75 FR 39189 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 747 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... cracking in the body skin and the skin splice plate; for certain airplanes, an inspection for steel cross... inspections for cracking of the bulkhead frame web and body skin; and corrective actions if necessary. This... modification doublers; and, for certain airplanes, and a one-time external general visual inspection for steel...

77 FR 47563 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-09

... inspections for dirt, loose particles, or blockage of the flanged tube and drain hole for the pressure seals... for the E1A and E1B elevator control cable aft pressure seals; doing repetitive inspections for dirt..., depending on airplane configuration, repetitive general visual inspections for dirt, loose particles, and...

Two-color mixing for classifying agricultural products for safety and quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Fujian; Chen, Yud-Ren; Chao, Kuanglin; Chan, Diane E.

2006-02-01

We show that the chromaticness of the visual signal that results from the two-color mixing achieved through an optically enhanced binocular device is directly related to the band ratio of light intensity at the two selected wavebands. A technique that implements the band-ratio criterion in a visual device by using two-color mixing is presented here. The device will allow inspectors to identify targets visually in accordance with a two-wavelength band ratio. It is a method of inspection by human vision assisted by an optical device, which offers greater flexibility and better cost savings than a multispectral machine vision system that implements the band-ratio criterion. With proper selection of the two narrow wavebands, discrimination by chromaticness that is directly related to the band ratio can work well. An example application of this technique for the inspection of carcasses chickens of afficted with various diseases is given. An optimal pair of wavelengths of 454 and 578 nm was selected to optimize differences in saturation and hue in CIE LUV color space among different types of target. Another example application, for the detection of chilling injury in cucumbers, is given, here the selected wavelength pair was 504 and 652 nm. The novel two-color mixing technique for visual inspection can be included in visual devices for various applications, ranging from target detection to food safety inspection.

JavaScript: Data Visualizations

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

D3 is a JavaScript library that, in a manner similar to jQuery library, allows direct inspection and manipulation of the Document Object Model, but is intended for the primary purpose of data visualization.

Urodynamic catheter moisture sensor: A novel device to improve leak point pressure detection.

PubMed

Marshall, Blake R; Arlen, Angela M; Kirsch, Andrew J

2016-06-01

High-quality urodynamic studies in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction are important, as UDS may be the only reliable gauge of potential risk for upper tract deterioration and the optimal tool to guide lower urinary tract management. Reliance on direct visualization of leakage during typical UDS remains a potential source of error. Given the necessity of accurate leak point pressures, we developed a wireless leak detection sensor to eliminate the need for visual inspection during UDS. A mean decrease in detrusor leak point pressure of 3 cm/H2 0 and a mean 11% decrease in capacity at leakage was observed when employing the sensor compared to visual inspection in children undergoing two fillings during a single UDS session. Removing the visual inspection component of UDS may improve accuracy of pressure readings. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:647-648, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Verification of cleaning efficiency and its possible role in programmed hygiene inspections of food businesses undertaken by local authority officers.

PubMed

Tebbutt, G; Bell, V; Aislabie, J

2007-04-01

The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the assessment of surface cleanliness could make a contribution to visual inspections of food premises. Forty-five premises were studied with both rapid (ATP) and traditional microbiological swabbing being used to test surfaces that either come into direct contact with prepared foods or were likely to be touched by hands during food preparation. A significant link was found between aerobic colony counts and ATP measurements. In most cases, the visual appearance of surfaces could not be used to accurately predict either microbial or ATP results. This study suggests that ATP testing is a useful indicator of surface cleanliness and could be helpful to local authority officers as part of risk assessment inspections. This study provides further evidence that visual inspection alone may not always be adequate to assess surface cleanliness. In high-risk premises, ATP could, if appropriately targeted, help identify potential problem areas. The results are available at the time of the inspection and can be used as an on-the-spot teaching aid.

78 FR 52407 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

... the flotation gear. (A) Unfold and visually inspect the float assemblies for any cuts, tears... inflating valve and inspect the fabric panels and girts for any cuts, tears, punctures, or abrasion. If there is a cut, tear, puncture, or any abrasion, repair the float. (2) For emergency floatation gear...

78 FR 65180 - Airworthiness Directives; MD Helicopters, Inc., Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

... reducing the retirement life of each tail rotor blade (blade), performing a one-time visual inspection of... required reporting information to the FAA within 24 hours following the one-time inspection. Since we... pitting and the shot peen surface's condition in addition to cracks and corrosion, and adds certain part...

Performance of visual inspection with acetic acid for cervical cancer screening: a qualitative summary of evidence to date.

PubMed

Gaffikin, Lynne; Lauterbach, Margo; Blumenthal, Paul D

2003-08-01

Developing countries often lack the necessary resources to use the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear as a screening tool for cervical abnormalities. Because the burden of cervical cancer is highest in such low-resource settings, alternative techniques have been sought. Recently, interest in visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) has increased. Numerous studies have been conducted on its accuracy and its ability to detect cervical lesions when compared with other techniques, both conventional and nonconventional. This review summarizes key findings from the literature to provide researchers and policymakers with an up-to-date summary on VIA. PubMed was used to identify relevant journal articles published between 1982 and 2002. Key words were cervical cancer screening, visual inspection, VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid), DVI (direct visual inspection), AAT (acetic acid test), and cervicoscopy. Studies were eligible for review only if they involved analysis of primary VIA data (ie, not review articles); studies involving magnification devices were excluded. Fifteen studies were reviewed in total; key results were extracted and a summary analysis was performed for sensitivity and specificity parameters. When reported, sensitivity ranged between 66% and 96% and specificity between 64% and 98%. Authors comparing VIA with cytology noted that the overall usefulness of VIA compares favorably with that of the Pap test. The reported findings reviewed here suggest that VIA has the potential to be a cervical cancer screening tool, especially in low resource settings. Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. After completion of this article, the reader will be able to describe how visual inspection of the cervix for cervical cancer screening (VIA) is performed, to summarize the current literature on VIA, and to list potential advantages of VIA.

77 FR 69747 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-21

... frame upper outboard chord has been replaced as specified in Boeing Service Bulletin 737-53-1088: Prior... Bulletin 737-53-1088: Repeat the inspections required by paragraph (g) of this AD at the time specified in... as specified in Boeing Service Bulletin 737-53-1088: Perform close visual, PESW, and HFEC inspections...

78 FR 27867 - Airworthiness Directives; MD Helicopters Inc. Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-13

... the retirement life of each tail rotor blade (blade), performing a one-time visual inspection of each... information to the FAA within 24 hours following the one-time inspection. Since we issued that AD, an accident... shot peen surface's condition in addition to cracks and corrosion, and would add certain part-numbered...

78 FR 65171 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

... airplane undergoing a passenger- to-freighter conversion. This AD requires doing a general visual... service information identified in this AD, contact Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Attention: Data & Services... proposed to require doing a general visual inspection of the station 1920 splice clip for correct fastener...

Direct Observation of Individual Charges and Their Dynamics on Graphene by Low-Energy Electron Holography.

PubMed

Latychevskaia, Tatiana; Wicki, Flavio; Longchamp, Jean-Nicolas; Escher, Conrad; Fink, Hans-Werner

2016-09-14

Visualizing individual charges confined to molecules and observing their dynamics with high spatial resolution is a challenge for advancing various fields in science, ranging from mesoscopic physics to electron transfer events in biological molecules. We show here that the high sensitivity of low-energy electrons to local electric fields can be employed to directly visualize individual charged adsorbates and to study their behavior in a quantitative way. This makes electron holography a unique probing tool for directly visualizing charge distributions with a sensitivity of a fraction of an elementary charge. Moreover, spatial resolution in the nanometer range and fast data acquisition inherent to lens-less low-energy electron holography allows for direct visual inspection of charge transfer processes.

Semiautomatic estimation of breast density with DM-Scan software.

PubMed

Martínez Gómez, I; Casals El Busto, M; Antón Guirao, J; Ruiz Perales, F; Llobet Azpitarte, R

2014-01-01

To evaluate the reproducibility of the calculation of breast density with DM-Scan software, which is based on the semiautomatic segmentation of fibroglandular tissue, and to compare it with the reproducibility of estimation by visual inspection. The study included 655 direct digital mammograms acquired using craniocaudal projections. Three experienced radiologists analyzed the density of the mammograms using DM-Scan, and the inter- and intra-observer agreement between pairs of radiologists for the Boyd and BI-RADS® scales were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The Kappa index was used to compare the inter- and intra-observer agreements with those obtained previously for visual inspection in the same set of images. For visual inspection, the mean interobserver agreement was 0,876 (95% CI: 0,873-0,879) on the Boyd scale and 0,823 (95% CI: 0,818-0,829) on the BI-RADS® scale. The mean intraobserver agreement was 0,813 (95% CI: 0,796-0,829) on the Boyd scale and 0,770 (95% CI: 0,742-0,797) on the BI-RADS® scale. For DM-Scan, the mean inter- and intra-observer agreement was 0,92, considerably higher than the agreement for visual inspection. The semiautomatic calculation of breast density using DM-Scan software is more reliable and reproducible than visual estimation and reduces the subjectivity and variability in determining breast density. Copyright © 2012 SERAM. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

75 FR 68543 - Airworthiness Directives; Cessna Aircraft Company Models 150, 152, 170, 172, 175, 177, 180, 182...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-08

... first: (1) Visually inspect the pilot and copilot seat rails for dirt and debris that may prevent engagement of the seat locking pins. Before further flight, after any inspection where dirt or debris is found, remove the dirt or debris found. (2) Lift up the forward edge of each seat to eliminate vertical...

Current food chain information provides insufficient information for modern meat inspection of pigs.

PubMed

Felin, Elina; Jukola, Elias; Raulo, Saara; Heinonen, Jaakko; Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Maria

2016-05-01

Meat inspection now incorporates a more risk-based approach for protecting human health against meat-borne biological hazards. Official post-mortem meat inspection of pigs has shifted to visual meat inspection. The official veterinarian decides on additional post-mortem inspection procedures, such as incisions and palpations. The decision is based on declarations in the food chain information (FCI), ante-mortem inspection and post-mortem inspection. However, a smooth slaughter and inspection process is essential. Therefore, one should be able to assess prior to slaughter which pigs are suitable for visual meat inspection only, and which need more profound inspection procedures. This study evaluates the usability of the FCI provided by pig producers and considered the possibility for risk ranking of incoming slaughter batches according to the previous meat inspection data and the current FCI. Eighty-five slaughter batches comprising 8954 fattening pigs were randomly selected at a slaughterhouse that receives animals from across Finland. The mortality rate, the FCI and the meat inspection results for each batch were obtained. The current FCI alone provided insufficient and inaccurate information for risk ranking purposes for meat inspection. The partial condemnation rate for a batch was best predicted by the partial condemnation rate calculated for all the pigs sent for slaughter from the same holding in the previous year (p<0.001) and by prior information on cough declared in the current FCI (p=0.02) statement. Training and information to producers are needed to make the FCI reporting procedures more accurate. Historical meat inspection data on pigs slaughtered from the same holdings and well-chosen symptoms/signs for reporting, should be included in the FCI to facilitate the allocation of pigs for visual inspection. The introduced simple scoring system can be easily used for additional information for directing batches to appropriate meat inspection procedures. To control the main biological public health hazards related to pork, serological surveillance should be done and the information obtained from analyses should be used as part of the FCI. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

76 FR 47427 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 747-400 and -400F Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-05

... the products listed above. This AD requires a general visual inspection for cracks and holes of the... Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Attention: Data & Services Management, P.O. Box 3707, MC 2H-65, Seattle... published in the Federal Register on February 10, 2011 (76 FR 7513). The NPRM proposed a general visual...

Visual Inspection Reliability for Precision Manufactured Parts.

PubMed

See, Judi E

2015-12-01

Sandia National Laboratories conducted an experiment for the National Nuclear Security Administration to determine the reliability of visual inspection of precision manufactured parts used in nuclear weapons. Visual inspection has been extensively researched since the early 20th century; however, the reliability of visual inspection for nuclear weapons parts has not been addressed. In addition, the efficacy of using inspector confidence ratings to guide multiple inspections in an effort to improve overall performance accuracy is unknown. Further, the workload associated with inspection has not been documented, and newer measures of stress have not been applied. Eighty-two inspectors in the U.S. Nuclear Security Enterprise inspected 140 parts for eight different defects. Inspectors correctly rejected 85% of defective items and incorrectly rejected 35% of acceptable parts. Use of a phased inspection approach based on inspector confidence ratings was not an effective or efficient technique to improve the overall accuracy of the process. Results did verify that inspection is a workload-intensive task, dominated by mental demand and effort. Hits for Nuclear Security Enterprise inspection were not vastly superior to the industry average of 80%, and they were achieved at the expense of a high scrap rate not typically observed during visual inspection tasks. This study provides the first empirical data to address the reliability of visual inspection for precision manufactured parts used in nuclear weapons. Results enhance current understanding of the process of visual inspection and can be applied to improve reliability for precision manufactured parts. © 2015, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

29 CFR 1910.101 - Compressed gases (general requirements).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (general requirements). (a) Inspection of compressed gas cylinders. Each employer shall determine that... by visual inspection. Visual and other inspections shall be conducted as prescribed in the Hazardous... those regulations are not applicable, visual and other inspections shall be conducted in accordance with...

29 CFR 1910.101 - Compressed gases (general requirements).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (general requirements). (a) Inspection of compressed gas cylinders. Each employer shall determine that... by visual inspection. Visual and other inspections shall be conducted as prescribed in the Hazardous... those regulations are not applicable, visual and other inspections shall be conducted in accordance with...

29 CFR 1910.101 - Compressed gases (general requirements).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (general requirements). (a) Inspection of compressed gas cylinders. Each employer shall determine that... by visual inspection. Visual and other inspections shall be conducted as prescribed in the Hazardous... those regulations are not applicable, visual and other inspections shall be conducted in accordance with...

29 CFR 1910.101 - Compressed gases (general requirements).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (general requirements). (a) Inspection of compressed gas cylinders. Each employer shall determine that... by visual inspection. Visual and other inspections shall be conducted as prescribed in the Hazardous... those regulations are not applicable, visual and other inspections shall be conducted in accordance with...

29 CFR 1910.101 - Compressed gases (general requirements).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (general requirements). (a) Inspection of compressed gas cylinders. Each employer shall determine that... by visual inspection. Visual and other inspections shall be conducted as prescribed in the Hazardous... those regulations are not applicable, visual and other inspections shall be conducted in accordance with...

Accuracy of visual inspection performed by community health workers in cervical cancer screening.

PubMed

Driscoll, Susan D; Tappen, Ruth M; Newman, David; Voege-Harvey, Kathi

2018-05-22

Cervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer and mortality in low-resource areas with healthcare personnel shortages. Visual inspection is a low-resource alternative method of cervical cancer screening in areas with limited access to healthcare. To assess accuracy of visual inspection performed by community health workers (CHWs) and licensed providers, and the effect of provider training on visual inspection accuracy. Five databases and four websites were queried for studies published in English up to December 31, 2015. Derivations of "cervical cancer screening" and "visual inspection" were search terms. Visual inspection screening studies with provider definitions, colposcopy reference standards, and accuracy data were included. A priori variables were extracted by two independent reviewers. Bivariate linear mixed-effects models were used to compare visual inspection accuracy. Provider type was a significant predictor of visual inspection sensitivity (P=0.048); sensitivity was 15 percentage points higher among CHWs than physicians (P=0.014). Components of provider training were significant predictors of sensitivity and specificity. Community-based visual inspection programs using adequately trained CHWs could reduce barriers and expand access to screening, thereby decreasing cervical cancer incidence and mortality for women at highest risk and those living in remote areas with limited access to healthcare personnel. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Progressive Visual Analytics: User-Driven Visual Exploration of In-Progress Analytics.

PubMed

Stolper, Charles D; Perer, Adam; Gotz, David

2014-12-01

As datasets grow and analytic algorithms become more complex, the typical workflow of analysts launching an analytic, waiting for it to complete, inspecting the results, and then re-Iaunching the computation with adjusted parameters is not realistic for many real-world tasks. This paper presents an alternative workflow, progressive visual analytics, which enables an analyst to inspect partial results of an algorithm as they become available and interact with the algorithm to prioritize subspaces of interest. Progressive visual analytics depends on adapting analytical algorithms to produce meaningful partial results and enable analyst intervention without sacrificing computational speed. The paradigm also depends on adapting information visualization techniques to incorporate the constantly refining results without overwhelming analysts and provide interactions to support an analyst directing the analytic. The contributions of this paper include: a description of the progressive visual analytics paradigm; design goals for both the algorithms and visualizations in progressive visual analytics systems; an example progressive visual analytics system (Progressive Insights) for analyzing common patterns in a collection of event sequences; and an evaluation of Progressive Insights and the progressive visual analytics paradigm by clinical researchers analyzing electronic medical records.

76 FR 35346 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Model SA-365C, SA-365C1, SA-365C2, SA-365N, SA-365N1...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-17

... Eurocopter France (Eurocopter) helicopters. This action requires visually inspecting the adhesive bead between the bushing and the Starflex star (Starflex) arm for a crack, a gap, or loss of the adhesive bead... inspecting the adhesive bead between the bushing and the Starflex arm for a crack, a gap, or loss of the...

Visual inspection reliability for precision manufactured parts

DOE PAGES

See, Judi E.

2015-09-04

Sandia National Laboratories conducted an experiment for the National Nuclear Security Administration to determine the reliability of visual inspection of precision manufactured parts used in nuclear weapons. In addition visual inspection has been extensively researched since the early 20th century; however, the reliability of visual inspection for nuclear weapons parts has not been addressed. In addition, the efficacy of using inspector confidence ratings to guide multiple inspections in an effort to improve overall performance accuracy is unknown. Further, the workload associated with inspection has not been documented, and newer measures of stress have not been applied.

Computer vision for general purpose visual inspection: a fuzzy logic approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Y. H.

In automatic visual industrial inspection, computer vision systems have been widely used. Such systems are often application specific, and therefore require domain knowledge in order to have a successful implementation. Since visual inspection can be viewed as a decision making process, it is argued that the integration of fuzzy logic analysis and computer vision systems provides a practical approach to general purpose visual inspection applications. This paper describes the development of an integrated fuzzy-rule-based automatic visual inspection system. Domain knowledge about a particular application is represented as a set of fuzzy rules. From the status of predefined fuzzy variables, the set of fuzzy rules are defuzzified to give the inspection results. A practical application where IC marks (often in the forms of English characters and a company logo) inspection is demonstrated, which shows a more consistent result as compared to a conventional thresholding method.

75 FR 69611 - Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc RB211-Trent 768, 772, and 772B Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

...-0960; Directorate Identifier 98-ANE-09-AD] RIN 2120-AA64 Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc... repetitive visual inspections of Rolls-Royce plc RB211-Trent 768 and 772 series turbofan engine thrust... directive (AD) 98-09-27, Amendment 39-10508 (63 FR 24911, May 6, 1998): Rolls-Royce plc: Docket No. FAA-2010...

Influence of visual clutter on the effect of navigated safety inspection: a case study on elevator installation.

PubMed

Liao, Pin-Chao; Sun, Xinlu; Liu, Mei; Shih, Yu-Nien

2018-01-11

Navigated safety inspection based on task-specific checklists can increase the hazard detection rate, theoretically with interference from scene complexity. Visual clutter, a proxy of scene complexity, can theoretically impair visual search performance, but its impact on the effect of safety inspection performance remains to be explored for the optimization of navigated inspection. This research aims to explore whether the relationship between working memory and hazard detection rate is moderated by visual clutter. Based on a perceptive model of hazard detection, we: (a) developed a mathematical influence model for construction hazard detection; (b) designed an experiment to observe the performance of hazard detection rate with adjusted working memory under different levels of visual clutter, while using an eye-tracking device to observe participants' visual search processes; (c) utilized logistic regression to analyze the developed model under various visual clutter. The effect of a strengthened working memory on the detection rate through increased search efficiency is more apparent in high visual clutter. This study confirms the role of visual clutter in construction-navigated inspections, thus serving as a foundation for the optimization of inspection planning.

Design of an aid to visual inspection workstation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tait, Robert; Harding, Kevin

2016-05-01

Visual Inspection is the most common means for inspecting manufactured parts for random defects such as pits, scratches, breaks, corrosion or general wear. The reason for the need for visual inspection is the very random nature of what might be a defect. Some defects may be very rare, being seen once or twice a year, but May still be critical to part performance. Because of this random and rare nature, even the most sophisticated image analysis programs have not been able to recognize all possible defects. Key to any future automation of inspection is obtaining good sample images of what might be a defect. However, most visual check take no images and consequently generate no digital data or historical record beyond a simple count. Any additional tool to captures such images must be able to do so without taking addition time. This paper outlines the design of a potential visual inspection station that would be compatible with current visual inspection methods, but afford the means for reliable digital imaging and in many cases augmented capabilities to assist the inspection. Considerations in this study included: resolution, depth of field, feature highlighting, and ease of digital capture, annotations and inspection augmentation for repeatable registration as well as operator assistance and training.

40 CFR Table 11 to Subpart G of... - Wastewater-Inspection and Monitoring Requirements for Waste Management Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... openings for leaks Initially Semi-annually Visual. 63.133(c) Inspect floating roof in accordance with §§ 63.... Surface impoundments: 63.134(b)(1) Inspect cover and all openings for leaks Initially Semi-annually Visual... for leaks Initially Semi-annually Visual. 63.135(d)(1) Inspect enclosure and all openings for leaks...

Visual Inspection Research Project Report on Benchmark Inspections

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-10-01

Word document. Recognizing the importance of visual inspection in the maintenance of the civil air fleet, the FAA tasked the Aging Aircraft Nondestructive Inspection Validation Center (AANC) at Sandia National Labs in Albuquerque, NM, to establish a ...

Chromatic signals control proboscis movements during hovering flight in the hummingbird hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum.

PubMed

Goyret, Joaquín; Kelber, Almut

2012-01-01

Most visual systems are more sensitive to luminance than to colour signals. Animals resolve finer spatial detail and temporal changes through achromatic signals than through chromatic ones. Probably, this explains that detection of small, distant, or moving objects is typically mediated through achromatic signals. Macroglossum stellatarum are fast flying nectarivorous hawkmoths that inspect flowers with their long proboscis while hovering. They can visually control this behaviour using floral markings known as nectar guides. Here, we investigate whether this is mediated by chromatic or achromatic cues. We evaluated proboscis placement, foraging efficiency, and inspection learning of naïve moths foraging on flower models with coloured markings that offered either chromatic, achromatic or both contrasts. Hummingbird hawkmoths could use either achromatic or chromatic signals to inspect models while hovering. We identified three, apparently independent, components controlling proboscis placement: After initial contact, 1) moths directed their probing towards the yellow colour irrespectively of luminance signals, suggesting a dominant role of chromatic signals; and 2) moths tended to probe mainly on the brighter areas of models that offered only achromatic signals. 3) During the establishment of the first contact, naïve moths showed a tendency to direct their proboscis towards the small floral marks independent of their colour or luminance. Moths learned to find nectar faster, but their foraging efficiency depended on the flower model they foraged on. Our results imply that M. stellatarum can perceive small patterns through colour vision. We discuss how the different informational contents of chromatic and luminance signals can be significant for the control of flower inspection, and visually guided behaviours in general.

Association and comparison between visual inspection and bitewing radiography for the detection of recurrent dental caries under restorations.

PubMed

Lino, José R; Ramos-Jorge, Joana; Coelho, Valéria Silveira; Ramos-Jorge, Maria L; Moysés, Marcos R; Ribeiro, José C R

2015-08-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate, in posterior teeth, the association between the characteristics of the margins of a restoration visually inspected and the presence, under restorations, of recurrent or residual dental caries detected by radiographic examination. Furthermore, the agreement between visual inspection and radiographs to detect dental caries was assessed. Eighty-five permanent molars and premolars with resin restorations on the interproximal and/or occlusal faces, from 18 patients, were submitted for visual inspection and radiographic examination. The visual inspection involved the criteria of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Bitewing radiographs were used for the radiographic examination. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the characteristics of the margins of a restoration assessed by visual inspection (absence of dental caries, or early, established, inactive and active lesions) and the presence of recurrent caries detected by radiographs. Kappa coefficients were calculated for determining agreement between the two methods. The Kappa coefficient for agreement between visual inspection and radiographic examination was 0.19. Established lesions [odds ratio (OR) = 9.89; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.94-33.25; P < 0.05] and lesion activity (OR = 2.57; 95% CI: 0.91-7.27; P < 0.05) detected by visual inspection, were associated with recurrent or residual dental caries detected by radiographs. Restorations with established and active lesions at the margins had a greater chance of exhibiting recurrent or residual lesions in the radiographic examination. The present findings demonstrate that restorations with established and active lesions at the margins when visually inspected often require removal and retreatment. © 2015 FDI World Dental Federation.

Benefit of cerebrospinal fluid spectrophotometry in the assessment of CT scan negative suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage: a diagnostic accuracy study.

PubMed

Hann, Angus; Chu, Kevin; Greenslade, Jaimi; Williams, Julian; Brown, Anthony

2015-01-01

This study aimed to determine if performing cerebrospinal fluid spectrophotometry in addition to visual inspection detects more ruptured cerebral aneurysms than performing cerebrospinal fluid visual inspection alone in patients with a normal head CT scan but suspected of suffering an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We performed a single-centre retrospective study of patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital who underwent both head CT scan and lumbar puncture to exclude SAH. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of an approach utilising both spectrophotometry and visual inspection (combined approach) was compared to visual inspection alone. A total of 409 patients (mean age 37.8 years, 56.2% female) were recruited and six (1.5%) had a cerebral aneurysm on angiography. The sensitivity of visual inspection was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.4-82.6%), specificity was 99% (95% CI: 97.5-99.7%), PPV was 42.9% (95% CI: 10.4-81.3%) and NPV was 99.2% (95% CI: 97.8-99.8%). The combined approach had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 54.1-100%), specificity of 79.7% (95% CI: 75.4-83.5%), PPV of 6.8% (95% CI: 2.6-14.3%) and a NPV of 100% (95% CI: 98.8-100%). The sensitivity of the combined approach was not significantly different to that of visual inspection alone (p=0.25). Visual inspection had a significantly higher specificity than the combined approach (p<0.01). The combined approach detected more cases of aneurysmal SAH than visual inspection alone, however the difference in sensitivity was not statistically significant. Visual xanthochromia should prompt angiography because of a superior specificity and PPV. Due to its reduced sensitivity, caution should be applied when using only visual inspection of the supernatant. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 202.22 - Visual exhaust system inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Visual exhaust system inspection. 202... Standards § 202.22 Visual exhaust system inspection. No motor carrier subject to these regulations shall operate any motor vehicle of a type to which this regulation is applicable unless the exhaust system of...

40 CFR 202.22 - Visual exhaust system inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Visual exhaust system inspection. 202... Standards § 202.22 Visual exhaust system inspection. No motor carrier subject to these regulations shall operate any motor vehicle of a type to which this regulation is applicable unless the exhaust system of...

40 CFR 202.22 - Visual exhaust system inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Visual exhaust system inspection. 202... Standards § 202.22 Visual exhaust system inspection. No motor carrier subject to these regulations shall operate any motor vehicle of a type to which this regulation is applicable unless the exhaust system of...

78 FR 12825 - Petition for Extension of Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-25

... the frequency of the required visual track inspections. FRA issued the initial waiver that granted.... SEPTA requests an extension of approval to reduce the frequency of required, visual track inspections... with continuous welded rail. SEPTA proposes to conduct one visual track inspection per week, instead of...

Predictors of default from follow-up care in a cervical cancer screening program using direct visual inspection in south-western Nigeria.

PubMed

Ezechi, Oliver Chukwujekwu; Petterson, Karen Odberg; Gbajabiamila, Titilola A; Idigbe, Ifeoma Eugenia; Kuyoro, Olutunmike; Ujah, Innocent Achaya Otobo; Ostergren, Per Olof

2014-03-31

Increasingly evidence is emerging from south East Asia, southern and east Africa on the burden of default to follow up care after a positive cervical cancer screening/diagnosis, which impacts negatively on cervical cancer prevention and control. Unfortunately little or no information exists on the subject in the West Africa sub region. This study was designed to determine the proportion of and predictors and reasons for default from follow up care after positive cervical cancer screen. Women who screen positive at community cervical cancer screening using direct visual inspection were followed up to determine the proportion of default and associated factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of default. One hundred and eight (16.1%) women who screened positive to direct visual inspection out of 673 were enrolled into the study. Fifty one (47.2%) out of the 108 women that screened positive defaulted from follow-up appointment. Women who were poorly educated (OR: 3.1, CI: 2.0 - 5.2), or lived more than 10 km from the clinic (OR: 2.0, CI: 1.0 - 4.1), or never screened for cervical cancer before (OR: 3.5, CI:3:1-8.4) were more likely to default from follow-up after screening positive for precancerous lesion of cervix . The main reasons for default were cost of transportation (48.6%) and time constraints (25.7%). The rate of default was high (47.2%) as a result of unaffordable transportation cost and limited time to keep the scheduled appointment. A change from the present strategy that involves multiple visits to a "see and treat" strategy in which both testing and treatment are performed at a single visit is recommended.

49 CFR Appendix C to Part 180 - Eddy Current Examination With Visual Inspection for DOT 3AL Cylinders Manufactured of Aluminum...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Eddy Current Examination With Visual Inspection... PACKAGINGS Pt. 180, App. C Appendix C to Part 180—Eddy Current Examination With Visual Inspection for DOT 3AL... procedure applicable to the test equipment it uses to perform eddy current examinations. 2. Visual...

Error Sources in Proccessing LIDAR Based Bridge Inspection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bian, H.; Chen, S. E.; Liu, W.

2017-09-01

Bridge inspection is a critical task in infrastructure management and is facing unprecedented challenges after a series of bridge failures. The prevailing visual inspection was insufficient in providing reliable and quantitative bridge information although a systematic quality management framework was built to ensure visual bridge inspection data quality to minimize errors during the inspection process. The LiDAR based remote sensing is recommended as an effective tool in overcoming some of the disadvantages of visual inspection. In order to evaluate the potential of applying this technology in bridge inspection, some of the error sources in LiDAR based bridge inspection are analysed. The scanning angle variance in field data collection and the different algorithm design in scanning data processing are the found factors that will introduce errors into inspection results. Besides studying the errors sources, advanced considerations should be placed on improving the inspection data quality, and statistical analysis might be employed to evaluate inspection operation process that contains a series of uncertain factors in the future. Overall, the development of a reliable bridge inspection system requires not only the improvement of data processing algorithms, but also systematic considerations to mitigate possible errors in the entire inspection workflow. If LiDAR or some other technology can be accepted as a supplement for visual inspection, the current quality management framework will be modified or redesigned, and this would be as urgent as the refine of inspection techniques.

40 CFR 202.23 - Visual tire inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Visual tire inspection. 202.23 Section... Visual tire inspection. No motor carrier subject to these regulations shall at any time operate any motor vehicle of a type to which this regulation is applicable on a tire or tires having a tread pattern which...

Automated Visual Inspection Of Integrated Circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noppen, G.; Oosterlinck, Andre J.

1989-07-01

One of the major application fields of image processing techniques is the 'visual inspection'. For a number of rea-sons, the automated visual inspection of Integrated Circuits (IC's) has drawn a lot of attention. : Their very strict design makes them very suitable for an automated inspection. : There is already a lot of experience in the comparable Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and mask inspection. : The mechanical handling of wafers and dice is already an established technology. : Military and medical IC's should be a 100 % failproof. : IC inspection gives a high and allinost immediate payback. In this paper we wil try to give an outline of the problems involved in IC inspection, and the algorithms and methods used to overcome these problems. We will not go into de-tail, but we will try to give a general understanding. Our attention will go to the following topics. : An overview of the inspection process, with an emphasis on the second visual inspection. : The problems encountered in IC inspection, as opposed to the comparable PCB and mask inspection. : The image acquisition devices that can be used to obtain 'inspectable' images. : A general overview of the algorithms that can be used. : A short description of the algorithms developed at the ESAT-MI2 division of the katholieke Universiteit Leuven.

Noninvasive cross-sectional visualization of enamel cracks by optical coherence tomography in vitro.

PubMed

Imai, Kanako; Shimada, Yasushi; Sadr, Alireza; Sumi, Yasunori; Tagami, Junji

2012-09-01

Current methods for the detection of enamel cracks are not very sensitive. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising diagnostic method for creating cross-sectional imaging of internal biological structures by measuring echoes of backscattered light. In this study, swept-source OCT (SS-OCT), a variant of OCT that sweeps the near-infrared wavelength at a rate of 30 kHz over a span of 110 nm centered at 1,330 nm, was examined as a diagnostic tool for enamel cracks. Twenty extracted human teeth were visually evaluated without magnification. SS-OCT was conducted on locations in which the presence of an enamel crack was suspected under visual inspection using a photocuring unit as transillumination. The teeth were then sectioned with a diamond saw and directly viewed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Using SS-OCT, the presence and extent of enamel cracks were clearly visualized on images based on backscattering signals. The extension of enamel cracks beyond the dentinoenamel junction could also be confirmed. The diagnostic accuracy of SS-OCT was shown to be superior to that of conventional visual inspection--the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve--for the detection of enamel crack and whole-thickness enamel crack; visual inspection: 0.69 and 0.56, SS-OCT: 0.85 and 0.77, respectively). Enamel cracks can be clearly detected because of increased backscattering of light matching the location of the crack, and the results correlated well with those from the CLSM. Copyright © 2012 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Robot arm apparatus

DOEpatents

Nachbar, Henry D.

1992-12-01

A robot arm apparatus is provided for inspecting and/or maintaining an interior of a steam generator which has an outside wall and a port for accessing the interior of the steam generator. The robot arm apparatus includes a flexible movable conduit for conveying inspection and/or maintenance apparatus from outside the steam generator to the interior of the steam generator. The flexible conduit has a terminal working end which is translated into and around the interior of the steam generator. Three motors located outside the steam generator are employed for moving the terminal working end inside the steam generator in "x", "y", and "z" directions, respectively. Commonly conducted inspection and maintenance operations include visual inspection for damaged areas, water jet lancing for cleaning sludge deposits, core boring for obtaining sludge deposits, and scrubbing of internal parts.

Robot arm apparatus

DOEpatents

Nachbar, Henry D.

1992-01-01

A robot arm apparatus is provided for inspecting and/or maintaining an interior of a steam generator which has an outside wall and a port for accessing the interior of the steam generator. The robot arm apparatus includes a flexible movable conduit for conveying inspection and/or maintenance apparatus from outside the steam generator to the interior of the steam generator. The flexible conduit has a terminal working end which is translated into and around the interior of the steam generator. Three motors located outside the steam generator are employed for moving the terminal working end inside the steam generator in "x", "y", and "z" directions, respectively. Commonly conducted inspection and maintenance operations include visual inspection for damaged areas, water jet lancing for cleaning sludge deposits, core boring for obtaining sludge deposits, and scrubbing of internal parts.

76 FR 12277 - Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc RB211-Trent 768, 772, and 772B Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-07

... Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc RB211-Trent 768, 772, and 772B Turbofan Engines AGENCY: Federal...). Those ADs both require the same initial and repetitive visual inspections of Rolls-Royce plc RB211-Trent... FR 24911, May 6, 1998): 98-09-27R1 Rolls-Royce plc: Amendment 39-16620. Docket No. FAA-2010- 0960...

77 FR 58334 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-20

... Commercial Airplanes, Attention: Data & Services Management, P. O. Box 3707, MC 2H-65, Seattle, Washington.... Relevant Service Information We reviewed Boeing Special Attention Service Bulletin 737-29-1113, dated March 23, 2011. That service bulletin describes procedures for a general visual inspection for damage of...

77 FR 67254 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-09

..., damage, and loose wiring within an ACCB and repair if necessary; and requires rework and re... necessary] and rectification [rework] of the wiring installation within each ACCB. You may obtain further... visual inspection for chafing, damage, and insulation damage, and rework the wiring within the ACCB, in...

77 FR 24833 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-26

... the hydraulic high pressure hose and electrical wiring of the green electrical motor pump (EMP). This... panel; doing a one-time general visual inspection for correct condition and installation of hydraulic... electrical wiring of the green EMPs, which in combination with a system failure, could cause an uncontrolled...

76 FR 27865 - Airworthiness Directives; Cessna Aircraft Company Models 150, 152, 170, 172, 175, 177, 180, 182...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-13

... months, whichever occurs first: (1) Visually inspect the pilot and copilot seat rails for dirt and debris... dirt or debris is found, remove the dirt or debris found. (2) Remove the seat from the seat rail. (i...

78 FR 45845 - Airworthiness Directives; Bell Helicopter Textron Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-30

..., whichever occurs first, cleaning and visually inspecting each T/R blade assembly for a crack, corrosion... be covered under warranty, thereby reducing the cost impact on affected individuals. We do not... a crack, corrosion (may be indicated by blistering, peeling, flaking, bubbling, or cracked paint), a...

Procedures for precap visual inspection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

Screening procedures for the final precap visual inspection of microcircuits used in electronic system components are described as an aid in training personnel unfamiliar with microcircuits. Processing techniques used in industry for the manufacture of monolithic and hybrid components are presented and imperfections that may be encountered during this inspection are discussed. Problem areas such as scratches, voids, adhesions, and wire bonding are illustrated by photomicrographs. This guide can serve as an effective tool in training personnel to perform precap visual inspections efficiently and reliably.

Fault-Tolerant Control For A Robotic Inspection System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tso, Kam Sing

1995-01-01

Report describes first phase of continuing program of research on fault-tolerant control subsystem of telerobotic visual-inspection system. Goal of program to develop robotic system for remotely controlled visual inspection of structures in outer space.

An Evaluation of the Conservative Dual-Criterion Method for Teaching University Students to Visually Inspect AB-Design Graphs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Kelise K.; Carr, James E.; Brandt, Charles W.; McHenry, Meade M.

2007-01-01

The present study evaluated the effects of both a traditional lecture and the conservative dual-criterion (CDC) judgment aid on the ability of 6 university students to visually inspect AB-design line graphs. The traditional lecture reliably failed to improve visual inspection accuracy, whereas the CDC method substantially improved the performance…

75 FR 12667 - Airworthiness Directives; Learjet Inc. Model 45 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-17

... certain Model 45 airplanes. This AD requires a general visual inspection for cracked and missing ballscrew... sleeve or flap actuator for cracks, and replacement or modification of the flap actuator if necessary. This AD results from reports of cracked and missing ballscrew assembly sleeves of the flap actuators...

76 FR 39256 - Airworthiness Directives; Dassault Aviation Model FALCON 7X Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

... include modifying the applicable wiring and layout, a general visual inspection for absence of marks of... March 3, 2010. (2) Modify the applicable wiring and layout, in accordance with the Accomplishment... modifying the applicable wiring and layout, in accordance with Dassault Mandatory Service Bulletin 7X- 006...

77 FR 21426 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-10

... combination of fatigue and stress corrosion. This AD requires repetitive general visual inspections for broken... revealed that the crack initiated due to fatigue, and propagated by a combination of fatigue and stress... subsequent fracture were initiated by fatigue and propagated by a combination of fatigue and stress corrosion...

77 FR 49394 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-16

... wiring within an ACCB and repair if necessary; and would require rework and re-identification of the... necessary] and rectification [rework] of the wiring installation within each ACCB. You may obtain further... first: Do a general visual inspection for chafing, damage, and insulation damage, and rework the wiring...

77 FR 16486 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-21

... values of nuts on circuit breakers, contactors and terminal blocks of the EPC and battery relay panel... battery relay panel]. The required actions include doing a general visual inspection to determine if... and circuit breakers, contactors, and terminal blocks of the EPC and battery relay panel, as...

78 FR 72550 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-03

... (e.g., hot brakes or engine exhaust nozzle), consequently leading to a fuel-fed fire. DATES: This AD... brakes or engine exhaust nozzle), consequently leading to a fuel-fed fire. (f) Compliance Comply with... 3532, dated January 12, 2012. (1) Do either a general visual inspection or ultrasonic non- destructive...

75 FR 60667 - Airworthiness Directives; Learjet Inc. Model 45 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-01

.... This proposed AD would require a general visual inspection for damage of wiring (including chafing... result in a short circuit and the loss of systems associated with the wiring (including fire suppression..., which could result in the loss of systems associated with the wiring (including fire suppression...

77 FR 37775 - Airworthiness Directives; BAE Systems (Operations) Limited Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-25

... squib electrical connectors can be cross- connected. This AD requires a general visual inspection of... extinguishing agent being discharged into a wrong compartment and consequent damage to the airplane. DATES: This... bottles of certain BAe 146 and AVRO 146-RJ aeroplanes can be misassembled such that two squib electrical...

A Graphical Operator Interface for a Telerobotic Inspection System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, W. S.; Tso, K. S.; Hayati, S.

1993-01-01

Operator interface has recently emerged as an important element for efficient and safe operatorinteractions with the telerobotic system. Recent advances in graphical user interface (GUI) andgraphics/video merging technologies enable development of more efficient, flexible operatorinterfaces. This paper describes an advanced graphical operator interface newly developed for aremote surface inspection system at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The interface has been designed sothat remote surface inspection can be performed by a single operator with an integrated robot controland image inspection capability. It supports three inspection strategies of teleoperated human visual inspection, human visual inspection with automated scanning, and machine-vision-based automated inspection.

An operator interface design for a telerobotic inspection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Won S.; Tso, Kam S.; Hayati, Samad

1993-01-01

The operator interface has recently emerged as an important element for efficient and safe interactions between human operators and telerobotics. Advances in graphical user interface and graphics technologies enable us to produce very efficient operator interface designs. This paper describes an efficient graphical operator interface design newly developed for remote surface inspection at NASA-JPL. The interface, designed so that remote surface inspection can be performed by a single operator with an integrated robot control and image inspection capability, supports three inspection strategies of teleoperated human visual inspection, human visual inspection with automated scanning, and machine-vision-based automated inspection.

Visualization techniques for tongue analysis in traditional Chinese medicine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pham, Binh L.; Cai, Yang

2004-05-01

Visual inspection of the tongue has been an important diagnostic method of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Clinic data have shown significant connections between various viscera cancers and abnormalities in the tongue and the tongue coating. Visual inspection of the tongue is simple and inexpensive, but the current practice in TCM is mainly experience-based and the quality of the visual inspection varies between individuals. The computerized inspection method provides quantitative models to evaluate color, texture and surface features on the tongue. In this paper, we investigate visualization techniques and processes to allow interactive data analysis with the aim to merge computerized measurements with human expert's diagnostic variables based on five-scale diagnostic conditions: Healthy (H), History Cancers (HC), History of Polyps (HP), Polyps (P) and Colon Cancer (C).

Double-Shell Tank Visual Inspection Changes Resulting from the Tank 241-AY-102 Primary Tank Leak

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Girardot, Crystal L.; Washenfelder, Dennis J.; Johnson, Jeremy M.

2013-11-14

As part of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Integrity Program, remote visual inspections are utilized to perform qualitative in-service inspections of the DSTs in order to provide a general overview of the condition of the tanks. During routine visual inspections of tank 241-AY-102 (AY-102) in August 2012, anomalies were identified on the annulus floor which resulted in further evaluations. In October 2012, Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC determined that the primary tank of AY-102 was leaking. Following identification of the tank AY-102 probable leak cause, evaluations considered the adequacy of the existing annulus inspection frequency with respect to the circumstances ofmore » the tank AY-102 1eak and the advancing age of the DST structures. The evaluations concluded that the interval between annulus inspections should be shortened for all DSTs, and each annulus inspection should cover > 95 percent of annulus floor area, and the portion of the primary tank (i.e., dome, sidewall, lower knuckle, and insulating refractory) that is visible from the annulus inspection risers. In March 2013, enhanced visual inspections were performed for the six oldest tanks: 241-AY-101, 241-AZ-101,241-AZ-102, 241-SY-101, 241-SY-102, and 241-SY-103, and no evidence of leakage from the primary tank were observed. Prior to October 2012, the approach for conducting visual examinations of DSTs was to perform a video examination of each tank's interior and annulus regions approximately every five years (not to exceed seven years between inspections). Also, the annulus inspection only covered about 42 percent of the annulus floor.« less

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Ggg of... - Wastewater-Inspection and Monitoring Requirements for Waste Management Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... or monitoring Method TANKS: 63.1256(b)(3)(i) Inspect fixed roof and all openings for leaks Initially... openings for leaks Initially Semiannually Visual. 63.1256(c)(2) Inspect surface impoundment for control....1256(d)(1)(ii) Inspect cover and all openings for leaks Initially Semiannually Visual. 63.1256(d)(3)(i...

Development of an Image Colorimeter for Noncontact Skin Color Measurement and Application to the Dermatological Treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akimoto, Makio; Chen, Yu; Miyazaki, Michio; Yamashita, Toyonobu; Miyakawa, Michio; Hata, Mieko

The skin is unique as an organ that is highly accessible to direct visual inspection with light. Visual inspection of cutaneous morphology is the mainstay of clinical dermatology, but relies heavily on subjective assessment by the skilled dermatologists. We present an imaging colorimeter of non-contact skin color measuring system and some experimented results using such instrument. The system is comprised by a video camera, light source, a real-time image processing board, magneto optics disk and personal computer which controls the entire system. The CIE-L*a*b* uniform color space is used. This system is used for monitoring of some clinical diagnosis. The instrument is non-contact, easy to operate, and has a high precision unlike the conventional colorimeters. This instrument is useful for clinical diagnoses, monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.

Airborne ultrasonic inspection of hides and leather

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Currently, hides and leather are visually inspected and ranked for quality, sale price and usable area. Visual inspection is not reliable for detecting defects, which are usually hidden inside the material. This manual assessment is non-uniform among operators, and often leads to disputes over fai...

Industrial Inspection with Open Eyes: Advance with Machine Vision Technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Zheng; Ukida, H.; Niel, Kurt

Machine vision systems have evolved significantly with the technology advances to tackle the challenges from modern manufacturing industry. A wide range of industrial inspection applications for quality control are benefiting from visual information captured by different types of cameras variously configured in a machine vision system. This chapter screens the state of the art in machine vision technologies in the light of hardware, software tools, and major algorithm advances for industrial inspection. The inspection beyond visual spectrum offers a significant complementary to the visual inspection. The combination with multiple technologies makes it possible for the inspection to achieve a bettermore » performance and efficiency in varied applications. The diversity of the applications demonstrates the great potential of machine vision systems for industry.« less

Development of the Macro Command Editing Executive System for Factory Workers-Oriented Programless Visual Inspection System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anezaki, Takashi; Wakitani, Kouichi; Nakamura, Masatoshi; Kubo, Hiroyasu

Because visual inspection systems are difficult to tune, they create many problems for the kaizen process. This results in increased development costs and time to assure that the inspection systems function properly. In order to improve inspection system development, we designed an easy-tuning system called a “Program-less” visual inspection system. The ROI macro command which consisted of eight kinds of shape recognition macro commands and decision, operation, control commands was built. Furthermore, the macro command editing executive system was developed by the operation of only the GUI without editing source program. The validity of the ROI macro command was proved by the application of 488 places.

Development of a method of exposed characteristic points in activity pattern for rat behaviour classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stefko, Kamil; Bukowski, Tomasz; Urbański, Michał

2012-03-01

A fast method for visual inspection and classification of massive locomotor activity data registered from laboratory rats is presented. Positions in the home cage of one hundred rats have been constantly recorded during 90 day period using photodiodes and beam crossing method with use of custom build system. Direct inspection and comparison of classic form of actograms did not bring information for fast and easy recognition of anomalies in daily behavioural cycle. A method of obtaining fast and easy to compare locomotor activity pattern is presented. The key point of proposed method is exposition of characteristic points in the activity diagram. About 9000 actograms were inspected and classified for investigation with use of ANOVA.

78 FR 19093 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-29

... doing a general visual inspection of the housing assembly of the packboard release mechanism to determine if its surface treatment has been sealed, and if the surface of the housing assembly is unsealed, replacing the housing assembly with a new or serviceable housing assembly. We are issuing this AD to detect...

76 FR 10215 - Airworthiness Directives; Learjet Inc. Model 45 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-24

... above. This AD requires a general visual inspection for damage of wiring (including chafing, pinched... the pilot and copilot circuit breaker panels caused by a short circuit between chafed wiring and the... misrouted wires, which could result in a short circuit and the loss of systems associated with the wiring...

76 FR 1983 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model MD-11 and MD-11F Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-12

... assemblies of the tail tank fuel system, a wiring change, and corrective actions if necessary. This AD also requires, for certain airplanes, a general visual inspection for correct installation of the self-adhering high-temperature electrical insulation tape; installation of a wire assembly support bracket and...

75 FR 35624 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.27 Mark 500 and 600 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-23

... member. Investigation learned that there was no lockwiring present on the two lockbolts, which hold the... links to move into an overcentre position against the MLG sliding member. Investigation learned that... MLG units. For the reasons described above, this AD requires repetitive [general visual] inspections...

75 FR 36577 - Airworthiness Directives; McDonnell Douglas Corporation Model MD-90-30 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-28

... pump wire harness assembly is routed within the tire burst area and that installing and routing a new and longer auxiliary hydraulic pump wire harness assembly outside the tire burst area will minimize... general visual inspection of the wire harness protective sleeving dimensions, which are related...

Time-gated luminescence microscopy allowing direct visual inspection of lanthanide-stained microorganisms in background-free condition.

PubMed

Jin, Dayong; Piper, James A

2011-03-15

Application of standard immuno-fluorescence microscopy techniques for detection of rare-event microorganisms in dirty samples is severely limited by autofluorescence of nontarget organisms or other debris. Time-gated detection using gateable array detectors in combination with microsecond-lifetime luminescent bioprobes (usually lanthanide-based) is highly effective in suppression of (nanosecond-lifetime) autofluorescence background; however, the complexity and cost of the instrumentation is a major barrier to application of these techniques to routine diagnostics. We report a practical, low-cost implementation of time-gated luminescence detection in a standard epifluorescence microscope which has been modified to include a high-power pulsed UV light-emitting diode (LED) illumination source and a standard fast chopper inserted in the focal plane behind a microscope eyepiece. Synchronization of the pulsed illumination/gated detection cycle is driven from the clock signal from the chopper. To achieve time-gated luminescence intensities sufficient for direct visual observation, we use high cycle rates, up to 2.5 kHz, taking advantage of the fast switching capabilities of the LED source. We have demonstrated real-time direct-visual inspection of europium-labeled Giardia lamblia cysts in dirty samples and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in fruit juice concentrate. The signal-to-background ratio has been enhanced by a factor of 18 in time-gated mode. The availability of low-cost, robust time-gated microscopes will aid development of long-lifetime luminescence bioprobes and accelerate their application in routine laboratory diagnostics.

Techniques of Final Preseal Visual Inspection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anstead, R. J.

1975-01-01

A dissertation is given on the final preseal visual inspection of microcircuit devices to detect manufacturing defects and reduce failure rates in service. The processes employed in fabricating monolithic integrated circuits and hybrid microcircuits, various failure mechanisms resulting from deficiencies in those processes, and the rudiments of performing final inspection are outlined.

Predictors of default from follow-up care in a cervical cancer screening program using direct visual inspection in south-western Nigeria

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Increasingly evidence is emerging from south East Asia, southern and east Africa on the burden of default to follow up care after a positive cervical cancer screening/diagnosis, which impacts negatively on cervical cancer prevention and control. Unfortunately little or no information exists on the subject in the West Africa sub region. This study was designed to determine the proportion of and predictors and reasons for default from follow up care after positive cervical cancer screen. Method Women who screen positive at community cervical cancer screening using direct visual inspection were followed up to determine the proportion of default and associated factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of default. Results One hundred and eight (16.1%) women who screened positive to direct visual inspection out of 673 were enrolled into the study. Fifty one (47.2%) out of the 108 women that screened positive defaulted from follow-up appointment. Women who were poorly educated (OR: 3.1, CI: 2.0 – 5.2), or lived more than 10 km from the clinic (OR: 2.0, CI: 1.0 – 4.1), or never screened for cervical cancer before (OR: 3.5, CI:3:1–8.4) were more likely to default from follow-up after screening positive for precancerous lesion of cervix . The main reasons for default were cost of transportation (48.6%) and time constraints (25.7%). Conclusion The rate of default was high (47.2%) as a result of unaffordable transportation cost and limited time to keep the scheduled appointment. A change from the present strategy that involves multiple visits to a “see and treat” strategy in which both testing and treatment are performed at a single visit is recommended. PMID:24678898

An open-architecture approach to defect analysis software for mask inspection systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, Mark; Pai, Ravi R.; Reddy, Murali Mohan; Krishna, Ravi M.

2009-04-01

Industry data suggests that Mask Inspection represents the second biggest component of Mask Cost and Mask Turn Around Time (TAT). Ever decreasing defect size targets lead to more sensitive mask inspection across the chip, thus generating too many defects. Hence, more operator time is being spent in analyzing and disposition of defects. Also, the fact that multiple Mask Inspection Systems and Defect Analysis strategies would typically be in use in a Mask Shop or a Wafer Foundry further complicates the situation. In this scenario, there is a need for a versatile, user friendly and extensible Defect Analysis software that reduces operator analysis time and enables correct classification and disposition of mask defects by providing intuitive visual and analysis aids. We propose a new vendor-neutral defect analysis software, NxDAT, based on an open architecture. The open architecture of NxDAT makes it easily extensible to support defect analysis for mask inspection systems from different vendors. The capability to load results from mask inspection systems from different vendors either directly or through a common interface enables the functionality of establishing correlation between inspections carried out by mask inspection systems from different vendors. This capability of NxDAT enhances the effectiveness of defect analysis as it directly addresses the real-life scenario where multiple types of mask inspection systems from different vendors co-exist in mask shops or wafer foundries. The open architecture also potentially enables loading wafer inspection results as well as loading data from other related tools such as Review Tools, Repair Tools, CD-SEM tools etc, and correlating them with the corresponding mask inspection results. A unique concept of Plug-In interface to NxDAT further enhances the openness of the architecture of NxDAT by enabling end-users to add their own proprietary defect analysis and image processing algorithms. The plug-in interface makes it possible for the end-users to make use of their collected knowledge through the years of experience in mask inspection process by encapsulating the knowledge into software utilities and plugging them into NxDAT. The plug-in interface is designed with the intent of enabling the pro-active mask defect analysis teams to build competitive differentiation into their defect analysis process while protecting their knowledge internally within their company. By providing interface with all major standard layout and mask data formats, NxDAT enables correlation of defect data on reticles with design and mask databases, further extending the effectiveness of defect analysis for D2DB inspection. NxDAT also includes many other advanced features for easy and fast navigation, visual display of defects, defect selection, multi-tier classification, defect clustering and gridding, sophisticated CD and contact measurement analysis, repeatability analysis such as adder analysis, defect trend, capture rate etc.

Carbon nanotube-based labels for highly sensitive colorimetric and aggregation-based visual detection of nucleic acids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Ai Cheng; Ye, Jian-Shan; Ngin Tan, Swee; Poenar, Daniel P.; Sheu, Fwu-Shan; Kiat Heng, Chew; Meng Lim, Tit

2007-11-01

A novel carbon nanotube (CNT) derived label capable of dramatic signal amplification of nucleic acid detection and direct visual detection of target hybridization has been developed. Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) related oncogene sequences amplified by the novel CNT-based label was demonstrated. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images confirmed that a monolayer of horseradish peroxidase and detection probe molecules was immobilized along the carboxylated CNT carrier. The resulting CNT labels significantly enhanced the nucleic acid assay sensitivity by at least 1000 times compared to that of conventional labels used in enzyme-linked oligosorbent assay (ELOSA). An excellent detection limit of 1 × 10-12 M (60 × 10-18 mol in 60 µl) and a four-order wide dynamic range of target concentration were achieved. Hybridizations using these labels were coupled to a concentration-dependent formation of visible dark aggregates. Targets can thus be detected simply with visual inspection, eliminating the need for expensive and sophisticated detection systems. The approach holds promise for ultrasensitive and low cost visual inspection and colorimetric nucleic acid detection in point-of-care and early disease diagnostic application.

Bed Bug Detection: Current Technologies and Future Directions

PubMed Central

Vaidyanathan, Rajeev; Feldlaufer, Mark F.

2013-01-01

Technologies to detect bed bugs have not kept pace with their global resurgence. Early detection is critical to prevent infestations from spreading. Detection based exclusively on bites is inadequate, because reactions to insect bites are non-specific and often misdiagnosed. Visual inspections are commonly used and depend on identifying live bugs, exuviae, or fecal droplets. Visual inspections are inexpensive, but they are time-consuming and unreliable when only a few bugs are present. Use of a dog to detect bed bugs is gaining in popularity, but it can be expensive, may unintentionally advertise a bed bug problem, and is not foolproof. Passive monitors mimic natural harborages; they are discreet and typically use an adhesive to trap bugs. Active monitors generate carbon dioxide, heat, a pheromone, or a combination to attract bed bugs to a trap. New technologies using DNA analysis, mass spectrometry, and electronic noses are innovative but impractical and expensive for widespread use. PMID:23553226

78 FR 17082 - Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Turbojet Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-20

... flight. (5) If you find any broken bolt in the HPT shaft air seal sleeve, visually inspect the HPT stage... assembly, high pressure turbine (HPT) bearing support assembly and HPT air seal sleeve bolts identified... turbine (HPT) bearing support assembly, and HPT air seal sleeve within 100 engine cycles-in-service. (2...

76 FR 12624 - Airworthiness Directives; Dassault-Aviation Model FALCON 7X Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-08

... modifying the applicable wiring and layout, a general visual inspection for absence of marks of the rear... States. Pursuant to our bilateral agreement with the State of Design Authority, we have been notified of... likely to exist or develop on other products of the same type design. Differences Between This AD and the...

78 FR 26233 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... Replace fire seal (up to 4) 8 work-hours x $85 per hour = 8,010 8,690 $680. Authority for This Rulemaking... ``New Service Information'' section above: ``Labor cost'' increased to 28 work-hours (14 hours per.... Action Labor cost Parts cost product operators General visual inspection and 28 work-hours x $85 per $2...

77 FR 63285 - Airworthiness Directives; Brantly International, Inc. Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-16

..., 2012. ADDRESSES: You may send comments by any of the following methods: Federal eRulemaking Docket: Go...-101, 248-202, or 248- 404, visually inspecting the M/R blade for a crack, nick, wrinkle, or bend..., wrinkle, bend, added hole (such as a drilled hole to stop the spread of a crack), extra rivet, or...

Visual inspection reliability of transport aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spencer, Floyd W.

1996-11-01

The Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center has sponsored a visual inspection reliability program at its airworthiness assurance nondestructive inspection validation center (AANC). We report on the results of the benchmark phase of that program in which 12 inspectors were observed in two days of inspections on a Boeing 737 aircraft. All of the inspectors were currently employed with major airlines and all had experience inspecting the Boeing 737 aircraft. Each inspector spent 2 days at the AANC facility where they inspected to the same ten job cards. Each inspector was videotaped and all nonroutine repair actions were recorded for each inspector. Background information on each of the inspectors, including vision test results, was also gathered. The inspection results were correlated with the background variables. Aviation experience and a test time reflecting visual acuity were significantly correlated with performance factors. An analysis of the video tapes was performed to separate decision errors from search errors. Probability of detection curves were fit to the results of inspecting for cracks from beneath rivet heads in a task using prepared samples with known cracks.

Efficiency improvement by navigated safety inspection involving visual clutter based on the random search model.

PubMed

Sun, Xinlu; Chong, Heap-Yih; Liao, Pin-Chao

2018-06-25

Navigated inspection seeks to improve hazard identification (HI) accuracy. With tight inspection schedule, HI also requires efficiency. However, lacking quantification of HI efficiency, navigated inspection strategies cannot be comprehensively assessed. This work aims to determine inspection efficiency in navigated safety inspection, controlling for the HI accuracy. Based on a cognitive method of the random search model (RSM), an experiment was conducted to observe the HI efficiency in navigation, for a variety of visual clutter (VC) scenarios, while using eye-tracking devices to record the search process and analyze the search performance. The results show that the RSM is an appropriate instrument, and VC serves as a hazard classifier for navigation inspection in improving inspection efficiency. This suggests a new and effective solution for addressing the low accuracy and efficiency of manual inspection through navigated inspection involving VC and the RSM. It also provides insights into the inspectors' safety inspection ability.

Lighting Studies for Fuelling Machine Deployed Visual Inspection Tool

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stoots, Carl; Griffith, George

2015-04-01

Under subcontract to James Fisher Nuclear, Ltd., INL has been reviewing advanced vision systems for inspection of graphite in high radiation, high temperature, and high pressure environments. INL has performed calculations and proof-of-principle measurements of optics and lighting techniques to be considered for visual inspection of graphite fuel channels in AGR reactors in UK.

Reliability of Visual Inspection for Highway Bridges, Volume I : Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-06-01

This technical summary announces the findings of an investigation by the Federal Highway Administrations Nondestructive Evaluation Validation Center (NDEVC) concerning the reliability of Visual Inspection for highway bridges. Details and results a...

Visual and x-ray inspection characteristics of eutectic and lead free assemblies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ghaffarian, R.

2003-01-01

For high reliability applications, visual inspection has been the key technique for most conventional electronic package assemblies. Now, the use of x-ray technique has become an additional inspection requirement for quality control and detection of unique defects due to manufacturing of advanced electronic array packages such as ball grid array (BGAs) and chip scale packages (CSPs).

Zero-tolerance for faecal contamination of carcasses as a tool in the control of O157 VTEC infections.

PubMed

Heuvelink, A E; Roessink, G L; Bosboom, K; de Boer, E

2001-05-21

The Dutch government, the meat producers organisation and the meat industry have recognised O157 VTEC as an important public health hazard, and agreed on the necessity to improve the hygiene in Dutch cattle- and calf-slaughtering establishments. This paper reports activities within a national action programme to achieve this objective, "Zero-tolerance for faecal contamination during slaughter of cattle and calves". The study included inspection of hygienic performances in slaughterhouses, and visual and microbiological (aerobic plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts and O157 VTEC presence/absence on visually clean cattle and calf carcasses) assessment of carcass cleanliness. Initial studies concluded that the hygienic performances in the Dutch cattle and calf slaughterhouses should be immediately improved. In 52% of the slaughterhouses inspected, carcasses were observed to be contaminated with hide, hair or faeces. Around 45% of the slaughterhouses had constructural deficiencies likely to lead to structural cross-contamination of carcasses, by direct carcass-carcass contact, or by indirect contacts with floors, walls or steps. In 39% of the slaughterhouses, cleaning and disinfection procedures were inadequate. Visual inspection of chilled carcasses found that in 11 of the 27 slaughterhouses visited, more than 10% of the carcasses were visibly contaminated. In 6 of the 27 slaughterhouses visited, more than 50% of the carcasses inspected were visibly contaminated. Microbiological analysis of visually clean carcasses noted contamination levels similar to those reported from other countries. O157 VTEC were not isolated during this study. Circulation of these findings lead to increased efforts by all parties to fulfil the requirements of the statutory "Zero-tolerance" programme. A follow-up study noted a significant decrease in the proportions of faecally contaminated carcasses, i.e., 7% of chilled carcasses were visibly contaminated with faeces, as opposed to 22% contamination during the initial study. The follow-up study also noted a greater awareness of the importance of good hygienic practices among slaughterhouse personnel and government meat inspectors.

Image mosaicing for automated pipe scanning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Summan, Rahul; Dobie, Gordon; Guarato, Francesco; MacLeod, Charles; Marshall, Stephen; Forrester, Cailean; Pierce, Gareth; Bolton, Gary

2015-03-01

Remote visual inspection (RVI) is critical for the inspection of the interior condition of pipelines particularly in the nuclear and oil and gas industries. Conventional RVI equipment produces a video which is analysed online by a trained inspector employing expert knowledge. Due to the potentially disorientating nature of the footage, this is a time intensive and difficult activity. In this paper a new probe for such visual inspections is presented. The device employs a catadioptric lens coupled with feature based structure from motion to create a 3D model of the interior surface of a pipeline. Reliance upon the availability of image features is mitigated through orientation and distance estimates from an inertial measurement unit and encoder respectively. Such a model affords a global view of the data thus permitting a greater appreciation of the nature and extent of defects. Furthermore, the technique estimates the 3D position and orientation of the probe thus providing information to direct remedial action. Results are presented for both synthetic and real pipe sections. The former enables the accuracy of the generated model to be assessed while the latter demonstrates the efficacy of the technique in a practice.

Image mosaicing for automated pipe scanning

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Summan, Rahul, E-mail: rahul.summan@strath.ac.uk; Dobie, Gordon, E-mail: rahul.summan@strath.ac.uk; Guarato, Francesco, E-mail: rahul.summan@strath.ac.uk

Remote visual inspection (RVI) is critical for the inspection of the interior condition of pipelines particularly in the nuclear and oil and gas industries. Conventional RVI equipment produces a video which is analysed online by a trained inspector employing expert knowledge. Due to the potentially disorientating nature of the footage, this is a time intensive and difficult activity. In this paper a new probe for such visual inspections is presented. The device employs a catadioptric lens coupled with feature based structure from motion to create a 3D model of the interior surface of a pipeline. Reliance upon the availability ofmore » image features is mitigated through orientation and distance estimates from an inertial measurement unit and encoder respectively. Such a model affords a global view of the data thus permitting a greater appreciation of the nature and extent of defects. Furthermore, the technique estimates the 3D position and orientation of the probe thus providing information to direct remedial action. Results are presented for both synthetic and real pipe sections. The former enables the accuracy of the generated model to be assessed while the latter demonstrates the efficacy of the technique in a practice.« less

76 FR 14054 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, White...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

.... Visual inspection by Colorado State University, Laboratory of Public Archaeology, of the skeletal... Ute tribes. Also, the burial was located directly underneath a rock art panel that is consistent with the Early Ute Historic Style of rock art found in the region. Site 5RB699 dated Fremont and Ute...

Practical Formal Verification of MPI and Thread Programs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh; Kirby, Robert M.

Large-scale simulation codes in science and engineering are written using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). Shared memory threads are widely used directly, or to implement higher level programming abstractions. Traditional debugging methods for MPI or thread programs are incapable of providing useful formal guarantees about coverage. They get bogged down in the sheer number of interleavings (schedules), often missing shallow bugs. In this tutorial we will introduce two practical formal verification tools: ISP (for MPI C programs) and Inspect (for Pthread C programs). Unlike other formal verification tools, ISP and Inspect run directly on user source codes (much like a debugger). They pursue only the relevant set of process interleavings, using our own customized Dynamic Partial Order Reduction algorithms. For a given test harness, DPOR allows these tools to guarantee the absence of deadlocks, instrumented MPI object leaks and communication races (using ISP), and shared memory races (using Inspect). ISP and Inspect have been used to verify large pieces of code: in excess of 10,000 lines of MPI/C for ISP in under 5 seconds, and about 5,000 lines of Pthread/C code in a few hours (and much faster with the use of a cluster or by exploiting special cases such as symmetry) for Inspect. We will also demonstrate the Microsoft Visual Studio and Eclipse Parallel Tools Platform integrations of ISP (these will be available on the LiveCD).

Chylothorax diagnosis: can the clinical chemistry laboratory do more?

PubMed

Gibbons, Stephen M; Ahmed, Farhan

2015-01-01

Chylothorax is a rare anatomical disruption of the thoracic duct associated with a significant degree of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis usually relies upon lipid analysis and visual inspection of the pleural fluid. However, this may be subject to incorrect interpretation. The aim of this study was to compare pleural fluid lipid analysis and visual inspection against lipoprotein electrophoresis. Nine pleural effusion samples suspected of being chylothorax were analysed. A combination of fluid lipid analysis and visual inspection was compared with lipoprotein electrophoresis for the detection of chylothorax. There was 89% concordance between the two methods. Using lipoprotein electrophoresis as gold standard, calculated sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value for lipid analysis/visual inspection were 83%, 100%, 100% and 75%, respectively. Examination of pleural effusion samples by lipoprotein electrophoresis may provide important additional information in the diagnosis of chylothorax. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Machine vision systems using machine learning for industrial product inspection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Yi; Chen, Tie Q.; Chen, Jie; Zhang, Jian; Tisler, Anthony

2002-02-01

Machine vision inspection requires efficient processing time and accurate results. In this paper, we present a machine vision inspection architecture, SMV (Smart Machine Vision). SMV decomposes a machine vision inspection problem into two stages, Learning Inspection Features (LIF), and On-Line Inspection (OLI). The LIF is designed to learn visual inspection features from design data and/or from inspection products. During the OLI stage, the inspection system uses the knowledge learnt by the LIF component to inspect the visual features of products. In this paper we will present two machine vision inspection systems developed under the SMV architecture for two different types of products, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and Vacuum Florescent Displaying (VFD) boards. In the VFD board inspection system, the LIF component learns inspection features from a VFD board and its displaying patterns. In the PCB board inspection system, the LIF learns the inspection features from the CAD file of a PCB board. In both systems, the LIF component also incorporates interactive learning to make the inspection system more powerful and efficient. The VFD system has been deployed successfully in three different manufacturing companies and the PCB inspection system is the process of being deployed in a manufacturing plant.

Visual inspection & capacity assessment of earthquake damaged reinforced concrete bridge elements.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-11-01

The overarching objective of this project was to produce standard procedures and associated training materials, for the conduct of post-earthquake visual inspection and capacity assessment of damaged reinforced concrete (RC) bridges where the procedu...

15 CFR 716.4 - Scope and conduct of inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... of whether the Inspection Team's request to inspect any area, building, item or record is reasonable... Inspection Team: (i) Will receive a pre-inspection briefing from facility representatives; (ii) Will visually..., he or she is consenting to provide access to the Inspection Team and Host Team to any area of the...

15 CFR 716.4 - Scope and conduct of inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... of whether the Inspection Team's request to inspect any area, building, item or record is reasonable... Inspection Team: (i) Will receive a pre-inspection briefing from facility representatives; (ii) Will visually..., he or she is consenting to provide access to the Inspection Team and Host Team to any area of the...

15 CFR 716.4 - Scope and conduct of inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of whether the Inspection Team's request to inspect any area, building, item or record is reasonable... Inspection Team: (i) Will receive a pre-inspection briefing from facility representatives; (ii) Will visually..., he or she is consenting to provide access to the Inspection Team and Host Team to any area of the...

15 CFR 716.4 - Scope and conduct of inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... of whether the Inspection Team's request to inspect any area, building, item or record is reasonable... Inspection Team: (i) Will receive a pre-inspection briefing from facility representatives; (ii) Will visually..., he or she is consenting to provide access to the Inspection Team and Host Team to any area of the...

29 CFR 1926.1413 - Wire rope-inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Wire rope-inspection. 1926.1413 Section 1926.1413 Labor... Wire rope—inspection. (a) Shift inspection. (1) A competent person must begin a visual inspection prior... inspection must consist of observation of wire ropes (running and standing) that are likely to be in use...

Training for cervical cancer prevention programs in low-resource settings: focus on visual inspection with acetic acid and cryotherapy.

PubMed

Blumenthal, P D; Lauterbach, M; Sellors, J W; Sankaranarayanan, R

2005-05-01

The modern approach to cervical cancer prevention, characterized by use of cytology and multiple visits for diagnosis and treatment, has frequently proven challenging and unworkable in low-resource settings. Because of this, the Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention (ACCP) has made it a priority to investigate and assess alternative approaches, particularly the use of visual screening methods, such as visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI), for precancer and cancer detection and the use of cryotherapy as a precancer treatment method. As a result of ACCP experience in providing training to nurses and doctors in these techniques, it is now widely agreed that training should be competency based, combining both didactic and hands-on approaches, and should be done in a clinical setting that resembles the service-delivery conditions at the program site. This article reviews ACCP experiences and perceptions about the essentials of training in visual inspection and cryotherapy and presents some lessons learned with regard to training in these techniques in low-resource settings.

78 FR 69595 - Airworthiness Directives; AgustaWestland S.p.A. (Type Certificate Formerly Held by Agusta S.p.A...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-20

... require recurring visual inspections of the tail rotor (T/R) blade retaining bolts (bolts) for a crack, corrosion, damage, or missing cadmium plating in the central part of the bolt. If a crack is not detected by.... Replacing a cracked or damaged bolt would be required before further flight. This proposed AD is prompted by...

76 FR 12619 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company 737-200, -200C, -300, -400, and -500 Series Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-08

..., Attention: Data & Services Management, P.O. Box 3707, MC 2H-65, Seattle, Washington 98124-2207; telephone... paragraph. Note 1: For the purposes of this AD, a detailed inspection is defined as: ``An intensive visual... below the chem-milled step. If an external doubler covers the chem-milled step, but does not span it by...

75 FR 71351 - Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney PW4000 Series Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-23

... products listed above. This AD requires a one-time visual inspection of the No. 3 bearing oil pressure tube, part number (P/N) 51J041-01, P/N 50J604-01, or P/N 50J924-01. Tubes that are found cracked or repaired must be removed from service. This AD also prohibits repaired tubes from being installed. This AD...

Turbine Blade Illusion

PubMed Central

Lee, Rob

2017-01-01

In January 2017, a large wind turbine blade was installed temporarily in a city square as a public artwork. At first sight, media photographs of the installation appeared to be fakes – the blade looks like it could not really be part of the scene. Close inspection of the object shows that its paradoxical visual appearance can be attributed to unconscious assumptions about object shape and light source direction. PMID:28596821

Integrated light maintenance and inspection system for high-mast poles.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

Virginia highway high-mast light poles must be inspected periodically for structural defects to prevent failures. The visual inspection methods currently used include use of binoculars and telescopes and up-close inspection with bucket trucks. These ...

Risk based meat hygiene--examples on food chain information and visual meat inspection.

PubMed

Ellerbroek, Lüppo

2007-08-01

The Regulation (EC) No. 854/2004 refers in particularly to a broad spectrum of official supervision of products of animal origin. The supervision should be based on the most current relevant information which is available. The proposal presented includes forms for implementation of Food Chain Information (FCI) as laid down in the Regulation (EC) No. 853/2004 as well as suggestions for the implementation of the visual inspection and criteria for a practical approach to assist the competent authority and the business operator. These suggestions are summarised in two forms including the FCI and practical information from the farm of origin as well as from the slaughterhouse needed for the competent authority to permit the visual meat inspection of fattening pigs. The requested information from the farm level include i.e. an animal loss rate during the fattening period and diagnostic findings of carcasses and respectively on organs of the animals during meat inspection procedure. The evaluation of findings in liver and pleura at the slaughterhouse level indicate a correlation to the general health status of the fattening conditions at farm level. The criteria developed are in principle suited for a "gold standard" of the health status of fattening pigs and the criteria may serve as practical implementation of the term Good Farming Practice in relation to consumer protection. Only for fattening pigs deriving from farms fulfilling this "gold standard" the visual meat inspection shall be permitted. It is proposed to integrate the two forms for FCI and additional information for authorisation of visual meat inspection for fattening pigs in the working document of the DG SANCO titled "Commission regulation of laying down specific rules on official controls for the inspection of meat" (SANCO/2696/2006).

Automated surface quality inspection with ARGOS: a case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiefhaber, Daniel; Etzold, Fabian; Warken, Arno F.; Asfour, Jean-Michel

2017-06-01

The commercial availability of automated inspection systems for optical surfaces specified according to ISO 10110-7 promises unsupervised and automated quality control with reproducible results. In this study, the classification results of the ARGOS inspection system are compared to the decisions by well-trained inspectors based on manual-visual inspection. Both are found to agree in 93.6% of the studied cases. Exemplary cases with differing results are studied, and shown to be partly caused by shortcomings of the ISO 10110-7 standard, which was written for the industry standard manual-visual inspection. Applying it to high resolution images of the whole surface of objective machine vision systems brings with it a few challenges which are discussed.

33 CFR 137.65 - Visual inspections of the facility, the real property on which the facility is located, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... rights-of-way, or other vantage point (e.g., aerial photography), including a visual inspection of areas... the facility is located from the nearest accessible vantage point, such as the property line or public...

Evaluation of hides and leather using ultrasonic technology

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Hides are visually inspected and ranked for quality and sale price. Because visual inspection is not reliable for detecting defects when hair is present, hides cannot be effectively sorted at the earliest stage of processing. Furthermore, this subjective assessment is non-uniform among operators, ...

Effects of thickness and gain on the amplitude of airborne ultrasonics

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Currently, hides and leather are visually inspected and ranked for quality, usable area, and sale price. However, visual inspection is not reliable for detecting defects, which are usually hidden inside the material. Development of a non-contact nondestructive method to accurately evaluate the qua...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Winston, Philip Lon

Prior to performing an internal visual inspection, samples of the headspace gas of the GNS Castor V/21 cask were taken on June 12, 2014. These samples were taken in support of the CREIPI/Japanese nuclear industry effort to validate fuel integrity without visual inspection by measuring the 85Kr content of the cask headspace

Prototype crawling robotics system for remote visual inspection of high-mast light poles.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

This report presents the results of a project to develop a crawling robotics system for the remote visual inspection of high-mast light poles in Virginia. The first priority of this study was to develop a simple robotics application that would reduce...

30 CFR 250.516 - Blowout preventer system tests, inspections, and maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... inspection, whichever is longer. (2) You must visually inspect your BOP system and marine riser at least once.... The District Manager may approve alternate methods and frequencies to inspect a marine riser. (h) BOP... drills, and inspections of the BOP system, system components, and marine riser in the driller's report...

Nondestructive evaluation of incipient decay in hardwood logs

Treesearch

Xiping Wang; Jan Wiedenbeck; Robert J. Ross; John W. Forsman; John R. Erickson; Crystal Pilon; Brian K. Brashaw

2005-01-01

Decay can cause significant damage to high-value hardwood timber. New nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies are urgently needed to effectively detect incipient decay in hardwood timber at the earliest possible stage. Currently, the primary means of inspecting timber relies on visual assessment criteria. When visual inspections are used exclusively, they provide...

24 CFR 203.377 - Inspection and preservation of properties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Inspection and preservation of properties. The mortgagee, upon learning that a property subject to a mortgage... within that period have been unsuccessful, the mortgagee shall be responsible for a visual inspection of...

Discussion on the 3D visualizing of 1:200 000 geological map

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiaopeng

2018-01-01

Using United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) terrain data as digital elevation model (DEM), overlap scanned 1:200 000 scale geological map, program using Direct 3D of Microsoft with C# computer language, the author realized the three-dimensional visualization of the standard division geological map. User can inspect the regional geology content with arbitrary angle, rotating, roaming, and can examining the strata synthetical histogram, map section and legend at any moment. This will provide an intuitionistic analyzing tool for the geological practitioner to do structural analysis with the assistant of landform, dispose field exploration route etc.

A comparison of visual and quantitative methods to identify interstitial lung abnormalities.

PubMed

Kliment, Corrine R; Araki, Tetsuro; Doyle, Tracy J; Gao, Wei; Dupuis, Josée; Latourelle, Jeanne C; Zazueta, Oscar E; Fernandez, Isis E; Nishino, Mizuki; Okajima, Yuka; Ross, James C; Estépar, Raúl San José; Diaz, Alejandro A; Lederer, David J; Schwartz, David A; Silverman, Edwin K; Rosas, Ivan O; Washko, George R; O'Connor, George T; Hatabu, Hiroto; Hunninghake, Gary M

2015-10-29

Evidence suggests that individuals with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) on a chest computed tomogram (CT) may have an increased risk to develop a clinically significant interstitial lung disease (ILD). Although methods used to identify individuals with ILA on chest CT have included both automated quantitative and qualitative visual inspection methods, there has been not direct comparison between these two methods. To investigate this relationship, we created lung density metrics and compared these to visual assessments of ILA. To provide a comparison between ILA detection methods based on visual assessment we generated measures of high attenuation areas (HAAs, defined by attenuation values between -600 and -250 Hounsfield Units) in >4500 participants from both the COPDGene and Framingham Heart studies (FHS). Linear and logistic regressions were used for analyses. Increased measures of HAAs (in ≥ 10 % of the lung) were significantly associated with ILA defined by visual inspection in both cohorts (P < 0.0001); however, the positive predictive values were not very high (19 % in COPDGene and 13 % in the FHS). In COPDGene, the association between HAAs and ILA defined by visual assessment were modified by the percentage of emphysema and body mass index. Although increased HAAs were associated with reductions in total lung capacity in both cohorts, there was no evidence for an association between measurement of HAAs and MUC5B promoter genotype in the FHS. Our findings demonstrate that increased measures of lung density may be helpful in determining the severity of lung volume reduction, but alone, are not strongly predictive of ILA defined by visual assessment. Moreover, HAAs were not associated with MUC5B promoter genotype.

National Dam Safety Program. Pedlar River Dam (Inventory Number VA 00905), James River Basin, Amherst County, Virginia. Phase I Inspection Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

Controlling Office) I5. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report) Unclassified 15a. DECL ASSI FICATION/DOWN GRADING SCHEDULE 16 . DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this...pose hazards to human life or property . The assessment of the general conditions of the dam is based upon available data and visual inspections...human life or property . The assessment of the general condition of the dam is based upon available data and visual inspections. Detailed in- vestigation

Bionic Vision-Based Intelligent Power Line Inspection System

PubMed Central

Ma, Yunpeng; He, Feijia; Xu, Jinxin

2017-01-01

Detecting the threats of the external obstacles to the power lines can ensure the stability of the power system. Inspired by the attention mechanism and binocular vision of human visual system, an intelligent power line inspection system is presented in this paper. Human visual attention mechanism in this intelligent inspection system is used to detect and track power lines in image sequences according to the shape information of power lines, and the binocular visual model is used to calculate the 3D coordinate information of obstacles and power lines. In order to improve the real time and accuracy of the system, we propose a new matching strategy based on the traditional SURF algorithm. The experimental results show that the system is able to accurately locate the position of the obstacles around power lines automatically, and the designed power line inspection system is effective in complex backgrounds, and there are no missing detection instances under different conditions. PMID:28203269

Expert Knowledge-Based Automatic Sleep Stage Determination by Multi-Valued Decision Making Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Bei; Sugi, Takenao; Kawana, Fusae; Wang, Xingyu; Nakamura, Masatoshi

In this study, an expert knowledge-based automatic sleep stage determination system working on a multi-valued decision making method is developed. Visual inspection by a qualified clinician is adopted to obtain the expert knowledge database. The expert knowledge database consists of probability density functions of parameters for various sleep stages. Sleep stages are determined automatically according to the conditional probability. Totally, four subjects were participated. The automatic sleep stage determination results showed close agreements with the visual inspection on sleep stages of awake, REM (rapid eye movement), light sleep and deep sleep. The constructed expert knowledge database reflects the distributions of characteristic parameters which can be adaptive to variable sleep data in hospitals. The developed automatic determination technique based on expert knowledge of visual inspection can be an assistant tool enabling further inspection of sleep disorder cases for clinical practice.

Automatically Inspecting Thin Ceramics For Pinholes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Honaker, James R.

1988-01-01

Proposed apparatus for inspecting prefired ceramic materials detects minute flaws that might escape ordinary visual inspections. Method detects flaws and marks locations. Intended for such thin ceramic parts as insulation in capacitors and some radio-frequency filters.

New insights into ambient and focal visual fixations using an automatic classification algorithm

PubMed Central

Follet, Brice; Le Meur, Olivier; Baccino, Thierry

2011-01-01

Overt visual attention is the act of directing the eyes toward a given area. These eye movements are characterised by saccades and fixations. A debate currently surrounds the role of visual fixations. Do they all have the same role in the free viewing of natural scenes? Recent studies suggest that at least two types of visual fixations exist: focal and ambient. The former is believed to be used to inspect local areas accurately, whereas the latter is used to obtain the context of the scene. We investigated the use of an automated system to cluster visual fixations in two groups using four types of natural scene images. We found new evidence to support a focal–ambient dichotomy. Our data indicate that the determining factor is the saccade amplitude. The dependence on the low-level visual features and the time course of these two kinds of visual fixations were examined. Our results demonstrate that there is an interplay between both fixation populations and that focal fixations are more dependent on low-level visual features than are ambient fixations. PMID:23145248

Aging and feature search: the effect of search area.

PubMed

Burton-Danner, K; Owsley, C; Jackson, G R

2001-01-01

The preattentive system involves the rapid parallel processing of visual information in the visual scene so that attention can be directed to meaningful objects and locations in the environment. This study used the feature search methodology to examine whether there are aging-related deficits in parallel-processing capabilities when older adults are required to visually search a large area of the visual field. Like young subjects, older subjects displayed flat, near-zero slopes for the Reaction Time x Set Size function when searching over a broad area (30 degrees radius) of the visual field, implying parallel processing of the visual display. These same older subjects exhibited impairment in another task, also dependent on parallel processing, performed over the same broad field area; this task, called the useful field of view test, has more complex task demands. Results imply that aging-related breakdowns of parallel processing over a large visual field area are not likely to emerge when required responses are simple, there is only one task to perform, and there is no limitation on visual inspection time.

40 CFR 63.163 - Standards: Pumps in light liquid service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... handling polymerizing monomers; (B) 2,000 parts per million or greater for pumps in food/medical service... visual inspection each calendar week for indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal. If there are... pump is checked by visual inspection each calendar week for indications of liquids dripping from the...

Evaluation of dental explorer and visual inspection for the detection of residual caries among Greek dentists

PubMed Central

Ntovas, Panagiotis; Loubrinis, Nikolaos; Maniatakos, Panagiotis; Rahiotis, Christos

2018-01-01

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the operator's degree of clinical experience on the residual caries diagnosis through visual inspection and tactile sensation. Materials and Methods: The participants were asked about the years of their clinical practice, any further training concerning cariology, their familiarity with the minimal invasive philosophy, and the techniques that they use to remove dental caries and detect when to stop the removal of carious tissues. In addition, an in vitro diagnostic test was conducted. Carious teeth were excavated to a level selected in random. Teeth were examined by each participant individually. Initial examination was performed by visual inspection. Subsequently, a dental explorer was used concerning the potential need for further removal of dental tissues. A sample of 380 dentists and dental school students were selected for the purposes of this study. Results: Dental students presented statistically significant better sensitivity, than dentists from both age groups, during both visual inspection and tactile sensation of residual caries. Participants' ability to diagnose residual caries during cavity preparation was independent of their years of experience. Conclusions: During the removal of carious lesions, with the goal of limiting the sacrifice of healthy structures and the leftover of residual caries, clinicians should combine a selective removal technique and the attentive visual inspection, with at least one further diagnostic method, aside from the dental explorer. Tactile examination of residual caries solely with the dental explorer must be used with attention. PMID:29899636

Development of standardized inspections in restaurants using visual assessments and microbiological sampling to quantify the risks.

PubMed Central

Tebbutt, G. M.

1991-01-01

The relationship between visual inspections carried out by environmental health officers and microbiological examination was studied in 89 restaurants. Using 30 variables a standardized inspection procedure was developed and each of the premises was assessed in six main areas-structure and design, cleaning and cleanliness, personal hygiene, risk of contamination, temperature control, and training and knowledge about food hygiene. Selected foods and specimens from hands, surfaces, and wiping cloths were examined. There were significant associations between all six areas of the inspections. The structure and design were significantly related to the combined score from all the other areas (P less than 0.001). There were no highly significant associations between microbiological examination and visual assessments. The microbial contamination of wiping cloths, however, was related to the cleaning and cleanliness (P = 0.005). Microbial sampling provided additional information to inspections and was a valuable aid. Further development of this risk-assessment approach could provide an effective system for monitoring potential health risks in high-risk food premises. PMID:1936161

An intelligent system for real time automatic defect inspection on specular coated surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jinhua; Parker, Johné M.; Hou, Zhen

2005-07-01

Product visual inspection is still performed manually or semi automatically in most industries from simple ceramic tile grading to complex automotive body panel paint defect and surface quality inspection. Moreover, specular surfaces present additional challenge to conventional vision systems due to specular reflections, which may mask the true location of objects and lead to incorrect measurements. There are some sophisticated visual inspection methods developed in recent years. Unfortunately, most of them are highly computational. Systems built on those methods are either inapplicable or very costly to achieve real time inspection. In this paper, we describe an integrated low-cost intelligent system developed to automatically capture, extract, and segment defects on specular surfaces with uniform color coatings. The system inspects and locates regular surface defects with lateral dimensions as small as a millimeter. The proposed system is implemented on a group of smart cameras using its on-board processing ability to achieve real time inspection. The experimental results on real test panels demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of proposed system.

Waterway Equipment - Boat, Barge, Motor

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-25

identification and condition (new or used). b. Pretest cleaning performed, if any. c. Species of fungus grown and inoculated on the cotton control... Pretest functional check results. c. Pretest visual inspection results. d. Posttest visual inspection results. e. Repairs or maintenance...information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for information on

26 CFR 48.4082-3 - Diesel fuel and kerosene; visual inspection devices. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Diesel fuel and kerosene; visual inspection devices. [Reserved] 48.4082-3 Section 48.4082-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Vehicles, Tires, Tubes, Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Taxable Fuel § 48.4082-3 Diesel fuel and kerosene...

26 CFR 48.4082-3 - Diesel fuel and kerosene; visual inspection devices. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Diesel fuel and kerosene; visual inspection devices. [Reserved] 48.4082-3 Section 48.4082-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Vehicles, Tires, Tubes, Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Taxable Fuel § 48.4082-3 Diesel fuel and kerosene...

26 CFR 48.4082-3 - Diesel fuel and kerosene; visual inspection devices. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Diesel fuel and kerosene; visual inspection devices. [Reserved] 48.4082-3 Section 48.4082-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Vehicles, Tires, Tubes, Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Taxable Fuel § 48.4082-3 Diesel fuel and kerosene...

26 CFR 48.4082-3 - Diesel fuel and kerosene; visual inspection devices. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Diesel fuel and kerosene; visual inspection devices. [Reserved] 48.4082-3 Section 48.4082-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Vehicles, Tires, Tubes, Tread Rubber, and Taxable Fuel Taxable Fuel § 48.4082-3 Diesel fuel and kerosene...

Single-Case Design and Evaluation in R: An Introduction and Tutorial for School Psychologists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGill, Ryan J.

2017-01-01

For the appraisal of single-case intervention data, school psychologists have been encouraged to focus most, if not all, of their interpretive weight on the visual inspection of graphed data. However, existing software programs provide practitioners with limited features for systematic visual inspection. R (R Development Core Team, 2014) is a…

A Novel Web-Based Approach for Visualization and Inspection of Reading Difficulties on University Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mejia, Carolina; Florian, Beatriz; Vatrapu, Ravi; Bull, Susan; Gomez, Sergio; Fabregat, Ramon

2017-01-01

Existing tools aim to detect university students with early diagnosis of dyslexia or reading difficulties, but there are not developed tools that let those students better understand some aspects of their difficulties. In this paper, a dashboard for visualizing and inspecting early detected reading difficulties and their characteristics, called…

9 CFR 327.6 - Products for importation; program inspection, time and place; application for approval of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGENCY ORGANIZATION AND TERMINOLOGY... into the United States. (2) Every lot of product shall routinely be given visual inspection by a... Food Safety and Inspection Service. The listing will categorize the kind or kinds of product 2 which...

30 CFR 250.517 - Blowout preventer system tests, inspections, and maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... on a daily basis. You must visually inspect your subsea BOP system and marine riser at least once... equipment. The BSEE District Manager may approve alternate methods and frequencies to inspect a marine riser..., actuations, crew drills, and inspections of the BOP system, system components, and marine riser in the...

30 CFR 250.517 - Blowout preventer system tests, inspections, and maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... on a daily basis. You must visually inspect your subsea BOP system and marine riser at least once... equipment. The BSEE District Manager may approve alternate methods and frequencies to inspect a marine riser..., actuations, crew drills, and inspections of the BOP system, system components, and marine riser in the...

241-AZ Farm Annulus Extent of Condition Baseline Inspection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Engeman, Jason K.; Girardot, Crystal L.; Vazquez, Brandon J.

2013-05-15

This report provides the results of the comprehensive annulus visual inspection for tanks 241- AZ-101 and 241-AZ-102 performed in fiscal year 2013. The inspection established a baseline covering about 95 percent of the annulus floor for comparison with future inspections. Any changes in the condition are also included in this document.

40 CFR 63.695 - Inspection and monitoring requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... least once every calendar year after initial fill, and (B) Visually inspect the internal floating roof...) each time the tank is emptied and degassed and at least every 10 years. Prior to each inspection, the... emptied and degassed and at least every 5 years. Prior to each inspection, the owner or operator shall...

Self-diagnosis of active head lice infestation by individuals from an impoverished community: high sensitivity and specificity.

PubMed

Pilger, Daniel; Khakban, Adak; Heukelbach, Jorg; Feldmeier, Hermann

2008-01-01

To compare sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of self-diagnosis for head lice infestation with visual inspection, we conducted a study in an urban slum in Brazil. Individuals were asked about active head lice infestation (self-diagnosis); we performed visual inspection and thereafter wet combing (gold standard). Of the 175 individuals included, 77 (44%) had an active head lice infestation. For self-diagnosis, sensitivity (80.5%), specificity (91.8%), PPV (88.6%) and NPV (85.7%) were high. Sensitivity of visual inspection was 35.1%. Public health professionals can use self-diagnosis as a diagnostic tool, to estimate accurately prevalence of pediculosis in a community, and to monitor ongoing intervention strategies.

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Lower Reservoir Dam (NH 00048), NHWRB Number 108.05, Connecticut River Basin, Hanover, New Hampshire. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-11-01

reservoirs, Upper Reservoir and Reservoir No. 3. The reservoir supplies to the water destribution system by gravity. h. Design and Construction History. o...continual supply to the water , destribution system as the main service area is fed by gravity. The waste pipe is usually closed. The flashboards on...however, no design calculations or b construction data were revealed.. The visual inspection revealed that the dam is in poor condition. The visual

Comparing two types of engineering visualizations: task-related manipulations matter.

PubMed

Cölln, Martin C; Kusch, Kerstin; Helmert, Jens R; Kohler, Petra; Velichkovsky, Boris M; Pannasch, Sebastian

2012-01-01

This study focuses on the comparison of traditional engineering drawings with a CAD (computer aided design) visualization in terms of user performance and eye movements in an applied context. Twenty-five students of mechanical engineering completed search tasks for measures in two distinct depictions of a car engine component (engineering drawing vs. CAD model). Besides spatial dimensionality, the display types most notably differed in terms of information layout, access and interaction options. The CAD visualization yielded better performance, if users directly manipulated the object, but was inferior, if employed in a conventional static manner, i.e. inspecting only predefined views. An additional eye movement analysis revealed longer fixation durations and a stronger increase of task-relevant fixations over time when interacting with the CAD visualization. This suggests a more focused extraction and filtering of information. We conclude that the three-dimensional CAD visualization can be advantageous if its ability to manipulate is used. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Proof of concept for using unmanned aerial vehicles for high mast pole and bridge inspections.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

Bridges and high mast luminaires (HMLs) are key components of transportation infrastructures. Effective inspection : processes are crucial to maintain the structural integrity of these components. The most common approach for : inspections is visual ...

Hardware Neural Network for a Visual Inspection System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chun, Seungwoo; Hayakawa, Yoshihiro; Nakajima, Koji

The visual inspection of defects in products is heavily dependent on human experience and instinct. In this situation, it is difficult to reduce the production costs and to shorten the inspection time and hence the total process time. Consequently people involved in this area desire an automatic inspection system. In this paper, we propose a hardware neural network, which is expected to provide high-speed operation for automatic inspection of products. Since neural networks can learn, this is a suitable method for self-adjustment of criteria for classification. To achieve high-speed operation, we use parallel and pipelining techniques. Furthermore, we use a piecewise linear function instead of a conventional activation function in order to save hardware resources. Consequently, our proposed hardware neural network achieved 6GCPS and 2GCUPS, which in our test sample proved to be sufficiently fast.

Persistence in eye movement during visual search

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amor, Tatiana A.; Reis, Saulo D. S.; Campos, Daniel; Herrmann, Hans J.; Andrade, José S.

2016-02-01

As any cognitive task, visual search involves a number of underlying processes that cannot be directly observed and measured. In this way, the movement of the eyes certainly represents the most explicit and closest connection we can get to the inner mechanisms governing this cognitive activity. Here we show that the process of eye movement during visual search, consisting of sequences of fixations intercalated by saccades, exhibits distinctive persistent behaviors. Initially, by focusing on saccadic directions and intersaccadic angles, we disclose that the probability distributions of these measures show a clear preference of participants towards a reading-like mechanism (geometrical persistence), whose features and potential advantages for searching/foraging are discussed. We then perform a Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) over the time series of jump magnitudes in the eye trajectory and find that it exhibits a typical multifractal behavior arising from the sequential combination of saccades and fixations. By inspecting the time series composed of only fixational movements, our results reveal instead a monofractal behavior with a Hurst exponent , which indicates the presence of long-range power-law positive correlations (statistical persistence). We expect that our methodological approach can be adopted as a way to understand persistence and strategy-planning during visual search.

Inspection of Space Station Cold Plate Using Visual and Automated Holographic Techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Decker, Arthur J.; Melis, Matthew E.; Weiland, Kenneth E.

1999-01-01

Real-time holography has been used to confirm the presence of non-uniformity in the construction of an International Space Station cold plate. Ultrasonic C-scans have previously shown suspected areas of cooling fin disbonds. But both neural-net processed and visual holography did not evidence any progressive permanent changes resulting from 3000 pressurization and relaxation cycles of a Dash 8 cold plate. Neural-net and visual inspections were performed of characteristic patterns generated from electronic time-average holograms of the vibrating cold plate. Normal modes of vibration were excited at very low amplitudes for this purpose, The neural nets were trained to flag very small changes in the mode shapes as encoded in the characteristic patterns. Both the whole cold plate and a zoomed region were inspected. The inspections were conducted before, after, and during pressurization and relaxation cycles of the cold plate. A water-filled cold plate was pressurized to 120 psig (827 kPa) and relaxed for each cycle. Each cycle required 5 seconds. Both the artificial neural networks and the inspectors were unable to detect changes in the mode shapes of the relaxed cold plate. The cold plate was also inspected visually using real-time holography and double-exposure holography. Regions of non-uniformity correlating with the C-scans were apparent, but the interference patterns did not change after 3000 pressurization and relaxation cycles. These tests constituted the first practical application of a neural-net inspection technique developed originally with support from the Director's Discretionary Fund at the Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field.

Arousal Rules: An Empirical Investigation into the Aesthetic Experience of Cross-Modal Perception with Emotional Visual Music

PubMed Central

Lee, Irene Eunyoung; Latchoumane, Charles-Francois V.; Jeong, Jaeseung

2017-01-01

Emotional visual music is a promising tool for the study of aesthetic perception in human psychology; however, the production of such stimuli and the mechanisms of auditory-visual emotion perception remain poorly understood. In Experiment 1, we suggested a literature-based, directive approach to emotional visual music design, and inspected the emotional meanings thereof using the self-rated psychometric and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses of the viewers. A two-dimensional (2D) approach to the assessment of emotion (the valence-arousal plane) with frontal alpha power asymmetry EEG (as a proposed index of valence) validated our visual music as an emotional stimulus. In Experiment 2, we used our synthetic stimuli to investigate possible underlying mechanisms of affective evaluation mechanisms in relation to audio and visual integration conditions between modalities (namely congruent, complementation, or incongruent combinations). In this experiment, we found that, when arousal information between auditory and visual modalities was contradictory [for example, active (+) on the audio channel but passive (−) on the video channel], the perceived emotion of cross-modal perception (visual music) followed the channel conveying the stronger arousal. Moreover, we found that an enhancement effect (heightened and compacted in subjects' emotional responses) in the aesthetic perception of visual music might occur when the two channels contained contradictory arousal information and positive congruency in valence and texture/control. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to propose a literature-based directive production of emotional visual music prototypes and the validations thereof for the study of cross-modally evoked aesthetic experiences in human subjects. PMID:28421007

Arousal Rules: An Empirical Investigation into the Aesthetic Experience of Cross-Modal Perception with Emotional Visual Music.

PubMed

Lee, Irene Eunyoung; Latchoumane, Charles-Francois V; Jeong, Jaeseung

2017-01-01

Emotional visual music is a promising tool for the study of aesthetic perception in human psychology; however, the production of such stimuli and the mechanisms of auditory-visual emotion perception remain poorly understood. In Experiment 1, we suggested a literature-based, directive approach to emotional visual music design, and inspected the emotional meanings thereof using the self-rated psychometric and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses of the viewers. A two-dimensional (2D) approach to the assessment of emotion (the valence-arousal plane) with frontal alpha power asymmetry EEG (as a proposed index of valence) validated our visual music as an emotional stimulus. In Experiment 2, we used our synthetic stimuli to investigate possible underlying mechanisms of affective evaluation mechanisms in relation to audio and visual integration conditions between modalities (namely congruent, complementation, or incongruent combinations). In this experiment, we found that, when arousal information between auditory and visual modalities was contradictory [for example, active (+) on the audio channel but passive (-) on the video channel], the perceived emotion of cross-modal perception (visual music) followed the channel conveying the stronger arousal. Moreover, we found that an enhancement effect (heightened and compacted in subjects' emotional responses) in the aesthetic perception of visual music might occur when the two channels contained contradictory arousal information and positive congruency in valence and texture/control. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to propose a literature-based directive production of emotional visual music prototypes and the validations thereof for the study of cross-modally evoked aesthetic experiences in human subjects.

Simulation Design for Off-Line Training of Practical Lean Manufacturing Concepts for Visual Inspection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tetteh, Edem; McWilliams, Douglas

2010-01-01

Customer needs for high-quality goods and the risk of product-liability litigation against businesses have made companies look for a way to sustain quality assurance in their products and services. Lean manufacturing is the latest and most successful system being used by companies to turn their business around. Visual inspection plays an important…

Decay detection in red oak trees using a combination of visual inspection, acoustic testing, and resistance microdrilling

Treesearch

Xiping Wang; R. Bruce Allison

2008-01-01

Arborists are often challenged to identify internal structural defects hidden from view within tree trunks. This article reports the results of a study using a trunk inspection protocol combining visual observation, single-path stress wave testing, acoustic tomography, and resistance microdrilling to detect internal defects. Two century-old red oak (Quercus rubra)...

Introductory Handbook for Small Arms Ammunition

DTIC Science & Technology

1967-07-01

upon a conveyor and an air jet directing the lighter scrap material into a scrap chute . As a consequence of this operation, all pieces become a...are visually inspected on a conveyor . Any scrap and all untrimmed or defective pieces are removed. g. Pocket (1) In this operation, a deep indent...are to be avoided. (3) The operation is performed on a hop- per fed, horizontal single spindle machine; I.e., a lathe design . k. Body Anneal (1

Cervical Cancer Screening Program by Visual Inspection: Acceptability and Feasibility in Health Insurance Companies.

PubMed

Horo, Apollinaire G; Didi-Kouko Coulibaly, Judith; Koffi, Abdoul; Tchounga, Boris; Seni, Konan; Aka, Kacou Edèle; Kone, Mamourou

2015-01-01

Objective. To assess willingness to participate and diagnostic accuracy of visual inspection for early detection of cervical neoplasia among women in a health insurance company. Patients and Method. Cervical cancer screening was systematically proposed to 800 women after consecutive information and awareness sessions. The screening method was visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) or Lugol's iodine (VILI). Results. Among the 800 identified women, 640 (82%) have accepted the screening, their mean age was 39 years, and 12.0% of them were involved in a polygamist couple. 28.2% of women had prior cervical screening. VIA has been detected positive in 5.9% of women versus 8.6% for VILI. The sensitivity was 72.9% and specificity was 95.2% for VIA versus 71.2% and 97.3% for VILI respectively. The histological examination highlighted a nonspecific chronic cervicitis in 4.6%, CIN1 lesions in 5.91%, and CIN2/3 in 1.2% of the cases. Conclusion. Cervical cancer screening by visual inspection showed appropriate diagnostic accuracy when used to detect early cervical lesions. It is a simple and easy to perform method that could be introduced progressively in the health insurance policy while waiting for a national screening program.

WELDSMART: A vision-based expert system for quality control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Andersen, Kristinn; Barnett, Robert Joel; Springfield, James F.; Cook, George E.

1992-01-01

This work was aimed at exploring means for utilizing computer technology in quality inspection and evaluation. Inspection of metallic welds was selected as the main application for this development and primary emphasis was placed on visual inspection, as opposed to other inspection methods, such as radiographic techniques. Emphasis was placed on methodologies with the potential for use in real-time quality control systems. Because quality evaluation is somewhat subjective, despite various efforts to classify discontinuities and standardize inspection methods, the task of using a computer for both inspection and evaluation was not trivial. The work started out with a review of the various inspection techniques that are used for quality control in welding. Among other observations from this review was the finding that most weld defects result in abnormalities that may be seen by visual inspection. This supports the approach of emphasizing visual inspection for this work. Quality control consists of two phases: (1) identification of weld discontinuities (some of which may be severe enough to be classified as defects), and (2) assessment or evaluation of the weld based on the observed discontinuities. Usually the latter phase results in a pass/fail judgement for the inspected piece. It is the conclusion of this work that the first of the above tasks, identification of discontinuities, is the most challenging one. It calls for sophisticated image processing and image analysis techniques, and frequently ad hoc methods have to be developed to identify specific features in the weld image. The difficulty of this task is generally not due to limited computing power. In most cases it was found that a modest personal computer or workstation could carry out most computations in a reasonably short time period. Rather, the algorithms and methods necessary for identifying weld discontinuities were in some cases limited. The fact that specific techniques were finally developed and successfully demosntrated to work illustrates that the general approach taken here appears to be promising for commercial development of computerized quality inspection systems. Inspection based on these techniques may be used to supplement or substitute more elaborate inspection methods, such as x-ray inspections.

Visually guided tube thoracostomy insertion comparison to standard of care in a large animal model.

PubMed

Hernandez, Matthew C; Vogelsang, David; Anderson, Jeff R; Thiels, Cornelius A; Beilman, Gregory; Zielinski, Martin D; Aho, Johnathon M

2017-04-01

Tube thoracostomy (TT) is a lifesaving procedure for a variety of thoracic pathologies. The most commonly utilized method for placement involves open dissection and blind insertion. Image guided placement is commonly utilized but is limited by an inability to see distal placement location. Unfortunately, TT is not without complications. We aim to demonstrate the feasibility of a disposable device to allow for visually directed TT placement compared to the standard of care in a large animal model. Three swine were sequentially orotracheally intubated and anesthetized. TT was conducted utilizing a novel visualization device, tube thoracostomy visual trocar (TTVT) and standard of care (open technique). Position of the TT in the chest cavity were recorded using direct thoracoscopic inspection and radiographic imaging with the operator blinded to results. Complications were evaluated using a validated complication grading system. Standard descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Thirty TT were placed, 15 using TTVT technique, 15 using standard of care open technique. All of the TT placed using TTVT were without complication and in optimal position. Conversely, 27% of TT placed using standard of care open technique resulted in complications. Necropsy revealed no injury to intrathoracic organs. Visual directed TT placement using TTVT is feasible and non-inferior to the standard of care in a large animal model. This improvement in instrumentation has the potential to greatly improve the safety of TT. Further study in humans is required. Therapeutic Level II. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

241-AY-102 Leak Detection Pit Drain Line Inspection Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boomer, Kayle D.; Engeman, Jason K.; Gunter, Jason R.

2014-01-20

This document provides a description of the design components, operational approach, and results from the Tank AY-102 leak detection pit drain piping visual inspection. To perform this inspection a custom robotic crawler with a deployment device was designed, built, and operated by IHI Southwest Technologies, Inc. for WRPS to inspect the 6-inch leak detection pit drain line.

Unethical randomised controlled trial of cervical screening in India: US Freedom of Information Act disclosures.

PubMed

Suba, Eric J; Ortega, Robert E; Mutch, David G

2017-01-01

A randomised controlled trial conducted in Mumbai, India, compared invasive cervical cancer rates among women offered cervical screening with invasive cervical cancer rates among women offered no-screening. The US Office for Human Research Protections determined the Mumbai trial was unethical because informed consent was not obtained from trial participants. Reportedly, cervical screening in the Mumbai trial reduced invasive cervical cancer mortality rates, but not invasive cervical cancer incidence rates. Documents obtained through the US Freedom of Information Act disclose that the US National Cancer Institute funded the Mumbai trial from 1997 to 2015 to study 'visual inspection/downstaging' tests. However, 'visual inspection/downstaging' tests had been judged unsatisfactory for cancer control before the Mumbai trial began. 'Visual inspection/downstaging' tests failed to reduce invasive cervical cancer incidence rates in Mumbai because 'visual inspection/downstaging' tests, by design, failed to detect preinvasive cervical lesions. None of the 151 538 Mumbai trial participants, in either the intervention or control arms, received cervical screening tests that detected preinvasive cervical lesions. Because of missing/discrepant clinical staging data, it is uncertain whether 'visual inspection/downstaging' tests actually reduced invasive cervical cancer mortality rates in Mumbai. Documents obtained through the US Freedom of Information Act disclose that US National Cancer Institute leaders avoided accountability by making false and misleading statements to Congressional oversight staff. Our findings contradict assurances given to President Barack Obama that regulations pertaining to global health research supported by the US government adequately protect human participants from unethical treatment. US National Cancer Institute leaders should develop policies to compensate victims of unethical global health research. All surviving Mumbai trial participants should finally receive cervical screening tests that detect preinvasive cervical lesions.

Inspection of Pole-Like Structures Using a Visual-Inertial Aided VTOL Platform with Shared Autonomy

PubMed Central

Sa, Inkyu; Hrabar, Stefan; Corke, Peter

2015-01-01

This paper presents an algorithm and a system for vertical infrastructure inspection using a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle and shared autonomy. Inspecting vertical structures such as light and power distribution poles is a difficult task that is time-consuming, dangerous and expensive. Recently, micro VTOL platforms (i.e., quad-, hexa- and octa-rotors) have been rapidly gaining interest in research, military and even public domains. The unmanned, low-cost and VTOL properties of these platforms make them ideal for situations where inspection would otherwise be time-consuming and/or hazardous to humans. There are, however, challenges involved with developing such an inspection system, for example flying in close proximity to a target while maintaining a fixed stand-off distance from it, being immune to wind gusts and exchanging useful information with the remote user. To overcome these challenges, we require accurate and high-update rate state estimation and high performance controllers to be implemented onboard the vehicle. Ease of control and a live video feed are required for the human operator. We demonstrate a VTOL platform that can operate at close-quarters, whilst maintaining a safe stand-off distance and rejecting environmental disturbances. Two approaches are presented: Position-Based Visual Servoing (PBVS) using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and estimator-free Image-Based Visual Servoing (IBVS). Both use monocular visual, inertia, and sonar data, allowing the approaches to be applied for indoor or GPS-impaired environments. We extensively compare the performances of PBVS and IBVS in terms of accuracy, robustness and computational costs. Results from simulations and indoor/outdoor (day and night) flight experiments demonstrate the system is able to successfully inspect and circumnavigate a vertical pole. PMID:26340631

49 CFR 192.241 - Inspection and test of welds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Welding of Steel in Pipelines § 192.241 Inspection and test of welds. (a) Visual inspection of welding must be conducted by an individual qualified by appropriate training and experience to ensure that: (1) The welding is performed in accordance...

49 CFR 180.217 - Requalification requirements for MEGCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Requalification requirements for MEGCs. (a) Periodic inspections. Each MEGC must be given an initial visual...) The 5-year periodic inspection must include an external examination of the structure, the pressure... specified in Table 1 in § 180.207. (b) Exceptional inspection and test. If a MEGC shows evidence of damaged...

49 CFR 180.217 - Requalification requirements for MEGCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Requalification requirements for MEGCs. (a) Periodic inspections. Each MEGC must be given an initial visual...) The 5-year periodic inspection must include an external examination of the structure, the pressure... specified in Table 1 in § 180.207. (b) Exceptional inspection and test. If a MEGC shows evidence of damaged...

49 CFR 180.217 - Requalification requirements for MEGCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Requalification requirements for MEGCs. (a) Periodic inspections. Each MEGC must be given an initial visual...) The 5-year periodic inspection must include an external examination of the structure, the pressure... specified in Table 1 in § 180.207. (b) Exceptional inspection and test. If a MEGC shows evidence of damaged...

49 CFR 180.217 - Requalification requirements for MEGCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Requalification requirements for MEGCs. (a) Periodic inspections. Each MEGC must be given an initial visual...) The 5-year periodic inspection must include an external examination of the structure, the pressure... specified in Table 1 in § 180.207. (b) Exceptional inspection and test. If a MEGC shows evidence of damaged...

49 CFR 180.217 - Requalification requirements for MEGCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Requalification requirements for MEGCs. (a) Periodic inspections. Each MEGC must be given an initial visual...) The 5-year periodic inspection must include an external examination of the structure, the pressure... specified in Table 1 in § 180.207. (b) Exceptional inspection and test. If a MEGC shows evidence of damaged...

NDE Technology Development Program for Non-Visual Volumetric Inspection Technology; Sensor Effectiveness Testing Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moran, Traci L.; Larche, Michael R.; Denslow, Kayte M.

The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) located in Richland, Washington, hosted and administered Sensor Effectiveness Testing that allowed four different participants to demonstrate the NDE volumetric inspection technologies that were previously demonstrated during the Technology Screening session. This document provides a Sensor Effectiveness Testing report for the final part of Phase I of a three-phase NDE Technology Development Program designed to identify and mature a system or set of non-visual volumetric NDE technologies for Hanford DST primary liner bottom inspection. Phase I of the program will baseline the performance of current or emerging non-visual volumetric NDE technologies for their abilitymore » to detect and characterize primary liner bottom flaws, and identify candidate technologies for adaptation and maturation for Phase II of the program.« less

The visual and radiological inspection of a pipeline using a teleoperated pipe crawler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fogle, R.F.; Kuelske, K.; Kellner, R.A.

1996-07-01

In the 1950s the Savannah River Site built an open, unlined retention basin for temporary storage of potentially radionuclide-contaminated cooling water form a chemical separations process and storm water drainage from a nearby waste management facility which stored large quantities of nuclear fission by-products in carbon steel tanks. An underground process pipeline lead to the basin. Once the closure of the basin in 1972, further assessment has been required. A visual and radiological inspection of the pipeline was necessary to aid in the decision about further remediation. This article describes the inspection using a teleoperated pipe crawler. 5 figs.

Interactive visualization tools for the structural biologist.

PubMed

Porebski, Benjamin T; Ho, Bosco K; Buckle, Ashley M

2013-10-01

In structural biology, management of a large number of Protein Data Bank (PDB) files and raw X-ray diffraction images often presents a major organizational problem. Existing software packages that manipulate these file types were not designed for these kinds of file-management tasks. This is typically encountered when browsing through a folder of hundreds of X-ray images, with the aim of rapidly inspecting the diffraction quality of a data set. To solve this problem, a useful functionality of the Macintosh operating system (OSX) has been exploited that allows custom visualization plugins to be attached to certain file types. Software plugins have been developed for diffraction images and PDB files, which in many scenarios can save considerable time and effort. The direct visualization of diffraction images and PDB structures in the file browser can be used to identify key files of interest simply by scrolling through a list of files.

Non-Destructive Approaches for the Validation of Visually Observed Spatial Patterns of Decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnston, Brian; McKinley, Jennifer; Warke, Patricia; Ruffell, Alastair

2017-04-01

Historical structures are regarded as a built legacy that is passed down through the generations and as such the conservation and restoration of these buildings is of great importance to governmental, religious and charitable organisations. As these groups play the role of custodians of this built heritage, they are therefore keen that the approaches employed in these studies of stone condition are non-destructive in nature. Determining sections of facades requiring repair work is often achieved through a visual conditional inspection of the stonework by a specialist. However, these reports focus upon the need to identify blocks requiring restorative action rather than the determination of spatial trends that lead to the identification of causes. This fixation on decay occurring at the block scale results in the spatial distribution of weathering present at the larger 'wall' scale appearing to have developed chaotically. Recent work has shown the importance of adopting a geomorphological focus when undertaking visual inspection of the facades of historical buildings to overcome this issue. Once trends have been ascertained, they can be used to bolster remedial strategies that target the sources of decay rather than just undertaking an aesthetic treatment of symptoms. Visual inspection of the study site, Fitzroy Presbyterian Church in Belfast, using the geomorphologically driven approach revealed three features suggestive of decay extending beyond the block scale. Firstly, the influence of architectural features on the susceptibility of blocks to decay. Secondly, the impact of the fluctuation in groundwater rise over the seasons and the influence of aspect upon this process. And finally, the interconnectivity of blocks, due to deteriorating mortar and poor repointing, providing conduits for the passage of moisture. Once these patterns were identified, it has proven necessary to validate the outcome of the visual inspection using other techniques. In this study, three complimentary approaches were employed, ground penetrating radar (GPR), probe permeametry and 3D modelling. Each of these strategies were selected as they were both capable of substantiating the suggested causes of visible decay trends and non-destructive in nature. GPR was employed to detect variations in the wall corresponding to the presence of hollows or moisture within the wall sections. The returns support the conclusions that empty spaces, created through the deterioration of mortar exist within the wall, allowing the passage of moisture. Using probe permeametry, the surface permeability of the wall surface was measured, analysis of which was carried out using kriging. The variograms created for this purpose suggest a significant directional element. 3D Models created by scanning the wall sections was used to calculate a measurement of roughness for the surfaces of the study area. Due to the stonework at the church being hammer dressed, the effectiveness of the determination of changing roughness was restricted, however some variation was identified. Through the combined use of these techniques, the wall scale trends suggested by the results of the visual inspection were validated. Thus, the apparent potential of these techniques, in particular the use of GPR, in supporting future studies of decay is promising.

Laparoscopic approach to incarcerated inguinal hernia in children.

PubMed

Kaya, Mete; Hückstedt, Thomas; Schier, Felix

2006-03-01

The purpose of this study was to describe the laparoscopic approach to incarcerated inguinal hernia in children. After unsuccessful manual reduction, 29 patients (aged 3 weeks to 7 years; median, 10 weeks; 44 boys, 15 girls) with incarcerated inguinal hernia underwent immediate laparoscopy. The hernial content was reduced in a combined technique of external manual pressure and internal pulling by forceps. The bowel was inspected, and the hernia was repaired. In all patients, the procedure was successful. No conversion to the open approach was required. Immediate laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in the same session was added. No complications occurred. Laparoscopy allowed for simultaneous reduction under direct visual control, inspection of the incarcerated organ, and definitive repair of the hernia. Technically, it appears easier than the conventional approach because of the internal inguinal ring being widened by intraabdominal carbon dioxide insufflation. The hospital stay is shorter.

30 CFR 250.919 - What in-service inspection requirements must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What in-service inspection requirements must I meet? 250.919 Section 250.919 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, REGULATION, AND... system for floating platforms; (3) The type of inspection employed (e.g., visual, magnetic particle...

49 CFR 180.416 - Discharge system inspection and maintenance program for cargo tanks transporting liquefied...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... with a unique identification number and maximum working pressure. (c) Post-delivery hose check. After... during the unloading. (d) Monthly inspections and tests. (1) The operator must visually inspect each... operator must actuate all emergency discharge control devices designed to close the internal self-closing...

49 CFR 180.416 - Discharge system inspection and maintenance program for cargo tanks transporting liquefied...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... unique identification number and maximum working pressure. (c) Post-delivery hose check. After each... unloading. (d) Monthly inspections and tests. (1) The operator must visually inspect each delivery hose... actuate all emergency discharge control devices designed to close the internal self-closing stop valve to...

49 CFR 180.416 - Discharge system inspection and maintenance program for cargo tanks transporting liquefied...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... unique identification number and maximum working pressure. (c) Post-delivery hose check. After each... unloading. (d) Monthly inspections and tests. (1) The operator must visually inspect each delivery hose... actuate all emergency discharge control devices designed to close the internal self-closing stop valve to...

49 CFR 180.416 - Discharge system inspection and maintenance program for cargo tanks transporting liquefied...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... unique identification number and maximum working pressure. (c) Post-delivery hose check. After each... unloading. (d) Monthly inspections and tests. (1) The operator must visually inspect each delivery hose... actuate all emergency discharge control devices designed to close the internal self-closing stop valve to...

49 CFR 180.416 - Discharge system inspection and maintenance program for cargo tanks transporting liquefied...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... unique identification number and maximum working pressure. (c) Post-delivery hose check. After each... unloading. (d) Monthly inspections and tests. (1) The operator must visually inspect each delivery hose... actuate all emergency discharge control devices designed to close the internal self-closing stop valve to...

Satiation or availability? Effects of attention, memory, and imagery on the perception of ambiguous figures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horlitz, Krista L.; O'Leary, Ann

1993-01-01

The prolonged-inspection technique has been used to demonstrate effects of satiation on the perception of ambiguous figures. We propose that the inspection phase, in which subjects view an unambiguous version of the stimulus prior to observing the ambiguous figure, does not create neural fatigue but rather provides a context in which the alternative percept is apprehended and gains perceptual strength through processes such as imagination or memory. The consequent availability of the alternative organization drives the perceptual phenomena that have been thought to reflect satiation. In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that (1) preexperimental exposure to the target figures and (2) allocation of attention to the inspection figures were both necessary in order to obtain results similar to those predicted by the satiation model. In Experiment 2, we obtained similar results, finding that effects of prior inspection were greater the greater the amount and availability of information regarding the alternative percept during the inspection phase. Subjects who generated visual images of the noninspected alternative during inspection yielded results comparable to those from subjects to whom both versions were presented visually.

49 CFR Appendix C to Part 180 - Eddy Current Examination With Visual Inspection for DOT 3AL Cylinders Manufactured of Aluminum...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... for DOT 3AL Cylinders Manufactured of Aluminum Alloy 6351-T6 C Appendix C to Part 180 Transportation... Pt. 180, App. C Appendix C to Part 180—Eddy Current Examination With Visual Inspection for DOT 3AL... with CGA pamphlet C-6.1 (IBR; see § 171.7 of this subchapter). 3. Eddy Current Equipment. A reference...

Local matrix learning in clustering and applications for manifold visualization.

PubMed

Arnonkijpanich, Banchar; Hasenfuss, Alexander; Hammer, Barbara

2010-05-01

Electronic data sets are increasing rapidly with respect to both, size of the data sets and data resolution, i.e. dimensionality, such that adequate data inspection and data visualization have become central issues of data mining. In this article, we present an extension of classical clustering schemes by local matrix adaptation, which allows a better representation of data by means of clusters with an arbitrary spherical shape. Unlike previous proposals, the method is derived from a global cost function. The focus of this article is to demonstrate the applicability of this matrix clustering scheme to low-dimensional data embedding for data inspection. The proposed method is based on matrix learning for neural gas and manifold charting. This provides an explicit mapping of a given high-dimensional data space to low dimensionality. We demonstrate the usefulness of this method for data inspection and manifold visualization. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated grain mapping using wide angle convergent beam electron diffraction in transmission electron microscope for nanomaterials.

PubMed

Kumar, Vineet

2011-12-01

The grain size statistics, commonly derived from the grain map of a material sample, are important microstructure characteristics that greatly influence its properties. The grain map for nanomaterials is usually obtained manually by visual inspection of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs because automated methods do not perform satisfactorily. While the visual inspection method provides reliable results, it is a labor intensive process and is often prone to human errors. In this article, an automated grain mapping method is developed using TEM diffraction patterns. The presented method uses wide angle convergent beam diffraction in the TEM. The automated technique was applied on a platinum thin film sample to obtain the grain map and subsequently derive grain size statistics from it. The grain size statistics obtained with the automated method were found in good agreement with the visual inspection method.

Effectiveness of cryotherapy treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

PubMed

Luciani, Silvana; Gonzales, Miguel; Munoz, Sergio; Jeronimo, Jose; Robles, Sylvia

2008-05-01

To assess the effectiveness of cryotherapy treatment delivered by general practitioners in primary care settings, as part of a screen-and-treat approach for cervical cancer prevention. Women aged between 25 and 49 years residing in San Martin, Peru, who were positive on visual inspection screening were treated, if eligible, with cryotherapy following biopsy. At 12 months post cryotherapy treatment the participants were evaluated for treatment effectiveness and examined by visual inspection and Papanicolaou test and, if positive, referred to a gynecologist for colposcopy and biopsy. Cryotherapy treatment was performed for 1398 women; of these, 531 (38%) had a histology result of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Cryotherapy effectively cured CIN in 418 (88%) women, including 49 (70%) women with a baseline diagnosis of CIN 3. Cryotherapy is an effective treatment for cervical precancerous lesions; it can easily be administered by general practitioners in primary care settings following visual inspection screening.

Human papillomavirus-based cervical cancer prevention: long-term results of a randomized screening trial.

PubMed

Denny, Lynette; Kuhn, Louise; Hu, Chih-Chi; Tsai, Wei-Yann; Wright, Thomas C

2010-10-20

Screen-and-treat approaches to cervical cancer prevention are an attractive option for low-resource settings, but data on their long-term efficacy are lacking. We evaluated the efficacy of two screen-and-treat approaches through 36 months of follow-up in a randomized trial. A total of 6637 unscreened South African women aged 35-65 years who were tested for the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cervical samples underwent visual inspection of the cervix using acetic acid staining and HIV serotesting. Of these, 6555 were randomly assigned to three study arms: 1) HPV-and-treat, in which all women with a positive HPV DNA test result underwent cryotherapy; 2) visual inspection-and-treat, in which all women with a positive visual inspection test result underwent cryotherapy; or 3) control, in which further evaluation or treatment was delayed for 6 months. All women underwent colposcopy with biopsy at 6 months. All women who were HPV DNA- or visual inspection-positive at enrollment, and a subset of all other women had extended follow-up to 36 months (n = 3639) with yearly colposcopy. The endpoint-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+)-was analyzed using actuarial life-table methods. All statistical tests were two-sided. After 36 months, there was a sustained statistically significant decrease in the cumulative detection of CIN2+ in the HPV-and-treat arm compared with the control arm (1.5% vs 5.6%, difference = 4.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.8% to 5.3%, P < .001). The difference in the cumulative detection of CIN2+ in the visual inspection-and-treat arm compared with the control was less (3.8% vs 5.6%, difference = 1.8%, 95% CI = 0.4% to 3.2%, P = .002). Incident cases of CIN2+ (identified more than 12 months after enrollment) were less common in the HPV-and-treat arm (0.3%, 95% CI = 0.05% to 1.02%) than in the control (1.0%, 95% CI = 0.5% to 1.7%) or visual inspection-and-treat (1.3%, 95% CI = 0.8% to 2.1%) arms. In this trial, a screen-and-treat approach using HPV DNA testing identified and treated prevalent cases of CIN2+ and appeared to reduce the number of incident cases of CIN2+ that developed more than 12 months after cryotherapy.

Image segmentation evaluation for very-large datasets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reeves, Anthony P.; Liu, Shuang; Xie, Yiting

2016-03-01

With the advent of modern machine learning methods and fully automated image analysis there is a need for very large image datasets having documented segmentations for both computer algorithm training and evaluation. Current approaches of visual inspection and manual markings do not scale well to big data. We present a new approach that depends on fully automated algorithm outcomes for segmentation documentation, requires no manual marking, and provides quantitative evaluation for computer algorithms. The documentation of new image segmentations and new algorithm outcomes are achieved by visual inspection. The burden of visual inspection on large datasets is minimized by (a) customized visualizations for rapid review and (b) reducing the number of cases to be reviewed through analysis of quantitative segmentation evaluation. This method has been applied to a dataset of 7,440 whole-lung CT images for 6 different segmentation algorithms designed to fully automatically facilitate the measurement of a number of very important quantitative image biomarkers. The results indicate that we could achieve 93% to 99% successful segmentation for these algorithms on this relatively large image database. The presented evaluation method may be scaled to much larger image databases.

Manufacturing Methods & Technology Project Execution Report. First Half CY 80

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

1 80 7371 INTEGRATED BLADE INSPECTION SYSTEM (IBIS) INSPECTION OF TURBINE ENGINE BLADES AND VANES NECESSITATES HIGH ACCURACY. THE EFFORT IS TIME...OPTICAL INSP OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS OPERATOR FATIGUE ALLOWS MANY BAD PCBSS TO PASS VISUAL INSPECTION . 29 PROJECTS ADDED IN 1ST HALF» CY80...2631 TITLED "CRITICAL ELECTROHAGNETIC INSPECTION PROBLEMS WITHIN THE ARMY." FUTURE STATUS WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE PROJECT STATUS FOR M 80 6350

Timber bridge evaluation : a global nondestructive approach using impact generated FRFs

Treesearch

Angus Morison; C.D. Van Karsen; H.A. Evensen; J.B. Ligon; J.R. Erickson; R.J. Ross; J.W. Forsman

2002-01-01

Bridges require periodic inspections to ensure the safety of those using the structure. A visual inspection has historically been the most common form of investigation for timber bridges. This poses many problems when inspecting bridge timbers since often the damage is internal, leaving no visible signs of decay on the surface. Localized nondestructive evaluation (NDE...

Automatic visual inspection system for microelectronics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Micka, E. Z. (Inventor)

1975-01-01

A system for automatically inspecting an integrated circuit was developed. A device for shining a scanning narrow light beam at an integrated circuit to be inspected and another light beam at an accepted integrated circuit was included. A pair of photodetectors that receive light reflected from these integrated circuits, and a comparing system compares the outputs of the photodetectors.

Laser Mapping for Visual Inspection and Measurement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

Each space shuttle orbiter has 38 Primary Reaction Control System (PRCS) thrusters to help power and position the vehicle for maneuvers in space, including reentry and establishing Earth orbit. Minor flaws in the ceramic lining of a thruster, such as a chip or crack, can cripple the operations of an orbiter in space and jeopardize a mission. The ability to locate, measure, and monitor tiny features in difficult-to-inspect PRCS thrusters improves their overall safety and lifespan. These thrusters have to be detached and visually inspected in great detail at one of two NASA facilities, the White Sands Test Facility or the Kennedy Space Center, before and after each mission, which is an expense of both time and money.

Using virtual reality technology for aircraft visual inspection training: presence and comparison studies.

PubMed

Vora, Jeenal; Nair, Santosh; Gramopadhye, Anand K; Duchowski, Andrew T; Melloy, Brian J; Kanki, Barbara

2002-11-01

The aircraft maintenance industry is a complex system consisting of several interrelated human and machine components. Recognizing this, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has pursued human factors related research. In the maintenance arena the research has focused on the aircraft inspection process and the aircraft inspector. Training has been identified as the primary intervention strategy to improve the quality and reliability of aircraft inspection. If training is to be successful, it is critical that we provide aircraft inspectors with appropriate training tools and environment. In response to this need, the paper outlines the development of a virtual reality (VR) system for aircraft inspection training. VR has generated much excitement but little formal proof that it is useful. However, since VR interfaces are difficult and expensive to build, the computer graphics community needs to be able to predict which applications will benefit from VR. To address this important issue, this research measured the degree of immersion and presence felt by subjects in a virtual environment simulator. Specifically, it conducted two controlled studies using the VR system developed for visual inspection task of an aft-cargo bay at the VR Lab of Clemson University. Beyond assembling the visual inspection virtual environment, a significant goal of this project was to explore subjective presence as it affects task performance. The results of this study indicated that the system scored high on the issues related to the degree of presence felt by the subjects. As a next logical step, this study, then, compared VR to an existing PC-based aircraft inspection simulator. The results showed that the VR system was better and preferred over the PC-based training tool.

Postconcussive Symptoms in OEF-OIF Veterans: Factor Structure and Impact of Posttraumatic Stress

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-03

correlations between NSI full items are presented in Appendix A. Visual inspection of the correlation matrix, the Kaiser - Meyer - Olkin coefficient of .92, and...Spearman rho correlations between NSI residuals are pre- sented in Appendix B. Again, visual inspection of the correla- tion matrix, the Kaiser - Meyer ... Olkin coefficient of .83, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (x2 5 1,936.0, p , .01) suggested that the matrix could be factored. Principal-components

Textural analyses of carbon fiber materials by 2D-FFT of complex images obtained by high frequency eddy current imaging (HF-ECI)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schulze, Martin H.; Heuer, Henning

2012-04-01

Carbon fiber based materials are used in many lightweight applications in aeronautical, automotive, machine and civil engineering application. By the increasing automation in the production process of CFRP laminates a manual optical inspection of each resin transfer molding (RTM) layer is not practicable. Due to the limitation to surface inspection, the quality parameters of multilayer 3 dimensional materials cannot be observed by optical systems. The Imaging Eddy- Current (EC) NDT is the only suitable inspection method for non-resin materials in the textile state that allows an inspection of surface and hidden layers in parallel. The HF-ECI method has the capability to measure layer displacements (misaligned angle orientations) and gap sizes in a multilayer carbon fiber structure. EC technique uses the variation of the electrical conductivity of carbon based materials to obtain material properties. Beside the determination of textural parameters like layer orientation and gap sizes between rovings, the detection of foreign polymer particles, fuzzy balls or visualization of undulations can be done by the method. For all of these typical parameters an imaging classification process chain based on a high resolving directional ECimaging device named EddyCus® MPECS and a 2D-FFT with adapted preprocessing algorithms are developed.

Identify Structural Flaw Location and Type with an Inverse Algorithm of Resonance Inspection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, Wei; Lai, Canhai; Sun, Xin

To evaluate the fitness-for-service of a structural component and to quantify its remaining useful life, aging and service-induced structural flaws must be quantitatively determined in service or during scheduled maintenance shutdowns. Resonance inspection (RI), a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique, distinguishes the anomalous parts from the good parts based on changes in the natural frequency spectra. Known for its numerous advantages, i.e., low inspection cost, high testing speed, and broad applicability to complex structures, RI has been widely used in the automobile industry for quality inspection. However, compared to other contemporary direct visualization-based NDE methods, a more widespread application of RImore » faces a fundamental challenge because such technology is unable to quantify the flaw details, e.g. location, dimensions, and types. In this study, the applicability of a maximum correlation-based inverse RI algorithm developed by the authors is further studied for various flaw cases. It is demonstrated that a variety of common structural flaws, i.e. stiffness degradation, voids, and cracks, can be accurately retrieved by this algorithm even when multiple different types of flaws coexist. The quantitative relations between the damage identification results and the flaw characteristics are also developed to assist the evaluation of the actual state of health of the engineering structures.« less

Visual Inspection of Surfaces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hughes, David; Perez, Xavier

2007-01-01

This presentation evaluates the parameters that affect visual inspection of cleanliness. Factors tested include surface reflectance, surface roughness, size of the largest particle, exposure time, inspector and distance from sample surface. It is concluded that distance predictions were not great, particularly because the distance at which contamination is seen may depend on more variables than those tested. Most parameters estimates had confidence of 95% or better, except for exposure and reflectance. Additionally, the distance at which surface is visibly contaminated decreases with increasing reflectance, roughness, and exposure. The distance at which the surface is visually contaminated increased with the largest particle size. These variables were only slightly affected the observer.

Automation for nondestructive inspection of aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siegel, M. W.

1994-01-01

We discuss the motivation and an architectural framework for using small mobile robots as automated aids to operators of nondestructive inspection (NDI) equipment. We review the need for aircraft skin inspection, and identify the constraints in commercial airlines operations that make small mobile robots the most attractive alternative for automated aids for NDI procedures. We describe the design and performance of the robot (ANDI) that we designed, built, and are testing for deployment of eddy current probes in prescribed commercial aircraft inspections. We discuss recent work aimed at also providing robotic aids for visual inspection.

Qualitative interpretation of PET scans using a Likert scale to assess neck node response to radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

PubMed

Sjövall, Johanna; Bitzén, Ulrika; Kjellén, Elisabeth; Nilsson, Per; Wahlberg, Peter; Brun, Eva

2016-04-01

The aim of this study was to determine whether PET scans after radiotherapy (RT), visually interpreted as equivocal regarding metabolic neck node response can be used to accurately categorize patients as responders or nonresponders using a Likert scale and/or maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). Other aims were to determine the performance of different methods for assessing post-RT PET scans (visual inspection, a Likert scale and SUVmax) and to establish whether any method is superior in predicting regional control (RC) and overall survival (OS). In 105 patients with neck node-positive head and neck cancer, the neck node response was evaluated by FDG PET/CT 6 weeks after RT. The scans were clinically assessed by visual inspection and, for the purposes of this analysis, re-evaluated using the Deauville criteria, a five-point Likert scale previously used in lymphoma studies. In addition, SUVmax was determined. All assessment methods were able to significantly predict RC but not OS. The methods were also able to significantly predict remission of tumour after completion of RT. Of the 105 PET scans, 19 were judged as equivocal on visual inspection. The Likert scale was preferable to SUVmax for grouping patients as responders or nonresponders. All methods (visual inspection, SUVmax and the Likert scale) identified responders and nonresponders and predicted RC. A Likert scale is a promising tool to reduce to a minimum the problem of PET scans judged as equivocal. Consensus regarding qualitative assessment would facilitate PET reporting in clinical practice.

40 CFR 312.27 - Visual inspections of the facility and of adjoining properties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... inspection of adjoining properties, from the subject property line, public rights-of-way, or other vantage... accessible vantage point (such as the property line or public road for small properties); (2) Documentation...

Infrastructure monitoring from an in-service light rail vehicle.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-01

Presently, rail inspection is performed either visually or with dedicated track geometry cars. The authors examine a more economical approach where rail inspection is performed by analyzing vibration data collected from an operational passenger train...

Quantitative sensing of bridges, railways, and tunnels with autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-05-04

Managing a growing population of deteriorated transportation infrastructure : systems (i.e. bridges, railways, tunnels) is one of biggest challenges faced by the nation. : Traditional inspection and monitoring techniques (e.g., visual inspection, mec...

Performance degradation of grid-tied photovoltaic modules in a hot-dry climatic condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suleske, Adam; Singh, Jaspreet; Kuitche, Joseph; Tamizh-Mani, Govindasamy

2011-09-01

The crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules under open circuit conditions typically degrade at a rate of about 0.5% per year. However, it is suspected that the modules in an array level may degrade, depending on equipment/frame grounding and array grounding, at higher rates because of higher string voltage and increased module mismatch over the years of operation in the field. This paper compares and analyzes the degradation rates of grid-tied photovoltaic modules operating over 10-17 years in a desert climatic condition of Arizona. The nameplate open-circuit voltages of the arrays ranged between 400 and 450 V. Six different types/models of crystalline silicon modules with glass/glass and glass/polymer constructions were evaluated. About 1865 modules were inspected using an extended visual inspection checklist and infrared (IR) scanning. The visual inspection checklist included encapsulant discoloration, cell/interconnect cracks, delamination and corrosion. Based on the visual inspection and IR studies, a large fraction of these modules were identified as allegedly healthy and unhealthy modules and they were electrically isolated from the system for currentvoltage (I-V) measurements of individual modules. The annual degradation rate for each module type is determined based on the I-V measurements.

Safety, feasibility, and acceptability of visual inspection with acetic acid and immediate treatment with cryotherapy in rural Laos.

PubMed

Phongsavan, Keokedthong; Phengsavanh, Alongkone; Wahlström, Rolf; Marions, Lena

2011-09-01

To assess the safety, acceptability, and feasibility of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) followed by immediate treatment with cryotherapy as a single-visit approach for the prevention of cervical cancer among women in rural Laos. In 2009, women from 2 provinces in Laos were recruited for cervical cancer screening using VIA. If the inspection of the cervix showed a well-defined acetowhite lesion close to the os, immediate cryotherapy was offered. Of the 1926 women who were included, 134 (7.0%) tested positive on VIA. Of these, 113 (84.3%) underwent immediate cryotherapy and none declined treatment. One year after immediate cryotherapy, 77 (68.1%) women returned for a follow-up assessment and 68 (88.3%) were now VIA-negative. There was no report of a major complication during or after treatment. The acceptance of both VIA and cryotherapy was high. Visual inspection with acetic acid is a simple test that requires minimal infrastructure and expenditure. Integration of VIA with cryotherapy at the primary care level may constitute a feasible program for the prevention of cervical cancer in Laos. Copyright © 2011 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Crowdsourcing Broad Absorption Line Properties and Other Features of Quasar Outflow Using Zooniverse Citizen Science Project Platform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crowe, Cassie; Lundgren, Britt; Grier, Catherine

2018-01-01

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) regularly publishes vast catalogs of quasars and other astronomical objects. Previously, the SDSS collaboration has used visual inspection to check quasar redshift validity and flag instances of broad absorption lines (BALs). This information helps researchers to easily single out the quasars with BAL properties and study their outflows and other intervening gas clouds. Due to the ever-growing number of new SDSS quasar observations, visual inspections are no longer possible using previous methods. Currently, BAL information is being determined entirely computationally, and the accuracy of that information is not precisely known. This project uses the Zooniverse citizen science platform to visually inspect quasar spectra for BAL properties, to check the accuracy of the current autonomous methods, and to flag multi-phase outflows and find candidates for in-falling gas into the quasar central engine. The layout and format of a Zooniverse project provides an easier way to inspect and record data on each spectrum and share the workload via crowdsourcing. Work done by the SDSS collaboration members is serving as a beta test for a public project upon the official release of the DR14 quasar catalog by SDSS.

Spectrophotometry or visual inspection to most reliably detect xanthochromia in subarachnoid hemorrhage: systematic review.

PubMed

Chu, Kevin; Hann, Angus; Greenslade, Jaimi; Williams, Julian; Brown, Anthony

2014-09-01

We assess the sensitivity and specificity of xanthochromia as adjudicated by visual inspection and spectrophotometry at predicting the presence of cerebral aneurysm in patients with suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage who have a normal computed tomography (CT) head scan result. A systematic review was performed. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched. Relevant studies with clinical data on the diagnostic accuracy of visual inspection or spectrophotometry were considered. Patients who had a normal CT head scan result followed by a lumbar puncture were included in this review. Sensitivities, specificities, and heterogeneity (I(2)) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore reasons for the heterogeneity. There were major methodological limitations in the studies found. Twenty-two relevant articles were heterogeneous in regard to time to lumbar puncture, spectrophotometry methods, and follow-up of patients not undergoing cerebral angiography. Twelve of the 22 studies selected patients on the basis of a cerebral aneurysm or subarachnoid hemorrhage on imaging, or a positive lumbar puncture result. These studies were excluded from our initial analysis, which included only patients with clinically suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this initial analysis, pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity for spectrophotometry were 87% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71% to 96%; I(2)=26%) and 86% (95% CI 84% to 88%; I(2)=96%), respectively. For visual inspection, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 83% (95% CI 59% to 96%; I(2)=52%) and 96% (95% CI 93% to 97%; I(2)=76%), respectively. Sensitivity estimates are difficult to interpret without knowing time to lumbar puncture. The heterogeneity in the underlying studies, combined with significant overlap in pooled confidence limits, makes it impossible to provide a definite conclusion about the diagnostic accuracy of spectrophotometry versus visual inspection. Copyright © 2014 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Recognition and prevention of computed radiography image artifacts.

PubMed

Hammerstrom, Kevin; Aldrich, John; Alves, Len; Ho, Andrew

2006-09-01

Initiated by complaints of image artifacts, a thorough visual and radiographic investigation of 197 Fuji, 35 Agfa, and 37 Kodak computed radiography (CR) cassettes with imaging plates (IPs) in clinical use at four radiology departments was performed. The investigation revealed that the physical deterioration of the cassettes and IPs was more extensive than previously believed. It appeared that many of the image artifacts were the direct result of premature wear of the cassettes and imaging plates. The results indicate that a quality control program for CR cassettes and IPs is essential and should include not only cleaning of the cassettes and imaging plates on a regular basis, but also visual and radiographic image inspection to limit the occurrence of image artifacts and to prolong the life cycle of the CR equipment.

Vision-Based Corrosion Detection Assisted by a Micro-Aerial Vehicle in a Vessel Inspection Application

PubMed Central

Ortiz, Alberto; Bonnin-Pascual, Francisco; Garcia-Fidalgo, Emilio; Company-Corcoles, Joan P.

2016-01-01

Vessel maintenance requires periodic visual inspection of the hull in order to detect typical defective situations of steel structures such as, among others, coating breakdown and corrosion. These inspections are typically performed by well-trained surveyors at great cost because of the need for providing access means (e.g., scaffolding and/or cherry pickers) that allow the inspector to be at arm’s reach from the structure under inspection. This paper describes a defect detection approach comprising a micro-aerial vehicle which is used to collect images from the surfaces under inspection, particularly focusing on remote areas where the surveyor has no visual access, and a coating breakdown/corrosion detector based on a three-layer feed-forward artificial neural network. As it is discussed in the paper, the success of the inspection process depends not only on the defect detection software but also on a number of assistance functions provided by the control architecture of the aerial platform, whose aim is to improve picture quality. Both aspects of the work are described along the different sections of the paper, as well as the classification performance attained. PMID:27983627

Vision-Based Corrosion Detection Assisted by a Micro-Aerial Vehicle in a Vessel Inspection Application.

PubMed

Ortiz, Alberto; Bonnin-Pascual, Francisco; Garcia-Fidalgo, Emilio; Company-Corcoles, Joan P

2016-12-14

Vessel maintenance requires periodic visual inspection of the hull in order to detect typical defective situations of steel structures such as, among others, coating breakdown and corrosion. These inspections are typically performed by well-trained surveyors at great cost because of the need for providing access means (e.g., scaffolding and/or cherry pickers) that allow the inspector to be at arm's reach from the structure under inspection. This paper describes a defect detection approach comprising a micro-aerial vehicle which is used to collect images from the surfaces under inspection, particularly focusing on remote areas where the surveyor has no visual access, and a coating breakdown/corrosion detector based on a three-layer feed-forward artificial neural network. As it is discussed in the paper, the success of the inspection process depends not only on the defect detection software but also on a number of assistance functions provided by the control architecture of the aerial platform, whose aim is to improve picture quality. Both aspects of the work are described along the different sections of the paper, as well as the classification performance attained.

Estimation of ovular fiber production in cotton

DOEpatents

Van't Hof, Jack

1998-09-01

The present invention is a method for rendering cotton fiber cells that are post-anthesis and pre-harvest available for analysis of their physical properties. The method includes the steps of hydrolyzing cotton fiber cells and separating cotton fiber cells from cotton ovules thereby rendering the cells available for analysis. The analysis of the fiber cells is through any suitable means, e.g., visual inspection. Visual inspection of the cells can be accomplished by placing the cells under an instrument for detection, such as microscope or other means.

Estimating Procurement Cost Growth Using Logistic and Multiple Regression

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

Figure 4). The plots fail to pass the visual inspection for constant variance as well as the Breusch - Pagan test (Neter, 1996: 112) at an alpha level...plots fail to pass the visual inspection for constant variance as well as the Breusch - Pagan test at an alpha level of 0.05. Based on these findings...amount of cost growth a program will have 13 once model A deems that the program will incur cost growth. Sipple conducts validation testing on

49 CFR 192.241 - Inspection and test of welds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... nondestructively tested or visually inspected is determined according to the standards in Section 9 of API Standard... standards for a reason other than a crack, and if Appendix A to API 1104 applies to the weld, the...

49 CFR 192.241 - Inspection and test of welds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... nondestructively tested or visually inspected is determined according to the standards in Section 9 of API Standard... standards for a reason other than a crack, and if Appendix A to API 1104 applies to the weld, the...

49 CFR 192.241 - Inspection and test of welds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... nondestructively tested or visually inspected is determined according to the standards in Section 9 of API Standard... standards for a reason other than a crack, and if Appendix A to API 1104 applies to the weld, the...

49 CFR 192.241 - Inspection and test of welds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... nondestructively tested or visually inspected is determined according to the standards in Section 9 of API Standard... standards for a reason other than a crack, and if Appendix A to API 1104 applies to the weld, the...

Putting Automated Visual Inspection Systems To Work On The Factory Floor: What's Missing?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waltz, Frederick M.; Snyder, Michael A.; Batchelor, Bruce G.

1990-02-01

Machine vision systems and other automated visual inspection (AVI) systems have been proving their usefulness in factories for more than a decade. In spite of this, the number of installed systems is far below the number that could profitably be employed. In the opinion of the authors, the primary reason for this is the high cost of customizing vision systems to meet applications requirements. A three-part approach to this problem has proven to be useful: 1. A multi-phase paradigm for customer interaction, system specification, system development, and system installation; 2. A powerful and easy-to-use system development environment, including a a flexible laboratory lighting setup, plus software-based tools to assist in the design of image acquisition systems, b. an image processing environment with a very large repertoire of image processing and feature extraction operations and an easy-to-use command interpreter having macro capabilities, and c. an image analysis environment with high-level constructs, a flexible and powerful syntax, and a "seamless" interface to the image processing level; and 3. A moderately-priced high-speed "target" system fully compatible with the development environment, so that algorithms developed thereon can be transferred directly to the factory environment without further development costs or reprogramming. Items 1 and 2 are covered in other papers1,23,4,5 and are touched on here only briefly. Item 3 is the main subject of this paper. Our major motivation in presenting this paper is to offer suggestions to vendors developing commercial boards and systems, in hopes that the special needs of industrial inspection can be met.

Case histories of building material problems caused by condensation at an enclosed swimming pool and an enclosed ice rink

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

VanGeem, M.G.; Farahmandpour, K.; Gajda, J.

1999-07-01

Enclosed swimming pools and ice rinks in winter climates have the potential for high indoor relative humidities and cold building materials. These elements can contribute to condensation and premature deterioration of building materials. Case histories are provided for an enclosed swimming pool and an enclosed ice rink with condensation problems. An evaluation was performed after roof leaks were reported at a recently constructed indoor swimming pool in a Chicago suburb. After a preliminary inspection, it was evident that the reported leaks were related to building moisture problems rather than a roof leak. Exterior brick masonry exhibited heavy efflorescence in themore » area of the swimming pools, and water streaks were visible on the exterior walls below the eaves. The evaluation included laboratory testing, a visual inspection, field tests and measurements, and analyses for condensation potential. Results of the evaluation indicated the presence of condensed moisture as a direct cause of the observed water stains, and masonry efflorescence. Recommended corrective actions developed. A 54-year-old enclosed ice rink in New England was under investigation to determine the cause of a deteriorated wood deck roof. The building did not have dehumidification or air handling systems, and was heated only when occupied. The evaluation included visual inspection and analyses for condensation potential. Results of the evaluation indicated condensation within the wood decking and insulation during winter months, and high relative humidities that prohibited drying during the spring, summer, and fall. These conditions, over an extended number of years, resulted in decay of the wood decking.« less

Nondestructive Testing of Overhead Transmission LINES—NUMERICAL and Experimental Investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulkarni, S.; Hurlebaus, S.

2009-03-01

Overhead transmission lines are periodically inspected using both on-ground and helicopter-aided visual inspection. Factors including sun glare, cloud cover, close proximity to power lines and the rapidly changing visual circumstances make airborne inspection of power lines a particularly hazardous task. In this study, a finite element model is developed that can be used to create the theoretical dispersion curves of an overhead transmission line. The numerical results are then verified with experimental test using a non-contact and broadband laser detection technique. The methodology developed in this study can be further extended to a continuous monitoring system and be applied to other cable monitoring applications, such as bridge cable monitoring, which would otherwise put human inspectors at risk.

Development of fluorescence based handheld imaging devices for food safety inspection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Hoyoung; Kim, Moon S.; Chao, Kuanglin; Lefcourt, Alan M.; Chan, Diane E.

2013-05-01

For sanitation inspection in food processing environment, fluorescence imaging can be a very useful method because many organic materials reveal unique fluorescence emissions when excited by UV or violet radiation. Although some fluorescence-based automated inspection instrumentation has been developed for food products, there remains a need for devices that can assist on-site inspectors performing visual sanitation inspection of the surfaces of food processing/handling equipment. This paper reports the development of an inexpensive handheld imaging device designed to visualize fluorescence emissions and intended to help detect the presence of fecal contaminants, organic residues, and bacterial biofilms at multispectral fluorescence emission bands. The device consists of a miniature camera, multispectral (interference) filters, and high power LED illumination. With WiFi communication, live inspection images from the device can be displayed on smartphone or tablet devices. This imaging device could be a useful tool for assessing the effectiveness of sanitation procedures and for helping processors to minimize food safety risks or determine potential problem areas. This paper presents the design and development including evaluation and optimization of the hardware components of the imaging devices.

Automated eddy current inspection of Space Shuttle APU turbine wheel blades

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisher, Jay L.; Rowland, Stephen N.; Stolte, Jeffrey S.; Salkowski, Charles

1991-01-01

An automated inspection system based on eddy current testing (ET) techniques has been developed to inspect turbine wheel blades on the APU used in NASA's Space Transportation system. The APU is a hydrazine-powered gas turbine with a 15-cm diameter Rene 41 turbine wheel, which has 123 first-stage blades and 123 second-stage blades. The flaw detection capability of the ET system is verified through comparison with fluorescent penetrant test results. Results of the comparison indicate that ET is capable of inspecting surfaces with very restrictive geometries. The ET capability requires development of probes with extremely small coils to allow inspection within 0.4 mm of the blade root and the leading and trailing edges of the blade and within a height restriction of less than 1 mm. The color 2D presentation of the ET data provided crack-growth pattern and length information similar to those found with visual techniques. It also provided visual clues to minimize geometry effects such as generated from blade edges, a neighoring blade, and changes in the blade thickness.

Distribution of Plasmoids in Post-Coronal Mass Ejection Current Sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharjee, A.; Guo, L.; Huang, Y.

2013-12-01

Recently, the fragmentation of a current sheet in the high-Lundquist-number regime caused by the plasmoid instability has been proposed as a possible mechanism for fast reconnection. In this work, we investigate this scenario by comparing the distribution of plasmoids obtained from Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) observational data of a coronal mass ejection event with a resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a similar event. The LASCO/C2 data are analyzed using visual inspection, whereas the numerical data are analyzed using both visual inspection and a more precise topological method. Contrasting the observational data with numerical data analyzed with both methods, we identify a major limitation of the visual inspection method, due to the difficulty in resolving smaller plasmoids. This result raises questions about reports of log-normal distributions of plasmoids and other coherent features in the recent literature. Based on nonlinear scaling relations of the plasmoid instability, we infer a lower bound on the current sheet width, assuming the underlying mechanism of current sheet broadening is resistive diffusion.

A novel visual pipework inspection system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Summan, Rahul; Jackson, William; Dobie, Gordon; MacLeod, Charles; Mineo, Carmelo; West, Graeme; Offin, Douglas; Bolton, Gary; Marshall, Stephen; Lille, Alexandre

2018-04-01

The interior visual inspection of pipelines in the nuclear industry is a safety critical activity conducted during outages to ensure the continued safe and reliable operation of plant. Typically, the video output by a manually deployed probe is viewed by an operator looking to identify and localize surface defects such as corrosion, erosion and pitting. However, it is very challenging to estimate the nature and extent of defects by viewing a large structure through a relatively small field of view. This work describes a new visual inspection system employing photogrammetry using a fisheye camera and a structured light system to map the internal geometry of pipelines by generating a photorealistic, geometrically accurate surface model. The error of the system output was evaluated through comparison to a ground truth laser scan (ATOS GOM Triple Scan) of a nuclear grade split pipe sample (stainless steel 304L, 80mm internal diameter) containing defects representative of the application - the error was found to be submillimeter across the sample.

9 CFR 318.301 - Containers and closures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Section 318.301 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... examinations for rigid containers (cans)—(1) Visual examinations. A closure technician shall visually examine... container shall be examined for product leakage or obvious defects. A visual examination shall be performed...

A neural-visualization IDS for honeynet data.

PubMed

Herrero, Álvaro; Zurutuza, Urko; Corchado, Emilio

2012-04-01

Neural intelligent systems can provide a visualization of the network traffic for security staff, in order to reduce the widely known high false-positive rate associated with misuse-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). Unlike previous work, this study proposes an unsupervised neural models that generate an intuitive visualization of the captured traffic, rather than network statistics. These snapshots of network events are immensely useful for security personnel that monitor network behavior. The system is based on the use of different neural projection and unsupervised methods for the visual inspection of honeypot data, and may be seen as a complementary network security tool that sheds light on internal data structures through visual inspection of the traffic itself. Furthermore, it is intended to facilitate verification and assessment of Snort performance (a well-known and widely-used misuse-based IDS), through the visualization of attack patterns. Empirical verification and comparison of the proposed projection methods are performed in a real domain, where two different case studies are defined and analyzed.

Performance of highway bridge abutments supported by spread footings on compacted fill.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-10-01

"Abstract A visual inspection was made of the structural condition of 148 highway bridges supported by spread footings on compacted fill throughout the State of Washington. The approach pavements and other bridge appurtenances were also inspected for...

Eddy-Current Inspection Of Tab Seals On Beverage Cans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bar-Cohen, Yoseph

1994-01-01

Eddy-current inspection system monitors tab seals on beverage cans. Device inspects all cans at usual production rate of 1,500 to 2,000 cans per minute. Automated inspection of all units replaces visual inspection by microscope aided by mass spectrometry. System detects defects in real time. Sealed cans on conveyor pass near one of two coils in differential eddy-current probe. Other coil in differential eddy-current probe positioned near stationary reference can on which tab seal is known to be of acceptable quality. Signal of certain magnitude at output of probe indicates defective can, automatically ejected from conveyor.

Development of an ultrasonic inspection robot using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer for a Lamb wave and an SH-plate wave.

PubMed

Murayama, Riichi; Makiyama, Shunnichi; Kodama, Mitutoshi; Taniguchi, Yasutoshi

2004-04-01

For inspection of a storage tank and pipeline in service, the application of an automatic inspection system (nondestructive inspection robot) is desirable, because manual inspection is difficult to perfectly and exactly perform due to the enormous amount of inspection needed. However, an ultrasonic nondestructive inspection robot with a piezoelectric oscillator needs to touch only the material surface to be directly inspected using a coupling medium. That is, the material surface and the sensor must always be held by constant pressure in the vertical direction on the material side. Actually, it is difficult to overcome these problems; thus an ultrasonic inspection robot could not be widely applied. We then tried to develop an ultrasonic inspection robot with an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) which did not require a coupling medium to inspect the circumferential pipe parts. We developed a special EMAT that could transmit and receive alternately a Lamb wave with high sensitivity and a SH-plate wave without influence by the welded part. The method by which the inspection robot turned around the direction of the steel pipe surroundings was executed by observing the tape pasted in the direction of the steel pipe surroundings with an installed CCD camera. In this report, the basic mechanism of this inspection robot and an examination of results are described.

Single-visit approach of cervical cancer screening: See and Treat in Indonesia

PubMed Central

Vet, J N I; Kooijman, J L; Henderson, F C; Aziz, F M; Purwoto, G; Susanto, H; Surya, I G D; Budiningsih, S; Cornain, S; Fleuren, G J; Trimbos, J B; Peters, A A W

2012-01-01

Background: We performed a cross-sectional study in Indonesia to evaluate the performance of a single-visit approach of cervical cancer screening, using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), histology and cryotherapy in low-resource settings. Methods: Women having limited access to health-care facilities were screened by trained doctors using VIA. If the test was positive, biopsies were taken and when eligible, women were directly treated with cryotherapy. Follow-up was performed with VIA and cytology after 6 months. When cervical cancer was suspected or diagnosed, women were referred. The positivity rate, positive predictive value (PPV) and approximate specificity of the VIA test were calculated. The detection rate for cervical lesions was given. Results: Screening results were completed in 22 040 women, of whom 92.7% had never been screened. Visual inspection with acetic acid was positive in 4.4%. The PPV of VIA to detect CIN I or greater and CIN II or greater was 58.7% and 29.7%, respectively. The approximate specificity was 98.1%, and the detection rate for CIN I or greater was 2.6%. Conclusion: The single-visit approach cervical cancer screening performed well, showing See and Treat is a promising way to reduce cervical cancer in Indonesia. PMID:22850550

Projector-Based Augmented Reality for Quality Inspection of Scanned Objects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kern, J.; Weinmann, M.; Wursthorn, S.

2017-09-01

After scanning or reconstructing the geometry of objects, we need to inspect the result of our work. Are there any parts missing? Is every detail covered in the desired quality? We typically do this by looking at the resulting point clouds or meshes of our objects on-screen. What, if we could see the information directly visualized on the object itself? Augmented reality is the generic term for bringing virtual information into our real environment. In our paper, we show how we can project any 3D information like thematic visualizations or specific monitoring information with reference to our object onto the object's surface itself, thus augmenting it with additional information. For small objects that could for instance be scanned in a laboratory, we propose a low-cost method involving a projector-camera system to solve this task. The user only needs a calibration board with coded fiducial markers to calibrate the system and to estimate the projector's pose later on for projecting textures with information onto the object's surface. Changes within the projected 3D information or of the projector's pose will be applied in real-time. Our results clearly reveal that such a simple setup will deliver a good quality of the augmented information.

Computer-aided diagnosis for classifying benign versus malignant thyroid nodules based on ultrasound images: A comparison with radiologist-based assessments.

PubMed

Chang, Yongjun; Paul, Anjan Kumar; Kim, Namkug; Baek, Jung Hwan; Choi, Young Jun; Ha, Eun Ju; Lee, Kang Dae; Lee, Hyoung Shin; Shin, DaeSeock; Kim, Nakyoung

2016-01-01

To develop a semiautomated computer-aided diagnosis (cad) system for thyroid cancer using two-dimensional ultrasound images that can be used to yield a second opinion in the clinic to differentiate malignant and benign lesions. A total of 118 ultrasound images that included axial and longitudinal images from patients with biopsy-confirmed malignant (n = 30) and benign (n = 29) nodules were collected. Thyroid cad software was developed to extract quantitative features from these images based on thyroid nodule segmentation in which adaptive diffusion flow for active contours was used. Various features, including histogram, intensity differences, elliptical fit, gray-level co-occurrence matrixes, and gray-level run-length matrixes, were evaluated for each region imaged. Based on these imaging features, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to differentiate benign and malignant nodules. Leave-one-out cross-validation with sequential forward feature selection was performed to evaluate the overall accuracy of this method. Additionally, analyses with contingency tables and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to compare the performance of cad with visual inspection by expert radiologists based on established gold standards. Most univariate features for this proposed cad system attained accuracies that ranged from 78.0% to 83.1%. When optimal SVM parameters that were established using a grid search method with features that radiologists use for visual inspection were employed, the authors could attain rates of accuracy that ranged from 72.9% to 84.7%. Using leave-one-out cross-validation results in a multivariate analysis of various features, the highest accuracy achieved using the proposed cad system was 98.3%, whereas visual inspection by radiologists reached 94.9% accuracy. To obtain the highest accuracies, "axial ratio" and "max probability" in axial images were most frequently included in the optimal feature sets for the authors' proposed cad system, while "shape" and "calcification" in longitudinal images were most frequently included in the optimal feature sets for visual inspection by radiologists. The computed areas under curves in the ROC analysis were 0.986 and 0.979 for the proposed cad system and visual inspection by radiologists, respectively; no significant difference was detected between these groups. The use of thyroid cad to differentiate malignant from benign lesions shows accuracy similar to that obtained via visual inspection by radiologists. Thyroid cad might be considered a viable way to generate a second opinion for radiologists in clinical practice.

Computer-aided diagnosis for classifying benign versus malignant thyroid nodules based on ultrasound images: A comparison with radiologist-based assessments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang, Yongjun; Paul, Anjan Kumar; Kim, Namkug, E-mail: namkugkim@gmail.com

Purpose: To develop a semiautomated computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for thyroid cancer using two-dimensional ultrasound images that can be used to yield a second opinion in the clinic to differentiate malignant and benign lesions. Methods: A total of 118 ultrasound images that included axial and longitudinal images from patients with biopsy-confirmed malignant (n = 30) and benign (n = 29) nodules were collected. Thyroid CAD software was developed to extract quantitative features from these images based on thyroid nodule segmentation in which adaptive diffusion flow for active contours was used. Various features, including histogram, intensity differences, elliptical fit, gray-level co-occurrencemore » matrixes, and gray-level run-length matrixes, were evaluated for each region imaged. Based on these imaging features, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to differentiate benign and malignant nodules. Leave-one-out cross-validation with sequential forward feature selection was performed to evaluate the overall accuracy of this method. Additionally, analyses with contingency tables and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to compare the performance of CAD with visual inspection by expert radiologists based on established gold standards. Results: Most univariate features for this proposed CAD system attained accuracies that ranged from 78.0% to 83.1%. When optimal SVM parameters that were established using a grid search method with features that radiologists use for visual inspection were employed, the authors could attain rates of accuracy that ranged from 72.9% to 84.7%. Using leave-one-out cross-validation results in a multivariate analysis of various features, the highest accuracy achieved using the proposed CAD system was 98.3%, whereas visual inspection by radiologists reached 94.9% accuracy. To obtain the highest accuracies, “axial ratio” and “max probability” in axial images were most frequently included in the optimal feature sets for the authors’ proposed CAD system, while “shape” and “calcification” in longitudinal images were most frequently included in the optimal feature sets for visual inspection by radiologists. The computed areas under curves in the ROC analysis were 0.986 and 0.979 for the proposed CAD system and visual inspection by radiologists, respectively; no significant difference was detected between these groups. Conclusions: The use of thyroid CAD to differentiate malignant from benign lesions shows accuracy similar to that obtained via visual inspection by radiologists. Thyroid CAD might be considered a viable way to generate a second opinion for radiologists in clinical practice.« less

Bus Maintenance is a Sound Investment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School Board Journal, 1981

1981-01-01

Preventive school bus maintenance to reduce long-term costs should include daily visual inspections by drivers, frequent checks by mechanics, and comprehensive inspections every 5,000 miles. Mechanics recommend checking tail lights, batteries, brakes, lug nuts, leaf springs, tail pipes, and exhaust pipe hangers. (RW)

30 CFR 56.4201 - Inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention and Control... following schedules: (1) Fire extinguishers shall be inspected visually at least once a month to determine...

30 CFR 57.4201 - Inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Fire Prevention and Control... following schedules: (1) Fire extinguishers shall be inspected visually at least once a month to determine...

Using expert opinion to quantify accuracy and reliability of nondestructive evaluation on bridges : [project brief].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-08-01

Research is currently being conducted to improve bridge inspection practices. One potential : improvement is the use of nondestructive testing equipment to supplement visual inspection. To : consider the costs and benefits of this equipment, data abo...

Final summary report for 1989 inservice inspection (ISI) of SRS (Savannah River Site) 100-P Reactor tank

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morrison, J.M.; Loibl, M.W.

1989-12-15

The integrity of the SRS reactor tanks is a key factor affecting their suitability for continued service since, unlike the external piping system and components, the tanks are virtually irreplaceable. Cracking in various areas of the process water piping systems has occurred beginning in 1960 as a result of several degradation mechanisms, chiefly intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and chloride-induced transgranular cracking. IGSCC, currently the primary degradation mechanism, also occurred in the knuckle'' region (tank wall-to-bottom tube sheet transition piece) unique to C Reactor and was eventually responsible for that reactor being deactivated in 1985. A program of visual examinationsmore » of the SRS reactor tanks was initiated in 1968, which used a specially designed immersible periscope. Under that program the condition of the accessible tank welds and associated heat affected zones (HAZ) was evaluated on a five-year frequency. Prior to 1986, the scope of these inspections comprised approximately 20 percent of the accessible weld area. In late 1986 and early 1987 the scope of the inspections was expanded and a 100 percent visual inspection of accessible welds was performed of the P-, L-, and K-Reactor tanks. Supplemental dye penetrant examinations were performed in L Reactor on selected areas which showed visual indications. No evidence of cracking was detected in any of these inspections of the P-, L-, and K-Reactor tanks. 17 refs., 7 figs.« less

Thermal Protection System Imagery Inspection Management System -TIIMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goza, Sharon; Melendrez, David L.; Henningan, Marsha; LaBasse, Daniel; Smith, Daniel J.

2011-01-01

TIIMS is used during the inspection phases of every mission to provide quick visual feedback, detailed inspection data, and determination to the mission management team. This system consists of a visual Web page interface, an SQL database, and a graphical image generator. These combine to allow a user to ascertain quickly the status of the inspection process, and current determination of any problem zones. The TIIMS system allows inspection engineers to enter their determinations into a database and to link pertinent images and video to those database entries. The database then assigns criteria to each zone and tile, and via query, sends the information to a graphical image generation program. Using the official TIPS database tile positions and sizes, the graphical image generation program creates images of the current status of the orbiter, coloring zones, and tiles based on a predefined key code. These images are then displayed on a Web page using customized JAVA scripts to display the appropriate zone of the orbiter based on the location of the user's cursor. The close-up graphic and database entry for that particular zone can then be seen by selecting the zone. This page contains links into the database to access the images used by the inspection engineer when they make the determination entered into the database. Status for the inspection zones changes as determinations are refined and shown by the appropriate color code.

49 CFR Appendix C to Part 180 - Eddy Current Examination With Visual Inspection for DOT 3AL Cylinders Manufactured of Aluminum...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... examinations. Visual examinations of the neck and shoulder area of the cylinder must be conducted in accordance... with visual examination reveals any crack in the neck or shoulder of 2 thread lengths or more. 6...

49 CFR Appendix C to Part 180 - Eddy Current Examination With Visual Inspection for DOT 3AL Cylinders Manufactured of Aluminum...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... examinations. Visual examinations of the neck and shoulder area of the cylinder must be conducted in accordance... with visual examination reveals any crack in the neck or shoulder of 2 thread lengths or more. 6...

49 CFR Appendix C to Part 180 - Eddy Current Examination With Visual Inspection for DOT 3AL Cylinders Manufactured of Aluminum...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... examinations. Visual examinations of the neck and shoulder area of the cylinder must be conducted in accordance... with visual examination reveals any crack in the neck or shoulder of 2 thread lengths or more. 6...

Estimation of ovular fiber production in cotton

DOEpatents

Van`t Hof, J.

1998-09-01

The present invention is a method for rendering cotton fiber cells that are post-anthesis and pre-harvest available for analysis of their physical properties. The method includes the steps of hydrolyzing cotton fiber cells and separating cotton fiber cells from cotton ovules thereby rendering the cells available for analysis. The analysis of the fiber cells is through any suitable means, e.g., visual inspection. Visual inspection of the cells can be accomplished by placing the cells under an instrument for detection, such as microscope or other means. 4 figs.

Estimation of ovular fiber production in cotton

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Van`t Hof, J.

The present invention is a method for rendering cotton fiber cells that are post-anthesis and pre-harvest available for analysis of their physical properties. The method includes the steps of hydrolyzing cotton fiber cells and separating cotton fiber cells from cotton ovules thereby rendering the cells available for analysis. The analysis of the fiber cells is through any suitable means, e.g., visual inspection. Visual inspection of the cells can be accomplished by placing the cells under an instrument for detection, such as microscope or other means. 4 figs.

KSC-02pd1717

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-11-14

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers on Launch Pad 39A remove Endeavour's oxygen flex hose from the mid-body to inspect it for the source of an oxygen leak. Visual inspection found a deformity in the flex line braid where it connects to rigid tubing. Manual inspection and helium detectors identified the flex hose as the source of the oxygen leak. Work is under way to complete the installation of a replacement.

30 CFR 285.824 - How must I conduct self-inspections?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Section 285.824 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, REGULATION, AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER... months; (2) The type of inspection employed, (i.e., visual, magnetic particle, ultrasonic testing); and...

40 CFR 65.143 - Closed vent systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... storage vessel, process vent, transfer rack, or equipment leaks. (1) Collection of emissions. Each closed... material from a storage vessel, transfer rack or equipment leaks. Inspection records shall be generated as... (B) Conduct annual visual inspections for visible, audible, or olfactory indications of leaks. (ii...

40 CFR 63.7740 - What are my monitoring requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Iron and Steel Foundries Continuous...) Inspect fans for wear, material buildup, and corrosion through quarterly visual inspections, vibration... more automated conveyor and pallet cooling lines and automated shakeout lines at a new iron and steel...

9 CFR 160.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., inspection. Visual study of the physical appearance, physical condition, and behavior of animals (singly or... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 160.1 Section 160.1 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

9 CFR 160.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., inspection. Visual study of the physical appearance, physical condition, and behavior of animals (singly or... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 160.1 Section 160.1 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

9 CFR 160.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., inspection. Visual study of the physical appearance, physical condition, and behavior of animals (singly or... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 160.1 Section 160.1 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE...

Inspection criteria ensure quality control of parallel gap soldering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burka, J. A.

1968-01-01

Investigation of parallel gap soldering of electrical leads resulted in recommendation on material preparation, equipment, process control, and visual inspection criteria to ensure reliable solder joints. The recommendations will minimize problems in heat-dwell time, amount of solder, bridging conductors, and damage of circuitry.

An Automated Classification Technique for Detecting Defects in Battery Cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McDowell, Mark; Gray, Elizabeth

2006-01-01

Battery cell defect classification is primarily done manually by a human conducting a visual inspection to determine if the battery cell is acceptable for a particular use or device. Human visual inspection is a time consuming task when compared to an inspection process conducted by a machine vision system. Human inspection is also subject to human error and fatigue over time. We present a machine vision technique that can be used to automatically identify defective sections of battery cells via a morphological feature-based classifier using an adaptive two-dimensional fast Fourier transformation technique. The initial area of interest is automatically classified as either an anode or cathode cell view as well as classified as an acceptable or a defective battery cell. Each battery cell is labeled and cataloged for comparison and analysis. The result is the implementation of an automated machine vision technique that provides a highly repeatable and reproducible method of identifying and quantifying defects in battery cells.

Evaluating tooth restorations: micro-computed tomography in practical training for students in dentistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deyhle, Hans; Schmidli, Fredy; Krastl, Gabriel; Müller, Bert

2010-09-01

Direct composite fillings belong to widespread tooth restoration techniques in dental medicine. The procedure consists of successive steps, which include etching of the prepared tooth surface, bonding and placement of composite in incrementally built up layers. Durability and lifespan of the composite inlays strongly depend on the accurate completion of the individual steps to be also realized by students in dental medicine. Improper handling or nonconformity in the bonding procedure often lead to air enclosures (bubbles) as well as to significant gaps between the composite layers or at the margins of the restoration. Traditionally one analyzes the quality of the restoration cutting the tooth in an arbitrarily selected plane and inspecting this plane by conventional optical microscopy. Although the precision of this established method is satisfactory, it is restricted to the selected two-dimensional plane. Rather simple micro computed tomography (μCT) systems, such as SkyScan 1174™, allows for the non-destructive three-dimensional imaging of restored teeth ex vivo and virtually cutting the tomographic data in any desired direction, offering a powerful tool for inspection of the restored tooth with micrometer resolution before cutting and thus also to select a two-dimensional plane with potential defects. In order to study the influence of the individual steps on the resulted tooth restoration, direct composite fillings were placed in mod cavities of extracted teeth. After etching, an adhesive was applied in half of the specimens. From the tomographic datasets, it becomes clear that gaps occur more frequently when bonding is omitted. The visualization of air enclosures offers to determine the probability to find a micrometer-sized defect using an arbitrarily selected cutting plane for inspection.

Post-Closure Report for Closed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Units, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada: For Calendar Year 2017, Revision 0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matthews, Patrick; Alvarado, Juan

This report serves as the combined annual report for post-closure activities for the following closed corrective action units (CAUs): CAU 90, Area 2 Bitcutter Containment CAU 91, Area 3 U-3fi Injection Well CAU 92, Area 6 Decon Pond Facility CAU 110, Area 3 WMD U-3ax/bl Crater CAU 111, Area 5 WMD Retired Mixed Waste Pits CAU 112, Area 23 Hazardous Waste Trenches The results of the inspections, a summary of maintenance activities, and an evaluation of monitoring data are presented in this report. Site inspections are conducted annually at CAUs 90, 91, and 112; semiannually at CAUs 92 and 110;more » and quarterly at CAU 111. Additional inspections are conducted at CAU 92 if precipitation occurs in excess of 1.0 inches in a 24-hour period and at CAU 111 if precipitation occurs in excess of 1.0 inch in a 24-hour period. Inspections include an evaluation of the condition of the units, including covers, fences, signs, gates, and locks. At CAU 110, soil moisture monitoring, vegetation evaluations, and subsidence surveys are conducted in addition to the visual inspections. At CAU 111, soil moisture monitoring, vegetation evaluations, subsidence surveys, direct radiation monitoring, air monitoring, radon flux monitoring, and groundwater monitoring are conducted. This report will address all monitoring items notes above except groundwater monitoring. Groundwater monitoring is documented in the Nevada National Security Site Data Report: Groundwater Monitoring Program Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site. All required inspections, maintenance, and monitoring were conducted in accordance with the post-closure requirements of the permit. Revision 4 of Permit NEV HW0101 was issued effective December 10, 2015, and remains in effect until December 10, 2020.« less

pH Mapping on Tooth Surfaces for Quantitative Caries Diagnosis Using Micro Ir/IrOx pH Sensor.

PubMed

Ratanaporncharoen, Chindanai; Tabata, Miyuki; Kitasako, Yuichi; Ikeda, Masaomi; Goda, Tatsuro; Matsumoto, Akira; Tagami, Junji; Miyahara, Yuji

2018-04-03

A quantitative diagnostic method for dental caries would improve oral health, which directly affects the quality of life. Here we describe the preparation and application of Ir/IrOx pH sensors, which are used to measure the surface pH of dental caries. The pH level is used as an indicator to distinguish between active and arrested caries. After a dentist visually inspected and defined 18 extracted dentinal caries at various positions as active or arrested caries, the surface pH values of sound and caries areas were directly measured with an Ir/IrOx pH sensor with a diameter of 300 μm as a dental explorer. The average pH values of the sound root, the arrested caries, and active caries were 6.85, 6.07, and 5.30, respectively. The pH obtained with an Ir/IrOx sensor was highly correlated with the inspection results by the dentist, indicating that the types of caries were successfully categorized. This caries testing technique using a micro Ir/IrOx pH sensor provides an accurate quantitative caries evaluation and has potential in clinical diagnosis.

Visual Tasks and Postural Sway in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Chih-Hui; Wade, Michael G.; Stoffregen, Thomas A.; Hsu, Chin-Yu; Pan, Chien-Yu

2010-01-01

We investigated the influences of two different suprapostural visual tasks, visual searching and visual inspection, on the postural sway of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sixteen ASD children (age=8.75 [plus or minus] 1.34 years; height=130.34 [plus or minus] 11.03 cm) were recruited from a local support group.…

Long-term weathering effects on the thermal performance of the Libbey-Owens-Ford (liquid) solar collector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

Thermal performance tests were conducted on the Libbey-Owens-Ford liquid collector, following long term exposure to natural weathering conditions. Visual inspection of the collector, prior to the retest, indicated noticeable clouding of the inner cover glass, probably resulting from outgassing of the insulation. The absorber plate also showed some discoloration. The test results indicated that performance degradation had occurred at inlet temperatures significantly above ambient. The change in the slope of the efficiency curve, from the original data, is a direct indicator of an increase in the collector heat loss coefficient.

30 CFR 585.824 - How must I conduct self-inspections?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Section 585.824 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Environmental and... inspection employed, (i.e., visual, magnetic particle, ultrasonic testing); and (3) A summary of the...

30 CFR 585.824 - How must I conduct self-inspections?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Section 585.824 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Environmental and... inspection employed, (i.e., visual, magnetic particle, ultrasonic testing); and (3) A summary of the...

30 CFR 585.824 - How must I conduct self-inspections?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Section 585.824 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Environmental and... inspection employed, (i.e., visual, magnetic particle, ultrasonic testing); and (3) A summary of the...

Medical Surveillance Programs for Aircraft Maintenance Personnel Performing Nondestructive Inspection and Testing

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-11-01

visible and fl uorescent inspection techniques, while radiography relies on the individual’s ability to detect subtle differences in contrast either...binocular measurement of visual acuity may better predict a person’s functional capability in the workplace . However, measurement of monocular acuities

Reversible fastener clamp load monitor with continuous visual or remote readout

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hodge, Malcolm H.; Kausel, Theodore C., Jr.; Begley, Matthew R.

1998-03-01

SIMS has developed a simple means for detecting and monitoring both absolute and relative clamp load, or bolt tension, in fastener systems. More than twenty-five percent of automotive failures are known to be due to undetected loss of fastener clamp load. While the equivalent aerospace maintenance statistics are not known, the average automobile has 3,500 fasteners while a Boeing 747 has closer to one million. It is therefore anticipated that the new SensaBolt clamp load tracking system could find wide applications in the aerospace arena. We describe a visually-evident and retrofitted clamp load monitoring design which is based on the differential joint substrate compression at, and immediately adjacent to, the fastener location. This intrinsically-accurate indicator does not necessarily require alteration in either the bolt or nut geometries, thereby facilitating product introduction and retrofit in aging aircraft applications. In addition, SensaBolt's sole reliance on substrate compression renders it more accurate then torque wrench or turn-of-nut techniques. Readout may be accomplished by any of three principal methods: for those applications with ease of access to the sensor, loss of tension can be determined by direct visual inspection. Application of a standard wrench can then be made to restore the fastener's proper tightness, per the SensaBolt indicators. In those instances where line-of-sight is unimpeded and more formal inspection is desired, the SensaBolt may be interrogated by a laser scanner bar code reader. Finally, SensaBolt may be addressed by the SIMS fiber optic harness for those instances where full-time remote interrogation is desired.

KSC-02pd1715

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-11-14

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers on Launch Pad 39A inspect an oxygen flex hose fitting. Through manual inspection and using helium detectors, the flex hose was identified as the source of an oxygen leak in Endeavour's mid-body. Visual inspection found a deformity in the flex line braid where it connects to rigid tubing. The entire flex hose assembly and bulkhead fitting were removed early today, and work is under way to complete the installation of a replacement.

KSC-02pd1714

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-11-14

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers on Launch Pad 39A inspect an oxygen flex hose fitting. Through manual inspection and using helium detectors, the flex hose was identified as the source of an oxygen leak in Endeavour's mid-body. Visual inspection found a deformity in the flex line braid where it connects to rigid tubing. The entire flex hose assembly and bulkhead fitting were removed early today, and work is under way to complete the installation of a replacement.

Consistent Visual Analyses of Intrasubject Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahng, SungWoo; Chung, Kyong-Mee; Gutshall, Katharine; Pitts, Steven C.; Kao, Joyce; Girolami, Kelli

2010-01-01

Visual inspection of single-case data is the primary method of interpretation of the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable in applied behavior analysis. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend the results of DeProspero and Cohen (1979) by reexamining the consistency of visual analysis across raters. We…

Real-time distortion correction for visual inspection systems based on FPGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Danhua; Zhang, Zhaoxia; Chen, Xiaodong; Yu, Daoyin

2008-03-01

Visual inspection is a kind of new technology based on the research of computer vision, which focuses on the measurement of the object's geometry and location. It can be widely used in online measurement, and other real-time measurement process. Because of the defects of the traditional visual inspection, a new visual detection mode -all-digital intelligent acquisition and transmission is presented. The image processing, including filtering, image compression, binarization, edge detection and distortion correction, can be completed in the programmable devices -FPGA. As the wide-field angle lens is adopted in the system, the output images have serious distortion. Limited by the calculating speed of computer, software can only correct the distortion of static images but not the distortion of dynamic images. To reach the real-time need, we design a distortion correction system based on FPGA. The method of hardware distortion correction is that the spatial correction data are calculated first under software circumstance, then converted into the address of hardware storage and stored in the hardware look-up table, through which data can be read out to correct gray level. The major benefit using FPGA is that the same circuit can be used for other circularly symmetric wide-angle lenses without being modified.

The adenosine triphosphate method as a quality control tool to assess 'cleanliness' of frequently touched hospital surfaces.

PubMed

Knape, L; Hambraeus, A; Lytsy, B

2015-10-01

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) method is widely accepted as a quality control method to complement visual assessment, in the specifications of requirements, when purchasing cleaning contractors in Swedish hospitals. To examine whether the amount of biological load, as measured by ATP on frequently touched near-patient surfaces, had been reduced after an intervention; to evaluate the correlation between visual assessment and ATP levels on the same surfaces; to identify aspects of the performance of the ATP method as a tool in evaluating hospital cleanliness. A prospective intervention study in three phases was carried out in a medical ward and an intensive care unit (ICU) at a regional hospital in mid-Sweden between 2012 and 2013. Existing cleaning procedures were defined and baseline tests were sampled by visual inspection and ATP measurements of ten frequently touched surfaces in patients' rooms before and after intervention. The intervention consisted of educating nursing staff about the importance of hospital cleaning and direct feedback of ATP levels before and after cleaning. The mixed model showed a significant decrease in ATP levels after the intervention (P < 0.001). Relative light unit values were lower in the ICU. Cleanliness as judged by visual assessments improved. In the logistic regression analysis, there was a significant association between visual assessments and ATP levels. Direct feedback of ATP levels, together with education and introduction of written cleaning protocols, were effective tools to improve cleanliness. Visual assessment correlated with the level of ATP but the correlation was not absolute. The ATP method could serve as an educational tool for staff, but is not enough to assess hospital cleanliness in general as only a limited part of a large area is covered. Copyright © 2015 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automation in visual inspection tasks: X-ray luggage screening supported by a system of direct, indirect or adaptable cueing with low and high system reliability.

PubMed

Chavaillaz, Alain; Schwaninger, Adrian; Michel, Stefan; Sauer, Juergen

2018-05-25

The present study evaluated three automation modes for improving performance in an X-ray luggage screening task. 140 participants were asked to detect the presence of prohibited items in X-ray images of cabin luggage. Twenty participants conducted this task without automatic support (control group), whereas the others worked with either indirect cues (system indicated the target presence without specifying its location), or direct cues (system pointed out the exact target location) or adaptable automation (participants could freely choose between no cue, direct and indirect cues). Furthermore, automatic support reliability was manipulated (low vs. high). The results showed a clear advantage for direct cues regarding detection performance and response time. No benefits were observed for adaptable automation. Finally, high automation reliability led to better performance and higher operator trust. The findings overall confirmed that automatic support systems for luggage screening should be designed such that they provide direct, highly reliable cues.

10 CFR 36.61 - Inspection and maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... for radioactive contamination in pool water required by § 36.59(b) using a radiation check source, if... emergency source return control required by § 36.31(c). (7) Leak-tightness of systems through which pool water circulates (visual inspection). (8) Operability of the heat and smoke detectors and extinguisher...

24 CFR 92.207 - Eligible administrative and planning costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., inspections, lead-based paint evaluations (visual assessments, inspections, and risk assessments) and other... amount of HOME funds that is not more than ten percent of the sum of the Fiscal Year HOME basic formula... and maintenance (but not purchase) of office space; and (5) Costs of administering tenant-based rental...

7 CFR 319.56-64 - Avocados from continental Spain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... plastic tarpaulin while in transit to the packinghouse and while awaiting packing. (e) Packinghouse... mesh or a plastic tarpaulin, for transport to the United States. These safeguards must remain intact... by APHIS. Inspectors must visually inspect the fruit and cut a portion of the fruit to inspect for C...

77 FR 29454 - Application for Special Permits

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-17

...'' portion of the table below as follows: 1--Motor vehicle, 2--Rail freight, 3--Cargo vessel, 4--Cargo... available for inspection in the Records Center, East Building, PHH-30, 1200 New Jersey Avenue Southeast... below in place of the internal visual inspection and the hydrostatic retest required in Sec. 180.205...

Wood Condition Assessment Manual: Second Edition

Treesearch

Robert J. Ross; Robert H. White

2014-01-01

This report summarizes information on condition assessment of in-service wood, including visual inspection of wood and timbers, use of ultrasound and probing/boring techniques for inspection, and assessment of wood and timbers that have been exposed to fire. The report also includes information on assigning allowable design values for in-service wood.

Use of robotics for nondestructive inspection of steel highway bridges and structures : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

This report presents the results of a project to finalize and apply a crawling robotic system for the remote visual inspection of high-mast light poles. The first part of the project focused on finalizing the prototype crawler robot hardware and cont...

Automatic welding of stainless steel tubing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clautice, W. E.

1978-01-01

The use of automatic welding for making girth welds in stainless steel tubing was investigated as well as the reduction in fabrication costs resulting from the elimination of radiographic inspection. Test methodology, materials, and techniques are discussed, and data sheets for individual tests are included. Process variables studied include welding amperes, revolutions per minute, and shielding gas flow. Strip chart recordings, as a definitive method of insuring weld quality, are studied. Test results, determined by both radiographic and visual inspection, are presented and indicate that once optimum welding procedures for specific sizes of tubing are established, and the welding machine operations are certified, then the automatic tube welding process produces good quality welds repeatedly, with a high degree of reliability. Revised specifications for welding tubing using the automatic process and weld visual inspection requirements at the Kennedy Space Center are enumerated.

Program for establishing long-time flight service performance of composite materials in the center wing structure of C-130 aircraft. Phase 5: Flight service and inspection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kizer, J. A.

1981-01-01

Inspections of the C-130 composite-reinforced center wings were conducted over the flight service monitoring period of more than six years. Twelve inspections were conducted on each of the two C-130H airplanes having composite reinforced center wing boxes. Each inspection consisted of visual and ultrasonic inspection of the selective boron-epoxy reinforced center wings which included the inspection of the boron-epoxy laminates and the boron-epoxy reinforcement/aluminum structure adhesive bondlines. During the flight service monitoring period, the two C-130H aircraft accumulated more than 10,000 flight hours and no defects were detected in the inspections over this period. The successful performance of the C-130H aircraft with composite-reinforced center wings allowed the transfer of the responsibilities of inspecting and maintaining these two aircraft to the U. S. Air Force.

Remote surface inspection system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayati, S.; Balaram, J.; Seraji, H.; Kim, W. S.; Tso, K.; Prasad, V.

1993-02-01

This paper reports on an on-going research and development effort in remote surface inspection of space platforms such as the Space Station Freedom (SSF). It describes the space environment and identifies the types of damage for which to search. This paper provides an overview of the Remote Surface Inspection System that was developed to conduct proof-of-concept demonstrations and to perform experiments in a laboratory environment. Specifically, the paper describes three technology areas: (1) manipulator control for sensor placement; (2) automated non-contact inspection to detect and classify flaws; and (3) an operator interface to command the system interactively and receive raw or processed sensor data. Initial findings for the automated and human visual inspection tests are reported.

Remote surface inspection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hayati, S.; Balaram, J.; Seraji, H.; Kim, W. S.; Tso, K.; Prasad, V.

1993-01-01

This paper reports on an on-going research and development effort in remote surface inspection of space platforms such as the Space Station Freedom (SSF). It describes the space environment and identifies the types of damage for which to search. This paper provides an overview of the Remote Surface Inspection System that was developed to conduct proof-of-concept demonstrations and to perform experiments in a laboratory environment. Specifically, the paper describes three technology areas: (1) manipulator control for sensor placement; (2) automated non-contact inspection to detect and classify flaws; and (3) an operator interface to command the system interactively and receive raw or processed sensor data. Initial findings for the automated and human visual inspection tests are reported.

[A report on the inspection of the Shinkansen Multiple Inspection Train].

PubMed

Niijima, Kuniyuki; Enta, Kazuhiko; Sashihara, Shunsuke

2003-03-01

The multiple inspection train nicknamed "Doctor Yellow" is capable of taking necessary measurements of the track and electrical facilities, and maintains the safety and reliability of the Tokaido Shinkansen corridor. We performed a workplace inspection to examine environmental conditions in this train. The workers were engaged in VDT (visual display terminal) work including the inspection task. The labor environments such as vibration, noise, temperature and lighting, were comfortable. However, some of the working conditions while the Bullet train is running are inevitably restricted. The occupational physicians of the Central Japan Railway Company are expected to play important roles in providing effective health management for the employees under the characteristic work environments on the railroad.

STS-113 workers work on oxygen leak in Endeavor's mid-body

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers on Launch Pad 39A remove Endeavour?s oxygen flex hose from the mid-body to inspect it for the source of an oxygen leak. Visual inspection found a deformity in the flex line braid where it connects to rigid tubing. Manual inspection and helium detectors identified the flex hose as the source of the oxygen leak. Work is under way to complete the installation of a replacement.

Obstacle negotiation control for a mobile robot suspended on overhead ground wires by optoelectronic sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Li; Yi, Ruan

2009-11-01

Power line inspection and maintenance already benefit from developments in mobile robotics. This paper presents mobile robots capable of crossing obstacles on overhead ground wires. A teleoperated robot realizes inspection and maintenance tasks on power transmission line equipment. The inspection robot is driven by 11 motor with two arms, two wheels and two claws. The inspection robot is designed to realize the function of observation, grasp, walk, rolling, turn, rise, and decline. This paper is oriented toward 100% reliable obstacle detection and identification, and sensor fusion to increase the autonomy level. An embedded computer based on PC/104 bus is chosen as the core of control system. Visible light camera and thermal infrared Camera are both installed in a programmable pan-and-tilt camera (PPTC) unit. High-quality visual feedback rapidly becomes crucial for human-in-the-loop control and effective teleoperation. The communication system between the robot and the ground station is based on Mesh wireless networks by 700 MHz bands. An expert system programmed with Visual C++ is developed to implement the automatic control. Optoelectronic laser sensors and laser range scanner were installed in robot for obstacle-navigation control to grasp the overhead ground wires. A novel prototype with careful considerations on mobility was designed to inspect the 500KV power transmission lines. Results of experiments demonstrate that the robot can be applied to execute the navigation and inspection tasks.

Digital photography in skin cancer screening by mobile units in remote areas of Brazil.

PubMed

Silveira, Carlos Eduardo Goulart; Silva, Thiago Buosi; Fregnani, José Humberto Guerreiro Tavares; da Costa Vieira, René Aloisio; Haikel, Raphael Luiz; Syrjänen, Kari; Carvalho, André Lopes; Mauad, Edmundo Carvalho

2014-12-24

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most common neoplasms in the world. Despite the low mortality rates, NMSC can still cause severe sequelae when diagnosed at advanced stages. Malignant melanoma, the third most common type of skin cancer, has more aggressive behavior and a worse prognosis. Teledermatology provides a new tool for monitoring skin cancer, especially in countries with a large area and unequal population distribution. This study sought to evaluate the performance of digital photography in skin cancer diagnosis in remote areas of Brazil. A physician in a Mobile Prevention Unit (MPU) took four hundred sixteen digital images of suspicious lesions between April 2010 and July 2011. All of the photographs were electronically sent to two oncologists at Barretos Cancer Hospital who blindly evaluated the images and provided a diagnosis (benign or malignant). The absolute agreement rates between the diagnoses made by direct visual inspection (by the MPU physician) and through the use of digital imaging (by the two oncologists) were calculated. The oncologists' accuracy in predicting skin cancer using digital imaging was assessed by means of overall accuracy (correct classification rate), sensitivity, specificity and predictive value (positive and negative). A skin biopsy was considered the gold standard. Oncologist #1 classified 59 lesions as benign with the digital images, while oncologist #2 classified 27 lesions as benign using the same images. The absolute agreement rates with direct visual inspection were 85.8% for oncologist #1 (95% CI: 77.1-95.2) and 93.5% for oncologist #2 (95% CI: 84.5-100.0). The overall accuracy of the two oncologists did not differ significantly. Given the high sensitivity and PPV, Teledermatology seems to be a suitable tool for skin cancer screening by MPU in remote areas of Brazil.

Assessment of mesh simplification algorithm quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Michael; Nicolier, Frederic; Foufou, S.; Truchetet, Frederic; Koschan, Andreas; Abidi, Mongi A.

2002-03-01

Traditionally, medical geneticists have employed visual inspection (anthroposcopy) to clinically evaluate dysmorphology. In the last 20 years, there has been an increasing trend towards quantitative assessment to render diagnosis of anomalies more objective and reliable. These methods have focused on direct anthropometry, using a combination of classical physical anthropology tools and new instruments tailor-made to describe craniofacial morphometry. These methods are painstaking and require that the patient remain still for extended periods of time. Most recently, semiautomated techniques (e.g., structured light scanning) have been developed to capture the geometry of the face in a matter of seconds. In this paper, we establish that direct anthropometry and structured light scanning yield reliable measurements, with remarkably high levels of inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, as well as validity (contrasting the two methods).

78 FR 9 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-02

... AD adds repetitive inspections for cracking using different inspection methods and inspecting... cracking using different inspection methods and would inspect additional areas, and corrective actions if... an acceptable method for accomplishing the inspections in areas covered by non-terminating repairs as...

49 CFR 213.365 - Visual inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... made on foot or by riding over the track in a vehicle at a speed that allows the person making the... over track crossings and turnouts, otherwise, the inspection vehicle speed shall be at the sole... unobstructed by any cause and that the second track is not centered more than 30 feet from the track upon which...

49 CFR 213.365 - Visual inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... made on foot or by riding over the track in a vehicle at a speed that allows the person making the... over track crossings and turnouts, otherwise, the inspection vehicle speed shall be at the sole... unobstructed by any cause and that the second track is not centered more than 30 feet from the track upon which...

Material inspection of EURECA first findings and recommendations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaneesbeek, Marc; Froggatt, Michael; Gourmelon, Georges

1995-01-01

This paper gives the first results of the Post flight materials investigation on the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) after a stay of 11 months in LEO. The paper will concentrate on the first findings after the visual inspection performed at KSC and Astrotech and give some general design recommendations for potential future Carrier flights.

Three integrated projects to enhance non-contact rail inspection technology for application to substructure health evaluation on both rail and road bridges : final project report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

Causing loss of use and sometimes life, bridge collapses are always high profile and hit many wallets. The economic benefits of condition-based maintenance are well established, including reduced visual inspection and potentially longer structural li...

40 CFR 63.1017 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Recordkeeping requirements. 63.1017... inspections as specified in § 63.1007(b)(4). (ii) Documentation of dual mechanical seal pump visual inspections as specified in § 63.1007(e)(1)(v). (iii) For the criteria as to the presence and frequency of...

33 CFR 157.155 - COW operations: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... COW machine mounted to or close to the bottom of each cargo tank is verified by: (i) A visual inspection of a means located outside of the cargo tank that indicates movement of the machine during COW... water as the fluid flowing through the machine; (5) During the audio inspection under paragraph (a)(4...

33 CFR 157.155 - COW operations: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... COW machine mounted to or close to the bottom of each cargo tank is verified by: (i) A visual inspection of a means located outside of the cargo tank that indicates movement of the machine during COW... water as the fluid flowing through the machine; (5) During the audio inspection under paragraph (a)(4...

33 CFR 157.155 - COW operations: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... COW machine mounted to or close to the bottom of each cargo tank is verified by: (i) A visual inspection of a means located outside of the cargo tank that indicates movement of the machine during COW... water as the fluid flowing through the machine; (5) During the audio inspection under paragraph (a)(4...

33 CFR 157.155 - COW operations: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... COW machine mounted to or close to the bottom of each cargo tank is verified by: (i) A visual inspection of a means located outside of the cargo tank that indicates movement of the machine during COW... water as the fluid flowing through the machine; (5) During the audio inspection under paragraph (a)(4...

Evaluating technology for marine inspectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, Kurt A.

1996-11-01

The Coast Guard is responsible for the safety of thousands of vessels which carry passengers and cargo throughout the US. The Research and Development Center has had several projects with the objective of identifying advanced technologies that can increase the safety and efficiency of vessel inspections, especially structural surveys. The aim is to find technologies which will increase inspection coverage while still providing a complete and accurate condition of the vessel. One project focused on the basic technology items such as improved lighting, improved monitors to determine air quality, and use of visual enhancements such as binoculars and night-vision equipment which the inspectors could use directly. It continued on to more advanced nondestructive and visual methodologies which may not find the actual damage, but will indicate the most likely location to the inspector. These included magnetic climbers, robotics, advanced video camera systems and fiber- optic videoscopes, laser ultrasonics and climbing inspectors which utilize mountaineering techniques. Most of these advanced methods are more likely to be used by independent surveyors, classification societies or others hired by the vessel owners and operators. The Coast Guard needs to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques to ensure the reliability of the information received and to bring some of the technology to the attention of owners and operators. Another project begun this year is investigating the nondestructive evaluation of metal fasteners in wooden boats. This paper provides an overview of these projects.

[Comparison of the diagnostic utility from visual inspection with acetic acid and cervical cytology].

PubMed

Velázquez-Hernández, Nadia; Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco; Lares-Bayona, Edgar Felipe; Cisneros-Pérez, Vicente; Milla-Villeda, Reinaldo Humberto; Arreola-Herrera, Francisco de Asís; Navarrete-Flores, José Antonio; Aguilar-Durán, Maricela; Núñez-Márquez, Teresita; Rueda-Cisneros, Dora Alicia

2010-05-01

In Mexico, cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women after breast cancer. The human papillomavirus is associated with intraepithelial lesions, detected up to 99.7% of cervical carcinomas. Despite being easy to detect is a condition that many women suffer. To determine the diagnostic utility of the visual inspection with acetic acid of the uterine cervix compared with the cervical cytology. Study of diagnostic tests. The study was realized in the Centro de Atención Materno Infantil y Planificación Familiar of the Instituto de Investigación Científica, Durango, Mexico, research of the Juárez University of the State of Durango, from August 23, 2005 to November 13, 2006. 1,521 participants were examined who went consecutively to opportune detection of cervical cancer. One doctor practiced the test of acetic acid and cervical cytology to them, and one digital photograph, which was evaluated by three inter-observers triple blind. Those that was positive to anyone of these tests, were remitted to colposcopy and/or biopsy; also to 10% of selected negative population randomly was realized this procedure. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and exactitude were determined. For the agreement inter-observer index of Kappa was used. Sensitivity, specificity, values predictive positive, negative and exactitude for the visual inspection with acetic acid were 20, 97, 5 and 99%, respectively. For the cervical cytology were of 80, 99, 57 and 99%, respectively. The force of agreement between the interobservant was poor. In this study cervical cytology was more useful than visual inspection with acetic acid to detect dysplasias or cervical cancer opportunely, due to detect all the positive true cases confirmed by biopsy.

Comparing visual inspection, aerobic colony counts, and adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay for evaluating surface cleanliness at a medical center.

PubMed

Huang, Yu-Shan; Chen, Yee-Chun; Chen, Mei-Ling; Cheng, Aristine; Hung, I-Chen; Wang, Jann-Tay; Sheng, Wang-Huei; Chang, Shan-Chwen

2015-08-01

Environmental cleaning is essential in reducing microbial colonization and health care-associated infections in hospitals. However, there is no consensus for the standard method to assess hospital cleanliness, and comparisons of newer methodology, such as adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay, with the traditional methods are limited. A prospective study was conducted at a medical center between January 2013 and August 2013. In each selected room, 10-12 high-touch surfaces were sampled before and after terminal cleaning. The adequacy of cleaning was evaluated by visual inspection, aerobic colony counts (ACCs), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay. Eighty-five environmental surfaces from 8 rooms were evaluated by all 3 methods. The overall inadequacy defined by visual inspection, ACC, and ATP level was 11.8%, 20.0%, and 50.6% before cleaning and 4.7%, 5.9%, 21.2% after cleaning, respectively. A correlation between the ACC and ATP was found (r = 0.285, P < .001) using log10 values. Using ACCs <2.5 colony forming units/cm(2) as the cutoff for cleanliness, the ATP assay had better sensitivity than visual inspection (63.6% vs 27.3%). The receiver operating characteristics of the ATP assay indicated that the optimal ATP cutoff value was estimated to be 5.57 relative light units/cm(2). ATP bioluminescence assay is a sensitive and rapid tool in evaluating the quality of terminal cleaning. We emphasize the value of using a quantitative method to monitor environmental cleaning at hospitals. Copyright © 2015 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Remote Handled WIPP Canisters at Los Alamos National Laboratory Characterized for Retrieval

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Griffin, J.; Gonzales, W.

2007-07-01

The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is pursuing retrieval, transportation, and disposal of 16 remote handled transuranic waste canisters stored below ground in shafts since 1994. These canisters were retrievably stored in the shafts to await Nuclear Regulatory Commission certification of the Model Number RH-TRU 72B transportation cask and authorization of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) to accept the canisters for disposal. Retrieval planning included radiological characterization and visual inspection of the canisters to confirm historical records, verify container integrity, determine proper personnel protection for the retrieval operations, provide radiological dose and exposure rate data for retrieval operations, andmore » to provide exterior radiological contamination data. The radiological characterization and visual inspection of the canisters was performed in May 2006. The effort required the development of remote techniques and equipment due to the potential for personnel exposure to radiological doses approaching 300 R/hr. Innovations included the use of two nested 1.5 meter (m) (5-feet [ft]) long concrete culvert pipes (1.1-m [42 inch (in.)] and 1.5-m [60-in] diameter, respectively) as radiological shielding and collapsible electrostatic dusting wands to collect radiological swipe samples from the annular space between the canister and shaft wall. Visual inspection indicated that the canisters are in good condition with little or no rust, the welded seams are intact, and ten of the canisters include hydrogen gas sampling equipment on the pintle that will have to be removed prior to retrieval. The visual inspection also provided six canister identification numbers that matched historical storage records. The exterior radiological data indicated alpha and beta contamination below LANL release criteria and radiological dose and exposure rates lower than expected based upon historical data and modeling of the canister contents. (authors)« less

Post-Closure Inspection Report for the Tonopah Test Range, Nevada: For Calendar Year 2017, Revision 0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alvarado, Juan; Matthews, Patrick

This report provides the results of the annual post-closure inspections conducted at the closed corrective action units (CAUs) located on the Tonopah Test Range (TTR) and the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR). This report covers calendar year 2017 and includes visual inspection and repair activities completed at the following CAUs: CAU 400: Bomblet Pit and Five Points Landfill (TTR) CAU 407: Roller Coaster RadSafe Area (TTR) CAU 424: Area 3 Landfill Complexes (TTR) CAU 453: Area 9 UXO Landfill (TTR) CAU 487: Thunderwell Site (TTR) Visual inspections were conducted according to the post-closure plans in the approved closure reportsmore » and subsequent correspondence with the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection. The annual post-closure inspections were conducted on May 23, 2017. No maintenance or repair issues were noted at CAU 400 and CAU 487. Maintenance items and subsequent repairs include the following: CAU 407: A large animal burrow was observed in the southeast corner of the cover during the inspection. Two additional animal burrows were discovered during repair actions. All cover defects were repaired on January 9, 2018. CAU 424: CAS 03-08-002-A304 (Landfill Cell A3-4): A new monument was installed and the subsidence area was repaired on January 9, 2018. CAU 424: CAS 03-08-002-A308 (Landfill Cell A3-8): Lava rock, used to mark the two eastern monument locations, was noted as missing during the inspection. The lava rock was replaced on January 9, 2018. CAU 453: Five large animal burrows, located near the east–central portion of cover, was noted during the inspection. Eight additional animal burrows were discovered during repair actions. All cover defects were repaired on January 9, 2018.« less

Structural analysis and evaluation of actual PC bridge using 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-band linacs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takeuchi, H.; Yano, R.; Ozawa, I.; Mitsuya, Y.; Dobashi, K.; Uesaka, M.; Kusano, J.; Oshima, Y.; Ishida, M.

2017-07-01

In Japan, bridges constructed during the strong economic growth era are facing an aging problem and advanced maintenance methods have become strongly required recently. To meet this demand, we develop the on-site inspection system using 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-band (9.3 GHz) linac X-ray sources. These systems can visualize in seconds the inner states of bridges, including cracks of concrete, location and state of tendons (wires) and other imperfections. At the on-site inspections, 950 keV linac exhibited sufficient performance. But, for thicker concrete, it is difficult to visualize the internal state by 950 keV linac. Therefore, we proceeded the installation of 3.95 MeV linac for on-site bridge inspection. In addition, for accurate evaluation, verification on the parallel motion CT technique and FEM analysis are in progress.

ANSI/AIAA S-081A, Pressure Vessel Standards Implementation Guidelines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greene, Nathanael J.

2009-01-01

The stress rupture specification for Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPV) is discussed. The composite shell of the COPV shall be designed to meet the design life considering the time it is under sustained load. A Mechcanical Damage Control Plan (MDCP) shall be created and implemented that assures the COPV will not fail due to mechanical damage due to manufacturing, testing, shipping, installation, or flight. Proven processes and procedures for fabrication and repair shall be used to preclude damage or material degradation during material processing, manufacturing operations, and refurbushment.Selected NDI techniques for the liner and/or boss(es) shall be performed before overwrapping with composite. When visual inspection reveals mechanical damage or defects exceeding manufacturing specification levels (and standard repair procedures), the damaged COPV shall be submitted to a material review board (MRB) for disposition. Every COPV shall be subjected to visual and other non-destructive inspection (NDI), per the inspection plan.

National Dam Safety Program. Lake Muskoday Dam (Inventory Number N.Y. 341) Delaware River Basin, Sullivan County, New York. Phase I Inspection Report,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-14

DACW-51-81-C-0006 . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT PROJECT. TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS ~ Flaherty-Giauara Associates...olie It neceary and Idontily b block number) Dam Safety National Dam Safety Program Visual Inspection Lake Muskoday Dam Hydrology, Structural Stability...DELAWARE RIVER BASIN LAKE MUSKODAY DAM SULLIVAN COUNTY, NEW YORK INVENTORY No.NY341 PHASE I INSPECTION REPORT NATIONAL DAM SAFETY PROGRAM J T C NEW YORK

STS-113 workers work on oxygen leak in Endeavor's mid-body

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers on Launch Pad 39A inspect an oxygen flex hose fitting. Through manual inspection and using helium detectors, the flex hose was identified as the source of an oxygen leak in Endeavour's mid-body. Visual inspection found a deformity in the flex line braid where it connects to rigid tubing. The entire flex hose assembly and bulkhead fitting were removed early today, and work is under way to complete the installation of a replacement.

Non-destructive inspection protocol for reinforced concrete barriers and bridge railings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chintakunta, Satish R.; Boone, Shane D.

2014-02-01

Reinforced concrete highway barriers and bridge railings serve to prevent errant vehicles from departing the travel way at grade separations. Despite the important role that they play in maintaining safety and their ubiquitous nature, barrier inspection rarely moves beyond visual inspection. In August 2008, a tractor-trailer fatally departed William Preston Lane, Jr. Memorial Bridge after it dislodged a section of the bridge barrier. Investigations following the accident identified significant corrosion of the anchor bolts attaching the bridge railing to the bridge deck. As a result of the information gathered during its investigation of the accident, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) made recommendations to the Federal Highway Administration concerning Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of concrete bridge railings. The Center for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) at Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, VA is currently evaluating feasibility of using four technologies - ground penetrating radar (GPR), ultrasonic pulse-echo, digital radiography and infrared thermal imaging methods to develop bridge inspection methods that augment visual inspections, offer reliable measurement techniques, and are practical, both in terms of time and cost, for field inspection work. Controlled samples containing predefined corrosion levels in reinforcing steel were embedded at barrier connection points for laboratory testing. All four NDE techniques were used in the initial phase I testing. An inspection protocol for detecting and measuring the corrosion of reinforced steel embedded in the anchorage system will be developed as part of phase II research. The identified technologies shall be further developed for field testing utilizing a structure with a barrier in good condition and a structure with a barrier in poor condition.

Computerized EEG analysis for studying the effect of drugs on the central nervous system.

PubMed

Rosadini, G; Cavazza, B; Rodriguez, G; Sannita, W G; Siccardi, A

1977-11-01

Samples of our experience in quantitative pharmaco-EEG are reviewed to discuss and define its applicability and limits. Simple processing systems, such as the computation of Hjorth's descriptors, are useful for on-line monitoring of drug-induced EEG modifications which are evident also at the visual visual analysis. Power spectral analysis is suitable to identify and quantify EEG effects not evident at the visual inspection. It demonstrated how the EEG effects of compounds in a long-acting formulation vary according to the sampling time and the explored cerebral area. EEG modifications not detected by power spectral analysis can be defined by comparing statistically (F test) the spectral values of the EEG from a single lead at the different samples (longitudinal comparison), or the spectral values from different leads at any sample (intrahemispheric comparison). The presently available procedures of quantitative pharmaco-EEG are effective when applied to the study of mutltilead EEG recordings in a statistically significant sample of population. They do not seem reliable in the monitoring of directing of neuropyschiatric therapies in single patients, due to individual variability of drug effects.

Inspection of thick welded joints using laser-ultrasonic SAFT.

PubMed

Lévesque, D; Asaumi, Y; Lord, M; Bescond, C; Hatanaka, H; Tagami, M; Monchalin, J-P

2016-07-01

The detection of defects in thick butt joints in the early phase of multi-pass arc welding would be very valuable to reduce cost and time in the necessity of reworking. As a non-contact method, the laser-ultrasonic technique (LUT) has the potential for the automated inspection of welds, ultimately online during manufacturing. In this study, testing has been carried out using LUT combined with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) on 25 and 50mm thick butt welded joints of steel both completed and partially welded. EDM slits of 2 or 3mm height were inserted at different depths in the multi-pass welding process to simulate a lack of fusion. Line scans transverse to the weld are performed with the generation and detection laser spots superimposed directly on the surface of the weld bead. A CCD line camera is used to simultaneously acquire the surface profile for correction in the SAFT processing. All artificial defects but also real defects are visualized in the investigated thick butt weld specimens, either completed or partially welded after a given number of passes. The results obtained clearly show the potential of using the LUT with SAFT for the automated inspection of arc welds or hybrid laser-arc welds during manufacturing. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Remote surface inspection system. [of large space platforms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hayati, Samad; Balaram, J.; Seraji, Homayoun; Kim, Won S.; Tso, Kam S.

1993-01-01

This paper reports on an on-going research and development effort in remote surface inspection of space platforms such as the Space Station Freedom (SSF). It describes the space environment and identifies the types of damage for which to search. This paper provides an overview of the Remote Surface Inspection System that was developed to conduct proof-of-concept demonstrations and to perform experiments in a laboratory environment. Specifically, the paper describes three technology areas: (1) manipulator control for sensor placement; (2) automated non-contact inspection to detect and classify flaws; and (3) an operator interface to command the system interactively and receive raw or processed sensor data. Initial findings for the automated and human visual inspection tests are reported.

Soft X-ray Foucault test: A path to diffraction-limited imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ray-Chaudhuri, A. K.; Ng, W.; Liang, S.; Cerrina, F.

1994-08-01

We present the development of a soft X-ray Foucault test capable of characterizing the imaging properties of a soft X-ray optical system at its operational wavelength and its operational configuration. This optical test enables direct visual inspection of imaging aberrations and provides real-time feedback for the alignment of high resolution soft X-ray optical systems. A first application of this optical test was carried out on a Mo-Si multilayer-coated Schwarzschild objective as part of the MAXIMUM project. Results from the alignment procedure are presented as well as the possibility for testing in the hard X-ray regime.

Laser Capture Microdissection in the Genomic and Proteomic Era: Targeting the Genetic Basis of Cancer

PubMed Central

Domazet, Barbara; MacLennan, Gregory T.; Lopez-Beltran, Antonio; Montironi, Rodolfo; Cheng, Liang

2008-01-01

The advent of new technologies has enabled deeper insight into processes atsubcellular levels, which will ultimately improve diagnostic procedures and patient outcome. Thanks to cell enrichment methods, it is now possible to study cells in their native environment. This has greatly contributed to a rapid growth in several areas, such as gene expression analysis, proteomics, and metabolonomics. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) as a method of procuring subpopulations of cells under direct visual inspection is playing an important role in these areas. This review provides an overview of existing LCM technology and its downstream applications in genomics, proteomics, diagnostics and therapy. PMID:18787684

Laser capture microdissection in the genomic and proteomic era: targeting the genetic basis of cancer.

PubMed

Domazet, Barbara; Maclennan, Gregory T; Lopez-Beltran, Antonio; Montironi, Rodolfo; Cheng, Liang

2008-03-15

The advent of new technologies has enabled deeper insight into processes at subcellular levels, which will ultimately improve diagnostic procedures and patient outcome. Thanks to cell enrichment methods, it is now possible to study cells in their native environment. This has greatly contributed to a rapid growth in several areas, such as gene expression analysis, proteomics, and metabolonomics. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) as a method of procuring subpopulations of cells under direct visual inspection is playing an important role in these areas. This review provides an overview of existing LCM technology and its downstream applications in genomics, proteomics, diagnostics and therapy.

3-D interactive visualisation tools for Hi spectral line imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Hulst, J. M.; Punzo, D.; Roerdink, J. B. T. M.

2017-06-01

Upcoming HI surveys will deliver such large datasets that automated processing using the full 3-D information to find and characterize HI objects is unavoidable. Full 3-D visualization is an essential tool for enabling qualitative and quantitative inspection and analysis of the 3-D data, which is often complex in nature. Here we present SlicerAstro, an open-source extension of 3DSlicer, a multi-platform open source software package for visualization and medical image processing, which we developed for the inspection and analysis of HI spectral line data. We describe its initial capabilities, including 3-D filtering, 3-D selection and comparative modelling.

EAPhy: A Flexible Tool for High-throughput Quality Filtering of Exon-alignments and Data Processing for Phylogenetic Methods.

PubMed

Blom, Mozes P K

2015-08-05

Recently developed molecular methods enable geneticists to target and sequence thousands of orthologous loci and infer evolutionary relationships across the tree of life. Large numbers of genetic markers benefit species tree inference but visual inspection of alignment quality, as traditionally conducted, is challenging with thousands of loci. Furthermore, due to the impracticality of repeated visual inspection with alternative filtering criteria, the potential consequences of using datasets with different degrees of missing data remain nominally explored in most empirical phylogenomic studies. In this short communication, I describe a flexible high-throughput pipeline designed to assess alignment quality and filter exonic sequence data for subsequent inference. The stringency criteria for alignment quality and missing data can be adapted based on the expected level of sequence divergence. Each alignment is automatically evaluated based on the stringency criteria specified, significantly reducing the number of alignments that require visual inspection. By developing a rapid method for alignment filtering and quality assessment, the consistency of phylogenetic estimation based on exonic sequence alignments can be further explored across distinct inference methods, while accounting for different degrees of missing data.

Low-cost technology for screening uterine cervical cancer.

PubMed Central

Parashari, A.; Singh, V.; Sehgal, A.; Satyanarayana, L.; Sodhani, P.; Gupta, M. M.

2000-01-01

We report on an illuminated, low-cost (Rs 1500 (US$ 36)) magnifying device (Magnivisualizer) for detecting precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix. A total of 403 women attending a maternal and child health care clinic who had abnormal vaginal discharge and related symptoms were referred for detailed pelvic examination and visual inspection by means of the device after the application of 5% (v/v) acetic acid. Pap smears were obtained at the same time. The results were compared with those obtained using colposcopy and/or histology. The Magnivisualizer improved the detection rate of early cancerous lesions from 60%, for unaided visual inspection, to 95%. It also permitted detection of 58% of cases of low-grade dysplasia and 83% of cases of high-grade dysplasia; none of these cases were detectable by unaided visual inspection. For low-grade dysplasia the sensitivity of detection by means of the Magnivisualizer was 57.5%, in contrast with 75.3% for cytological examination. However, the two methodologies had similar sensitivities for higher grades of lesions. The specificity of screening with the Magnivisualizer was 94.3%, while that of cytology was 99%. The cost per screening was approximately US$ 0.55 for the Magnivisualizer and US$ 1.10 for cytology. PMID:10994279

Assessment of disinfection of hospital surfaces using different monitoring methods1

PubMed Central

Ferreira, Adriano Menis; de Andrade, Denise; Rigotti, Marcelo Alessandro; de Almeida, Margarete Teresa Gottardo; Guerra, Odanir Garcia; dos Santos, Aires Garcia

2015-01-01

OBJECTIVE: to assess the efficiency of cleaning/disinfection of surfaces of an Intensive Care Unit. METHOD: descriptive-exploratory study with quantitative approach conducted over the course of four weeks. Visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological indicators were used to indicate cleanliness/disinfection. Five surfaces (bed rails, bedside tables, infusion pumps, nurses' counter, and medical prescription table) were assessed before and after the use of rubbing alcohol at 70% (w/v), totaling 160 samples for each method. Non-parametric tests were used considering statistically significant differences at p<0.05. RESULTS: after the cleaning/disinfection process, 87.5, 79.4 and 87.5% of the surfaces were considered clean using the visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological analyses, respectively. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the disapproval rates after the cleaning process considering the three assessment methods; the visual inspection was the least reliable. CONCLUSION: the cleaning/disinfection method was efficient in reducing microbial load and organic matter of surfaces, however, these findings require further study to clarify aspects related to the efficiency of friction, its frequency, and whether or not there is association with other inputs to achieve improved results of the cleaning/disinfection process. PMID:26312634

Assessment of disinfection of hospital surfaces using different monitoring methods.

PubMed

Ferreira, Adriano Menis; de Andrade, Denise; Rigotti, Marcelo Alessandro; de Almeida, Margarete Teresa Gottardo; Guerra, Odanir Garcia; dos Santos Junior, Aires Garcia

2015-01-01

to assess the efficiency of cleaning/disinfection of surfaces of an Intensive Care Unit. descriptive-exploratory study with quantitative approach conducted over the course of four weeks. Visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological indicators were used to indicate cleanliness/disinfection. Five surfaces (bed rails, bedside tables, infusion pumps, nurses' counter, and medical prescription table) were assessed before and after the use of rubbing alcohol at 70% (w/v), totaling 160 samples for each method. Non-parametric tests were used considering statistically significant differences at p<0.05. after the cleaning/disinfection process, 87.5, 79.4 and 87.5% of the surfaces were considered clean using the visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological analyses, respectively. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the disapproval rates after the cleaning process considering the three assessment methods; the visual inspection was the least reliable. the cleaning/disinfection method was efficient in reducing microbial load and organic matter of surfaces, however, these findings require further study to clarify aspects related to the efficiency of friction, its frequency, and whether or not there is association with other inputs to achieve improved results of the cleaning/disinfection process.

Is airport baggage inspection just another medical image?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gale, Alastair G.; Mugglestone, Mark D.; Purdy, Kevin J.; McClumpha, A.

2000-04-01

A similar inspection situation to medical imaging appears to be that of the airport security screener who examines X-ray images of passenger baggage. There is, however, little research overlap between the two areas. Studies of observer performance in examining medical images have led to a conceptual model which has been used successfully to understand diagnostic errors and develop appropriate training strategies. The model stresses three processes of; visual search, detection of potential targets, and interpretation of these areas; with most errors being due to the latter two factors. An initial study is reported on baggage inspection, using several brief image presentations, to examine the applicability of such a medical model to this domain. The task selected was the identification of potential Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Specifically investigated was the visual search behavior of inspectors. It was found that IEDs could be identified in a very brief image presentation, with increased presentation time this performance improved. Participants fixated on IEDs very early on and sometimes concentrated wholly on this part of the baggage display. When IEDs were missed this was mainly due to interpretative factors rather than visual search or IED detection. It is argued that the observer model can be applied successfully to this scenario.

Measurement precision of the anaerobic threshold by means of a portable calorimeter.

PubMed

Nogueira, Fernando dos Santos; Pompeu, Fernando Augusto Monteiro Sabóia

2010-09-01

Many methods are used for determining the Anaerobic Threshold (AT) by means of sophisticated ergospirometer. To test the AT variation, detected by mathematical models and visual inspection, when low cost ergospirometer is used and intended for clinical application. Seventy nine apparently healthy subjects were volunteers in this study; from these, 57 men. The VO₂(max) and the ventilatory threshold were determined by indirect, open-circuit calorimetry. The electro-enzymatic method was used for analyzing the lactacidemia and direct determination of the Lactate Threshold (LT). The AT was determined by two mathematical methods (MM(RSS) and MM(slope)), based on the gases exchange, and by the log-log visual method, for determining the LT. Two independent investigators determined the AT through visual inspection of three graphs, considering two methods (AT₋(a)= V-slope, EqV; and AT₋(b) = V-slope, EqV and ExCO₂). The data were analyzed by means of parametric statistics for determining the differences between AT₋(a) versus ExCO₂, MM(RSS) and MM(slope); AT-b versus MM(RSS) and MM(slope); and LT versus AT₋(a), AT₋(b), MM(RSS) and MM(slope). The MM(slope) was the only method that presented a significant difference between the AT₋(a) and AT₋(b) (p=0.001), with CV% >15. LT versus MM(slope) did not present significant difference (p=0.274), however, it was observed a high CV (24%). It was concluded that with the low cost equipment, the MM(RSS) and AT₋(a) methods can be used for determining the TAn. The MM(slope) method did not present satisfactory precision to be employed with this equipment.

Visual responses of corn silk flies (Diptera: Ulidiidae)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Corn silk flies are major pests impacting fresh market sweet corn production in Florida and Georgia. Control depends solely on well-times applications of insecticides to protect corn ear development. Surveillance depends on visual inspection of ears with no effective trapping methods currently ava...

Testing of Military Towbars

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-28

pin diameters, lunette diameter, clevis end details, cross section, and overall tube length and straightness. b. Weld failures, voids, cracks...etc., should be considered failures if they are identified visually or using a nondestructive weld inspection test method, per the applicable American... Welding Society standard for the specific material being inspected. c. Broken or cracked components, or catastrophic damage should be considered

40 CFR 63.3168 - What are the requirements for continuous parameter monitoring system installation, operation, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the atmosphere. (ii) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures. Secure any bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. You must visually inspect the seal... sensor. (vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity and electrical connections for...

40 CFR 63.3168 - What are the requirements for continuous parameter monitoring system installation, operation, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the atmosphere. (ii) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures. Secure any bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. You must visually inspect the seal... sensor. (vii) At least monthly, inspect components for integrity and electrical connections for...

40 CFR 63.773 - Inspection and monitoring requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... shall be submitted in the Periodic Report as specified in § 63.775(e)(2)(iii). (ii) For closed-vent... Periodic Report as specified in § 63.775(e)(2)(iii). (C) Conduct annual visual inspections for defects that... results shall be submitted in the Periodic Report as specified in § 63.775(e)(2)(iii). (iii) For each...

Direction of attentional focus in biofeedback treatment for /r/ misarticulation.

PubMed

McAllister Byun, Tara; Swartz, Michelle T; Halpin, Peter F; Szeredi, Daniel; Maas, Edwin

2016-07-01

Maintaining an external direction of focus during practice is reported to facilitate acquisition of non-speech motor skills, but it is not known whether these findings also apply to treatment for speech errors. This question has particular relevance for treatment incorporating visual biofeedback, where clinician cueing can direct the learner's attention either internally (i.e., to the movements of the articulators) or externally (i.e., to the visual biofeedback display). This study addressed two objectives. First, it aimed to use single-subject experimental methods to collect additional evidence regarding the efficacy of visual-acoustic biofeedback treatment for children with /r/ misarticulation. Second, it compared the efficacy of this biofeedback intervention under two cueing conditions. In the external focus (EF) condition, participants' attention was directed exclusively to the external biofeedback display. In the internal focus (IF) condition, participants viewed a biofeedback display, but they also received articulatory cues encouraging an internal direction of attentional focus. Nine school-aged children were pseudo-randomly assigned to receive either IF or EF cues during 8 weeks of visual-acoustic biofeedback intervention. Accuracy in /r/ production at the word level was probed in three to five pre-treatment baseline sessions and in three post-treatment maintenance sessions. Outcomes were assessed using visual inspection and calculation of effect sizes for individual treatment trajectories. In addition, a mixed logistic model was used to examine across-subjects effects including phase (pre/post-treatment), /r/ variant (treated/untreated), and focus cue condition (internal/external). Six out of nine participants showed sustained improvement on at least one treated /r/ variant; these six participants were evenly divided across EF and IF treatment groups. Regression results indicated that /r/ productions were significantly more likely to be rated accurate post- than pre-treatment. Internal versus external direction of focus cues was not a significant predictor of accuracy, nor did it interact significantly with other predictors. The results are consistent with previous literature reporting that visual-acoustic biofeedback can produce measurable treatment gains in children who have not responded to previous intervention. These findings are also in keeping with previous research suggesting that biofeedback may be sufficient to establish an external attentional focus, independent of verbal cues provided. The finding that explicit articulator placement cues were not necessary for progress in treatment has implications for intervention practices for speech-sound disorders in children. © 2016 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.

Empiric determination of corrected visual acuity standards for train crews.

PubMed

Schwartz, Steven H; Swanson, William H

2005-08-01

Probably the most common visual standard for employment in the transportation industry is best-corrected, high-contrast visual acuity. Because such standards were often established absent empiric linkage to job performance, it is possible that a job applicant or employee who has visual acuity less than the standard may be able to satisfactorily perform the required job activities. For the transportation system that we examined, the train crew is required to inspect visually the length of the train before and during the time it leaves the station. The purpose of the inspection is to determine if an individual is in a hazardous position with respect to the train. In this article, we determine the extent to which high-contrast visual acuity can predict performance on a simulated task. Performance at discriminating hazardous from safe conditions, as depicted in projected photographic slides, was determined as a function of visual acuity. For different levels of visual acuity, which was varied through the use of optical defocus, a subject was required to label scenes as hazardous or safe. Task performance was highly correlated with visual acuity as measured under conditions normally used for vision screenings (high-illumination and high-contrast): as the acuity decreases, performance at discriminating hazardous from safe scenes worsens. This empirically based methodology can be used to establish a corrected high-contrast visual acuity standard for safety-sensitive work in transportation that is linked to the performance of a job-critical task.

76 FR 58094 - Airworthiness Directives; 328 Support Services GmbH (Type Certificate Previously Held by AvCraft...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-20

... subsequent Eddy Current inspection (NDI) [non-destructive inspection] of the same area to detect cracks... inspections are eddy current inspections. The modification includes cold expansion of the former lower wing... with consequent loss of control. * * * * * The new inspections are eddy current inspections. The...

Repeated-measure validation of craniofacial metrics from three-dimensional surface scans: application to medical genetics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lauer, Eric A.; Corner, Brian D.; Li, Peng; Beecher, Robert M.; Deutsch, Curtis

2002-03-01

Traditionally, medical geneticists have employed visual inspection (anthroposcopy) to clinically evaluate dysmorphology. In the last 20 years, there has been an increasing trend towards quantitative assessment to render diagnosis of anomalies more objective and reliable. These methods have focused on direct anthropometry, using a combination of classical physical anthropology tools and new instruments tailor-made to describe craniofacial morphometry. These methods are painstaking and require that the patient remain still for extended periods of time. Most recently, semiautomated techniques (e.g., structured light scanning) have been developed to capture the geometry of the face in a matter of seconds. In this paper, we establish that direct anthropometry and structured light scanning yield reliable measurements, with remarkably high levels of inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, as well as validity (contrasting the two methods).

WCE video segmentation using textons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gallo, Giovanni; Granata, Eliana

2010-03-01

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) integrates wireless transmission with image and video technology. It has been used to examine the small intestine non invasively. Medical specialists look for signicative events in the WCE video by direct visual inspection manually labelling, in tiring and up to one hour long sessions, clinical relevant frames. This limits the WCE usage. To automatically discriminate digestive organs such as esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon is of great advantage. In this paper we propose to use textons for the automatic discrimination of abrupt changes within a video. In particular, we consider, as features, for each frame hue, saturation, value, high-frequency energy content and the responses to a bank of Gabor filters. The experiments have been conducted on ten video segments extracted from WCE videos, in which the signicative events have been previously labelled by experts. Results have shown that the proposed method may eliminate up to 70% of the frames from further investigations. The direct analysis of the doctors may hence be concentrated only on eventful frames. A graphical tool showing sudden changes in the textons frequencies for each frame is also proposed as a visual aid to find clinically relevant segments of the video.

Ageing airplane repair assessment program for Airbus A300

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaillardon, J. M.; Schmidt, HANS-J.; Brandecker, B.

1992-01-01

This paper describes the current status of the repair categorization activities and includes all details about the methodologies developed for determination of the inspection program for the skin on pressurized fuselages. For inspection threshold determination two methods are defined based on fatigue life approach, a simplified and detailed method. The detailed method considers 15 different parameters to assess the influences of material, geometry, size location, aircraft usage, and workmanship on the fatigue life of the repair and the original structure. For definition of the inspection intervals a general method is developed which applies to all concerned repairs. For this the initial flaw concept is used by considering 6 parameters and the detectable flaw sizes depending on proposed nondestructive inspection methods. An alternative method is provided for small repairs allowing visual inspection with shorter intervals.

Optical surface contouring for non-destructive inspection of turbomachinery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Modarress, Dariush; Schaack, David F.

1994-03-01

Detection of stress cracks and other surface defects during maintenance and in-service inspection of propulsion system components, including turbine blades and combustion compartments, is presently performed visually. There is a need for a non-contact, miniaturized, and fully fieldable instrument that may be used as an automated inspection tool for inspection of aircraft engines. During this SBIR Phase 1 program, the feasibility of a ruggedized optical probe for automatic and nondestructive inspection of complex shaped objects will be established. Through a careful analysis of the measurement requirements, geometrical and optical constraints, and consideration of issues such as manufacturability, compactness, simplicity, and cost, one or more conceptual optical designs will be developed. The proposed concept will be further developed and a prototype will be fabricated during Phase 2.

Optical surface contouring for non-destructive inspection of turbomachinery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Modarress, Dariush; Schaack, David F.

1994-01-01

Detection of stress cracks and other surface defects during maintenance and in-service inspection of propulsion system components, including turbine blades and combustion compartments, is presently performed visually. There is a need for a non-contact, miniaturized, and fully fieldable instrument that may be used as an automated inspection tool for inspection of aircraft engines. During this SBIR Phase 1 program, the feasibility of a ruggedized optical probe for automatic and nondestructive inspection of complex shaped objects will be established. Through a careful analysis of the measurement requirements, geometrical and optical constraints, and consideration of issues such as manufacturability, compactness, simplicity, and cost, one or more conceptual optical designs will be developed. The proposed concept will be further developed and a prototype will be fabricated during Phase 2.

Pool-site fuel inspection and examination techniques applied by the Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Fuel Service. [PWR; BWR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Knaab, H.; Knecht, K.

The need for pool-site inspection and examination of fuel assemblies was recognized by Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft with the commissioning of the first nuclear power stations. A wet sipping method has demonstrated high reliability in detection of leaking fuel assemblies. The visual inspection system is a versatile tool. It can be supplemented by attaching devices for oxide thickness measurement or surface replication. Repair of leaking pressurized water reactor fuel assemblies has improved fuel utilization. Applied methods and typical results are described.

49 CFR 237.107 - Conduct of bridge inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Conduct of bridge inspections. 237.107 Section 237... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.107 Conduct of bridge inspections. Bridge inspections shall be conducted under the direct supervision of a designated...

49 CFR 237.107 - Conduct of bridge inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Conduct of bridge inspections. 237.107 Section 237... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BRIDGE SAFETY STANDARDS Bridge Inspection § 237.107 Conduct of bridge inspections. Bridge inspections shall be conducted under the direct supervision of a designated...

Non-destructive inspection protocol for reinforced concrete barriers and bridge railings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chintakunta, Satish R.; Boone, Shane D.

Reinforced concrete highway barriers and bridge railings serve to prevent errant vehicles from departing the travel way at grade separations. Despite the important role that they play in maintaining safety and their ubiquitous nature, barrier inspection rarely moves beyond visual inspection. In August 2008, a tractor-trailer fatally departed William Preston Lane, Jr. Memorial Bridge after it dislodged a section of the bridge barrier. Investigations following the accident identified significant corrosion of the anchor bolts attaching the bridge railing to the bridge deck. As a result of the information gathered during its investigation of the accident, the National Transportation Safety Boardmore » (NTSB) made recommendations to the Federal Highway Administration concerning Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of concrete bridge railings. The Center for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) at Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, VA is currently evaluating feasibility of using four technologies - ground penetrating radar (GPR), ultrasonic pulse-echo, digital radiography and infrared thermal imaging methods to develop bridge inspection methods that augment visual inspections, offer reliable measurement techniques, and are practical, both in terms of time and cost, for field inspection work. Controlled samples containing predefined corrosion levels in reinforcing steel were embedded at barrier connection points for laboratory testing. All four NDE techniques were used in the initial phase I testing. An inspection protocol for detecting and measuring the corrosion of reinforced steel embedded in the anchorage system will be developed as part of phase II research. The identified technologies shall be further developed for field testing utilizing a structure with a barrier in good condition and a structure with a barrier in poor condition.« less

KSC-02pd1716

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-11-14

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers on Launch Pad 39A perform checks on Endeavour's oxygen flex hose fitting through manual inspection and using helium detectors. Visual inspection found a deformity in the flex line braid where it connects to rigid tubing. The entire flex hose assembly and bulkhead fitting were removed early today, and work is under way to complete the installation of a replacement.

Development of Encoding and Decision Processes in Visual Recognition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newcombe, Nora; MacKenzie, Doris L.

This experiment examined two processes which might account for developmental increases in accuracy in visual recognition tasks: age-related increases in efficiency of scanning during inspection, and age-related increases in the ability to make decisions systematically during test. Critical details necessary for recognition were highlighted as…

The visual and radiological inspection of a pipeline using a teleoperated pipe crawler

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fogle, R.F.; Kuelske, K.; Kellner, R.

1995-01-01

In the 1950s, the Savannah River Site built an open, unlined retention basin to temporarily store potentially radionuclide contaminated cooling water from a chemical separations process and storm water drainage from a nearby waste management facility that stored large quantities of nuclear fission byproducts in carbon steel tanks. The retention basin was retired from service in 1972 when a new, lined basin was completed. In 1978, the old retention basin was excavated, backfilled with uncontaminated dirt, and covered with grass. At the same time, much of the underground process pipeline leading to the basin was abandoned. Since the closure ofmore » the retention basin, new environmental regulations require that the basin undergo further assessment to determine whether additional remediation is required. A visual and radiological inspection of the pipeline was necessary to aid in the remediation decision making process for the retention basin system. A teleoperated pipe crawler inspection system was developed to survey the abandoned sections of underground pipelines leading to the retired retention basin. This paper will describe the background to this project, the scope of the investigation, the equipment requirements, and the results of the pipeline inspection.« less

Method for evaluation of human induced pluripotent stem cell quality using image analysis based on the biological morphology of cells.

PubMed

Wakui, Takashi; Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi; Matsubara, Kenta; Kawasaki, Tomoyuki; Yamaguchi, Hiroshi; Akutsu, Hidenori

2017-10-01

We propose an image analysis method for quality evaluation of human pluripotent stem cells based on biologically interpretable features. It is important to maintain the undifferentiated state of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) while culturing the cells during propagation. Cell culture experts visually select good quality cells exhibiting the morphological features characteristic of undifferentiated cells. Experts have empirically determined that these features comprise prominent and abundant nucleoli, less intercellular spacing, and fewer differentiating cellular nuclei. We quantified these features based on experts' visual inspection of phase contrast images of iPSCs and found that these features are effective for evaluating iPSC quality. We then developed an iPSC quality evaluation method using an image analysis technique. The method allowed accurate classification, equivalent to visual inspection by experts, of three iPSC cell lines.

76 FR 81890 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... inspection interval for these inspections is 1,400 flight cycles. The compliance times for the initial... repetitive inspection interval for these inspections is either 4,000 flight cycles or 12,000 flight cycles..., 2009. Repeat the inspections thereafter at intervals not to exceed 1,400 flight cycles. Doing the...

78 FR 40050 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-03

... inspections or high frequency eddy current inspections for cracks of the blended area of the fuselage skin... repetitive external detailed inspections or high frequency eddy current inspections for cracks of the blended..., 2009) is August 3, 2009. (h) Repetitive High Frequency Eddy Current (HFEC) Inspections For airplanes on...

Visual detection of nucleic acids based on Mie scattering and the magnetophoretic effect.

PubMed

Zhao, Zichen; Chen, Shan; Ho, John Kin Lim; Chieng, Ching-Chang; Chen, Ting-Hsuan

2015-12-07

Visual detection of nucleic acid biomarkers is a simple and convenient approach to point-of-care applications. However, issues of sensitivity and the handling of complex bio-fluids have posed challenges. Here we report on a visual method detecting nucleic acids using Mie scattering of polystyrene microparticles and the magnetophoretic effect. Magnetic microparticles (MMPs) and polystyrene microparticles (PMPs) were surface-functionalised with oligonucleotide probes, which can hybridise with target oligonucleotides in juxtaposition and lead to the formation of MMPs-targets-PMPs sandwich structures. Using an externally applied magnetic field, the magnetophoretic effect attracts the sandwich structure to the sidewall, which reduces the suspended PMPs and leads to a change in the light transmission via the Mie scattering. Based on the high extinction coefficient of the Mie scattering (∼3 orders of magnitude greater than that of the commonly used gold nanoparticles), our results showed the limit of detection to be 4 pM using a UV-Vis spectrometer or 10 pM by direct visual inspection. Meanwhile, we also demonstrated that this method is compatible with multiplex assays and detection in complex bio-fluids, such as whole blood or a pool of nucleic acids, without purification in advance. With a simplified operation procedure, low instrumentation requirement, high sensitivity and compatibility with complex bio-fluids, this method provides an ideal solution for visual detection of nucleic acids in resource-limited settings.

Machine vision method for online surface inspection of easy open can ends

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mariño, Perfecto; Pastoriza, Vicente; Santamaría, Miguel

2006-10-01

Easy open can end manufacturing process in the food canning sector currently makes use of a manual, non-destructive testing procedure to guarantee can end repair coating quality. This surface inspection is based on a visual inspection made by human inspectors. Due to the high production rate (100 to 500 ends per minute) only a small part of each lot is verified (statistical sampling), then an automatic, online, inspection system, based on machine vision, has been developed to improve this quality control. The inspection system uses a fuzzy model to make the acceptance/rejection decision for each can end from the information obtained by the vision sensor. In this work, the inspection method is presented. This surface inspection system checks the total production, classifies the ends in agreement with an expert human inspector, supplies interpretability to the operators in order to find out the failure causes and reduce mean time to repair during failures, and allows to modify the minimum can end repair coating quality.

Nintendo Wii Balance Board is sensitive to effects of visual tasks on standing sway in healthy elderly adults.

PubMed

Koslucher, Frank; Wade, Michael G; Nelson, Brent; Lim, Kelvin; Chen, Fu-Chen; Stoffregen, Thomas A

2012-07-01

Research has shown that the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB) can reliably detect the quantitative kinematics of the center of pressure in stance. Previous studies used relatively coarse manipulations (1- vs. 2-leg stance, and eyes open vs. closed). We sought to determine whether the WBB could reliably detect postural changes associated with subtle variations in visual tasks. Healthy elderly adults stood on a WBB while performing one of two visual tasks. In the Inspection task, they maintained their gaze within the boundaries of a featureless target. In the Search task, they counted the occurrence of designated target letters within a block of text. Consistent with previous studies using traditional force plates, the positional variability of the center of pressure was reduced during performance of the Search task, relative to movement during performance of the Inspection task. Using detrended fluctuation analysis, a measure of movement dynamics, we found that COP trajectories were more predictable during performance of the Search task than during performance of the Inspection task. The results indicate that the WBB is sensitive to subtle variations in both the magnitude and dynamics of body sway that are related to variations in visual tasks engaged in during stance. The WBB is an inexpensive, reliable technology that can be used to evaluate subtle characteristics of body sway in large or widely dispersed samples. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of perception performance in neck dissection planning using eye tracking and attention landscapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burgert, Oliver; Örn, Veronika; Velichkovsky, Boris M.; Gessat, Michael; Joos, Markus; Strauß, Gero; Tietjen, Christian; Preim, Bernhard; Hertel, Ilka

2007-03-01

Neck dissection is a surgical intervention at which cervical lymph node metastases are removed. Accurate surgical planning is of high importance because wrong judgment of the situation causes severe harm for the patient. Diagnostic perception of radiological images by a surgeon is an acquired skill that can be enhanced by training and experience. To improve accuracy in detecting pathological lymph nodes by newcomers and less experienced professionals, it is essential to understand how surgical experts solve relevant visual and recognition tasks. By using eye tracking and especially the newly-developed attention landscapes visualizations, it could be determined whether visualization options, for example 3D models instead of CT data, help in increasing accuracy and speed of neck dissection planning. Thirteen ORL surgeons with different levels of expertise participated in this study. They inspected different visualizations of 3D models and original CT datasets of patients. Among others, we used scanpath analysis and attention landscapes to interpret the inspection strategies. It was possible to distinguish different patterns of visual exploratory activity. The experienced surgeons exhibited a higher concentration of attention on the limited number of areas of interest and demonstrated less saccadic eye movements indicating a better orientation.

Laser-ultrasonic inspection of hybrid laser-arc welded HSLA-65 steel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lévesque, D.; Rousseau, G.; Monchalin, J.-P.

2014-02-18

The hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) process is a relatively low heat input joining technology that combines the synergistic qualities of both the high energy density laser beam for deep penetration and the arc for wide fit-up gap tolerance. This process is especially suitable for the shipbuilding industry where thick-gauge section, long steel plates have been widely used in a butt joint configuration. In this study, preliminary exploration was carried out to detect and visualize the welding defects using laser ultrasonics combined with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). Results obtained on 9.3 mm thick butt-welded HSLA-65 steel plates indicated thatmore » the laser-ultrasonic SAFT inspection technique can successfully detect and visualize the presence of porosity, lack of fusion and internal crack defects. This was further confirmed by X-ray digital radiography and metallography. The results obtained clearly show the potential of using the laser-ultrasonic technology for the automated inspection of hybrid laser-arc welds.« less

Laser-ultrasonic inspection of hybrid laser-arc welded HSLA-65 steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lévesque, D.; Rousseau, G.; Wanjara, P.; Cao, X.; Monchalin, J.-P.

2014-02-01

The hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) process is a relatively low heat input joining technology that combines the synergistic qualities of both the high energy density laser beam for deep penetration and the arc for wide fit-up gap tolerance. This process is especially suitable for the shipbuilding industry where thick-gauge section, long steel plates have been widely used in a butt joint configuration. In this study, preliminary exploration was carried out to detect and visualize the welding defects using laser ultrasonics combined with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). Results obtained on 9.3 mm thick butt-welded HSLA-65 steel plates indicated that the laser-ultrasonic SAFT inspection technique can successfully detect and visualize the presence of porosity, lack of fusion and internal crack defects. This was further confirmed by X-ray digital radiography and metallography. The results obtained clearly show the potential of using the laser-ultrasonic technology for the automated inspection of hybrid laser-arc welds.

Effectiveness of reprocessing for flexible bronchoscopes and endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopes.

PubMed

Ofstead, Cori L; Quick, Mariah R; Wetzler, Harry P; Eiland, John E; Heymann, Otis L; Sonetti, David A; Ferguson, J Scott

2018-05-30

Infections have been linked to inadequately-reprocessed flexible bronchoscopes, and recent investigations determined that pathogen transmission occurred even when bronchoscope cleaning and disinfection practices aligned with current guidelines. This multisite, prospective study evaluated the effectiveness of real-world bronchoscope reprocessing methods using a systematic approach. This study involved direct observation of reprocessing methods for flexible bronchoscopes, multifaceted evaluations performed after manual cleaning and after high-level disinfection, and assessments of storage conditions. Visual inspections of ports and channels were performed using lighted magnification and borescopes. Contamination was detected using microbial cultures and tests for protein, hemoglobin, and adenosine triphosphate. Researchers assessed reprocessing practices, and storage cabinet cleanliness was evaluated by visual inspection and adenosine triphosphate tests. Researchers examined 24 clinically used bronchoscopes. After manual cleaning, 100% of bronchoscopes had residual contamination. Microbial growth was found in 14 (58%) fully-reprocessed bronchoscopes, including mold, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Escherichia coli/Shigella spp. Visible irregularities were observed in 100% of bronchoscopes, including retained fluid; brown, red, or oily residue; scratches; damaged insertion tubes and distal ends; and filamentous debris in channels. Reprocessing practices were substandard at two of three sites. Damaged and contaminated bronchoscopes were in use at all sites. Inadequate reprocessing practices may have contributed to bioburden found on bronchoscopes. However, even when guidelines were followed, high-level disinfection was not effective. A shift toward the use of sterilized bronchoscopes is recommended. In the meantime, quality management programs and updated reprocessing guidelines are needed. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Development of PZT-excited stroboscopic shearography for full-field nondestructive evaluation.

PubMed

Asemani, Hamidreza; Park, Jinwoo; Lee, Jung-Ryul; Soltani, Nasser

2017-05-01

Nondestructive evaluation using shearography requires a way to stress the inspection target. This technique is able to directly measure the displacement gradient distribution on the object surface. Shearography visualizes the internal structural damages as the anomalous pattern in the shearograpic fringe pattern. A piezoelectric (PZT) excitation system is able to generate loadings in the vibrational, acoustic, and ultrasonic regimes. In this paper, we propose a PZT-excited stroboscopic shearography. The PZT excitation could generate vibrational loading, a stationary wavefield, and a nonstationary propagation wave to fulfill the external loading requirement of shearography. The sweeping of the PZT excitation frequency, the formation of a standing wave, and a small shearing to suppress the incident wave were powerful controllable tools to detect the defects. The sweeping of the PZT excitation frequency enabled us to determine one of the defect-sensitive frequencies almost in real time. In addition, because the defect sensitive frequencies always existed in wide and plural ranges, the risk of the defect being overlooked by the inspector could be alleviated. The results of evaluation using stroboscopic shearography showed that an artificial 20 mm-diameter defect could be visualized at the excitation frequencies of 5-8 kHz range and 12.5-15.5 kHz range. This technique provided full field reliable and repeatable inspection results. Additionally, the proposed method overcame the important drawback of the time-averaged shearography, being required to identify the resonance vibration frequency sensitive to the defect.

Detection of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.

PubMed

Maeda, Hiroshi; Kokeguchi, Susumu; Fujimoto, Chiyo; Tanimoto, Ichiro; Yoshizumi, Wakako; Nishimura, Fusanori; Takashiba, Shogo

2005-02-01

A method for nucleic acid amplification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was employed to develop a rapid and simple detection system for periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. A set of six primers was designed by targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. By the detection system, target DNA was amplified and visualized on agarose gel within 30 min under isothermal condition at 64 degrees C with a detection limit of 20 cells of P. gingivalis. Without gel electrophoresis, the LAMP amplicon was directly visualized in the reaction tube by addition of SYBR Green I for a naked-eye inspection. The LAMP reaction was also assessed by white turbidity of magnesium pyrophosphate (a by-product of LAMP) in the tube. Detection limits of these naked-eye inspections were 20 cells and 200 cells, respectively. Although false-positive DNA amplification was observed from more than 10(7) cells of Porphyromonas endodontalis, no amplification was observed in other five related oral pathogens. Further, quantitative detection of P. gingivalis was accomplished by a real-time monitoring of the LAMP reaction using SYBR Green I with linearity over a range of 10(2)-10(6) cells. The real-time LAMP was then applied to clinical samples of dental plaque and demonstrated almost identical results to the conventional real-time PCR with an advantage of rapidity. These findings indicate the potential usefulness of LAMP for detecting and quantifying P. gingivalis, especially in its rapidity and simplicity.

Temporal lobe epilepsy: quantitative MR volumetry in detection of hippocampal atrophy.

PubMed

Farid, Nikdokht; Girard, Holly M; Kemmotsu, Nobuko; Smith, Michael E; Magda, Sebastian W; Lim, Wei Y; Lee, Roland R; McDonald, Carrie R

2012-08-01

To determine the ability of fully automated volumetric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to depict hippocampal atrophy (HA) and to help correctly lateralize the seizure focus in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This study was conducted with institutional review board approval and in compliance with HIPAA regulations. Volumetric MR imaging data were analyzed for 34 patients with TLE and 116 control subjects. Structural volumes were calculated by using U.S. Food and Drug Administration-cleared software for automated quantitative MR imaging analysis (NeuroQuant). Results of quantitative MR imaging were compared with visual detection of atrophy, and, when available, with histologic specimens. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to determine the optimal sensitivity and specificity of quantitative MR imaging for detecting HA and asymmetry. A linear classifier with cross validation was used to estimate the ability of quantitative MR imaging to help lateralize the seizure focus. Quantitative MR imaging-derived hippocampal asymmetries discriminated patients with TLE from control subjects with high sensitivity (86.7%-89.5%) and specificity (92.2%-94.1%). When a linear classifier was used to discriminate left versus right TLE, hippocampal asymmetry achieved 94% classification accuracy. Volumetric asymmetries of other subcortical structures did not improve classification. Compared with invasive video electroencephalographic recordings, lateralization accuracy was 88% with quantitative MR imaging and 85% with visual inspection of volumetric MR imaging studies but only 76% with visual inspection of clinical MR imaging studies. Quantitative MR imaging can depict the presence and laterality of HA in TLE with accuracy rates that may exceed those achieved with visual inspection of clinical MR imaging studies. Thus, quantitative MR imaging may enhance standard visual analysis, providing a useful and viable means for translating volumetric analysis into clinical practice.

Positioning challenges in reconfigurable semi-autonomous robotic NDE inspection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pierce, S. Gareth; Dobie, Gordon; Summan, Rahul; Mackenzie, Liam; Hensman, James; Worden, Keith; Hayward, Gordon

2010-03-01

This paper describes work conducted into mobile, wireless, semi-autonomous NDE inspection robots developed at The University of Strathclyde as part of the UK Research Centre for Non Destructive Evaluation (RCNDE). The inspection vehicles can incorporate a number of different NDE payloads including ultrasonic, eddy current, visual and magnetic based payloads, and have been developed to try and improve NDE inspection techniques in challenging inspection areas (for example oil, gas, and nuclear structures). A significant research challenge remains in the accurate positioning and guidance of such vehicles for real inspection tasks. Employing both relative and absolute position measurements, we discuss a number of approaches to position estimation including Kalman and particle filtering. Using probabilistic approaches enables a common mathematical framework to be employed for both positioning and data fusion from different NDE sensors. In this fashion the uncertainties in both position and defect identification and classification can be dealt with using a consistent approach. A number of practical constraints and considerations to different precision positioning techniques are discussed, along with NDE applications and the potential for improved inspection capabilities by utilising the inherent reconfigurable capabilities of the inspection vehicles.

Research on measurement of aviation magneto ignition strength and balance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Feng; He, Zhixiang; Zhang, Dingpeng

2017-12-01

Aviation magneto ignition system failure accounted for two-thirds of the total fault aviation piston engine and above. At present the method used for this failure diagnosis is often depended on the visual inspections in the civil aviation maintenance field. Due to human factors, the visual inspections cannot provide ignition intensity value and ignition equilibrium deviation value among the different spark plugs in the different cylinder of aviation piston engine. So air magneto ignition strength and balance testing has become an aviation piston engine maintenance technical problem needed to resolve. In this paper, the ultraviolet sensor with detection wavelength of 185~260nm and driving voltage of 320V DC is used as the core of ultraviolet detection to detect the ignition intensity of Aviation magneto ignition system and the balance deviation of the ignition intensity of each cylinder. The experimental results show that the rotational speed within the range 0 to 3500 RPM test error less than 0.34%, ignition strength analysis and calculation error is less than 0.13%, and measured the visual inspection is hard to distinguish between high voltage wire leakage failure of deviation value of 200 pulse ignition strength balance/Sec. The method to detect aviation piston engine maintenance of magneto ignition system fault has a certain reference value.

Clinical evaluation of near-infrared light transillumination in approximal dentin caries detection.

PubMed

Ozkan, Gokhan; Guzel, Kadriye Gorkem Ulu

2017-08-01

The objective of this clinical study was to compare conventional caries detection techniques, pen-type laser fluorescence device, and near-infrared light transillumination method in approximal dentin caries lesions. The study included 157 patients, aged 12-18, without any cavity in the posterior teeth. Two calibrated examiners carried out the assessments of selected approximal caries sites independently. After the assessments, the unopened sites were excluded and a total of 161 approximal sites were included in the study. When both the examiners arrived at a consensus regarding the presence of dentin caries, the detected lesions were opened with a conical diamond burr, the cavity extent was examined and validated (gold standard). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve (Az) values among the caries detection methods were calculated. Bitewing radiography and near-infrared (NIR) light transillumination methods showed the highest sensitivity (0.83-0.82) and accuracy (0.82-0.80) among the methods. Visual inspection showed the lowest sensitivity (0.54). Laser fluorescence device and visual inspection showed nearly equal performance. Near-infrared light transillumination can be used as an alternative method to approximal dentin caries detection. Visual inspection and laser fluorescence device alone should not be used for approximal dentin caries.

Post-Closure Report for Closed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Units, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, for Fiscal Year 2014

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Silvas, Alissa J.

2015-01-01

This report serves as the combined annual report for post-closure activities for several Corrective Action Units (CAUs). The locations of the sites are shown in Figure 1. This report covers fiscal year 2014 (October 2013–September 2014). The post-closure requirements for these sites are described in Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Permit Number NEV HW0101 and summarized in each CAU-specific section in Section 1.0 of this report. The results of the inspections, a summary of maintenance activities, and an evaluation of monitoring data are presented in this report. Site inspections are conducted semiannually at CAUs 90 and 91 and quarterly atmore » CAUs 92, 110, 111, and 112. Additional inspections are conducted at CAU 92 if precipitation occurs in excess of 0.50 inches (in.) in a 24-hour period and at CAU 111 if precipitation occurs in excess of 1.0 in. in a 24-hour period. Inspections include an evaluation of the condition of the units, including covers, fences, signs, gates, and locks. In addition to visual inspections, soil moisture monitoring, vegetation evaluations, and subsidence surveys are conducted at CAU 110. At CAU 111, soil moisture monitoring, vegetation evaluations, subsidence surveys, direct radiation monitoring, air monitoring, radon flux monitoring, and groundwater monitoring are conducted. The results of the vegetation surveys and an analysis of the soil moisture monitoring data at CAU 110 are presented in this report. Results of additional monitoring at CAU 111 are documented annually in the Nevada National Security Site Waste Management Monitoring Report Area 3 and Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Sites and in the Nevada National Security Site Data Report: Groundwater Monitoring Program Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site, which will be prepared in approximately June 2015. All required inspections, maintenance, and monitoring were conducted in accordance with the post-closure requirements of the permit. It is recommended to continue inspections and monitoring as scheduled.« less

76 FR 47056 - Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney (PW) Models PW4074 and PW4077 Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-04

... AD using a drawdown plan that includes a borescope inspection (BSI) or eddy current inspection (ECI... inspection (BSI) or eddy current inspection (ECI) of the disk rim according to the following schedule: (i...

Fundamental study of microelectronic chip response under laser ultrasonic-interferometric inspection using C-scan method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Lei; Gong, Jie; Ume, I. Charles

2014-02-01

In modern surface mount packaging technologies, such as flip chips, chip scale packages, and ball grid arrays(BGA), chips are attached to the substrates/printed wiring board (PWB) using solder bump interconnections. The quality of solder bumps between the chips and the substrate/board is difficult to inspect. Laser ultrasonic-interferometric technique was proved to be a promising approach for solder bump inspection because of its noncontact and nondestructive characteristics. Different indicators extracted from received signals have been used to predict the potential defects, such as correlation coefficient, error ratio, frequency shifting, etc. However, the fundamental understanding of the chip behavior under laser ultrasonic inspection is still missing. Specifically, it is not sure whether the laser interferometer detected out-of-plane displacements were due to wave propagation or structural vibration when the chip was excited by pulsed laser. Plus, it is found that the received signals are chip dependent. Both challenges impede the interpretation of acquired signals. In this paper, a C-scan method was proposed to study the underlying phenomenon during laser ultrasonic inspection. The full chip was inspected. The response of the chip under laser excitation was visualized in a movie resulted from acquired signals. Specifically, a BGA chip was investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. By characterizing signals using discrete wavelet transform(DWT), both ultrasonic wave propagation and vibration were observed. Separation of them was successfully achieved using ideal band-pass filter and visualized in resultant movies, too. The observed ultrasonic waves were characterized and their respective speeds were measured by applying 2-D FFT. The C-scan method, combined with different digital signal processing techniques, was proved to be an very effective methodology to learn the behavior of chips under laser excitation. This general procedure can be applied to any unknown chip before inspection. A wealth of information can be provided by this learning procedure, which greatly benefits the interpretation of inspection signals afterwards.

47 CFR 0.460 - Requests for inspection of records which are routinely available for public inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... pay (see § 0.467). (2) Written requests shall be delivered or mailed directly to the Commission's copy... routinely available for public inspection. 0.460 Section 0.460 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS... § 0.460 Requests for inspection of records which are routinely available for public inspection. (a...

Inspection Time and Cognitive Abilities in Twins Aged 7 to 17 Years: Age-Related Changes, Heritability and Genetic Covariance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edmonds, Caroline J.; Isaacs, Elizabeth B.; Visscher, Peter M.; Rogers, Mary; Lanigan, Julie; Singhal, Atul; Lucas, Alan; Gringras, Paul; Denton, Jane; Deary, Ian J.

2008-01-01

We studied the age-related differences in inspection time and multiple cognitive domains in a group of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins aged 7 to 17 years. Data from 111 twin pairs and 19 singleton siblings were included. We found clear age-related trends towards more efficient visual information processing in older participants. There…

Fiber-optics couple arthroscope to TV

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Franke, J. M.; Rhodes, D. B.

1981-01-01

Convenient, hand-held coupler images output of arthroscope onto coherent fiber bundle. Arthroscope allows surgeons to examine internal organs through any small opening in body. Coupler is also used for engine inspection, instrument repair, and around-corner visual inspection. Image from arthroscope travels along flexible bundle and appears at other cable end where it is recollimated by lens. Image is read from lens or projected on color TV camera.

77 FR 71085 - Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-29

... Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Turbofan Engines AGENCY: Federal Aviation... turbofan engines. This AD requires initial and repetitive general inspections and ultrasonic inspections...

Microfluidic device for unidirectional axon growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malishev, E.; Pimashkin, A.; Gladkov, A.; Pigareva, Y.; Bukatin, A.; Kazantsev, V.; Mukhina, I.; Dubina, M.

2015-11-01

In order to better understand the communication and connectivity development of neuron networks, we designed microfluidic devices with several chambers for growing dissociated neuronal cultures from mice fetal hippocampus (E18). The chambers were connected with microchannels providing unidirectional axonal growth between “Source” and “Target” neural sub-networks. Experiments were performed in a hippocampal cultures plated in a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip, aligned with a 60 microelectrode array (MEA). Axonal growth through microchannels was observed with brightfield, phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy, and after 7 days in vitro electrical activity was recorded. Visual inspection and spike propagation analysis showed the predominant axonal growth in microchannels in a direction from “Source” to “Target”.

Representativeness of wind measurements in moderately complex terrain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van den Bossche, Michael; De Wekker, Stephan F. J.

2018-02-01

We investigated the representativeness of 10-m wind measurements in a 4 km × 2 km area of modest relief by comparing observations at a central site with those at four satellite sites located in the same area. Using a combination of established and new methods to quantify and visualize representativeness, we found significant differences in wind speed and direction between the four satellite sites and the central site. The representativeness of the central site wind measurements depended strongly on surface wind speed and direction, and atmospheric stability. Through closer inspection of the observations at one of the satellite sites, we concluded that terrain-forced flows combined with thermally driven downslope winds caused large biases in wind direction and speed. We used these biases to generate a basic model, showing that terrain-related differences in wind observations can to a large extent be predicted. Such a model is a cost-effective way to enhance an area's wind field determination and to improve the outcome of pollutant dispersion and weather forecasting models.

Emerging nondestructive inspection methods for aging aircraft

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beattie, A; Dahlke, L; Gieske, J

This report identifies and describes emerging nondestructive inspection (NDI) methods that can potentially be used to inspect commercial transport and commuter aircraft for structural damage. The nine categories of emerging NDI techniques are: acoustic emission, x-ray computed tomography, backscatter radiation, reverse geometry x-ray, advanced electromagnetics, including magnetooptic imaging and advanced eddy current techniques, coherent optics, advanced ultrasonics, advanced visual, and infrared thermography. The physical principles, generalized performance characteristics, and typical applications associated with each method are described. In addition, aircraft inspection applications are discussed along with the associated technical considerations. Finally, the status of each technique is presented, with amore » discussion on when it may be available for use in actual aircraft maintenance programs. It should be noted that this is a companion document to DOT/FAA/CT-91/5, Current Nondestructive Inspection Methods for Aging Aircraft.« less

Technology for robotic surface inspection in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Volpe, Richard; Balaram, J.

1994-01-01

This paper presents on-going research in robotic inspection of space platforms. Three main areas of investigation are discussed: machine vision inspection techniques, an integrated sensor end-effector, and an orbital environment laboratory simulation. Machine vision inspection utilizes automatic comparison of new and reference images to detect on-orbit induced damage such as micrometeorite impacts. The cameras and lighting used for this inspection are housed in a multisensor end-effector, which also contains a suite of sensors for detection of temperature, gas leaks, proximity, and forces. To fully test all of these sensors, a realistic space platform mock-up has been created, complete with visual, temperature, and gas anomalies. Further, changing orbital lighting conditions are effectively mimicked by a robotic solar simulator. In the paper, each of these technology components will be discussed, and experimental results are provided.

Evaluation of the Deki Reader™, an automated RDT reader and data management device, in a household survey setting in low malaria endemic southwestern Uganda.

PubMed

Oyet, Caesar; Roh, Michelle E; Kiwanuka, Gertrude N; Orikiriza, Patrick; Wade, Martina; Parikh, Sunil; Mwanga-Amumpaire, Juliet; Boum, Yap

2017-11-07

Early diagnosis of suspected malaria cases with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) has been shown to be an effective malaria control tool used in many resource-constrained settings. However, poor quality control and quality assurance hinder the accurate reporting of malaria diagnoses. Recent use of a portable, battery operated RDT reader (Deki Reader™, Fio Corporation) has shown to have high agreement with visual inspection across diverse health centre settings, however evidence of its feasibility and usability during cross sectional surveys are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Deki Reader™ in a cross-sectional survey of children from southwestern Uganda. A two-stage, stratified cluster sampling survey was conducted between July and October 2014 in three districts of southwestern Uganda, with varying malaria transmission intensities. A total of 566 children aged 6-59 months were included in the analysis. Blood samples were collected and tested for malaria using: the SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf/Pan RDT and microscopy. Results were compared between visual inspection of the RDT and by the Deki Reader™. Diagnostic performance of both methods were compared to gold-standard microscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of the Deki Reader™ was 94.1% (95% CI 69.2-99.6%) and 95.6% (95% CI 93.4-97.1%), respectively. The overall percent agreement between the Deki Reader™ and visual RDT inspection was 98.9% (95% CI 93.2-99.8), with kappa statistic of 0.92 (95% CI 0.85-0.98). The findings from this study suggest that the Deki Reader™ is comparable to visual inspection and performs well in detecting microscopy-positive Plasmodium falciparum cases in a household survey setting. However, the reader's performance was highly dependent on ensuring adequate battery life and a work environment free of dirt particles.

Printing Space: Using 3D Printing of Digital Terrain Models in Geosciences Education and Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horowitz, Seth S.; Schultz, Peter H.

2014-01-01

Data visualization is a core component of every scientific project; however, generation of physical models previously depended on expensive or labor-intensive molding, sculpting, or laser sintering techniques. Physical models have the advantage of providing not only visual but also tactile modes of inspection, thereby allowing easier visual…

Integrated remote sensing and visualization (IRSV) system for transportation infrastructure operations and management, phase one, volume 3 : use of scanning LiDAR in structural evaluation of bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-12-01

This volume introduces several applications of remote bridge inspection technologies studied in : this Integrated Remote Sensing and Visualization (IRSV) study using ground-based LiDAR : systems. In particular, the application of terrestrial LiDAR fo...

The Effect of User Characteristics on the Efficiency of Visual Querying

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bak, Peter; Meyer, Joachim

2011-01-01

Information systems increasingly provide options for visually inspecting data during the process of information discovery and exploration. Little research has dealt so far with user interactions with these systems, and specifically with the effects of characteristics of the displayed data and the user on performance with such systems. The study…

Multi-focused geospatial analysis using probes.

PubMed

Butkiewicz, Thomas; Dou, Wenwen; Wartell, Zachary; Ribarsky, William; Chang, Remco

2008-01-01

Traditional geospatial information visualizations often present views that restrict the user to a single perspective. When zoomed out, local trends and anomalies become suppressed and lost; when zoomed in for local inspection, spatial awareness and comparison between regions become limited. In our model, coordinated visualizations are integrated within individual probe interfaces, which depict the local data in user-defined regions-of-interest. Our probe concept can be incorporated into a variety of geospatial visualizations to empower users with the ability to observe, coordinate, and compare data across multiple local regions. It is especially useful when dealing with complex simulations or analyses where behavior in various localities differs from other localities and from the system as a whole. We illustrate the effectiveness of our technique over traditional interfaces by incorporating it within three existing geospatial visualization systems: an agent-based social simulation, a census data exploration tool, and an 3D GIS environment for analyzing urban change over time. In each case, the probe-based interaction enhances spatial awareness, improves inspection and comparison capabilities, expands the range of scopes, and facilitates collaboration among multiple users.

Cube - an online tool for comparison and contrasting of protein sequences.

PubMed

Zhang, Zong Hong; Khoo, Aik Aun; Mihalek, Ivana

2013-01-01

When comparing sequences of similar proteins, two kinds of questions can be asked, and the related two kinds of inference made. First, one may ask to what degree they are similar, and then, how they differ. In the first case one may tentatively conclude that the conserved elements common to all sequences are of central and common importance to the protein's function. In the latter case the regions of specialization may be discriminative of the function or binding partners across subfamilies of related proteins. Experimental efforts - mutagenesis or pharmacological intervention - can then be pointed in either direction, depending on the context of the study. Cube simplifies this process for users that already have their favorite sets of sequences, and helps them collate the information by visualization of the conservation and specialization scores on the sequence and on the structure, and by spreadsheet tabulation. All information can be visualized on the spot, or downloaded for reference and later inspection. http://eopsf.org/cube.

Evaluation of an attributive measurement system in the automotive industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simion, C.

2016-08-01

Measurement System Analysis (MSA) is a critical component for any quality improvement process. MSA is defined as an experimental and mathematical method of determining how much the variation within the measurement process contributes to overall process variability and it falls into two categories: attribute and variable. Most problematic measurement system issues come from measuring attribute data, which are usually the result of human judgment (visual inspection). Because attributive measurement systems are often used in some manufacturing processes, their assessment is important to obtain the confidence in the inspection process, to see where are the problems in order to eliminate them and to guide the process improvement. It was the aim of this paper to address such a issue presenting a case study made in a local company from the Sibiu region supplying products for the automotive industry, specifically the bag (a technical textile component, i.e. the fabric) for the airbag module. Because defects are inherent in every manufacturing process and in the field of airbag systems a minor defect can influence their performance and lives depend on the safety feature, there is a stringent visual inspection required on the defects of the bag material. The purpose of this attribute MSA was: to determine if all inspectors use the same criteria to determine “pass” from “fail” product (i.e. the fabric); to assess company inspection standards against customer's requirements; to determine how well inspectors are conforming to themselves; to identify how inspectors are conforming to a “known master,” which includes: how often operators ship defective product, how often operators dispose of acceptable product; to discover areas where training is required, procedures must be developed and standards are not available. The results were analyzed using MINITAB software with its module called Attribute Agreement Analysis. The conclusion was that the inspection process must be improved by operator training, developing visual aids/boundary samples, establishing standards and set-up procedures.

Small bore ceramic laser tube inspection light table

DOEpatents

Updike, Earl O.

1990-01-01

Apparatus for inspecting small bore ceramic laser tubes, which includes a support base with one or more support rollers. A fluorescent light tube is inserted within the laser tube and the laser tube is supported by the support rollers so that a gap is maintained between the laser tube and the fluorescent tube to enable rotation of the laser tube. In operation, the ceramic tube is illuminated from the inside by the fluorescent tube to facilitate visual inspection. Centering the tube around the axial light of the fluorescent tube provides information about straightness and wall thickness of the laser tube itself.

Epidemiologic and economic evaluation of risk-based meat inspection for bovine cysticercosis in Danish cattle.

PubMed

Calvo-Artavia, F F; Nielsen, L R; Alban, L

2013-03-01

Under the current EU meat inspection regulation, every single carcase from all bovines above 6 weeks of age has to be examined for bovine cysticercosis (BC). This is time-consuming, costly, and is of limited value in countries with low prevalence. The aim of this study was to develop a stochastic simulation model for analysis of tentative risk-based meat inspection systems for BC in Danish cattle with regard to system sensitivity (SSSe), specificity and potential monetary benefits compared to the current system, which has an estimated SSSe of 15%. The relevant risk factors used to construct three alternative scenario trees were identified from previous Danish risk factor studies (1) gender, (2) grazing and (3) access to risky water sources. Thus, females, animals that had been grazing or animals with access to risky water sources were considered high-risk and would be subjected to invasive inspection at meat inspection. All animals in the low-risk groups (i.e. males, non-grazing or no access to risky water sources, respectively) would be subjected to visual inspection only. It was assumed that half of the cattle were slaughtered in abattoirs that would be able to reorganise the work at the slaughterline, allowing them to do with one meat inspector less. All abattoirs would gain on the price of sold uncut beef from the masseter muscles from visually inspected cattle. Under these assumptions, using gender and grazing were preferable due to them having SSSe only slightly lower than the current system, and highest effectiveness ratios, but they had a lower net economic effect (NEE) than the scenario using risky water sources. Using gender to differentiate high and low-risk groups was judged preferable over grazing due to feasibility, because the information is readily available at the slaughter line. The exact total NEE for the cattle sector depends on how many and which of the abattoirs that would be able to reorganise the work at the slaughter line to save money on inspection of the head of carcases. Overall, the SSSe was low in all scenarios leading to undetected BC-positive cattle both in the current meat inspection and under the investigated risk-based meat inspection systems. Therefore, improving the sensitivity of the methods used for inspection of high-risk cattle would be beneficial. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 57.100 - Specific exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT (CONTINUED) INSPECTION OF EGGS (EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT) Regulations Governing the Inspection of Eggs Exemptions § 57.100 Specific... production directly to a household consumer exclusively for use by such consumer and members of his household...

7 CFR 57.100 - Specific exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT (CONTINUED) INSPECTION OF EGGS (EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT) Regulations Governing the Inspection of Eggs Exemptions § 57.100 Specific... production directly to a household consumer exclusively for use by such consumer and members of his household...

7 CFR 57.100 - Specific exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT (CONTINUED) INSPECTION OF EGGS (EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT) Regulations Governing the Inspection of Eggs Exemptions § 57.100 Specific... production directly to a household consumer exclusively for use by such consumer and members of his household...

7 CFR 57.100 - Specific exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT (CONTINUED) INSPECTION OF EGGS (EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT) Regulations Governing the Inspection of Eggs Exemptions § 57.100 Specific... production directly to a household consumer exclusively for use by such consumer and members of his household...

78 FR 31867 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-28

... fitting, frame supports, forward and aft inner chords, and floor support; doing an inspection for cracking... if necessary; for certain airplanes, support frame modification and support frame inspections, and... frame post-modification inspections and inspections for cracking in the hinge support, and related...

78 FR 27001 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-09

... one-time mid- frequency eddy current (MFEC) inspection, a low-frequency eddy current (LFEC) inspection... new AD instead requires repetitive external eddy current inspections for cracking of certain fuselage crown lap joints, and corrective actions if necessary; internal eddy current and detailed inspections...

Construction engineering inspection direct cost survey.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

The objective of the study was to provide a rationale to Georgia Department of Transportation : (GDOT) for Direct Costs in terms of salary and wages charged by qualified independent : contractors performing Construction Engineering Inspection (CEI) s...

An approach to defect inspection for packing presswork with virtual orientation points and threshold template image

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, Xiangyang; Liu, Songlin; Zhao, Fulai; Jiang, Lixing

2015-05-01

The packing presswork is an important factor of industrial product, especially for the luxury commodities such as cigarettes. In order to ensure the packing presswork to be qualified, the products should be inspected and unqualified one be picked out piece by piece with the vision-based inspection method, which has such advantages as no-touch inspection, high efficiency and automation. Vision-based inspection of packing presswork mainly consists of steps as image acquisition, image registration and defect inspection. The registration between inspected image and reference image is the foundation and premise of visual inspection. In order to realize rapid, reliable and accurate image registration, a registration method based on virtual orientation points is put forward. The precision of registration between inspected image and reference image can reach to sub pixels. Since defect is without fixed position, shape, size and color, three measures are taken to improve the inspection effect. Firstly, the concept of threshold template image is put forward to resolve the problem of variable threshold of intensity difference. Secondly, the color difference is calculated by comparing each pixel with the adjacent pixels of its correspondence on reference image to avoid false defect resulted from color registration error. Thirdly, the strategy of image pyramid is applied in the inspection algorithm to enhance the inspection efficiency. Experiments show that the related algorithm is effective to defect inspection and it takes 27.4 ms on average to inspect a piece of cigarette packing presswork.

Development of Inspection and Investigation Techniques to Prepare Debris Flow in Urban Areas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seong, Joo-Hyun; Jung, Min-Hyeong; Park, Kyung-Han; An, Jai-Wook; Kim, Jiseong

2017-04-01

Due to the urban development, various facilities are located in mountainous areas near the city, and the damage to the occurrence of the debris flow is increasing in the urban area. However, quantitative inspection and investigation techniques are not sufficient for preparing debris flow in the urban area around the world. Therefore, in this study, we developed the debris flow inspection and investigation techniques, which are suitable for urban characteristics, regarding the soil hazard prevention and restoration in urban area. First, the inspection and investigation system is divided into the daily occurrence and the occurrence of the soil hazard event, and the inspection / investigation flow chart were developed based on the kind of inspection and correspondence required for each situation. The types of inspections applied in this study were determined as daily inspection, regular inspections, special emergency inspection, damage emergency inspection and In-depth safety inspection. The management agency, term of inspection, objects to be inspected, and contents of inspection work were presented according to type of each inspection. The daily inspection routinely checks for signs of collapse and conditions of facilities in urban areas which show vulnerability for soil hazard and that are conducted from the management agency. In the case of regular inspection, an expert for soil hazards regularly conducts detailed visual surveys on mountainous areas, steep slopes, prevention facilities and adjacent facilities in vulnerable areas. On the other hand, it was decided that the emergency inspection is carried out in the event of the occurrence of vulnerable element or soil hazards. Acknowledgement This study was conducted with the research iund support by the constructiontechnology research project of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (project number 16SCIP-B069989-04)

On condition evaluation of axle unit bearings of wheel pair

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glotov, V. V.; Romashchenko, M. A.; Ostroumov, I. V.; Kondratiev, Il V.

2018-03-01

At present, axle units of freight cars undergo a complete checkup with disassembling and visual inspection of the bearing parts every five years. During an annual interim checkup, external inspection of an axle box with removed cap is carried out and the lubricant condition is checked. The state of the rolling surfaces of bearings during an interim checkup should be assessed using the known methods of nondestructive testing.

STS-113 workers work on oxygen leak in Endeavor's mid-body

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Workers on Launch Pad 39A perform checks on Endeavour?s oxygen flex hose fitting through manual inspection and using helium detectors. Visual inspection found a deformity in the flex line braid where it connects to rigid tubing. The entire flex hose assembly and bulkhead fitting were removed early today, and work is under way to complete the installation of a replacement.

78 FR 71998 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-02

... initial and repetitive [detailed or eddy current] inspections [for cracking and damage and replacement if... the detailed or eddy current inspection for cracking of the pilot-side rudder pedal tubes, specified... within 600 flight cycles thereafter. (2) If the most recent inspection was an eddy current inspection...

77 FR 61550 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-10

... inspection required by AD 2003-14-06 only terminates the external eddy current inspections required by..., which should not terminate the detailed or eddy current inspection, as specified. We find that... terminating action ``before the effective date of this AD'' terminates the eddy current inspections required...

AE (Acoustic Emission) for Flip-Chip CGA/FCBGA Defect Detection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ghaffarian, Reza

2014-01-01

C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM) is a nondestructive inspection technique that uses ultrasound to show the internal feature of a specimen. A very high or ultra-high-frequency ultrasound passes through a specimen to produce a visible acoustic microimage (AMI) of its inner features. As ultrasound travels into a specimen, the wave is absorbed, scattered or reflected. The response is highly sensitive to the elastic properties of the materials and is especially sensitive to air gaps. This specific characteristic makes AMI the preferred method for finding "air gaps" such as delamination, cracks, voids, and porosity. C-SAM analysis, which is a type of AMI, was widely used in the past for evaluation of plastic microelectronic circuits, especially for detecting delamination of direct die bonding. With the introduction of the flip-chip die attachment in a package; its use has been expanded to nondestructive characterization of the flip-chip solder bumps and underfill. Figure 1.1 compares visual and C-SAM inspection approaches for defect detection, especially for solder joint interconnections and hidden defects. C-SAM is specifically useful for package features like internal cracks and delamination. C-SAM not only allows for the visualization of the interior features, it has the ability to produce images on layer-by-layer basis. Visual inspection; however, is only superior to C-SAM for the exposed features including solder dewetting, microcracks, and contamination. Ideally, a combination of various inspection techniques - visual, optical and SEM microscopy, C-SAM, and X-ray - need to be performed in order to assure quality at part, package, and system levels. This reports presents evaluations performed on various advanced packages/assemblies, especially the flip-chip die version of ball grid array/column grid array (BGA/CGA) using C-SAM equipment. Both external and internal equipment was used for evaluation. The outside facility provided images of the key features that could be detected using the most advanced C-SAM equipment with a skilled operator. Investigation continued using in-house equipment with its limitations. For comparison, representative X-rays of the assemblies were also gathered to show key defect detection features of these non-destructive techniques. Key images gathered and compared are: Compared the images of 2D X-ray and C-SAM for a plastic LGA assembly showing features that could be detected by either NDE technique. For this specific case, X-ray was a clear winner. Evaluated flip-chip CGA and FCBGA assemblies with and without heat sink by C-SAM. Only the FCCGA package that had no heat sink could be fully analyzed for underfill and bump quality. Cross-sectional microscopy did not revealed peripheral delamination features detected by C-SAM. Analyzed a number of fine pitch PBGA assemblies by C-SAM. Even though the internal features of the package assemblies could be detected, C-SAM was unable to detect solder joint failure at either the package or board level. Twenty times touch ups by solder iron with 700degF tip temperature, each with about 5 second duration, did not induce defects to be detected by C-SAM images. Other techniques need to be considered to induce known defects for characterization. Given NASA's emphasis on the use of microelectronic packages and assemblies and quality assurance on workmanship defect detection, understanding key features of various inspection systems that detect defects in the early stages of package and assembly is critical to developing approaches that will minimize future failures. Additional specific, tailored non-destructive inspection approaches could enable low-risk insertion of these advanced electronic packages having hidden and fine features.

Research on metallic material defect detection based on bionic sensing of human visual properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Pei Jiang; Cheng, Tao

2018-05-01

Due to the fact that human visual system can quickly lock the areas of interest in complex natural environment and focus on it, this paper proposes an eye-based visual attention mechanism by simulating human visual imaging features based on human visual attention mechanism Bionic Sensing Visual Inspection Model Method to Detect Defects of Metallic Materials in the Mechanical Field. First of all, according to the biologically visually significant low-level features, the mark of defect experience marking is used as the intermediate feature of simulated visual perception. Afterwards, SVM method was used to train the advanced features of visual defects of metal material. According to the weight of each party, the biometrics detection model of metal material defect, which simulates human visual characteristics, is obtained.

Characterization of Volitional Electromyographic Signals in the Lower Extremity After Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury.

PubMed

Heald, Elizabeth; Hart, Ronald; Kilgore, Kevin; Peckham, P Hunter

2017-06-01

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of intact axons across a spinal cord lesion, even in those clinically diagnosed with complete spinal cord injury (SCI). These axons may allow volitional motor signals to be transmitted through the injury, even in the absence of visible muscle contraction. To demonstrate the presence of volitional electromyographic (EMG) activity below the lesion in motor complete SCI and to characterize this activity to determine its value for potential use as a neuroprosthetic command source. Twenty-four subjects with complete (AIS A or B), chronic, cervical SCI were tested for the presence of volitional below-injury EMG activity. Surface electrodes recorded from 8 to 12 locations of each lower limb, while participants were asked to attempt specific movements of the lower extremity in response to visual and audio cues. EMG trials were ranked through visual inspection, and were scored using an amplitude threshold algorithm to identify channels of interest with volitional motor unit activity. Significant below-injury muscle activity was identified through visual inspection in 16 of 24 participants, and visual inspection rankings were well correlated to the algorithm scoring. The surface EMG protocol utilized here is relatively simple and noninvasive, ideal for a clinical screening tool. The majority of subjects tested were able to produce a volitional EMG signal below their injury level, and the algorithm developed allows automatic identification of signals of interest. The presence of this volitional activity in the lower extremity could provide an innovative new command signal source for implanted neuroprostheses or other assistive technology.

Fast Industrial Inspection of Optical Thin Film Using Optical Coherence Tomography

PubMed Central

Shirazi, Muhammad Faizan; Park, Kibeom; Wijesinghe, Ruchire Eranga; Jeong, Hyosang; Han, Sangyeob; Kim, Pilun; Jeon, Mansik; Kim, Jeehyun

2016-01-01

An application of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was demonstrated for a fast industrial inspection of an optical thin film panel. An optical thin film sample similar to a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel was examined. Two identical SD-OCT systems were utilized for parallel scanning of a complete sample in half time. Dual OCT inspection heads were utilized for transverse (fast) scanning, while a stable linear motorized translational stage was used for lateral (slow) scanning. The cross-sectional and volumetric images of an optical thin film sample were acquired to detect the defects in glass and other layers that are difficult to observe using visual inspection methods. The rapid inspection enabled by this setup led to the early detection of product defects on the manufacturing line, resulting in a significant improvement in the quality assurance of industrial products. PMID:27690043

ANNUAL RADIOACTIVE WASTE TANK INSPECTION PROGRAM- 2007

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

West, B; Ruel Waltz, R

2008-06-05

Aqueous radioactive wastes from Savannah River Site (SRS) separations and vitrification processes are contained in large underground carbon steel tanks. The 2007 inspection program revealed that the structural integrity and waste confinement capability of the Savannah River Site waste tanks were maintained. A very small amount of material had seeped from Tank 12 from a previously identified leaksite. The material observed had dried on the tank wall and did not reach the annulus floor. A total of 5945 photographs were made and 1221 visual and video inspections were performed during 2007. Additionally, ultrasonic testing was performed on four Waste Tanksmore » (15, 36, 37 and 38) in accordance with approved inspection plans that met the requirements of WSRC-TR-2002- 00061, Revision 2 'In-Service Inspection Program for High Level Waste Tanks'. The Ultrasonic Testing (UT) In-Service Inspections (ISI) are documented in a separate report that is prepared by the ISI programmatic Level III UT Analyst. Tanks 15, 36, 37 and 38 are documented in 'Tank Inspection NDE Results for Fiscal Year 2007'; WSRC-TR-2007-00064.« less

77 FR 60889 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-05

... repetitive inspections for cracks and a chemical spot test in the area of station (STA) 908, and related... FR 32918). That NPRM proposed to require repetitive inspections for cracks and a chemical spot test... inspection, repetitive inspections, and chemical spot test requirements, by replacing the butt strap with a...

78 FR 28152 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-14

... series airplanes. The existing AD currently requires repetitive inspections of the 80VU rack lower lateral fittings for damage; repetitive inspections of the 80VU rack lower central support for cracking... fittings of the 80VU rack. This proposed AD would reduce the inspection compliance time, add an inspection...

78 FR 60807 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-02

... frequency eddy current (HFEC) inspection of the bear strap; External detailed and HFEC inspections of the... 737-53A1329, dated June 4, 2013, specifies contacting the manufacturer for inspection instructions... an internal detailed inspection of the skin assembly and bear strap, an internal high frequency eddy...

76 FR 38072 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 777 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

... above. This proposed AD would require repetitive detailed inspection and high frequency eddy current... high frequency eddy current (HFEC) inspection for cracks in the WCS web pockets of spanwise beams... = 160 frequency eddy current inspection per hour = $4,250 inspection cycle. airplanes x $4,250 of...

75 FR 16657 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B2-1C, B2K-3C, B2-203, B4-2C, B4-103, and B4-203...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... phasing inspections and magnetic plug inspections for metal particles on the drain plug using detailed... inspections and magnetic plug inspections for metal particles on the drain plug using detailed inspection..., but the magnetic plug inspection reveals metal particles with dimensions greater than 1.5 mm (0.059 in...

Simultaneous Analysis and Quality Assurance for Diffusion Tensor Imaging

PubMed Central

Lauzon, Carolyn B.; Asman, Andrew J.; Esparza, Michael L.; Burns, Scott S.; Fan, Qiuyun; Gao, Yurui; Anderson, Adam W.; Davis, Nicole; Cutting, Laurie E.; Landman, Bennett A.

2013-01-01

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables non-invasive, cyto-architectural mapping of in vivo tissue microarchitecture through voxel-wise mathematical modeling of multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions, each differently sensitized to water diffusion. DTI computations are fundamentally estimation processes and are sensitive to noise and artifacts. Despite widespread adoption in the neuroimaging community, maintaining consistent DTI data quality remains challenging given the propensity for patient motion, artifacts associated with fast imaging techniques, and the possibility of hardware changes/failures. Furthermore, the quantity of data acquired per voxel, the non-linear estimation process, and numerous potential use cases complicate traditional visual data inspection approaches. Currently, quality inspection of DTI data has relied on visual inspection and individual processing in DTI analysis software programs (e.g. DTIPrep, DTI-studio). However, recent advances in applied statistical methods have yielded several different metrics to assess noise level, artifact propensity, quality of tensor fit, variance of estimated measures, and bias in estimated measures. To date, these metrics have been largely studied in isolation. Herein, we select complementary metrics for integration into an automatic DTI analysis and quality assurance pipeline. The pipeline completes in 24 hours, stores statistical outputs, and produces a graphical summary quality analysis (QA) report. We assess the utility of this streamlined approach for empirical quality assessment on 608 DTI datasets from pediatric neuroimaging studies. The efficiency and accuracy of quality analysis using the proposed pipeline is compared with quality analysis based on visual inspection. The unified pipeline is found to save a statistically significant amount of time (over 70%) while improving the consistency of QA between a DTI expert and a pool of research associates. Projection of QA metrics to a low dimensional manifold reveal qualitative, but clear, QA-study associations and suggest that automated outlier/anomaly detection would be feasible. PMID:23637895

Simultaneous analysis and quality assurance for diffusion tensor imaging.

PubMed

Lauzon, Carolyn B; Asman, Andrew J; Esparza, Michael L; Burns, Scott S; Fan, Qiuyun; Gao, Yurui; Anderson, Adam W; Davis, Nicole; Cutting, Laurie E; Landman, Bennett A

2013-01-01

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables non-invasive, cyto-architectural mapping of in vivo tissue microarchitecture through voxel-wise mathematical modeling of multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions, each differently sensitized to water diffusion. DTI computations are fundamentally estimation processes and are sensitive to noise and artifacts. Despite widespread adoption in the neuroimaging community, maintaining consistent DTI data quality remains challenging given the propensity for patient motion, artifacts associated with fast imaging techniques, and the possibility of hardware changes/failures. Furthermore, the quantity of data acquired per voxel, the non-linear estimation process, and numerous potential use cases complicate traditional visual data inspection approaches. Currently, quality inspection of DTI data has relied on visual inspection and individual processing in DTI analysis software programs (e.g. DTIPrep, DTI-studio). However, recent advances in applied statistical methods have yielded several different metrics to assess noise level, artifact propensity, quality of tensor fit, variance of estimated measures, and bias in estimated measures. To date, these metrics have been largely studied in isolation. Herein, we select complementary metrics for integration into an automatic DTI analysis and quality assurance pipeline. The pipeline completes in 24 hours, stores statistical outputs, and produces a graphical summary quality analysis (QA) report. We assess the utility of this streamlined approach for empirical quality assessment on 608 DTI datasets from pediatric neuroimaging studies. The efficiency and accuracy of quality analysis using the proposed pipeline is compared with quality analysis based on visual inspection. The unified pipeline is found to save a statistically significant amount of time (over 70%) while improving the consistency of QA between a DTI expert and a pool of research associates. Projection of QA metrics to a low dimensional manifold reveal qualitative, but clear, QA-study associations and suggest that automated outlier/anomaly detection would be feasible.

ANNUAL RADIOACTIVE WASTE TANK INSPECTION PROGRAM - 2011

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

West, B.; Waltz, R.

2012-06-21

Aqueous radioactive wastes from Savannah River Site (SRS) separations and vitrification processes are contained in large underground carbon steel tanks. Inspections made during 2011 to evaluate these vessels and other waste handling facilities along with evaluations based on data from previous inspections are the subject of this report. The 2011 inspection program revealed that the structural integrity and waste confinement capability of the Savannah River Site waste tanks were maintained. All inspections scheduled per SRR-LWE-2011-00026, HLW Tank Farm Inspection Plan for 2011, were completed. Ultrasonic measurements (UT) performed in 2011 met the requirements of C-ESR-G-00006, In-Service Inspection Program for Highmore » Level Waste Tanks, Rev. 3, and WSRC-TR-2002-00061, Rev.6. UT inspections were performed on Tanks 25, 26 and 34 and the findings are documented in SRNL-STI-2011-00495, Tank Inspection NDE Results for Fiscal Year 2011, Waste Tanks 25, 26, 34 and 41. A total of 5813 photographs were made and 835 visual and video inspections were performed during 2011. A potential leaksite was discovered at Tank 4 during routine annual inspections performed in 2011. The new crack, which is above the allowable fill level, resulted in no release to the environment or tank annulus. The location of the crack is documented in C-ESR-G-00003, SRS High Level Waste Tank Leaksite Information, Rev.6.« less

Computerized fracture critical and specialized bridge inspection program with NDE applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fish, Philip E.

1998-03-01

Wisconsin Department of Transportation implemented a Fracture Critical & Specialized Inspection Program in 1987. The program has a strong emphasis on Nondestructive Testing (NDT). The program is also completely computerized, using laptop computers to gather field data, digital cameras for pictures, and testing equipment with download features. Final inspection reports with detailed information can be delivered within days of the inspection. The program requires an experienced inspection team and qualified personnel. Individuals performing testing must be licensed ASNT (American Society for Nondestructive Testing) Level III and must be licensed Certified Weld Inspectors (American Welding Society). Several critical steps have been developed to assure that each inspection identifies all possible deficiencies that may be possible on a Fracture Critical or Unique Bridge. They include; review of all existing plans and maintenance history; identification of fracture critical members, identification of critical connection details, welds, & fatigue prone details, development of visual and NDE inspection plan; field inspection procedures; and a detailed formal report. The program has found several bridges with critical fatigue conditions which have resulted in replacement or major rehabilitation. In addition, remote monitoring systems have been installed on structures with serious cracking to monitor for changing conditions.

The impact of ageing and gender on visual mental imagery processes: A study of performance on tasks from the Complete Visual Mental Imagery Battery (CVMIB).

PubMed

Palermo, Liana; Piccardi, Laura; Nori, Raffaella; Giusberti, Fiorella; Guariglia, Cecilia

2016-09-01

In this study we aim to evaluate the impact of ageing and gender on different visual mental imagery processes. Two hundred and fifty-one participants (130 women and 121 men; age range = 18-77 years) were given an extensive neuropsychological battery including tasks probing the generation, maintenance, inspection, and transformation of visual mental images (Complete Visual Mental Imagery Battery, CVMIB). Our results show that all mental imagery processes with the exception of the maintenance are affected by ageing, suggesting that other deficits, such as working memory deficits, could account for this effect. However, the analysis of the transformation process, investigated in terms of mental rotation and mental folding skills, shows a steeper decline in mental rotation, suggesting that age could affect rigid transformations of objects and spare non-rigid transformations. Our study also adds to previous ones in showing gender differences favoring men across the lifespan in the transformation process, and, interestingly, it shows a steeper decline in men than in women in inspecting mental images, which could partially account for the mixed results about the effect of ageing on this specific process. We also discuss the possibility to introduce the CVMIB in clinical assessment in the context of theoretical models of mental imagery.

78 FR 21576 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-11

... with Inspection Condition 5: Repeat the high frequency eddy current or magnetic particle inspection to... latch pins for discrepancies; and an HFEC or magnetic particle inspection of cam latch 1 and cam latch 2...

Visualization of scoliotic spine using ultrasound-accessible skeletal landmarks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Church, Ben; Lasso, Andras; Schlenger, Christopher; Borschneck, Daniel P.; Mousavi, Parvin; Fichtinger, Gabor; Ungi, Tamas

2017-03-01

PURPOSE: Ultrasound imaging is an attractive alternative to X-ray for scoliosis diagnosis and monitoring due to its safety and inexpensiveness. The transverse processes as skeletal landmarks are accessible by means of ultrasound and are sufficient for quantifying scoliosis, but do not provide an informative visualization of the spine. METHODS: We created a method for visualization of the scoliotic spine using a 3D transform field, resulting from thin-spline interpolation of a landmark-based registration between the transverse processes that we localized in both the patient's ultrasound and an average healthy spine model. Additional anchor points were computationally generated to control the thin-spline interpolation, in order to gain a transform field that accurately represents the deformation of the patient's spine. The transform field is applied to the average spine model, resulting in a 3D surface model depicting the patient's spine. We applied ground truth CT from pediatric scoliosis patients in which we reconstructed the bone surface and localized the transverse processes. We warped the average spine model and analyzed the match between the patient's bone surface and the warped spine. RESULTS: Visual inspection revealed accurate rendering of the scoliotic spine. Notable misalignments occurred mainly in the anterior-posterior direction, and at the first and last vertebrae, which is immaterial for scoliosis quantification. The average Hausdorff distance computed for 4 patients was 2.6 mm. CONCLUSIONS: We achieved qualitatively accurate and intuitive visualization to depict the 3D deformation of the patient's spine when compared to ground truth CT.

Cervical cancer screening with naked-eye visual inspection in Colombia.

PubMed

Murillo, Raul; Luna, Joaquin; Gamboa, Oscar; Osorio, Elkin; Bonilla, Jairo; Cendales, Ricardo

2010-06-01

To assess the accuracy of visual inspection provided by nurses through combining acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) in a low-resource region of Colombia. A cross-sectional study with 4957 women was conducted to evaluate visual inspection techniques as the basis for see-and-treat approaches in cervical cancer control. All women underwent conventional cytology, VIA performed by nurses, and a combination of VIA and VILI. All women underwent colposcopy and biopsies were obtained for any positive test. A total of 762 women underwent biopsy, 4945 women were included in the analysis of conventional cytology, and 4957 were included in the analysis of VIA and VIA-VILI. Positivity rates were 1.3% and 4.3% for HSIL and LSIL cytology, 7.4% for VIA, and 10.1% for VIA-VILI. Sensitivity for cytology was 52.9% and 36.8% for LSIL and HSIL thresholds, 53.6% for VIA, and 68.1% for VIA-VILI. The corresponding specificity was 95.0%, 99.2%, 93.2%, and 90.8% respectively. The parallel combination of VIA-VILI and cytology LSIL-threshold revealed the best performance as a screening strategy. The use of VIA-VILI simulating colposcopic procedures and provided by nurses represents a good alternative for implementing see-and-treat programs in Latin America. Program constraints should be taken into account. Copyright 2010 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using an artificial neural network to classify multicomponent emission lines with integral field spectroscopy from SAMI and S7

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hampton, E. J.; Medling, A. M.; Groves, B.; Kewley, L.; Dopita, M.; Davies, R.; Ho, I.-T.; Kaasinen, M.; Leslie, S.; Sharp, R.; Sweet, S. M.; Thomas, A. D.; Allen, J.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Brough, S.; Bryant, J. J.; Croom, S.; Goodwin, M.; Green, A.; Konstantantopoulos, I. S.; Lawrence, J.; López-Sánchez, Á. R.; Lorente, N. P. F.; McElroy, R.; Owers, M. S.; Richards, S. N.; Shastri, P.

2017-09-01

Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) surveys are changing how we study galaxies and are creating vastly more spectroscopic data available than before. The large number of resulting spectra makes visual inspection of emission line fits an infeasible option. Here, we present a demonstration of an artificial neural network (ANN) that determines the number of Gaussian components needed to describe the complex emission line velocity structures observed in galaxies after being fit with lzifu. We apply our ANN to IFS data for the S7 survey, conducted using the Wide Field Spectrograph on the ANU 2.3 m Telescope, and the SAMI Galaxy Survey, conducted using the SAMI instrument on the 4 m Anglo-Australian Telescope. We use the spectral fitting code lzifu (Ho et al. 2016a) to fit the emission line spectra of individual spaxels from S7 and SAMI data cubes with 1-, 2- and 3-Gaussian components. We demonstrate that using an ANN is comparable to astronomers performing the same visual inspection task of determining the best number of Gaussian components to describe the physical processes in galaxies. The advantage of our ANN is that it is capable of processing the spectra for thousands of galaxies in minutes, as compared to the years this task would take individual astronomers to complete by visual inspection.

COMPILATION OF DISPOSABLE SOLID WASTE CASK EVALUATIONS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

THIELGES, J.R.; CHASTAIN, S.A.

The Disposable Solid Waste Cask (DSWC) is a shielded cask capable of transporting, storing, and disposing of six non-fuel core components or approximately 27 cubic feet of radioactive solid waste. Five existing DSWCs are candidates for use in storing and disposing of non-fuel core components and radioactive solid waste from the Interim Examination and Maintenance Cell, ultimately shipping them to the 200 West Area disposal site for burial. A series of inspections, studies, analyses, and modifications were performed to ensure that these casks can be used to safely ship solid waste. These inspections, studies, analyses, and modifications are summarized andmore » attached in this report. Visual inspection of the casks interiors provided information with respect to condition of the casks inner liners. Because water was allowed to enter the casks for varying lengths of time, condition of the cask liner pipe to bottom plate weld was of concern. Based on the visual inspection and a corrosion study, it was concluded that four of the five casks can be used from a corrosion standpoint. Only DSWC S/N-004 would need additional inspection and analysis to determine its usefulness. The five remaining DSWCs underwent some modification to prepare them for use. The existing cask lifting inserts were found to be corroded and deemed unusable. New lifting anchor bolts were installed to replace the existing anchors. Alternate lift lugs were fabricated for use with the new lifting anchor bolts. The cask tiedown frame was modified to facilitate adjustment of the cask tiedowns. As a result of the above mentioned inspections, studies, analysis, and modifications, four of the five existing casks can be used to store and transport waste from the Interim Examination and Maintenance Cell to the disposal site for burial. The fifth cask, DSWC S/N-004, would require further inspections before it could be used.« less

A laser-based vision system for weld quality inspection.

PubMed

Huang, Wei; Kovacevic, Radovan

2011-01-01

Welding is a very complex process in which the final weld quality can be affected by many process parameters. In order to inspect the weld quality and detect the presence of various weld defects, different methods and systems are studied and developed. In this paper, a laser-based vision system is developed for non-destructive weld quality inspection. The vision sensor is designed based on the principle of laser triangulation. By processing the images acquired from the vision sensor, the geometrical features of the weld can be obtained. Through the visual analysis of the acquired 3D profiles of the weld, the presences as well as the positions and sizes of the weld defects can be accurately identified and therefore, the non-destructive weld quality inspection can be achieved.

A Laser-Based Vision System for Weld Quality Inspection

PubMed Central

Huang, Wei; Kovacevic, Radovan

2011-01-01

Welding is a very complex process in which the final weld quality can be affected by many process parameters. In order to inspect the weld quality and detect the presence of various weld defects, different methods and systems are studied and developed. In this paper, a laser-based vision system is developed for non-destructive weld quality inspection. The vision sensor is designed based on the principle of laser triangulation. By processing the images acquired from the vision sensor, the geometrical features of the weld can be obtained. Through the visual analysis of the acquired 3D profiles of the weld, the presences as well as the positions and sizes of the weld defects can be accurately identified and therefore, the non-destructive weld quality inspection can be achieved. PMID:22344308

40 CFR 63.7830 - What are my monitoring requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Integrated Iron and Steel... leaks. (viii) Inspect fans for wear, material buildup, and corrosion through quarterly visual...

49 CFR 180.213 - Requalification markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... eddy current examination combined with a visual inspection, the marking is as illustrated in paragraph..., securely affixed in a manner prescribed by the cylinder manufacturer, near the original manufacturer's...

SU-E-P-20: Personnel Lead Apparel Integrity Inspection: Where We Are and What We Need?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, S; Zhang, J; Anaskevich, L

Purpose: In recent years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to radiation dose reduction, especially for patients who are directly exposed to primary radiation or receive radiopharmaceuticals. Limited efforts have been focused on those personnel who are exposed to secondary radiation while fulfilling their work responsibilities associated with diagnostic imaging and image-guided interventions. Occupational exposure is compounded in daily practice and can lead to a significant radiation dose over time. Personnel lead apparel is a well-accepted engineering control to protect healthcare workers when radiation is inevitable. The question is, do we have a nationally established program to protect personnel? This studymore » is to investigate the lead apparel inspection programs among the USA. Methods: A series of surveys of state regulations, the University Health System Consortium, and federal regulations and regulations determined by accrediting bodies were conducted. The surveys were used to determine the current status of lead apparel programs regarding integrity inspections. Based on the survey results, a thorough program was proposed accordingly. Results: Of 50 states, seventeen states and Washington D.C. require lead apparel integrity inspections within their state regulations. Eleven of these states specify that the inspection is required on an annual basis. Two of these states require lead apron integrity checks to be performed semi-annually. Eleven out of the two hundred academic medical centers surveyed responded. The results show that the method (visually vs. fluoroscopy) used to conduct lead apparel integrity checks differ greatly amongst healthcare organizations. The FDA, EPA, CRCPD and NCRP require lead apparel integrity checks. However, the level of policies is different. A standard program is not well established and clearly there is a lack of standardization. Conclusion: A program led by legislative (state or federal government) and with specific frequency, methods, tracking and criteria is needed to ensure the integrity of personnel lead apparel.« less

Design and Operation of A Setup with A Camera and Adjustable Mirror to Inspect the Sense-Wire Planes of the Time Projection Chamber Inside the MicroBooNE Cryostat

DOE PAGES

Carls, Benjamin; Horton-Smith, Glenn; James, Catherine C.; ...

2015-08-26

Detectors in particle physics, particularly when including cryogenic components, are often enclosed in vessels that do not provide any physical or visual access to the detectors themselves after installation. However, it can be desirable for experiments to visually investigate the inside of the vessel. The MicroBooNE cryostat hosts a TPC with sense-wire planes, which had to be inspected for damage such as breakage or sagging. This inspection was performed after the transportation of the vessel with the enclosed detector to its final location, but before filling with liquid argon. Our paper describes an approach to view the inside of themore » MicroBooNE cryostat with a setup of a camera and a mirror through one of its cryogenic service nozzles. The paper also describes the camera and mirror chosen for the operation, the illumination, and the mechanical structure of the setup. It explains how the system was operated and demonstrates its performance.« less

Evolution of mammographic image quality in the state of Rio de Janeiro*

PubMed Central

Villar, Vanessa Cristina Felippe Lopes; Seta, Marismary Horsth De; de Andrade, Carla Lourenço Tavares; Delamarque, Elizabete Vianna; de Azevedo, Ana Cecília Pedrosa

2015-01-01

Objective To evaluate the evolution of mammographic image quality in the state of Rio de Janeiro on the basis of parameters measured and analyzed during health surveillance inspections in the period from 2006 to 2011. Materials and Methods Descriptive study analyzing parameters connected with imaging quality of 52 mammography apparatuses inspected at least twice with a one-year interval. Results Amongst the 16 analyzed parameters, 7 presented more than 70% of conformity, namely: compression paddle pressure intensity (85.1%), films development (72.7%), film response (72.7%), low contrast fine detail (92.2%), tumor mass visualization (76.5%), absence of image artifacts (94.1%), mammography-specific developers availability (88.2%). On the other hand, relevant parameters were below 50% conformity, namely: monthly image quality control testing (28.8%) and high contrast details with respect to microcalcifications visualization (47.1%). Conclusion The analysis revealed critical situations in terms of compliance with the health surveillance standards. Priority should be given to those mammography apparatuses that remained non-compliant at the second inspection performed within the one-year interval. PMID:25987749

Gamma/x-ray linear pushbroom stereo for 3D cargo inspection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Zhigang; Hu, Yu-Chi

2006-05-01

For evaluating the contents of trucks, containers, cargo, and passenger vehicles by a non-intrusive gamma-ray or X-ray imaging system to determine the possible presence of contraband, three-dimensional (3D) measurements could provide more information than 2D measurements. In this paper, a linear pushbroom scanning model is built for such a commonly used gamma-ray or x-ray cargo inspection system. Accurate 3D measurements of the objects inside a cargo can be obtained by using two such scanning systems with different scanning angles to construct a pushbroom stereo system. A simple but robust calibration method is proposed to find the important parameters of the linear pushbroom sensors. Then, a fast and automated stereo matching algorithm based on free-form deformable registration is developed to obtain 3D measurements of the objects under inspection. A user interface is designed for 3D visualization of the objects in interests. Experimental results of sensor calibration, stereo matching, 3D measurements and visualization of a 3D cargo container and the objects inside, are presented.

32 CFR 701.65 - Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other documents affecting the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Availability, public inspection, and indexing of... Indexing, Public Inspection, and Federal Register Publication of Department of the Navy Directives and Other Documents Affecting the Public § 701.65 Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other...

32 CFR 701.65 - Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other documents affecting the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Availability, public inspection, and indexing of... Indexing, Public Inspection, and Federal Register Publication of Department of the Navy Directives and Other Documents Affecting the Public § 701.65 Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other...

32 CFR 701.65 - Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other documents affecting the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Availability, public inspection, and indexing of... Indexing, Public Inspection, and Federal Register Publication of Department of the Navy Directives and Other Documents Affecting the Public § 701.65 Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other...

32 CFR 701.65 - Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other documents affecting the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Availability, public inspection, and indexing of... Indexing, Public Inspection, and Federal Register Publication of Department of the Navy Directives and Other Documents Affecting the Public § 701.65 Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other...

32 CFR 701.65 - Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other documents affecting the public.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Availability, public inspection, and indexing of... Indexing, Public Inspection, and Federal Register Publication of Department of the Navy Directives and Other Documents Affecting the Public § 701.65 Availability, public inspection, and indexing of other...

77 FR 6688 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-09

... inspection area of the rear spar lower cap from WS 51.00 to WS 49.50 and to modify the ultrasonic inspection... wing station (WS) 51.00, and the wing lower skin. Additional actions, if cracking is found, include... of cracking found outside the inspection area. This proposed AD would extend the inspection area of...

33 CFR 140.101 - Inspection by Coast Guard marine inspectors or Minerals Management Service inspectors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... inspectors or Minerals Management Service inspectors. 140.101 Section 140.101 Navigation and Navigable Waters... Inspections § 140.101 Inspection by Coast Guard marine inspectors or Minerals Management Service inspectors... Minerals Management Service (MMS). (c) Under the direction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection...

40 CFR 265.377 - Monitoring and inspections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... steady state or other appropriate thermal treatment conditions must be made immediately either... process flow and level controls. (2) The stack plume (emissions), where present, must be observed visually...

Automated visual inspection system based on HAVNET architecture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burkett, K.; Ozbayoglu, Murat A.; Dagli, Cihan H.

1994-10-01

In this study, the HAusdorff-Voronoi NETwork (HAVNET) developed at the UMR Smart Engineering Systems Lab is tested in the recognition of mounted circuit components commonly used in printed circuit board assembly systems. The automated visual inspection system used consists of a CCD camera, a neural network based image processing software and a data acquisition card connected to a PC. The experiments are run in the Smart Engineering Systems Lab in the Engineering Management Dept. of the University of Missouri-Rolla. The performance analysis shows that the vision system is capable of recognizing different components under uncontrolled lighting conditions without being effected by rotation or scale differences. The results obtained are promising and the system can be used in real manufacturing environments. Currently the system is being customized for a specific manufacturing application.

Mercury and Venus: Observing by Amateurs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steele, R.; Murdin, P.

2003-04-01

MERCURY presents a solid surface at low resolution, while VENUS offers only a visually opaque but dynamic upper atmospheric layer for inspection. Past amateur study is largely the story of visual techniques applied with moderate instrumentation in order to build up a pictorial and descriptive record, but now amateurs use sophisticated techniques to monitor a broader spectral range and there is sco...

Geometric error analysis for shuttle imaging spectrometer experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, S. J.; Ih, C. H.

1984-01-01

The demand of more powerful tools for remote sensing and management of earth resources steadily increased over the last decade. With the recent advancement of area array detectors, high resolution multichannel imaging spectrometers can be realistically constructed. The error analysis study for the Shuttle Imaging Spectrometer Experiment system is documented for the purpose of providing information for design, tradeoff, and performance prediction. Error sources including the Shuttle attitude determination and control system, instrument pointing and misalignment, disturbances, ephemeris, Earth rotation, etc., were investigated. Geometric error mapping functions were developed, characterized, and illustrated extensively with tables and charts. Selected ground patterns and the corresponding image distortions were generated for direct visual inspection of how the various error sources affect the appearance of the ground object images.

CANDU in-reactor quantitative visual-based inspection techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rochefort, P. A.

2009-02-01

This paper describes two separate visual-based inspection procedures used at CANDU nuclear power generating stations. The techniques are quantitative in nature and are delivered and operated in highly radioactive environments with access that is restrictive, and in one case is submerged. Visual-based inspections at stations are typically qualitative in nature. For example a video system will be used to search for a missing component, inspect for a broken fixture, or locate areas of excessive corrosion in a pipe. In contrast, the methods described here are used to measure characteristic component dimensions that in one case ensure ongoing safe operation of the reactor and in the other support reactor refurbishment. CANDU reactors are Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR). The reactor vessel is a horizontal cylindrical low-pressure calandria tank approximately 6 m in diameter and length, containing heavy water as a neutron moderator. Inside the calandria, 380 horizontal fuel channels (FC) are supported at each end by integral end-shields. Each FC holds 12 fuel bundles. The heavy water primary heat transport water flows through the FC pressure tube, removing the heat from the fuel bundles and delivering it to the steam generator. The general design of the reactor governs both the type of measurements that are required and the methods to perform the measurements. The first inspection procedure is a method to remotely measure the gap between FC and other in-core horizontal components. The technique involves delivering vertically a module with a high-radiation-resistant camera and lighting into the core of a shutdown but fuelled reactor. The measurement is done using a line-of-sight technique between the components. Compensation for image perspective and viewing elevation to the measurement is required. The second inspection procedure measures flaws within the reactor's end shield FC calandria tube rolled joint area. The FC calandria tube (the outer shell of the FC) is sealed by rolling its ends into the rolled joint area. During reactor refurbishment, the original FC calandria tubes are removed, potentially scratching the rolled joint area and, thereby, compromising the seal with the new FC calandria tube. The procedure involves delivering an inspection module having a radiation-resistant camera, standard lighting, and a structured lighting projector. The surface is inspected by rotating the module within the rolled joint area. If a flaw is detected, its depth and width are gauged from the profile variation of the structured lighting in a captured image. As well, the diameter profile of the area is measured from the analysis of a series of captured circumferential images of the structured lighting profiles on the surface.

Methodology For Reduction Of Sampling On The Visual Inspection Of Developed And Etched Wafers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van de Ven, Jamie S.; Khorasani, Fred

1989-07-01

There is a lot of inspection in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices. Generally, the more important a manufacturing step, the higher is the level of inspection. In some cases 100% of the wafers are inspected after certain steps. Inspection is a non-value added and expensive activity. It requires an army of "inspectors," often times expensive equipment and becomes a "bottle neck" when the level of inspection is high. Although inspection helps identify quality problems, it hurts productivity. The new management, quality and productivity philosophies recommend against over inspection. [Point #3 in Dr. Deming's 14 Points for Management (1)] 100% inspection is quite unnecessary . Often the nature of a process allows us to reduce inspection drastically and still maintain a high level of confidence in quality. In section 2, we discuss such situations and show that some elementary probability theory allows us to determine sample sizes and measure the chances of catching a bad "lot" and accepting a good lot. In section 3, we provide an example and application of the theory, and make a few comments on money and time saved because of this work. Finally, in section 4, we draw some conclusions about the new quality and productivity philosophies and how applied statisticians and engineers should study every situation individually and avoid blindly using methods and tables given in books.

Preliminary verification for application of a support vector machine-based cloud detection method to GOSAT-2 CAI-2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oishi, Yu; Ishida, Haruma; Nakajima, Takashi Y.; Nakamura, Ryosuke; Matsunaga, Tsuneo

2018-05-01

The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) was launched in 2009 to measure global atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations. GOSAT is equipped with two sensors: the Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observations (TANSO)-Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and TANSO-Cloud and Aerosol Imager (CAI). The presence of clouds in the instantaneous field of view of the FTS leads to incorrect estimates of the concentrations. Thus, the FTS data suspected to have cloud contamination must be identified by a CAI cloud discrimination algorithm and rejected. Conversely, overestimating clouds reduces the amount of FTS data that can be used to estimate greenhouse gas concentrations. This is a serious problem in tropical rainforest regions, such as the Amazon, where the amount of useable FTS data is small because of cloud cover. Preparations are continuing for the launch of the GOSAT-2 in fiscal year 2018. To improve the accuracy of the estimates of greenhouse gases concentrations, we need to refine the existing CAI cloud discrimination algorithm: Cloud and Aerosol Unbiased Decision Intellectual Algorithm (CLAUDIA1). A new cloud discrimination algorithm using a support vector machine (CLAUDIA3) was developed and presented in another paper. Although the use of visual inspection of clouds as a standard for judging is not practical for screening a full satellite data set, it has the advantage of allowing for locally optimized thresholds, while CLAUDIA1 and -3 use common global thresholds. Thus, the accuracy of visual inspection is better than that of these algorithms in most regions, with the exception of snow- and ice-covered surfaces, where there is not enough spectral contrast to identify cloud. In other words, visual inspection results can be used as truth data for accuracy evaluation of CLAUDIA1 and -3. For this reason visual inspection can be used for the truth metric for the cloud discrimination verification exercise. In this study, we compared CLAUDIA1-CAI and CLAUDIA3-CAI for various land cover types, and evaluated the accuracy of CLAUDIA3-CAI by comparing both CLAUDIA1-CAI and CLAUDIA3-CAI with visual inspection (400 × 400 pixels) of the same CAI images in tropical rainforests. Comparative results between CLAUDIA1-CAI and CLAUDIA3-CAI for various land cover types indicated that CLAUDIA3-CAI had a tendency to identify bright surface and optically thin clouds. However, CLAUDIA3-CAI had a tendency to misjudge the edges of clouds compared with CLAUDIA1-CAI. The accuracy of CLAUDIA3-CAI was approximately 89.5 % in tropical rainforests, which is greater than that of CLAUDIA1-CAI (85.9 %) for the test cases presented here.

A Prospective, Randomized Crossover Study Comparing Direct Inspection by Light Microscopy versus Projected Images for Teaching of Hematopathology to Medical Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, Aaron M.; McPhail, Ellen D.; Rodriguez, Vilmarie; Schroeder, Georgene; Wolanskyj, Alexandra P.

2014-01-01

Instruction in hematopathology at Mayo Medical School has evolved from instructor-guided direct inspection under the light microscope (laboratory method), to photomicrographs of glass slides with classroom projection (projection method). These methods have not been compared directly to date. Forty-one second-year medical students participated in…

Baxter elastomeric pumps: Weighing as an alternative to visual inspection.

PubMed

Cusano, Ellen L; Ali, Raafi; Sawyer, Michael B; Chambers, Carole R; Tang, Patricia A

2018-04-01

Purpose Elastomeric pumps are used to administer 46-hour infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Baxter suggests patients visually monitor their pumps to ensure that infusions are proceeding correctly. This can be confusing and lead to concerns about under- or over-dosing. Baxter has not considered weighing pumps as a validated method for monitoring. This study aims to validate weighing as a more accurate method for patients and healthcare professionals, and describe real life Baxter Infusor™ variability. Methods Patients who had been started on a 46-hour 5FU infusion returned to the clinic approximately 24 h after starting treatment. The pump was weighed on a StarFrit kitchen scale, and date, time, and weights recorded. Patients were asked if they had a preference for weighing or visually inspecting their pump. Results Pumps ( n = 103) were weighed between 17.25 and 27.5 h after connection. The average weight of a pump was 189 g. Of 103 pumps weighed, 99 weighed less than expected, corresponding to average flow rates of 5.69 mL/h over the elapsed time. The expected flow rate is 5 mL/h with 10% variability. Average flow rates within the 17.25- to 27.5-hour window were 4.561 mL/h, which is 8.78% slower than expected, but within the 10% known variability. Forty-seven percent of patients didn't have a preference for either method, but for those who did have a preference, more than twice as many preferred weighing. Conclusion With proper education, weighing Baxter Infusors at home with kitchen scales can be an accepted and objective alternative to the current recommendation of visual inspection.

Improving the competency of dental hygiene students in detecting dental restorations using quantitative light-induced fluorescence technology.

PubMed

Oh, Hye-Young; Jung, Hoi-In; Lee, Jeong-Woo; de Jong, Elbert de Josselin; Kim, Baek-Il

2017-03-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology in detecting dental restorations by comparing the detection ability of dental hygiene students between using conventional visual inspection alone and visual inspection combined with QLF technology. The subjects of this study comprised 92 dental hygiene students. The students assigned to the control group only used white-light images to visually assess the mouth environment, while those in the experimental group additionally used fluorescence images. Using the test results of an experienced inspector as a reference value, the agreement between the reference value and the evaluation results of the students in the experimental and control groups was evaluated using Cohen's kappa and the percentage agreement. The subjects were then classified into groups covering three percentage ranges according to the score distribution and agreement values of the three groups were compared. The percentage agreement was calculated according to the type of dental restorations. The mean kappa value was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (0.70 vs 0.60, p<0.001), as was the percentage agreement (80.06% vs 72.64%, p<0.001). The agreement rate when using QLF technology increased by 8% more in the middle and bottom percentage groups than in the top percentage group (p<0.001). The agreement rate also varied with the type of restoration, being significantly higher for a sound tooth or tooth-colored restoration in the experimental group (p<0.001). Combining QLF technology with conventional visual inspections could improve the ability to detect dental restorations and distinguish sound teeth from aesthetic restorations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Quantitative MR Volumetry in Detection of Hippocampal Atrophy

PubMed Central

Farid, Nikdokht; Girard, Holly M.; Kemmotsu, Nobuko; Smith, Michael E.; Magda, Sebastian W.; Lim, Wei Y.; Lee, Roland R.

2012-01-01

Purpose: To determine the ability of fully automated volumetric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to depict hippocampal atrophy (HA) and to help correctly lateralize the seizure focus in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with institutional review board approval and in compliance with HIPAA regulations. Volumetric MR imaging data were analyzed for 34 patients with TLE and 116 control subjects. Structural volumes were calculated by using U.S. Food and Drug Administration–cleared software for automated quantitative MR imaging analysis (NeuroQuant). Results of quantitative MR imaging were compared with visual detection of atrophy, and, when available, with histologic specimens. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to determine the optimal sensitivity and specificity of quantitative MR imaging for detecting HA and asymmetry. A linear classifier with cross validation was used to estimate the ability of quantitative MR imaging to help lateralize the seizure focus. Results: Quantitative MR imaging–derived hippocampal asymmetries discriminated patients with TLE from control subjects with high sensitivity (86.7%–89.5%) and specificity (92.2%–94.1%). When a linear classifier was used to discriminate left versus right TLE, hippocampal asymmetry achieved 94% classification accuracy. Volumetric asymmetries of other subcortical structures did not improve classification. Compared with invasive video electroencephalographic recordings, lateralization accuracy was 88% with quantitative MR imaging and 85% with visual inspection of volumetric MR imaging studies but only 76% with visual inspection of clinical MR imaging studies. Conclusion: Quantitative MR imaging can depict the presence and laterality of HA in TLE with accuracy rates that may exceed those achieved with visual inspection of clinical MR imaging studies. Thus, quantitative MR imaging may enhance standard visual analysis, providing a useful and viable means for translating volumetric analysis into clinical practice. © RSNA, 2012 Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12112638/-/DC1 PMID:22723496

Automated Eddy Current Inspection on Space Shuttle Hardware

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartmann, John; Felker, Jeremy

2007-01-01

Over the life time of the Space Shuttle program, metal parts used for the Reusable Solid Rocket Motors (RSRMs) have been nondestructively inspected for cracks and surface breaking discontinuities using magnetic particle (steel) and penetrant methods. Although these inspections adequately screened for critical sized cracks in most regions of the hardware, it became apparent after detection of several sub-critical flaws that the processes were very dependent on operator attentiveness and training. Throughout the 1990's, eddy current inspections were added to areas that had either limited visual access or were more fracture critical. In the late 1990's. a project was initiated to upgrade NDE inspections with the overall objective of improving inspection reliability and control. An automated eddy current inspection system was installed in 2001. A figure shows one of the inspection bays with the robotic axis of the system highlighted. The system was programmed to inspect the various case, nozzle, and igniter metal components that make up an RSRM. both steel and aluminum. For the past few years, the automated inspection system has been a part of the baseline inspection process for steel components. Although the majority of the RSRM metal part inventory ts free of detectable surface flaws, a few small, sub-critical manufacturing defects have been detected with the automated system. This paper will summarize the benefits that have been realized with the current automated eddy current system, as well as the flaws that have been detected.

Development of a Methodology to Optimally Allocate Visual Inspection Time

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

Model and then takes into account the costs of the errors. The purpose of the Alternative Model is to not make 104 costly mistakes while meeting the...James Buck, and Virgil Anderson, AIIE Transactions, Volume 11, No.4, December 1979. 26. "Inspection of Sheet Materials - Model and Data", Colin G. Drury ...worker error, the probability of inspector error, and the cost of system error. Paired comparisons of error phenomena from operational personnel are

Using artificial intelligence strategies for process-related automated inspection in the production environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anding, K.; Kuritcyn, P.; Garten, D.

2016-11-01

In this paper a new method for the automatic visual inspection of metallic surfaces is proposed by using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The different combinations of network parameters were developed and tested. The obtained results of CNN were analysed and compared with the results of our previous investigations with color and texture features as input parameters for a Support Vector Machine. Advantages and disadvantages of the different classifying methods are explained.

KSC-02pd1713

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-11-14

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During inspections at Launch Pad 39A, an oxygen flex hose fitting (shown here) was identified as the source of an oxygen leak in Endeavour's mid-body. The leak was identified manually and using helium detectors. Visual inspection found a deformity in the flex line braid where it connects to rigid tubing. The entire flex hose assembly and bulkhead fitting were removed early today, and work is under way to complete the installation of a replacement.

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Strategies and Demonstrations for the Reduction of Government Regulations Related to Commercial Shipbuilding

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-09-01

inspecting storm water quality associated with storm water runoff or snowmelt: January through March; April through June: July through September and October...beyond those described in Part V.B. of this permit. 5. Monitoring and Reporting . Requirements Storm Water Quality . Facilities shall perform and document...event. (I) Examinations shall be conducted in each of the following periods for the purposes of visually inspecting storm water quality associated

Automated visual inspection of brake shoe wear

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Shengfang; Liu, Zhen; Nan, Guo; Zhang, Guangjun

2015-10-01

With the rapid development of high-speed railway, the automated fault inspection is necessary to ensure train's operation safety. Visual technology is paid more attention in trouble detection and maintenance. For a linear CCD camera, Image alignment is the first step in fault detection. To increase the speed of image processing, an improved scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) method is presented. The image is divided into multiple levels of different resolution. Then, we do not stop to extract the feature from the lowest resolution to the highest level until we get sufficient SIFT key points. At that level, the image is registered and aligned quickly. In the stage of inspection, we devote our efforts to finding the trouble of brake shoe, which is one of the key components in brake system on electrical multiple units train (EMU). Its pre-warning on wear limitation is very important in fault detection. In this paper, we propose an automatic inspection approach to detect the fault of brake shoe. Firstly, we use multi-resolution pyramid template matching technology to fast locate the brake shoe. Then, we employ Hough transform to detect the circles of bolts in brake region. Due to the rigid characteristic of structure, we can identify whether the brake shoe has a fault. The experiments demonstrate that the way we propose has a good performance, and can meet the need of practical applications.

Case studies in machine vision integration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahlers, Rolf-Juergen

1991-09-01

Many countries in the world, e.g. Germany and Japan, depend on high export rates. It is therefore necessary for them to strive for a high degree of quality in the products and processes exported. The example of Japan shows in a significant manner that a competitor should not be feared just because he can offer cheaper products. They become a "source of danger" when these products also achieve a high degree of quality. Thus, survival in the market depends on the ability to recognize the implications of technical and economic developments, to draw the perhaps unpopular conclusions for production, and to make the right decisions. This particularly applies to measurement and inspection equipment for quality control. Here, besides electro-optical sensors in general, image processing systems play an important role because they can emulate the conventional form of visual inspection by a human operator — i.e., the methods used in industry when dealing with quality inspection and control. In combination with precision indexing tables and industrial robots, image processing systems can be extended to new fields of application. The great awareness of the potential applications of vision and image processing systems has led to a variety of realized applications, some of which will be described below under three topics: • electro-optical measurement systems, • automation of visual inspection tasks, and • robot guidance.

Semantic guidance of eye movements in real-world scenes

PubMed Central

Hwang, Alex D.; Wang, Hsueh-Cheng; Pomplun, Marc

2011-01-01

The perception of objects in our visual world is influenced by not only their low-level visual features such as shape and color, but also their high-level features such as meaning and semantic relations among them. While it has been shown that low-level features in real-world scenes guide eye movements during scene inspection and search, the influence of semantic similarity among scene objects on eye movements in such situations has not been investigated. Here we study guidance of eye movements by semantic similarity among objects during real-world scene inspection and search. By selecting scenes from the LabelMe object-annotated image database and applying Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to the object labels, we generated semantic saliency maps of real-world scenes based on the semantic similarity of scene objects to the currently fixated object or the search target. An ROC analysis of these maps as predictors of subjects’ gaze transitions between objects during scene inspection revealed a preference for transitions to objects that were semantically similar to the currently inspected one. Furthermore, during the course of a scene search, subjects’ eye movements were progressively guided toward objects that were semantically similar to the search target. These findings demonstrate substantial semantic guidance of eye movements in real-world scenes and show its importance for understanding real-world attentional control. PMID:21426914

Semantic guidance of eye movements in real-world scenes.

PubMed

Hwang, Alex D; Wang, Hsueh-Cheng; Pomplun, Marc

2011-05-25

The perception of objects in our visual world is influenced by not only their low-level visual features such as shape and color, but also their high-level features such as meaning and semantic relations among them. While it has been shown that low-level features in real-world scenes guide eye movements during scene inspection and search, the influence of semantic similarity among scene objects on eye movements in such situations has not been investigated. Here we study guidance of eye movements by semantic similarity among objects during real-world scene inspection and search. By selecting scenes from the LabelMe object-annotated image database and applying latent semantic analysis (LSA) to the object labels, we generated semantic saliency maps of real-world scenes based on the semantic similarity of scene objects to the currently fixated object or the search target. An ROC analysis of these maps as predictors of subjects' gaze transitions between objects during scene inspection revealed a preference for transitions to objects that were semantically similar to the currently inspected one. Furthermore, during the course of a scene search, subjects' eye movements were progressively guided toward objects that were semantically similar to the search target. These findings demonstrate substantial semantic guidance of eye movements in real-world scenes and show its importance for understanding real-world attentional control. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automatic Fabric Defect Detection with a Multi-Scale Convolutional Denoising Autoencoder Network Model.

PubMed

Mei, Shuang; Wang, Yudan; Wen, Guojun

2018-04-02

Fabric defect detection is a necessary and essential step of quality control in the textile manufacturing industry. Traditional fabric inspections are usually performed by manual visual methods, which are low in efficiency and poor in precision for long-term industrial applications. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised learning-based automated approach to detect and localize fabric defects without any manual intervention. This approach is used to reconstruct image patches with a convolutional denoising autoencoder network at multiple Gaussian pyramid levels and to synthesize detection results from the corresponding resolution channels. The reconstruction residual of each image patch is used as the indicator for direct pixel-wise prediction. By segmenting and synthesizing the reconstruction residual map at each resolution level, the final inspection result can be generated. This newly developed method has several prominent advantages for fabric defect detection. First, it can be trained with only a small amount of defect-free samples. This is especially important for situations in which collecting large amounts of defective samples is difficult and impracticable. Second, owing to the multi-modal integration strategy, it is relatively more robust and accurate compared to general inspection methods (the results at each resolution level can be viewed as a modality). Third, according to our results, it can address multiple types of textile fabrics, from simple to more complex. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model is robust and yields good overall performance with high precision and acceptable recall rates.

System and method for online inspection of turbines using an optical tube with broadspectrum mirrors

DOEpatents

Baleine, Erwan

2015-12-22

An optical inspection system for nondestructive internal visual inspection and non-contact infra-red (IR) temperature monitoring of an online, operating power generation turbine. The optical inspection system includes an optical tube having a viewing port, at least one reflective mirror or a mirror array having a reflectivity spectral range from 550 nm to 20 .mu.m, and capable of continuous operation at temperatures greater than 932 degrees Fahrenheit (500 degrees Celsius), and a transparent window with high transmission within the same spectral range mounted distal the viewing port. The same optical mirror array may be used to measure selectively surface temperature of metal turbine blades in the near IR range (approximately 1 .mu.m wavelength) and of thermal barrier coated turbine blades in the long IR range (approximately 10 .mu.m wavelength).

78 FR 47549 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-06

... Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT... to certain The Boeing Company Model 737-200, -200C, -300, and -400 series airplanes. AD 2000-06-13 R1..., adds inspections and related investigative and corrective actions, revises certain inspection types...

Development of Guidelines for Identification of SCC Sites and Estimation of Re-Inspection Intervals for SCC Direct Assessment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-05-31

This report describes the development of a series of guidelines for the identification of SCC sites and the estimation of re-inspection intervals. These SCC Guidelines are designed to complement and supplement existing SCC Direct Assessment protocols...

Genovar: a detection and visualization tool for genomic variants.

PubMed

Jung, Kwang Su; Moon, Sanghoon; Kim, Young Jin; Kim, Bong-Jo; Park, Kiejung

2012-05-08

Along with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy number variation (CNV) is considered an important source of genetic variation associated with disease susceptibility. Despite the importance of CNV, the tools currently available for its analysis often produce false positive results due to limitations such as low resolution of array platforms, platform specificity, and the type of CNV. To resolve this problem, spurious signals must be separated from true signals by visual inspection. None of the previously reported CNV analysis tools support this function and the simultaneous visualization of comparative genomic hybridization arrays (aCGH) and sequence alignment. The purpose of the present study was to develop a useful program for the efficient detection and visualization of CNV regions that enables the manual exclusion of erroneous signals. A JAVA-based stand-alone program called Genovar was developed. To ascertain whether a detected CNV region is a novel variant, Genovar compares the detected CNV regions with previously reported CNV regions using the Database of Genomic Variants (DGV, http://projects.tcag.ca/variation) and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP). The current version of Genovar is capable of visualizing genomic data from sources such as the aCGH data file and sequence alignment format files. Genovar is freely accessible and provides a user-friendly graphic user interface (GUI) to facilitate the detection of CNV regions. The program also provides comprehensive information to help in the elimination of spurious signals by visual inspection, making Genovar a valuable tool for reducing false positive CNV results. http://genovar.sourceforge.net/.

Towards sustainable infrastructure management: knowledge-based service-oriented computing framework for visual analytics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vatcha, Rashna; Lee, Seok-Won; Murty, Ajeet; Tolone, William; Wang, Xiaoyu; Dou, Wenwen; Chang, Remco; Ribarsky, William; Liu, Wanqiu; Chen, Shen-en; Hauser, Edd

2009-05-01

Infrastructure management (and its associated processes) is complex to understand, perform and thus, hard to make efficient and effective informed decisions. The management involves a multi-faceted operation that requires the most robust data fusion, visualization and decision making. In order to protect and build sustainable critical assets, we present our on-going multi-disciplinary large-scale project that establishes the Integrated Remote Sensing and Visualization (IRSV) system with a focus on supporting bridge structure inspection and management. This project involves specific expertise from civil engineers, computer scientists, geographers, and real-world practitioners from industry, local and federal government agencies. IRSV is being designed to accommodate the essential needs from the following aspects: 1) Better understanding and enforcement of complex inspection process that can bridge the gap between evidence gathering and decision making through the implementation of ontological knowledge engineering system; 2) Aggregation, representation and fusion of complex multi-layered heterogeneous data (i.e. infrared imaging, aerial photos and ground-mounted LIDAR etc.) with domain application knowledge to support machine understandable recommendation system; 3) Robust visualization techniques with large-scale analytical and interactive visualizations that support users' decision making; and 4) Integration of these needs through the flexible Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) framework to compose and provide services on-demand. IRSV is expected to serve as a management and data visualization tool for construction deliverable assurance and infrastructure monitoring both periodically (annually, monthly, even daily if needed) as well as after extreme events.

FUn: a framework for interactive visualizations of large, high-dimensional datasets on the web.

PubMed

Probst, Daniel; Reymond, Jean-Louis

2018-04-15

During the past decade, big data have become a major tool in scientific endeavors. Although statistical methods and algorithms are well-suited for analyzing and summarizing enormous amounts of data, the results do not allow for a visual inspection of the entire data. Current scientific software, including R packages and Python libraries such as ggplot2, matplotlib and plot.ly, do not support interactive visualizations of datasets exceeding 100 000 data points on the web. Other solutions enable the web-based visualization of big data only through data reduction or statistical representations. However, recent hardware developments, especially advancements in graphical processing units, allow for the rendering of millions of data points on a wide range of consumer hardware such as laptops, tablets and mobile phones. Similar to the challenges and opportunities brought to virtually every scientific field by big data, both the visualization of and interaction with copious amounts of data are both demanding and hold great promise. Here we present FUn, a framework consisting of a client (Faerun) and server (Underdark) module, facilitating the creation of web-based, interactive 3D visualizations of large datasets, enabling record level visual inspection. We also introduce a reference implementation providing access to SureChEMBL, a database containing patent information on more than 17 million chemical compounds. The source code and the most recent builds of Faerun and Underdark, Lore.js and the data preprocessing toolchain used in the reference implementation, are available on the project website (http://doc.gdb.tools/fun/). daniel.probst@dcb.unibe.ch or jean-louis.reymond@dcb.unibe.ch.

9 CFR 11.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... art undefined in the following paragraphs shall have the meaning attributed to them by trade usage or... with the Act and regulations. Such inspection may include, but is not limited to, visual examination of...

9 CFR 11.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... art undefined in the following paragraphs shall have the meaning attributed to them by trade usage or... with the Act and regulations. Such inspection may include, but is not limited to, visual examination of...

9 CFR 11.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... art undefined in the following paragraphs shall have the meaning attributed to them by trade usage or... with the Act and regulations. Such inspection may include, but is not limited to, visual examination of...

9 CFR 11.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... art undefined in the following paragraphs shall have the meaning attributed to them by trade usage or... with the Act and regulations. Such inspection may include, but is not limited to, visual examination of...

Detection of the brown spruce longhorn beetle, Tetropium fuscum (F.) with semiochemical-baited traps, tree bands, and visual surveys

Treesearch

Jon Sweeney; Jessica Price; Wayne MacKay; Bob Guscott; Peter de Groot; Jerzy Gutowski

2007-01-01

The brown spruce longhorn beetle, Tetropium fuscum (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), (BSLB) native to northern and central Europe, has been the focus of a containment and eradication program by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency in the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia, since May 2000. Surveys are conducted using host volatile-baited traps and visual...

77 FR 11017 - Airworthiness Directives; Pratt & Whitney (PW) Models PW4074 and PW4077 Turbofan Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-24

... (BSI) or eddy current inspection (ECI) of the disk outer rim front rail for cracks prior to... date of this AD. (ii) Perform a borescope inspection (BSI) or eddy current inspection (ECI) of the...

10 CFR 71.121 - Internal inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... performed for each work operation where necessary to assure quality. If direct inspection of processed... REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Quality Assurance § 71... execute a program for inspection of activities affecting quality by or for the organization performing the...

10 CFR 71.121 - Internal inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... performed for each work operation where necessary to assure quality. If direct inspection of processed... REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Quality Assurance § 71... execute a program for inspection of activities affecting quality by or for the organization performing the...

10 CFR 71.121 - Internal inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... performed for each work operation where necessary to assure quality. If direct inspection of processed... REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Quality Assurance § 71... execute a program for inspection of activities affecting quality by or for the organization performing the...

10 CFR 71.121 - Internal inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... performed for each work operation where necessary to assure quality. If direct inspection of processed... REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Quality Assurance § 71... execute a program for inspection of activities affecting quality by or for the organization performing the...

10 CFR 71.121 - Internal inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... performed for each work operation where necessary to assure quality. If direct inspection of processed... REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Quality Assurance § 71... execute a program for inspection of activities affecting quality by or for the organization performing the...

77 FR 68050 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-15

... repetitive [high frequency eddy current] inspections [for cracks] of certain crossbeams including those... actions have already been done. (g) Repetitive High Frequency Eddy Current Inspections (1) For airplanes... AD, whichever occurs first. FedEx stated that the current repetitive inspection interval is ten times...

77 FR 32892 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-04

... inspection area of the rear spar lower cap from WS 51.00 to WS 49.50 and modifying the ultrasonic inspection... inspection area of the rear spar lower cap from WS 51.00 to WS 49.50 and to modify the ultrasonic inspection... spars at wing station (WS) 51.00, and the wing lower skin. Additional actions, if cracking is found...

Towards Autonomous Inspection of Space Systems Using Mobile Robotic Sensor Platforms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wong, Edmond; Saad, Ashraf; Litt, Jonathan S.

2007-01-01

The space transportation systems required to support NASA's Exploration Initiative will demand a high degree of reliability to ensure mission success. This reliability can be realized through autonomous fault/damage detection and repair capabilities. It is crucial that such capabilities are incorporated into these systems since it will be impractical to rely upon Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA), visual inspection or tele-operation due to the costly, labor-intensive and time-consuming nature of these methods. One approach to achieving this capability is through the use of an autonomous inspection system comprised of miniature mobile sensor platforms that will cooperatively perform high confidence inspection of space vehicles and habitats. This paper will discuss the efforts to develop a small scale demonstration test-bed to investigate the feasibility of using autonomous mobile sensor platforms to perform inspection operations. Progress will be discussed in technology areas including: the hardware implementation and demonstration of robotic sensor platforms, the implementation of a hardware test-bed facility, and the investigation of collaborative control algorithms.

Using Optically Stimulated Electron Emission as an Inspection Method to Monitor Surface Contamination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lingbloom, Mike S.

2008-01-01

During redesign of the Space Shuttle reusable solid rocket motor (RSRM), NASA amended the contract with ATK Launch Systems (then Morton Thiokol Inc.) with Change Order 966 to implement a contamination control and cleanliness verification method. The change order required: (1) A quantitative inspection method (2) A written record of actual contamination levels versus a known reject level (3) A method that is more sensitive than existing methods of visual and black light inspection. Black light inspection is only useful for inspection of contaminants that fluoresce near the 365 nm spectral line and is not useful for inspection of most silicones that will not produce strong fluorescence. Black light inspection conducted by a qualified inspector under controlled light is capable of detecting Conoco HD-2 grease in gross amounts and is very subjective due to operator sensitivity. Optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE), developed at the Materials and Process Laboratory at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), was selected to satisfy Change Order 966. OSEE offers several important advantages over existing laboratory methods with similar sensitivity, e.g., spectroscopy and nonvolatile residue sampling, which provide turn around time, real time capability, and full coverage inspection capability. Laboratory methods require sample gathering and in-lab analysis, which sometimes takes several days to get results. This is not practical in a production environment. In addition, these methods do not offer full coverage inspection of the large components

Two-Port Laparoscopic Descending Colostomy with Separated Stomas for Anorectal Malformations in Newborns.

PubMed

Gine, Carlos; Santiago, Saioa; Lara, Alba; Laín, Ana; Lane, Victoria Alison; Wood, Richard J; Levitt, Marc

2016-10-01

Introduction  We describe a two-port laparoscopic technique to create a colostomy in the descending colon with separated stomas for newborns with anorectal malformations. Material and Methods  Six patients with an anorectal malformation underwent this procedure in the early-neonatal period. The surgical technique was performed with two ports, which allows for an accurate inspection of the abdominal contents. The first loop of the sigmoid colon is grasped through the first port and exteriorized while the attachments to the left retroperitoneum and direction of the loop are checked with the scope introduced in the second port. The division of the colon is performed extracorporally, the colon irrigated of meconium, and the distal colon moved to the second port incision. Both stomas are then fixed to the abdominal wall. Results  The time of the procedure ranged from 50 to 90 minutes. A Mullerian duplication was noted in one case. Oral intake was started during the first 12 to 24 hours. No complications were seen during or after the procedure. Conclusions  This technique allows for the precise localization of the colostomy with direct visualization, provides for the inspection of the internal genitalia, eliminates the incision between the two stomas and its complications, allows for painless stoma bag changes immediately after surgery, avoids twisting of the colostomy, and permits a cosmetically pleasing incision at the colostomy closure. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

MSG test report: removal of residual sodium. [LMFBR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harty, R.B.

1974-03-08

This report presents the results of cleaning activities performed to remove residual sodium from the AI Modular Steam Generator. A description of the cleaning loop, cleaning procedure, results, and visual inspection are included.

MultipleColposcopyJCO

Cancer.gov

Performing multiple biopsies during a procedure known as colposcopy—visual inspection of the cervix—is more effective than performing only a single biopsy of the worst-appearing area for detecting cervical cancer precursors. This multiple biopsy approach

32 CFR 644.520 - Contaminated industrial property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... hazardous materials reasonably possible to detect either by present state-of-the-art methodology or by a visual inspection. (5) Recommendation as to whether the land or structures may be used for any purpose...

32 CFR 644.520 - Contaminated industrial property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... hazardous materials reasonably possible to detect either by present state-of-the-art methodology or by a visual inspection. (5) Recommendation as to whether the land or structures may be used for any purpose...

32 CFR 644.520 - Contaminated industrial property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... hazardous materials reasonably possible to detect either by present state-of-the-art methodology or by a visual inspection. (5) Recommendation as to whether the land or structures may be used for any purpose...

Variant Review with the Integrative Genomics Viewer.

PubMed

Robinson, James T; Thorvaldsdóttir, Helga; Wenger, Aaron M; Zehir, Ahmet; Mesirov, Jill P

2017-11-01

Manual review of aligned reads for confirmation and interpretation of variant calls is an important step in many variant calling pipelines for next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Visual inspection can greatly increase the confidence in calls, reduce the risk of false positives, and help characterize complex events. The Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) was one of the first tools to provide NGS data visualization, and it currently provides a rich set of tools for inspection, validation, and interpretation of NGS datasets, as well as other types of genomic data. Here, we present a short overview of IGV's variant review features for both single-nucleotide variants and structural variants, with examples from both cancer and germline datasets. IGV is freely available at https://www.igv.org Cancer Res; 77(21); e31-34. ©2017 AACR . ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.

Inspection of a Medieval Wood Sculpture Using Computer Tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kapitany, K.; Somogyi, A.; Barsi, A.

2016-06-01

Computer tomography (CT) is an excellent technique for obtaining accurate 3D information about the human body. It allows to visualize the organs, bones and blood vessels, furthermore it enables to diagnose anomalies and diseases. Its spatial reconstruction capability supports other interesting applications, such as inspecting different, even valuable objects like ancient sculptures. Current paper presents a methodology of evaluating CT and video imagery through the example of investigating a wood Madonna with infant Jesus sculpture from the 14th century. The developed techniques extract the outer boundary of the statue, which has been triangulated to derive the surface model. The interior of the sculpture has also been revealed: the iron bolts and rivets as well as the woodworm holes can be mapped. By merging the interior and outer data (geometry and texture) interesting visualizations (perspective views, sections etc.) have been created.

Current and emerging technologies in melanoma diagnosis: the state of the art

PubMed Central

Psaty, Estee L.; Halpern, Allan C.

2017-01-01

Relative to other specialties, dermatologists have been slow to adopt advanced technologic diagnostic aids. After all, most skin disease can be diagnosed by simple visual inspection, and the skin is readily accessible for a diagnostic biopsy. Diagnostic aids such as total body photography and dermoscopy improve the clinician's ability to diagnose melanoma beyond unaided visual inspection, however, and are now considered mainstream methods for early detection. Emerging technologies such as in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy are currently being investigated to determine their utility for noninvasive diagnosis of melanoma. This review summarizes the currently available cutaneous imaging devices and new frontiers in noninvasive diagnosis of skin disease. We anticipate that multimodal systems that combine different imaging technologies will further improve our ability to detect, at the bedside, melanoma at an earlier stage. PMID:19095152

75 FR 77793 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 747 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-14

... would reduce the initial compliance time and repetitive inspection interval in the existing AD. This proposed AD results from fleet information indicating that the repetitive inspection interval in the... reduce the repetitive inspection intervals. Relevant Service Information We have reviewed Boeing Alert...

77 FR 37770 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-25

... repetitive inspections for cracking, corrosion damage, and any other irregularity of the lower main sill... 3187). That NPRM proposed to require repetitive inspections for cracking, corrosion damage, and any... agree that clarification is needed. Other ADs require inspections of certain structure covered by this...

Selective visual attention for ugly and beautiful body parts in eating disorders.

PubMed

Jansen, Anita; Nederkoorn, Chantal; Mulkens, Sandra

2005-02-01

Body image disturbance is characteristic of eating disorders, and current treatments use body exposure to reduce bad body feelings. There is however little known about the cognitive effects of body exposure. In the present study, eye movement registration (electroculography) as a direct index of selective visual attention was used while eating symptomatic and normal control participants were exposed to digitalized pictures of their own body and control bodies. The data showed a decreased focus on their own 'beautiful' body parts in the high symptomatic participants, whereas inspection of their own 'ugly' body parts was given priority. In the normal control group a self-serving cognitive bias was found: they focused more on their own 'beautiful' body parts and less on their own 'ugly' body parts. When viewing other bodies the pattern was reversed: high symptom participants allocated their attention to the beautiful parts of other bodies, whereas normal controls concentrated on the ugly parts of the other bodies. From the present findings the hypothesis follows that a change in the processing of information might be needed for body exposure to be successful.

National Dam Safety Program. Watchung Lake Dam (NJ00767), Raritan River Basin, Stony Brook, Somerset County, New Jersey Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

Safety Program Erosion Embankmients Watchung Lake Dam, N.J. Visual InspectionSeae IStructural Analysis Spillways 12M~ A0ST Acr (cathiue samvwgip @ta N...determined by a qualified professional consultant engaged by the owner using more sophisticated methods , procedures and studies within six months...be overtopped. (The SDF, in this instance, is one half of the Probable Maximum Flood). The decision to consider the spillway " inaae - quate" instead of

Application of total distributed control system in car-body inspection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Xueyou; Ren, Dahai; Wang, Zhong; Ye, Shenghua; Lu, Hongbo; Duan, Jilin

1996-08-01

An application of distributed control system in Autocar-body Visual Inspection Station is presented in the paper, a distributed control system using PC as the host processor and single-chip microcomputer as the slave controller is proposed. In this paper, the physical interface of the control network and the relevant hardware are introduced. Meanwhile, a minute research on data communication is performed, relevant protocols on data framing, instruction codes and channel access methods have been laid down and part of related software is presented.

Distributed control system in a car-body inspection station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Xueyou; Ren, Dahai; Ye, Shenghua; Lu, Hongbo; Duan, Jilin

1997-06-01

In this paper, a distributed control network in autocar-body visual inspection station is presented in which PC is used as the host processor and single-chip microcomputers are employed as slave controllers. The physical interface of the control network and the relevant hardware are introduced in this paper. Meanwhile, a minute research on data communication is performed, relevant protocols on data framing, instruction codes and channel access methods have been laid down and part of related software is presented.

STS-113 workers work on oxygen leak in Endeavor's mid-body

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During inspections at Launch Pad 39A, an oxygen flex hose fitting (shown here) was identified as the source of an oxygen leak in Endeavour's mid-body. The leak was identified manually and using helium detectors. Visual inspection found a deformity in the flex line braid where it connects to rigid tubing. The entire flex hose assembly and bulkhead fitting were removed early today, and work is under way to complete the installation of a replacement.

Disposition of feedwater nozzle UT indications in a BWR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leshnoff, S.D.; Orski, M.A.

A technical logic is developed, which justifies the disposition of feedwater nozzle ultrasonic testing (UT) indications in order to return to operation without visual inspection of the vessel inside surface. Present regulatory guidance is to inspect the inside surface from the inside if a reportable indication is found. A highly sensitive, tomographic UT technique, developed by Kraftwerk Union, is used to detect and size machined notches in the blend radius and bore regions of a full-sized feedwater nozzle mock-up.