shelves by the ANDRILL Program and ice streams by the WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Sub-glacial Access Research Drilling) Project. Together with the potential of the new RAID (Rapid Access Ice Drill) initiative, these demonstrate the technological feasibility of accessing the subglacial bed and deeper sedimentary archives. In this talk I will outline the scientific challenges, some potential sub-glacial sedimentary targets, and a strategy for future drilling of sub-glacial sedimentary basins.

New Directions for the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2: Supramolecular, scCO2 or Biphasic Ionic Liquid-scCO2 Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grills, D.C.; Fujita, E.

2010-09-02

There is an urgent need for the discovery of carbon-neutral sources of energy to avoid the consequences of global warming caused by ever-increasing atmospheric CO{sub 2} levels. An attractive possibility is to use CO{sub 2} captured from industrial emissions as a feedstock for the production of useful fuels and precursors such as carbon monoxide and methanol. An active field of research to achieve this goal is the development of catalysts capable of harnessing solar energy for use in artificial photosynthetic processes for CO{sub 2} reduction. Transition-metal complexes are excellent candidates, and it has already been shown that they can bemore » used to reduce CO{sub 2} with high quantum efficiency. However, they generally suffer from poor visible light absorption, short catalyst lifetimes, and poor reaction rates. In this Perspective, the field of photocatalytic CO{sub 2} reduction is introduced, and recent developments that seek to improve the efficiency of such catalytic processes are highlighted, especially CO{sub 2} reduction with supramolecules and molecular systems in supercritical CO{sub 2} (scCO{sub 2}) or biphasic ionic liquid-scCO{sub 2} mixtures.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krelowski, J.; Galazutdinov, G.; Kolos, R., E-mail: jacek@astri.uni.torun.pl, E-mail: runizag@gmail.com, E-mail: robert.kolos@ichf.edu.pl

The recent assignment of two broad diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) near 4882 and 5450 A to the propadienylidene (l-C{sub 3}H{sub 2}) molecule is examined using a statistically meaningful sample of targets. Our spectra clearly show that the strength ratio of two broad DIBs is strongly variable, contrary to what should be observed if both features are due to l-C{sub 3}H{sub 2}, since the proposed transitions are lifetime broadened and start from the same level. Moreover, even in directions where the 4882 DIB and 5450 DIB are strong, the third expected l-C{sub 3}H{sub 2} band, in the 5165-5185 A region, ismore » absent. Another puzzling characteristic of l-C{sub 3}H{sub 2} as the proposed carrier of both broad diffuse bands is its column density of several 10{sup 14} cm{sup -2}, inferred from the equivalent width of the 5450 DIB. This value is one order of magnitude higher than N(CH) toward the same objects and two to three orders of magnitude higher than N(H{sub 2}CCC), measured at radio frequencies in absorption, for comparable samples of the diffuse medium. We conclude that the proposed identification of broad DIBs is unjustified.« less

Clinical Ethics in Gabon: The Spectrum of Clinical Ethical Issues Based on Findings from In-Depth Interviews at Three Public Hospitals

PubMed Central

Sippel, Daniel; Marckmann, Georg; Ndzie Atangana, Etienne; Strech, Daniel

2015-01-01

Introduction Unlike issues in biomedical research ethics, ethical challenges arising in daily clinical care in Sub-Saharan African countries have not yet been studied in a systematic manner. However this has to be seen as a distinct entity as we argue in this paper. Our aim was to give an overview of the spectrum of clinical ethical issues and to understand what influences clinical ethics in the Sub-Saharan country of Gabon. Materials and Methods In-depth interviews with 18 health care professionals were conducted at three hospital sites in Gabon. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach (open and axial coding), giving a qualitative spectrum of categories for clinical ethical issues. Validity was checked at a meeting with study participants and other health care experts in Gabon after analysis of the data. Results Twelve main categories (with 28 further-specified subcategories) for clinical ethical issues were identified and grouped under three core categories: A) micro level: “confidentiality and information”, “interpersonal, relational and behavioral issues”, “psychological strain of individuals”, and “scarce resources”; B) meso level: “structural issues of medical institutions”, “issues with private clinics”, “challenges connected to the family”, and “issues of education, training and competence”; and C) macro level: “influence of society, culture, religion and superstition”, “applicability of western medicine”, “structural issues on the political level”, and “legal issues”. Discussion Interviewees reported a broad spectrum of clinical ethical issues that go beyond challenges related to scarce financial and human resources. Specific socio-cultural, historical and educational backgrounds also played an important role. In fact these influences are central to an understanding of clinical ethics in the studied local context. Further research in the region is necessary to put our study into perspective. As many participants reported a lack of awareness of ethical issues amongst other health care professionals in daily clinical practice, we suggest that international organizations and national medical schools should consider infrastructure and tools to improve context-sensitive capacity building in clinical ethics for Sub-Saharan African countries like Gabon. PMID:26161655

From Molecules to Life: Quantifying the Complexity of Chemical and Biological Systems in the Universe.

PubMed

Böttcher, Thomas

2018-01-01

Life is a complex phenomenon and much research has been devoted to both understanding its origins from prebiotic chemistry and discovering life beyond Earth. Yet, it has remained elusive how to quantify this complexity and how to compare chemical and biological units on one common scale. Here, a mathematical description of molecular complexity was applied allowing to quantitatively assess complexity of chemical structures. This in combination with the orthogonal measure of information complexity resulted in a two-dimensional complexity space ranging over the entire spectrum from molecules to organisms. Entities with a certain level of information complexity directly require a functionally complex mechanism for their production or replication and are hence indicative for life-like systems. In order to describe entities combining molecular and information complexity, the term biogenic unit was introduced. Exemplified biogenic unit complexities were calculated for ribozymes, protein enzymes, multimeric protein complexes, and even an entire virus particle. Complexities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as multicellular organisms, were estimated. Thereby distinct evolutionary stages in complexity space were identified. The here developed approach to compare the complexity of biogenic units allows for the first time to address the gradual characteristics of prebiotic and life-like systems without the need for a definition of life. This operational concept may guide our search for life in the Universe, and it may direct the investigations of prebiotic trajectories that lead towards the evolution of complexity at the origins of life.

MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}(001) based magnetic tunnel junctions made by direct sputtering of a sintered spinel target

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Belmoubarik, Mohamed; Sukegawa, Hiroaki, E-mail: sukegawa.hiroaki@nims.go.jp; Ohkubo, Tadakatsu

We developed a fabrication process of an epitaxial MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} barrier for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using a direct sputtering method from an MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} spinel sintered target. Annealing the sputter-deposited MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} layer sandwiched between Fe electrodes led to the formation of a (001)-oriented cation-disorder spinel with atomically sharp interfaces and lattice-matching with the Fe electrodes. A large tunnel magnetoresistance ratio up to 245% at 297 K (436% at 3 K) was achieved in the Fe/MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}/Fe(001) MTJ as well as an excellent bias voltage dependence. These results indicate that the direct sputtering is an alternative methodmore » for the realization of high performance MTJs with a spinel-based tunnel barrier.« less

σ-Hole Bond vs π-Hole Bond: A Comparison Based on Halogen Bond.

PubMed

Wang, Hui; Wang, Weizhou; Jin, Wei Jun

2016-05-11

The σ-hole and π-hole are the regions with positive surface electrostatic potential on the molecule entity; the former specifically refers to the positive region of a molecular entity along extension of the Y-Ge/P/Se/X covalent σ-bond (Y = electron-rich group; Ge/P/Se/X = Groups IV-VII), while the latter refers to the positive region in the direction perpendicular to the σ-framework of the molecular entity. The directional noncovalent interactions between the σ-hole or π-hole and the negative or electron-rich sites are named σ-hole bond or π-hole bond, respectively. The contributions from electrostatic, charge transfer, and other terms or Coulombic interaction to the σ-hole bond and π-hole bond were reviewed first followed by a brief discussion on the interplay between the σ-hole bond and the π-hole bond as well as application of the two types of noncovalent interactions in the field of anion recognition. It is expected that this review could stimulate further development of the σ-hole bond and π-hole bond in theoretical exploration and practical application in the future.

38 CFR 77.14 - Grant agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-29

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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-01

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41 CFR 101-6.2108 - How does the Administrator provide States an opportunity to comment on proposed Federal financial...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

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Oxygen related recombination defects in Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} water splitting photoanode

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fu, Gao; Yu, Tao, E-mail: yscfei@nju.edu.cn, E-mail: yutao@nju.edu.cn; Zou, Zhigang

2015-10-26

A key route to improving the performance of Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} photoelectrochemical film devices in solar driving water splitting to hydrogen is to understand the nature of the serious recombination of photo-generated carriers. Here, by using the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, we confirmed that for the Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} films prepared by nitriding Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} precursor, one PL peak at 561 nm originates from deep-level defects recombination of the oxygen-enriched Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} phases, and another one at 580 nm can be assigned to band recombination of Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} itself. Both of the two bulk recombination processes may decrease themore » photoelectrochemical performance of Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5}. It was difficult to remove the oxygen-enriched impurities in Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} films by increasing the nitriding temperatures due to their high thermodynamically stability. In addition, a broadening PL peak between 600 and 850 nm resulting from oxygen related surface defects was observed by the low-temperature PL measurement, which may induce the surface recombination of photo-generated carriers and can be removed by increasing the nitridation temperature. Our results provided direct experimental evidence to understand the effect of oxygen-related crystal defects in Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} films on its photoelectric performance.« less

Quality Measures for Digital Business Ecosystems Formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raza, Muhammad; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer; Chang, Elizabeth

To execute a complex business task, business entities may need to collaborate with each other as individually they may not have the capability or willingness to perform the task on its own. Such collaboration can be seen implemented in digital business ecosystems in the form of simple coalitions using multi-agent systems or by employing Electronic Institutions. A major challenge is choosing optimal partners who will deliver the agreed commitments, and act in the coalition’s interest. Business entities are scaled according to their quality level. Determining the quality of previously unknown business entities and predicting the quality of such an entity in a dynamic environment are crucial issues in Business Ecosystems. A comprehensive quality management system grounded in the concepts of Trust and Reputation can help address these issues.

First-principles study on doping and temperature dependence of thermoelectric property of Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} thermoelectric material

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guo, Donglin; Hu, Chenguo, E-mail: hucg@cqu.edu.cn; Zhang, Cuiling

2013-05-15

Graphical abstract: The direction-induced ZT is found. At ZZ direction and n = 1.47 × 10{sup 19} cm{sup −3}, the ZT can reach maximal value, 0.36, which is three times as much as maximal laboratorial value. This result matches well the analysis of electron effective mass. Highlights: ► Electrical transportations of Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} depend on the concentration and temperature. ► The direction-induced ZT is found. ► At ZZ direction and n = 1.47 × 10{sup 19} cm{sup −3}, the ZT can reach maximal value, 0.36. ► The maximal ZT value is three times as much as maximal laboratorial value.more » ► By doping and temperature tuning, Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} is a promising thermoelectric material. - Abstract: The electronic structure and thermoelectric property of Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} are investigated. The electron and hole effective mass of Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} is analyzed in detail, from which we find that the thermoelectric transportation varies in different directions in Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3} crystal. Along ac plane the higher figure of merit (ZT) could be achieved. For n-type doped Bi{sub 2}S{sub 3}, the optimal doping concentration is found in the range of (1.0–5.0) × 10{sup 19} cm{sup −3}, in which the maximal ZT reaches 0.21 at 900 K, but along ZZ direction, the maximal ZT reaches 0.36. These findings provide a new understanding of thermoelectricity-dependent structure factors and improving ZT ways. The donor concentration N increases as T increases at one bar of pressure under a suitable chemical potential μ, but above this chemical potential μ, the donor concentration N keeps a constant.« less

Enhanced carrier mobility and direct tunneling probability of biaxially strained Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} alloys for field-effect transistors applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Lei; Liang, Renrong, E-mail: liangrr@tsinghua.edu.cn, E-mail: junxu@tsinghua.edu.cn; Wang, Jing

The carrier transport and tunneling capabilities of biaxially strained Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} alloys with (001), (110), and (111) orientations were comprehensively investigated and compared. The electron band structures of biaxially strained Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} alloys were calculated by the nonlocal empirical pseudopotential method and the modified virtual crystal approximation was adopted in the calculation. The electron and hole effective masses at the band edges were extracted using a parabolic line fit. It is shown that the applied biaxial strain and the high Sn composition are both helpful for the reduction of carrier effective masses, which leads to the enhanced carriermore » mobility and the boosted direct band-to-band-tunneling probability. Furthermore, the strain induced valance band splitting reduces the hole interband scattering, and the splitting also results in the significantly enhanced direct tunneling rate along the out-of-plane direction compared with that along the in-plane direction. The biaxially strained (111) Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} alloys exhibit the smallest band gaps compared with (001) and (110) orientations, leading to the highest in-plane and out-of-plane direct tunneling probabilities. The small effective masses on (110) and (111) planes in some strained conditions also contribute to the enhanced carrier mobility and tunneling probability. Therefore, the biaxially strained (110) and (111) Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} alloys have the potential to outperform the corresponding (001) Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} devices. It is important to optimize the applied biaxial strain, the Sn composition, and the substrate orientation for the design of high performance Ge{sub 1−x}Sn{sub x} field-effect transistors.« less

New observation and combined analysis of the Cs{sub 2} 0{sub g}{sup −}, 0{sub u}{sup +}, and 1{sub g} states at the asymptotes 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 1/2} and 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 3/2}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ma, Jie; Liu, Wenliang; Wu, Jizhou

2014-12-28

We report on new observations of the photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium molecules using a highly sensitive detection technique and a combined analysis with all observed electronic states. The technique is achieved by directly modulating the frequency of the trapping lasers of a magneto-optical trap. New observations of the Cs{sub 2}0{sub g}{sup −}, 0{sub u}{sup +}, and 1{sub g} states at the asymptotes 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 1/2} and 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 3/2} are reported. The spectral range is extended to the red detuning of 112 cm{sup −1} below the 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 3/2} dissociation limit. Dozens ofmore » vibrational levels of the ultracold Cs{sub 2}0{sub g}{sup −}, 0{sub u}{sup +}, and 1{sub g} states are observed for the first time. The available experimental binding energies of these states are analyzed simultaneously in a framework of the generalized LeRoy–Bernstein theory and the almost degenerate perturbation theory by Marinescu and Dalgarno [Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 52, 311 (1995)]. The unique atomic-related parameter c{sub 3} governing the dispersion forces of all the molecular states is estimated as (10.29 ± 0.05) a.u.« less

Enhancing metal-insulator-insulator-metal tunnel diodes via defect enhanced direct tunneling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alimardani, Nasir; Conley, John F., E-mail: jconley@eecs.oregonstate.edu

Metal-insulator-insulator-metal tunnel diodes with dissimilar work function electrodes and nanolaminate Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} bilayer tunnel barriers deposited by atomic layer deposition are investigated. This combination of high and low electron affinity insulators, each with different dominant conduction mechanisms (tunneling and Frenkel-Poole emission), results in improved low voltage asymmetry and non-linearity of current versus voltage behavior. These improvements are due to defect enhanced direct tunneling in which electrons transport across the Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} via defect based conduction before tunneling directly through the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, effectively narrowing the tunnel barrier. Conduction through the device is dominated by tunneling,more » and operation is relatively insensitive to temperature.« less

Internal character dictates transition dynamics between isolation and cohesive grouping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manrique, Pedro D.; Hui, Pak Ming; Johnson, Neil F.

2015-12-01

We show that accounting for internal character among interacting heterogeneous entities generates rich transition behavior between isolation and cohesive dynamical grouping. Our analytical and numerical calculations reveal different critical points arising for different character-dependent grouping mechanisms. These critical points move in opposite directions as the population's diversity decreases. Our analytical theory may help explain why a particular class of universality is so common in the real world, despite the fundamental differences in the underlying entities. It also correctly predicts the nonmonotonic temporal variation in connectivity observed recently in one such system.

Structural investigation of the C-O complex in GaAs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alt, H. Ch.; Kersch, A.; Wagner, H. E.

A carbon-oxygen complex occurring in gallium arsenide crystals after annealing at around 700 °C is studied. Fourier transform infrared absorption measurements on the associated vibrational band at 2060 cm-1 under uniaxial stress reveal that the center has tetragonal symmetry. From the intensity of the {sup 18}O-related satellite band it is concluded that four oxygen atoms are involved. Ab initio local density calculations show that a tetragonal CO{sub 4} molecule forms a stable entity in the gallium arsenide lattice.

Shared service alternatives offer flexibility and tax benefits.

PubMed

Danehy, L J; Scutt, R C; Stonehill, E

1985-05-01

Because the performance of shared service and tax-exempt status under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code can be incompatible, hospitals planning to provide services to each other or to other organizations on a fee-for-service basis may wish to do so through a separate corporate entity. Using either a Section 501(e) shared service organization, a Sub-chapter T cooperative, or a taxable business corporation, a compromise can be reached between operational flexibility and tax benefits.

Disaster Risk Education of Final Year High School Students Requires a Partnership with Families and Charity Organizations: An International Cross-sectional Survey.

PubMed

Codreanu, Tudor A; Celenza, Antonio; Ngo, Hanh

2016-06-01

Introduction The aim of disaster reduction education (DRE) is to achieve behavioral change. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been directed towards this goal, but educational activities have been developed based on unverified assumptions. Further, the literature has not identified any significant change towards disaster preparedness at the individual level. In addition, previous research suggests that change is dependent on multiple independent predictors. It is difficult to determine what specific actions DRE might result in; therefore, the preamble of such an action, which is to have discussions about it, has been chosen as the surrogate outcome measure for DRE success. This study describes the relationship of the perceived entity responsible for disaster education, disaster education per se, sex, and country-specific characteristics, with students discussing disasters with friends and family as a measure of proactive behavioral change in disaster preparedness. A total of 3,829 final year high school students participated in an international, multi-center prospective, cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire. Nine countries with different levels of disaster exposure risk and economic development were surveyed. Regression analyses examined the relationship between the likelihood of discussing disasters with friends and family (dependent variable) and a series of independent variables. There was no statistically significant relationship between a single entity responsible for disaster education and discussions about potential hazards and risks with friends and/or family. While several independent predictors showed a significant main effect, DRE through school lessons in interaction with Family & Charity Organizations had the highest predictive value. Disaster reduction education might require different delivery channels and methods and should engage with the entities with which the teenagers are more likely to collaborate. Codreanu TA , Celenza A , Ngo H . Disaster risk education of final year high school students requires a partnership with families and charity organizations: an international cross-sectional survey. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):242-254.

Implementation of the Zuluaga-Raysmith (Z-R) model for assessment of perceived basic human needs in home health clients and caregivers.

PubMed

Zuluaga, B H

2000-01-01

The Zuluaga-Raysmith (Z-R) model is a conceptual framework that incorporates accepted concepts of universal basic human needs developed by Maslow, yet removes the hierarchical nature of these. The Z-R model recognizes the existence of a health-illness continuum and accepts that an entity (individual, family, aggregate, or community) may move freely in the direction of greater health and self-actualization or towards illness and premature death. The Z-R model identifies 10 basic needs and recognizes that a perceived deficit in any one of these needs can adversely affect the level of wellness of the entity being considered. This exploratory and descriptive study used 11 nurses as interviewers. Subjects consisted of a convenience sample of homebound clients of a home health agency in a metropolitan city, and selected caregivers (n = 27). A modified functional wellness inventory (developed in 1993 by Louvenia Carter) was used with several open-ended questions, which together related to the 10 needs of the Z-R model. Reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.84. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, using means, percentages, and frequencies. Open-ended questions were grouped according to content and ranked in order of frequency. The five most pressing needs of this small sample were income; physical health; opportunity to make a contribution; mobility; and mental, emotional, social, and spiritual health (MESSH). Nurses unanimously reported that use of the instrument and the Z-R model helped them to focus on the total person, identify strengths in their clients, identify perceived needs deficits, and therefore, with the client, facilitate the preparation of a timely and cost-effective interdisciplinary plan of care to help the entity to move to a higher level of wellness despite the presence of chronic disease, disability, or impending death. These findings suggested that further research is warranted to explore the use of the Z-R model. A replication study is in progress.

Adsorption of ammonia at GaN(0001) surface in the mixed ammonia/hydrogen ambient - a summary of ab initio data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kempisty, Paweł; Krukowski, Stanisław; Interdisciplinary Centre for Materials Modelling, Warsaw University, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw

Adsorption of ammonia at NH{sub 3}/NH{sub 2}/H-covered GaN(0001) surface was analyzed using results of ab initio calculations. The whole configuration space of partially NH{sub 3}/NH{sub 2}/H-covered GaN(0001) surface was divided into zones of differently pinned Fermi level: at the Ga broken bond state for dominantly bare surface (region I), at the valence band maximum (VBM) for NH{sub 2} and H-covered surface (region II), and at the conduction band minimum (CBM) for NH{sub 3}-covered surface (region III). The electron counting rule (ECR) extension was formulated for the case of adsorbed molecules. The extensive ab intio calculations show the validity of themore » ECR in case of all mixed H-NH{sub 2}-NH{sub 3} coverages for the determination of the borders between the three regions. The adsorption was analyzed using the recently identified dependence of the adsorption energy on the charge transfer at the surface. For region I ammonia adsorbs dissociatively, disintegrating into a H adatom and a HN{sub 2} radical for a large fraction of vacant sites, while for region II adsorption of ammonia is molecular. The dissociative adsorption energy strongly depends on the Fermi level at the surface (pinned) and in the bulk (unpinned) while the molecular adsorption energy is determined by bonding to surface only, in accordance to the recently published theory. Adsorption of Ammonia in region III (Fermi level pinned at CBM) leads to an unstable configuration both molecular and dissociative, which is explained by the fact that broken Ga-bonds are doubly occupied by electrons. The adsorbing ammonia brings 8 electrons to the surface, necessitating the transfer of these two electrons from the Ga broken bond state to the Fermi level. This is an energetically costly process. Adsorption of ammonia at H-covered site leads to the creation of a NH{sub 2} radical at the surface and escape of H{sub 2} molecule. The process energy is close to 0.12 eV, thus not large, but the direct inverse process is not possible due to the escape of the hydrogen molecule.« less

Detection of Ketenimine (CH2CNH) in SGRB2(N) Hot Cores

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lovas, F. J.; Hollis, J. M.; Remijan, Anthony J.; Jewell, P. R.

2006-01-01

Ketenimine (CH2CNH) has been detected in absorption toward the starforming region Sagittarius B2(N) with the 100-m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) by means of three rotational transitions: 7(sub 16)-8(sub 08) at 41.5 GHz, 8(sub 19)-9(sub 09), at 23.2 GHz, and 9(sub 18)-10(sub 0,10) at 4.9 GHz. Ketenimine has a sparse rotational spectrum below 50 GHz. From transition line strength arguments, the spectral lines found are the ones most likely to be detected and occur in spectral regions that have little possibility of confusion with other molecular species. Partially resolved hyperfine structure is apparent in the 4.9 GHz transition which has energy levels approximately 50 K above ground state level; the absorption seen in this transition appears to be emanating from gas in close proximity to the LMH hot core that has a systemic LSR velocity of +64 kilometers per second. By comparison, the 41.5 GHz and 23.2 GHz transitions have lower energy levels of approximately 33 K and approximately 41 K, respectively; and show absorption against the two star-forming SgrB2(N) hot cores with systematic LSR velocities of +64 (the LMH) and +82 kilometers per second. These ketenimine data show that the hot core at +82 kilometers per second is cooler than the hot core at +64 kilometers per second. Ketenimine is likely formed directly from its isomer methyl cyanide (CH3CN) by tautomerization driven by shocks that pervade the star-forming region.

Two Different Views on the World Around Us: The World of Uniformity versus Diversity.

PubMed

Kwon, JaeHwan; Nayakankuppam, Dhananjay

2016-01-01

We propose that when individuals believe in fixed traits of personality (entity theorists), they are likely to expect a world of "uniformity." As such, they easily infer a population statistic from a small sample of data with confidence. In contrast, individuals who believe in malleable traits of personality (incremental theorists) are likely to presume a world of "diversity," such that they "hesitate" to infer a population statistic from a similarly sized sample. In four laboratory experiments, we found that compared to incremental theorists, entity theorists estimated a population mean from a sample with a greater level of confidence (Studies 1a and 1b), expected more homogeneity among the entities within a population (Study 2), and perceived an extreme value to be more indicative of an outlier (Study 3). These results suggest that individuals are likely to use their implicit self-theory orientations (entity theory versus incremental theory) to see a population in general as a constitution either of homogeneous or heterogeneous entities.

Integrative genomic profiling reveals conserved genetic mechanisms for tumorigenesis in common entities of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PubMed

Green, Michael R; Aya-Bonilla, Carlos; Gandhi, Maher K; Lea, Rod A; Wellwood, Jeremy; Wood, Peter; Marlton, Paula; Griffiths, Lyn R

2011-05-01

Recent developments in genomic technologies have resulted in increased understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and emphasized the importance of central survival pathways. Here, we use a novel bioinformatic based integrative genomic profiling approach to elucidate conserved mechanisms of lymphomagenesis in the three commonest non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) entities: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. By integrating genome-wide DNA copy number analysis and transcriptome profiling of tumor cohorts, we identified genetic lesions present in each entity and highlighted their likely target genes. This revealed a significant enrichment of components of both the apoptosis pathway and the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, including amplification of the MAP3K12 locus in all three entities, within the set of genes targeted by genetic alterations in these diseases. Furthermore, amplification of 12p13.33 was identified in all three entities and found to target the FOXM1 oncogene. Amplification of FOXM1 was subsequently found to be associated with an increased MYC oncogenic signaling signature, and siRNA-mediated knock-down of FOXM1 resulted in decreased MYC expression and induced G2 arrest. Together, these findings underscore genetic alteration of the MAPK and apoptosis pathways, and genetic amplification of FOXM1 as conserved mechanisms of lymphomagenesis in common NHL entities. Integrative genomic profiling identifies common central survival mechanisms and highlights them as attractive targets for directed therapy. 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Computational simulations of hydrogen circular migration in protonated acetylene induced by circularly polarized light

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shi, Xuetao; Li, Wen; Schlegel, H. Bernhard, E-mail: hbs@chem.wayne.edu

2016-08-28

The hydrogens in protonated acetylene are very mobile and can easily migrate around the C{sub 2} core by moving between classical and non-classical structures of the cation. The lowest energy structure is the T-shaped, non-classical cation with a hydrogen bridging the two carbons. Conversion to the classical H{sub 2}CCH{sup +} ion requires only 4 kcal/mol. The effect of circularly polarized light on the migration of hydrogens in oriented C{sub 2}H{sub 3}{sup +} has been simulated by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. Classical trajectory calculations were carried out with the M062X/6-311+G(3df,2pd) level of theory using linearly and circularly polarized 32 cycle 7 μmmore » cosine squared pulses with peak intensity of 5.6 × 10{sup 13} W/cm{sup 2} and 3.15 × 10{sup 13} W/cm{sup 2}, respectively. These linearly and circularly polarized pulses transfer similar amounts of energy and total angular momentum to C{sub 2}H{sub 3}{sup +}. The average angular momentum vectors of the three hydrogens show opposite directions of rotation for right and left circularly polarized light, but no directional preference for linearly polarized light. This difference results in an appreciable amount of angular displacement of the three hydrogens relative to the C{sub 2} core for circularly polarized light, but only an insignificant amount for linearly polarized light. Over the course of the simulation with circularly polarized light, this corresponds to a propeller-like motion of the three hydrogens around the C{sub 2} core of protonated acetylene.« less

The structure of CO{sub 2} hydrate between 0.7 and 1.0 GPa

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tulk, C. A.; Molaison, J. J.; Machida, S.

A deuterated sample of CO{sub 2} structure I (sI) clathrate hydrate (CO{sub 2}·8.3 D{sub 2}O) has been formed and neutron diffraction experiments up to 1.0 GPa at 240 K were performed. The sI CO{sub 2} hydrate transformed at 0.7 GPa into the high pressure phase that had been observed previously by Hirai et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 133, 124511 (2010)] and Bollengier et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 119, 322 (2013)], but which had not been structurally identified. The current neutron diffraction data were successfully fitted to a filled ice structure with CO{sub 2} molecules filling the water channels. This CO{submore » 2}+water system has also been investigated using classical molecular dynamics and density functional ab initio methods to provide additional characterization of the high pressure structure. Both models indicate the water network adapts a MH-III “like” filled ice structure with considerable disorder of the orientations of the CO{sub 2} molecule. Furthermore, the disorder appears to be a direct result of the level of proton disorder in the water network. In contrast to the conclusions of Bollengier et al., our neutron diffraction data show that the filled ice phase can be recovered to ambient pressure (0.1 MPa) at 96 K, and recrystallization to sI hydrate occurs upon subsequent heating to 150 K, possibly by first forming low density amorphous ice. Unlike other clathrate hydrate systems, which transform from the sI or sII structure to the hexagonal structure (sH) then to the filled ice structure, CO{sub 2} hydrate transforms directly from the sI form to the filled ice structure.« less

Nodes, networks, and MUMs: Preserving diversity at all scales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noss, Reed F.; Harris, Larry D.

1986-05-01

The present focus of practical conservation efforts is limited in scope. This narrowness results in an inability to evaluate and manage phenomena that operate at large spatiotemporal scales. Whereas real ecological phenomena function in a space-time mosaic across a full hierarchy of biological entities and processes, current conservation strategies address a limited spectrum of this complexity. Conservation typically is static (time-limited), concentrates on the habitat content rather than the landscape context of protected areas, evaluates relatively homogeneous communities instead of heterogeneous landscapes, and directs attention to particular species populations and/or the aggregate statistic of species diversity. Insufficient attention has been given to broad ecological patterns and processes and to the conservation of species in natural relative abundance patterns (native diversity). The authors present a conceptual scheme that evaluates not only habitat content within protected areas, but also the landscape context in which each preserve exists. Nodes of concentrated ecological value exist in each landscape at all levels in the biological hierarchy. Integration of these high-quality nodes into a functional network is possible through the establishment of a system of interconnected multiple-use modules (MUMs). The MUM network protects and buffers important ecological entities and phenomena, while encouraging movement of individuals, species, nutrients, energy, and even habitat patches across space and time. An example is presented for the southeastern USA (south Georgia-north Florida), that uses riparian and coastal corridors to interconnect existing protected areas. This scheme will facilitate reintroduction and preservation of wide-ranging species such as the Florida panther, and help reconcile species-level and ecosystem-level conservation approaches.

Characteristics of supercritical turbulence from Direct Numerical Simulations of C(sub 7)H(sub 16)/N(sub 2) and O(sub 2)/H(sub 2)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Okong'o, N. A.; Bellan, J.

2003-01-01

Analysis of Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) transitional states of temporal, supercritical mixing layers for C7H16/N2 and O2/H2 shows that the evolution of all layers is characterized by the formation of high-density-gradient magnitude (HDGM) regions.

Acute O3 damage on first year coppice sprouts of aspen and maple sprouts in an open-air experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Darbah, J.N.; Nagy, J.; Jones, W. S.

2011-10-01

We studied the effect of high ozone (O{sub 3}) concentration (110-490 nmol mol{sup -1}) on regenerating aspen (Populus tremuloides) and maple (Acer saccharum) trees at an open-air O{sub 3} pollution experiment near Rhinelander WI USA. This study is the first of its kind to examine the effects of acute O{sub 3} exposure on aspen and maple sprouts after the parent trees, which were grown under elevated O{sub 3} and/or CO{sub 2} for 12 years, were harvested. Acute O{sub 3} damage was not uniform within the crowns of aspen suckers; it was most severe in the mature, fully expanded photosynthesizing leaves.more » Young expanding leaves showed no visible signs of acute O{sub 3} damage contrary to expectations. Stomatal conductance played a primary role in the severity of acute O{sub 3} damage as it directly controlled O{sub 3} uptake. Maple sprouts, which had lower stomatal conductance, smaller stomatal aperture, higher stomatal density and larger leaf surface area, were tolerant of acute O{sub 3} exposure. Moreover, elevated CO{sub 2} did not ameliorate the adverse effects of acute O{sub 3} dose on aspen and maple sprouts, in contrast to its ability to counteract the effects of long-term chronic exposure to lower O{sub 3} levels.« less

Direct Visualization of Local Electromagnetic Field Structures by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy.

PubMed

Shibata, Naoya; Findlay, Scott D; Matsumoto, Takao; Kohno, Yuji; Seki, Takehito; Sánchez-Santolino, Gabriel; Ikuhara, Yuichi

2017-07-18

The functional properties of materials and devices are critically determined by the electromagnetic field structures formed inside them, especially at nanointerface and surface regions, because such structures are strongly associated with the dynamics of electrons, holes and ions. To understand the fundamental origin of many exotic properties in modern materials and devices, it is essential to directly characterize local electromagnetic field structures at such defect regions, even down to atomic dimensions. In recent years, rapid progress in the development of high-speed area detectors for aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with sub-angstrom spatial resolution has opened new possibilities to directly image such electromagnetic field structures at very high-resolution. In this Account, we give an overview of our recent development of differential phase contrast (DPC) microscopy for aberration-corrected STEM and its application to many materials problems. In recent years, we have developed segmented-type STEM detectors which divide the detector plane into 16 segments and enable simultaneous imaging of 16 STEM images which are sensitive to the positions and angles of transmitted/scattered electrons on the detector plane. These detectors also have atomic-resolution imaging capability. Using these segmented-type STEM detectors, we show DPC STEM imaging to be a very powerful tool for directly imaging local electromagnetic field structures in materials and devices in real space. For example, DPC STEM can clearly visualize the local electric field variation due to the abrupt potential change across a p-n junction in a GaAs semiconductor, which cannot be observed by normal in-focus bright-field or annular type dark-field STEM imaging modes. DPC STEM is also very effective for imaging magnetic field structures in magnetic materials, such as magnetic domains and skyrmions. Moreover, real-time imaging of electromagnetic field structures can now be realized through very fast data acquisition, processing, and reconstruction algorithms. If we use DPC STEM for atomic-resolution imaging using a sub-angstrom size electron probe, it has been shown that we can directly observe the atomic electric field inside atoms within crystals and even inside single atoms, the field between the atomic nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud, which possesses information about the atomic species, local chemical bonding and charge redistribution between bonded atoms. This possibility may open an alternative way for directly visualizing atoms and nanostructures, that is, seeing atoms as an entity of electromagnetic fields that reflect the intra- and interatomic electronic structures. In this Account, the current status of aberration-corrected DPC STEM is highlighted, along with some applications in real material and device studies.

Type specimens and basic principles of avian taxonomy

USGS Publications Warehouse

Banks, Richard C.; Goodman, Steven M.; Lanyon, Scott M.; Schulenberg, Thomas S.

1993-01-01

"Ornithology" may be defined as the scientific study of birds. No aspect of avian biology, including management and conservation, can be carried out without reference by name to birds at some taxonomic level. Thus, the names of species of birds, and of groups of species, can fairly be considered to be of primary importance in ornithology. To be useful, these names themselves must be defined and related to biological entities. The definition of a name is accomplished by the designation of a "type." The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, in paragraph (C) of Article 72 (third edition, 1985), establishes criteria for eligibility of a name-bearing type. The type of a species or sub-species name is the biological specimen defined by the name, and later use of the name implies specific or subspecific identity with the type. It is imperative, therefore, that a type be available for study and comparison so that the identity of other material with it can be established.

The Novel Object and Unusual Name (NOUN) Database: A collection of novel images for use in experimental research.

PubMed

Horst, Jessica S; Hout, Michael C

2016-12-01

Many experimental research designs require images of novel objects. Here we introduce the Novel Object and Unusual Name (NOUN) Database. This database contains 64 primary novel object images and additional novel exemplars for ten basic- and nine global-level object categories. The objects' novelty was confirmed by both self-report and a lack of consensus on questions that required participants to name and identify the objects. We also found that object novelty correlated with qualifying naming responses pertaining to the objects' colors. The results from a similarity sorting task (and a subsequent multidimensional scaling analysis on the similarity ratings) demonstrated that the objects are complex and distinct entities that vary along several featural dimensions beyond simply shape and color. A final experiment confirmed that additional item exemplars comprised both sub- and superordinate categories. These images may be useful in a variety of settings, particularly for developmental psychology and other research in the language, categorization, perception, visual memory, and related domains.

Characterization of Departures from Regulatory Requirements Identified During Inspections Conducted by the US Federal Select Agent Program, 2014-15.

PubMed

Bjork, Adam; Sosin, Daniel M

We studied departures from regulatory requirements identified on US Federal Select Agent Program (FSAP) inspections to increase transparency regarding biosafety and security risk at FSAP-regulated entities and identify areas for programmatic improvement. Regulatory departures from inspections led by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention inspectors during 2014-15 were grouped into "biosafety," "security," and "other" observation categories and assigned a risk level and score reflecting perceived severity. The resulting 2,267 biosafety (n = 1,153) and security (n = 1,114) observations from 296 inspections were analyzed by frequency and risk across entity and inspection characteristics. The greatest proportion of biosafety observations involved equipment and facilities (28%), and the greatest proportion of security observations involved access restrictions (33%). The greatest proportion of higher-risk observations for biosafety were containment issues and for security were inventory discrepancies. Commercial entities had the highest median cumulative risk score per inspection (17), followed by private (13), academic (10), federal government (10), and nonfederal government (8). Maximum containment (BSL-4) inspections had higher median biosafety risk per inspection (13) than other inspections (5) and lower security risk (0 vs 4). Unannounced inspections had proportionally more upper risk level observations than announced (biosafety, 21% vs 12%; security, 18% vs 7%). Possessors of select agents had higher median biosafety risk per inspection (6) than nonpossessors (4) and more upper risk level security observations (10% vs 0%). Programmatic changes to balance resources according to entity risk may strengthen FSAP oversight. Varying inspection methods by select agent possession and entity type, and conducting more unannounced inspections, may be beneficial.

Exploring Contextual Models in Chemical Patent Search

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Urbain, Jay; Frieder, Ophir

We explore the development of probabilistic retrieval models for integrating term statistics with entity search using multiple levels of document context to improve the performance of chemical patent search. A distributed indexing model was developed to enable efficient named entity search and aggregation of term statistics at multiple levels of patent structure including individual words, sentences, claims, descriptions, abstracts, and titles. The system can be scaled to an arbitrary number of compute instances in a cloud computing environment to support concurrent indexing and query processing operations on large patent collections.

Intelligent Entity Behavior Within Synthetic Environments. Chapter 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kruk, R. V.; Howells, P. B.; Siksik, D. N.

2007-01-01

This paper describes some elements in the development of realistic performance and behavior in the synthetic entities (players) which support Modeling and Simulation (M&S) applications, particularly military training. Modern human-in-the-loop (virtual) training systems incorporate sophisticated synthetic environments, which provide: 1. The operational environment, including, for example, terrain databases; 2. Physical entity parameters which define performance in engineered systems, such as aircraft aerodynamics; 3. Platform/system characteristics such as acoustic, IR and radar signatures; 4. Behavioral entity parameters which define interactive performance, including knowledge/reasoning about terrain, tactics; and, 5. Doctrine, which combines knowledge and tactics into behavior rule sets. The resolution and fidelity of these model/database elements can vary substantially, but as synthetic environments are designed to be compose able, attributes may easily be added (e.g., adding a new radar to an aircraft) or enhanced (e.g. Amending or replacing missile seeker head/ Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) models to improve the realism of their interaction). To a human in the loop with synthetic entities, their observed veridicality is assessed via engagement responses (e.g. effect of countermeasures upon a closing missile), as seen on systems displays, and visual (image) behavior. The realism of visual models in a simulation (level of detail as well as motion fidelity) remains a challenge in realistic articulation of elements such as vehicle antennae and turrets, or, with human figures; posture, joint articulation, response to uneven ground. Currently the adequacy of visual representation is more dependant upon the quality and resolution of the physical models driving those entities than graphics processing power per Se. Synthetic entities in M&S applications traditionally have represented engineered systems (e.g. aircraft) with human-in-the-loop performance characteristics (e.g. visual acuity) included in the system behavioral specification. As well, performance affecting human parameters such as experience level, fatigue and stress are coming into wider use (via AI approaches) to incorporate more uncertainty as to response type as well as performance (e.g. Where an opposing entity might go and what it might do, as well as how well it might perform).

Bisphosphonates inactivate human EGFRs to exert antitumor actions

PubMed Central

Yuen, Tony; Stachnik, Agnes; Iqbal, Jameel; Sgobba, Miriam; Gupta, Yogesh; Lu, Ping; Colaianni, Graziana; Ji, Yaoting; Zhu, Ling-Ling; Kim, Se-Min; Li, Jianhua; Liu, Peng; Izadmehr, Sudeh; Sangodkar, Jaya; Bailey, Jack; Latif, Yathin; Mujtaba, Shiraz; Epstein, Solomon; Davies, Terry F.; Bian, Zhuan; Zallone, Alberta; Aggarwal, Aneel K.; Haider, Shozeb; New, Maria I.; Sun, Li; Narla, Goutham; Zaidi, Mone

2014-01-01

Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed medicines for osteoporosis and skeletal metastases. The drugs have also been shown to reduce cancer progression, but only in certain patient subgroups, suggesting that there is a molecular entity that mediates bisphosphonate action on tumor cells. Using connectivity mapping, we identified human epidermal growth factor receptors (human EGFR or HER) as a potential new molecular entity for bisphosphonate action. Protein thermal shift and cell-free kinase assays, together with computational modeling, demonstrated that N-containing bisphosphonates directly bind to the kinase domain of HER1/2 to cause a global reduction in downstream signaling. By doing so, the drugs kill lung, breast, and colon cancer cells that are driven by activating mutations or overexpression of HER1. Knocking down HER isoforms thus abrogates cell killing by bisphosphonates, establishing complete HER dependence and ruling out a significant role for other receptor tyrosine kinases or the enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Consistent with this finding, colon cancer cells expressing low levels of HER do not respond to bisphosphonates. The results suggest that bisphosphonates can potentially be repurposed for the prevention and therapy of HER family-driven cancers. PMID:25453081

From data to knowledge through concept-oriented terminologies: experience with the Medical Entities Dictionary.

PubMed

Cimino, J J

2000-01-01

Knowledge representation involves enumeration of conceptual symbols and arrangement of these symbols into some meaningful structure. Medical knowledge representation has traditionally focused more on the structure than the symbols. Several significant efforts are under way, at local, national, and international levels, to address the representation of the symbols though the creation of high-quality terminologies that are themselves knowledge based. This paper reviews these efforts, including the Medical Entities Dictionary (MED) in use at Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital. A decade's experience with the MED is summarized to serve as a proof-of-concept that knowledge-based terminologies can support the use of coded patient data for a variety of knowledge-based activities, including the improved understanding of patient data, the access of information sources relevant to specific patient care problems, the application of expert systems directly to the care of patients, and the discovery of new medical knowledge. The terminological knowledge in the MED has also been used successfully to support clinical application development and maintenance, including that of the MED itself. On the basis of this experience, current efforts to create standard knowledge-based terminologies appear to be justified.

Mind Perception Is the Essence of Morality

PubMed Central

Gray, Kurt; Young, Liane; Waytz, Adam

2012-01-01

Mind perception entails ascribing mental capacities to other entities, whereas moral judgment entails labeling entities as good or bad or actions as right or wrong. We suggest that mind perception is the essence of moral judgment. In particular, we suggest that moral judgment is rooted in a cognitive template of two perceived minds—a moral dyad of an intentional agent and a suffering moral patient. Diverse lines of research support dyadic morality. First, perceptions of mind are linked to moral judgments: dimensions of mind perception (agency and experience) map onto moral types (agents and patients), and deficits of mind perception correspond to difficulties with moral judgment. Second, not only are moral judgments sensitive to perceived agency and experience, but all moral transgressions are fundamentally understood as agency plus experienced suffering—that is, interpersonal harm—even ostensibly harmless acts such as purity violations. Third, dyadic morality uniquely accounts for the phenomena of dyadic completion (seeing agents in response to patients, and vice versa), and moral typecasting (characterizing others as either moral agents or moral patients). Discussion also explores how mind perception can unify morality across explanatory levels, how a dyadic template of morality may be developmentally acquired, and future directions. PMID:22754268

Mind Perception Is the Essence of Morality.

PubMed

Gray, Kurt; Young, Liane; Waytz, Adam

2012-04-01

Mind perception entails ascribing mental capacities to other entities, whereas moral judgment entails labeling entities as good or bad or actions as right or wrong. We suggest that mind perception is the essence of moral judgment. In particular, we suggest that moral judgment is rooted in a cognitive template of two perceived minds-a moral dyad of an intentional agent and a suffering moral patient. Diverse lines of research support dyadic morality. First, perceptions of mind are linked to moral judgments: dimensions of mind perception (agency and experience) map onto moral types (agents and patients), and deficits of mind perception correspond to difficulties with moral judgment. Second, not only are moral judgments sensitive to perceived agency and experience, but all moral transgressions are fundamentally understood as agency plus experienced suffering-that is, interpersonal harm-even ostensibly harmless acts such as purity violations. Third, dyadic morality uniquely accounts for the phenomena of dyadic completion (seeing agents in response to patients, and vice versa), and moral typecasting (characterizing others as either moral agents or moral patients). Discussion also explores how mind perception can unify morality across explanatory levels, how a dyadic template of morality may be developmentally acquired, and future directions.

Certification Framework Based on Effective Trapping for Geologic Carbon Sequestration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Bryant, Steven L.; Nicot, Jean-Philippe

2009-01-15

We have developed a certification framework (CF) for certifying the safety and effectiveness of geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) sites. Safety and effectiveness are achieved if CO{sub 2} and displaced brine have no significant impact on humans, other living things, resources, or the environment. In the CF, we relate effective trapping to CO{sub 2} leakage risk which takes into account both the impact and probability of leakage. We achieve simplicity in the CF by using (1) wells and faults as the potential leakage pathways, (2) compartments to represent environmental resources that may be impacted by leakage, (3) CO{sub 2} fluxes andmore » concentrations in the compartments as proxies for impact to vulnerable entities, (4) broad ranges of storage formation properties to generate a catalog of simulated plume movements, and (5) probabilities of intersection of the CO{sub 2} plume with the conduits and compartments. We demonstrate the approach on a hypothetical GCS site in a Texas Gulf Coast saline formation. Through its generality and flexibility, the CF can contribute to the assessment of risk of CO{sub 2} and brine leakage as part of the certification process for licensing and permitting of GCS sites around the world regardless of the specific regulations in place in any given country.« less

Mortality trends from diabetes mellitus in the seven socioeconomic regions of Mexico, 2000-2007.

PubMed

Sánchez-Barriga, Juan Jesús

2010-11-01

To determine trends in mortality from diabetes mellitus nationwide according to federative entity, socioeconomic region, and sex and to establish the association between education level, federation entity of residence, and socioeconomic region and mortality from diabetes in Mexico during the years 2000-2007. Records of mortality associated with diabetes for 2000-2007 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. This information is generated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics through death certificates. Codes of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, that correspond to the basic cause of death from diabetes mellitus were identified. Rates of mortality by federative entity and socioeconomic region were calculated, along with the strength of association (obtained by Poisson regression) between federative entity of residence, socioeconomic region, and education level and mortality from diabetes. The seven socioeconomic regions elaborated by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics include the 32 federative entities according to indicators related to well-being such as education, occupation, health, housing, and employment. Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from diabetes (relative risk [RR] 2.104, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.089-2.119). The federative entity and socioeconomic region with the strongest association with mortality from diabetes were Mexico City (RR 2.5, CI 2.33-2.68 for 2000; RR 2.06, CI 1.95-2.18 for 2007) and region 7 (RR 2.47, CI 2.36-2.57 for 2000; RR 2.05, CI 1.98-2.13 for 2007). Mortality rates increased from 77.9 to 89.2 per 100,000 inhabitants in the period 2000-2007. Women had higher mortality than men. Individuals who did not complete elementary school had a higher risk of dying from diabetes (RR 2.104, CI 2.089-2.119). Mexico City as federative entity and socioeconomic region 7 presented the strongest association with mortality from diabetes.

Network Inference via the Time-Varying Graphical Lasso

PubMed Central

Hallac, David; Park, Youngsuk; Boyd, Stephen; Leskovec, Jure

2018-01-01

Many important problems can be modeled as a system of interconnected entities, where each entity is recording time-dependent observations or measurements. In order to spot trends, detect anomalies, and interpret the temporal dynamics of such data, it is essential to understand the relationships between the different entities and how these relationships evolve over time. In this paper, we introduce the time-varying graphical lasso (TVGL), a method of inferring time-varying networks from raw time series data. We cast the problem in terms of estimating a sparse time-varying inverse covariance matrix, which reveals a dynamic network of interdependencies between the entities. Since dynamic network inference is a computationally expensive task, we derive a scalable message-passing algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to solve this problem in an efficient way. We also discuss several extensions, including a streaming algorithm to update the model and incorporate new observations in real time. Finally, we evaluate our TVGL algorithm on both real and synthetic datasets, obtaining interpretable results and outperforming state-of-the-art baselines in terms of both accuracy and scalability. PMID:29770256

Masked Proportional Routing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolpert, David H. (Inventor)

2003-01-01

Distributed approach for determining a path connecting adjacent network nodes, for probabilistically or deterministically transporting an entity, with entity characteristic mu from a source node to a destination node. Each node i is directly connected to an arbitrary number J(mu) of nodes, labeled or numbered j=jl, j2, .... jJ(mu). In a deterministic version, a J(mu)-component baseline proportion vector p(i;mu) is associated with node i. A J(mu)-component applied proportion vector p*(i;mu) is determined from p(i;mu) to preclude an entity visiting a node more than once. Third and fourth J(mu)-component vectors, with components iteratively determined by Target(i;n(mu);mu),=alpha(mu).Target(i;n(mu)-1;mu)j+beta(mu).p* (i;mu)j and Actual(i;n(mu);+a(mu)j. Actual(i;n(mu)-l;mu)j+beta(mu).Sent(i;j'(mu);n(mu)-1;mu)j, are computed, where n(mu) is an entity sequence index and alpha(mu) and beta(mu) are selected numbers. In one embodiment, at each node i, the node j=j'(mu) with the largest vector component difference, Target(i;n(mu);mu)j'- Actual (i;n(mu);mu)j'. is chosen for the next link for entity transport, except in special gap circumstances, where the same link is optionally used for transporting consecutively arriving entities. The network nodes may be computer-controlled routers that switch collections of packets, frames, cells or other information units. Alternatively, the nodes may be waypoints for movement of physical items in a network or for transformation of a physical item. The nodes may be states of an entity undergoing state transitions, where allowed transitions are specified by the network and/or the destination node.

Different alterations in brain functional networks according to direct and indirect topological connections in patients with schizophrenia.

PubMed

Park, Chang-Hyun; Lee, Seungyup; Kim, Taewon; Won, Wang Yeon; Lee, Kyoung-Uk

2017-10-01

Schizophrenia displays connectivity deficits in the brain, but the literature has shown inconsistent findings about alterations in global efficiency of brain functional networks. We supposed that such inconsistency at the whole brain level may be due to a mixture of different portions of global efficiency at sub-brain levels. Accordingly, we considered measuring portions of global efficiency in two aspects: spatial portions by considering sub-brain networks and topological portions by considering contributions to global efficiency according to direct and indirect topological connections. We proposed adjacency and indirect adjacency as new network parameters attributable to direct and indirect topological connections, respectively, and applied them to graph-theoretical analysis of brain functional networks constructed from resting state fMRI data of 22 patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls. Group differences in the network parameters were observed not for whole brain and hemispheric networks, but for regional networks. Alterations in adjacency and indirect adjacency were in opposite directions, such that adjacency increased, but indirect adjacency decreased in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, over connections in frontal and parietal regions, increased adjacency was associated with more severe negative symptoms, while decreased adjacency was associated with more severe positive symptoms of schizophrenia. This finding indicates that connectivity deficits associated with positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia may involve topologically different paths in the brain. In patients with schizophrenia, although changes in global efficiency may not be clearly shown, different alterations in brain functional networks according to direct and indirect topological connections could be revealed at the regional level. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Detection and categorization of bacteria habitats using shallow linguistic analysis

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Background Information regarding bacteria biotopes is important for several research areas including health sciences, microbiology, and food processing and preservation. One of the challenges for scientists in these domains is the huge amount of information buried in the text of electronic resources. Developing methods to automatically extract bacteria habitat relations from the text of these electronic resources is crucial for facilitating research in these areas. Methods We introduce a linguistically motivated rule-based approach for recognizing and normalizing names of bacteria habitats in biomedical text by using an ontology. Our approach is based on the shallow syntactic analysis of the text that include sentence segmentation, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, partial parsing, and lemmatization. In addition, we propose two methods for identifying bacteria habitat localization relations. The underlying assumption for the first method is that discourse changes with a new paragraph. Therefore, it operates on a paragraph-basis. The second method performs a more fine-grained analysis of the text and operates on a sentence-basis. We also develop a novel anaphora resolution method for bacteria coreferences and incorporate it with the sentence-based relation extraction approach. Results We participated in the Bacteria Biotope (BB) Task of the BioNLP Shared Task 2013. Our system (Boun) achieved the second best performance with 68% Slot Error Rate (SER) in Sub-task 1 (Entity Detection and Categorization), and ranked third with an F-score of 27% in Sub-task 2 (Localization Event Extraction). This paper reports the system that is implemented for the shared task, including the novel methods developed and the improvements obtained after the official evaluation. The extensions include the expansion of the OntoBiotope ontology using the training set for Sub-task 1, and the novel sentence-based relation extraction method incorporated with anaphora resolution for Sub-task 2. These extensions resulted in promising results for Sub-task 1 with a SER of 68%, and state-of-the-art performance for Sub-task 2 with an F-score of 53%. Conclusions Our results show that a linguistically-oriented approach based on the shallow syntactic analysis of the text is as effective as machine learning approaches for the detection and ontology-based normalization of habitat entities. Furthermore, the newly developed sentence-based relation extraction system with the anaphora resolution module significantly outperforms the paragraph-based one, as well as the other systems that participated in the BB Shared Task 2013. PMID:26201262

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Góra, Joanna, E-mail: joanna.gora@akhwien.at; EBG MedAustron GmbH, Wiener Neustadt; Stock, Markus

Purpose: To investigate robust margin strategies in intensity modulated proton therapy to account for interfractional organ motion in prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: For 9 patients, one planning computed tomography (CT) scan and daily and weekly cone beam CTs (CBCTs) were acquired and coregistered. The following planning target volume (PTV) approaches were investigated: a clinical target volume (CTV) delineated on the planning CT (CTV{sub ct}) plus 10-mm margin (PTV{sub 10mm}); a reduced PTV (PTV{sub Red}): CTV{sub ct} plus 5 mm in the left-right (LR) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions and 8 mm in the inferior-superior (IS) directions; and a PTV{sub Hull}more » method: the sum of CTV{sub ct} and CTVs from 5 CBCTs from the first week plus 3 mm in the LR and IS directions and 5 mm in the AP direction. For each approach, separate plans were calculated using a spot-scanning technique with 2 lateral fields. Results: Each approach achieved excellent target coverage. Differences were observed in volume receiving 98% of the prescribed dose (V{sub 98%}) where PTV{sub Hull} and PTV{sub Red} results were superior to the PTV{sub 10mm} concept. The PTV{sub Hull} approach was more robust to organ motion. The V{sub 98%} for CTVs was 99.7%, whereas for PTV{sub Red} and PTV{sub 10mm} plans, V{sub 98%} was 98% and 96.1%, respectively. Doses to organs at risk were higher for PTV{sub Hull} and PTV{sub 10mm} plans than for PTV{sub Red}, but only differences between PTV{sub 10mm} and PTV{sub Red} were significant. Conclusions: In terms of organ sparing, the PTV{sub 10mm} method was inferior but not significantly different from the PTV{sub Red} and PTV{sub Hull} approaches. PTV{sub Hull} was most insensitive to target motion.« less

Efficient key pathway mining: combining networks and OMICS data.

PubMed

Alcaraz, Nicolas; Friedrich, Tobias; Kötzing, Timo; Krohmer, Anton; Müller, Joachim; Pauling, Josch; Baumbach, Jan

2012-07-01

Systems biology has emerged over the last decade. Driven by the advances in sophisticated measurement technology the research community generated huge molecular biology data sets. These comprise rather static data on the interplay of biological entities, for instance protein-protein interaction network data, as well as quite dynamic data collected for studying the behavior of individual cells or tissues in accordance with changing environmental conditions, such as DNA microarrays or RNA sequencing. Here we bring the two different data types together in order to gain higher level knowledge. We introduce a significantly improved version of the KeyPathwayMiner software framework. Given a biological network modelled as a graph and a set of expression studies, KeyPathwayMiner efficiently finds and visualizes connected sub-networks where most components are expressed in most cases. It finds all maximal connected sub-networks where all nodes but k exceptions are expressed in all experimental studies but at most l exceptions. We demonstrate the power of the new approach by comparing it to similar approaches with gene expression data previously used to study Huntington's disease. In addition, we demonstrate KeyPathwayMiner's flexibility and applicability to non-array data by analyzing genome-scale DNA methylation profiles from colorectal tumor cancer patients. KeyPathwayMiner release 2 is available as a Cytoscape plugin and online at http://keypathwayminer.mpi-inf.mpg.de.

The SERGISAI procedure for seismic risk assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zonno, G.; Garcia-Fernandez, M.; Jimenez, M.J.; Menoni, S.; Meroni, F.; Petrini, V.

The European project SERGISAI developed a computational tool where amethodology for seismic risk assessment at different geographical scales hasbeen implemented. Experts of various disciplines, including seismologists,engineers, planners, geologists, and computer scientists, co-operated in anactual multidisciplinary process to develop this tool. Standard proceduralcodes, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and Artificial Intelligence(AI) techniques compose the whole system, that will enable the end userto carry out a complete seismic risk assessment at three geographical scales:regional, sub-regional and local. At present, single codes or models thathave been incorporated are not new in general, but the modularity of theprototype, based on a user-friendly front-end, offers potential users thepossibility of updating or replacing any code or model if desired. Theproposed procedure is a first attempt to integrate tools, codes and methodsfor assessing expected earthquake damage, and it was mainly designedto become a useful support for civil defence and land use planning agencies.Risk factors have been treated in the most suitable way for each one, interms of level of detail, kind of parameters and units of measure.Identifying various geographical scales is not a mere question of dimension;since entities to be studied correspond to areas defined by administrativeand geographical borders. The procedure was applied in the following areas:Toscana in Italy, for the regional scale, the Garfagnana area in Toscana, forthe sub-regional scale, and a part of Barcelona city, Spain, for the localscale.

78 FR 17294 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-21

... outsourcing and liability concerns. Air France considered that the cost of the replacement is not justified by... significant economic impact, positive or negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the...

78 FR 9357 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-08

...) requires all Federal agencies to obtain taxpayer identifying number (TINs) from all individuals and entities they enter into a direct payment agreement with to furnish the TIN whenever a request for payment...

29 CFR 801.8 - Employment relationship.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... broadly defines “employer” to include “any person acting directly or indirectly in the interest of an... vocational trade schools with respect to persons who may be referred to potential employers. Such entities...

The Evolution of Stellar Coronae: Initial Results from a ROSAT PSPC Observation of IC 2391

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patten, Brian M.; Simon, Theodore

1993-01-01

A 23 ks ROSAT PSPC image of the young star cluster, IC 2391, reveals 76 soft x-ray sources with L(sub x)(0.2-2.0 keV) greater than or equal to 2 x 10(exp 28) ergs/s in the direction of the cluster center. Nineteen of these sources are associated with known cluster members. We find that x-ray emission from the IC 2391 B stars deviates widely from the L(sub x)/L(sub bol) = 10(exp -7) relation based on Einstein observations of O and early B stars. Instead, we observe a wide range in L(sub x) with an order of magnitude spread at any given mass and no apparent dependence on spectral type. A comparison of the spread of L(sub x) as a function of B-V for low-mass stars between IC 2391 and the much older Hyades cluster shows that despite the factor of approx. 10 difference in their ages, these two clusters exhibit very similar dispersions in levels of stellar activity. We conclude that the low-mass stars in IC 2391 have arrived on the ZAMS with a wide range of coronal activity levels, from very strong to very weak, and that existing empirical activity-age scaling laws therefore cannot be valid.

Direct determination of energy level alignment and charge transport at metal-Alq3 interfaces via ballistic-electron-emission spectroscopy.

PubMed

Jiang, J S; Pearson, J E; Bader, S D

2011-04-15

Using ballistic-electron-emission spectroscopy (BEES), we directly determined the energy barrier for electron injection at clean interfaces of Alq(3) with Al and Fe to be 2.1 and 2.2 eV, respectively. We quantitatively modeled the sub-barrier BEES spectra with an accumulated space charge layer, and found that the transport of nonballistic electrons is consistent with random hopping over the injection barrier.

49 CFR 37.77 - Purchase or lease of new non-rail vehicles by public entities operating a demand responsive...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Purchase or lease of new non-rail vehicles by... DISABILITIES (ADA) Acquisition of Accessible Vehicles By Public Entities § 37.77 Purchase or lease of new non... use wheelchairs, equivalent to the level of service it provides to individuals without disabilities...

Investigations of Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1−x}TiO{sub 3} ceramics and powders prepared by direct current arc discharge technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Shuangbin; Wang, Xiaohan; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

2014-09-01

Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1−x}TiO{sub 3} ceramics with x ranging from 0 to 1 were prepared by direct current arc discharge technique and studied by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The cubic-tetragonal ferroelectric phase transition in Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1−x}TiO{sub 3} ceramics was found to occur at x ≈ 0.75. XRD investigation of as-grown BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics revealed co-existence of tetragonal and hexagonal modifications with a small amount of impurity phase BaTi{sub 4}O{sub 9}. No evidences of hexagonal phase were observed in Raman spectra of as-grown BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics, while Raman peaks related to hexagonal phase were clearly observed in the spectrummore » of fine-grain powders prepared from the same ceramics. A core-shell model for BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics prepared by direct current arc discharge technique is proposed. Absence of the hexagonal phase in any Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1−x}TiO{sub 3} solid solution with x < 1 is discussed in the frame of specific atomic arrangement.« less

Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Process Description language Level 1 Version 1.3.

PubMed

Moodie, Stuart; Le Novère, Nicolas; Demir, Emek; Mi, Huaiyu; Villéger, Alice

2015-09-04

The Systems Biological Graphical Notation (SBGN) is an international community effort for standardized graphical representations of biological pathways and networks. The goal of SBGN is to provide unambiguous pathway and network maps for readers with different scientific backgrounds as well as to support efficient and accurate exchange of biological knowledge between different research communities, industry, and other players in systems biology. Three SBGN languages, Process Description (PD), Entity Relationship (ER) and Activity Flow (AF), allow for the representation of different aspects of biological and biochemical systems at different levels of detail. The SBGN Process Description language represents biological entities and processes between these entities within a network. SBGN PD focuses on the mechanistic description and temporal dependencies of biological interactions and transformations. The nodes (elements) are split into entity nodes describing, e.g., metabolites, proteins, genes and complexes, and process nodes describing, e.g., reactions and associations. The edges (connections) provide descriptions of relationships (or influences) between the nodes, such as consumption, production, stimulation and inhibition. Among all three languages of SBGN, PD is the closest to metabolic and regulatory pathways in biological literature and textbooks, but its well-defined semantics offer a superior precision in expressing biological knowledge.

A class of monolayer metal halogenides MX{sub 2}: Electronic structures and band alignments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Feng; Wang, Weichao; Luo, Xiaoguang

2016-03-28

With systematic first principles calculations, a class of monolayer metal halogenides MX{sub 2} (M = Mg, Ca, Zn, Cd, Ge, Pb; M = Cl, Br, I) has been proposed. Our study indicates that these monolayer materials are semiconductors with the band gaps ranging from 2.03 eV of ZnI{sub 2} to 6.08 eV of MgCl{sub 2}. Overall, the band gap increases with the increase of the electronegativity of the X atom or the atomic number of the metal M. Meanwhile, the band gaps of monolayer MgX{sub 2} (X = Cl, Br) are direct while those of other monolayers are indirect. Based on the band edge curvatures, the derived electronmore » (m{sub e}) and hole (m{sub h}) effective masses of MX{sub 2} monolayers are close to their corresponding bulk values except that the m{sub e} of CdI{sub 2} is three times larger and the m{sub h} for PbI{sub 2} is twice larger. Finally, the band alignments of all the studied MX{sub 2} monolayers are provided using the vacuum level as energy reference. These theoretical results may not only introduce the monolayer metal halogenides family MX{sub 2} into the emerging two-dimensional materials, but also provide insights into the applications of MX{sub 2} in future electronic, visible and ultraviolet optoelectronic devices.« less

25 CFR 502.17 - Person having a direct or indirect financial interest in a management contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Person having a direct or indirect financial interest in a management contract. 502.17 Section 502.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT... (10) shareholders for a privately held corporation; (e) When an entity other than a natural person has...

17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

17 CFR 260.0-2 - Definitions of terms used in the rules and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Electronic filing. The term electronic filing means a document under the federal securities laws that is... “control” means the power to direct the management and policies of a person, directly or through one or...) Electronic filer. The term electronic filer means a person or an entity that submits filings electronically...

46 CFR 356.11 - Impermissible control by a Non-Citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Trustee that is exercising loan and mortgage covenants on behalf of a beneficiary that qualifies as a..., or any other means whatsoever: (1) Has the right to direct the business of the entity which owns the Fishing Industry Vessel. The right to “direct the business of the entity” does not include the right to...

46 CFR 356.11 - Impermissible control by a Non-Citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Trustee that is exercising loan and mortgage covenants on behalf of a beneficiary that qualifies as a..., or any other means whatsoever: (1) Has the right to direct the business of the entity which owns the Fishing Industry Vessel. The right to “direct the business of the entity” does not include the right to...

46 CFR 356.11 - Impermissible control by a Non-Citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Trustee that is exercising loan and mortgage covenants on behalf of a beneficiary that qualifies as a..., or any other means whatsoever: (1) Has the right to direct the business of the entity which owns the Fishing Industry Vessel. The right to “direct the business of the entity” does not include the right to...

46 CFR 356.11 - Impermissible control by a Non-Citizen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Trustee that is exercising loan and mortgage covenants on behalf of a beneficiary that qualifies as a..., or any other means whatsoever: (1) Has the right to direct the business of the entity which owns the Fishing Industry Vessel. The right to “direct the business of the entity” does not include the right to...

A review of national and international activities on modeling the effects of increased CO/sub 2/ concentrations on the simulation of regional crop production: (A report on linkage between climate and crop models): Progress report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Decker, W.L.; Achutuni, R.

1987-01-01

General circulation models have been used to estimate the probable changes in climate due to increased levels of carbon dioxide. These models, generally, project increases in the mean surface temperatures; but changes in precipitation due to CO/sub 2/ enrichment are not as clear. It appears that some process models, which utilize a minimum amount of empiricism, can be adopted for use in studying the impacts of both climate change scenarios and the direct effects of CO/sub 2/ fertilization. The CERES-Maize, CERES-Wheat, SORGF, GLYCIM, and SOYGRO are among those classified for this use. There is a great deal of effort beingmore » directed toward these developments. A WMO/UNEP/ICSU focus has sponsored at least two European meetings but with only limited success for testing production models. A similar effort has been conducted by the Commission of European Communities. An attempt has been made to modify the CERES models, which have been used in climate studies, for use in simulation of the direct effects. Initial simulations involving this modification, show that doubling CO/sub 2/ will increase corn production 12 to 30% at locations in northern Illinois for the four-year period 1982 to 1985. The increase in yield due to higher photosynthesis showed a greater effect than the impact of decreased transpiration.« less

Direct and inverse theorems on approximation by root functions of a regular boundary-value problem

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radzievskii, G V

2006-08-31

One considers the spectral problem x{sup (n)}+ Fx={lambda}x with boundary conditions U{sub j}(x)=0, j=1,...,n, for functions x on [0,1]. It is assumed that F is a linear bounded operator from the Hoelder space C{sup {gamma}}, {gamma} element of [0,n-1), into L{sub 1} and the U{sub j} are bounded linear functionals on C{sup k{sub j}} with k{sub j} element of {l_brace}0,...,n- 1{r_brace}. Let P{sub {zeta}} be the linear span of the root functions of the problem x{sup (n)}+ Fx={lambda}x, U{sub j}(x)=0, j=1,...,n, corresponding to the eigenvalues {lambda}{sub k} with |{lambda}{sub k}|<{zeta}{sup n}, and let E{sub {zeta}}(f){sub W{sub p}{sup l}}:=inf{l_brace}||f-g||{sub W{sub p}{supmore » l}}:g element of P{sub {zeta}}{r_brace}. An estimate of E{sub {zeta}}(f){sub W{sub p}{sup l}} is obtained in terms of the K-functional K({zeta}{sup -m},f;W{sub p}{sup l},W{sub p,U}{sup l+m}):= inf{l_brace}||f-x||{sub W{sub p}{sup l}}+{zeta}{sup -m}||x||{sub W{sub p}{sup l}{sup +}{sup m}}:x element of W{sub p}{sup l+m}, U{sub j}(x)=0 for k{sub j}

Thyroid hormone receptor inhibits hepatoma cell migration through transcriptional activation of Dickkopf 4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chi, Hsiang-Cheng; Liao, Chen-Hsin; Huang, Ya-Hui

Highlights: •T{sub 3} affects DKK4 mRNA and protein expression in HepG2-TR cells. •Regulation of DKK4 by T{sub 3} is at transcriptional level. •DKK4 overexpression suppresses hepatoma cell metastasis. -- Abstract: Triiodothyronine (T{sub 3}) is a potent form of thyroid hormone mediates several physiological processes including cellular growth, development, and differentiation via binding to the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR). Recent studies have demonstrated critical roles of T{sub 3}/TR in tumor progression. Moreover, long-term hypothyroidism appears to be associated with the incidence of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), independent of other major HCC risk factors. Dickkopf (DKK) 4, a secreted protein thatmore » antagonizes the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, is induced by T{sub 3} at both mRNA and protein levels in HCC cell lines. However, the mechanism underlying T{sub 3}-mediated regulation of DKK4 remains unknown. In the present study, the 5′ promoter region of DKK4 was serially deleted, and the reporter assay performed to localize the T{sub 3} response element (TRE). Consequently, we identified an atypical direct repeat TRE between nucleotides −1645 and −1629 conferring T{sub 3} responsiveness to the DKK4 gene. This region was further validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Stable DKK4 overexpression in SK-Hep-1 cells suppressed cell invasion and metastatic potential, both in vivo andin vitro, via reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression. Our findings collectively suggest that DKK4 upregulated by T{sub 3}/TR antagonizes the Wnt signal pathway to suppress tumor cell progression, thus providing new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying thyroid hormone activity in HCC.« less

An attention-based BiLSTM-CRF approach to document-level chemical named entity recognition.

PubMed

Luo, Ling; Yang, Zhihao; Yang, Pei; Zhang, Yin; Wang, Lei; Lin, Hongfei; Wang, Jian

2018-04-15

In biomedical research, chemical is an important class of entities, and chemical named entity recognition (NER) is an important task in the field of biomedical information extraction. However, most popular chemical NER methods are based on traditional machine learning and their performances are heavily dependent on the feature engineering. Moreover, these methods are sentence-level ones which have the tagging inconsistency problem. In this paper, we propose a neural network approach, i.e. attention-based bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory with a conditional random field layer (Att-BiLSTM-CRF), to document-level chemical NER. The approach leverages document-level global information obtained by attention mechanism to enforce tagging consistency across multiple instances of the same token in a document. It achieves better performances with little feature engineering than other state-of-the-art methods on the BioCreative IV chemical compound and drug name recognition (CHEMDNER) corpus and the BioCreative V chemical-disease relation (CDR) task corpus (the F-scores of 91.14 and 92.57%, respectively). Data and code are available at https://github.com/lingluodlut/Att-ChemdNER. yangzh@dlut.edu.cn or wangleibihami@gmail.com. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Segregation of anterior temporal regions critical for retrieving names of unique and nonunique entities reflects underlying long-range connectivity

PubMed Central

Mehta, Sonya; Inoue, Kayo; Rudrauf, David; Damasio, Hanna; Tranel, Daniel; Grabowski, Thomas

2015-01-01

Lesion-deficit studies support the hypothesis that the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) plays a critical role in retrieving names of concrete entities. They further suggest that different regions of the left ATL process different conceptual categories. Here we test the specificity of these relationships and whether the anatomical segregation is related to the underlying organization of white matter connections. We reanalyzed data from a previous lesion study of naming and recognition across five categories of concrete entities. In voxelwise logistic regressions of lesion-deficit associations, we formally incorporated measures of disconnection of long-range association fiber tracts (FTs) and covaried for recognition and non-category specific naming deficits. We also performed fiber tractwise analyses to assess whether damage to specific FTs was preferentially associated with category-selective naming deficits. Damage to the basolateral ATL was associated with naming deficits for both unique (famous faces) and non-unique entities, whereas the damage to the temporal pole was associated with naming deficits for unique entities only. This segregation pattern remained after accounting for comorbid recognition deficits or naming deficits in other categories. The tractwise analyses showed that damage to the uncinate fasciculus was associated with naming impairments for unique entities, while damage to the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was associated with naming impairments for non-unique entities. Covarying for FT transection in voxelwise analyses rendered the cortical association for unique entities more focal. These results are consistent with the partial segregation of brain system support for name retrieval of unique and non-unique entities at both the level of cortical components and underlying white matter fiber bundles. Our study reconciles theoretic accounts of the functional organization of the left ATL by revealing both category-related processing and semantic hub sectors. PMID:26707082

Form of silicon and method of making the same

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Strobel, Timothy A.; Kim, Duck Young; Kurakevych, Oleksandr O.

The invention relates to a new phase of silicon, Si.sub.24, and a method of making the same. Si.sub.24 has a quasi-direct band gap, with a direct gap value of 1.34 eV and an indirect gap value of 1.3 eV. The invention also relates to a compound of the formula Na.sub.4Si.sub.24 and a method of making the same. N.sub.a4Si.sub.24 may be used as a precursor to make Si.sub.24.

Multipass comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dooley, James H; Lanning, David N

A process of comminution of wood chips (C) having a grain direction to produce a mixture of wood particles (P), wherein the wood chips are characterized by an average length dimension (L.sub.C) as measured substantially parallel to the grain, an average width dimension (W.sub.C) as measured normal to L.sub.C and aligned cross grain, and an average height dimension (H.sub.C) as measured normal to W.sub.C and L.sub.C, and wherein the comminution process comprises the step of feeding the wood chips in a direction of travel substantially randomly to the grain direction one or more times through a counter rotating pair ofmore » intermeshing arrays of cutting discs (D) arrayed axially perpendicular to the direction of wood chip travel.« less

Tensile stress induced depolarization in [001]-poled transverse mode Pb(Zn{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3} -(6-7)%PbTiO{sub 3} single crystals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shukla, Rahul; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260; Lim, Leong-Chew

2011-04-01

This paper investigates the effects of electrically induced and direct tensile stress on the deformation and dielectric properties of Pb(Zn{sub 1/3}Nb{sub 2/3})O{sub 3}-(6-7)%PbTiO{sub 3} single crystals of [110]{sup L}x[001]{sup T} cut by using a unimorph sample and a four-point-bend (FPB) sample, respectively. The results show a dip in tip displacement for the unimorph sample at sufficiently high electric field parallel to the poling field direction and a sudden rise in capacitance for the FPB sample at sufficiently high tensile stress in the [110] crystal direction, respectively. These phenomena are attributed to the tensile stress induced rhombohedral-to-orthorhombic phase transition and associatedmore » depolarization events in the crystal. For the said crystal cut, the obtained tensile depoling stress is in the range of 15-20 MPa. The present work furthermore shows that the occurrence of tensile stress-induced depolarization is possible even when the direction of the applied electric field is parallel to the poling field direction, as in the unimorph sample examined.« less

Approximate Simulation of Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia with Normobaric Hypoxia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Conkin, J.; Wessel, J. H., III

2011-01-01

INTRODUCTION. Some manufacturers of reduced oxygen (O2) breathing devices claim a comparable hypobaric hypoxia (HH) training experience by providing F(sub I) O2 < 0.209 at or near sea level pressure to match the ambient O2 partial pressure (iso-pO2) of the target altitude. METHODS. Literature from investigators and manufacturers indicate that these devices may not properly account for the 47 mmHg of water vapor partial pressure that reduces the inspired partial pressure of O2 (P(sub I) O2). Nor do they account for the complex reality of alveolar gas composition as defined by the Alveolar Gas Equation. In essence, by providing iso-pO2 conditions for normobaric hypoxia (NH) as for HH exposures the devices ignore P(sub A)O2 and P(sub A)CO2 as more direct agents to induce signs and symptoms of hypoxia during acute training exposures. RESULTS. There is not a sufficient integrated physiological understanding of the determinants of P(sub A)O2 and P(sub A)CO2 under acute NH and HH given the same hypoxic pO2 to claim a device that provides isohypoxia. Isohypoxia is defined as the same distribution of hypoxia signs and symptoms under any circumstances of equivalent hypoxic dose, and hypoxic pO2 is an incomplete hypoxic dose. Some devices that claim an equivalent HH experience under NH conditions significantly overestimate the HH condition, especially when simulating altitudes above 10,000 feet (3,048 m). CONCLUSIONS. At best, the claim should be that the devices provide an approximate HH experience since they only duplicate the ambient pO2 at sea level as at altitude (iso-pO2 machines). An approach to reduce the overestimation is to at least provide machines that create the same P(sub I)O2 (iso-P(sub I)O2 machines) conditions at sea level as at the target altitude, a simple software upgrade.

Ammonium salt corrosion in hydrotreating unit stripper column overhead systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shargay, C.A.; Jacobs, G.E.; Price, M.D.

In the past, the presence of ammonium bisulfide (NH{sub 4}HS) or ammonium chloride (NH{sub 4}Cl) in hydrotreater stripper overheads was relatively rare. However, designs of newer units and revamps to older units, are resulting in corrosive levels of NH{sub 4}HS or NH{sub 4}Cl in overhead systems. This is primarily due to the addition of a hot high pressure separator (HHPS) with the bottoms going directly (or through another separator) to the stripper. This paper presents data on one corrosion case history in detail, a summary of another case history reported in Retln-Cor 3.0 and the results of a brief surveymore » targeted to units with HHPS designs. Some correlations of the process conditions to the severity of corrosion are made based on the survey results, and recommended materials selection and other corrosion control methods to minimize the risk of this problem are given.« less

Magnetic moment directions and distributions of cations in Cr (Co) substituted spinel ferrites Ni{sub 0.7}Fe{sub 2.3}O{sub 4}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xue, L. C.; Lang, L. L.; Li, Z. Z.

2015-09-15

Powder samples of the spinel ferrites M{sub x}Ni{sub 0.7−x}Fe{sub 2.3}O{sub 4} (M = Cr, Co and 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) and Cr{sub x}Ni{sub 0.7}Fe{sub 2.3−x}O{sub 4} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) were synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method. The XRD spectra confirmed that the samples had a single-phase cubic spinel structure. Magnetic measurements showed that the magnetic moments (μ{sub exp}) per formula both at 10 K and 300 K increased with Co substitution, while the values of μ{sub exp} decreased with Cr substitution. Applying the assumption that the magnetic moments of Cr{sup 2+} and Cr{sup 3+} lie antiparallel tomore » those of the divalent and trivalent Fe, Co, and Ni cations in the same sublattice of spinel ferrites, these interesting behaviors could be easily interpreted. The cation distributions of the three series of samples were estimated successfully by fitting the dependences of μ{sub exp}, measured at 10 K, on the doping level x, using a quantum-mechanical potential barrier model earlier proposed by our group. The results obtained for the Cr cation distributions at the (A) and [B] sites are very close to those obtained elsewhere using neutron diffraction.« less

Energetic neutron beams generated from femtosecond laser plasma interactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zulick, C.; Dollar, F.; Chvykov, V.

2013-03-25

Experiments at the HERCULES laser facility have produced directional neutron beams with energies up to 16.8({+-}0.3) MeV using {sub 1}{sup 2}d(d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He,{sub 7}{sup 3}Li(p,n){sub 4}{sup 7}Be,and{sub 3}{sup 7}Li(d,n){sub 4}{sup 8}Be reactions. Efficient {sub 1}{sup 2}Li(d,n){sub 4}{sup 8}Be reactions required the selective acceleration of deuterons through the introduction of a deuterated plastic or cryogenically frozen D{sub 2}O layer on the surface of a thin film target. The measured neutron yield was {<=}1.0 ({+-}0.5) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 7} neutrons/sr with a flux 6.2({+-}3.7) times higher in the forward direction than at 90{sup Degree-Sign }. This demonstrates that femtosecond lasers are capable ofmore » providing a time averaged neutron flux equivalent to commercial {sub 1}{sup 2}d(d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He generators with the advantage of a directional beam with picosecond bunch duration.« less

75 FR 13239 - Airworthiness Directives; SOCATA Model TBM 700 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-19

... impact, positive or negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria of the... airplanes, all serial numbers (SNs), that: (1) Are certificated in any category; and (2) Are equipped with...

7 CFR 1410.42 - Annual rental payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... amount and in accordance with such time schedule as may be agreed upon and specified in the CRP contract... rental payments that a person or legal entity may receive, directly or indirectly, under CRP for any...

Rangeland -- Plant responses to elevated CO sub 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Owensby, C.E.; Coyne, P.I.; Ham, J.M.

1992-01-01

Several broad conclusions which can be drawn from the work that was accomplished during the first 3-year phase of the study is described. In prairie ecosystems dominated by C{sub 4} grasses, it is likely that elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2} will increase ecosystem level productivity, with a greater increase in belowground productivity. The increased productivity will primarily result from increased water use efficiency due to the anti-transpirant action of CO{sub 2}. Fumigation chambers are directly confounded with elevated CO{sub 2} effects, in that both reduce evapotranspiration. The reduced evapotranspiration of the fumigation chamber is primarily through reduced wind speeds and reducedmore » radiation. In very dry years, fumigation chamber effects are negligible, but in years with normal precipitation, chamber effects and elevated CO{sub 2} effects are essentially equal with respect to reduced evapotranspiration effects. Increased production under elevated CO{sub 2} results in reduced nitrogen concentration in the herbage and increased fiber concentrations. Consequently, digestibility of the herbage is reduced, and microbial degradation of surface litter and soil organic matter is slowed. On the negative side, ruminant productivity will likely be reduced substantially, but increased carbon storage in the soil may buffer against future rise in atmospheric CO{sub 2}. Tallgrass prairie will not likely change greatly in botanical composition, since the C{sub 4} dominants responded to elevated CO{sub 2} more than the C{sub 3} subdominants.« less

Fuel Combustion Laboratory | Transportation Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

detection of compounds at sub-parts per billion by volume levels. A high-performance liquid chromatograph ) platform; a high-pressure (1,200- bar) direct-injection system to minimize spray physics effects; and an combustion chamber. A high-speed pressure transducer measures chamber pressure to detect fuel ignition. Air

Assessing High School Chemistry Students' Modeling Sub-Skills in a Computerized Molecular Modeling Learning Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dori, Yehudit Judy; Kaberman, Zvia

2012-01-01

Much knowledge in chemistry exists at a molecular level, inaccessible to direct perception. Chemistry instruction should therefore include multiple visual representations, such as molecular models and symbols. This study describes the implementation and assessment of a learning unit designed for 12th grade chemistry honors students. The organic…

Investigation of magnetic ordering and cation distribution in the spinel ferrites CrxFe3-xO4 (0.0≤x≤1.0)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, G. D.; Han, Q. J.; Xu, J.; Ji, D. H.; Qi, W. H.; Li, Z. Z.; Shang, Z. F.; Zhang, X. Y.

2014-04-01

Ferrite powder samples of CrxFe3-xO4 (0.0≤x≤1.0) were prepared by chemical co-precipitation, and calcined in a tube furnace with argon-flow at 1723 K for 2 h. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that all the samples had an (A)[B]2O4 single phase cubic spinel structure with a Fd3barm space group. Magnetic measurements indicated that the magnetization of the samples decreased with the Cr doping level. A new model for the magnetic ordering in these samples was employed to explain the dependence of the magnetization and cation distribution on the Cr doping level; namely, taking into consideration constraints arising from Hund's rules and from the spin direction of the itinerant 3d electrons, the directions of the Cr2+ and Cr3+ cation magnetic moments were taken to lie antiparallel to the moments of the Fe cations within the same sub-lattice (A or B sub-lattice).

Indirect and direct signatures of Higgs portal decaying vector dark matter for positron excess in cosmic rays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baek, Seungwon; Ko, P.; Park, Wan-Il

2014-06-01

We investigate the indirect signatures of the Higgs portal U(1){sub X} vector dark matter (VDM) X{sub μ} from both its pair annihilation and decay. The VDM is stable at renormalizable level by Z{sub 2} symmetry, and thermalized by Higgs-portal interactions. It can also decay by some nonrenormalizable operators with very long lifetime at cosmological time scale. If dim-6 operators for VDM decays are suppressed by 10{sup 16} GeV scale, the lifetime of VDM with mass ∼ 2 TeV is just right for explaining the positron excess in cosmic ray observed by PAMELA and AMS02 Collaborations. The VDM decaying into μ{supmore » +}μ{sup −} can fit the data, evading various constraints on cosmic rays. We give one UV-complete model as an example. This scenario for Higgs portal decaying VDM with mass around ∼ 2 TeV can be tested by DM direct search at XENON1T, and also at the future colliders by measuring the Higgs self-couplings.« less

Thermodynamics of spin ice in staggered and direct (along the [111] axis) fields in the cluster approximation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zinenko, V. I., E-mail: zvi@iph.krasn.ru; Pavlovskii, M. S.

We have analyzed the low-temperature thermodynamic properties of spin ice in the staggered and direct (acting along the [111] axis) fields for rare-earth oxides with the chalcolamprite structure and general formula Re{sub 2}{sup 3+}Me{sub 2}{sup 4+}O{sub 7}{sup 2-}. Calculations have been performed in the cluster approximation. The results have been compared with experimental temperature dependences of heat capacity and entropy for Dy{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} compound for different values of the external field in the [111] direction. The experimental data and calculated results have also been compared for the Pr{sub 2}Ru{sub 2}O{sub 7} compound with the antiferromagnetic ordering of magneticmore » moments of ruthenium ions, which gives rise to the staggered field acting on the system of rare-earth ions. The calculated temperature dependences of heat capacity and entropy are in good agreement with experimental data.« less

Patient protection and Affordable Care Act; data collection to support standards related to essential health benefits; recognition of entities for the accreditation of qualified health plans. Final rule.

PubMed

2012-07-20

This final rule establishes data collection standards necessary to implement aspects of section 1302 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act), which directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to define essential health benefits. This final rule outlines the data on applicable plans to be collected from certain issuers to support the definition of essential health benefits. This final rule also establishes a process for the recognition of accrediting entities for purposes of certification of qualified health plans.

Controversies in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.

PubMed

Peacock, Zachary S

2017-11-01

Several benign pathologic entities that are commonly encountered by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon remain controversial. From etiology to treatment, no consensus exists in the literature regarding the best treatment of benign lesions, such as the keratocystic odontogenic tumor, giant cell lesion, or ameloblastoma. Given the need for often-morbid treatment to prevent recurrence of these lesions, multiple less-invasive treatments exist in the literature for each entity with little agreement. As the molecular and genomic pathogenesis of these lesions are better understood, directed treatments will hopefully lessen the contention in management. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluating Stream Filtering for Entity Profile Updates in TREC 2012, 2013, and 2014 (KBA Track Overview, Notebook Paper)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-01

possible future directions that build on the KBA experience.   Data Assets   In addition to the three hundred run submissions from diverse systems...form name of an entity and assigning a confidence score based on the number of matches of tokens in the name. See code in github [6]. macro-P...131 64 GENDER 4 2 FoundedBy     56 30 NAME 2 2 DateOfDeath     54 12 TOP_MEMBERS_EMPLOYEES 2 1 EmployeeOf     44 19 WON_AWARD 1 1

The Mobile Team of Parasitology-Mycology, a medical entity for educational purposes to serve sick patients.

PubMed

Desoubeaux, G; Simon, E G; Perrotin, D; Chandenier, J

2014-06-01

The Mobile Team of Parasitology-Mycology is a movable entity of the Parasitology-Mycology laboratory of Tours University Hospital, France. In contrast to the usual prerogatives of biomedical laboratories, the Mobile Team of Parasitology-Mycology is requested to intervene directly at bedside in various clinical departments, or even outside the hospital facility. Although its actions are of course primarily devoted to specialized diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, the Mobile Team also plays an important educational role in the medical training of undergraduate or graduate students. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A simplified scheme for generating narrow-band mid-ultraviolet laser radiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Almog, G.; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München; Scholz, M., E-mail: Matthias.Scholz@toptica.com

2015-03-15

We report on the development and characterization of continuous, narrow-band, and tunable laser systems that use direct second-harmonic generation from blue and green diode lasers with an output power level of up to 11.1 mW in the mid-ultraviolet. One of our laser systems was tuned to the mercury 6{sup 1}S{sub 0} → 6{sup 3}P{sub 1} intercombination line at 253.7 nm. We could perform Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy on this line and were able to lock our laser to the transition frequency on long time scales.

Effect of high CO{sub 2} on cold acclimation and deacclimation of three conifers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tinus, R.W.; Greer, D.H.; Robinson, L.A.

1995-12-31

Atmospheric CO{sub 2} levels are rising, and whether or not this leads to a climate change, high CO{sub 2} is known to have some direct effects of plants. One aspect that has only begun to be explored is possible effects on cold hardiness. Well adapted woody plants can tolerate the lowest temperatures to which they may be exposed at all times of the year. Every year temperate and boral woody plants must cold harden in a timely manner in autumn, become hardy enough to withstand the coldest winter temperatures, and not lose their hardiness prematurely in the spring. The authorsmore » objective was to determine the effect of elevated CO{sub 2} on cold acclimation and deacclimation of three commercially important conifers. Seedlings of three conifers were cold hardened and dehardened in growth rooms under 350 or 700 ppm CO{sub 2}. High CO{sub 2} had little effect on cold hardiness of radiata pine, but increased autumn and spring hardiness of Douglas-fir. High CO{sub 2} increased hardiness of ponderosa pine in autumn and decreased it in the spring.« less

Two Different Views on the World Around Us: The World of Uniformity versus Diversity

PubMed Central

Nayakankuppam, Dhananjay

2016-01-01

We propose that when individuals believe in fixed traits of personality (entity theorists), they are likely to expect a world of “uniformity.” As such, they easily infer a population statistic from a small sample of data with confidence. In contrast, individuals who believe in malleable traits of personality (incremental theorists) are likely to presume a world of “diversity,” such that they “hesitate” to infer a population statistic from a similarly sized sample. In four laboratory experiments, we found that compared to incremental theorists, entity theorists estimated a population mean from a sample with a greater level of confidence (Studies 1a and 1b), expected more homogeneity among the entities within a population (Study 2), and perceived an extreme value to be more indicative of an outlier (Study 3). These results suggest that individuals are likely to use their implicit self-theory orientations (entity theory versus incremental theory) to see a population in general as a constitution either of homogeneous or heterogeneous entities. PMID:27977788

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Benson, Stephen V.; Marhauser, Frank; Douglas, David R.

A method for the suppression of upstream-directed field emission in RF accelerators. The method is not restricted to a certain number of cavity cells, but requires similar operating field levels in all cavities to efficiently annihilate the once accumulated energy. Such a field balance is desirable to minimize dynamic RF losses, but not necessarily achievable in reality depending on individual cavity performance, such as early Q.sub.0-drop or quench field. The method enables a significant energy reduction for upstream-directed electrons within a relatively short distance. As a result of the suppression of upstream-directed field emission, electrons will impact surfaces at rathermore » low energies leading to reduction of dark current and less issues with heating and damage of accelerator components as well as radiation levels including neutron generation and thus radio-activation.« less

39 CFR 778.7 - How does the Postal Service communicate with state and local officials concerning the Postal...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... notice directly to affected state, areawide, regional, and local entities in a state of a proposed direct Federal development project if: (1) The state has not adopted a process under the Order; or (2) The development project involves a facility project action category not selected for the state process. This...

26 CFR 1.901-2T - Income, war profits, or excess profits tax paid or accrued (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... amount of tax paid. (3) Direct investment. The U.S. party's proportionate share of the foreign payment or... the interest is owned by a U.S. or foreign entity. (5) Passive investment income—(i) In general. The... recognize their distributive shares of the $10 million premium income and claim a direct foreign tax credit...

76 FR 33986 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A330-200 and -300 Series Airplanes, and Model A340-200 and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-10

... products listed above. Since we issued AD 2009-18-19, EASA issued Airworthiness Directive 2010-0083-CN.... EASA AD 2010-0083-CN states: It has been assessed that multiple NRV [non-return valve] failures in..., positive or negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria of the Regulatory...

Endogenous S-sulfhydration of PTEN helps protect against modification by nitric oxide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ohno, Kazuki; Okuda, Kosaku; Uehara, Takashi, E-mail: uehara@pharm.okayama-u.ac.jp

2015-01-02

Highlights: • PTEN is S-sulfhydrated endogenously in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. • Preventing this modification by knocking down CBS renders PTEN sensitive to NO. • pAkt levels are increased significantly in CBS siRNA-transfected cells. • H{sub 2}S functions as an endogenous regulator of PTEN in neuronal cells. - Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S) is a gaseous regulatory factor produced by several enzymes, and plays a pivotal role in processes such as proliferation or vasodilation. Recent reports demonstrated the physiological and pathophysiological functions of H{sub 2}S in neurons. PTEN is a target of nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide, and themore » oxidative modification of cysteine (Cys) residue(s) attenuates its enzymatic activity. In the present study, we assessed the effect of H{sub 2}S on the direct modification of PTEN and the resulting downstream signaling. A modified biotin switch assay in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells revealed that PTEN is S-sulfhydrated endogenously. Subsequently, site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that both Cys71 and Cys124 in PTEN are targets for S-sulfhydration. Further, the knockdown of cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) using siRNA decreased this modification in a manner that was correlated to amount of H{sub 2}S. PTEN was more sensitive to NO under these conditions. These results suggest that the endogenous S-sulfhydration of PTEN via CBS/H{sub 2}S plays a role in preventing the S-nitrosylation that would inhibition its enzymatic activity under physiological conditions.« less

Beyond H {sub 0} and q {sub 0}: Cosmology is no longer just two numbers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Neben, Abraham R.; Turner, Michael S., E-mail: abrahamn@mit.edu

2013-06-01

For decades, H {sub 0} and q {sub 0} were the quest of cosmology, as they promised to characterize our 'world model' without reference to a specific cosmological framework. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that q {sub 0} cannot be directly measured using distance indicators with both accuracy (without offset away from its true value) and precision (small error bar). While H {sub 0} can be measured with accuracy and precision, to avoid a small bias in its direct measurement (of order 5%) we demonstrate that the pair H {sub 0} and Ω {sub M} (assuming flatness and wmore » = –1) is a better choice of two parameters, even if our world model is not precisely ΛCDM. We illustrate this with analysis of the Constitution set of supernovae and indirectly infer q {sub 0} = –0.57 ± –0.04. Finally, we show that it may be possible to directly determine q {sub 0} with both accuracy and precision using the time dependence of redshifts ('redshift drift').« less

BioNLP Shared Task--The Bacteria Track.

PubMed

Bossy, Robert; Jourde, Julien; Manine, Alain-Pierre; Veber, Philippe; Alphonse, Erick; van de Guchte, Maarten; Bessières, Philippe; Nédellec, Claire

2012-06-26

We present the BioNLP 2011 Shared Task Bacteria Track, the first Information Extraction challenge entirely dedicated to bacteria. It includes three tasks that cover different levels of biological knowledge. The Bacteria Gene Renaming supporting task is aimed at extracting gene renaming and gene name synonymy in PubMed abstracts. The Bacteria Gene Interaction is a gene/protein interaction extraction task from individual sentences. The interactions have been categorized into ten different sub-types, thus giving a detailed account of genetic regulations at the molecular level. Finally, the Bacteria Biotopes task focuses on the localization and environment of bacteria mentioned in textbook articles. We describe the process of creation for the three corpora, including document acquisition and manual annotation, as well as the metrics used to evaluate the participants' submissions. Three teams submitted to the Bacteria Gene Renaming task; the best team achieved an F-score of 87%. For the Bacteria Gene Interaction task, the only participant's score had reached a global F-score of 77%, although the system efficiency varies significantly from one sub-type to another. Three teams submitted to the Bacteria Biotopes task with very different approaches; the best team achieved an F-score of 45%. However, the detailed study of the participating systems efficiency reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each participating system. The three tasks of the Bacteria Track offer participants a chance to address a wide range of issues in Information Extraction, including entity recognition, semantic typing and coreference resolution. We found common trends in the most efficient systems: the systematic use of syntactic dependencies and machine learning. Nevertheless, the originality of the Bacteria Biotopes task encouraged the use of interesting novel methods and techniques, such as term compositionality, scopes wider than the sentence.

Transmission as a basic process in microbial biology. Lwoff Award Prize Lecture.

PubMed

Baquero, Fernando

2017-11-01

Transmission is a basic process in biology and evolution, as it communicates different biological entities within and across hierarchical levels (from genes to holobionts) both in time and space. Vertical descent, replication, is transmission of information across generations (in the time dimension), and horizontal descent is transmission of information across compartments (in the space dimension). Transmission is essentially a communication process that can be studied by analogy of the classic information theory, based on 'emitters', 'messages' and 'receivers'. The analogy can be easily extended to the triad 'emigration', 'migration' and 'immigration'. A number of causes (forces) determine the emission, and another set of causes (energies) assures the reception. The message in fact is essentially constituted by 'meaningful' biological entities. A DNA sequence, a cell and a population have a semiotic dimension, are 'signs' that are eventually recognized (decoded) and integrated by receiver biological entities. In cis-acting or unenclosed transmission, the emitters and receivers correspond to separated entities of the same hierarchical level; in trans-acting or embedded transmission, the information flows between different, but frequently nested, hierarchical levels. The result (as in introgressive events) is constantly producing innovation and feeding natural selection, influencing also the evolution of transmission processes. This review is based on the concepts presented at the André Lwoff Award Lecture in the FEMS Microbiology Congress in Maastricht in 2015. © FEMS 2017. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The hierarchically organized splitting of chromosome bands into sub-bands analyzed by multicolor banding (MCB).

PubMed

Lehrer, H; Weise, A; Michel, S; Starke, H; Mrasek, K; Heller, A; Kuechler, A; Claussen, U; Liehr, T

2004-01-01

To clarify the nature of chromosome sub-bands in more detail, the multicolor banding (MCB) probe-set for chromosome 5 was hybridized to normal metaphase spreads of GTG band levels at approximately 850, approximately 550, approximately 400 and approximately 300. It could be observed that as the chromosomes became shorter, more of the initial 39 MCB pseudo-colors disappeared, ending with 18 MCB pseudo-colored bands at the approximately 300-band level. The hierarchically organized splitting of bands into sub-bands was analyzed by comparing the disappearance or appearance of pseudo-color bands of the four different band levels. The regions to split first are telomere-near, centromere-near and in 5q23-->q31, followed by 5p15, 5p14, and all GTG dark bands in 5q apart from 5q12 and 5q32 and finalized by sub-band building in 5p15.2, 5q21.2-->q21.3, 5q23.1 and 5q34. The direction of band splitting towards the centromere or the telomere could be assigned to each band separately. Pseudo-colors assigned to GTG-light bands were resistant to band splitting. These observations are in concordance with the recently proposed concept of chromosome region-specific protein swelling. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

Comparison of homogenization techniques and incidence of aflatoxin contamination in dried figs for export.

PubMed

Bircan, Cavit

2009-01-01

To determine differences in mean aflatoxin contamination and subsample variance from dry and slurry homogenizations, 10 kg of six different, naturally contaminated dried fig samples were collected from various exporting companies in accordance with the EU Commission Directive. The samples were first dry-mixed for 5 min using a blender and sub-sampled seven times; the remainder was slurry homogenized (1 : 1, v/v) and sub-sampled seven times. Aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin levels were recorded and coefficient of variations (CV) computed for all sub-samples. Only a small reduction in sub-sample variations, indicated by the lower CV values, and slight differences in mean aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin levels were observed when slurry homogenization was applied. Therefore, 7326 dried figs, destined for export from Turkey to the EU and collected during the 2008 crop year, were dry-homogenized and tested for aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) by immunoaffinity column clean-up using RP-HPLC. While 34% of the samples contained detectable levels of total aflatoxins (0.20-208.75 µg kg(-1)), only 9% of them exceeded the EU limit of 4 µg kg(-1) in the range 2.0-208.75 µg kg(-1), respectively. A substantial increase in the incidence of aflatoxins was observed in 2008, most likely due to the drought stress experienced in Aydin province as occurred in 2007.

75 FR 30272 - Airworthiness Directives; SOCATA Model TBM 700 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-01

... economic impact, positive or negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria of the.... Applicability (c) This AD applies to Model TBM 700 airplanes, all serial numbers (SNs), that: (1) are...

13 CFR 400.109 - Government-wide debarment and suspension (nonprocurement).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Government; (ii) Direct awards to foreign governments or public international organizations, or transactions with foreign governments or foreign governmental entities, public international organizations, foreign... public international organizations, or transactions with foreign governments or foreign governmental...

76 FR 43156 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plan; Missouri; Final Disapproval of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-20

... EPA to fashion for small entities less burdensome compliance or reporting requirements or timetables... adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies. NTTAA directs EPA to provide Congress, through the Office...

5 CFR 630.1102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....g., loss of life or property, serious injury, or mental illness as a result of a direct threat to...,” as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105; or (2) A Judicial branch entity. Committed relationship has the meaning...

5 CFR 630.1102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....g., loss of life or property, serious injury, or mental illness as a result of a direct threat to...,” as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105; or (2) A Judicial branch entity. Committed relationship has the meaning...

5 CFR 630.1102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

....g., loss of life or property, serious injury, or mental illness as a result of a direct threat to...,” as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105; or (2) A Judicial branch entity. Committed relationship has the meaning...

5 CFR 630.1102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....g., loss of life or property, serious injury, or mental illness as a result of a direct threat to...,” as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105; or (2) A Judicial branch entity. Committed relationship has the meaning...

25 CFR 1000.464 - What personal conflicts of interest must the standards of conduct regulate?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., analysis, or inspection of trust transactions involving an entity in which such persons have a direct financial interest or an employment relationship; (b) Prohibit such officers, employees, or agents from...

17 CFR 275.206(4)-5 - Political contributions by certain investment advisers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... actual knowledge of the contribution; and (iii) After learning of the contribution: (A) Has taken all... who solicits a government entity for the investment adviser and any person who supervises, directly or...

The Moral Insignificance of Self‐consciousness

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Abstract In this paper, I examine the claim that self‐consciousness is highly morally significant, such that the fact that an entity is self‐conscious generates strong moral reasons against harming or killing that entity. This claim is apparently very intuitive, but I argue it is false. I consider two ways to defend this claim: one indirect, the other direct. The best‐known arguments relevant to self‐consciousness's significance take the indirect route. I examine them and argue that (a) in various ways they depend on unwarranted assumptions about self‐consciousness's functional significance, and (b) once these assumptions are undermined, motivation for these arguments dissipates. I then consider the direct route to self‐consciousness's significance, which depends on claims that self‐consciousness has intrinsic value or final value. I argue what intrinsic or final value self‐consciousness possesses is not enough to generate strong moral reasons against harming or killing. PMID:28919670

Safety Case Development as an Information Modelling Problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, Robert

This paper considers the benefits from applying information modelling as the basis for creating an electronically-based safety case. It highlights the current difficulties of developing and managing large document-based safety cases for complex systems such as those found in Air Traffic Control systems. After a review of current tools and related literature on this subject, the paper proceeds to examine the many relationships between entities that can exist within a large safety case. The paper considers the benefits to both safety case writers and readers from the future development of an ideal safety case tool that is able to exploit these information models. The paper also introduces the idea that the safety case has formal relationships between entities that directly support the safety case argument using a methodology such as GSN, and informal relationships that provide links to direct and backing evidence and to supporting information.

Directional properties in photodissociation: a probe for the symmetry and geometry of excited states of dimethylnitrosamine and tert-butyl nitrite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lavi, R.; Schwartz-Lavi, I.B.; Rosenwaks, S.

1987-10-08

The rotational alignment, ..lambda..-doubling, and spin-orbit populations of the NO fragment following the photodissociation of (CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/NNO and (CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/CONO in different absorption bands are determined. The results for the S/sub 1/(n..pi..*) withdraws S/sub 0/ and S/sub 2/(..pi pi..*) withdraws S/sub 0/ transitions in both molecules indicate planarity of the fragmentation processes and an A'' symmetry of the S/sub 1/ state. For the S/sub 2/(..pi pi..*) withdraws S/sub 0/ transition in (CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/NNO the results imply an A' symmetry of the S/sub 2/ state. The values obtained for the alignment are indicative of the difference between themore » directions of the transition dipole moment for the S/sub 1/(n..pi..*) withdraws S/sub 0/ and the S/sub 2/(..pi pi..*) withdraws S/sub 0/ transitions.« less

Feature extraction using gray-level co-occurrence matrix of wavelet coefficients and texture matching for batik motif recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suciati, Nanik; Herumurti, Darlis; Wijaya, Arya Yudhi

2017-02-01

Batik is one of Indonesian's traditional cloth. Motif or pattern drawn on a piece of batik fabric has a specific name and philosopy. Although batik cloths are widely used in everyday life, but only few people understand its motif and philosophy. This research is intended to develop a batik motif recognition system which can be used to identify motif of Batik image automatically. First, a batik image is decomposed into sub-images using wavelet transform. Six texture descriptors, i.e. max probability, correlation, contrast, uniformity, homogenity and entropy, are extracted from gray-level co-occurrence matrix of each sub-image. The texture features are then matched to the template features using canberra distance. The experiment is performed on Batik Dataset consisting of 1088 batik images grouped into seven motifs. The best recognition rate, that is 92,1%, is achieved using feature extraction process with 5 level wavelet decomposition and 4 directional gray-level co-occurrence matrix.

Automatic Extraction of Destinations, Origins and Route Parts from Human Generated Route Directions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiao; Mitra, Prasenjit; Klippel, Alexander; Maceachren, Alan

Researchers from the cognitive and spatial sciences are studying text descriptions of movement patterns in order to examine how humans communicate and understand spatial information. In particular, route directions offer a rich source of information on how cognitive systems conceptualize movement patterns by segmenting them into meaningful parts. Route directions are composed using a plethora of cognitive spatial organization principles: changing levels of granularity, hierarchical organization, incorporation of cognitively and perceptually salient elements, and so forth. Identifying such information in text documents automatically is crucial for enabling machine-understanding of human spatial language. The benefits are: a) creating opportunities for large-scale studies of human linguistic behavior; b) extracting and georeferencing salient entities (landmarks) that are used by human route direction providers; c) developing methods to translate route directions to sketches and maps; and d) enabling queries on large corpora of crawled/analyzed movement data. In this paper, we introduce our approach and implementations that bring us closer to the goal of automatically processing linguistic route directions. We report on research directed at one part of the larger problem, that is, extracting the three most critical parts of route directions and movement patterns in general: origin, destination, and route parts. We use machine-learning based algorithms to extract these parts of routes, including, for example, destination names and types. We prove the effectiveness of our approach in several experiments using hand-tagged corpora.

Study of the phosphine plasma decomposition and its formation by ablation of red phosphorus in hydrogen plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruno, G.; Losurdo, M.; Capezzuto, P.

1995-03-01

Mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy have been used to study the chemistry of PH(sub 3) plasma decomposition as well as its formation by ablation of red phosphorus in hydrogen plasma. It has been shown that PH(sub 3) decomposition easily equilibrates at low levels of PH(sub 3) depletion (15%-30%), this depending mainly on the rf power. The ablation of red phosphorus in H(sub 2) plasma produces phosphine in significant amount, depending mainly on the total pressure but also on the rf power. It has also been found that H(sup *) and PH(sup *) emitting species originate not only by the dissociative excitation of H(sub 2) and PH(sub 3), respectively, but also by the direct excitation of the same species in the ground state. Considerations are developed on how to derive the H-atom and PH radical densities by actinometry, under specific experimental conditions. Besides, the linear dependence of PH(sub 3) formation rate, r(sub PH(3)), on H-atom density, (left bracket) H (right bracket), leads to the definition of the kinetic equation r(sub PH(3)) = k (left bracket) H (right bracket), and to the hypothesis that the formation of PH radical on the surface or its desorption is the dominant mechanism for PH(sub 3) production.

Macroscopic shape change of melt-processed YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x-}Y{sub 2}BaCuO{sub 5} bulk superconductors.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Diko, P.; Goretta, K. C.; Energy Technology

A macroscopic change in the shape of five-domain melt-processed YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x}/Y{sub 2}BaCuO{sub 5} bulk superconductors is reported and explained. The change, a distortion from circular cross-section, is attributed to liquid transport from a slower growth front in an a-axis direction to a faster growth front in a c-axis direction at the edge between the a- and c-growth fronts, a phenomenon that we call the edge melt distribution (EMD) effect. Formation of bands of higher Y{sub 2}BaCuO{sub 5} particle density along the a/c growth boundaries, which nearly coincide with {l_brace}110{r_brace}-type planes, is explained by the EMD effect.

Synthesis Of [2h, 13c] And [2h3, 13c]Methyl Aryl Sulfides

DOEpatents

Martinez, Rodolfo A.; Alvarez, Marc A.; Silks, III, Louis A.; Unkefer, Clifford J.

2004-03-30

The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C], [.sup.2 H.sub.2, .sup.13 C] and [.sup.2 H.sub.3, .sup.13 C]methyl aryl sulfides wherein the .sup.13 C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms and the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are each independently, hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a halogen, an amino group from the group consisting of NH.sub.2, NHR and NRR' where R and R' are each a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a phenyl, or an alkoxy group. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C], [.sup.2 H.sub.2,.sup.13 C] and [.sup.2 H.sub.3, .sup.13 C]methyl aryl sulfides wherein the .sup.13 C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to the labeled compounds of [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C]methyl iodide and [.sup.2 H.sub.2, .sup.13 C]methyl iodide.

Lifetime, collisional-quenching, and {ital j}-mixing measurements of the metastable 3{ital D} levels of Ca{sup +}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Knoop, M.; Vedel, M.; Vedel, F.

1995-11-01

The metastable 3{sup 2}{ital D}{sub 3/2,5/2} doublet of Ca{sup +} ions stored in a Paul trap was investigated in the presence of different neutral gases, in the pressure range 10{sup {minus}9}--10{sup {minus}6} mbar. The natural lifetimes were determined to be {tau}({ital D}{sub 3/2})=1111{plus_minus}46 ms and {tau}({ital D}{sub 5/2})=994{plus_minus}38 ms, which agree very well with previous experiments. The estimation of the quenching rates of Ca{sup +}-He [{Gamma}{sub He}=(1.05{plus_minus}0.42){times}10{sup {minus}12} cm{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1}], Ca{sup +}-Ne [{Gamma}{sub Ne}=(0.9{plus_minus}0.7){times}10{sup {minus}12} cm{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1}], and Ca{sup +}-N{sub 2} [{Gamma}{sub N{sub 2}}=(1.7{plus_minus}0.2){times}10{sup {minus}10} cm{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1}] was carried out for collisions in themore » energy range 0.3--1.3 eV. In addition, rate constants for the mixing of the fine-structure states were measured in the presence of helium and nitrogen for the {ital j}=3/2{r_arrow}{ital j}=5/2 case [{gamma}{sub 35}(He)=(2.24{plus_minus}0.10){times}10{sup {minus}10} cm{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1} and {gamma}{sub 35}(N{sub 2})=(2.8{plus_minus}0.3){times}10{sup {minus}9} cm{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1}] and for the {ital j}=5/2{r_arrow}{ital j}=3/2 case [{gamma}{sub 53}(He)=(1.2{plus_minus}0.7){times}10{sup {minus}10} cm{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1} and {gamma}{sub 53}(N{sub 2})=(1.26{plus_minus}0.10){times}10{sup {minus}9} cm{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1}]. The measurements were carried out populating the metastable levels by direct laser excitation of the forbidden {ital S}-{ital D} transitions.« less

Intranet and village community: optimization of public service based on electronic government at the local level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pradana, G. W.; Fanida, E. H.; Niswah, F.

2018-01-01

The demand for good governance is directed towards the realization of efficiency, effectiveness, and clean government. The move is demonstrated through national and regional levels to develop and implement electronic government concepts. Through the development of electronic government is done structuring management systems and work processes in the government environment by optimizing the utilization of information technology. One of the real forms of electronic government (e-Gov) implementation at the local level is the Intranet Sub-District program in Sukodono Sub-District, Sidoarjo. Intranet Sub-District is an innovation whose purpose is to realize the availability of information on the utilization of management, distribution, and storage of official scripts, and also the optimal delivery of information and communication in the implementation of guidance and supervision of local administration. The type of this paper is descriptive with a qualitative approach and focus on the implementation of the Intranet District Program in Sukodono District, Sidoarjo. The findings of the study are the limited number of human resources who have mastered ICT, the uneven network, the adequacy of institutional needs and the existence of budget support from the authorized institution and the information system has not accommodated all the service needs.

Stable expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in cultured preadipocytes impairs adipogenesis program independently of endogenous prostanoids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hossain, Mohammad Salim; Chowdhury, Abu Asad; Rahman, Mohammad Sharifur

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) expressed preferentially in adipocytes is responsible for the synthesis of PGD{sub 2} and its non-enzymatic dehydration products, PGJ{sub 2} series, serving as pro-adipogenic factors. However, the role of L-PGDS in the regulation of adipogenesis is complex because of the occurrence of several derivatives from PGD{sub 2} and their distinct receptor subtypes as well as other functions such as a transporter of lipophilic molecules. To manipulate the expression levels of L-PGDS in cultured adipocytes, cultured preadipogenic 3T3-L1 cells were transfected stably with a mammalian expression vector having cDNA encoding murine L-PGDS oriented in the sense direction.more » The isolated cloned stable transfectants with L-PGDS expressed higher levels of the transcript and protein levels of L-PGDS, and synthesized PGD{sub 2} from exogenous arachidonic acid at significantly higher levels. By contrast, the synthesis of PGE{sub 2} remained unchanged, indicating no influence on the reactions of cyclooxygenase (COX) and PGE synthase. Furthermore, the ability of those transfectants to synthesize {Delta}{sup 12}-PGJ{sub 2} increased more greatly during the maturation phase. The sustained expression of L-PGDS in cultured stable transfectants hampered the storage of fats during the maturation phase of adipocytes, which was accompanied by the reduced gene expression of adipocyte-specific markers reflecting the down-regulation of the adipogenesis program. The suppressed adipogenesis was not rescued by either exogenous aspirin or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} (PPAR{gamma}) agonists including troglitazone and {Delta}{sup 12}-PGJ{sub 2}. Taken together, the results indicate the negative regulation of the adipogenesis program by the enhanced expression of L-PGDS through a cellular mechanism involving the interference of the PPAR{gamma} signaling pathway without the contribution of endogenous pro-adipogenic prostanoids. -- Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cultured preadipocytes were transfected with sense lipocalin-type PGD synthase. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The cloned transfectants had a higher ability to synthesize PGD{sub 2} and PGJ{sub 2} series. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The sustained expression of sense L-PGDS hampered the storage of fats. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Adipogenesis program was suppressed independently of endogenous prostanoids.« less

A systems biology approach to the global analysis of transcription factors in colorectal cancer.

PubMed

Pradhan, Meeta P; Prasad, Nagendra K A; Palakal, Mathew J

2012-08-01

Biological entities do not perform in isolation, and often, it is the nature and degree of interactions among numerous biological entities which ultimately determines any final outcome. Hence, experimental data on any single biological entity can be of limited value when considered only in isolation. To address this, we propose that augmenting individual entity data with the literature will not only better define the entity's own significance but also uncover relationships with novel biological entities.To test this notion, we developed a comprehensive text mining and computational methodology that focused on discovering new targets of one class of molecular entities, transcription factors (TF), within one particular disease, colorectal cancer (CRC). We used 39 molecular entities known to be associated with CRC along with six colorectal cancer terms as the bait list, or list of search terms, for mining the biomedical literature to identify CRC-specific genes and proteins. Using the literature-mined data, we constructed a global TF interaction network for CRC. We then developed a multi-level, multi-parametric methodology to identify TFs to CRC. The small bait list, when augmented with literature-mined data, identified a large number of biological entities associated with CRC. The relative importance of these TF and their associated modules was identified using functional and topological features. Additional validation of these highly-ranked TF using the literature strengthened our findings. Some of the novel TF that we identified were: SLUG, RUNX1, IRF1, HIF1A, ATF-2, ABL1, ELK-1 and GATA-1. Some of these TFs are associated with functional modules in known pathways of CRC, including the Beta-catenin/development, immune response, transcription, and DNA damage pathways. Our methodology of using text mining data and a multi-level, multi-parameter scoring technique was able to identify both known and novel TF that have roles in CRC. Starting with just one TF (SMAD3) in the bait list, the literature mining process identified an additional 116 CRC-associated TFs. Our network-based analysis showed that these TFs all belonged to any of 13 major functional groups that are known to play important roles in CRC. Among these identified TFs, we obtained a novel six-node module consisting of ATF2-P53-JNK1-ELK1-EPHB2-HIF1A, from which the novel JNK1-ELK1 association could potentially be a significant marker for CRC.

Skeletal reactions of n-hexane over Pt-NaY, Pt/SiO{sub 2}, HY, and mixed Pt/SiO{sub 2} + HY catalysts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paal, Z.; Zhan, Z.; Manninger, I.

The activity and selectivity of three samples of 8% Pt-NaY calcined at 633, 723, and 823 K, respectively, have been probed with n-hexane as the model reactant at 603 K and subatmospheric pressures in a glass closed-loop reactor. These catalysts were compared with 6.3% Pt/SiO{sub 2} (EUROPT-1), HY, and a physical mixture of the latter two. The activity of all Pt-NaY catalysts is superior to EUROPT-1 and they deactivate more slowly. The selectivity pattern of all Pt-NaY samples is closer to that characteristic of monofunctional Pt catalysts, as opposed to the pronounced acidic character of pure HY and the mechanicalmore » mixtures. The sample calcined at 633 K, which has the highest dispersion and probably contains Pt particles anchored to the support as [Pt{sub n} - H{sub x}]{sup x+} entities, shows the highest aromatization selectivity. The sample precalcined at 823 K with the lowest dispersion has a pronouncedly high skeletal isomerization selectivity. The isomerization pathway may be related to the C{sub 5} cyclic route on metal sites that are more abundant on the larger crystallites of this catalyst and are more easily accessible with its partially collapsed zeolite framework. Characteristic differences between samples in the response of their catalytic performance to changes in hydrogen and hydrocarbon pressure are discussed. 37 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.« less

Status of plutonium ceramic immobilization processes and immobilization forms

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ebbinghaus, B.B.; Van Konynenburg, R.A.; Vance, E.R.

1996-05-01

Immobilization in a ceramic followed by permanent emplacement in a repository or borehole is one of the alternatives currently being considered by the Fissile Materials Disposition Program for the ultimate disposal of excess weapons-grade plutonium. To make Pu recovery more difficult, radioactive cesium may also be incorporated into the immobilization form. Valuable data are already available for ceramics form R&D efforts to immobilize high-level and mixed wastes. Ceramics have a high capacity for actinides, cesium, and some neutron absorbers. A unique characteristic of ceramics is the existence of mineral analogues found in nature that have demonstrated actinide immobilization over geologicmore » time periods. The ceramic form currently being considered for plutonium disposition is a synthetic rock (SYNROC) material composed primarily of zirconolite (CaZrTi{sub 2}O{sub 7}), the desired actinide host phase, with lesser amounts of hollandite (BaAl{sub 2}Ti{sub 6}O{sub 16}) and rutile (TiO{sub 2}). Alternative actinide host phases are also being considered. These include pyrochlore (Gd{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}), zircon (ZrSiO{sub 4}), and monazite (CePO{sub 4}), to name a few of the most promising. R&D activities to address important technical issues are discussed. Primarily these include moderate scale hot press fabrications with plutonium, direct loading of PuO{sub 2} powder, cold press and sinter fabrication methods, and immobilization form formulation issues.« less

Understanding the formation and growth of Ag nanoparticles on silver chromate induced by electron irradiation in electron microscope: A combined experimental and theoretical study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fabbro, Maria T.; Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Campus del Riu Sec, E-12071 Castellón; Gracia, Lourdes

Ag{sub 2}CrO{sub 4} microcrystals were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. These microcrystals were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), micro-Raman (MR). XRD patterns and Rietveld refinement data showed that the material exhibits an orthorhombic structure without any deleterious phases. FE-SEM and TEM micrographs revealed the morphology and the growth of Ag nanoparticles on Ag{sub 2}CrO{sub 4} microcrystals during electron beam irradiation. These events were directly monitored in real-time. Their optical properties were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy that allowed the calculation of themore » optical band gap energy. Theoretical analyses based on the density functional theory level indicate that the incorporation of electrons is responsible for structural modifications and formation of defects on the [AgO{sub 6}] and [AgO{sub 4}] clusters, generating ideal conditions for the growth of Ag nanoparticles. - Graphical abstract: Theoretical representation of the Ag{sub 2}CrO{sub 4} orthorhombic structure. Display Omitted - Highlights: • The Ag{sub 2}CrO{sub 4} microcrystals indicate an orthorhombic structure. • The formation of Ag{sup 0} promotes Ag-nanoparticle growth on the surface of the Ag{sub 2}CrO{sub 4}. • Electron irradiation of the material induces the formation of Ag vacancies.« less

NASIS data base management system - IBM 360/370 OS MVT implementation. 4: Program design specifications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The design specifications for the programs and modules within the NASA Aerospace Safety Information System (NASIS) are presented. The purpose of the design specifications is to standardize the preparation of the specifications and to guide the program design. Each major functional module within the system is a separate entity for documentation purposes. The design specifications contain a description of, and specifications for, all detail processing which occurs in the module. Sub-modules, reference tables, and data sets which are common to several modules are documented separately.