Personalization, self-advocacy and inclusion: An evaluation of parent-initiated supported living schemes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the Netherlands.

PubMed

Reindl, Marie-Sol; Waltz, Mitzi; Schippers, Alice

2016-06-01

This study focused on parent-initiated supported living schemes in the South of the Netherlands and the ability of these living schemes to enhance participation, choice, autonomy and self-advocacy for people with intellectual or developmental disabilities through personalized planning, support and care. Based on in-depth interviews with tenants, parents and caregivers, findings included that parent-initiated supported housing schemes made steps towards stimulating self-advocacy and autonomy for tenants. However, overprotective and paternalistic attitudes expressed by a significant number of parents, as well as structural constraints affecting the living schemes, created obstacles to tenants' personal development. The study calls for consideration of interdependence as a model for the relationship of parents and adult offspring with disabilities. The benefits and tensions inherent within this relationship must be taken into consideration during inclusive community building. © The Author(s) 2016.

E-inclusion: Digital equality - young people with disabilities.

PubMed

Hemmingsson, H; Bolic-Baric, V; Lidström, H

2015-01-01

The United Nations' position is that digital access is a matter involving equality between groups of people, the securing of democratic rights, and equal opportunities for all citizens. This study investigates digital equality in school and leisure between young people with and without disabilities. A cross-sectional design with group comparisons was applied. Participants were young people (10-18 years of age) with disabilities (n=389) and a reference group in about the same ages. Data were collected by a survey focusing on access to and engagement in ICT activities in school and during leisure time. The results demonstrated young people with disabilities had restricted participation in computer use in educational activities, in comparison to young people in general. During leisure time young people with disabilities had a leading position compared to the reference group with respect to internet use in a variety of activities. Beneficial environmental conditions at home (and the reverse in schools) are discussed as parts of the explanation for the differing engagement levels at home and in school, and among young people with disabilities and young people in general. Schools need to prioritise use of ICT by young people with disabilities.

Beyond Broken Promises: Reflections on Eliminating Barriers to the Success of Minority Youth with Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simon, Marlene

2001-01-01

This article discusses the discrimination faced by minority youth with disabilities. Federal legislation promoting equality of opportunity for all students is reviewed and the lack of true educational equality is lamented. The article emphasizes the need to prepare minority youth with disabilities as they transition into adults. (Contains…

Knowledge about persons with disability act (1995) among health care professionals dealing with persons affected by disabilities.

PubMed

Berry, B S; Devapitchai, K S; Raju, M S

2009-01-01

To assess the level of awareness about the different provisions of the persons with Disability Act (1995) among the health care professionals, 201 health care professionals dealing with the disabled persons from different parts of India were interviewed using structured interview checklist. The data were analysed through statistical package of social sciences software. Chi-square test were applied on the variables and the Pvalues were ascertained. The results show that 48.3% knew about administration hierarchy, 53.7% of respondents were aware of the free education available for the disabled, 68.5% were aware of the employment scheme, 62.7% about poverty alleviation schemes, 59.2% know about the traveling benefits, 56.2% of professionals were aware of the benefits for people with low vision. Only 29.9% of respondents knew about provisions to overcome architectural barriers. 43.8% of them knew about the least disability percentage whereas only 28.4% were aware of research and manpower schemes. Regarding affirmative action, 32.17% told correctly and 52.7% of the professionals responded correctly with respectto non- discrimination schemes. The level of awareness among the professionals working in rural regions is lower with regard to administration hierarchy and poverty alleviation schemes. Informations regarding disabled friendly environments and research and manpower development were found to be low among respondents of all professions which need to be effectively intervened. Gender did not show any influence with respect to the components of the act. The study showed that there is an ample need for educational interventions among the health care professionals in all socio-demography. Inclusion of PWD Act in the curriculum of medical schools as a topic in conferences and workshops for health care professionals are suggested.

Earthquake Protection Measures for People with Disabilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gountromichou, C.; Kourou, A.; Kerpelis, P.

2009-04-01

The problem of seismic safety for people with disabilities not only exists but is also urgent and of primary importance. Working towards disability equality, Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization of Greece (E.P.P.O.) has developed an educational scheme for people with disabilities in order to guide them to develop skills to protect themselves as well as to take the appropriate safety measures before, during and after an earthquake. The framework of this initiative includes a number of actions have been already undertaken, including the following: a. Recently, the main guidelines have been published to help people who have physical, cognitive, visual, or auditory disabilities to cope with a destructive earthquake. Of great importance, in case of people with disabilities, is to be prepared for the disaster, with several measures that must be taken starting today. In the pre-earthquake period, it is important that these people, in addition to other measures, do the following: - Create a Personal Support Network The Personal Support Network should be a group of at least three trustful people that can assist the disabled person to prepare for a disastrous event and to recover after it. - Complete a Personal Assessment The environment may change after a destructive earthquake. People with disabilities are encouraged to make a list of their personal needs and their resources for meeting them in a disaster environment. b. Lectures and training seminars on earthquake protection are given for students, teachers and educators in Special Schools for disabled people, mainly for informing and familiarizing them with earthquakes and with safety measures. c. Many earthquake drills have already taken place, for each disability, in order to share good practices and lessons learned to further disaster reduction and to identify gaps and challenges. The final aim of this action is all people with disabilities to be well informed and motivated towards a culture of earthquake resilience, since Greece is one of the most seismically active countries of the world.

Determining a Method of Enabling and Disabling the Integral Torque in the SDO Science and Inertial Mode Controllers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vess, Melissa F.; Starin, Scott R.

2007-01-01

During design of the SDO Science and Inertial mode PID controllers, the decision was made to disable the integral torque whenever system stability was in question. Three different schemes were developed to determine when to disable or enable the integral torque, and a trade study was performed to determine which scheme to implement. The trade study compared complexity of the control logic, risk of not reenabling the integral gain in time to reject steady-state error, and the amount of integral torque space used. The first scheme calculated a simplified Routh criterion to determine when to disable the integral torque. The second scheme calculates the PD part of the torque and looked to see if that torque would cause actuator saturation. If so, only the PD torque is used. If not, the integral torque is added. Finally, the third scheme compares the attitude and rate errors to limits and disables the integral torque if either of the errors is greater than the limit. Based on the trade study results, the third scheme was selected. Once it was decided when to disable the integral torque, analysis was performed to determine how to disable the integral torque and whether or not to reset the integrator once the integral torque was reenabled. Three ways to disable the integral torque were investigated: zero the input into the integrator, which causes the integral part of the PID control torque to be held constant; zero the integral torque directly but allow the integrator to continue integrating; or zero the integral torque directly and reset the integrator on integral torque reactivation. The analysis looked at complexity of the control logic, slew time plus settling time between each calibration maneuver step, and ability to reject steady-state error. Based on the results of the analysis, the decision was made to zero the input into the integrator without resetting it. Throughout the analysis, a high fidelity simulation was used to test the various implementation methods.

Equality of Opportunity: The Making of the Americans with Disabilities Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Jonathan M.

2010-01-01

In this paper the author offers a reprint of "Equality of Opportunity: The Making of the Americans with Disabilities Act" (July 26, 1997). This personal story is part and parcel of the ADA's (Americans with Disabilities Act) significance in the society. The ADA is a nondiscrimination law. It is a clarion call for transforming attitudes…

7 CFR 1400.6 - Joint and several liability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... entity determined to have knowingly participated in a scheme or device, or other such equally serious... of the scheme or device, or other such equally serious actions, including amounts necessary to...

Constructing Impairment and Disability in School Reading Schemes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodkinson, Alan

2017-01-01

This paper examines the cultural construction of disability detailed within school reading schemes. The study by the employment of proto-text analysis followed the "reading journeys" that a four- and five-year-old child experienced during the course of one academic year. The study examined 61 reading books that contained 2199…

Mental health and inequity: a human rights approach to inequality, discrimination, and mental disability.

PubMed

Burns, Jonathan Kenneth

2009-01-01

Mental disability and mental health care have been neglected in the discourse around health, human rights, and equality. This is perplexing as mental disabilities are pervasive, affecting approximately 8% of the world population. Furthermore, the experience of persons with mental disability is one characterized by multiple interlinked levels of inequality and discrimination within society. Efforts directed toward achieving formal equality should not stand alone without similar efforts to achieve substantive equality for persons with mental disabilities. Structural factors such as poverty, inequality, homelessness, and discrimination contribute to risk for mental disability and impact negatively on the course and outcome of such disabilities. A human rights approach to mental disability means affirming the full personhood of those with mental disabilities by respecting their inherent dignity, their individual autonomy and independence, and their freedom to make their own choices. A rights-based approach requires us to examine and transform the language, terminology, and models of mental disability that have previously prevailed especially within health discourse. Such an approach also requires us to examine the multiple ways in which inequality and discrimination characterize the lives of persons with mental disabilities and to formulate a response based on a human rights framework. In this article, I examine issues of terminology, models of understanding mental disability, and the implications of international treaties such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities for our response to the inequalities and discrimination that exist within society--both within and outside the health care system. Finally, while acknowledging that health care professionals have a role to play as advocates for equality, non-discrimination, and justice, I argue that it is persons with mental disabilities themselves who have the right to exercise agency in their own lives and who, consequently, should be at the center of advocacy movements and the setting of the advocacy agenda.

Instructional Package of Development of Skill in Using Fine Motor of Children for Children with Intellectual Disabilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sangsawang, T.

2018-02-01

This research has the following purposes: 1) to find the efficiency of the self-learning activity set on development of skill in using fine motor of children with intellectual disabilities., 2) to compare the abilities to use the small muscles after the study more than before the study of children with intellectual disabilities, who made study with the self-learning activity on development of small muscles use., 3) to study the satisfaction of the children with intellectual disabilities using the self-learning activity on development of small muscles use. The sample groups on the research are the children with intellectual disabilities of the special education Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Provincial Nakhon Nayok Center in the school year 2016, for 7 children. The tools used on the research consist of the self-learning activity on development of small muscles use for the children with intellectual disabilities of the special, the observation form of abilities of small muscles before and after using the activity set and the observation form of satisfaction of the children with intellectual disabilities of the special towards the self-learning activity set on development of small muscles for the children with intellectual disabilities of the special. The statistics used on the research include the percentage, mean value, standard deviation and the t-test for dependent sample. From the research, it was found that the self-learning activity set on development of small muscles use for children with intellectual disabilities of the special is efficient based on the criteria in average equal to 77.78/76.51, the educational coefficient of the student after the study higher than before the study with average points before the study equal to 55.14 and S.D. value equal to 3.72. The average points after the study equal to 68.86, S.D. value equal to 2.73, t-test value before and after the study equal to 7.94, which are different significantly on statistics at the level 0.05 and the satisfaction observation form of the student towards the self-learning activity on small muscles use for he down syndrome children with average value equal to 4.58 in the considerable level.

EEOC: benefits application doesn't preclude ADA complaint. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

PubMed

1997-03-07

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issued new enforcement guidelines that give employees, including those with AIDS, greater opportunities to press employment discrimination claims in court. An individual may simultaneously be eligible for disability benefits and for legal rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The guidance was developed and issued following a series of court decisions that blocked plaintiffs in ADA cases from proceeding with litigation because they had received disability benefits. ADA standards differ fundamentally from those of disability programs, such as social security, worker's compensation, and disability insurance.

Toward Independence: An Assessment of Federal Laws and Programs Affecting Persons with Disabilities--with Legislative Recommendations. Appendix: Topic Papers. A Report to the President and the Congress of the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on the Handicapped, Washington, DC.

Ten topic papers examine federal laws and programs affecting persons with disabilities and make recommendations for improved use of federal money. The papers cover: (1) equal opportunity laws, examining the status of disability-related equal opportunity laws and identifying gaps in coverage, shortcomings and inconsistencies in interpretation and…

Helping Employers Comply with the ADA: An Assessment of How the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Is Enforcing Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Isler, Frederick D.; Zalokar, Nadja; Chambers, David; Kraus, Rebecca; Johnson, Wanda; Butler, Margaret; Avery, Michelle Leigh; Tyler, Marcia; Baird, Andrea; Foshee, Latrice; Turner, Ilona

This report from the United States Commission on Civil Rights focuses specifically on the efforts of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) to enforce Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which prohibits discrimination based on disability in employment. The report evaluates and analyzes EEOC's regulations and policies…

Risk equalization, competition, and choice: a preliminary assessment of the 1993 German health reforms.

PubMed

Wysong, J A; Abel, T

1996-01-01

Risk adjustment and/or equalization has become a central issue in the health care reform initiatives of many countries, including Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Israel, the U.K. and the U.S. Risk adjustment is widely seen as essential to prevent cream skimming and to promote fair competition. In this vein, the 1993 German health reforms require implementation of a risk-based contribution rate equalization scheme by 1996. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of the risk equalization methodology currently proposed for Germany. Recent research in the U.S. and the Netherlands is used to examine whether the sociodemographic factors being used in Germany are likely to be effective. Research findings from both countries indicate that risk formulas based only on socio-demographic factors predict only one-tenth to one-fourth of the maximum possible explainable variance. If the current formula is used, sickness funds with higher concentrations of high risk groups are likely to be substantially under compensated, and to face serious enrollment and financial problems. The authors conclude that improvements in the formula through measures based on diagnosis and prior hospitalization, disability status, and regional variations in utilization and cost are urgently needed before the system is implemented. The German experience is also relevant to other countries that have relied to date on socio-demographic measures for risk adjustment.

An efficient numerical scheme for the study of equal width equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghafoor, Abdul; Haq, Sirajul

2018-06-01

In this work a new numerical scheme is proposed in which Haar wavelet method is coupled with finite difference scheme for the solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation. The scheme transforms the partial differential equation to a system of algebraic equations which can be solved easily. The technique is applied to equal width equation in order to study the behaviour of one, two, three solitary waves, undular bore and soliton collision. For efficiency and accuracy of the scheme, L2 and L∞ norms and invariants are computed. The results obtained are compared with already existing results in literature.

Googling NDIS: Evaluating the Quality of Online Information about the National Disability Insurance Scheme for Caregivers of Deaf Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simpson, Andrea; Baldwin, Elizabeth Margaret

2017-01-01

This study sought to analyze and evaluate the accessibility, availability and quality of online information regarding the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and hearing loss. The most common search engine keyword terms a caregiver may enter when conducting a web search was determined using a keyword search tool. The top websites linked…

Outcomes of a New Residential Scheme for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in Taiwan: A 2-Year Follow-Up

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chou, Y-C.; Pu, C.; Kroger, T.; Lee, W.; Chang, S.

2011-01-01

Background: The Taiwanese government launched a new programme in November 2004 to support adults with intellectual disabilities living in smaller facilities. This paper aims to evaluate the service outcomes of this new residential scheme over 2 years including those residents who moved from an institution and those who moved from their family.…

48 CFR 52.222-36 - Equal Opportunity for Workers with Disabilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Equal Opportunity for Workers with Disabilities. 52.222-36 Section 52.222-36 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of...

CEC's Position on School Vouchers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council for Exceptional Children (NJ3), 2011

2011-01-01

The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) recognizes that children and youth with disabilities are entitled to equal access to the public education system and to all rights guaranteed by law. CEC advocates to ensure that children and youth with disabilities receive the equal access and opportunity that they deserve. By definition, vouchers…

The computation of 15 deg and 10 deg equal area block terrestrial free air gravity anomalies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hajela, D. P.

1973-01-01

Starting with the set of 23,355 1 deg x 1 deg mean free air gravity anomalies used in Rapp (1972) to form a 5 deg equal area block terrestrial gravity field, the computation of 15 deg equal area block mean free air gravity anomalies is described along with estimates of their standard deviations. A new scheme of an integral division of a 15 deg block into 9 component 300 n. m. blocks, and each 300 n. m. block being subdivided into 25 60 n.mi. blocks, is used. This insures that there is no loss in accuracy, which would have resulted if proportional values according to area were taken of the 5 deg equal area anomalies to form the 15 deg block anomalies. A similar scheme is used for the computation of 10 deg equal area block mean free air gravity anomalies with estimates of their standard deviations. The scheme is general enough to be used for a 30 deg equal area block terrestrial gravity field.

Coalmining and the National Scheme for Disabled Ex-Servicemen after the First World War.

PubMed

Mantin, Mike

2016-04-02

After the First World War, disabled British veterans returned home to an uncertain future of work. In addition to voluntary efforts, the government's response to the national employment crisis - the National Scheme for Disabled Ex-Servicemen (commonly known as the King's Roll) - was established in 1919 to encourage employers to hire a five per cent quota of disabled ex-servicemen. Historians have recently revisited the scheme, noting that in many cases the process was slow and fraught, with many disabled veterans facing the prospect of unemployment, yet few have paid attention to soldiers' pre-war working backgrounds and the specific requests of British industries. This article focuses on British coalminers returning from war. What role was there in this national situation for an industry known for its own high rate of accident and injury? Although the King's Roll made some attempt to find veterans specifically targeted jobs above and below ground according to their impairments, it proved unable to incorporate coalmining. Instead, many disabled ex-servicemen returned to the workplace and utilized their existing identities as miners to navigate the process. With the industry beginning to decline, many faced potential regression in job status, exploitation or unemployment. By shifting to an industry-specific focus, this case study explores the contested nature of work for disabled people after the First World War, and highlights the interrelation and importance of workplace identity for the returning disabled veteran.

Coalmining and the National Scheme for Disabled Ex-Servicemen after the First World War

PubMed Central

Mantin, Mike

2016-01-01

Abstract After the First World War, disabled British veterans returned home to an uncertain future of work. In addition to voluntary efforts, the government’s response to the national employment crisis – the National Scheme for Disabled Ex-Servicemen (commonly known as the King’s Roll) – was established in 1919 to encourage employers to hire a five per cent quota of disabled ex-servicemen. Historians have recently revisited the scheme, noting that in many cases the process was slow and fraught, with many disabled veterans facing the prospect of unemployment, yet few have paid attention to soldiers’ pre-war working backgrounds and the specific requests of British industries. This article focuses on British coalminers returning from war. What role was there in this national situation for an industry known for its own high rate of accident and injury? Although the King’s Roll made some attempt to find veterans specifically targeted jobs above and below ground according to their impairments, it proved unable to incorporate coalmining. Instead, many disabled ex-servicemen returned to the workplace and utilized their existing identities as miners to navigate the process. With the industry beginning to decline, many faced potential regression in job status, exploitation or unemployment. By shifting to an industry-specific focus, this case study explores the contested nature of work for disabled people after the First World War, and highlights the interrelation and importance of workplace identity for the returning disabled veteran. PMID:27134339

Equalization of Opportunities in Employment of People with Disabilities (Indonesian Experience).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mertopuspito, S.

The paper summarizes the incidence and status of disability in Indonesia and reports on rehabilitation services and facilities. The paper reports that 3.11% of the population is disabled and breaks down this number into those physically or orthopedically disabled (0.85%), visually disabled (0.90%), hearing/speech disabled (0.31%), mentally…

From Absent to Active Voices: Securing Disability Equality within Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beauchamp-Pryor, Karen

2012-01-01

This article discusses the representation and participation of disabled students in the development of higher education policy and provision within the UK, at both a national and institutional level. Findings are drawn from a doctoral study, which identified the importance of student participation in securing equality and inclusion. Power…

Ensuring Equal Access to Technology: Providing Assistive Technology for Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Hwa; Templeton, Rosalyn

2008-01-01

With the passage of landmark federal laws, equal access to technology for all students, regardless of their abilities, has been getting increasing attention in the field of education. Although considering a continuum of assistive technology (AT) items and services for individuals with disabilities is a mandated practice, education and…

Increasing positive attitudes toward individuals with disabilities through community service learning.

PubMed

Lawson, Janelle E; Cruz, Rebecca A; Knollman, Gregory A

2017-10-01

Providing equal-status contact between those with and without disabilities can improve attitudes and reduce discrimination toward individuals with disabilities. This study investigated community service learning as a means by which to provide college students with equal-status contact with individuals with disabilities and increase their positive attitudes toward those with disabilities. A total of 166 college students in one university in the United States enrolled in an Introduction to Disability course received content on disability in society and participated in community service involving 20h of direct contact with individuals with disabilities. Findings indicated that college students who had prior contact with individuals with disabilities had more positive attitudes toward individuals with disabilities than college students who did not have prior contact at the start of the course. For the college students who did not have any prior contact, their attitudes toward individuals with disabilities became significantly more positive at the end of the community service learning course. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of macroeconomic trends on social security spending due to sickness and disability.

PubMed

Khan, Jahangir; Gerdtham, Ulf-G; Jansson, Bjarne

2004-11-01

We analyzed the relationship between macroeconomic conditions, measured as unemployment rate and social security spending, from 4 social security schemes and total spending due to sickness and disability. We obtained aggregated panel data from 13 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development member countries for 1980-1996. We used regression analysis and fixed effect models to examine spending on sickness benefits, disability pensions, occupational-injury benefits, survivor's pensions, and total spending. A decline in unemployment increased sickness benefits spending and reduced disability pension spending. These effects reversed direction after 4 years of unemployment. Inclusion of mortality rate as an additional variable in the analysis did not affect the findings. Macroeconomic conditions influence some reimbursements from social security schemes but not total spending.

[Can discrimination ban guarantee equality of opportunities for disabled persons?].

PubMed

Günther, H

1997-11-01

Embodied in Germany's Basic Law since 1994, the discrimination ban on behalf of disabled persons--in line with similar provisions introduced in other countries--highlights the fact that disabled persons, as individuals and with their lawful rights, have become the point of departure of disability policies, as opposed to the hitherto prevailing social welfare perspective. Banning discrimination alone, though, will enable equal opportunities to be achieved only for some areas of social life; positive discriminations in favour of disabled persons are possible and necessary in addition. When it comes to integration into worklife, banning discrimination against disabled persons will achieve but little. Rather, in a market economy, employers and the general public share a common responsibility, for one, by respecting employers' rights of disposal over their jobs and, for the other, by changing present labour market conditions in favour of disabled persons, i.e., taking measures of positive discrimination.

Parent-to-parent peer support for parents of children with a disability: A mixed method study.

PubMed

Bray, Lucy; Carter, Bernie; Sanders, Caroline; Blake, Lucy; Keegan, Kimberley

2017-08-01

This paper will report on the findings of a study which investigated the influence of a befriending (parent-to-parent peer support) scheme on parents whose children have a disability or additional need. The scheme operated from an acute children's tertiary setting in the UK. A prospective concurrent mixed method design collected interview (n=70) and questionnaire (n=68) data at two time-points from befrienders (n=13) and befriendees (n=26). The main qualitative findings of the study relate to the different degrees parents (befriendees and befrienders) moved from being lost, to finding and being a guide and getting to a better place. The quantitative findings demonstrate that parent-to-parent peer support has a positive influence on parents' levels of psychological distress and their ability to cope with being a parent of a child with a disability. The befriending scheme acted as a catalyst for many parents to move towards a place where they could grow and begin to flourish and thrive. Professionals should inform parents who have a child with a disability that peer-to-peer parenting support schemes are a valuable and appropriate source of support and help. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Community rehabilitation of disabled with a focus on blind persons: Indian perspective

PubMed Central

Jose, R; Sachdeva, Sandeep

2010-01-01

India, the largest democratic country in the world, is marching ahead strongly on the growth and developmental front and is poised to be the leader in the market economy. This role creates and increases far greater responsibilities on us in ensuring that the benefit of the developmental cycle reaches each and every citizen of this country, including the able and the disabled ones. It has been enshrined in the Constitution of India to ensure equality, freedom, justice, and dignity of all individuals and implicitly mandates an inclusive society. With increase in consideration of quality parameters in all spheres of life including availability, access, and provision of comprehensive services to the disabled, it is pertinent to have a look on the contribution of government in keeping the aspiration and commitment towards common people. The article attempts to review the concept of rehabilitation for the disabled keeping a focus on the blind person, and list out the activities, programs/schemes, institutional structure and initiatives taken by the Government of India (GOI) for the same and the incentives/benefits extended to blind persons. The article concludes by reiterating the importance of individual need assessment and mentioning new initiatives proposed on Low Vision services in the approved 11th plan under National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB). The source of information has been annual reports, notification and the approved 11th five-year plan of GOI, articles published with key words like rehabilitation, disability, assistive devices, low vision aids, and/or blind person through the mode of Internet. Annexure provides a list of selected institutions in the country offering Low Vision services compiled from various sources through personal communication and an approved list of training institutes under NPCB, GOI offering Low Vision training. PMID:20195037

Community rehabilitation of disabled with a focus on blind persons: Indian perspective.

PubMed

Jose, R; Sachdeva, Sandeep

2010-01-01

India, the largest democratic country in the world, is marching ahead strongly on the growth and developmental front and is poised to be the leader in the market economy. This role creates and increases far greater responsibilities on us in ensuring that the benefit of the developmental cycle reaches each and every citizen of this country, including the able and the disabled ones. It has been enshrined in the Constitution of India to ensure equality, freedom, justice, and dignity of all individuals and implicitly mandates an inclusive society. With increase in consideration of quality parameters in all spheres of life including availability, access, and provision of comprehensive services to the disabled, it is pertinent to have a look on the contribution of government in keeping the aspiration and commitment towards common people. The article attempts to review the concept of rehabilitation for the disabled keeping a focus on the blind person, and list out the activities, programs/schemes, institutional structure and initiatives taken by the Government of India (GOI) for the same and the incentives/benefits extended to blind persons. The article concludes by reiterating the importance of individual need assessment and mentioning new initiatives proposed on Low Vision services in the approved 11th plan under National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB). The source of information has been annual reports, notification and the approved 11th five-year plan of GOI, articles published with key words like rehabilitation, disability, assistive devices, low vision aids, and/or blind person through the mode of Internet. Annexure provides a list of selected institutions in the country offering Low Vision services compiled from various sources through personal communication and an approved list of training institutes under NPCB, GOI offering Low Vision training.

77 FR 43498 - Federal Sector Equal Employment Opportunity

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-25

... on the basis of age; the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which prohibits sex-based wage discrimination; and..., Age discrimination, Equal employment opportunity, Government employees, Individuals with disabilities... EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION 29 CFR Part 1614 RIN Number 3046-AA73 Federal Sector Equal...

Equality in Education and a School Board's Duty of Accommodation: Can Segregation Be Accommodation?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szechtman, Daliah

2006-01-01

Human Rights statutes prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability, which includes learning disabilities. As such, the pedagogical debate on whether to educate special education students in mainstream or segregated schools, is also an equality and human rights issue. The author attempted to analyze, by looking at current legal cases and…

Intersectionality and Disability Harassment: The Interactive Effects of Disability, Race, Age, and Gender

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Linda R.; Chan, Fong; McMahon, Brian T.

2012-01-01

A possible interaction among the characteristics of disability, race, gender, and age was examined with respect to formal allegations of disability harassment. Using data from the National Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Research Project, the authors examined whether there was an interaction…

Reproductive autonomy of women and girls under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

PubMed

Ngwena, Charles G

2018-01-01

Women and girls with disabilities have historically been denied the freedom to make their own choices in matters relating to their reproduction. In the healthcare sector they experience multiple discriminatory practices. Women and girls with intellectual disabilities are particularly vulnerable to coerced or forced medical interventions. The present article considers the contribution the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities makes towards affirming the rights of women and girls with disabilities to enjoy reproductive autonomy, including autonomy related to reproductive health, on an equal basis with individuals without disabilities. The Convention is paradigm-setting in its maximal approach to affirming the rights of individuals with disabilities to make autonomous choices under conditions of equality and non-discrimination. The Convention is the first human rights treaty to clearly affirm that impairment of decision-making skills is not a justification for depriving a person with cognitive or intellectual disability of legal capacity. © 2017 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

Special cascade LMS equalization scheme suitable for 60-GHz RoF transmission system.

PubMed

Liu, Siming; Shen, Guansheng; Kou, Yanbin; Tian, Huiping

2016-05-16

We design a specific cascade least mean square (LMS) equalizer and to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time this kind of equalizer has been employed for 60-GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio over fiber (RoF) system. The proposed cascade LMS equalizer consists of two sub-equalizers which are designated for optical and wireless channel compensations, respectively. We control the linear and nonlinear factors originated from optical link and wireless link separately. The cascade equalization scheme can keep the nonlinear distortions of the RoF system in a low degree. We theoretically and experimentally investigate the parameters of the two sub-equalizers to reach their best performances. The experiment results show that the cascade equalization scheme has a faster convergence speed. It needs a training sequence with a length of 10000 to reach its stable status, which is only half as long as the traditional LMS equalizer needs. With the utility of a proposed equalizer, the 60-GHz RoF system can successfully transmit 5-Gbps BPSK signal over 10-km fiber and 1.2-m wireless link under forward error correction (FEC) limit 10^-3. An improvement of 4dBm and 1dBm in power sensitivity at BER 10^-3 over traditional LMS equalizer can be observed when the signals are transmitted through Back-to-Back (BTB) and 10-km fiber 1.2-m wireless links, respectively.

Workplace Discrimination and the Perception of Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Draper, William R.; Reid, Christine A.; McMahon, Brian T.

2011-01-01

This article documents the employment discrimination experienced by Americans "regarded as" disabled (but not medically verified as such), using the Integrated Mission System of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Claimants who were perceived as disabled, as contrasted with those with documented disabilities, were more likely…

UK doctors and equal opportunities in the NHS: national questionnaire surveys of views on gender, ethnicity and disability.

PubMed

Lambert, Trevor; Surman, Geraldine; Goldacre, Michael

2014-10-01

To seek doctors' views about the NHS as an employer, our surveys about doctors' career intentions and progression, undertaken between 1999 and 2013, also asked whether the NHS was, in their view, a good 'equal opportunities' employer for women doctors, doctors from ethnic minority groups and doctors with disabilities. Surveys undertaken in the UK by mail and Internet. UK medical graduates in selected graduation years between 1993 and 2012. Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with three statements starting 'The NHS is a good equal opportunities employer for…' and ending 'women doctors', 'doctors from ethnic minorities' and 'doctors with disabilities'. Of first-year doctors surveyed in 2013, 3.6% (78/2158) disagreed that the NHS is a good equal opportunities employer for women doctors (1.7% of the men and 4.7% of the women); 2.2% (44/1968) disagreed for doctors from ethnic minorities (0.9% of white doctors and 5.8% of non-white doctors) and 12.6% (175/1387) disagreed for doctors with disabilities. Favourable perceptions of the NHS in these respects improved substantially between 1999 and 2013; among first-year doctors of 2000-2003, combined, the corresponding percentages of disagreement were 23.5% for women doctors, 23.1% for doctors from ethnic minorities and 50.6% for doctors with disabilities. Positive views about the NHS as an equal opportunities employer have increased in recent years, but the remaining gap in perception of this between women and men, and between ethnic minority and white doctors, is a concern. © The Royal Society of Medicine.

Microwave Power Combiners for Signals of Arbitrary Amplitude

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Conroy, Bruce; Hoppe, Daniel

2009-01-01

Schemes for combining power from coherent microwave sources of arbitrary (unequal or equal) amplitude have been proposed. Most prior microwave-power-combining schemes are limited to sources of equal amplitude. The basic principle of the schemes now proposed is to use quasi-optical components to manipulate the polarizations and phases of two arbitrary-amplitude input signals in such a way as to combine them into one output signal having a specified, fixed polarization. To combine power from more than two sources, one could use multiple powercombining stages based on this principle, feeding the outputs of lower-power stages as inputs to higher-power stages. Quasi-optical components suitable for implementing these schemes include grids of parallel wires, vane polarizers, and a variety of waveguide structures. For the sake of brevity, the remainder of this article illustrates the basic principle by focusing on one scheme in which a wire grid and two vane polarizers would be used. Wire grids are the key quasi-optical elements in many prior equal-power combiners. In somewhat oversimplified terms, a wire grid reflects an incident beam having an electric field parallel to the wires and passes an incident beam having an electric field perpendicular to the wires. In a typical prior equal-power combining scheme, one provides for two properly phased, equal-amplitude signals having mutually perpendicular linear polarizations to impinge from two mutually perpendicular directions on a wire grid in a plane oriented at an angle of 45 with respect to both beam axes. The wires in the grid are oriented to pass one of the incident beams straight through onto the output path and to reflect the other incident beam onto the output path along with the first-mentioned beam.

An upstream burst-mode equalization scheme for 40 Gb/s TWDM PON based on optimized SOA cascade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Xiao; Chang, Qingjiang; Gao, Zhensen; Ye, Chenhui; Xiao, Simiao; Huang, Xiaoan; Hu, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Kaibin

2016-02-01

We present a novel upstream burst-mode equalization scheme based on optimized SOA cascade for 40 Gb/s TWDMPON. The power equalizer is placed at the OLT which consists of two SOAs, two circulators, an optical NOT gate, and a variable optical attenuator. The first SOA operates in the linear region which acts as a pre-amplifier to let the second SOA operate in the saturation region. The upstream burst signals are equalized through the second SOA via nonlinear amplification. From theoretical analysis, this scheme gives sufficient dynamic range suppression up to 16.7 dB without any dynamic control or signal degradation. In addition, a total power budget extension of 9.3 dB for loud packets and 26 dB for soft packets has been achieved to allow longer transmission distance and increased splitting ratio.

Recognising the Needs of Every Disabled Child: The Development of Tools for a Disability Census

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porter, Jill; Daniels, Harry; Feiler, Anthony; Georgeson, Jan

2011-01-01

The Equality Act 2010 further enshrines the duties on organisations set out in the Disability Discrimination Act 2005 to safeguard the rights of vulnerable children. However, disability is a complex phenomenon, which makes the collection of data, and the subsequent identification of children who might be classed as disabled, problematic. This…

Comparisons of Self-Determination among Students with Autism, Intellectual Disability, and Learning Disabilities: A Multivariate Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chou, Yu-Chi; Wehmeyer, Michael L.; Palmer, Susan B.; Lee, Jaehoon

2017-01-01

This study examined differences in self-determination among students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), students with intellectual disability (ID), and students with learning disabilities (LD). A total of 222 participants with an equal size group for each of the three disability categories were selected to participate in the comparison of total…

Are Gross Motor Skills and Sports Participation Related in Children with Intellectual Disabilities?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Westendorp, Marieke; Houwen, Suzanne; Hartman, Esther; Visscher, Chris

2011-01-01

This study compared the specific gross motor skills of 156 children with intellectual disabilities (ID) (50 less than or equal to IQ greater than or equal to 79) with that of 255 typically developing children, aged 7-12 years. Additionally, the relationship between the specific gross motor skills and organized sports participation was examined in…

Adaptive nonlinear Volterra equalizer for mitigation of chirp-induced distortions in cost effective IMDD OFDM systems.

PubMed

André, Nuno Sequeira; Habel, Kai; Louchet, Hadrien; Richter, André

2013-11-04

We report experimental validations of an adaptive 2nd order Volterra equalization scheme for cost effective IMDD OFDM systems. This equalization scheme was applied to both uplink and downlink transmission. Downlink settings were optimized for maximum bitrate where we achieved 34 Gb/s over 10 km of SSMF using an EML with 10 GHz bandwidth. For the uplink, maximum reach was optimized achieving 14 Gb/s using a low-cost DML with 2.5 GHz bandwidth.

EEOC is making quick work of AIDS job-bias litigation. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

PubMed

1995-09-08

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has been successful in resolving discrimination cases that involve HIV/AIDS. Half of the cases the EEOC has taken to court under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) have been settled out of court. Over 900 claims of disability-based employment discrimination related to HIV/AIDS have been brought to the EEOC since the ADA took effect in 1992. AIDS is the largest single category of disability that has been sent to court directly by the EEOC. By filing suit, the EEOC reminds employers that they cannot fire a worker with a disability or cap an employee's medical benefits to improve corporate profit margin.

Advanced digital signal processing for short-haul and access network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Junwen; Yu, Jianjun; Chi, Nan

2016-02-01

Digital signal processing (DSP) has been proved to be a successful technology recently in high speed and high spectrum-efficiency optical short-haul and access network, which enables high performances based on digital equalizations and compensations. In this paper, we investigate advanced DSP at the transmitter and receiver side for signal pre-equalization and post-equalization in an optical access network. A novel DSP-based digital and optical pre-equalization scheme has been proposed for bandwidth-limited high speed short-distance communication system, which is based on the feedback of receiver-side adaptive equalizers, such as least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm and constant or multi-modulus algorithms (CMA, MMA). Based on this scheme, we experimentally demonstrate 400GE on a single optical carrier based on the highest ETDM 120-GBaud PDM-PAM-4 signal, using one external modulator and coherent detection. A line rate of 480-Gb/s is achieved, which enables 20% forward-error correction (FEC) overhead to keep the 400-Gb/s net information rate. The performance after fiber transmission shows large margin for both short range and metro/regional networks. We also extend the advanced DSP for short haul optical access networks by using high order QAMs. We propose and demonstrate a high speed multi-band CAP-WDM-PON system on intensity modulation, direct detection and digital equalizations. A hybrid modified cascaded MMA post-equalization schemes are used to equalize the multi-band CAP-mQAM signals. Using this scheme, we successfully demonstrates 550Gb/s high capacity WDMPON system with 11 WDM channels, 55 sub-bands, and 10-Gb/s per user in the downstream over 40-km SMF.

75 FR 76251 - International Day of Persons With Disabilities, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

... disabilities. On International Day of Persons with Disabilities, we acknowledge the contributions of women and... promote human rights, fair opportunity, and equal access for people with disabilities. Last year, the United States became a proud signatory of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with...

Counsellors' Attitudes towards Disability Equality Training (DET)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parkinson, Gill

2006-01-01

This paper explores the attitudes and conceptions held by trainee and practising counsellors towards people with disabilities. Awareness of counsellors' own views of disability and impairment can complicate the counsellor-client relationship when the latter is seen primarily from a deficiency model perspective or self-defined model of disability,…

Citizenship and Disabled People: A Discourse of Control?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barton, Len

This paper raises issues relating to disability and citizenship, especially those concerned with difference, discrimination, power, and the politics of identity. It adopts a social model of disability that is critical of individualized, homogenized, deficit views of people with disabilities and urges an equal opportunities approach in which the…

Exploring Barriers to College Student Use of Disability Services and Accommodations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marshak, Laura; Van Wieren, Todd; Ferrell, Dianne Raeke; Swiss, Lindsay; Dugan, Catherine

2010-01-01

Federal legislation requires most colleges and universities to provide equal access and reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities. However, many students do not fully avail themselves of college disability services and accommodations. It is important for Office of Disability Services (ODS) personnel to understand the reasons for…

A Stationary North-Finding Scheme for an Azimuth Rotational IMU Utilizing a Linear State Equality Constraint

PubMed Central

Yu, Huapeng; Zhu, Hai; Gao, Dayuan; Yu, Meng; Wu, Wenqi

2015-01-01

The Kalman filter (KF) has always been used to improve north-finding performance under practical conditions. By analyzing the characteristics of the azimuth rotational inertial measurement unit (ARIMU) on a stationary base, a linear state equality constraint for the conventional KF used in the fine north-finding filtering phase is derived. Then, a constrained KF using the state equality constraint is proposed and studied in depth. Estimation behaviors of the concerned navigation errors when implementing the conventional KF scheme and the constrained KF scheme during stationary north-finding are investigated analytically by the stochastic observability approach, which can provide explicit formulations of the navigation errors with influencing variables. Finally, multiple practical experimental tests at a fixed position are done on a postulate system to compare the stationary north-finding performance of the two filtering schemes. In conclusion, this study has successfully extended the utilization of the stochastic observability approach for analytic descriptions of estimation behaviors of the concerned navigation errors, and the constrained KF scheme has demonstrated its superiority over the conventional KF scheme for ARIMU stationary north-finding both theoretically and practically. PMID:25688588

Women with Disabilities: Abortion and Liberation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Alison

1987-01-01

The paper argues that the women's movement has failed to adequately take account of women with disabilities. By supporting women's right to abortions for handicapped fetuses, the movement denies disabled women an identity as equal human beings worthy of respect. (JDD)

Equal health, equal work? The role of disability benefits in employment after controlling for health status.

PubMed

Frutos, Eva Maria Lopez; Castello, Judit Vall

2015-04-01

In Spain, an individual can be considered legally disabled in one of the following two ways: by either receiving a disability support benefit and/or holding a certificate of disability. Having at least one of these official sanctions entitles the disabled person to a number of financial and tax advantages. However, only support benefits entail a monthly allowance and, at the same time, the individual is required to undertake a different job to that of his/her previous one. To jointly estimate (after controlling for the health characteristics of the disabling condition and for unobserved factors) the probability of receiving disability benefits and the probability of working, we make use of a newly released database of individuals with a certificate of disability. Additionally, we exploit the rich set of health measures that this database also provides. Our results show that the probability of working is 5% lower (average treatment effect, ATE) for those disabled individuals receiving benefits. However, when we perform the estimation for individuals with differing degrees of disability, the disincentive effects of the benefits are only significant for individuals with the mildest level of disability (33-44%) i.e. those who are on the threshold of being disabled.

The ADA and IDEA Basics: Inclusion of Children with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Motwani, Mona

2007-01-01

This article discusses the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The ADA is a federal civil rights law that was passed in 1990 with the aim of securing equal rights for persons with disabilities in the employment, housing, government, transportation, and public accommodation contexts. It…

Aversive Disablism: Subtle Prejudice toward Disabled People

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deal, Mark

2007-01-01

Blatant forms of prejudice towards disabled people appear to be disappearing in the UK. However, subtle forms of prejudice remain and may be highly damaging to the achievement of the vision of disabled people being "respected and included as equal members of society". In order to assist placing subtle forms of prejudice within a…

Reasonable Accommodation of Disabled Employees: A Comprehensive Case Law Reference.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Brian C.

In 1990 the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law to ensure the full participation and equal opportunity of the disabled in the United States. Among its many requirements is the obligation on employers, including school districts, to provide those applicants and employees with disabilities who possess the requisite skill, education,…

National Council on Disability Annual Report Volume 19, Fiscal Year 1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Disability, Washington, DC.

The annual report of the National Council on Disability (NCD) describes major activities of 1998 to promote policies, programs, practices, and procedures that guarantee equal opportunity for all individuals with disabilities, regardless of the nature or severity of the disability. NCD's major activities for 1998 are grouped into four areas: (1)…

Subtypes of Reading Disability in a Shallow Orthography: A Double Dissociation between Accuracy-Disabled and Rate-Disabled Readers of Hebrew

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shany, Michal; Share, David L.

2011-01-01

Whereas most English language sub-typing schemes for dyslexia (e.g., Castles & Coltheart, "1993") have focused on reading accuracy for words varying in regularity, such an approach may have limited utility for reading disability sub-typing beyond English in which fluency rather than accuracy is the key discriminator of developmental and individual…

[From care to consideration of disabled people].

PubMed

Chossy, Jean-François

2014-05-01

The law of 11th February 2005 relating to the equality of the rights and opportunities, participation and citizenship of disabled people was a major step forward. Nevertheless, more progress is needed to ensure more consideration is given to disabled people.

Contribution of vertebral deformities to chronic back pain and disability. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ettinger, B.; Black, D. M.; Nevitt, M. C.; Rundle, A. C.; Cauley, J. A.; Cummings, S. R.; Genant, H. K.

1992-01-01

Among 2992 white women aged 65-70 years recruited from population-based listings, we measured radiographic vertebral dimensions of T5-L4 and calculated ratios of heights: anterior/posterior, mid/posterior, and posterior/posterior of either adjacent vertebra. The degree of deformity for each vertebra was analyzed in terms of the number of standard deviations (SD) that ratio differed from the mean ratio calculated for the same vertebral level in this population. We correlated the severity of each woman's worst vertebral deformity with back pain, back disability in six activities of daily living, and height loss since age 25. Only 39.4% of the cohort had no vertebral deformity; 10.2% had a deformity greater than or equal to 4 SD. Vertebral deformities less than 4 SD below the mean were not associated with increased back pain, disability, or loss of height. In contrast, women whose deformity was greater than or equal to 4 SD had a 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5-2.4) times higher risk of moderate to severe back pain and a 2.6 (95% CI, 1.7-3.9) times higher risk of disability involving the back; they were also 2.5 (95% CI, 2.0-3.2) times more likely to have lost greater than or equal to 4 cm in height. All three types of vertebral deformity (wedge, end plate, and crush) were equally associated with these outcomes. Multiple deformities less than 4 SD did not increase the likelihood of these three outcomes, but multiple deformities greater than or equal to 4 SD tended to be associated with increased back pain, disability, and height loss. This large cross-sectional study suggests that vertebral deformities cause substantial pain, disability, or loss of height only if vertebral height ratios fall 4 SD below the normal mean. Much back pain could not be attributed to vertebral deformities, suggesting other causes.

Outcomes of a new residential scheme for adults with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan: a 2-year follow-up.

PubMed

Chou, Y-C; Pu, C; Kröger, T; Lee, W; Chang, S

2011-09-01

The Taiwanese government launched a new programme in November 2004 to support adults with intellectual disabilities living in smaller facilities. This paper aims to evaluate the service outcomes of this new residential scheme over 2 years including those residents who moved from an institution and those who moved from their family. A one-group repeated-measures analysis was conducted for five interviews after the adults with intellectual disabilities entered the new environment. Forty-nine adults were initially studied (T1) and 29 adults remained in the homes until the end of the study (T5). This study found significant improvements over the 2 years in the residents' quality of life and family contact. The results also highlight a decrease in maladaptive behaviour among the residents moving from institution and an increase in choice making and family contact among the residents moving from family. No significant changes in adaptive behaviour and community inclusion were found. Results revealed that further policy changes and financial support including service quality assurance are required in order to improve service outcomes for adults living in the new residential scheme. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

12 CFR 268.103 - Complaints of discrimination covered by this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... disability), or the Equal Pay Act (sex-based wage discrimination) shall be processed in accordance with this... for employment. (c) This part does not apply to Equal Pay Act complaints of employees whose services... OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM RULES REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Board Program To Promote Equal...

12 CFR 268.705 - Employment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Prohibition Against Discrimination in Board Programs and Activities Because of Physical or Mental Disability § 268.705 Employment. No qualified individual with a disability shall, on the basis of a disability, be subjected to discrimination in employment under any program or activity...

12 CFR 268.705 - Employment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Prohibition Against Discrimination in Board Programs and Activities Because of Physical or Mental Disability § 268.705 Employment. No qualified individual with a disability shall, on the basis of a disability, be subjected to discrimination in employment under any program or activity...

The development of a framework for high-quality, sustainable and accessible rural private therapy under the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme.

PubMed

Dew, Angela; Barton, Rebecca; Ragen, Jo; Bulkeley, Kim; Iljadica, Alexandra; Chedid, Rebecca; Brentnall, Jennie; Bundy, Anita; Lincoln, Michelle; Gallego, Gisselle; Veitch, Craig

2016-12-01

The Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) will provide people with individual funding with which to purchase services such as therapy from private providers. This study developed a framework to support rural private therapists to meet the anticipated increase in demand. The study consisted of three stages utilizing focus groups, interviews and an online expert panel. Participants included private therapists delivering services in rural New South Wales (n = 28), disability service users (n = 9) and key representatives from a range of relevant consumer and service organizations (n = 16). We conducted a thematic analysis of focus groups and interview data and developed a draft framework which was subsequently refined based on feedback from stakeholders. The framework highlights the need for a 'rural-proofed' policy context in which service users, therapists and communities engage collaboratively in a therapy pathway. This collaborative engagement is supported by enablers, including networks, resources and processes which are influenced by the drivers of time, cost, opportunity and motivation. The framework identifies factors that will facilitate delivery of high-quality, sustainable, individualized private therapy services for people with a disability in rural Australia under the NDIS and emphasizes the need to reconceptualize the nature of private therapy service delivery. Implications for Rehabilitation Rural private therapists need upskilling to work with individuals with disability who have individual funding such as that provided by the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme. Therapists working in rural communities need to consider alternative ways of delivering therapy to individuals with disability beyond the traditional one-on-one therapy models. Rural private therapists need support to work collaboratively with individuals with disability and the local community. Rural private therapists should harness locally available and broader networks, resources and processes to meet the needs and goals of individuals with disability.

Theoretical investigations of quantum correlations in NMR multiple-pulse spin-locking experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerasev, S. A.; Fedorova, A. V.; Fel'dman, E. B.; Kuznetsova, E. I.

2018-04-01

Quantum correlations are investigated theoretically in a two-spin system with the dipole-dipole interactions in the NMR multiple-pulse spin-locking experiments. We consider two schemes of the multiple-pulse spin-locking. The first scheme consists of π /2-pulses only and the delays between the pulses can differ. The second scheme contains φ-pulses (0<φ <π ) and has equal delays between them. We calculate entanglement for both schemes for an initial separable state. We show that entanglement is absent for the first scheme at equal delays between π /2-pulses at arbitrary temperatures. Entanglement emerges after several periods of the pulse sequence in the second scheme at φ =π /4 at milliKelvin temperatures. The necessary number of the periods increases with increasing temperature. We demonstrate the dependence of entanglement on the number of the periods of the multiple-pulse sequence. Quantum discord is obtained for the first scheme of the multiple-pulse spin-locking experiment at different temperatures.

Collecting Disability Data from Parents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porter, Jill; Daniels, Harry; Feiler, Anthony; Georgeson, Jan

2011-01-01

This article describes the development and national trial of a methodology for collecting disability data directly from parents, enabling schools and local authorities to meet their obligations under the "Disability Discrimination Act" (DDA; 2005) to promote equality of opportunity for all children. It illustrates the complexities around…

Communicating and Interacting with People Who Have Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Washington, DC.

This manual provides guidelines to offices of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission for effective interaction and communication with people who have disabilities. Each chapter provides suggestions for interacting with people with a specific disability. In addition to general suggestions for fostering courteous interactions, chapters include…

76 FR 14439 - No FEAR Act Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

... basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, marital status or political..., religion, sex, national origin or disability, you must contact an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO...

Enhancing the Schooling Level of the Special Higher Education and Perfecting the Disabled People Higher Education System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Aiguo

2009-01-01

It is the urgent problem to quickly develop the graduate education of disabled college students for Chinese special higher education. Through the comparison of the foreign and domestic disabled graduate education actualities, we should constitute the postgraduate cultivation scheme and the education layout which could not only possess Chinese…

Unpacking the Complexity of Planning with Persons with Cognitive Disability and Complex Support Needs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collings, Susan; Dew, Angela; Dowse, Leanne

2018-01-01

Background: Planners will engage with people with cognitive disability and complex support needs in the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme, but the specific skills needed to build sustainable plans with this group are not yet known. Method: A qualitative study was conducted to explore the barriers and facilitators to planning with…

Racial/Ethnic Contrasts in the Relationships between Physical Disability, Perceived Discrimination, and Depressive Symptoms.

PubMed

Kilpatrick, Quentin K; Taylor, John

2018-02-13

The systematic deprivation of equal access to valued opportunities has greatly harmed the disadvantaged. Discrimination, whether it is based on gender, race, sexual orientation, or physical health exacts a high toll. This is especially true with respect to the role of race and equality in the USA today. This paper attempts to evaluate the significance of perceived discrimination among a multiethnic sample of physically disabled and non-disabled study participants. We employ survey data from a community-based multiethnic sample of study participants to assess whether physical disability increases perceptions of discrimination across racial/ethnic groups. Additionally, we assess whether physical disability impacts the relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms and whether this relationship is consistent across race/ethnicity. Descriptive and multivariate analyses indicate that disabled whites and Hispanics report higher levels of discrimination than their non-disabled counterparts. However, this pattern was not observed among black respondents who report high levels of discrimination regardless of their disability status. OLS models indicate that among Hispanics, physical disability moderates the relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms. Among black and white study participants, physical disability does not moderate this relationship. Taken together, the results demonstrate the continuing significance of race as a source of discrimination and a health risk.

Equal employment opportunity for individuals with disabilities--EEOC. Final rule.

PubMed

1991-07-26

On July 26, 1990, the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law. Section 106 of the ADA requires that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issue substantive regulations implementing title I (Employment) within one year of the date of enactment of the Act. Pursuant to this mandate, the Commission is publishing a new part 1630 to its regulations to implement title I and sections 3(2), 3(3), 501, 503, 506(e), 508, 510, and 511 of the ADA as those sections pertain to employment. New part 1630 prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in all aspects of employment.

A group electronegativity equalization scheme including external potential effects.

PubMed

Leyssens, Tom; Geerlings, Paul; Peeters, Daniel

2006-07-20

By calculating the electron affinity and ionization energy of different functional groups, CCSD electronegativity values are obtained, which implicitly account for the effect of the molecular environment. This latter is approximated using a chemically justified point charge model. On the basis of Sanderson's electronegativity equalization principle, this approach is shown to lead to reliable "group in molecule" electronegativities. Using a slight adjustment of the modeled environment and first-order principles, an electronegativity equalization scheme is obtained, which implicitly accounts for the major part of the external potential effect. This scheme can be applied in a predictive manner to estimate the charge transfer between two functional groups, without having to rely on cumbersome calibrations. A very satisfactory correlation is obtained between these charge transfers and those obtained from an ab initio calculation of the entire molecule.

Sustaining Inclusive Environments for Employees with Developmental Disabilities: A Study of Employers' Reports Regarding Best Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Gretchen

2014-01-01

The unemployment rate for individuals with disabilities is twice that of non-disabled job seekers (as reported by Allsup's second quarter report, 2012). An even greater disparity for individuals with developmental disabilities exists. Despite an equal or greater desire to find a job (Ali, Schur, & Blanck, 2011) in comparison with non-disabled…

Paralympics 2012 Legacy: Accessible Housing and Disability Equality or Inequality?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahmed, Nadia

2013-01-01

The golden summer of sport is now over, but what is the legacy of London 2012 for disabled people? Nadia Ahmed, a disabled student, discusses the difficulties she has faced in finding accessible accommodation in London. She argues that while the Games are over, the United Kingdom still has lots of hurdles to leap when it comes to disability. The…

A Survey Study of College Students with Disabilities and Their Involvement in the IEP/Transition Planning Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eddy, Steve Eugene

2010-01-01

Educating students with disabilities gained national attention in 1975 with the passage of Public Law 94-142 the Education of All Handicapped Children Act. This law provided students with disabilities with equal access to the same free and appropriate education as students without disabilities, and mandated that schools provide students with…

Bringing Disability History Alive in Schools: Promoting a New Understanding of Disability through Performance Methods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shah, Sonali; Wallis, Mick; Conor, Fiona; Kiszely, Phillip

2015-01-01

The transfer of disability history research to new generation audiences is crucial to allow lessons from the past to impact the future inclusion and equality agenda. As today's children are the policy makers and the legislators of tomorrow, it is important for them to have opportunities to engage with disability life story narratives to understand…

Information Equality for Individuals with Disabilities: Does It Exist?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Jill

2013-01-01

Drawing on the author's experience as an information professional for individuals with disabilities, this article discusses the challenges faced by both library users and staff in obtaining and providing information to this community. It poses four questions: Where do individuals with disabilities fit into diversity studies? Do individuals with…

Legal Challenges and Opportunities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heyward, Salome

2011-01-01

For legal issues in the field of disability compliance, this is an exciting time in postsecondary education. The twentieth anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) signals a reawakening of the commitment to provide equal access to individuals with disabilities. This chapter explores three of the compliance issues that will be of…

Judging without criteria? Sickness certification in Dutch disability schemes.

PubMed

Meershoek, Agnes; Krumeich, Anja; Vos, Rein

2007-05-01

The gate-keeping function that physicians perform in determining clients' physical and mental incapacities is widely assumed to be the main reason for the rising numbers of disabled people. The sharp rise in the number of disabled has led many to claim that the disability benefits schemes are untenable. In order to regain public control and to make disabled eligibility procedures more transparent guidelines have been introduced in which medical evaluations are conceptualised as formal rational decisions. It is, however, questionable whether such measures are helpful in achieving their stated aims. This paper is based on ethnographic research on the ways physicians evaluate the eligibility of clients for disability benefits. It argues that assessing incapacity involves much more than formal rational decision-making. Doctors' reasoning is contextual and deliberative in character, and thus their assessment of a client's incapacity is less a technical matter than a normative one. Instead of generating transparency, guidelines based on formal rationality make the complex deliberations on which such judgments are based invisible, because they deny the normative dimension of medical expert decision-making. Therefore, different measures have to be developed that allow this normative dimension to be articulated, since insight into this normative dimension is a necessary pre-condition to be able to criticise disability judgments at all.

Equal Employment + Equal Pay = Multiple Problems for Colleges and Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steinbach, Sheldon Elliot; Reback, Joyce E.

1974-01-01

Issues involved in government regulation of university employment practices are discussed: confidentiality of records, pregnancy as a disability, alleged discrimination in benefits, tests and other employment criteria, seniority and layoff, reverse discrimination, use of statistics for determination of discrimination, and the Equal Pay Act. (JT)

An EBSD Investigation of Ultrafine-Grain Titanium for Biomedical Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-21

angular pressing (ECAP) using a Conform scheme followed by rod drawing. The microstructure was found to be bimodal consisting of relatively coarse...produced for medical implants. The UFG ma- terial was obtained by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) using a Conform scheme followed by rod drawing...1–6]. The method is based on severe plastic deformation (SPD) and typically includes warm equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) followed by ether cold

Equal Access.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Patta, Joe

2003-01-01

Presents an interview with Stephen McCarthy, co-partner and president of Equal Access ADA Consulting Architects of San Diego, California, about designing schools to naturally integrate compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). (EV)

Students with Disabilities: Opportunities and Challenges for Colleges and Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Barbara A.

2014-01-01

Data collected by the US Department of Education in 2008 indicate that US colleges and universities enrolled 707,000 students with disabilities, divided roughly equally between public and private institutions. The survey found that 31 percent of these students reported learning disabilities, 18 percent ADD or ADHD, 15 percent mental illness or…

Establishing a Framework on OER Practices for ICT Competence of Disabled Citizens

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Altinay, Zehra; Ossiannilsson, Ebba; Kalaç, Mustafa Ozhan; Basari, Gülsün; Aktepebasi, Ali; Altinay, Fahriye

2016-01-01

The research encapsulates the framework on potential contributions of OER practices for supporting the ICT competence for disabled adult learners in building equal opportunities within the society. The study underlined the developing OER policy and framework to focus on digital citizenship competency for disabled adult learners. OER practices can…

76 FR 16977 - Regulations To Implement the Equal Employment Provisions of the Americans With Disabilities Act...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-25

... pregnancy-related impairments may be disabilities. To respond to these inquiries, the final appendix states that although pregnancy itself is not an impairment, and therefore is not a disability, a pregnancy... of the definition. Alternatively, a pregnancy-related impairment may constitute a ``record of'' a...

Implementing Disability Sports in the General Physical Education Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Ronald; Rocco-Dillon, Suzanna; Grenier, Michelle; Martinez, David; Aenchbacker, Amy

2012-01-01

The purpose of this article is to offer a theory-to-practice-based approach to promoting equal status for all students in GPE classes by implementing disability sports in the GPE curriculum. Teaching disability sports is an appropriate means of promoting inclusion and establishing a more differentiated and comprehensive GPE curriculum. This…

One principle and a fourth fallacy of disability studies

PubMed Central

Harris, J.

2002-01-01

This brief paper shows that the idea of benefits to the subject compensating for the harms of disability is at best self defeating and at worst sinister. Equally benefits to third parties while real are dubious as compensating factors. This shows that disabilities are just that, a net loss and not a net gain.

Including Children with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mittler, Peter

2004-01-01

The inclusion of disabled children in their local schools and communities is part of the universal struggle of disabled people to claim their basic human rights to equality and participation, and to insist on the necessary changes in society and its institutions to make this possible. Although this movement is still in its infancy, reports from…

Teaching Mathematical Subjects to Students with Musculoskeletal Disabilities: Public and Peer Discussions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Jie; Utemov, Vyacheslav V.; Kalimullin, Aydar M.

2017-01-01

The Russian and international legislation ensure equal educational rights to all people regardless of whether have a disability or not. However, traditional approaches to organization of educational activities often do not provide a high enough level of education (including higher education) for people with disabilities as they do not take into…

Opportunities for Students with Disabilities in Higher Education Institutions in Turkey: Where Is ICT?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kurt, A. Askim; Çolak, Canan; Dönmez, Pelin; Filiz, Ozan; Türkan, Fatih; Odabasi, H. Ferhan

2016-01-01

Students with disabilities should have equal opportunities to participate in higher education as well as students without disabilities. These opportunities are mentioned in a number of various international conventions within a growing attention. According to this growing attention, Higher Education Council in Turkey, determined the Counseling and…

Structural barriers at the workplace for employees with vision and locomotor disabilities in New Delhi, India.

PubMed

Saigal, Neha; Narayan, Rajeev

2014-01-01

India, a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), has 2.21% of people with disabilities to the total population of which 26% are employed (Census 2011 and 2001). Accessibility was introduced for the first time in 1995 under The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act. Article 9 of UNCRPD promotes barrier-free environment on an equal basis with others. Despite the legislation and the UN convention, structural barriers continue to be one of the largest barriers posing concern for PwDs at their workplace. To identify various physicall barriers limiting accessibility of PWDs in the formal sector in Delhi. Quantitative descriptive research design. Random sample was drawn. Structural barriers create difficulty in accessing basic amenities such as canteens, toilets etc. Disability is a human rights issue. An employee with disability is entitled to dignified life. Effective implementation of Article 9 and 27 of UNCRPD will pave a way for removing structural barriers at workplace.

77 FR 64217 - Blind Americans Equality Day, 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... opportunities for students to achieve in math and science classes, the Department of Education is promoting... playing field is level, people with disabilities are equally capable of excelling in these economically...

Received, Understanding and Satisfaction of National Health Insurance Premium Subsidy Scheme by Families of Children with Disabilities: A Census Study in Taipei City

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Jin-Ding; Lin, Ya-Wen; Yen, Chia-Feng; Loh, Ching-Hui; Chwo, Miao-Ju

2009-01-01

The purposes of the present study are to provide the first data on utilization, understanding and satisfaction of the National Health Insurance (NHI) premium subsidy for families of children with disabilities in Taipei. Data from the 2001 Taipei Early Intervention Utilization and Evaluation Survey for Aged 0-6 Children with Disabilities were…

Capability and Educational Equality: The Just Distribution of Resources to Students with Disabilities and Special Educational Needs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terzi, Lorella

2007-01-01

The ideal of educational equality is fundamentally grounded in the egalitarian principle that social and institutional arrangements should be designed to give equal consideration to "all". However, beyond this broad stipulation, the precise content of the ideal of educational equality is more difficult to determine. In this article, I aim to…

Dictionary-learning-based reconstruction method for electron tomography.

PubMed

Liu, Baodong; Yu, Hengyong; Verbridge, Scott S; Sun, Lizhi; Wang, Ge

2014-01-01

Electron tomography usually suffers from so-called “missing wedge” artifacts caused by limited tilt angle range. An equally sloped tomography (EST) acquisition scheme (which should be called the linogram sampling scheme) was recently applied to achieve 2.4-angstrom resolution. On the other hand, a compressive sensing inspired reconstruction algorithm, known as adaptive dictionary based statistical iterative reconstruction (ADSIR), has been reported for X-ray computed tomography. In this paper, we evaluate the EST, ADSIR, and an ordered-subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (OS-SART), and compare the ES and equally angled (EA) data acquisition modes. Our results show that OS-SART is comparable to EST, and the ADSIR outperforms EST and OS-SART. Furthermore, the equally sloped projection data acquisition mode has no advantage over the conventional equally angled mode in this context.

Equality Hypocrisy, Inconsistency, and Prejudice: The Unequal Application of the Universal Human Right to Equality.

PubMed

Abrams, Dominic; Houston, Diane M; Van de Vyver, Julie; Vasiljevic, Milica

2015-02-01

In Western culture, there appears to be widespread endorsement of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (which stresses equality and freedom). But do people really apply their equality values equally, or are their principles and application systematically discrepant, resulting in equality hypocrisy? The present study, conducted with a representative national sample of adults in the United Kingdom ( N = 2,895), provides the first societal test of whether people apply their value of "equality for all" similarly across multiple types of status minority (women, disabled people, people aged over 70, Blacks, Muslims, and gay people). Drawing on theories of intergroup relations and stereotyping we examined, relation to each of these groups, respondents' judgments of how important it is to satisfy their particular wishes, whether there should be greater or reduced equality of employment opportunities, and feelings of social distance. The data revealed a clear gap between general equality values and responses to these specific measures. Respondents prioritized equality more for "paternalized" groups (targets of benevolent prejudice: women, disabled, over 70) than others (Black people, Muslims, and homosexual people), demonstrating significant inconsistency. Respondents who valued equality more, or who expressed higher internal or external motivation to control prejudice, showed greater consistency in applying equality. However, even respondents who valued equality highly showed significant divergence in their responses to paternalized versus nonpaternalized groups, revealing a degree of hypocrisy. Implications for strategies to promote equality and challenge prejudice are discussed.

Equality Hypocrisy, Inconsistency, and Prejudice: The Unequal Application of the Universal Human Right to Equality

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

In Western culture, there appears to be widespread endorsement of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (which stresses equality and freedom). But do people really apply their equality values equally, or are their principles and application systematically discrepant, resulting in equality hypocrisy? The present study, conducted with a representative national sample of adults in the United Kingdom (N = 2,895), provides the first societal test of whether people apply their value of “equality for all” similarly across multiple types of status minority (women, disabled people, people aged over 70, Blacks, Muslims, and gay people). Drawing on theories of intergroup relations and stereotyping we examined, relation to each of these groups, respondents’ judgments of how important it is to satisfy their particular wishes, whether there should be greater or reduced equality of employment opportunities, and feelings of social distance. The data revealed a clear gap between general equality values and responses to these specific measures. Respondents prioritized equality more for “paternalized” groups (targets of benevolent prejudice: women, disabled, over 70) than others (Black people, Muslims, and homosexual people), demonstrating significant inconsistency. Respondents who valued equality more, or who expressed higher internal or external motivation to control prejudice, showed greater consistency in applying equality. However, even respondents who valued equality highly showed significant divergence in their responses to paternalized versus nonpaternalized groups, revealing a degree of hypocrisy. Implications for strategies to promote equality and challenge prejudice are discussed. PMID:25914516

UK doctors and equal opportunities in the NHS: national questionnaire surveys of views on gender, ethnicity and disability

PubMed Central

Surman, Geraldine; Goldacre, Michael

2014-01-01

Objectives To seek doctors’ views about the NHS as an employer, our surveys about doctors’ career intentions and progression, undertaken between 1999 and 2013, also asked whether the NHS was, in their view, a good ‘equal opportunities’ employer for women doctors, doctors from ethnic minority groups and doctors with disabilities. Design and Setting Surveys undertaken in the UK by mail and Internet. Participants UK medical graduates in selected graduation years between 1993 and 2012. Main outcome measures Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with three statements starting ‘The NHS is a good equal opportunities employer for…’ and ending ‘women doctors’, ‘doctors from ethnic minorities’ and ‘doctors with disabilities’. Results Of first-year doctors surveyed in 2013, 3.6% (78/2158) disagreed that the NHS is a good equal opportunities employer for women doctors (1.7% of the men and 4.7% of the women); 2.2% (44/1968) disagreed for doctors from ethnic minorities (0.9% of white doctors and 5.8% of non-white doctors) and 12.6% (175/1387) disagreed for doctors with disabilities. Favourable perceptions of the NHS in these respects improved substantially between 1999 and 2013; among first-year doctors of 2000–2003, combined, the corresponding percentages of disagreement were 23.5% for women doctors, 23.1% for doctors from ethnic minorities and 50.6% for doctors with disabilities. Conclusions Positive views about the NHS as an equal opportunities employer have increased in recent years, but the remaining gap in perception of this between women and men, and between ethnic minority and white doctors, is a concern. PMID:25271275

75 FR 6703 - Notice of Rights and Protections Available Under the Notification and Federal Employee...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-10

... privileges of employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability... basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or disability, you must contact an Equal...

[The Evaluation of the German Federal Law of Equal Treatment of Disabled Persons].

PubMed

Ramm, D; Welti, F

2017-08-01

The German federal law of equal treatment of disabled persons (Behindertengleichstellungsgesetz des Bundes, BGG) came into effect in 2002. An evaluation of this law was required by the national plan of action for the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Project evaluation objectives were to estimate whether the needs of disabled persons were being met and whether the instruments proved to be adequate for fulfilling the aims of the law. Jurisprudential analyses in combination with surveys were used for this research. It was found that the BGG still lacks adequate publicity. Its impact, however, was assessed as positive. Results also indicate that there might be some shortcomings with regard to accessibility. For a closer examination, however, more data focusing on accessibility in the context of health care and rehabilitation is. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

[Participatory research : Meaning, concept, objectives and methods].

PubMed

Brütt, Anna Levke; Buschmann-Steinhage, Rolf; Kirschning, Silke; Wegscheider, Karl

2016-09-01

Shaping one's own life and feeling equal in society is an essential aspect of participation. Based on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Social Security Code IX and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), participation is relevant for the German health system. The cross-sectional discipline of participation research investigates conditions for self-determined and equal participation in society. Research results can reinforce and promote the participation of humans with disabilities. Participation research uses established quantitative and qualitative approaches. Moreover, participatory research is a relevant approach that demands involving persons with disabilities in decisions in the research process. In the future, it will be important to concentrate findings and to connect researchers. The participation research action alliance (Aktionsbündnis Teilhabeforschung), which was established in 2015, aims to make funding accessible as well as strengthen and profile participation research.

The Educational Attainment Process among Adolescents with Disabilities and Children of Parents with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shandra, Carrie L.; Hogan, Dennis P.

2009-01-01

This article uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) to examine the relationship between disability, parental and youth university expectations in 1997, and youth high school completion and university enrolment by 2003. Results indicate that educational attainment is not equal for young adults with and without…

Academic Accommodations, Social Supports, and Academic Self-Efficacy: Predictors of Academic Success for Postsecondary Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howe, Stefanie Marie

2013-01-01

Although the "Rehabilitation Act of 1973" and the "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990" have mandated the necessity of services for students with disabilities to receive equal access to education, a clear picture of what contributes to academic success is still lacking. Research indicates that students with disabilities…

Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults with Intellectual Disabilities Are Extremely Low

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hilgenkamp, Thessa I. M.; Reis, Debora; van Wijck, Ruud; Evenhuis, Heleen M.

2012-01-01

This study measures physical activity levels in a representative population-based sample of older adults (aged [greater than or equal to]50 years) with intellectual disabilities. For this, the steps/day of all 1050 participants of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities study (HA-ID; a study conducted among three Dutch healthcare…

The Hunt for Disability: The New Eugenics and the Normalization of School Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Bernadette

2002-01-01

Examines issues of sameness, difference, equality, and democracy in present public school systems, focusing on the question of (dis)ability and implications of rethinking (dis)ability as an ontological issue before its inscription as an educational one concerning the politics of inclusion. The paper analyzes old and new discourses of eugenics as…

A Review of Mathematical Learning Disabilities in Children with Fragile X Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Melissa M.

2009-01-01

The prevalence rate of mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) among children with fragile X syndrome who do not meet criteria for intellectual and developmental disabilities ([approximately equal to] 50% of female children) exceeds the rate reported in the general population. The purpose of this article is two-fold: (1) to review the findings on…

Sex Education for Physically, Emotionally, and Mentally Challenged Youth. From Research to Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keshav, Dimple; Huberman, Barbara

2006-01-01

In recent years, important changes in public policies and attitudes have resulted in improved opportunities for people with physical and mental disabilities. Now, people living with disabilities assume their rightful place in society as the equals of non-disabled people. Unfortunately, societal attitudes have changed less in regard to "sexuality"…

Weight Management in Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Dietary Approaches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ptomey, Lauren T.; Saunders, Richard R.; Saunders, Muriel; Washburn, Richard A.; Mayo, Matthew S.; Sullivan, Debra K.; Gibson, Cheryl A.; Goetz, Jeannine R.; Honas, Jeff J.; Willis, Erik A.; Danon, Jessica C.; Krebill, Ron; Donnelly, Joseph E.

2018-01-01

Background: The prevalence of obesity among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is equal to or greater than the general population. Methods: Overweight/obese adults (BMI =25 kg/m2) with mild-to-moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities were randomized to an enhanced stop light diet…

The critical role of community-based micro-grants for disability aids and equipment: results from a needs analysis.

PubMed

Muenchberger, Heidi; Ehrlich, Carolyn; Parekh, Sanjoti; Crozier, Michelle

2016-01-01

To investigate the role of philanthropic micro-grants (maximum of $10,000) in the provision of aids and equipment for adults (aged 18-65 years of age) with complex disabilities and examine key trends in aids and equipment requests. This study examined, through quantitative and qualitative analysis, aids and equipment requests (n = 371 individual applications as represented by 136 service organisations in three Australian states) received by a not-for-profit (NFP) organisation across five consecutive years of an innovative micro-grants scheme. Findings highlight that living situation (living with family or living independently) significantly influences the nature of requests for respite, aids, equipment and home modifications. Specifically, people with complex disabilities living with their families require greater combined service provision (higher equipment need, respite support, home modifications) than those living independently (equipment need only). Type of disability did not influence request type. Qualitative data further indicated the "last resort" nature of respite requests, particularly for younger applicants (under 45 years of age) indicating critical unmet needs in the community. Results demonstrate the vital role of NFP organisations and philanthropic funds in supporting daily lifestyle aids and equipment (including respite) that might otherwise not be funded for people with complex disabilities. Although preliminary in its scope and prior to implementation of a National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in Australia, findings suggest both opportunity and risk to the uptake of community-based micro-grant funding: opportunity for users through the provision of essential aids and lifestyle supports, and risk through over-subscription and devolving of responsibility for critical support resources from public sector. The aids and equipment needs of adults under the age of 65 appear to have been underestimated, poorly defined and under-serviced. Service users need more assistance for their carers (i.e. equipment to facilitate safe lifting, urgent breaks from care routines) as well as aids, equipment and modifications to help them to live a more normal life (e.g. going to the beach). Living situation (i.e. independently or with family) significantly influences the nature and extent of aids and equipment requested. Supporting adults up to the age of 65 to live more independently would positively influence carers and family, while at the same time providing opportunities for more targeted personal care supports. Philanthropic and not-for-profit schemes are helping to address these needs through micro-grant schemes for purchases under $10 000, but sustainability is questioned. The introduction of Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) presents an opportunity to consider the lifestyle needs of service users and carers, and determine who is best placed to address them.

Annual Demographic Report: Hiring and Retention of Minorities, Women, and Persons with Disabilities in the United States Intelligence Community Fiscal Year 2015

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

for individuals with disabilities , and inclusion issues. New this year was an audio presentation panel discussion with DIA and NGA employees on...of minorities, women, and individuals with disabilities . Equal Employment Opportunity and Inclusion : Ensure compliance with laws, policies, and...Program for college students with disabilities USCG Certified employees as Diversity and Inclusion Trainers USMC Marine Corps Intelligence

Joint compensation scheme of polarization crosstalk, intersymbol interference, frequency offset, and phase noise based on cascaded Kalman filter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Qun; Yang, Yanfu; Xiang, Qian; Zhou, Zhongqing; Yao, Yong

2018-02-01

A joint compensation scheme based on cascaded Kalman filter is proposed, which can implement polarization tracking, channel equalization, frequency offset, and phase noise compensation simultaneously. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only compensate multiple channel impairments simultaneously but also improve the polarization tracking capacity and accelerate the convergence speed. The scheme has up to eight times faster convergence speed compared with radius-directed equalizer (RDE) + Max-FFT (maximum fast Fourier transform) + BPS (blind phase search) and can track up polarization rotation 60 times and 15 times faster than that of RDE + Max-FFT + BPS and CMMA (cascaded multimodulus algorithm) + Max-FFT + BPS, respectively.

Enhancing the public sector’s capacity for inclusive economic participation of disabled youth in rural communities

PubMed Central

Lorenzo, Theresa

2016-01-01

Background The capacity of service providers in the public sector to deliver inclusive services is essential to implement strategies that will allow the full participation of disabled youth in development opportunities in the rural context. Objectives This article sets out to describe the capacity of service providers in facilitating the participation of disabled youth in economic development opportunities. Method An instrumental, embedded single case study informed the research design. The sample consisted of five disabled youth, four family members and six service providers. Data was gathered through in depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis was done inductively and thematically. In the discussion, the interpretation used organisational capacity elements as a framework. Results The findings indicate a perception of disability as a multifaceted and challenging issue with different orientations to service delivery, based on the understanding of the impairment and disability. There is a strong focus on impairment and negative attitudes. Discussion An asset-building approach could facilitate awareness of the capacities of disabled youth and thus shift negative attitudes to enabling attitudes. The vague strategies for youth and women reflect an organisational attitude that seems non-committal to its core agenda of inclusive development, which would ensure equal opportunities for participation by disabled youth. Conclusion An appreciative process of facilitating a deeper understanding of the needs of disabled youth would assist service providers to reconceptualise disability within an expansive framework of equal opportunities and active citizenship. PMID:28730042

Preparing disabled students for professional practice: managing risk through a principles-based approach.

PubMed

Hargreaves, Janet; Walker, Lizzie

2014-08-01

A discussion exploring the ways disabled students are managed in practice settings. It proposes and argues for morally and legally viable principles to guide risk assessment and inclusive decision-making in practice. Equality law means that universities are bound not to discriminate against students on the basis, amongst other things, of disability. As a consequence in the UK, there is a perceived increase in numbers of disabled people applying for and succeeding as health professionals. Whilst placement providers are equally obliged by the law to have inclusive policies, competing needs including patient safety, public confidence and professional regulations mean that adjustments that can be made in an educational environment to appropriately support student learning may prove to be more difficult in placements that provide direct care to the public. This discussion is an outcome of recommendations from published research by the authors and their research partners. It is supported by related literature, critical debate amongst academics, disabled students and disabled and non-disabled practitioners. Ensuring a nursing workforce that mirrors the diversity of the population it serves is of universal importance. Effective management of disabled students can contribute to achieving this goal and to promoting a positive view of disabled practitioners. Legislation is necessary to protect disabled people from discrimination. To respect this legislation, when preparing nurses and other health professions, a clear understanding of the law and a principles-based approach to guiding risk is important. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The DoD Civilian Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-21

as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome , emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. b. Major Life Activities. Functions...mental or psychological disorder, such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome , emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities

A Classification Scheme for Therapeutic Recreation Research Grounded in the Rehabilitative Sciences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shank, J. W.; And Others

1996-01-01

Presents therapeutic recreation (TR) research according to a model from the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research to guide research on disability, rehabilitation, and quality of life for persons with disabilities. Suggests that disseminating TR research can stimulate interdisciplinary collaboration and support inclusion of TR…

Too poor to say no? Health incentives for disadvantaged populations.

PubMed

Voigt, Kristin

2017-03-01

Incentive schemes, which offer recipients benefits if they meet particular requirements, are being used across the world to encourage healthier behaviours. From the perspective of equality, an important concern about such schemes is that since people often do not have equal opportunity to fulfil the stipulated conditions, incentives create opportunity for further unfair advantage. Are incentive schemes that are available only to disadvantaged groups less susceptible to such egalitarian concerns? While targeted schemes may at first glance seem well placed to help improve outcomes among disadvantaged groups and thus reduce inequalities, I argue in this paper that they are susceptible to significant problems. At the same time, incentive schemes may be less problematic when they operate in ways that differ from the 'standard' incentive mechanism; I discuss three such mechanisms. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Perceptions of Academic Quality and Approaches to Studying among Disabled and Nondisabled Students in Distance Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jelfs, Anne; Richardson, John T. E.

2010-01-01

There is little systematic evidence on the experience of disabled students in higher education. In this study, equal numbers of disabled and nondisabled students taking courses with the UK Open University were surveyed with regard to their approaches to studying and perceptions of the academic quality of their courses. Students with dyslexia or…

Widening Access to Higher Education for Disabled Students: The Intersection of Socio-Economic Background and Impairment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weedon, Elisabet

2016-01-01

The proportion of disabled students in higher education across the UK has increased over the last 20 years as a result of equalities legislation and widening access measures promoted by the Scottish Government. For monitoring and reporting purposes, disabled students have often been treated as a homogeneous group. Drawing on an analysis of…

Understanding the Social Exclusion and Stalled Welfare of Citizens with Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redley, Marcus

2009-01-01

Despite the UK's recent history of promoting the social inclusion and equality of men and women with learning disabilities they remain a significantly disadvantaged group. Compared with their non-disabled peers they are more likely to be unemployed, less likely to own their own homes and are at a significantly greater risk of physical and mental…

The Use and Usefulness of a Parent Questionnaire to Help Schools Identify Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feiler, Anthony; Porter, Jill; Daniels, Harry; Georgeson, Jan; Hacker, Jane; Martin, Sue

2012-01-01

The Equality Act 2010 will be implemented in full in 2011, and schools in the UK will have to provide special aids or services for children with disabilities where this provision is considered reasonable. This paper reports on staff perspectives on the use and usefulness of a parental questionnaire on disability from a sample of 49 schools…

Promises To Keep: A Decade of Federal Enforcement of the Americans with Disabilities Act, 1990-2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Disability, Washington, DC.

This report is the third in a series of independent analyses by the National Council on Disability on federal enforcement of civil rights laws. This report looks at the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) enforcement activities from 1990 to 1999 of four key federal agencies: the Department of Justice, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission…

Teacher Perceptions about the Influence of Formative Assessment on the Reading Gains of Fourth Grade Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulcahy, Juli

2010-01-01

The education of students with disabilities (SWD) has undergone some significant changes within the public education system since the enactment of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Special education legislation has historically focused on equal access for all students. Too much time has been…

The Right to Inclusive Education under International Law: Following Italy's Lead

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kanter, Arlene S.; Damiani, Michelle L.; Ferri, Beth A.

2014-01-01

It is estimated in the world today, that more than one billion people have a disability (World Health Organization, 2011). Many people with disabilities receive no education, and, of those who do, few receive an education on an equal basis with their non-disabled peers. In 2006, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons…

Oversight Hearing on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's Implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (Title I on Employment and Title V Covering Miscellaneous Provisions). Hearing before the Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session (October 30, 1991).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

This hearing transcript presents testimony, a prepared statement, and supplemental materials provided by Evan J. Kemp, Jr., Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC), specifically related to implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The hearing deals with EEOC enforcement strategies for implementing Title…

Assessment of accessible facilities for disabled passenger movement in aerodrome terminals in Klang Valley

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramli, M. Z.; Hasnol., J. N. E.; Hamid, N. B.; Ismail, N.; Zawawi, M. H.; Zainal, M. Z.

2017-09-01

The effectiveness of accessibility in public transport has prompted a great deal of weakness and confines many disabled from moving around unreservedly. As far as the built-up environment is concerned, it is important that it should be barrier-free and adapted to fulfill the needs of all people equally. The consideration of equal accessibility to outdoor environments is still lacking. These cause the problems with poor accessibility, the disabled people face more challenges and difficulties while travelling and using the public transport. Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of accessible facilities for disabled movement in aerodrome terminals in Klang Valley. An assessment rating was developed from an established guideline to assess the disabled facilities provided in the Aerodrome Terminal 1 and Aerodrome Terminal 2 by using manual observation and measurement technique. Based on the results obtained, the facility for disabled people in both aerodrome terminals are moderate. Aerodrome Terminal 1 is averagely 63.46% while for Aerodrome Terminal 2 is 67.31%. Results demonstrated that effort is needed by the respective agencies and there was a demand on re-designing the current facility, so that disabled people will not face any difficulty while traveling through public transport stations or terminals.

Psychiatric disabilities and the Americans with Disabilities Act: implications for policy and practice.

PubMed

Pardeck, J T

1998-01-01

People with psychiatric disabilities are often victims of job discrimination. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 makes it very clear that job discrimination based on a psychiatric impairment is illegal. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) reports that psychiatric disability is one of the leading causes why persons file discrimination complaints. Given this situation, an analysis is offered of what constitutes a psychiatric disability under the ADA. An overview, an analysis, and examples of the kinds of accommodations employers can be expected to provide people with psychiatric disabilities are offered. The policy and practice implications of the employment provisions (Title I) in the area of psychiatric disabilities are presented.

Travel assistant device (TAD) to aid transit riders with special needs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-08-01

The goal of the Americans with Disabilities (ADA) Act is to provide equal opportunity, full participation, and independence to persons with disabilities. The inability to travel, or the lack of knowledge in accessing the available transportation opti...

12 CFR 268.710 - Compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... RULES REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Prohibition Against Discrimination in Board Programs and Activities Because of Physical or Mental Disability § 268.710 Compliance procedures. (a) Applicability. Except as..., applies to all allegations of discrimination on the basis of a disability in programs or activities...

12 CFR 268.710 - Compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... RULES REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Prohibition Against Discrimination in Board Programs and Activities Because of Physical or Mental Disability § 268.710 Compliance procedures. (a) Applicability. Except as..., applies to all allegations of discrimination on the basis of a disability in programs or activities...

78 FR 13101 - No FEAR Act Notice; Notice of Rights and Protections Available Under Federal Antidiscrimination...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-26

... privileges of employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability... on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or disability, you must contact an Equal...

32 CFR 191.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, or disability. Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO... characteristics of a national origin group. People with disabilities. People who have physical or mental..., such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning...

20 CFR 404.1621 - Personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Personnel. 404.1621 Section 404.1621 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Determinations of Disability Administrative Responsibilities and Requirements § 404.1621 Personnel. (a) Equal...

The Function of Credit Scheme to Improve Family Income among Beef Cattle Farmers in Central Java Province

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasetyo, E.; Ekowati, T.; Roessali, W.; Gayatri, S.

2018-02-01

The aims of study were: (i) identify of beef cattle fattening credit scheme, (ii) calculating and analyze of beef cattle farmers’ income, (iii) analyze of factors influencing beef cattle credit scheme towards farmer’s income. The research was held in five regencies in Central Java Province. Beef cattle fattening farm was standardized as an elementary unit. Survey method was used, while Two Stage Cluster Purposive Sampling was used for determining of sample. Data were analyzed using statistical method of quantitative descriptive and inferential statistics in term of income analysis and multiple linear regression models. The result showed that farmers used their own capital to run the farm. The average amount was IDR 10,769,871. Kredit Ketahanan Pangan dan Energi was credit scheme which was dominantly access by farmers. The average credit was IDR 23,312,200/farmer with rate of credit equal to 6.46%, the time of credit returning equal to 24.60 monthand the prediction of average collateral equal to IDR 35,800,00. The average of farmers’ income was IDR 4,361,611.60/2.96 head of beef cattle/fattening period. If the labour cost did not calculate as a cost production, hence the farmer’ income was IDR 7,608,630.41 or in other word the farmer’ income increase 74.44%. Factors of credit scheme which partially significant influence to the farmers’ income were number of own capital usage and value of credit collateral. Meanwhile, name of credit scheme, financing institution as a creditor, amount of credit, rate of credit scheme and time of returning credit were not significantly influence towards farmers’ income.

Accessibility of electronically mediated education: policy issues.

PubMed

Blair, Martin E; Goldmann, Hilary; Relton, Joy

2004-01-01

Electronic technology has transformed education systems over the past 30 years. Generally speaking, technology has been an incredible benefit for individuals with disabilities. However, the use of technology, particularly in education, has been sometimes discriminatory toward those who are unable to interact with it in the standard ways anticipated by its inventors. Disability policies have attempted to address issues of equality of opportunity for all citizens, but application of these policies to rapidly evolving technology has been difficult. In this article we provide a brief review of disability policy as it pertains to education. We also review several current policy initiatives related to higher education information technology--all of which pertain to public kindergarten through 12th-grade education. We raise questions that arise when careful thought is given to ways in which disability, education, and technology policies overlap. We anticipate that these next few pages will generate dialogue among researchers, policy makers, educators, technology engineers, and others interested in how electronically mediated education affects individuals with disabilities and how it can be used to ensure equal access to the educational benefits available in schools protected by U.S. civil rights legislation.

Random access to mobile networks with advanced error correction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dippold, Michael

1990-01-01

A random access scheme for unreliable data channels is investigated in conjunction with an adaptive Hybrid-II Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) scheme using Rate Compatible Punctured Codes (RCPC) Forward Error Correction (FEC). A simple scheme with fixed frame length and equal slot sizes is chosen and reservation is implicit by the first packet transmitted randomly in a free slot, similar to Reservation Aloha. This allows the further transmission of redundancy if the last decoding attempt failed. Results show that a high channel utilization and superior throughput can be achieved with this scheme that shows a quite low implementation complexity. For the example of an interleaved Rayleigh channel and soft decision utilization and mean delay are calculated. A utilization of 40 percent may be achieved for a frame with the number of slots being equal to half the station number under high traffic load. The effects of feedback channel errors and some countermeasures are discussed.

29 CFR 1630.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT THE EQUAL... function; and major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive... accommodation if needed and related to the past disability. For example, an employee with an impairment that...

29 CFR 1630.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT THE EQUAL... function; and major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive... accommodation if needed and related to the past disability. For example, an employee with an impairment that...

29 CFR 1630.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT THE EQUAL... function; and major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive... accommodation if needed and related to the past disability. For example, an employee with an impairment that...

Hybrid acousto-optic and digital equalization for microwave digital radio channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, C. S.; Vanderlugt, A.

1990-11-01

Digital radio transmission systems use complex modulation schemes that require powerful signal-processing techniques to correct channel distortions and to minimize BERs. This paper proposes combining the computation power of acoustooptic processing and the accuracy of digital processing to produce a hybrid channel equalizer that exceeds the performance of digital equalization alone. Analysis shows that a hybrid equalizer for 256-level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) performs better than a digital equalizer for 64-level QAM.

Quality and Equality in the Lives of People with Disabilities: Do Students with Disabilities Think Their Teachers Should Be Allowed To Die?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sobsey, Dick

1994-01-01

This paper responds to Wood and May's survey of special education teachers' attitudes toward euthanasia. It is pointed out that the mere existence of attitudes supporting euthanasia does not constitute a validation of such attitudes. The discussion of euthanasia of individuals with severe disabilities is discussed as representative of a…

Prevalence of Falls and Risk Factors in Adults with Intellectual Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsieh, Kelly; Rimmer, James; Heller, Tamar

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of falls and risk factors for falls in 1,515 adults (greater than or equal to 18 years) with intellectual disability using baseline data from the Longitudinal Health and Intellectual Disability Study. Nearly 25% of adults from the study were reported to have had one or more falls in the past…

Time-domain digital pre-equalization for band-limited signals based on receiver-side adaptive equalizers.

PubMed

Zhang, Junwen; Yu, Jianjun; Chi, Nan; Chien, Hung-Chang

2014-08-25

We theoretically and experimentally investigate a time-domain digital pre-equalization (DPEQ) scheme for bandwidth-limited optical coherent communication systems, which is based on feedback of channel characteristics from the receiver-side blind and adaptive equalizers, such as least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm and constant or multi- modulus algorithms (CMA, MMA). Based on the proposed DPEQ scheme, we theoretically and experimentally study its performance in terms of various channel conditions as well as resolutions for channel estimation, such as filtering bandwidth, taps length, and OSNR. Using a high speed 64-GSa/s DAC in cooperation with the proposed DPEQ technique, we successfully synthesized band-limited 40-Gbaud signals in modulation formats of polarization-diversion multiplexed (PDM) quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 8-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM, and significant improvement in both back-to-back and transmission BER performances are also demonstrated.

Granting Each Equal Access.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walling, Linda Lucas

1992-01-01

Summarizes federal legislation regarding equal access for students with disabilities and discusses environmental barriers to accessibility in the library media center. Solutions to these design problems are suggested in the following areas: material formats and space requirements; the physical setting, including furniture, floor coverings,…

29 CFR 1615.140 - Employment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Employment. 1615.140 Section 1615.140 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION ENFORCEMENT OF NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF DISABILITY IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY...

Ocean Variability Effects on Underwater Acoustic Communications

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

schemes for accessing wide frequency bands. Compared with OFDM schemes, the multiband MIMO transmission combined with time reversal processing...systems, or multiple- input/multiple-output ( MIMO ) systems, decision feedback equalization and interference cancellation schemes have been integrated...unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 2 MIMO receiver also iterates channel estimation and symbol demodulation with

Quantum-secret-sharing scheme based on local distinguishability of orthogonal multiqudit entangled states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jingtao; Li, Lixiang; Peng, Haipeng; Yang, Yixian

2017-02-01

In this study, we propose the concept of judgment space to investigate the quantum-secret-sharing scheme based on local distinguishability (called LOCC-QSS). Because of the proposing of this conception, the property of orthogonal mutiqudit entangled states under restricted local operation and classical communication (LOCC) can be described more clearly. According to these properties, we reveal that, in the previous (k ,n )-threshold LOCC-QSS scheme, there are two required conditions for the selected quantum states to resist the unambiguous attack: (i) their k -level judgment spaces are orthogonal, and (ii) their (k -1 )-level judgment spaces are equal. Practically, if k

Cut-Off Points for Mild, Moderate, and Severe Pain on the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Variability and Influence of Sex and Catastrophizing.

PubMed

Boonstra, Anne M; Stewart, Roy E; Köke, Albère J A; Oosterwijk, René F A; Swaan, Jeannette L; Schreurs, Karlein M G; Schiphorst Preuper, Henrica R

2016-01-01

Objectives: The 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is often used in pain management. The aims of our study were to determine the cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain in terms of pain-related interference with functioning in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, to measure the variability of the optimal cut-off points, and to determine the influence of patients' catastrophizing and their sex on these cut-off points. Methods: 2854 patients were included. Pain was assessed by the NRS, functioning by the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and catastrophizing by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Cut-off point schemes were tested using ANOVAs with and without using the PSC scores or sex as co-variates and with the interaction between CP scheme and PCS score and sex, respectively. The variability of the optimal cut-off point schemes was quantified using bootstrapping procedure. Results and conclusion: The study showed that NRS scores ≤ 5 correspond to mild, scores of 6-7 to moderate and scores ≥8 to severe pain in terms of pain-related interference with functioning. Bootstrapping analysis identified this optimal NRS cut-off point scheme in 90% of the bootstrapping samples. The interpretation of the NRS is independent of sex, but seems to depend on catastrophizing. In patients with high catastrophizing tendency, the optimal cut-off point scheme equals that for the total study sample, but in patients with a low catastrophizing tendency, NRS scores ≤ 3 correspond to mild, scores of 4-6 to moderate and scores ≥7 to severe pain in terms of interference with functioning. In these optimal cut-off schemes, NRS scores of 4 and 5 correspond to moderate interference with functioning for patients with low catastrophizing tendency and to mild interference for patients with high catastrophizing tendency. Theoretically one would therefore expect that among the patients with NRS scores 4 and 5 there would be a higher average PDI score for those with low catastrophizing than for those with high catastrophizing. However, we found the opposite. The fact that we did not find the same optimal CP scheme in the subgroups with lower and higher catastrophizing tendency may be due to chance variability.

Cut-Off Points for Mild, Moderate, and Severe Pain on the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Variability and Influence of Sex and Catastrophizing

PubMed Central

Boonstra, Anne M.; Stewart, Roy E.; Köke, Albère J. A.; Oosterwijk, René F. A.; Swaan, Jeannette L.; Schreurs, Karlein M. G.; Schiphorst Preuper, Henrica R.

2016-01-01

Objectives: The 0–10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is often used in pain management. The aims of our study were to determine the cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain in terms of pain-related interference with functioning in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, to measure the variability of the optimal cut-off points, and to determine the influence of patients’ catastrophizing and their sex on these cut-off points. Methods: 2854 patients were included. Pain was assessed by the NRS, functioning by the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and catastrophizing by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Cut-off point schemes were tested using ANOVAs with and without using the PSC scores or sex as co-variates and with the interaction between CP scheme and PCS score and sex, respectively. The variability of the optimal cut-off point schemes was quantified using bootstrapping procedure. Results and conclusion: The study showed that NRS scores ≤ 5 correspond to mild, scores of 6–7 to moderate and scores ≥8 to severe pain in terms of pain-related interference with functioning. Bootstrapping analysis identified this optimal NRS cut-off point scheme in 90% of the bootstrapping samples. The interpretation of the NRS is independent of sex, but seems to depend on catastrophizing. In patients with high catastrophizing tendency, the optimal cut-off point scheme equals that for the total study sample, but in patients with a low catastrophizing tendency, NRS scores ≤ 3 correspond to mild, scores of 4–6 to moderate and scores ≥7 to severe pain in terms of interference with functioning. In these optimal cut-off schemes, NRS scores of 4 and 5 correspond to moderate interference with functioning for patients with low catastrophizing tendency and to mild interference for patients with high catastrophizing tendency. Theoretically one would therefore expect that among the patients with NRS scores 4 and 5 there would be a higher average PDI score for those with low catastrophizing than for those with high catastrophizing. However, we found the opposite. The fact that we did not find the same optimal CP scheme in the subgroups with lower and higher catastrophizing tendency may be due to chance variability. PMID:27746750

24 CFR 7.15 - Responsibilities of managers and supervisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and Urban Development EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY; POLICY, PROCEDURES AND PROGRAMS Equal Employment... respect for and acceptance of minorities, women and persons with disabilities, veterans and others of diverse characteristics in the workforce; (d) Ensuring the non-discriminatory treatment of all employees...

24 CFR 7.15 - Responsibilities of managers and supervisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... and Urban Development EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY; POLICY, PROCEDURES AND PROGRAMS Equal Employment... respect for and acceptance of minorities, women and persons with disabilities, veterans and others of diverse characteristics in the workforce; (d) Ensuring the non-discriminatory treatment of all employees...

24 CFR 891.400 - Responsibilities of owner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and all Federal, State or local fair housing and equal opportunity requirements. The purpose of the... discriminatory considerations such as their race, color, creed, religion, familial status, disability, sex or... equal opportunity requirements. (c) Contracting for services. (1) With HUD approval, the Owner may...

24 CFR 7.15 - Responsibilities of managers and supervisors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... and Urban Development EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY; POLICY, PROCEDURES AND PROGRAMS Equal Employment... respect for and acceptance of minorities, women and persons with disabilities, veterans and others of diverse characteristics in the workforce; (d) Ensuring the non-discriminatory treatment of all employees...

24 CFR 891.400 - Responsibilities of owner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... and all Federal, State or local fair housing and equal opportunity requirements. The purpose of the... discriminatory considerations such as their race, color, creed, religion, familial status, disability, sex or... equal opportunity requirements. (c) Contracting for services. (1) With HUD approval, the Owner may...

5 CFR 844.302 - Computation of disability annuity before age 62.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... under § 844.405) is equal to 60 percent of the annuitant's average pay. (2) For months for which the... described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is equal to 40 percent of the annuitant's average pay. (2) For...

5 CFR 844.302 - Computation of disability annuity before age 62.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... under § 844.405) is equal to 60 percent of the annuitant's average pay. (2) For months for which the... described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is equal to 40 percent of the annuitant's average pay. (2) For...

[Inadequacy of the paradigms of special education to subjects with severe and profound grade intellectual disability - the need for pragmatic realism in psychiatry and special pedagogy].

PubMed

Sipowicz, Kasper; Żuraw, Hanna; Witusik, Andrzej; Mokros, Łukasz; Najbert, Edyta; Pietras, Tadeusz

2018-05-25

People with severe and profound grade disabilities are the subject of interest in psychiatry, clinical psychology and special pedagogy. Unfortunately, the paradigmatic approach to special education based on postmodern philosophy is in contrast to the biomedical approach that is based on the positivist and Cartesian models. The paper is an attempt to systematize the similarities and differences between the humanistic approach and the modern biomedical model, which, despite the apparent differences, do not differ so much from each other. Work with a person disabled intellectually in the severe or profound degree is governed by the principles of methodical realism, taking into account to an equal extent the principal deficits, the concomitant diseases, limitations and the social context. The deeper the impairment and disability is, the smaller is the role of the humanistic paradigm in work with the client in the medical management and educational process. Changing the paradigms of special pedagogy has drawn attention to the social context of disability, separating, however, special pedagogy from modern medicine and psychology, cognitive-oriented and psychometry-based. The postmodern paradigm has become an ideology, which makes it difficult to work with deeply disabled people. Only the multidirectional approach including a variety of paradigms makes it possible to provide integrational aid to people with severe and profound grade intellectual disabilities. Working with such a disabled person should take into account equally the biomedical and humanistic aspects. © 2018 MEDPRESS.

12 CFR 268.710 - Compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) RULES REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Prohibition Against Discrimination in Board Programs and... this part, applies to all allegations of discrimination on the basis of a disability in programs or... discrimination in employment on the basis of a disability in accordance with subparts A through G of this part...

Towards Participation and Equality: The UN's International Labour Organization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Konig, A.

1990-01-01

The role of the International Labour Organization (ILO) in vocational rehabilitation and employment for people with disabilities is examined. The ILO's recent emphasis on community-based training and employment programs, social reintegration of disabled citizens through self-employment and union-generating activities, and special programs for…

5 CFR 724.202 - Notice obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, marital status or political..., religion, sex, national origin or disability, you must contact an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO... must not use that authority to take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, a personnel...

5 CFR 724.202 - Notice obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, marital status or political..., religion, sex, national origin or disability, you must contact an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO... must not use that authority to take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, a personnel...

5 CFR 724.202 - Notice obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, marital status or political..., religion, sex, national origin or disability, you must contact an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO... must not use that authority to take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, a personnel...

5 CFR 724.202 - Notice obligations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, marital status or political..., religion, sex, national origin or disability, you must contact an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO... must not use that authority to take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, a personnel...

News about Newborn Screening

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Exceptional Parent, 2007

2007-01-01

For years "Exceptional Parent" ("EP") has been offering educational information and support to those challenged with disabilities and takes an equally pro-active role in disseminating vital information that could potentially prevent disabilities. This is evidenced by its past and ongoing efforts in being a proponent and champion for comprehensive…

Age-Related Change of the Mean Level and Intraindividual Variability of Saccadic Reaction Time Performance in Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haishi, Koichi; Okuzumi, Hideyuki; Kokubun, Mitsuru

2013-01-01

The current study examined age-related change of saccadic reaction time (SRT) in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). Participants were 29 persons with intellectual disabilities aged between 14 and 34 years whose IQs were between 14 and 70. Participants were divided into Group I (IQ greater than or equal to 35) and Group II (IQ less than…

Building Bridges: An Act To Reduce Recidivism by Improving Access to Benefits for Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities upon Release from Incarceration. Model Law and Commentary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, Washington, DC.

Mental health advocates have been distressed for years about the disproportionate number of people with psychiatric disabilities who are arrested or held in jail or prison. Equally disturbing is the endless cycle of recidivism that results when people with psychiatric disabilities are released with their needs unmet. The Council of State…

Evolution of Unit Fraction Conceptions in Two Fifth-Graders with a Learning Disability: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunt, Jessica Heather; Tzur, Ron; Westenskow, Arla

2016-01-01

The literature seems limited in what is known about conceptual processes that underlie evolution of students with learning disabilities (SLD) conceptions of fractions. This exploratory study examines how a foundational scheme of unit fractions (1/n) may evolve through the mathematical activity of two fifth grade girls. We analyze data segments…

How Do Parents Acquire Information to Support Their Child with a Disability and Navigate Individualised Funding Schemes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tracey, Danielle; Johnston, Christine; Papps, Fiona Ann; Mahmic, Sylvana

2018-01-01

With the international trend towards individualised funding packages that allocate funds to individuals to spend on disability support needs, the challenge of ensuring parents can readily access useful information to make decisions becomes paramount. The present research used a two stage, mixed method sequential approach (with 291 parents surveyed…

Conversational Interactions between Intellectually Disabled and Normal Progress Adolescents during a Problem-Solving Task.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Okrainec, J. Alexa; Hughes, M. Jeffry

This study investigated the features of verbal disagreements arising among 25 adolescent students with mild intellectual disabilities and 25 of their typical peers. Transcripts of a learning task were coded using an adaptation of Eisenberg's (1992) scheme for analyzing verbal conflicts. Findings of the study indicate: (1) in verbal conflict…

The Missing Link: Delayed Emotional Development Predicts Challenging Behavior in Adults with Intellectual Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sappok, Tanja; Budczies, Jan; Dziobek, Isabel; Bölte, Sven; Dosen, Anton; Diefenbacher, Albert

2014-01-01

Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) show high rates of challenging behavior (CB). The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the factors underlying CB in an adult, clinical ID sample (n = 203). Low levels of emotional development (ED), as measured by the "Scheme of Appraisal of ED," predicted overall CB, specifically…

Non-binary LDPC-coded modulation for high-speed optical metro networks with backpropagation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arabaci, Murat; Djordjevic, Ivan B.; Saunders, Ross; Marcoccia, Roberto M.

2010-01-01

To simultaneously mitigate the linear and nonlinear channel impairments in high-speed optical communications, we propose the use of non-binary low-density-parity-check-coded modulation in combination with a coarse backpropagation method. By employing backpropagation, we reduce the memory in the channel and in return obtain significant reductions in the complexity of the channel equalizer which is exponentially proportional to the channel memory. We then compensate for the remaining channel distortions using forward error correction based on non-binary LDPC codes. We propose non-binary-LDPC-coded modulation scheme because, compared to bit-interleaved binary-LDPC-coded modulation scheme employing turbo equalization, the proposed scheme lowers the computational complexity and latency of the overall system while providing impressively larger coding gains.

3 CFR 8913 - Proclamation 8913 of December 3, 2012. International Day of Persons With Disabilities, 2012

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... shot at opportunity, all of us do better. For more than two decades, our country has upheld those basic... by the belief that equal access and equal opportunity are common principles that unite us as one...

A possible application of care-based ethics to people with disabilities during a pandemic.

PubMed

Howe, Edmund G

2010-01-01

Should people with exceptionally profound disabilities be given an equal chance of surviving a pandemic, even when their care might require a greater use of limited medical resources? How might an ethics of care be used to shape a policy regarding these patients?

Qualitative Analysis of the Barriers College Students with Disabilities Experience in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hong, Barbara S. S.

2015-01-01

Students with disabilities are increasingly enrolling in colleges and universities. However, many institutions are still unprepared to support them beyond the basic federal mandate of equal access and reasonable accommodations. This qualitative study utilized a nontraditional media of reflective journaling to capture the anecdotal experiences of…

Diversity, Severe Disability, and Family: A Systematic Review of the Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shurr, Jordan; Hollingshead, Aleksandra

2017-01-01

Understanding family challenges and perspectives are critical to effective programming and services for individuals with severe disabilities. Equally central, yet often overlooked, is the relationship between family challenges and diversity. This systematic review examined a set of peer reviewed literature published between 2002-2015 at the…

Identification and Remediation of Learning Disability Subtypes: Preliminary Findings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyon, G. Reid

1985-01-01

Current literature on identification and instructional remediation of subtypes of learning-disabled readers (LDR) are reviewed. Preliminary findings suggest that not all LDR children manifest the same oral language, memory, and perceptual deficits that impede decoding accuracy and efficiency and all do not respond equally well (or poorly) to the…

45 CFR 707.10 - Auxiliary aids.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF DISABILITY IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY U.S. COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS... afford an individual with disabilities an equal opportunity to participate in, and enjoy the benefits of, a program or activity conducted by the Agency. (b) In determining what type of auxiliary aid is...

Higher Education and Disability: Past and Future of Underrepresented Populations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leake, David W.; Stodden, Robert A.

2014-01-01

Over the past half century higher education in the United States has been challenged to develop and implement policies and practices that effectively promote the access, retention, and graduation of diverse underrepresented populations. One of these populations is comprised of individuals with disabilities, whose equal access to higher education…

The Transition to Adulthood of Youth with Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vandergoot, David; And Others

The purpose of this paper is to offer new directions for equalizing the opportunities available for youth with disabilities to make a successful transition into adulthood. The first section following the introduction highlights research recommendations and public policies that should be considered as priorities for future development. The next…

The Impact of Repeated Health Checks for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Felce, David; Baxter, Helen; Lowe, Kathy; Dunstan, Frank; Houston, Helen; Jones, Glyn; Felce, Janet; Kerr, Michael

2008-01-01

Background: An earlier study (Baxter "et al." 2006) found that a structured health check conducted in primary care identified clinically significant previously unrecognized morbidity among adults with intellectual disabilities. The aim here was to examine whether follow-up health checks would identify equally significant newly identified morbidity…

Extracurricular Activities and 504 Plans

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkerson, George

2011-01-01

Schools today are faced with an ever-growing number of case law regulating them with regards to students with disabilities. This regulating does not only occur with students with disabilities, but also with their participation in interscholastic sports (Sullivan, 2000). Schools are charged with providing equal education for a variety of students,…

Workplace Discrimination and Americans with Psychiatric Disabilities: A Comparative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

An, Sunghee; Roessler, Richard T.; McMahon, Brian T.

2011-01-01

This study reports findings from an analysis of employment allegations and resolutions maintained in the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) database. Spanning the years 1992 to 2005, the data were aggregated for individuals with psychiatric disabilities and individuals with a variety of physical, sensory, and neurological…

Data traffic reduction schemes for sparse Cholesky factorizations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Naik, Vijay K.; Patrick, Merrell L.

1988-01-01

Load distribution schemes are presented which minimize the total data traffic in the Cholesky factorization of dense and sparse, symmetric, positive definite matrices on multiprocessor systems with local and shared memory. The total data traffic in factoring an n x n sparse, symmetric, positive definite matrix representing an n-vertex regular 2-D grid graph using n (sup alpha), alpha is equal to or less than 1, processors are shown to be O(n(sup 1 + alpha/2)). It is O(n(sup 3/2)), when n (sup alpha), alpha is equal to or greater than 1, processors are used. Under the conditions of uniform load distribution, these results are shown to be asymptotically optimal. The schemes allow efficient use of up to O(n) processors before the total data traffic reaches the maximum value of O(n(sup 3/2)). The partitioning employed within the scheme, allows a better utilization of the data accessed from shared memory than those of previously published methods.

Rights to Equality for Disabled Persons under Federal and State Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stapleton, Margaret

1976-01-01

Legislation has mandated equal opportunity in American society for persons with handicaps, creating mechanisms for ending discrimination against them. Access to education, employment, public transportation vehicles and other facilities, and community living situations is specifically guaranteed in federal legislation. State statutes and municipal…

41 CFR 60-300.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Equal opportunity clause. 60-300.5 Section 60-300.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... REGARDING DISABLED VETERANS, RECENTLY SEPARATED VETERANS, OTHER PROTECTED VETERANS, AND ARMED FORCES SERVICE...

41 CFR 60-300.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Equal opportunity clause. 60-300.5 Section 60-300.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... REGARDING DISABLED VETERANS, RECENTLY SEPARATED VETERANS, OTHER PROTECTED VETERANS, AND ARMED FORCES SERVICE...

41 CFR 60-300.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Equal opportunity clause. 60-300.5 Section 60-300.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... REGARDING DISABLED VETERANS, RECENTLY SEPARATED VETERANS, OTHER PROTECTED VETERANS, AND ARMED FORCES SERVICE...

Regolith thermal energy storage for lunar nighttime power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tillotson, Brian

1992-01-01

A scheme for providing nighttime electric power to a lunar base is described. This scheme stores thermal energy in a pile of regolith. Any such scheme must somehow improve on the poor thermal conductivity of lunar regolith in vacuum. Two previous schemes accomplish this by casting or melting the regolith. The scheme described here wraps the regolith in a gas-tight bag and introduces a light gas to enhance thermal conductivity. This allows the system to be assembled with less energy and equipment than schemes which require melting of regolith. A point design based on the new scheme is presented. Its mass from Earth compares favorably with the mass of a regenerative fuel cell of equal capacity.

20 CFR 718.204 - Total disability and disability causation defined; criteria for determining total disability and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... individual of the miner's age, sex, and height for the FEV1 test; if, in addition, such tests also reveal the... individual of the miner's age, sex, and height for the FVC test, or (B) Values equal to or less than those... miner's age, sex, and height for the MVV test, or (C) A percentage of 55 or less when the results of the...

20 CFR 718.204 - Total disability and disability causation defined; criteria for determining total disability and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... individual of the miner's age, sex, and height for the FEV1 test; if, in addition, such tests also reveal the... individual of the miner's age, sex, and height for the FVC test, or (B) Values equal to or less than those... miner's age, sex, and height for the MVV test, or (C) A percentage of 55 or less when the results of the...

20 CFR 718.204 - Total disability and disability causation defined; criteria for determining total disability and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... individual of the miner's age, sex, and height for the FEV1 test; if, in addition, such tests also reveal the... individual of the miner's age, sex, and height for the FVC test, or (B) Values equal to or less than those... miner's age, sex, and height for the MVV test, or (C) A percentage of 55 or less when the results of the...

Health Checks in Primary Care for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: How Extensive Should They Be?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chauhan, U.; Kontopantelis, E.; Campbell, S.; Jarrett, H.; Lester, H.

2010-01-01

Background: Routine health checks have gained prominence as a way of detecting unmet need in primary care for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and general practitioners are being incentivised in the UK to carry out health checks for many conditions through an incentivisation scheme known as the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF).…

Disability in Physical Education Textbooks: An Analysis of Image Content

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taboas-Pais, Maria Ines; Rey-Cao, Ana

2012-01-01

The aim of this paper is to show how images of disability are portrayed in physical education textbooks for secondary schools in Spain. The sample was composed of 3,316 images published in 36 textbooks by 10 publishing houses. A content analysis was carried out using a coding scheme based on categories employed in other similar studies and adapted…

Examining the Experiences of a Short Break Scheme amongst Adolescents with Disabilities (Service Users) and Their Parents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spruin, Elizabeth; Abbott, Nicola; Holt, Nicole

2018-01-01

Globally, families who care for a child or adolescent with disabilities have been found to experience high levels of maternal ill health, stress, depression and family breakdown. In extreme cases, children and adolescents may have to move away from their family to a permanent residential placement. A potentially more appropriate and cost-effective…

Developing and Implementing an Accreditation Scheme for Disability Services Staff in Post-Compulsory Education in the United Kingdom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hurst, Alan

2015-01-01

In the United Kingdom (UK), policy and provision for students with disabilities in post-compulsory education has made considerable progress in a relatively short time. This growth has been aided by several factors, arguably the most significant being the introduction of legal requirements in 1995. Many institutions and organisations have tried to…

Equal Opportunity Laws: Topic Paper A.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on the Handicapped, Washington, DC.

This paper examines the status of U.S. disability-related equal opportunity laws and identifies gaps in coverage, shortcomings and inconsistencies in interpretation and application, and deficiencies in enforcement. Problems with the scope of coverage result from: (1) laws that are not enforceable in federal courts against states, not co-extensive…

Stimulus Equalization: Temporary Reduction of Stimulus Complexity to Facilitate Discrimination Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoko, J. Aaron; LeBlanc, Judith M.

1988-01-01

Because disabled learners may profit from procedures using gradual stimulus change, this study utilized a microcomputer to investigate the effectiveness of stimulus equalization, an error reduction procedure involving an abrupt but temporary reduction of dimensional complexity. The procedure was found to be generally effective and implications for…

Equal Employment Opportunity and ADA Implications of Screening and Selection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norton, Steven D.; Hundley, John R.

1995-01-01

The process of screening and selecting new employees is viewed as one having discrete steps, each with implications concerning Equal Employment Opportunity and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Several screening and selection methods are examined, with questionnaire forms used by Indiana University, South Bend provided for illustration. Typical…

People with disabilities in the labor market: facilitators and barriers.

PubMed

Toldrá, Rosé Colom; Santos, Maria Conceição

2013-01-01

Participation in the workforce is one of the main social evaluations all individuals are subject to in modern society. Public policies supporting social justice for persons with disabilities have gained prominence in several nations in the last decades and it is critical to ensure that those who want to work are afforded the opportunity to do so. Meanwhile they remain under represented in the labor market within the contemporary world. The purpose of this study was to identify facilitators or barriers faced by people with disability within the workforce. Ten workers with disabilities from various companies and performing diverse professional job functions participated in semi-structured interviews. The Discourse of the Collective Subject method was employed as a means to organize and analyze qualitative data of a verbal nature. Reasonable work conditions, adjustments, and accommodations facilitate performance and job retention. Social participation through employment leads to social recognition and the feeling of citizenship. On the other hand prejudice, unequal opportunities, workers' low educational attainment, and lack of training opportunities lead to employment exclusion. To include people with disabilities in the workforce, it is necessary to focus on attaining equal levels of education, an unbiased and inclusive process for entering the labor market, and continued management of disability issues within the workplace. Together, these elements create equal opportunities for workers with disabilities to advance in their careers, which in turn enables participation, social recognition and guaranties their rights as citizens.

Social Integration in Employment Settings: Application of Intergroup Contact Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Novak, Jeanne A.; Rogan, Patricia M.

2010-01-01

This study used a survey of 106 employment specialists to test the ability of intergroup contact theory to explain social integration outcomes of employees with disabilities. Contact theory suggests that coworkers are more accepting of employees with disabilities if they have sufficient opportunities to interact with them, equal status and…

The Preparation and Practice of Disabled Health Care Practitioners: Exploring the Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hargreaves, Janet; Dearnley, Christine; Walker, Stuart; Walker, Lizzie

2014-01-01

Regulatory bodies governing health professions and professional education set clear expectations regarding fitness to practise. Within the UK, the Equality Act, 2010, poses a challenge to regulators, educators and employers to ensure that people are not excluded on the basis of disability and to facilitate inclusion. This research took a mixed…

Library Media Center Design Considerations for Physically Disabled Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moy, Patricia J.

Federal legislation ensures that children with physical disabilities should not be denied access to the school library. These children have the same information needs as their peers, and they want equal access to information in the school library media center. To create an accessible and functional school library, many requirements and…

Occupational Therapy Home Program for Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wuang, Yee-Pay; Ho, Guang-Sheng; Su, Chwen-Yng

2013-01-01

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a proposed occupational therapy home program (OTHP) for children with intellectual disabilities (ID). Children with ID were randomly and equally assigned to OTHP or to no OTHP groups. The primary outcome measures were Canadian Occupational Performance, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor…

Use of iPads as Assistive Technology for Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ok, Min Wook

2018-01-01

Over the past decades, technology has been considered an essential tool for providing equal accessibility and opportunities for students with disabilities. As technology has evolved, a new type of technology, mobile devices, emerged in the late 2000s. Specifically, iPads have quickly gained attention and popularity in special education settings.…

41 CFR Appendix A to Part 60 - 300-Guidelines on a Contractor's Duty To Provide Reasonable Accommodation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... employment, as are available to the average similarly situated employee without a disability. Thus, for... Network (JAN) operated by the Office of Disability Employment Policy in the U.S. Department of Labor (1..., EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 300-AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND NONDISCRIMINATION...

41 CFR Appendix A to Part 60 - 300-Guidelines on a Contractor's Duty To Provide Reasonable Accommodation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... employment, as are available to the average similarly situated employee without a disability. Thus, for... Network (JAN) operated by the Office of Disability Employment Policy in the U.S. Department of Labor (1..., EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 300-AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND NONDISCRIMINATION...

Not All Created Equally: Exploring Calculator Use by Students with Mild Intellectual Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yakubova, Gulnoza; Bouck, Emily C.

2014-01-01

Calculators are widely used in mathematics education, yet limited research examines the effects of calculators for students with mild intellectual disability. An alternating treatments design was used to study the effects of calculator types (i.e., scientific and graphing) on the mathematical performance (i.e., computation and word problems) of…

The Relation between Comprehensive Assessment Procedures and Diagnostic Stability in School-Aged Children Identified with Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenblum, Yonatan; Larochette, Anne-Claire; Harrison, Allyson G.; Armstrong, Irene

2010-01-01

Learning Disabilities (LDs) affect a significant number of students in elementary and secondary school. In order for these students, along with parents and teachers, to understand the nature of their specific difficulties, and have equal opportunity in academic settings, a comprehensive psychological report containing properly informed…

The Sexuality of People with Mild Intellectual Disability: Perceptions of Clients and Caregivers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szollos, Agnes A.; McCabe, Marita P.

1995-01-01

The sexuality of 25 individuals with mild intellectual disability was assessed based on interviews that addressed their knowledge, experience, feelings, and needs. Compared to 39 college students and 10 care staff, subjects demonstrated a lower level of sex knowledge, less interactive sexual experience, equal frequencies of same-sex experiences,…

Developing Health Indicators for People with Intellectual Disabilities. The Method of the Pomona Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk, H.; Linehan, C.; Kerr, M.; Noonan-Walsh, P.

2007-01-01

Aim: Recently, attention has focused on the health inequalities experienced by people with intellectual disabilities (ID) when compared with the general population. To inform policies aimed at equalizing health opportunities, comparable evidence is needed about the aspects of their health that may be amenable to intervention. Method: Applying the…

Acquisition of Content Area Vocabulary for Students with Learning Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keel, Marie C.; Slaton, Deborah Bott; Blackhurt, A. Edward

2001-01-01

This study compared effects of two variations of the constant-time-delay (CTD) procedure on the observational learning of content area vocabulary by seven primary grade students with learning disabilities in a small group instructional setting. Both conditions (every student writes all words or only target student writes) were equally effective…

Age and disability: explaining the wage differential.

PubMed

Gannon, Brenda; Munley, Margaret

2009-07-01

This paper estimates the level of explained and unexplained factors that contribute to the wage gap between workers with and without disabilities, providing benchmark estimates for Ireland. It separates out the confounding impact of productivity differences between disabled and non-disabled, by comparing wage differentials across three groups, disabled with limitations, disabled without limitations and non-disabled. Furthermore, data are analysed for the years 1995-2001 and two sub-samples pre and post 1998 allow us to decompose wage differentials before and after the Employment Equality Act 1998. Results are comparable to those of the UK and the unexplained component (upper bound of discrimination) is lower once we control for productivity differences. The lower bound level depends on the contribution of unobserved effects and the validity of the selection component in the decomposition model.

Disability in physical education textbooks: an analysis of image content.

PubMed

Táboas-Pais, María Inés; Rey-Cao, Ana

2012-10-01

The aim of this paper is to show how images of disability are portrayed in physical education textbooks for secondary schools in Spain. The sample was composed of 3,316 images published in 36 textbooks by 10 publishing houses. A content analysis was carried out using a coding scheme based on categories employed in other similar studies and adapted to the requirements of this study with additional categories. The variables were camera angle, gender, type of physical activity, field of practice, space, and level. Univariate and bivariate descriptive analyses were also carried out. The Pearson chi-square statistic was used to identify associations between the variables. Results showed a noticeable imbalance between people with disabilities and people without disabilities, and women with disabilities were less frequently represented than men with disabilities. People with disabilities were depicted as participating in a very limited variety of segregated, competitive, and elite sports activities.

A novel parallel architecture for local histogram equalization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohannessian, Mesrob I.; Choueiter, Ghinwa F.; Diab, Hassan

2005-07-01

Local histogram equalization is an image enhancement algorithm that has found wide application in the pre-processing stage of areas such as computer vision, pattern recognition and medical imaging. The computationally intensive nature of the procedure, however, is a main limitation when real time interactive applications are in question. This work explores the possibility of performing parallel local histogram equalization, using an array of special purpose elementary processors, through an HDL implementation that targets FPGA or ASIC platforms. A novel parallelization scheme is presented and the corresponding architecture is derived. The algorithm is reduced to pixel-level operations. Processing elements are assigned image blocks, to maintain a reasonable performance-cost ratio. To further simplify both processor and memory organizations, a bit-serial access scheme is used. A brief performance assessment is provided to illustrate and quantify the merit of the approach.

EQUAL-quant: an international external quality assessment scheme for real-time PCR.

PubMed

Ramsden, Simon C; Daly, Sarah; Geilenkeuser, Wolf-Jochen; Duncan, Graeme; Hermitte, Fabienne; Marubini, Ettore; Neumaier, Michael; Orlando, Claudio; Palicka, Vladimir; Paradiso, Angelo; Pazzagli, Mario; Pizzamiglio, Sara; Verderio, Paolo

2006-08-01

Quantitative gene expression analysis by real-time PCR is important in several diagnostic areas, such as the detection of minimum residual disease in leukemia and the prognostic assessment of cancer patients. To address quality assurance in this technically challenging area, the European Union (EU) has funded the EQUAL project to develop methodologic external quality assessment (EQA) relevant to diagnostic and research laboratories among the EU member states. We report here the results of the EQUAL-quant program, which assesses standards in the use of TaqMan probes, one of the most widely used assays in the implementation of real-time PCR. The EQUAL-quant reagent set was developed to assess the technical execution of a standard TaqMan assay, including RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and real-time PCR quantification of target DNA copy number. The multidisciplinary EQA scheme included 137 participating laboratories from 29 countries. We demonstrated significant differences in performance among laboratories, with 20% of laboratories reporting at least one result lacking in precision and/or accuracy according to the statistical procedures described. No differences in performance were observed for the >10 different testing platforms used by the study participants. This EQA scheme demonstrated both the requirement and demand for external assessment of technical standards in real-time PCR. The reagent design and the statistical tools developed within this project will provide a benchmark for defining acceptable working standards in this emerging technology.

Race Equality Scheme 2005-2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education, 2005

2005-01-01

Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education (HMIE) is strongly committed to promoting race equality in the way that HMIE staff go about performing their role within Scottish education. Scottish society reflects cultural, ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity and Scottish education should be accessible to all. No-one should be disadvantaged or…

Agency within Constraints: How the Agency of People Labeled with Developmental Disabilities Is Constructed in Supported Living Schemes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sinecka, Jitka

2009-01-01

This dissertation is a qualitative research study of two people labeled with developmental disabilities who live in residential settings with various supports provided by local agencies. Scott is 43 years old and lives in a Residential Supported Home with four other housemates and permanent staff support and supervision. Pat is 29 years old and…

A Review of the Disability Access Route to Education in UCD 2010-2013

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Padden, Lisa; Tonge, Julie

2018-01-01

This article offers a review of the DARE as it operated in University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland from 2010 to 2013. This DARE scheme allows applicants to provide details of their disability and its impact on their education, with a view to competing for specially allocated places on their programme of choice, should they not receive an offer of…

Exact finite difference schemes for the non-linear unidirectional wave equation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mickens, R. E.

1985-01-01

Attention is given to the construction of exact finite difference schemes for the nonlinear unidirectional wave equation that describes the nonlinear propagation of a wave motion in the positive x-direction. The schemes constructed for these equations are compared with those obtained by using the usual procedures of numerical analysis. It is noted that the order of the exact finite difference models is equal to the order of the differential equation.

Trends Over 4 Decades in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in the United States.

PubMed

Crimmins, Eileen M; Zhang, Yuan; Saito, Yasuhiko

2016-07-01

To examine changes over 40 years (1970-2010) in life expectancy, life expectancy with disability, and disability-free life expectancy for American men and women of all ages. We used mortality rates from US Vital Statistics and data on disability prevalence in the community-dwelling population from the National Health Interview Survey; for the institutional population, we computed disability prevalence from the US Census. We used the Sullivan method to estimate disabled and disability-free life expectancy for 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Over the 40 years, there was a steady increase in both disability-free life expectancy and disabled life expectancy. At birth, increases in disabled life and nondisabled life were equal for men (4.5 years); for women, at birth the increase in life with disability (3.6 years) exceeded the increase in life free of disability (2.7 years). At age 65 years, the increase in disability-free life was greater than the increase in disabled life. Across the life cycle, there was no compression of morbidity, but at age 65 years some compression occurred.

A Study of Dispersion Compensation of Polarization Multiplexing-Based OFDM-OCDMA for Radio-over-Fiber Transmissions

PubMed Central

Yen, Chih-Ta; Chen, Wen-Bin

2016-01-01

Chromatic dispersion from optical fiber is the most important problem that produces temporal skews and destroys the rectangular structure of code patterns in the spectra-amplitude-coding-based optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) system. Thus, the balance detection scheme does not work perfectly to cancel multiple access interference (MAI) and the system performance will be degraded. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is the fastest developing technology in the academic and industrial fields of wireless transmission. In this study, the radio-over-fiber system is realized by integrating OFDM and OCDMA via polarization multiplexing scheme. The electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) equalizer element of OFDM integrated with the dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) is used in the proposed radio-over-fiber (RoF) system, which can efficiently suppress the chromatic dispersion influence in long-haul transmitted distance. A set of length differences for 10 km-long single-mode fiber (SMF) and 4 km-long DCF is to verify the compensation scheme by relative equalizer algorithms and constellation diagrams. In the simulation result, the proposed dispersion mechanism successfully compensates the dispersion from SMF and the system performance with dispersion equalizer is highly improved. PMID:27618042

3 CFR 8612 - Proclamation 8612 of December 3, 2010. International Day of Persons With Disabilities, 2010

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of women and men with disabilities around the world, and we recognize our charge to ensure that all..., bipartisan civil rights laws were clarion calls for equal access for and an end to discrimination against... number of nations around the world that have committed themselves to ending unequal treatment of persons...

Developing a Mathematics Module for Students with Intellectual Disability in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prendergast, Mark; Spassiani, Natasha A.; Roche, Joseph

2017-01-01

Students with intellectual disability (ID) have to overcome many barriers and difficulties in order to access all levels of education and partake in college life. Thankfully, educational institutes around the globe are slowly beginning to examine how they can support equal rights of individuals with ID. In Ireland, one university has recently…

Factors Associated with High Levels of Physical Activity among Adults with Intellectual Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Temple, Viviene A.

2009-01-01

The aim was to identify factors associated with physical activity participation among active (i.e. more than or equal to 10 000 steps per day) individuals with intellectual disability. Staff at day program and supported employment organizations were asked to identify individuals they believed were physically active. To verify participants were…

A Comparison of Federal Laws toward Disabled and Racial/Ethnic Groups in the USA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnartt, Sharon N.; Seelman, Katherine

1988-01-01

The paper compares federal legislation for disabled people with that for racial and ethnic groups in the United States. The ways existing laws handle employment discrimination, integration in education, access, and equal protection under the law are considered. Clear differences for each group in the types of discrimination permitted are…

20 CFR 25.200 - How is the Special Schedule applied for employees in the Republic of the Philippines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., which cause permanent disability or death, shall be payable at the rates specified in the special... rate, shared equally by the eligible survivors in the same class. (c) Death beneficiaries. Benefits are... weekly rate of compensation for disability or death shall not exceed $35. (j) Method of payment. Only...

20 CFR 25.200 - How is the Special Schedule applied for employees in the Republic of the Philippines?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., which cause permanent disability or death, shall be payable at the rates specified in the special... rate, shared equally by the eligible survivors in the same class. (c) Death beneficiaries. Benefits are... weekly rate of compensation for disability or death shall not exceed $35. (j) Method of payment. Only...

Learning Technologies Management System (LiTMS): A Multidimensional Service Delivery Model for College Students with Learning Disabilities and ADHD

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, David R.; White, Cheri E.; Collins, Laura; Banerjee, Manju; McGuire, Joan M.

2009-01-01

Today's college students are expected to utilize a variety of learning technologies to succeed in higher education. Students with learning disabilities (LD) and/or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) can encounter barriers to equal access and effective learning in this new digital environment, including the development of proficiency…

Developing an Education Intervention for Staff Supporting Persons with an Intellectual Disability and Advanced Dementia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fahey-McCarthy, Elizabeth; McCarron, Mary; Connaire, Kevin; McCallion, Philip

2009-01-01

Generally, staff working in settings that provide care for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) have not received specific education with respect to extended care for terminal illnesses or late-stage dementia. Equally, staff working in specialist palliative care often are not familiar with the unique issues of supporting persons with…

[10 theses of the disabled persons' organizations - why participation research with a social perspective is needed].

PubMed

Hinz, T

2012-12-01

The 5 professional associations for the disabled and the self-help organisations of disabled people state that in Germany a general concept for "participation research" is needed. This concept should address expectations and processes in developing aid services and improve self-determined participation of people with disabilities according to the human rights postulated in the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (2006). A concept of "participation research" will go beyond the objectives and methods of i. e., disability studies - it is a focus in the context of which the social and equal participation of the disabled (especially those with multiple and/or intellectual handicaps) has to be addressed. In this context the 5 professional associations for the disabled have drafted 10 theses which are presented in the following article. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

An integrative conceptual framework of disability. New directions for research.

PubMed

Tate, Denise G; Pledger, Constance

2003-04-01

Advances in research on disability and rehabilitation are essential to creating equal opportunity, economic self-sufficiency, and full participation for persons with disabilities. Historically, such initiatives have focused on separate and specific areas, including neuroscience, molecular biology and genetics, gerontology, engineering and physical sciences, and social and behavioral sciences. Research on persons with disabilities should examine the broader context and trends of society that affect the total environment of persons with disabilities. This article examines the various disability paradigms across time, assessing the relative contribution of the socioecological perspective in guiding research designed to improve the lives of persons with disabilities. The authors recommend new research directions that include a focus on life span issues, biomedicine, biotechnology, the efficacy and effectiveness of current interventions, an emphasis on consumer-driven investigations within a socioecological perspective of disability, and the implications for research and practice.

A longitudinal study of the implementation experiences of the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme: investigating transformative policy change.

PubMed

Carey, Gemma; Dickinson, Helen

2017-08-17

Internationally there has been a growth in the use of publicly funded service markets as a mechanism to deliver health and social services. This has accompanied the emergence of 'self-directed care' in a number of different policy areas including disability and aged care - often referred to as 'personalisation' (Giaimo and Manow, Comp. Pol Stud 32:967-1000, 1999; Needham, Public Money Manage 30:136-8, 2010; [Hood], [The Idea of Joined-up Government: A Historical Perspective], [2005]; Klijn and Koppenjan, Public Manage 2:437-54, 2000, Greener, Policy Polit 36:93-108, 2008). These reforms are underpinned by an idea that individuals should be placed in control of their own service needs, given funding directly by government and encouraged to exercise choice and control through purchasing their own services. A major challenge for governments in charge of these reforms is determining the best way to structure and govern emerging service markets markets. Given the growing international embrace of market-based reform mechanisms to provide essential services to citizens, finding ways to ensure they promote, and not diminish, people's health and wellbeing is vital. The Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is Australia's first national approach to the use of personalised budgets. The program of research outlined in this paper brings together streams from a range of different studies in order to investigate the implementation of the NDIS longitudinally across different administrative levels of government, service providers and scheme participants. This programme of research will make a contribution to our understanding of the Australian scheme and how individualised funding operates within this context, but will also generate much needed evidence that will have relevance to other jurisdictions and help fill a gap in the evidence base.

Data traffic reduction schemes for Cholesky factorization on asynchronous multiprocessor systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Naik, Vijay K.; Patrick, Merrell L.

1989-01-01

Communication requirements of Cholesky factorization of dense and sparse symmetric, positive definite matrices are analyzed. The communication requirement is characterized by the data traffic generated on multiprocessor systems with local and shared memory. Lower bound proofs are given to show that when the load is uniformly distributed the data traffic associated with factoring an n x n dense matrix using n to the alpha power (alpha less than or equal 2) processors is omega(n to the 2 + alpha/2 power). For n x n sparse matrices representing a square root of n x square root of n regular grid graph the data traffic is shown to be omega(n to the 1 + alpha/2 power), alpha less than or equal 1. Partitioning schemes that are variations of block assignment scheme are described and it is shown that the data traffic generated by these schemes are asymptotically optimal. The schemes allow efficient use of up to O(n to the 2nd power) processors in the dense case and up to O(n) processors in the sparse case before the total data traffic reaches the maximum value of O(n to the 3rd power) and O(n to the 3/2 power), respectively. It is shown that the block based partitioning schemes allow a better utilization of the data accessed from shared memory and thus reduce the data traffic than those based on column-wise wrap around assignment schemes.

On decentralized estimation. [for large linear systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siljak, D. D.; Vukcevic, M. B.

1978-01-01

A multilevel scheme is proposed to construct decentralized estimators for large linear systems. The scheme is numerically attractive since only observability tests of low-order subsystems are required. Equally important is the fact that the constructed estimators are reliable under structural perturbations and can tolerate a wide range of nonlinearities in coupling among the subsystems.

Experimental demonstration of a real-time PAM-4 Q-band RoF system based on CMMA equalization and interleaved RS code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Rui; Yu, Jianjun; He, Jing; Wei, Yiran

2018-05-01

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated a complete real-time 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) Q-band radio-over-fiber (RoF) system with optical heterodyning and envelope detector (ED) down-conversion. Meanwhile, a cost-efficient real-time implementation scheme of cascaded multi-modulus algorithm (CMMA) equalization is proposed in this paper. By using the proposed scheme, the CMMA equalization is applied in the system for signal recovery. In addition, to improve the transmission performance of the system, an interleaved Reed-Solomon (RS) code is applied in the real-time system. Although there is serious power impulse noise in the system, the system can still achieve a bit error rate (BER) at below 1 × 10-7 after 25 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission and 1-m wireless transmission.

Socially Constructed Hierarchies of Impairments: The Case of Australian and Irish Workers' Access to Compensation for Injuries.

PubMed

Harpur, Paul; Connolly, Ursula; Blanck, Peter

2017-12-01

Socially constructed hierarchies of impairment complicate the general disadvantage experienced by workers with disabilities. Workers with a range of abilities categorized as a "disability" are likely to experience less favourable treatment at work and have their rights to work discounted by laws and institutions, as compared to workers without disabilities. Value judgments in workplace culture and local law mean that the extent of disadvantage experienced by workers with disabilities additionally will depend upon the type of impairment they have. Rather than focusing upon the extent and severity of the impairment and how society turns an impairment into a recognized disability, this article aims to critically analyse the social hierarchy of physical versus mental impairment. Using legal doctrinal research methods, this paper analysis how Australian and Irish workers' compensation and negligence laws regard workers with mental injuries and impairments as less deserving of compensation and protection than like workers who have physical and sensory injuries or impairments. This research finds that workers who acquire and manifest mental injuries and impairments at work are less able to obtain compensation and protection than workers who have developed physical and sensory injuries of equal or lesser severity. Organizational cultures and governmental laws and policies that treat workers less favourably because they have mental injuries and impairments perpetuates unfair and artificial hierarchies of disability attributes. We conclude that these "sanist" attitudes undermine equal access to compensation for workplace injury as prohibited by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Euro-Education: Employability for all (EEE4all). Design and implementation of an international course for future health-care professionals.

PubMed

Lindh Falk, Annika E; Sandqvist, Jan L; Liedberg, Gunilla M

2012-01-01

Employment is a priority in the European Union, and it is essential to address the needs of individuals disadvantaged at the labour market on grounds such as ethnicity, age, gender or disability, to increase the opportunities for these groups to gain employment. The Council of the European Union recognize the important role of national organisations in increasing gender equality and the need to integrate a gender perspective in all policies. Gender equality perspectives should also, according to the EU Plan of Action and Gender Equality be integrated in education. To equip students in higher education with knowledge, about gender, age, disability and ethnicity in relation to employability, a European group initiated a project; Euro-Education: Employability for all (EEE4all). The project, funded by the European Lifelong Learning Programme, was aimed to develop and implement four course modules, each relating to employability with different focus: gender, age, disability or ethnicity. In this paper design, implementation, and evaluation of the course focused on gender, provided by the Occupational Therapy Programme at Linkoping University, is described. The students highlighted the importance of awareness and knowledge about gender theory and its application in relation to employability and client-centred approach.

Facing disability with resources from Aristotle and Nietzsche.

PubMed

Stocker, Susan S

2002-01-01

Suddenly unable to walk, I found resources for facing disability in the works of Aristotle and Nietzsche, even though their respective ethical schemes are incommensurable. Implementing Amélie Rorty's notion of crop rotation, I show how each scheme offers the patient something quite indispensable, having to do with how each has its own judgmentally-motivated psychological underpinnings. Aristotle's notion of empathy, wherein the moral move occurs whenever we take up someone else's good as our own, is empowering, especially to those who face an imperiled embodiment. However, Nietzsche teaches us that pity is demeaning both to the pitier and to the pitied, because it falsely assumes that life should be easy so that we are filled with ressentiment when it isn't. Those facing disability need empathy, not pity. The richness of this distinction is vividly conveyed in narratives that show how empathy and pity play out in lived situations, thereby avoiding the dissociation that too often characterizes ethical theorizing. By honoring narrative accounts of how these relational moves are either snagged or successfully made, the attuned moral agency of medical practitioners can be fostered.

Diversity in the Academy? Staff Perceptions of Equality Policies in Six Contemporary Higher Education Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deem, Rosemary; Morley, Louise

2006-01-01

The article is based on recent research involving qualitative case studies of staff experiences of equality policies in six English, Scottish and Welsh higher education institutions (HEIs). Recent changes to UK legislation (e.g. on "race" and disability) and a series of European Union employment directives (including on religion and…

Possible Unconscious Bias in Recruitment and Promotion and the Need to Promote Equality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beattie, Geoffrey; Johnson, Patrick

2012-01-01

Legislation to outlaw discrimination has existed for over forty years. The Equality Act (2010) states that it is unlawful for an employer to discriminate against a candidate for a job because of their age, disability, race, belief, sexual orientation or gender in any part of the recruitment process--in job descriptions, person specifications,…

Equal Protection, the ADA, and Driving with Low Vision: A Legal Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marta, Mary R.; Geruschat, Duane

2004-01-01

This article describes federal and state laws that affect the opportunity of people with low vision to drive and to obtain driver's licenses. Discrimination against individuals with low vision is discussed in the context of equal protection and the Americans with Disabilities Act. A review of relevant case law and implications for drivers with low…

Equalities and Inequalities in the English Education System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, David; Scott, Ben

2018-01-01

This book is about social categories such as gender, race, dis-ability, intelligence, sexuality and class, as they are used in education. Knowledge of and about them and their effects is central to how we can understand society, equalities and inequalities within it, and educational relations. The evidence to support the claims being made in this…

Adaptive frequency-domain equalization in digital coherent optical receivers.

PubMed

Faruk, Md Saifuddin; Kikuchi, Kazuro

2011-06-20

We propose a novel frequency-domain adaptive equalizer in digital coherent optical receivers, which can reduce computational complexity of the conventional time-domain adaptive equalizer based on finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters. The proposed equalizer can operate on the input sequence sampled by free-running analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the rate of two samples per symbol; therefore, the arbitrary initial sampling phase of ADCs can be adjusted so that the best symbol-spaced sequence is produced. The equalizer can also be configured in the butterfly structure, which enables demultiplexing of polarization tributaries apart from equalization of linear transmission impairments. The performance of the proposed equalization scheme is verified by 40-Gbits/s dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) transmission experiments.

Managerialism and Equalities: Tensions within Widening Access Policy and Practice for Disabled Students in UK Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Riddell, Sheila; Weedon, Elisabet; Fuller, Mary; Healey, Mick; Hurst, Alan; Kelly, Katie; Piggott, Linda

2007-01-01

This paper draws on a four-year longitudinal ESRC funded project examining learning experiences of disabled students in higher education in four universities. The focus here is on institutional responses to the demands of audit culture and legislation in relation to making reasonable adjustments for students with impairments. The data comes from…

Teacher Education, [strikethrough In]Exclusion, and the Implicit Ideology of "Separate but Equal": An Invitation to a Dialogue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lalvani, Priya; Broderick, Alicia A.; Fine, Michelle; Jacobowitz, Tina; Michelli, Nicholas

2015-01-01

In this analytic essay, we initiate a dialogue about the place of disability in a multicultural education framework, and the role of inclusive education in a democracy. Problematizing the common omission of the topic of disability oppression from anti-oppression pedagogies and from social justice education generally, we invite teacher educators…

3 CFR 8694 - Proclamation 8694 of July 25, 2011. Anniversary of the Americans With Disabilities Act, 2011

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... President of the United States of America A Proclamation Generations of Americans with disabilities have... legislation in our Nation’s history. On this day, we celebrate the 21st anniversary of the ADA and the... agencies. Through the ADA, America was the first country in the world to comprehensively declare equality...

Education on an Equal Basis: A Comparison of Persons with and without Disabilities in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moodley, Jacqueline

2017-01-01

The South African education crisis is well documented in the literature. While strides have been made to rectify the inequalities in education arising from apartheid era policies, and while South Africa ratified the United Nations Conventions for the Rights of People with Disabilities, these actions have yet to translate into meaningful changes…

Students with Disabilities: More Information and Guidance Could Improve Opportunities in Physical Education and Athletics. Report to Congressional Requesters. GAO-10-519

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashby, Cornelia M.

2010-01-01

Research has established that physical activity and participation in athletics provides important health and social benefits for children. Certain federal laws help ensure that kindergarten-12th grade schools provide students with disabilities opportunities to participate in physical education (PE) and extracurricular athletics equal to those of…

Cognitive Patterns of Learning Disability Subtypes as Measured by the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Breen, Michael J.

1986-01-01

The cognitive patterns of three learning disability subtypes were studied: (1) students with higher math than reading skills, (2) students with higher reading than math skills, and (3) students with equally low math and reading skills. Results indicated that although the three groups were characterized by a number of discrete or unique patterns,…

Inclusive Education and Training in South African Higher Education: Mapping the Experiences of a Student with Physical Disability at University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ntombela, Sithabile

2013-01-01

The South African Constitution upholds and entrenches the human right of all citizens. Similarly, the Higher Education Act of 1997 promotes equality of access for all, especially for those previously marginalised or excluded. The study reported in this article explored challenges experienced by students with disabilities at his university. Using…

The Voting Rights of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Reflections on the Arguments, and Situation in Kenya and England and Wales

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redley, M.; Maina, E.; Keeling, A.; Pattni, P.

2012-01-01

Article 29 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities guarantees equality of political rights, including the right to vote and stand for election. The affirmation of these rights, first guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, raises an important question given the long-standing association between political…

Towards Universal Health Coverage via Social Health Insurance in China: Systemic Fragmentation, Reform Imperatives, and Policy Alternatives.

PubMed

He, Alex Jingwei; Wu, Shaolong

2017-12-01

China's remarkable progress in building a comprehensive social health insurance (SHI) system was swift and impressive. Yet the country's decentralized and incremental approach towards universal coverage has created a fragmented SHI system under which a series of structural deficiencies have emerged with negative impacts. First, contingent on local conditions and financing capacity, benefit packages vary considerably across schemes, leading to systematic inequity. Second, the existence of multiple schemes, complicated by massive migration, has resulted in weak portability of SHI, creating further barriers to access. Third, many individuals are enrolled on multiple schemes, which causes inefficient use of government subsidies. Moral hazard and adverse selection are not effectively managed. The Chinese government announced its blueprint for integrating the urban and rural resident schemes in early 2016, paving the way for the ultimate consolidation of all SHI schemes and equal benefits for all. This article proposes three policy alternatives to inform the consolidation: (1) a single-pool system at the prefectural level with significant government subsidies, (2) a dual-pool system at the prefectural level with risk-equalization mechanisms, and (3) a household approach without merging existing pools. Vertical integration to the provincial level is unlikely to happen in the near future. Two caveats are raised to inform this transition towards universal health coverage.

Development and implementation of a clinical needs assessment to support nursing and midwifery students with a disability in clinical practice: part 1.

PubMed

Howlin, Frances; Halligan, Phil; O'Toole, Sinead

2014-09-01

Equality and disability legislation, coupled with increasing numbers of students with a disability, and inadequate supports in clinical practice, acted as catalysts to explore how best to support undergraduate nursing and midwifery students on clinical placements. Historically, higher education institutions provide reasonable accommodations for theoretical rather than clinical modules for practice placements. This paper describes the development and implementation of a Clinical Needs Assessment designed to identify the necessary supports or reasonable accommodations for nursing and midwifery students with a disability undertaking work placements in clinical practice. The existing literature, and consultation with an expert panel, revealed that needs assessments should be competency based and clearly identify the core skills or elements of practice that the student must attain to achieve proficiency and competence. The five Domains of Competence, advocated by An Bord Altranais, the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland, formed the framework for the Clinical Needs Assessment. A panel of experts generated performance indicators to enable the identification of individualised reasonable accommodations for year 1 nursing and midwifery students in one Irish University. Development and implementation of the Clinical Needs Assessment promoted equality, inclusion and a level playing field for nursing and midwifery students with a disability in clinical practice. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Albert Einstein and LD: an evaluation of the evidence.

PubMed

Thomas, M

2000-01-01

Historical figures suspected of having learning disabilities are often subjected to retrospective diagnoses. One such figure is Albert Einstein. Several organizations that promote the interests of individuals with learning disabilities claim that Einstein had a learning disability. A review of biographical sources, however, provides little or no evidence to support this claim. The claim derives its force not from evidence but from a powerful belief--that the greatest among us suffer from some impairment--and from an equally powerful desire to enhance the status of a marginalized group by including within it exceptional individuals.

What is the gap in activity and participation between people with disability and the general population in Taiwan?

PubMed

Chiu, Tzu-Ying; Yen, Chia-Feng; Escorpizo, Reuben; Chi, Wen-Chou; Liou, Tsan-Hon; Liao, Hua-Fang; Chou, Cheng-Hsiu; Fang, Wen-Hui

2017-08-01

In 2010, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) was developed, based on the concept of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF provides a common language and framework for health and health-related status and attempts to integrate the biopsychosocial model as a multidimensional perspective in understanding functioning. Activities and participation (AP) is one salient component of the ICF refers to the execution of a task by an individual, and how such tasks are involved in their daily life. It is essential to examine the gap between the general adult population and adults with disabilities. This gap may be attributed to health status, personal factors, and natural and social environments, which include social and health services and policies. The purposes: (1) To develop a normative activity and participation (AP) value for the adult population and people with disabilities; and (2) to compare the gap in AP normative values between the two groups in Taiwan. We use the WHODAS 2.0 to survey and develop a normative AP value for the general adult population, and used secondary data from National Disability Eligibility Determination System (NDEDS) of Taiwan to describe the AP functioning distribution of adult with disability. There were 1100 participants, selected by stratified proportional sampling from two cities. There were also 144,850 participants who were adults with disability, selected from the secondary database in Taiwan. The AP curve for the disabled population increased rapidly at the beginning. The summary score was 13.21 in the performance at 90 percentile for the general population and 82.61 score for disabled adults that the similar gap in every domain, its means that there are significant functioning difference and health equality in general adults population and adults with disabilities. This presents a substantial challenge for both the government and the whole population of Taiwan, to begin considering how to reduce the gap in AP functioning and promote equality for people with disabilities, using social welfare policy. It is important to make sure disabled people have the same rights to be included in society as anybody else and better access to things in all areas of life that are according to Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).

41 CFR 60-741.3 - Exceptions to the definitions of “individual with a disability” and “qualified individual with a...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... OFFICE OF FEDERAL CONTRACT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS, EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 741... WITH DISABILITIES Preliminary Matters, Equal Opportunity Clause § 60-741.3 Exceptions to the... contractor acts on the basis of such use. (2) “Drug” defined. The term drug means a controlled substance, as...

Assessing the Optimal Length of Parental Leave for Child and Parental Well-Being: How Can Research Inform Policy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galtry, Judith; Callister, Paul

2005-01-01

Parental leave is a complex area of public policy. Concerns include health protection for working mothers, equal employment opportunities for women, access to adequate antenatal and birthing care, maternal recovery, optimal nutrition for infants, and gender equality within families. Given this complexity, the design of parental leave schemes,…

Equal Opportunities and Vocational Training. Evaluation of In-Company Vocational Training Schemes for Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sensi, Dina; And Others

Equal opportunities programs in the Member States of the European Community (EC) are based on international law, EC law, and various legal provisions at the national level. Two main types of positive action can be identified among the various initiatives implemented in the different Member States: (1) governmental promotion of positive actions…

Probit vs. semi-nonparametric estimation: examining the role of disability on institutional entry for older adults.

PubMed

Sharma, Andy

2017-06-01

The purpose of this study was to showcase an advanced methodological approach to model disability and institutional entry. Both of these are important areas to investigate given the on-going aging of the United States population. By 2020, approximately 15% of the population will be 65 years and older. Many of these older adults will experience disability and require formal care. A probit analysis was employed to determine which disabilities were associated with admission into an institution (i.e. long-term care). Since this framework imposes strong distributional assumptions, misspecification leads to inconsistent estimators. To overcome such a short-coming, this analysis extended the probit framework by employing an advanced semi-nonparamertic maximum likelihood estimation utilizing Hermite polynomial expansions. Specification tests show semi-nonparametric estimation is preferred over probit. In terms of the estimates, semi-nonparametric ratios equal 42 for cognitive difficulty, 64 for independent living, and 111 for self-care disability while probit yields much smaller estimates of 19, 30, and 44, respectively. Public health professionals can use these results to better understand why certain interventions have not shown promise. Equally important, healthcare workers can use this research to evaluate which type of treatment plans may delay institutionalization and improve the quality of life for older adults. Implications for rehabilitation With on-going global aging, understanding the association between disability and institutional entry is important in devising successful rehabilitation interventions. Semi-nonparametric is preferred to probit and shows ambulatory and cognitive impairments present high risk for institutional entry (long-term care). Informal caregiving and home-based care require further examination as forms of rehabilitation/therapy for certain types of disabilities.

Predictive Cutoff Values of the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test and the Timed "Up & Go" Test for Disability Incidence in Older People Dwelling in the Community.

PubMed

Makizako, Hyuma; Shimada, Hiroyuki; Doi, Takehiko; Tsutsumimoto, Kota; Nakakubo, Sho; Hotta, Ryo; Suzuki, Takao

2017-04-01

Lower extremity functioning is important for maintaining activity in elderly people. Optimal cutoff points for standard measurements of lower extremity functioning would help identify elderly people who are not disabled but have a high risk of developing disability. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the optimal cutoff points of the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test and the Timed "Up & Go" Test for predicting the development of disability and (2) to examine the impact of poor performance on both tests on the prediction of the risk of disability in elderly people dwelling in the community. This was a prospective cohort study. A population of 4,335 elderly people dwelling in the community (mean age = 71.7 years; 51.6% women) participated in baseline assessments. Participants were monitored for 2 years for the development of disability. During the 2-year follow-up period, 161 participants (3.7%) developed disability. The optimal cutoff points of the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test and the Timed "Up & Go" Test for predicting the development of disability were greater than or equal to 10 seconds and greater than or equal to 9 seconds, respectively. Participants with poor performance on the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (hazard ratio = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.11-3.20), the Timed "Up & Go" Test (hazard ratio = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.42-3.53), or both tests (hazard ratio = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.78-4.33) at the baseline assessment had a significantly higher risk of developing disability than participants who had better lower extremity functioning. All participants had good initial functioning and participated in assessments on their own. Causes of disability were not assessed. Assessments of lower extremity functioning with the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test and the Timed "Up & Go" Test, especially poor performance on both tests, were good predictors of future disability in elderly people dwelling in the community. © 2017 American Physical Therapy Association

[Work disability in public press professions].

PubMed

Akermann, S

2002-09-01

In this study more than 1,000 cases of long-term disability among members of the press and media were evaluated. Mental disorders were the main cause of disability in almost every fourth case. In women psychiatric illnesses were even more important. The most common diagnosis was that of a depressive disorder which accounted for more than half of all psychiatric cases. The causes of disability of other insurance systems such as the German social security scheme and the pension and disability plan for the medical profession were compared. Mental illnesses are the leading cause of disability in white collar workers and orthopaedic illnesses, especially disorders of the vertebral column, are the leading cause in blue collar workers, as one might have expected. In females mental disorders are even more common than in men whereas men tend to have more cardiovascular problems than women. In this study also some interesting features regarding disability caused by various illnesses after long-term follow-up were found. This opens unknown perspectives allowing new assessment of diseases and eventually will enable the actuary to price medical diagnoses for disability insurance.

Associated Effects of Automated Essay Evaluation Software on Growth in Writing Quality for Students with and without Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Joshua

2017-01-01

The present study examined growth in writing quality associated with feedback provided by an automated essay evaluation system called PEG Writing. Equal numbers of students with disabilities (SWD) and typically-developing students (TD) matched on prior writing achievement were sampled (n = 1196 total). Data from a subsample of students (n = 655)…

Feasibility, Reliability and Validity of the Dutch Translation of the Anxiety, Depression and Mood Scale in Older Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hermans, Heidi; Jelluma, Naftha; van der Pas, Femke H.; Evenhuis, Heleen M.

2012-01-01

Background: The informant-based Anxiety, Depression And Mood Scale was translated into Dutch and its feasibility, reliability and validity in older adults (aged greater than or equal to 50 years) with intellectual disabilities (ID) was studied. Method: Test-retest (n = 93) and interrater reliability (n = 83), and convergent (n = 202 and n = 787),…

The Effectiveness of a Counseling Program on Developing the Nutritional Awareness of Pupils with Learning Disabilities at the Elementary Stage in Najran

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elnaby, Nagafa Rezk Abd Elgleel Abd; Abdelnaby, Fadya Rezk Abdelgalil

2016-01-01

The study aimed at investigating the efficacy of a counseling program on developing the nutritional awareness of pupils with learning disabilities at the elementary stage in Najran, KSA. The sample consisted of (20) pupils distributed equally to two groups, experimental and control. The scale of Khalil (2003) for the economic, social, and cultural…

Self-Reports on Mental Health Problems of Youth with Moderate to Borderline Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Douma, Jolanda C. H.; Dekker, Marielle C.; Verhulst, Frank C.; Koot, Hans M.

2006-01-01

Objective: To determine the extent to which the Youth Self-Report (YSR) can be used to assess emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Method: In 2003, 281 11- to 18-year-olds with IDs (IQ greater than or equal to 48) completed the YSR in an interview, and in 1993, 1,047 non-ID adolescents completed…

A Critical Race Theory Analysis of the Disproportionate Representation of Blacks and Males Participating in Florida's Special Education Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Anthony G.

2010-01-01

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1975 has made a profound impact on millions of children with disabilities who now enjoy their right to a free appropriate public education (FAPE). It is the goal of national policy, endorsed by Congress, to ensure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic…

Livelihood opportunities amongst adults with and without disabilities in Cameroon and India: A case control study

PubMed Central

Banks, Lena Morgon; Kuper, Hannah; Murthy, G. V. S.; Sagar, Jayanthi; Oye, Joseph; Polack, Sarah

2018-01-01

Proven links between disability and poverty suggest that development programmes and policies that are not disability-inclusive will leave persons with disabilities behind. Despite this, there is limited quantitative evidence on livelihood opportunities amongst adults with disabilities in Low and Middle Income Countries. This study adds to the limited evidence base, contributing data from one African and one Asian Setting. We undertook a population-based case–control study of adults (18+) with and without disabilities in North-West Cameroon and in Telangana State, India. We found that adults with disabilities were five times less likely to be working compared to age-sex matched controls in both settings. Amongst adults with disabilities, current age, marital status and disability type were key predictors of working. Inclusive programmes are therefore needed to provide adequate opportunities to participate in livelihood prospects for adults with disabilities in Cameroon and India, on an equal basis as others. These findings are of crucial importance at this stage of the Sustainable Development Agenda, to ensure that the mandate of inclusive development is achieved. PMID:29630606

Implications of Changes in Households and Living Arrangements for Future Home-based Care Needs and Costs of Disabled Elders in China1

PubMed Central

Zeng, Yi; Chen, Huashuai; Wang, Zhenglian; Land, Kenneth C.

2016-01-01

Objectives Understand future home-based care needs/costs for disabled elders in China. Method Further develop/apply ProFamy extended cohort-component method. Results (1) Chinese disabled elders and percentage of national GDP devoted to home-based care costs for disabled elders will increase much quicker than growth of total elderly population; (2) Home-based care needs/costs for disabled oldest-old aged 80+ will increase much faster than that for disabled young-old aged 65–79 after 2030; (3) Disabled unmarried elders living alone and their home-based care costs increase substantially faster than disabled unmarried elders living with children; (4) Sensitivity analyses shown that possible changes in mortality and elderly disability status are the major factors affecting home-based care needs and costs; (5) Caregivers resources under two-child policy will be substantially better than under current fertility policy unchanged. Discussion Policy recommendations concerning reductions of prevalence of disability, gender equality, two-child policy, encouraging elder’s residential proximity to their adult children, etc. PMID:25213460

Quark masses and mixings with hierarchical Friedberg-Lee symmetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Araki, Takeshi; Geng, C. Q.

2010-04-01

We consider the Friedberg-Lee symmetry for the quark sector and show that the symmetry closely relates to both quark masses and mixing angles. We also extend our scheme to the fourth generation quark model and find the relation |V{sub tb}{sup '}|{approx_equal}|V{sub t}{sup '}{sub b}|{approx_equal}m{sub b}/m{sub b}{sup '}<{lambda}{sup 2} with {lambda}{approx_equal}0.22 for m{sub b}=4.2 GeV and m{sub b}{sup '}>199 GeV.

Different-Level Simultaneous Minimization Scheme for Fault Tolerance of Redundant Manipulator Aided with Discrete-Time Recurrent Neural Network

PubMed Central

Jin, Long; Liao, Bolin; Liu, Mei; Xiao, Lin; Guo, Dongsheng; Yan, Xiaogang

2017-01-01

By incorporating the physical constraints in joint space, a different-level simultaneous minimization scheme, which takes both the robot kinematics and robot dynamics into account, is presented and investigated for fault-tolerant motion planning of redundant manipulator in this paper. The scheme is reformulated as a quadratic program (QP) with equality and bound constraints, which is then solved by a discrete-time recurrent neural network. Simulative verifications based on a six-link planar redundant robot manipulator substantiate the efficacy and accuracy of the presented acceleration fault-tolerant scheme, the resultant QP and the corresponding discrete-time recurrent neural network. PMID:28955217

AIDS is an exception to bus system's offer of lower fares.

PubMed

1997-05-02

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sued the Metro Link bus system in Rock Island, IL on behalf of [name removed]. The suit claims that the bus system explicitly excludes people with AIDS from a reduced-rate fare program for riders with disabilities. Currently, Metro Link offers a discount to senior citizens or people with disabilities who have documentation. The application for the discount specifically rules out people whose sole disability is AIDS. [Name removed] asked Metro Link to eliminate the exclusion. When the request was refused, the ACLU sued, alleging a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Rehabilitation Act, and [name removed]'s constitutional right to equal protection under the law.

Inverting Quasi-Resonant Switched-Capacitor Bidirectional Converter and Its Application to Battery Equalization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Yuang-Shung; Chiu, Yin-Yuan; Cheng, Ming-Wang; Ko, Yi-Pin; Hsiao, Sung-Hsin

The proposed quasi-resonant (QR) zero current switching (ZCS) switched-capacitor (SC) converter is a new type of bidirectional power flow control conversion scheme. The proposed converter is able to provide voltage conversion ratios from -3/-{1 \\over 3} (triple-mode/trisection-mode) to -n/-{1 \\over n} (-n-mode/-{1 \\over n}-mode) by adding a different number of switched-capacitors and power MOSFET switches with a small series connected resonant inductor for forward and reverse power flow control schemes. It possesses the advantages of low switching losses and current stress in this QR ZCS SC converter. The principle of operation, theoretical analysis of the proposed triple-mode/trisection-mode bidirectional power conversion scheme is described in detail with circuit model analysis. Simulation and experimental studies are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed inverting type ZCS SC QR bidirectional converter. The proposed converters can be applied to battery equalization for battery management system (BMS).

10-Gbps optical duobinary signal generated by bandwidth-limited reflective semiconductor optical amplifier in colorless optical network units and compensated by fiber Bragg grating-based equalizer in optical line terminal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Meixia; Zhang, Min; Wang, Danshi; Cui, Yue; Han, Huanhuan

2016-10-01

We propose a scheme of optical duobinary-modulated upstream transmission system for reflective semiconductor optical amplifier-based colorless optical network units in 10-Gbps wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON), where a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is adopted as an optical equalizer for better performance. The demodulation module is extremely simple, only needing a binary intensity modulation direct detection receiver. A better received sensitivity of -16.98 dBm at bit rate error (BER)=1.0×10-4 can be achieved at 120 km without FBG, and the BER at the sensitivity of -18.49 dBm can be up to 2.1×10-5 at the transmission distance of 160 km with FBG, which demonstrates the feasibility of our proposed scheme. Moreover, it could be a high cost-effectiveness scheme for WDM-PON in the future.

Establishing Long-Term Efficacy in Chronic Disease: Use of Recursive Partitioning and Propensity Score Adjustment to Estimate Outcome in MS

PubMed Central

Goodin, Douglas S.; Jones, Jason; Li, David; Traboulsee, Anthony; Reder, Anthony T.; Beckmann, Karola; Konieczny, Andreas; Knappertz, Volker

2011-01-01

Context Establishing the long-term benefit of therapy in chronic diseases has been challenging. Long-term studies require non-randomized designs and, thus, are often confounded by biases. For example, although disease-modifying therapy in MS has a convincing benefit on several short-term outcome-measures in randomized trials, its impact on long-term function remains uncertain. Objective Data from the 16-year Long-Term Follow-up study of interferon-beta-1b is used to assess the relationship between drug-exposure and long-term disability in MS patients. Design/Setting To mitigate the bias of outcome-dependent exposure variation in non-randomized long-term studies, drug-exposure was measured as the medication-possession-ratio, adjusted up or down according to multiple different weighting-schemes based on MS severity and MS duration at treatment initiation. A recursive-partitioning algorithm assessed whether exposure (using any weighing scheme) affected long-term outcome. The optimal cut-point that was used to define “high” or “low” exposure-groups was chosen by the algorithm. Subsequent to verification of an exposure-impact that included all predictor variables, the two groups were compared using a weighted propensity-stratified analysis in order to mitigate any treatment-selection bias that may have been present. Finally, multiple sensitivity-analyses were undertaken using different definitions of long-term outcome and different assumptions about the data. Main Outcome Measure Long-Term Disability. Results In these analyses, the same weighting-scheme was consistently selected by the recursive-partitioning algorithm. This scheme reduced (down-weighted) the effectiveness of drug exposure as either disease duration or disability at treatment-onset increased. Applying this scheme and using propensity-stratification to further mitigate bias, high-exposure had a consistently better clinical outcome compared to low-exposure (Cox proportional hazard ratio = 0.30–0.42; p<0.0001). Conclusions Early initiation and sustained use of interferon-beta-1b has a beneficial impact on long-term outcome in MS. Our analysis strategy provides a methodological framework for bias-mitigation in the analysis of non-randomized clinical data. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00206635 PMID:22140424

Hybrid time-frequency domain equalization for LED nonlinearity mitigation in OFDM-based VLC systems.

PubMed

Li, Jianfeng; Huang, Zhitong; Liu, Xiaoshuang; Ji, Yuefeng

2015-01-12

A novel hybrid time-frequency domain equalization scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to mitigate the white light emitting diode (LED) nonlinearity in visible light communication (VLC) systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). We handle the linear and nonlinear distortion separately in a nonlinear OFDM system. The linear part is equalized in frequency domain and the nonlinear part is compensated by an adaptive nonlinear time domain equalizer (N-TDE). The experimental results show that with only a small number of parameters the nonlinear equalizer can efficiently mitigate the LED nonlinearity. With the N-TDE the modulation index (MI) and BER performance can be significantly enhanced.

New EEOC guidance seen as helpful, but not decisive.

PubMed

1997-03-21

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) concluded that a person who applies for disability benefits does not forfeit his rights to claim employment discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Judges are not obligated to follow the EEOC opinion and are likely to continue to dismiss ADA claims if patients said they were disabled when applying for benefits. To be eligible for Social Security benefits, a person must claim to be unable to work. To be a qualified individual with a disability under the ADA, the person must be able to work with or without reasonable accommodation. The EEOC states that an application for benefits is not necessarily inconsistent with a claim that a person is a qualified individual with a disability under the ADA because the statute's standards are fundamentally different from those of disability benefits programs. Because of these differences, courts should not summarily dismiss ADA claims, but should instead conduct individual analyses.

Study of a co-designed decision feedback equalizer, deinterleaver, and decoder

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peile, Robert E.; Welch, Loyd

1990-01-01

A technique that promises better quality data from band limited channels at lower received power in digital transmission systems is presented. Data transmission, in such systems often suffers from intersymbol interference (ISI) and noise. Two separate techniques, channel coding and equalization, have caused considerable advances in the state of communication systems and both concern themselves with removing the undesired effects of a communication channel. Equalizers mitigate the ISI whereas coding schemes are used to incorporate error-correction. In the past, most of the research in these two areas has been carried out separately. However, the individual techniques have strengths and weaknesses that are complementary in many applications: an integrated approach realizes gains in excess to that of a simple juxtaposition. Coding schemes have been successfully used in cascade with linear equalizers which in the absence of ISI provide excellent performance. However, when both ISI and the noise level are relatively high, nonlinear receivers like the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) perform better. The DFE has its drawbacks: it suffers from error propagation. The technique presented here takes advantage of interleaving to integrate the two approaches so that the error propagation in DFE can be reduced with the help of error correction provided by the decoder. The results of simulations carried out for both, binary, and non-binary, channels confirm that significant gain can be obtained by codesigning equalizer and decoder. Although, systems with time-invariant channels and simple DFE having linear filters were looked into, the technique is fairly general and can easily be modified for more sophisticated equalizers to obtain even larger gains.

Disclosure of HIV status may be appropriate, EEOC says. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

PubMed

1996-03-08

A policy letter issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) states that the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) allows employers to tell first-aid personnel that an injured employee has AIDS, but only if the disclosure is necessary to protect the worker's health. Such disclosures would be inappropriate if the purpose is to warn emergency workers to provide additional protection.

Disability rights, reproductive technology, and parenthood: unrealised opportunities.

PubMed

Rothler, Roni

2017-05-01

The common attitude towards parents with disabilities is suspicious. Whereas usually, people are expected to become parents as part of a natural-social life course, disability and parenthood are conceived as contradicting terms. This is due to negative perceptions regarding the parenting capacity of people with disabilities, and lack of adequate state support for children upbringing. Disability Rights theories portray different approaches, aiming to promote equality, considering the unique life experiences of parents with disabilities. They acknowledge the discrimination that takes place whenever accommodations are denied, and they bring a universal point of view to light. Through the case of Ora Mor-Yosef, a woman with a severe physical disability who initiated the birth of a baby girl, with no genetic connection to her, the article wishes to demonstrate the potential contribution of reproductive technology, combined with legal parenthood developments, and disability studies theories, to the advancement of parenting rights and opportunities for persons with disabilities. Regrettably, Ora's case did not serve as a platform for such promotion. "Social disability obstacles", suspicion, and negative attitudes that still prevail regarding parents with disabilities, have led both the government authorities and the courts to deny Ora's attempt to accommodate reproductive technological processes and become a mother.

Education for Disability Equality through Disabled People's Life Stories and Narratives: Working and Learning Together in a School-Based Professional Development Programme for Inclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chrysostomou, Marianna; Symeonidou, Simoni

2017-01-01

This paper reports on the findings of an action research project that took place in a primary school in Cyprus. A professional development programme was devised with contributions from teachers involved in the research. The programme was aimed at helping teachers to map the difficulties they encounter when working with their students on…

The Impact of Staff Training on the Knowledge of Support Staff in Relation to Bereavement and People with an Intellectual Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watters, Laura; McKenzie, Karen; Wright, Rachel

2012-01-01

This study aimed to investigate whether a 1-day training course improved support staff knowledge about bereavement and grief in people with a learning disability. A questionnaire based, mixed design was used. Forty-eight participants were randomly assigned to one of two equal groups. A staggered design allowed for group 2 to act both as a control…

Trends of utilization of government disability benefits among chronic mentally ill.

PubMed

Kashyap, Kartik; Thunga, Ravish; Rao, Arun K; Balamurali, N P

2012-01-01

Mentally retarded and chronic mentally ill are being certified using IQ Assessment and Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS). They have been granted various benefits including monthly pension, from Ministry of Social Welfare, Government of India. The monthly pension appears to be the strongest reason for seeking certification and applying for government benefits. The caregivers appear to have only partial information and awareness about the remaining schemes. The study aims to assess the severity of disability in the mentally retarded and mentally ill who are certified for disability benefits, as well as to assess the trends of utilization of disability benefits over a 3 year period. This was a retrospective, file review based study of certificates of patients certified for mental disability in the period of January 2006 to December 2008. Certificates of a total of 1794 mentally retarded and 285 mentally ill were reviewed. The data regarding utilization of disability benefits was assessed. Patients from rural areas did not avail any benefits other than the disability pension. Among Mentally Ill, Schizophrenia accounted for highest certifications. Males had higher disability compared to females, and Dementia showed highest disability as per IDEAS. Though initial hurdles due to disability measurement have been crossed, disability benefits are still elusive to the vast majority of the disabled. Proper awareness and education will help in reducing the stigma and in the effective utilization of benefits.

24 CFR 582.330 - Nondiscrimination and equal opportunity requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... diseases). However, other eligible disabled homeless persons must be considered for housing designed for... recipient must establish additional procedures that will ensure that interested persons can obtain...

24 CFR 582.330 - Nondiscrimination and equal opportunity requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... diseases). However, other eligible disabled homeless persons must be considered for housing designed for... recipient must establish additional procedures that will ensure that interested persons can obtain...

24 CFR 582.330 - Nondiscrimination and equal opportunity requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... diseases). However, other eligible disabled homeless persons must be considered for housing designed for... recipient must establish additional procedures that will ensure that interested persons can obtain...

24 CFR 582.330 - Nondiscrimination and equal opportunity requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... diseases). However, other eligible disabled homeless persons must be considered for housing designed for... recipient must establish additional procedures that will ensure that interested persons can obtain...

Optimizing congestion and emissions via tradable credit charge and reward scheme without initial credit allocations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Wenlong; Ma, Shoufeng; Tian, Junfang

2017-01-01

This paper investigates the revenue-neutral tradable credit charge and reward scheme without initial credit allocations that can reassign network traffic flow patterns to optimize congestion and emissions. First, we prove the existence of the proposed schemes and further decentralize the minimum emission flow pattern to user equilibrium. Moreover, we design the solving method of the proposed credit scheme for minimum emission problem. Second, we investigate the revenue-neutral tradable credit charge and reward scheme without initial credit allocations for bi-objectives to obtain the Pareto system optimum flow patterns of congestion and emissions; and present the corresponding solutions are located in the polyhedron constituted by some inequalities and equalities system. Last, numerical example based on a simple traffic network is adopted to obtain the proposed credit schemes and verify they are revenue-neutral.

Educational and intervention strategies for improving a shift system: an experience in a disabled persons' facility.

PubMed

Sakai, K; Watanabe, A; Kogi, K

1993-01-01

The improvement of an irregular three-shift system with anti-clockwise rotation of workers of a disabled persons' facility covering 42 h a week was a subject for management-labour debate. Workers were complaining of physical fatigue, high prevalence of low back pain, sleep shortages associated with short inter-shift intervals, and irregular holidays. With the co-operation of trade union members, an educational and intervention programme was designed to analyse, plan, and implement improved shift rotation schemes. The programme consisted of (a) a group study on the existing system and effects on health and working life; (b) joint planning of potential schemes; (c) communication and feedback (d) testing and evaluation; and (e) agreement on an improved system. The group study was undertaken by means of time study, questionnaire and physiological methods, and the results were jointly discussed. This led to the planning of alternative shift schemes incorporating more regular, clockwise rotation. It was agreed to stage a trial period with a view to shorter working hours. This experience indicated the importance of a stepwise intervention strategy with frequent dialogues and a participatory process focusing on the broad range of working life and health issues.

Disability rights advocacy and employment: a qualitative study of the National Centre for the Employment of Disabled People (NCPEDP) in India.

PubMed

Benshoff, Laura; Barrera, Magda; Heymann, Jody

2014-01-01

In India, the low rate of employment of people with disabilities is a large problem in the growing economy. Looking at one advocacy group's strategies for influencing the private sector and lobbying the Indian government for more responsive employment policies, this article focuses on NCPEDP's holistic approach to increasing employment of people with disabilities as an example of notable, innovative practice. The article examines NCPEDP's strategies towards the private sector, public policy, and civil society, including its Disability Awards (highlighting inclusive workplaces), the 2001 and 2011 Census campaigns' efforts for people with disabilities to become accurately counted, and its networks of disability organizations that disseminate relevant information and campaign for greater equality across the nation. The benefits and limitations of these strategies are then assessed for lessons regarding the strategies available to small nongovernmental organizations seeking to influence employment, the private sector and public policy in other settings.

Pathophysiology of Post Amputation Pain

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

ACCOMPLISHMENTS: o What were the major goals of the project?  Year one: Regulatory documents completed recruitment schemes developed and implemented  Database...2 3 7. My sleep was restless. 0 1 2 3 8. I was happy. 0 1 2 3 9. I felt lonely. 0 1 2 3 10. I could not get...as eating and sleeping . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Mild Moderate Severe Total Disability Disability 27 Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (Modified

76 FR 44303 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-25

..., sex, national origin, age, disability, and/or reprisal for participation in equal employment... of complaints filed, and to make the determination of whether a complaint meets all procedural and...

[Somatoform pain disorder and work disability].

PubMed

Fauchère, P A

2001-04-12

Over the past few years, the number of i.v. pensioners has risen drastically. According to BSV statistics the diagnosis for the new pensions was mainly based on psychological disorders and problems with the musculoskeletal system. A large portion of these people with new disabilities are probably suffering from somatoform disorder, whereby the insured person complains about pain for which there are no demonstrable organic findings. The author contests the fact that this condition automatically leads to disability and makes an appeal for stricter, more exacting diagnostic screening: psychiatric co-morbidity must be considered in order to be able to determine the degree of work disability. Due to its multiplicity and inconsistencies, current practice is no longer able to ensure equal handling of all insured persons.

LDPC-coded orbital angular momentum (OAM) modulation for free-space optical communication.

PubMed

Djordjevic, Ivan B; Arabaci, Murat

2010-11-22

An orbital angular momentum (OAM) based LDPC-coded modulation scheme suitable for use in FSO communication is proposed. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme can operate under strong atmospheric turbulence regime and enable 100 Gb/s optical transmission while employing 10 Gb/s components. Both binary and nonbinary LDPC-coded OAM modulations are studied. In addition to providing better BER performance, the nonbinary LDPC-coded modulation reduces overall decoder complexity and latency. The nonbinary LDPC-coded OAM modulation provides a net coding gain of 9.3 dB at the BER of 10(-8). The maximum-ratio combining scheme outperforms the corresponding equal-gain combining scheme by almost 2.5 dB.

Fairness of QoS supporting in optical burst switching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xuan, Xuelei; Liu, Hua; Chen, Chunfeng; Zhang, Zhizhong

2004-04-01

In this paper we investigate the fairness problem of offset-time-based quality of service (QoS) scheme proposed by Qiao and Dixit in optical burst switching (OBS) networks. In the proposed schemes, QoS relies on the fact that the requests for reservation further into the future, but for practical, benchmark offset-time of data bursts at the intermediate nodes is not equal to each other. Here, a new offset-time-based QoS scheme is introduced, where data bursts are classified according to their offset-time and isolated in the wavelength domain or time domain to achieve the parallel reservation. Through simulation, it is found that this scheme achieves fairness among data bursts with different priority.

On the convergence of difference approximations to scalar conservation laws

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Osher, Stanley; Tadmor, Eitan

1988-01-01

A unified treatment is given for time-explicit, two-level, second-order-resolution (SOR), total-variation-diminishing (TVD) approximations to scalar conservation laws. The schemes are assumed only to have conservation form and incremental form. A modified flux and a viscosity coefficient are introduced to obtain results in terms of the latter. The existence of a cell entropy inequality is discussed, and such an equality for all entropies is shown to imply that the scheme is an E scheme on monotone (actually more general) data, hence at most only first-order accurate in general. Convergence for TVD-SOR schemes approximating convex or concave conservation laws is shown by enforcing a single discrete entropy inequality.

A Constant Envelope OFDM Implementation on GNU Radio

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-02

more advanced schemes like Decision Feedback Equalization or Turbo Equalization must be implemented to avoid the noise enhancement that all linear...block is coded in C++, and uses the phase unwrapping algorithm similar to MATLABs unwrap() function. To avoid false wraps propagating throughout the...outperform the real-time GNU radio implementation at higher SNR’s. While the unequalized experiment with the Matlab processor usually stayed within 5

29 CFR 1614.101 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., disability, or genetic information and to promote the full realization of equal employment opportunity... U.S.C. 206(d)), the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. 791 et seq.), or the Genetic Information...

29 CFR 1614.101 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., disability, or genetic information and to promote the full realization of equal employment opportunity... U.S.C. 206(d)), the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. 791 et seq.), or the Genetic Information...

29 CFR 1614.101 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., disability, or genetic information and to promote the full realization of equal employment opportunity... U.S.C. 206(d)), the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. 791 et seq.), or the Genetic Information...

29 CFR 1614.101 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., disability, or genetic information and to promote the full realization of equal employment opportunity... U.S.C. 206(d)), the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. 791 et seq.), or the Genetic Information...

48 CFR 22.102-1 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...; (d) Equal employment opportunity; (e) Child and convict labor; (f) Age discrimination; (g) Disabled... under United States immigration laws. [48 FR 42258, Sept. 19, 1983, as amended at 56 FR 55374, Oct. 25...

7 CFR 1944.671 - Equal opportunity requirements and outreach efforts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., religion, sex, national origin, age, familial status, or handicap/disability. Prohibited practices under this section include: (1) Failing to provide any person in connection with a residential real estate...

7 CFR 1944.671 - Equal opportunity requirements and outreach efforts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., religion, sex, national origin, age, familial status, or handicap/disability. Prohibited practices under this section include: (1) Failing to provide any person in connection with a residential real estate...

7 CFR 1944.671 - Equal opportunity requirements and outreach efforts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., religion, sex, national origin, age, familial status, or handicap/disability. Prohibited practices under this section include: (1) Failing to provide any person in connection with a residential real estate...

7 CFR 1944.671 - Equal opportunity requirements and outreach efforts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., religion, sex, national origin, age, familial status, or handicap/disability. Prohibited practices under this section include: (1) Failing to provide any person in connection with a residential real estate...

Aerodynamic optimization by simultaneously updating flow variables and design parameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rizk, M. H.

1990-01-01

The application of conventional optimization schemes to aerodynamic design problems leads to inner-outer iterative procedures that are very costly. An alternative approach is presented based on the idea of updating the flow variable iterative solutions and the design parameter iterative solutions simultaneously. Two schemes based on this idea are applied to problems of correcting wind tunnel wall interference and optimizing advanced propeller designs. The first of these schemes is applicable to a limited class of two-design-parameter problems with an equality constraint. It requires the computation of a single flow solution. The second scheme is suitable for application to general aerodynamic problems. It requires the computation of several flow solutions in parallel. In both schemes, the design parameters are updated as the iterative flow solutions evolve. Computations are performed to test the schemes' efficiency, accuracy, and sensitivity to variations in the computational parameters.

Trainee experiences of intellectual disability psychiatry and an innovative leaderless support group: a qualitative study

PubMed Central

Spackman, Ross; Toogood, Hannah; Kerridge, Jayne; Nash, Jon; Anderson, Elizabeth; Rai, Dheeraj

2017-01-01

Aims and method There is very little research into the challenges of training in intellectual disability psychiatry or into interventions which may address these challenges. Using focus groups, we explored the experiences of intellectual disability psychiatry trainees, and evaluated a leaderless trainee support group developed in Bristol. Results Five distinct themes were identified via framework analysis: that trainees felt unprepared for the difference from previous posts; the need for support; the value of the group; that trainees were concerned about judgement in supervision; that the group structure was valued. Clinical implications Our findings highlight the support needs specific to intellectual disability psychiatry trainees. Leaderless peer support groups may be a valued resource to address such issues, and may be a useful model to be considered by other training schemes. PMID:28811919

Introducing risk adjustment and free health plan choice in employer-based health insurance: Evidence from Germany.

PubMed

Pilny, Adam; Wübker, Ansgar; Ziebarth, Nicolas R

2017-12-01

To equalize differences in health plan premiums due to differences in risk pools, the German legislature introduced a simple Risk Adjustment Scheme (RAS) based on age, gender and disability status in 1994. In addition, effective 1996, consumers gained the freedom to choose among hundreds of existing health plans, across employers and state-borders. This paper (a) estimates RAS pass-through rates on premiums, financial reserves, and expenditures and assesses the overall RAS impact on market price dispersion. Moreover, it (b) characterizes health plan switchers and investigates their annual and cumulative switching rates over time. Our main findings are based on representative enrollee panel data linked to administrative RAS and health plan data. We show that sickness funds with bad risk pools and high pre-RAS premiums lowered their total premiums by 42 cents per additional euro allocated by the RAS. Consequently, post-RAS, health plan prices converged but not fully. Because switchers are more likely to be white collar, young and healthy, the new consumer choice resulted in more risk segregation and the amount of money redistributed by the RAS increased over time. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Disability inclusion in higher education in Uganda: Status and strategies.

PubMed

Emong, Paul; Eron, Lawrence

2016-01-01

Uganda has embraced inclusive education and evidently committed itself to bringing about disability inclusion at every level of education. Both legal and non-legal frameworks have been adopted and arguably are in line with the intent of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) on education. The CRPD, in Article 24, requires states to attain a right to education for persons with disabilities without discrimination and on the basis of equal opportunities at all levels of education. Despite Uganda's robust disability legal and policy framework on education, there is evidence of exclusion and discrimination of students with disabilities in the higher education institutions. The main objective of this article is to explore the status of disability inclusion in higher education and strategies for its realisation, using evidence from Emong's study, workshop proceedings where the authors facilitated and additional individual interviews with four students with disabilities by the authors. The results show that there are discrimination and exclusion tendencies in matters related to admissions, access to lectures, assessment and examinations, access to library services, halls of residence and other disability support services. The article recommends that institutional policies and guidelines on support services for students with disabilities and special needs in higher education be developed, data on students with disabilities collected to help planning, collaboration between Disabled Peoples Organisations (DPO's) strengthened to ensure disability inclusion and the establishment of disability support centres.

Women's knowledge of and attitude towards disability in rural Nepal.

PubMed

Simkhada, Padam P; Shyangdan, Deepson; van Teijlingen, Edwin R; Kadel, Santosh; Stephen, Jane; Gurung, Tara

2013-04-01

What is perceived to be a disability is both culturally specific and related to levels of development and modernity. This paper explores knowledge and attitudes towards people with disabilities among rural women in Nepal, one of the poorer countries in South Asia. Four hundred and twelve married women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years), from four villages in two different parts of Nepal, who had delivered a child within the last 24 months preceding the study, completed a standard questionnaire. The majority of the participants only considered physical conditions that limit function of an individual and are visible to naked eyes, such as missing a leg or arm, to be disability. Attitudes towards people with disability were generally positive, for example most women believed that disabled people should have equal rights and should be allowed to sit on committees or get married. Most respondents thought that disability could result from: (i) accidents; (ii) medical conditions; or (iii) genetic inheritance. Fewer women thought that disability was caused by fate or bad spirits. There is need to educate the general population on disability, especially the invisible disabilities. There is also a need for further research on disability and its social impact. • There is need to educate the general population on disability, especially the invisible disabilities and its rehabilitation. There is also a need for further research on disability and its social impact.

Parents' experiences in registering with and accessing funding under the National Disability Insurance Scheme for early intervention services for children with developmental disabilities.

PubMed

Ranasinghe, Tharangi; Jeyaseelan, Deepa; White, Deirdre; Russo, Ray

2017-01-01

To evaluate parents' feedback regarding their experience in registering and accessing funding with the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and communicating with the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA). Parents of children less than 7 years of age, who were assessed through the Child Development Unit (CDU) at the Women's and Children's Health Network from July 2013 to June 2014 and referred to the NDIS, were invited to complete a study questionnaire regarding their experience with the NDIS. The questionnaire was initially mailed to the parents. If no response was returned, families were telephoned to complete the questionnaire by phone or to be sent another copy of the questionnaire to complete. Of 121 children eligible for the study, 42 (34.7%) parents completed the questionnaire. Thirty-six (85.7%) parents reported having no difficulty with the NDIS registration process, while six parents (14.3%) had difficulty. With regards to accessing funding, 27 (64.3%) reported having no difficulty, 11 (26.2%) stated that it was difficult and 4 parents did not comment. Twenty-six parents (61.9%) reported that it was easy to communicate with the NDIA, while 12 (28.6%) found it difficult. Overall, 26 (61.9%) parents were satisfied with the NDIS and NDIA, 6 (14.8%) were unsatisfied and 9 (21.4%) were neutral. The majority of parents were satisfied with both the processes required to register and access funding through the NDIS for early intervention services for their children with developmental disabilities, and their ability to communicate with the NDIA. © 2016 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians).

Association between poverty and psychiatric disability among Chinese population aged 15-64 years.

PubMed

Li, Ning; Pang, Lihua; Du, Wei; Chen, Gong; Zheng, Xiaoying

2012-12-30

Psychiatric disability is an important public health problem in China, and poverty may be positively correlated with disability. Little study in the existing literatures has explored the contribution of poverty to the psychiatric disability among Chinese population. Using a nationally representative data, this paper aims to investigate the association between poverty and psychiatric disability in Chinese population aged 15-64 years. We used the second China National Sample Survey on Disability, comprising 1.8 million people aged 15-64 years. Identification and classification for psychiatric disability was based on consensus manuals. We used standard weighting procedures to construct sample weights considering the multistage stratified cluster sampling survey scheme. Population weighted numbers, weighted proportions, and the adjusted Odd Ratios (OR) were calculated. For people with psychiatric disability aged 15-64 years, more than 4 million were below the poverty level in China. After controlling for other demographic variables, poverty was found to be significantly associated with psychiatric disability (OR=2.25, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.15-2.35). Given China is undergoing rapid social-economic transition and psychiatric diseases become a leading burden to the individuals, community, and health care systems, poverty reduction programs are warranted to prevent psychiatric disability and/or improve the lives for persons with psychiatric disability. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

12 CFR 268.102 - Board program for equal employment opportunity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... candidates without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age or disability, and solicit... community level with other employers, with schools and universities and with other public and private groups...

45 CFR 703.2 - Functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Constitution and the effect of the laws and policies of the Federal Government with respect to equal protection..., disability, or national origin, or that citizens are being accorded or denied the right to vote in Federal...

45 CFR 703.2 - Functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Constitution and the effect of the laws and policies of the Federal Government with respect to equal protection..., disability, or national origin, or that citizens are being accorded or denied the right to vote in Federal...

7 CFR 1436.19 - Equal Opportunity and Non-discrimination requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., national origin, gender, or other prohibited basis. Borrowers must comply with all applicable Federal laws... discriminate against any applicant on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, disability, sex...

7 CFR 1436.19 - Equal Opportunity and Non-discrimination requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., national origin, gender, or other prohibited basis. Borrowers must comply with all applicable Federal laws... discriminate against any applicant on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, disability, sex...

Supporting students with disabilities--promoting understanding amongst mentors in practice.

PubMed

Tee, Stephen; Cowen, Michelle

2012-01-01

Good practice demands a clinical practice culture positively disposed to students with disabilities. Equality legislation seeks to protect those with a disability from either direct or indirect discrimination. The balance between providing "reasonable adjustments" for the student, whilst ensuring "Fitness to Practice", and ultimate employability, requires a close partnership between higher education and practice mentors. This paper reports on the development and evaluation of a range of interactive resources, used in the preparation of mentors to help them address the specific learning needs of disabled students. The evaluation revealed the benefit of student 'stories' in helping mentors to understand the support needs of disabled students and ensure reasonable adjustments are implemented in compliance with disability legislation. The interactive resources have been helpful in promoting positive action towards disabled students' learning, empathic understanding of mental health issues and knowledge and skills acquisition in support of dyslexic students. Implementing reasonable adjustments in practice requires a close working partnership between HEI's and mentors who appreciate support in understanding the development and application of coping strategies to overcome disabilities. Effective preparation of mentors is essential to ensure that opportunities for disabled students to succeed are maximised. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Multiple trellis coded modulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simon, Marvin K. (Inventor); Divsalar, Dariush (Inventor)

1990-01-01

A technique for designing trellis codes to minimize bit error performance for a fading channel. The invention provides a criteria which may be used in the design of such codes which is significantly different from that used for average white Gaussian noise channels. The method of multiple trellis coded modulation of the present invention comprises the steps of: (a) coding b bits of input data into s intermediate outputs; (b) grouping said s intermediate outputs into k groups of s.sub.i intermediate outputs each where the summation of all s.sub.i,s is equal to s and k is equal to at least 2; (c) mapping each of said k groups of intermediate outputs into one of a plurality of symbols in accordance with a plurality of modulation schemes, one for each group such that the first group is mapped in accordance with a first modulation scheme and the second group is mapped in accordance with a second modulation scheme; and (d) outputting each of said symbols to provide k output symbols for each b bits of input data.

Development of prediction models of stress and long-term disability among claimants to injury compensation systems: a cohort study

PubMed Central

Spittal, Matthew J; Grant, Genevieve; O’Donnell, Meaghan; McFarlane, Alexander C; Studdert, David M

2018-01-01

Objectives We sought to develop prognostic risk scores for compensation-related stress and long-term disability using markers collected within 3 months of a serious injury. Design Cohort study. Predictors were collected at baseline and at 3 months postinjury. Outcome data were collected at 72 months postinjury. Setting Hospitalised patients with serious injuries recruited from four major trauma hospitals in Australia. Participants 332 participants who made claims for compensation for their injuries to a transport accident scheme or a workers’ compensation scheme. Primary outcome measures 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule and 6 items from the Claims Experience Survey. Results Our model for long-term disability had four predictors (unemployed at the time of injury, history of a psychiatric disorder at time of injury, post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity at 3 months and disability at 3 months). This model had good discrimination (R2=0.37) and calibration. The disability risk score had a score range of 0–180, and at a threshold of 80 had sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 86%. Our model for compensation-related stress had five predictors (intensive care unit admission, discharged to home, number of traumatic events prior to injury, depression at 3 months and not working at 3 months). This model also had good discrimination (area under the curve=0.83) and calibration. The compensation-related stress risk score had score range of 0–220 and at a threshold of 100 had sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 75%. By combining these two scoring systems, we were able to identify the subgroup of claimants at highest risk of experiencing both outcomes. Conclusions The ability to identify at an early stage claimants at high risk of compensation-related stress and poor recovery is potentially valuable for claimants and the compensation agencies that serve them. The scoring systems we developed could be incorporated into the claims-handling processes to guide prevention-oriented interventions. PMID:29705763

Reflecting the World Report on Disability: a report from Sweden.

PubMed

Sunnerhagen, Katharina Stibrant

2014-01-01

There is a range of statistics in Sweden regarding people with functional limitations available from different authorities presenting diverging information. Although healthcare and social welfare legislations aim for equal access and treatment, surveys about unmet needs show that opportunities for rehabilitation are unequal among diagnoses and around the country and insufficient in the long-term. There is also a law granting certain supports and services to those people who are considered to be in need of having someone to speak for them. Disability-related services are tax financed with a symbolic fee. Rehabilitation is performed by not only physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists. Rehabilitation research is mainly within healthcare science but also in social science. Disability services need better coordination, and an agency has recently been founded with this responsibility. More politicians should engage in disability-related issues, and more people with disability should get into politics.

Disability identity development model: Voices from the ADA-generation.

PubMed

Forber-Pratt, Anjali J; Zape, Marianne P

2017-04-01

For persons with disabilities, 2015 was a historic year, marking the 25th anniversary of the Americans with Disability Act (ADA) and the 40th anniversary of the passing of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It is important to consider the effects of this fundamental shift towards equal opportunity and participation on persons with disabilities' identity development. In practice, however, there are few empirical studies that have looked at this phenomenon and even fewer models of disability identity development. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the disability identity development of college students with disabilities. At two research sites, we conducted individual interviews and observations with 17 college students with varying disabilities, and used in vivo and structural coding analysis to identify and develop themes. The results of this study led to establishing a model of psychosocial identity development for individuals with disabilities. The model highlights four developmental statuses: acceptance, relationship, adoption and engagement. Sharing voices from the participants themselves, we also provide commentary on the possible impacts of this work for healthcare professionals and areas for future research. Our findings suggest that this model of psychosocial disability identity development can help to provide an understanding of the psychological processes that individuals with disabilities go through. The model also has application as a framework for healthcare professionals and psychologists who are working with individuals with disabilities. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effect of Tutoring With Nonstandard Equations for Students With Mathematics Difficulty.

PubMed

Powell, Sarah R; Driver, Melissa K; Julian, Tyler E

2015-01-01

Students often misinterpret the equal sign (=) as operational instead of relational. Research indicates misinterpretation of the equal sign occurs because students receive relatively little exposure to equations that promote relational understanding of the equal sign. No study, however, has examined effects of nonstandard equations on the equation solving and equal-sign understanding of students with mathematics difficulty (MD). In the present study, second-grade students with MD (n = 51) were randomly assigned to standard equations tutoring, combined tutoring (standard and nonstandard equations), and no-tutoring control. Combined tutoring students demonstrated greater gains on equation-solving assessments and equal-sign tasks compared to the other two conditions. Standard tutoring students demonstrated improved skill on equation solving over control students, but combined tutoring students' performance gains were significantly larger. Results indicate that exposure to and practice with nonstandard equations positively influence student understanding of the equal sign. © Hammill Institute on Disabilities 2013.

Health care reform and people with disabilities.

PubMed

Batavia, A I

1993-01-01

As a group, people with disabilities or chronic conditions experience higher-than-average health care costs and have difficulty gaining access to affordable private health insurance coverage. While the Americans with Disabilities Act will enhance access by prohibiting differential treatment without sound actuarial justification, it will not guarantee equal access for people in impairment groups with high utilization rates. Health care reform is needed to subsidize the coverage of such individuals. Such subsidization can be achieved under either a casualty insurance model, in which premiums based on expected costs are subsidized directly, or a social insurance model, in which low-cost enrollees cross-subsidize high-cost enrollees. Cost containment provisions that focus on the provider, such as global budgeting and managed competition, will adversely affect disabled people if providers do not have adequate incentives to meet these people's needs. Provisions focusing on the consumer, such as cost sharing, case management, and benefit reductions, will adversely affect disabled people if they unduly limit needed services or impose a disproportionate financial burden on disabled people.

Strategic thinking.

PubMed

Davies, Jill; Burke, Christine

2012-01-01

The new framework is seen as a positive move to improve the nation's mental health and wellbeing. However, despite the strategy highlighting the needs of people with learning disabilities, the framework offers very little specifically for this group. This raises concern that this group will remain off the radar for those in mainstream services and organisations that could support them to maintain their mental health and wellbeing. With the Valuing People Now team disbanded, there is no nationally-accredited body given the role to champion people with learning disabilities. Those with a learning disability and a mental illness should be able to access services and be treated in the same way as anyone else with reasonable adjustments being made in accordance with the Disability Discrimination Act (2005) and the Disability Equality Duty (2006). But as the implementation framework is lacking in attention to this group more work will be required by mainstream and specialist organisations to ensure the key messages from the frameworks are applicable to people with learning disabilities.

UNEQUAL BRAINS: DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION LAWS AND CHILDREN WITH CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR.

PubMed

O'Connell, Karen

2016-01-01

At a time when brain-based explanations of behaviour are proliferating, how will law respond to the badly behaved child? In Australia, children and youth with challenging behaviours such as aggression, swearing, or impulsivity are increasingly understood as having a behavioural disability and so may be afforded the protections of discrimination law. A brain-based approach to challenging behaviour also offers a seemingly neutral framework that de-stigmatises a child's 'bad' behaviour, making it a biological or medical issue rather than a failure of discipline or temperament. Yet this 'brain-based' framework is not as neutral as it appears. How law regulates the brain-based subject in the form of the badly behaved child depends on how law conceptualises the brain. This article examines two competing approaches to the brain in law: a structural, deterministic model and a 'plastic', flexible model. Each of these impacts differently on disabled and abled identity and consequently on discrimination law and equality rights. Using examples from Australian discrimination law, this article argues that as new brain-based models of identity develop, existing inequalities based on race, gender, and disability are imported, and new forms of stigma emerge. In the neurological age, not all brains are created equal. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press; all rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Use of consumer wireless devices by South Africans with severe communication disability

PubMed Central

Bryen, Diane Nelson; Moolman, Enid; Morris, John

2016-01-01

Background Advancements in wireless technology (e.g. cell phones and tablets) have opened new communication opportunities and environments for individuals with severe communication disabilities. The advancement of these technologies poses challenges to ensuring that these individuals enjoy equal access to this increasingly essential technology. However, a paucity of research exists. Objectives To describe the nature and frequency with which South African adults with severe communication disabilities have access to and use wireless devices, as well as the types of activities for which wireless devices are used. Method Survey research was conducted with 30 individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technology using the Survey of User Needs Questionnaire developed in the United States, and localized to the South African context. Results All participants, despite their limited education, unemployment and low economic status, owned and/or used mainstream wireless devices. Slightly more than half of the participants (53.3%) needed adaptations to their wireless devices. Advantages of using wireless devices were highlighted, including connecting with others (through using text messaging, social networking, making plans with others, sharing photos and videos with friends), for leisure activities (e.g. listening to music, watching videos, playing games), and for safety purposes (e.g. to navigate when lost, using the device when in trouble and needing immediate assistance). Conclusion These wireless devices offer substantial benefits and opportunities to individuals with disabilities who rely on AAC in terms of independence, social participation, education and safety/security. However, they still do not enjoy equal opportunity to access and use wireless devices relative to the non-disabled population. PMID:28730045

Use of consumer wireless devices by South Africans with severe communication disability.

PubMed

Bornman, Juan; Bryen, Diane Nelson; Moolman, Enid; Morris, John

2016-01-01

Advancements in wireless technology (e.g. cell phones and tablets) have opened new communication opportunities and environments for individuals with severe communication disabilities. The advancement of these technologies poses challenges to ensuring that these individuals enjoy equal access to this increasingly essential technology. However, a paucity of research exists. To describe the nature and frequency with which South African adults with severe communication disabilities have access to and use wireless devices, as well as the types of activities for which wireless devices are used. Survey research was conducted with 30 individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technology using the Survey of User Needs Questionnaire developed in the United States, and localized to the South African context. All participants, despite their limited education, unemployment and low economic status, owned and/or used mainstream wireless devices. Slightly more than half of the participants (53.3%) needed adaptations to their wireless devices. Advantages of using wireless devices were highlighted, including connecting with others (through using text messaging, social networking, making plans with others, sharing photos and videos with friends), for leisure activities (e.g. listening to music, watching videos, playing games), and for safety purposes (e.g. to navigate when lost, using the device when in trouble and needing immediate assistance). These wireless devices offer substantial benefits and opportunities to individuals with disabilities who rely on AAC in terms of independence, social participation, education and safety/security. However, they still do not enjoy equal opportunity to access and use wireless devices relative to the non-disabled population.

Disability and accommodation in the healthcare workplace.

PubMed

Niccolini, Robert R; Basu, Nina

2009-04-01

Employers in the healthcare industry face unique challenges regarding compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Healthcare employers must reasonably accommodate employees in complex and often physically challenging positions, while ensuring safe and effective patient care. These challenges have become even more difficult with the recent passage of the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA), which significantly expands the definition and scope of "disability" under the ADA, and legislatively reverses several key Supreme Court decisions favorable to employers. Although the ultimate impact of the ADAAA remains to be determined, this article will help employers and their counsel understand how federal disability discrimination laws may affect their businesses going forward, with an analysis of the language of the ADAAA, case law under the ADA, and guidance from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

12 CFR 268.102 - Board program for equal employment opportunity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... sources of job candidates without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age or disability... community level with other employers, with schools and universities and with other public and private groups...

12 CFR 268.102 - Board program for equal employment opportunity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... sources of job candidates without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age or disability... community level with other employers, with schools and universities and with other public and private groups...

The nonlinear modified equation approach to analyzing finite difference schemes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klopfer, G. H.; Mcrae, D. S.

1981-01-01

The nonlinear modified equation approach is taken in this paper to analyze the generalized Lax-Wendroff explicit scheme approximation to the unsteady one- and two-dimensional equations of gas dynamics. Three important applications of the method are demonstrated. The nonlinear modified equation analysis is used to (1) generate higher order accurate schemes, (2) obtain more accurate estimates of the discretization error for nonlinear systems of partial differential equations, and (3) generate an adaptive mesh procedure for the unsteady gas dynamic equations. Results are obtained for all three areas. For the adaptive mesh procedure, mesh point requirements for equal resolution of discontinuities were reduced by a factor of five for a 1-D shock tube problem solved by the explicit MacCormack scheme.

On the convergence of difference approximations to scalar conservation laws

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Osher, S.; Tadmor, E.

1985-01-01

A unified treatment of explicit in time, two level, second order resolution, total variation diminishing, approximations to scalar conservation laws are presented. The schemes are assumed only to have conservation form and incremental form. A modified flux and a viscosity coefficient are introduced and results in terms of the latter are obtained. The existence of a cell entropy inequality is discussed and such an equality for all entropies is shown to imply that the scheme is an E scheme on monotone (actually more general) data, hence at most only first order accurate in general. Convergence for total variation diminishing-second order resolution schemes approximating convex or concave conservation laws is shown by enforcing a single discrete entropy inequality.

Modulation limit of semiconductor lasers by some parametric modulation schemes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iga, K.

1985-07-01

Using the simple rate equations and small signal analysis, the modulation speed limit of semiconductor lasers with modulation schemes such as gain switching, modulation of nonradiative recombination lifetime of minority carriers, and cavity Q modulation, is calculated and compared with the injection modulation scheme of Ikegami and Suematsu (1968). It is found that the maximum modulation frequency for the gain and Q modulation can exceed the resonance-like frequency by a factor equal to the coefficient of the time derivative of the modulation parameter, though the nonradiative lifetime modulation is not shown to be different from the injection modulation. A solution for the carrier lifetime modulation of LED is obtained, and the possibility of wideband modulation in this scheme is demonstrated.

Force sharing in high-power parallel servo-actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neal, T. P.

1974-01-01

The various existing force sharing schemes were examined by conducting a literature survey. A list of potentially applicable concepts was compiled from this survey, and a brief analysis was then made of each concept, which resulted in two competing schemes being selected for in-depth evaluation. A functional design of the equalization logic for the two schemes was undertaken and specific space shuttle application was chosen for experimental evaluation. The application was scaled down so that existing hardware could be utilized. Next, an analog computer study was conducted to evaluate the more important characteristics of the two competing force sharing schemes. On the basis of the computers study, a final configuration was selected. A load simulator was then designed to evaluate this configuration on actual hardware.

Beyond equality: Providing equitable care for persons with disabilities

PubMed Central

Wakeham, Scott; Heung, Sally; Lee, Janet; Sadowski, Cheryl A.

2017-01-01

Background: Almost 14% of Canadians have a disability, and older adults are most commonly affected. People living with disabilities have challenges accessing health care services, including medications and other services provided in pharmacies. Methods: A literature review was conducted regarding disability and pharmacy services. Resources regarding accessibility were also incorporated. Results: A number of organizations provide guidance on caring for those with disabilities. A primary concern for these vulnerable individuals relates to being invisible or overlooked by the health care system. There are also the stresses of physical, communication and attitudinal barriers. Pharmacists may be unaware of these barriers and may actually be contributing to them. To understand their patients’ accessibility needs, pharmacists can consider physical and nonphysical barriers and engage in education, advocacy and communications training to improve their patient-centred care for individuals with disabilities. Discussion and Conclusion: Pharmacists can improve the care of individuals with disabilities by learning more about accessibility. Within the community pharmacy environment, there are physical and nonphysical interventions that pharmacists can implement to ensure that patient-centred care is prioritized. PMID:29163726

Employment Benefit Receipt Among Ontario Public Disability Benefit Recipients with a Disability Related to a Mental Disorder.

PubMed

Dewa, Carolyn S

2016-02-01

Using administrative data from the public long-term disability support program in Ontario, Canada, this paper examines the factors related to receipt of a paid employment benefit. These analyses include only ODSP beneficiaries who were primary beneficiaries, who had active files in March 2011 and who were <65 years of age and had a disability-related primary diagnosis (n = 253,492). About 9 % of primary beneficiaries received the employment benefit. Logistic regression results suggest that compared to those who have a disability related to a physical disorder, those who have a psychotic disorder (OR 1.125), a mood disorder (OR 1.139) or a developmental disability (OR 1.618) are significantly more likely to receive the benefit while those who have a substance use disorder were significantly less likely (OR 0.540). These results indicate that a proportion of people who receives public disability benefits are employed. In addition, all things being equal, people with mental disorders are more likely to use this type of program than people with physical disorders.

Patients', Family Members', and Professional Carers' Experiences of Psychoeducational Multifamily Groups for Participants with Intellectual Disabilities and Mental Illness.

PubMed

Bakken, Trine Lise; Sundby, Inger-Lise; Klevmoen, Gunn Helene

2017-02-01

There is a dearth of articles addressing psychoeducational multifamily groups for adults with intellectual disabilities. The objective of this study is to investigate the participants' experiences of being part of a group like this. The group intervention had been slightly modified due to the participants' intellectual disabilities. Four patients, their close relatives, and community professional caregivers were interviewed using a semi-structured scheme. The four patients had participated in different groups. Three of them had autism spectrum disorder in addition to intellectual disabilities and mental illness. None of the patients were in the most acute phase during the group intervention. Topics discussed in the group sessions encompassed friendship, personal economy, hygiene, understanding of mental illness, and the need for help. A basic meal was served at every group meeting. The experiences were favorable.

Observations and actions to ensure equal treatment of all candidates by the European Research Council

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rydin, Claudia Alves de Jesus; Farina Busto, Luis; El Mjiyad, Nadia; Kota, Jhansi; Thelen, Lionel

2017-04-01

The European Research Council (ERC), Europe's premiere funding agency for frontier research, views equality of opportunities as an important challenge. The ERC monitors closely gender figures on every call and has taken actions to tackle imbalances and potential unconscious biases. The ERC talk is focused on efforts made to understand and ensure equal treatment of all candidates, with particular focus on gender balance and with specific attention to geosciences. Data and statistics collected in running highly competitive and internationally recognised funding schemes are presented. Recent initiatives to tackle geographical imbalances will also be presented.

Optimized Signaling Method for High-Speed Transmission Channels with Higher Order Transfer Function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ševčík, Břetislav; Brančík, Lubomír; Kubíček, Michal

2017-08-01

In this paper, the selected results from testing of optimized CMOS friendly signaling method for high-speed communications over cables and printed circuit boards (PCBs) are presented and discussed. The proposed signaling scheme uses modified concept of pulse width modulated (PWM) signal which enables to better equalize significant channel losses during data high-speed transmission. Thus, the very effective signaling method to overcome losses in transmission channels with higher order transfer function, typical for long cables and multilayer PCBs, is clearly analyzed in the time and frequency domain. Experimental results of the measurements include the performance comparison of conventional PWM scheme and clearly show the great potential of the modified signaling method for use in low power CMOS friendly equalization circuits, commonly considered in modern communication standards as PCI-Express, SATA or in Multi-gigabit SerDes interconnects.

Disabled women׳s maternal and newborn health care in rural Nepal: A qualitative study

PubMed Central

Morrison, Joanna; Basnet, Machhindra; Budhathoki, Bharat; Adhikari, Dhruba; Tumbahangphe, Kirti; Manandhar, Dharma; Costello, Anthony; Groce, Nora

2014-01-01

Objective there is little evidence about disabled women׳s access to maternal and newborn health services in low-income countries and few studies consult disabled women themselves to understand their experience of care and care seeking. Our study explores disabled women׳s experiences of maternal and newborn care in rural Nepal. Design we used a qualitative methodology, using semi-structured interviews. Setting rural Makwanpur District of central Nepal. Participants we purposively sampled married women with different impairments who had delivered a baby in the past 10 years from different topographical areas of the district. We also interviewed maternal health workers. We compared our findings with a recent qualitative study of non-disabled women in the same district to explore the differences between disabled and non-disabled women. Findings married disabled women considered pregnancy and childbirth to be normal and preferred to deliver at home. Issues of quality, cost and lack of family support were as pertinent for disabled women as they were for their non-disabled peers. Health workers felt unprepared to meet the maternal health needs of disabled women. Key conclusions and implications for practice integration of disability into existing Skilled Birth Attendant training curricula may improve maternal health care for disabled women. There is a need to monitor progress of interventions that encourage institutional delivery through the use of disaggregated data, to check that disabled women are benefiting equally in efforts to improve access to maternal health care. PMID:24768318

Disabled women׳s maternal and newborn health care in rural Nepal: a qualitative study.

PubMed

Morrison, Joanna; Basnet, Machhindra; Budhathoki, Bharat; Adhikari, Dhruba; Tumbahangphe, Kirti; Manandhar, Dharma; Costello, Anthony; Groce, Nora

2014-11-01

there is little evidence about disabled women׳s access to maternal and newborn health services in low-income countries and few studies consult disabled women themselves to understand their experience of care and care seeking. Our study explores disabled women׳s experiences of maternal and newborn care in rural Nepal. we used a qualitative methodology, using semi-structured interviews. rural Makwanpur District of central Nepal. we purposively sampled married women with different impairments who had delivered a baby in the past 10 years from different topographical areas of the district. We also interviewed maternal health workers. We compared our findings with a recent qualitative study of non-disabled women in the same district to explore the differences between disabled and non-disabled women. married disabled women considered pregnancy and childbirth to be normal and preferred to deliver at home. Issues of quality, cost and lack of family support were as pertinent for disabled women as they were for their non-disabled peers. Health workers felt unprepared to meet the maternal health needs of disabled women. integration of disability into existing Skilled Birth Attendant training curricula may improve maternal health care for disabled women. There is a need to monitor progress of interventions that encourage institutional delivery through the use of disaggregated data, to check that disabled women are benefiting equally in efforts to improve access to maternal health care. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Disability inclusion in higher education in Uganda: Status and strategies

PubMed Central

Emong, Paul

2016-01-01

Background Uganda has embraced inclusive education and evidently committed itself to bringing about disability inclusion at every level of education. Both legal and non-legal frameworks have been adopted and arguably are in line with the intent of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) on education. The CRPD, in Article 24, requires states to attain a right to education for persons with disabilities without discrimination and on the basis of equal opportunities at all levels of education. Objectives Despite Uganda’s robust disability legal and policy framework on education, there is evidence of exclusion and discrimination of students with disabilities in the higher education institutions. The main objective of this article is to explore the status of disability inclusion in higher education and strategies for its realisation, using evidence from Emong’s study, workshop proceedings where the authors facilitated and additional individual interviews with four students with disabilities by the authors. Results The results show that there are discrimination and exclusion tendencies in matters related to admissions, access to lectures, assessment and examinations, access to library services, halls of residence and other disability support services. Conclusion The article recommends that institutional policies and guidelines on support services for students with disabilities and special needs in higher education be developed, data on students with disabilities collected to help planning, collaboration between Disabled Peoples Organisations (DPO’s) strengthened to ensure disability inclusion and the establishment of disability support centres. PMID:28730044

The First Sexual Experience Among Adolescent Girls With and Without Disabilities

PubMed Central

Shandra, Carrie L.; Chowdhury, Afra R.

2014-01-01

First sexual intercourse is an important experience in the young adult life course. While previous research has examined racial, gender, and socioeconomic differences in the characteristics of first sexual intercourse, less is known about differences by disability status. Using a racially diverse (27% Black, 20% Hispanic, and 53% non-Hispanic white) sample of 2,729 adolescent girls aged 12–24 at first sexual intercourse from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this article examines the association between disability and type of first sexual relationship, degree of discussion about birth control, and pregnancy wantedness. Regression analyses indicate that girls with mild or learning or emotional disabilities experience first sexual intercourse in different types of relationships than girls without disabilities. Adolescents with learning or emotional conditions have greater levels of discussion about birth control with their first sexual partners than those without disabilities. In addition, among those who do not use birth control at first sexual intercourse, girls with multiple or seriously limiting conditions are more likely to want a pregnancy—versus not want a pregnancy—at first sexual intercourse. Findings indicate that disability status is important to consider when examining adolescent sexuality; however, not all youth with disabilities have equal experiences. PMID:21559882

Do U.S. States’ Socioeconomic and Policy Contexts Shape Adult Disability?

PubMed Central

Hayward, Mark D.; Wolf, Douglas A.

2017-01-01

Growing disparities in adult mortality across U.S. states point to the importance of assessing disparities in other domains of health. Here, we estimate state-level differences in disability, and draw on the WHO socio-ecological framework to assess the role of ecological factors in explaining these differences. Our study is based on data from 5.5 million adults aged 25–94 years in the 2010–2014 waves of the American Community Survey. Disability is defined as difficulty with mobility, independent living, self-care, vision, hearing, or cognition. We first provide estimates of age-standardized and age-specific disability prevalence by state. We then estimate multilevel models to assess how states’ socioeconomic and policy contexts shape the probability of having a disability. Age-standardized disability prevalence differs markedly by state, from 12.9% in North Dakota and Minnesota to 23.5% in West Virginia. Disability was lower in states with stronger economic output, more income equality, longer histories of tax credits for low-income workers, and higher cigarette taxes (for middle-age women), net of individuals’ socio-demographic characteristics. States’ socioeconomic and policy contexts appear particularly important for older adults. Findings underscore the importance of socio-ecological influences on disability. PMID:28219027

Equal Opportunity and Accessibility | Oregon State University Extension

Science.gov Websites

discrimination based on age, color, disability, familial or parental status, gender identity or expression inclusion for people with a wide range of needs. People who benefit include those with: Vision, hearing, or

75 FR 60249 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Equal Opportunity for Veterans

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-29

... Secretary of Labor (see http://www.dol.gov/ofccp/regs/compliance/posters/ofccpost.htm . (b) The Act requires... ). 22.1307 [Amended] 0 9. Amend section 22.1307 by removing the words ``Special Disabled Veterans...

Introducing an Equal Rights Framework for Older Persons in Residential Care

PubMed Central

Jönson, Håkan; Harnett, Tove

2016-01-01

This article reconceptualizes residential care for older persons by introducing a framework developed from a rights-based principle of disability policies: the normalization principle. This principle is part of the social model and states that society should make available for people who have impairments living conditions that are as close as possible to those of “others.” Using the framework on the case of eldercare in Sweden shows that although disability policies have used people without impairments as a comparative (external) reference group for claiming rights, eldercare policies use internal reference groups, basing comparisons on other care users. The article highlights the need for external comparisons in eldercare and suggests that the third age, which so far has been a normative reference group for older people, could be a comparative reference group when older persons in need of care claim rights to equal conditions. PMID:26035884

Awareness about the persons with disability act among leprosy patients and other disabled persons.

PubMed

Robins, R; Martin, D; Raj, K Durai; Raju, M S

2006-01-01

To assess the level of awareness about the different provisions of the Persons with Disability Act (PWD Act) among leprosy patients and other disabled, 233 disabled persons from the self-help groups formed by Vadathorasalur Leprosy Control Unit have been interviewed using a structured interview checklist. The results show that 74.7% of the respondents were aware that identity cards are available for the disabled, 56.2% were aware of the free education benefit to the disabled, as low as 35.6% were aware of the scholarships, 33% knew about the employment reservations, 24.9% heard about the housing scheme of the government for the disabled, but 24.5% only knew about law against discrimination, 31.8% came in contact with institutions for the severely disabled and only 16% were aware of the unemployment allowance to the disabled. The level of awareness is low among women with regard to all components of the Act. It was found that students studying up to secondary level were not aware of the availability of scholarships and free education, which needs to be seriously looked into, especially by educational institutions. The level of formal education played a significant role in increasing awareness about the Act among literates. The knowledge is low among persons of all occupations. The study showed that there is a great need for an educational intervention programme to publicize the provisions of the Act among the disabled and their families.

Factor validity and reliability of the aberrant behavior checklist-community (ABC-C) in an Indian population with intellectual disability.

PubMed

Lehotkay, R; Saraswathi Devi, T; Raju, M V R; Bada, P K; Nuti, S; Kempf, N; Carminati, G Galli

2015-03-01

In this study realised in collaboration with the department of psychology and parapsychology of Andhra University, validation of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C) in Telugu, the official language of Andhra Pradesh, one of India's 28 states, was carried out. To assess the factor validity and reliability of this Telugu version, 120 participants with moderate to profound intellectual disability (94 men and 26 women, mean age 25.2, SD 7.1) were rated by the staff of the Lebenshilfe Institution for Mentally Handicapped in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Rating data were analysed with a confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. To confirm the test-retest reliability, 50 participants were rated twice with an interval of 4 weeks, and 50 were rated by pairs of raters to assess inter-rater reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was equal to 0.06, the comparative fit index (CFI) was equal to 0.77, and the Tucker Lewis index (TLI) was equal to 0.77, which indicated that the model with five correlated factors had a good fit. Coefficient alpha ranged from 0.85 to 0.92 across the five subscales. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients for inter-rater reliability tests ranged from 0.65 to 0.75, and the correlations for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.58 to 0.76. All reliability coefficients were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The factor validity and reliability of Telugu version of the ABC-C evidenced factor validity and reliability comparable to the original English version and appears to be useful for assessing behaviour disorders in Indian people with intellectual disabilities. © 2014 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The stigma of disability: Croatian experiences.

PubMed

Buljevac, Marko; Majdak, Marijana; Leutar, Zdravka

2012-01-01

The aim of this paper is to get an insight into understanding the stigma of disability based on the experience and perception of people with disabilities and professionals who work with them. Qualitative research methods were used with two focus groups: one with people with disabilities (five participants) and other with professionals (seven participants). After data were collected, a qualitative content analysis was made. The results indicated that participants perceived and experienced stigma of disability through intrinsic and extrinsic elements of stigmatization. The intrinsic elements refer to the feeling of being different as a result of negative attitudes, prejudices and stereotypes. The extrinsic elements derive from the relationship of the system towards people with disabilities: discrimination and labelling. Some of the major findings of this research are that the stigma of disability is shown through the inability of the people with disabilities to make their own decisions, the perception of the disability as the main feature of the person, the lack of criteria during education, perceiving disability as a precondition in choosing a partner and parental capability, parents' decision-making about their children's lives, overprotection and stigmatization in education and employment. Stigmatization leads to social exclusion and influences the quality of life. The stigma of disability is manifested through the impossibility of realizing basic human rights, of living life independently and of taking equal part in a local community.

Same law-same rights? Analyzing why Sweden's disability legislation failed to create equal rights in mental health.

PubMed

Maycraft Kall, Wendy

2014-01-01

This article analyzed the apparent paradox of disability rights in Sweden. Despite strong welfare state traditions and stated Government ambitions to create generous statutory entitlements for all disabled people using a single, comprehensive Disability Act, psychiatric disabilities were principally excluded from the Disability Act's rights and provisions. The study focused on Sweden's Mental Health Reform and Disability Reform using governance perspectives that traced and analyzed the policy-processes of both reforms. Theoretically guided analytical frameworks were developed to help understand the divergent reform outcomes. The first focused on legislative arguments of regulatory specificity and legal enforcement mechanisms to consider whether the Disability Act was formulated in a manner that was easier to apply to certain disabilities. The second analyzed ideological arguments and the influence of Government political beliefs that signaled specific reform 'visions' to implementers and thereby influenced policy implementation. The main findings are that both perspectives matter as the dual influences of legislative and ideological differences tended to exclude mental health service users from the Act's generous disability rights. The overall conclusion was that while legislation was an important regulatory mechanism, the Government's underlying ideological reform vision was also an essential governance instrument that signaled Government intentions to implementing agencies and thus influenced the creation of enduring disability rights. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Burnt Matchstick

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Passaretti, Davide; Vistocco, Domenico

2017-01-01

In an informal study, two versions of a story involving probability are introduced to undergraduates. The findings reveal that students have troubles detecting equal probabilities in a sampling scheme without replacement in which no information on earlier draws is available.

Analysis of reaction schemes using maximum rates of constituent steps

PubMed Central

Motagamwala, Ali Hussain; Dumesic, James A.

2016-01-01

We show that the steady-state kinetics of a chemical reaction can be analyzed analytically in terms of proposed reaction schemes composed of series of steps with stoichiometric numbers equal to unity by calculating the maximum rates of the constituent steps, rmax,i, assuming that all of the remaining steps are quasi-equilibrated. Analytical expressions can be derived in terms of rmax,i to calculate degrees of rate control for each step to determine the extent to which each step controls the rate of the overall stoichiometric reaction. The values of rmax,i can be used to predict the rate of the overall stoichiometric reaction, making it possible to estimate the observed reaction kinetics. This approach can be used for catalytic reactions to identify transition states and adsorbed species that are important in controlling catalyst performance, such that detailed calculations using electronic structure calculations (e.g., density functional theory) can be carried out for these species, whereas more approximate methods (e.g., scaling relations) are used for the remaining species. This approach to assess the feasibility of proposed reaction schemes is exact for reaction schemes where the stoichiometric coefficients of the constituent steps are equal to unity and the most abundant adsorbed species are in quasi-equilibrium with the gas phase and can be used in an approximate manner to probe the performance of more general reaction schemes, followed by more detailed analyses using full microkinetic models to determine the surface coverages by adsorbed species and the degrees of rate control of the elementary steps. PMID:27162366

Analysis of reaction schemes using maximum rates of constituent steps

DOE PAGES

Motagamwala, Ali Hussain; Dumesic, James A.

2016-05-09

In this paper, we show that the steady-state kinetics of a chemical reaction can be analyzed analytically in terms of proposed reaction schemes composed of series of steps with stoichiometric numbers equal to unity by calculating the maximum rates of the constituent steps, r max,i, assuming that all of the remaining steps are quasi-equilibrated. Analytical expressions can be derived in terms of r max,i to calculate degrees of rate control for each step to determine the extent to which each step controls the rate of the overall stoichiometric reaction. The values of r max,i can be used to predict themore » rate of the overall stoichiometric reaction, making it possible to estimate the observed reaction kinetics. This approach can be used for catalytic reactions to identify transition states and adsorbed species that are important in controlling catalyst performance, such that detailed calculations using electronic structure calculations (e.g., density functional theory) can be carried out for these species, whereas more approximate methods (e.g., scaling relations) are used for the remaining species. Finally, this approach to assess the feasibility of proposed reaction schemes is exact for reaction schemes where the stoichiometric coefficients of the constituent steps are equal to unity and the most abundant adsorbed species are in quasi-equilibrium with the gas phase and can be used in an approximate manner to probe the performance of more general reaction schemes, followed by more detailed analyses using full microkinetic models to determine the surface coverages by adsorbed species and the degrees of rate control of the elementary steps.« less

Unconditionally secure commitment in position-based quantum cryptography.

PubMed

Nadeem, Muhammad

2014-10-27

A new commitment scheme based on position-verification and non-local quantum correlations is presented here for the first time in literature. The only credential for unconditional security is the position of committer and non-local correlations generated; neither receiver has any pre-shared data with the committer nor does receiver require trusted and authenticated quantum/classical channels between him and the committer. In the proposed scheme, receiver trusts the commitment only if the scheme itself verifies position of the committer and validates her commitment through non-local quantum correlations in a single round. The position-based commitment scheme bounds committer to reveal valid commitment within allocated time and guarantees that the receiver will not be able to get information about commitment unless committer reveals. The scheme works for the commitment of both bits and qubits and is equally secure against committer/receiver as well as against any third party who may have interests in destroying the commitment. Our proposed scheme is unconditionally secure in general and evades Mayers and Lo-Chau attacks in particular.

Multi-criteria decision aid approach for the selection of the best compromise management scheme for ELVs: the case of Cyprus.

PubMed

Mergias, I; Moustakas, K; Papadopoulos, A; Loizidou, M

2007-08-25

Each alternative scheme for treating a vehicle at its end of life has its own consequences from a social, environmental, economic and technical point of view. Furthermore, the criteria used to determine these consequences are often contradictory and not equally important. In the presence of multiple conflicting criteria, an optimal alternative scheme never exists. A multiple-criteria decision aid (MCDA) method to aid the Decision Maker (DM) in selecting the best compromise scheme for the management of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) is presented in this paper. The constitution of a set of alternatives schemes, the selection of a list of relevant criteria to evaluate these alternative schemes and the choice of an appropriate management system are also analyzed in this framework. The proposed procedure relies on the PROMETHEE method which belongs to the well-known family of multiple criteria outranking methods. For this purpose, level, linear and Gaussian functions are used as preference functions.

The Paralympic Movement: using sports to promote health, disability rights, and social integration for athletes with disabilities.

PubMed

Blauwet, Cheri; Willick, Stuart E

2012-11-01

Competitive sports for people with disabilities has grown rapidly over the past several decades, and opportunities for participation are increasingly available throughout the spectrum from developmental to elite. The Paralympic Games, seen as the pinnacle sporting event that represents the broader Paralympic Movement, has provided a platform to showcase the abilities of people with disabilities while also serving as a catalyst for disability rights through ensuring integration, equality of opportunity, and accessibility of the built environment. Concurrently, media coverage of the Paralympic Games has led to an increased awareness of opportunities for sport participation for individuals with disabilities and, with it, the adjustment of norms regarding expectations for exercise as a component of preventive health. In addition, there is evidence of the power of sports to stimulate confidence, self-efficacy, and a self-perceived high quality of life for individuals with disabilities above and beyond the basic benefits to cardiometabolic fitness. When taken together, the promotion of health, disability rights, and social integration through sports has the power to transform the lives of those who participate and to further stimulate the expansion of opportunities available to the next generation of athletes with disabilities. Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Age at Death in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities.

PubMed

Arvio, Maria; Salokivi, Tommi; Bjelogrlic-Laakso, Nina

2017-07-01

We aimed to ascertain the average age at death (AD) in the intellectual disability population for each gender and compare them to those of the general population during 1970-2012. By analysing medical records, we calculated the ADs of all deceased clients (N = 1236) of two district organizations responsible for intellectual disability services. Statistics Finland's database generated data regarding ADs of all inhabitants who had died after having resided in same district. During the follow-up, average ADs for the intellectual disability population and general population increased, and simultaneously the AD difference between these populations decreased. In the 2000s, the AD difference between the intellectual disability population and the whole population was 22 years for men (95% CI: -24 to -20) and 30 years for women (95% CI: -33 to -27). In 2000s, the mean AD of those with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability (IQ 50-69) for women and men was 56 (SD17) and 54 (SD18), and those with severe to profound intellectual disability (IQ<50), 44 (SD23) and 43 (SD21). Intellectual disability is still a considerable risk factor for early death. Among the intellectual disability population, unlike in general population, the lifespans of women and men are equal. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Vexatious Litigants and the ADA: Strategies to Fairly Address the Need to Improve Access for Individuals with Disabilities.

PubMed

Hull, Helia Garrido

2016-01-01

This Article addresses the need to reform the ADA to prevent vexatious litigation and to promote the underlying goals of the Act. Part I of this Article introduces the topic of vexatious litigation and the importance of remedying the effects of exploitation of the ADA. Part II provides an overview of the ADA and its efforts to increase accessibility to individuals with disabilities, emphasizing the provisions of the Act that create incentives to engage in vexatious litigation. Part III examines and analyzes the judiciary's response to vexatious litigation under the ADA, and sanctions that have been issued to limit exploitation. Finally, Part IV provides recommendations to reform the ADA and state disability law counterparts, suggests corrective actions to address vexatious litigation, and identifies methods to promote equality for individuals with disabilities.

Using Thin-Film Thermometers as Heaters in Thermal Control Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cho, Hyung J.; Penanen, Konstantin; Sukhatme, Kalyani G.; Holmes, Warren A.; Courts, Scott

2010-01-01

A cryogenic sensor maintains calibration at approximately equal to 4.2 K to better than 2 mK (< 0.5 percent resistance repeatability) after being heated to approximately equal 40 K with approximately equal 0.5 W power. The sensor withstands 4 W power dissipation when immersed in liquid nitrogen with verified resistance reproducibility of, at worst, 1 percent. The sensor maintains calibration to 0.1 percent after being heated with 1-W power at approximately equal 77 K for a period of 48 hours. When operated with a readout scheme that is capable of mitigating the self-heating calibration errors, this and similar sensors can be used for precision (mK stability) temperature control without the need of separate heaters and associated wiring/cabling.

On the electrophilic character of molecules through its relation with electronegativity and chemical hardness.

PubMed

Islam, Nazmul; Ghosh, Dulal C

2012-01-01

Electrophilicity is an intrinsic property of atoms and molecules. It probably originates logistically with the involvement in the physical process of electrostatics of soaked charge in electronic shells and the screened nuclear charge of atoms. Motivated by the existing view of conceptual density functional theory that similar to electronegativity and hardness equalization, there should be a physical process of equalization of electrophilicity during the chemical process of formation of hetero nuclear molecules, we have developed a new theoretical scheme and formula for evaluating the electrophilicity of hetero nuclear molecules. A comparative study with available bench marking reveals that the hypothesis of electrophilicity and equalization, and the present method of evaluating equalized electrophilicity, are scientifically promising.

On the Electrophilic Character of Molecules Through Its Relation with Electronegativity and Chemical Hardness

PubMed Central

Islam, Nazmul; Ghosh, Dulal C.

2012-01-01

Electrophilicity is an intrinsic property of atoms and molecules. It probably originates logistically with the involvement in the physical process of electrostatics of soaked charge in electronic shells and the screened nuclear charge of atoms. Motivated by the existing view of conceptual density functional theory that similar to electronegativity and hardness equalization, there should be a physical process of equalization of electrophilicity during the chemical process of formation of hetero nuclear molecules, we have developed a new theoretical scheme and formula for evaluating the electrophilicity of hetero nuclear molecules. A comparative study with available bench marking reveals that the hypothesis of electrophilicity and equalization, and the present method of evaluating equalized electrophilicity, are scientifically promising. PMID:22408445

Relationship between stressfulness of claiming for injury compensation and long-term recovery: a prospective cohort study.

PubMed

Grant, Genevieve M; O'Donnell, Meaghan L; Spittal, Matthew J; Creamer, Mark; Studdert, David M

2014-04-01

Each year, millions of persons worldwide seek compensation for transport accident and workplace injuries. Previous research suggests that these claimants have worse long-term health outcomes than persons whose injuries fall outside compensation schemes. However, existing studies have substantial methodological weaknesses and have not identified which aspects of the claiming experience may drive these effects. To determine aspects of claims processes that claimants to transport accident and workers' compensation schemes find stressful and whether such stressful experiences are associated with poorer long-term recovery. Prospective cohort study of a random sample of 1010 patients hospitalized in 3 Australian states for injuries from 2004 through 2006. At 6-year follow-up, we interviewed 332 participants who had claimed compensation from transport accident and workers' compensation schemes ("claimants") to determine which aspects of the claiming experience they found stressful. We used multivariable regression analysis to test for associations between compensation-related stress and health status at 6 years, adjusting for baseline determinants of long-term health status and predisposition to stressful experiences (via propensity scores). Disability, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Among claimants, 33.9% reported high levels of stress associated with understanding what they needed to do for their claim; 30.4%, with claim delays; 26.9%, with the number of medical assessments; and 26.1%, with the amount of compensation they received. Six years after their injury, claimants who reported high levels of stress had significantly higher levels of disability (+6.94 points, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule sum score), anxiety and depression (+1.89 points and +2.61 points, respectively, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and lower quality of life (-0.73 points, World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument, overall item), compared with other claimants. Adjusting for claimants' vulnerability to stress attenuated the strength of these associations, but most remained strong and statistically significant. Many claimants experience high levels of stress from engaging with injury compensation schemes, and this experience is positively correlated with poor long-term recovery. Intervening early to boost resilience among those at risk of stressful claims experiences and redesigning compensation processes to reduce their stressfulness may improve recovery and save money.

29 CFR 1640.12 - Standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATING THE INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS OR CHARGES OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION BASED ON DISABILITY SUBJECT TO THE AMERICANS... 504 has been violated in a complaint alleging employment discrimination shall be the standards applied...

The Legal Scene to Come: The Gray Nineties.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaplan, Rochelle K.

1990-01-01

Reviews legal challenges that employers are likely to face in the 1990s. Issues discussed include discriminatory recruiting, harassment, globalization and equal employment opportunity laws, wrongful discharge and drug testing, disabilities, family/work legislation, and state legislation. (TE)

Need for an Australian Indigenous disability workforce strategy: review of the literature.

PubMed

Gilroy, John; Dew, Angela; Lincoln, Michelle; Hines, Monique

2017-08-01

To identify approaches for developing workforce capacity to deliver the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) to Indigenous people with disability in Australian rural and remote communities. A narrative review of peer-reviewed and gray literature was undertaken. Searches of electronic databases and websites of key government and non-government organizations were used to supplement the authors' knowledge of literature that (a) focused on Indigenous peoples in Australia or other countries; (b) referred to people with disability; (c) considered rural/remote settings; (d) recommended workforce strategies; and (e) was published in English between 2004 and 2014. Recommended workforce strategies in each publication were summarized in a narrative synthesis. Six peer-reviewed articles and 12 gray publications met inclusion criteria. Three broad categories of workforce strategies were identified: (a) community-based rehabilitation (CBR) and community-centered approaches; (b) cultural training for all workers; and (c) development of an Indigenous disability workforce. An Indigenous disability workforce strategy based on community-centered principles and incorporating cultural training and Indigenous disability workforce development may help to ensure that Indigenous people with a disability in rural and remote communities benefit from current disability sector reforms. Indigenous workforce development requires strategies to attract and retain Aboriginal workers. Implications for Rehabilitation Indigenous people with disability living in rural and remote areas experience significant access and equity barriers to culturally appropriate supports and services that enable them to live independent, socially inclusive lives. A workforce strategy based on community-centered principles has potential for ensuring that the disability services sector meets the rehabilitation needs of Aboriginal people with disability living in rural and remote areas. Cultural training and development of an Indigenous disability workforce may help to ensure a culturally safe disability services sector and workforce.

Rate- and accuracy-disabled subtype profiles among adults with dyslexia in the Hebrew orthography.

PubMed

Shany, Michal; Breznitz, Zvia

2011-01-01

This study examined a subtyping scheme rooted in the dissociation between reading rate and accuracy in an exceptionally large sample of adult readers with dyslexia using a wide variety of behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures. Stage 1 was a behavioral study, in which basic reading skill, reading comprehension, linguistic and cognitive tasks were administered to 661 learning-disabled university students (n = 382) and their non-learning-disabled peers (n = 279). Based on a word reading measure, accuracy-disabled and rate-disabled subgroups were identified, as was a subgroup with deficits in both rate and accuracy. The results support the persistence of a rate versus accuracy dissociation into adulthood. Accuracy disability was related to a broad range of deficits affecting phonological, orthographic, and morphological processing, verbal memory, attention, and reading comprehension. Rate disability appeared to be associated with slower processing of printed material, alongside largely intact functioning resembling those of skilled readers. In stage 2, electroencephalogram (EEG)-ERP measurements were obtained from 140 participants recruited from the larger sample. Activation in visual association cortex, indicated by the N170 amplitude, was found to be lower for accuracy-disabled than skilled readers, and comparable between rate-disabled and skilled readers. The lowest amplitude was found in the double-deficit subgroup. The findings support the existence of distinctive reading disability profiles, based on selective deficits in reading rate versus accuracy and associated with different basic reading, linguistic, and cognitive skills as well as electrophysiological responses.

Work status and disability trajectories over 12 months after injury among workers in New Zealand.

PubMed

Langley, John; Lilley, Rebbecca; Samaranayaka, Ari; Derrett, Sarah

2014-03-07

To describe work and disability trajectories over 12 months following injury among workers. Workers injured at work or elsewhere (n=2626) were sourced from the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study, a longitudinal cohort study in New Zealand, with the primary objective of identifying factors associated with disability following injury. Work and disability status was assessed at 3- and 12-months post injury. The measure of disability was the brief WHODAS II 12-item instrument. Participants were dichotomised into 'disability' or 'no disability' groups based on whether their WHODAS score was greater than, or equal to, 10. In terms of 12-month work status, there are 16 different scenarios. These were grouped into 4 categories: sustained work (SW), delayed return to work (RTW), non-sustained RTW, and sustained off-work. We had complete information for 1975 workers. The largest group (68%) was SW, 32% of which had disability at either time point. The second largest group consisted of 17% of workers who were classified as delayed RTW, 76% of whom were disabled at either time point. Among the non-sustained RTW group (7%), 52% had disability at either time point. Of the sustained off-work group (8%), 80% were disabled at either 3- or 12-months. Although return to work is a useful provider performance indicator of injury compensation and rehabilitation it is inadequate from a wider societal perspective and needs to be complemented by other important outcome measures such as disability status.

A co-designed equalization, modulation, and coding scheme

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peile, Robert E.

1992-01-01

The commercial impact and technical success of Trellis Coded Modulation seems to illustrate that, if Shannon's capacity is going to be neared, the modulation and coding of an analogue signal ought to be viewed as an integrated process. More recent work has focused on going beyond the gains obtained for Average White Gaussian Noise and has tried to combine the coding/modulation with adaptive equalization. The motive is to gain similar advances on less perfect or idealized channels.

A Latency and Coverage Optimized Data Collection Scheme for Smart Cities Based on Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

PubMed Central

Xu, Yixuan; Chen, Xi; Liu, Anfeng; Hu, Chunhua

2017-01-01

Using mobile vehicles as “data mules” to collect data generated by a huge number of sensing devices that are widely spread across smart city is considered to be an economical and effective way of obtaining data about smart cities. However, currently most research focuses on the feasibility of the proposed methods instead of their final performance. In this paper, a latency and coverage optimized data collection (LCODC) scheme is proposed to collect data on smart cities through opportunistic routing. Compared with other schemes, the efficiency of data collection is improved since the data flow in LCODC scheme consists of not only vehicle to device transmission (V2D), but also vehicle to vehicle transmission (V2V). Besides, through data mining on patterns hidden in the smart city, waste and redundancy in the utilization of public resources are mitigated, leading to the easy implementation of our scheme. In detail, no extra supporting device is needed in the LCODC scheme to facilitate data transmission. A large-scale and real-world dataset on Beijing is used to evaluate the LCODC scheme. Results indicate that with very limited costs, the LCODC scheme enables the average latency to decrease from several hours to around 12 min with respect to schemes where V2V transmission is disabled while the coverage rate is able to reach over 30%. PMID:28420218

A Latency and Coverage Optimized Data Collection Scheme for Smart Cities Based on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks.

PubMed

Xu, Yixuan; Chen, Xi; Liu, Anfeng; Hu, Chunhua

2017-04-18

Using mobile vehicles as "data mules" to collect data generated by a huge number of sensing devices that are widely spread across smart city is considered to be an economical and effective way of obtaining data about smart cities. However, currently most research focuses on the feasibility of the proposed methods instead of their final performance. In this paper, a latency and coverage optimized data collection (LCODC) scheme is proposed to collect data on smart cities through opportunistic routing. Compared with other schemes, the efficiency of data collection is improved since the data flow in LCODC scheme consists of not only vehicle to device transmission (V2D), but also vehicle to vehicle transmission (V2V). Besides, through data mining on patterns hidden in the smart city, waste and redundancy in the utilization of public resources are mitigated, leading to the easy implementation of our scheme. In detail, no extra supporting device is needed in the LCODC scheme to facilitate data transmission. A large-scale and real-world dataset on Beijing is used to evaluate the LCODC scheme. Results indicate that with very limited costs, the LCODC scheme enables the average latency to decrease from several hours to around 12 min with respect to schemes where V2V transmission is disabled while the coverage rate is able to reach over 30%.

Adaptive learning in complex reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces employing Wirtinger's subgradients.

PubMed

Bouboulis, Pantelis; Slavakis, Konstantinos; Theodoridis, Sergios

2012-03-01

This paper presents a wide framework for non-linear online supervised learning tasks in the context of complex valued signal processing. The (complex) input data are mapped into a complex reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), where the learning phase is taking place. Both pure complex kernels and real kernels (via the complexification trick) can be employed. Moreover, any convex, continuous and not necessarily differentiable function can be used to measure the loss between the output of the specific system and the desired response. The only requirement is the subgradient of the adopted loss function to be available in an analytic form. In order to derive analytically the subgradients, the principles of the (recently developed) Wirtinger's calculus in complex RKHS are exploited. Furthermore, both linear and widely linear (in RKHS) estimation filters are considered. To cope with the problem of increasing memory requirements, which is present in almost all online schemes in RKHS, the sparsification scheme, based on projection onto closed balls, has been adopted. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in a non-linear channel identification task, a non-linear channel equalization problem and a quadrature phase shift keying equalization scheme, using both circular and non circular synthetic signal sources.

Exploring the role of voluntary disease schemes on UK farmer bio-security behaviours: Findings from the Norfolk-Suffolk Bovine Viral Diarrhoea control scheme.

PubMed

Azbel-Jackson, Lena; Heffernan, Claire; Gunn, George; Brownlie, Joe

2018-01-01

The article describes the influence of a disease control scheme (the Norfolk-Suffolk Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Disease (BVD) Eradication scheme) on farmers' bio-security attitudes and behaviours. In 2010, a survey of 100 cattle farmers (53 scheme members vs. 47 out of scheme farmers) was undertaken among cattle farmers residing in Norfolk and Suffolk counties in the UK. A cross-sectional independent measures design was employed. The main analytical tool was content analysis. The following variables at the farmer-level were explored: the specific BVD control measures adopted, livestock disease priorities, motivation for scheme membership, wider knowledge acquisition, biosecurity behaviours employed and training course attendance. The findings suggest that participation in the BVD scheme improved farmers' perception of the scheme benefits and participation in training courses. However, no association was found between the taking part in the BVD scheme and livestock disease priorities or motivation for scheme participation, or knowledge about BVD bio-security measures employed. Equally importantly, scheme membership did appear to influence the importance accorded specific bio-security measures. Yet such ranking did not appear to reflect the actual behaviours undertaken. As such, disease control efforts alone while necessary, are insufficient. Rather, to enhance farmer bio-security behaviours significant effort must be made to address underlying attitudes to the specific disease threat involved.

Exploring the role of voluntary disease schemes on UK farmer bio-security behaviours: Findings from the Norfolk-Suffolk Bovine Viral Diarrhoea control scheme

PubMed Central

Azbel-Jackson, Lena; Heffernan, Claire; Gunn, George; Brownlie, Joe

2018-01-01

The article describes the influence of a disease control scheme (the Norfolk-Suffolk Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Disease (BVD) Eradication scheme) on farmers' bio-security attitudes and behaviours. In 2010, a survey of 100 cattle farmers (53 scheme members vs. 47 out of scheme farmers) was undertaken among cattle farmers residing in Norfolk and Suffolk counties in the UK. A cross-sectional independent measures design was employed. The main analytical tool was content analysis. The following variables at the farmer-level were explored: the specific BVD control measures adopted, livestock disease priorities, motivation for scheme membership, wider knowledge acquisition, biosecurity behaviours employed and training course attendance. The findings suggest that participation in the BVD scheme improved farmers' perception of the scheme benefits and participation in training courses. However, no association was found between the taking part in the BVD scheme and livestock disease priorities or motivation for scheme participation, or knowledge about BVD bio-security measures employed. Equally importantly, scheme membership did appear to influence the importance accorded specific bio-security measures. Yet such ranking did not appear to reflect the actual behaviours undertaken. As such, disease control efforts alone while necessary, are insufficient. Rather, to enhance farmer bio-security behaviours significant effort must be made to address underlying attitudes to the specific disease threat involved. PMID:29432435

Perceived Discrimination and Emotional Reactions in People with Different Types of Disabilities: A Qualitative Approach.

PubMed

Pérez-Garín, Daniel; Recio, Patricia; Magallares, Alejandro; Molero, Fernando; García-Ael, Cristina

2018-05-15

The purpose of this study is to assess the discourse of people with disabilities regarding their perception of discrimination and stigma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten adults with physical disabilities, ten with hearing impairments and seven with visual impairments. The agreement between the coders showed an excellent reliability for all three groups, with kappa coefficients between .82 and .96. Differences were assessed between the three groups regarding the types of discrimination they experienced and their most frequent emotional responses. People with physical disabilities mainly reported being stared at, undervalued, and subtly discriminated at work, whereas people with hearing impairments mainly reported encountering barriers in leisure activities, and people with visual impairments spoke of a lack of equal opportunities, mockery and/or bullying, and overprotection. Regarding their emotional reactions, people with physical disabilities mainly reported feeling anxious and depressed, whereas people with hearing impairments reported feeling helpless, and people with visual impairments reported feeling anger and self-pity. Findings are relevant to guide future research and interventions on the stigma of disability.

Cluster Housing for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Emerson, Eric

2004-01-01

While there is extensive evidence on the overall benefits of deinstitutionalisation, the move from institutional care to providing accommodation and support in small to medium sized dispersed housing schemes has not gone uncontested. Recently, a number of commentators have argued for the development of cluster housing on the basis that it may…

Status of Disabled People in India--Policy and Inclusion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alur, Mithu

2002-01-01

This article addresses the contextual background of India's Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) and examines why the ICDS policy does not refer to individuals with special needs. It concludes that exclusion has been deeply rooted within the socio-political system. Policy shifts promoting sustainable strategies of inclusion are explored.…

[Guidelines for employment policies in Europe and national action plans: opportunities for people with disabilities].

PubMed

Niehaus, M

2000-06-01

The scourge of unemployment has been roundly identified throughout Europe as the most pressing social and economic problem on the current political agenda. At Luxembourg in November 1997, the European Jobs Summit brought Europe's leaders together in an historic occasion that mapped out employment guidelines for Europe. The Luxembourg Jobs Summit agreed a set of guidelines for the Member States employment policy under four pillars, employability, entrepreneurship, adaptability, and equal opportunities. One guideline referred to promoting integration of people with disabilities into working life. The Member States subsequently agreed to incorporate the Guidelines into national employment action plans. The question of this paper is, to what extent do employment guidelines and National Action Plans improve the opportunities of disabled persons? This paper seeks to establish a set of fundamental issues concerning employment and disability. Included in this analysis are recommendations in order to achieve a better presence of disabled people in National Action Plans in future.

Adaptive Aggregation Routing to Reduce Delay for Multi-Layer Wireless Sensor Networks.

PubMed

Li, Xujing; Liu, Anfeng; Xie, Mande; Xiong, Neal N; Zeng, Zhiwen; Cai, Zhiping

2018-04-16

The quality of service (QoS) regarding delay, lifetime and reliability is the key to the application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Data aggregation is a method to effectively reduce the data transmission volume and improve the lifetime of a network. In the previous study, a common strategy required that data wait in the queue. When the length of the queue is greater than or equal to the predetermined aggregation threshold ( N t ) or the waiting time is equal to the aggregation timer ( T t ), data are forwarded at the expense of an increase in the delay. The primary contributions of the proposed Adaptive Aggregation Routing (AAR) scheme are the following: (a) the senders select the forwarding node dynamically according to the length of the data queue, which effectively reduces the delay. In the AAR scheme, the senders send data to the nodes with a long data queue. The advantages are that first, the nodes with a long data queue need a small amount of data to perform aggregation; therefore, the transmitted data can be fully utilized to make these nodes aggregate. Second, this scheme balances the aggregating and data sending load; thus, the lifetime increases. (b) An improved AAR scheme is proposed to improve the QoS. The aggregation deadline ( T t ) and the aggregation threshold ( N t ) are dynamically changed in the network. In WSNs, nodes far from the sink have residual energy because these nodes transmit less data than the other nodes. In the improved AAR scheme, the nodes far from the sink have a small value of T t and N t to reduce delay, and the nodes near the sink are set to a large value of T t and N t to reduce energy consumption. Thus, the end to end delay is reduced, a longer lifetime is achieved, and the residual energy is fully used. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the previous scheme, the performance of the AAR scheme is improved. This scheme reduces the delay by 14.91%, improves the lifetime by 30.91%, and increases energy efficiency by 76.40%.

Adaptive Aggregation Routing to Reduce Delay for Multi-Layer Wireless Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Li, Xujing; Xie, Mande; Zeng, Zhiwen; Cai, Zhiping

2018-01-01

The quality of service (QoS) regarding delay, lifetime and reliability is the key to the application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Data aggregation is a method to effectively reduce the data transmission volume and improve the lifetime of a network. In the previous study, a common strategy required that data wait in the queue. When the length of the queue is greater than or equal to the predetermined aggregation threshold (Nt) or the waiting time is equal to the aggregation timer (Tt), data are forwarded at the expense of an increase in the delay. The primary contributions of the proposed Adaptive Aggregation Routing (AAR) scheme are the following: (a) the senders select the forwarding node dynamically according to the length of the data queue, which effectively reduces the delay. In the AAR scheme, the senders send data to the nodes with a long data queue. The advantages are that first, the nodes with a long data queue need a small amount of data to perform aggregation; therefore, the transmitted data can be fully utilized to make these nodes aggregate. Second, this scheme balances the aggregating and data sending load; thus, the lifetime increases. (b) An improved AAR scheme is proposed to improve the QoS. The aggregation deadline (Tt) and the aggregation threshold (Nt) are dynamically changed in the network. In WSNs, nodes far from the sink have residual energy because these nodes transmit less data than the other nodes. In the improved AAR scheme, the nodes far from the sink have a small value of Tt and Nt to reduce delay, and the nodes near the sink are set to a large value of Tt and Nt to reduce energy consumption. Thus, the end to end delay is reduced, a longer lifetime is achieved, and the residual energy is fully used. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the previous scheme, the performance of the AAR scheme is improved. This scheme reduces the delay by 14.91%, improves the lifetime by 30.91%, and increases energy efficiency by 76.40%. PMID:29659535

The organisational stressors encountered by athletes with a disability.

PubMed

Arnold, Rachel; Wagstaff, Christopher R D; Steadman, Lauren; Pratt, Yasmin

2017-06-01

Organisational stressors have been found to be prevalent and problematic for sport performers, with research identifying demographic differences in the stressors encountered. Nevertheless, extant sport psychology research on the topic of stress has generally focused on able-bodied athletes; whilst that which has been conducted on performers with a disability has typically recruited relatively small samples to explore a narrow selection of organisational stressors, or examined other components of the stress process. The purpose of the present study was to explore the various organisational stressors that athletes with a disability encounter. The sample comprised 18 elite athletes with a disability (10 male, 8 female) who had a classified disability and experience of competing at a major championships in their sport (e.g., Paralympic Games, World Championships). Participants took part in a semi-structured interview which was analysed by drawing from grounded theory procedures. A total of 316 organisational stressors were identified, which were abstracted into 31 concepts and four, previously conceptualised, exploratory schemes: leadership and personnel issues, cultural and team issues, logistical and environmental issues, and performance and personal issues. This study not only provides the first illustration of the prevalence of organisational stressors for athletes with a disability, but also significantly points to salient similarities and distinct differences between the stress experiences of performers with and without a disability.

Consumer choice among Mutual Healthcare Purchasers: a feasible option for China?

PubMed

Xu, Weiwei; van de Ven, Wynand P M M

2013-11-01

In its 2009 blue print of healthcare reform, the Chinese government aimed to create a competitive health insurance market in order to increase efficiency in the health insurance sector. A major advantage of a competitive health insurance market is that insurers are stimulated to act as well-motivated prudent purchasers of healthcare on behalf of their enrolees, and that consumers can choose among these purchasers. To emphasize the insurers' role of purchasers of care we denote them, as well as other entities that can fulfil this role (e.g. fundholding community health centres), as 'Mutual Healthcare Purchasers' (MHPs). As feasible proposals for creating competition in China's health insurance sector have yet to be made, we suggest two potential approaches to create competition among MHPs: (1) separating finance and operation of social health insurance and allowing consumer choice among operators of social health insurance schemes; (2) allowing consumer choice among fund-holding community health centres. Although the benefits of competition are widely accepted in China, the problematic consequences of a free competitive health insurance market - especially in relation to affordability and accessibility - are generally neglected. To solve the problems of lack of affordability and inaccessibility that would occur in the case of unregulated competition among MHPs, at least the following regulations are proposed to the Chinese policy makers: a 'standard benefit package' for basic health insurance, a 'risk-equalization scheme', and 'open enrolment'. Potential obstacles for implementing a risk equalization scheme are examined based on theoretical arguments and international experiences. We conclude that allowing consumer choice among MHPs and implementing a risk equalization scheme in China is politically and technically complex. Therefore, the Chinese government should prepare carefully for a market-oriented reform in its healthcare sector and adopt a strategic approach in the implementation procedure. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

29 CFR 1603.102 - Filing a complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR PREVIOUSLY EXEMPT STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE COMPLAINTS OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION UNDER SECTION 304 OF... discriminated against on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or genetic...

29 CFR 1603.102 - Filing a complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR PREVIOUSLY EXEMPT STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE COMPLAINTS OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION UNDER SECTION 304 OF... discriminated against on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or genetic...

29 CFR 1603.102 - Filing a complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR PREVIOUSLY EXEMPT STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE COMPLAINTS OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION UNDER SECTION 304 OF... discriminated against on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or genetic...

29 CFR 1603.102 - Filing a complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR PREVIOUSLY EXEMPT STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE COMPLAINTS OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION UNDER SECTION 304 OF... discriminated against on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or genetic...

29 CFR 1603.102 - Filing a complaint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR PREVIOUSLY EXEMPT STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE COMPLAINTS OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION UNDER SECTION 304 OF... discriminated against on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or genetic...

Medical, environmental and personal factors of disability in the elderly in Spain: a screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning.

PubMed

Virués-Ortega, Javier; de Pedro-Cuesta, Jesús; del Barrio, Jose Luis; Almazan-Isla, Javier; Bergareche, Alberto; Bermejo-Pareja, Felix; Fernández-Mayoralas, Gloria; García, Francisco Jose; Garre-Olmo, Josep; Gascon-Bayarri, Jordi; Mahillo, Ignacio; Martínez-Martín, Pablo; Mateos, Raimundo; Rodríguez, Fernanda; Rojo-Pérez, Fermina; Avellanal, Fuencisla; Saz, Pedro; Seijo-Martínez, Manuel

2011-12-01

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) advocates a multifactorial and multifaceted conceptualization of disability. The objective of this study was to ascertain major medical, environmental and personal determinants of severe/extreme disability among the elderly population in Spain. The assessment scheme was consistent with the ICF model of disability. Nine populations contributed probabilistic or geographically-defined samples following a two-phase screening design. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the 12-item version of the World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule, 2(nd) ed. (WHO-DAS II), were used as cognitive and disability screening tools, respectively. Positively screened individuals underwent clinical work-up for dementia and were administered the 36-item version of the WHO-DAS II to estimate ICF disability levels. We used logistic regression for the purposes of data combination, adjusted for age and sex in all analyses. The sample was composed of 503 participants aged ≥ 75 years. Alzheimeŕs disease and depression were highly predictive of severe/extreme disability (OR: 17.40, 3.71). Good access to social services was strongly associated with a low level or absence of disability (OR: 0.05 to 0.18). Very difficult access to services and having dementia or another psychiatric disorder were associated with an increase in disability (OR: 66.06). There was also a significant interaction effect between access to services and neurological disorders (OR: 12.74). Disability is highly prevalent among the Spanish elderly and is influenced by medical, social and personal factors. Disability could potentially be reduced by ensuring access to social services, preventing dementia and stroke, and treating depression. Copyright © 2011 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Eating well, living well and weight management: A co-produced semi-qualitative study of barriers and facilitators experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities.

PubMed

Doherty, A J; Jones, S P; Chauhan, U; Gibson, Jme

2018-01-01

Adults with intellectual disabilities in England experience health inequalities. They are more likely than their non-disabled peers to be obese and at risk of serious medical conditions such as heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. This semi-qualitative study engaged adults with intellectual disabilities in a co-production process to explore their perceived barriers and facilitators to eating well, living well and weight management. Nineteen participants with intellectual disabilities took part in four focus groups and one wider group discussion. They were supported by eight of their carers or support workers. Several barriers were identified including personal income restrictions, carers' and support workers' unmet training needs, a lack of accessible information, inaccessible services and societal barriers such as the widespread advertising of less healthy foodstuffs. A key theme of frustration with barriers emerged from analysis of participants' responses. Practical solutions suggested by participants included provision of clear and accessible healthy lifestyle information, reasonable adjustments to services, training, 'buddying' support systems or schemes and collaborative working to improve policy and practice.

Equalization and detection for digital communication over nonlinear bandlimited satellite communication channels. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gutierrez, Alberto, Jr.

1995-01-01

This dissertation evaluates receiver-based methods for mitigating the effects due to nonlinear bandlimited signal distortion present in high data rate satellite channels. The effects of the nonlinear bandlimited distortion is illustrated for digitally modulated signals. A lucid development of the low-pass Volterra discrete time model for a nonlinear communication channel is presented. In addition, finite-state machine models are explicitly developed for a nonlinear bandlimited satellite channel. A nonlinear fixed equalizer based on Volterra series has previously been studied for compensation of noiseless signal distortion due to a nonlinear satellite channel. This dissertation studies adaptive Volterra equalizers on a downlink-limited nonlinear bandlimited satellite channel. We employ as figure of merits performance in the mean-square error and probability of error senses. In addition, a receiver consisting of a fractionally-spaced equalizer (FSE) followed by a Volterra equalizer (FSE-Volterra) is found to give improvement beyond that gained by the Volterra equalizer. Significant probability of error performance improvement is found for multilevel modulation schemes. Also, it is found that probability of error improvement is more significant for modulation schemes, constant amplitude and multilevel, which require higher signal to noise ratios (i.e., higher modulation orders) for reliable operation. The maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) receiver for a nonlinear satellite channel, a bank of matched filters followed by a Viterbi detector, serves as a probability of error lower bound for the Volterra and FSE-Volterra equalizers. However, this receiver has not been evaluated for a specific satellite channel. In this work, an MLSD receiver is evaluated for a specific downlink-limited satellite channel. Because of the bank of matched filters, the MLSD receiver may be high in complexity. Consequently, the probability of error performance of a more practical suboptimal MLSD receiver, requiring only a single receive filter, is evaluated.

Multi-scale Morphological Image Enhancement of Chest Radiographs by a Hybrid Scheme.

PubMed

Alavijeh, Fatemeh Shahsavari; Mahdavi-Nasab, Homayoun

2015-01-01

Chest radiography is a common diagnostic imaging test, which contains an enormous amount of information about a patient. However, its interpretation is highly challenging. The accuracy of the diagnostic process is greatly influenced by image processing algorithms; hence enhancement of the images is indispensable in order to improve visibility of the details. This paper aims at improving radiograph parameters such as contrast, sharpness, noise level, and brightness to enhance chest radiographs, making use of a triangulation method. Here, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization technique and noise suppression are simultaneously performed in wavelet domain in a new scheme, followed by morphological top-hat and bottom-hat filtering. A unique implementation of morphological filters allows for adjustment of the image brightness and significant enhancement of the contrast. The proposed method is tested on chest radiographs from Japanese Society of Radiological Technology database. The results are compared with conventional enhancement techniques such as histogram equalization, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization, Retinex, and some recently proposed methods to show its strengths. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method can remarkably improve the image contrast while keeping the sensitive chest tissue information so that radiologists might have a more precise interpretation.

Multi-scale Morphological Image Enhancement of Chest Radiographs by a Hybrid Scheme

PubMed Central

Alavijeh, Fatemeh Shahsavari; Mahdavi-Nasab, Homayoun

2015-01-01

Chest radiography is a common diagnostic imaging test, which contains an enormous amount of information about a patient. However, its interpretation is highly challenging. The accuracy of the diagnostic process is greatly influenced by image processing algorithms; hence enhancement of the images is indispensable in order to improve visibility of the details. This paper aims at improving radiograph parameters such as contrast, sharpness, noise level, and brightness to enhance chest radiographs, making use of a triangulation method. Here, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization technique and noise suppression are simultaneously performed in wavelet domain in a new scheme, followed by morphological top-hat and bottom-hat filtering. A unique implementation of morphological filters allows for adjustment of the image brightness and significant enhancement of the contrast. The proposed method is tested on chest radiographs from Japanese Society of Radiological Technology database. The results are compared with conventional enhancement techniques such as histogram equalization, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization, Retinex, and some recently proposed methods to show its strengths. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method can remarkably improve the image contrast while keeping the sensitive chest tissue information so that radiologists might have a more precise interpretation. PMID:25709942

Do U.S. states' socioeconomic and policy contexts shape adult disability?

PubMed

Montez, Jennifer Karas; Hayward, Mark D; Wolf, Douglas A

2017-04-01

Growing disparities in adult mortality across U.S. states point to the importance of assessing disparities in other domains of health. Here, we estimate state-level differences in disability, and draw on the WHO socio-ecological framework to assess the role of ecological factors in explaining these differences. Our study is based on data from 5.5 million adults aged 25-94 years in the 2010-2014 waves of the American Community Survey. Disability is defined as difficulty with mobility, independent living, self-care, vision, hearing, or cognition. We first provide estimates of age-standardized and age-specific disability prevalence by state. We then estimate multilevel models to assess how states' socioeconomic and policy contexts shape the probability of having a disability. Age-standardized disability prevalence differs markedly by state, from 12.9% in North Dakota and Minnesota to 23.5% in West Virginia. Disability was lower in states with stronger economic output, more income equality, longer histories of tax credits for low-income workers, and higher cigarette taxes (for middle-age women), net of individuals' socio-demographic characteristics. States' socioeconomic and policy contexts appear particularly important for older adults. Findings underscore the importance of socio-ecological influences on disability. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

On self-identity: the process of inclusion of individuals with intellectual disabilities in the military.

PubMed

Werner, Shirli; Hochman, Yael

2018-02-23

Identity development among individuals with disabilities may depend on their being included in central institutions in society. The centrality of the military in Israeli society makes it a highly important setting for inclusion and identity development. We examined the self-identity of young adults with intellectual disabilities who serve in the "Equal in Uniform" project. Forty-nine interviews were conducted with 31 individuals with intellectual disabilities. Findings showed that military service helped develop the identity of soldiers, which enhanced their self-efficacy. Participants described their participation in the military as an opportunity to take an active part in socially valued roles. Findings are discussed with reference to the effect of the project on the self-identity of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The meaning of successfully serving in socially valued roles for self-efficacy is discussed. Implications for rehabilitation Completing socially valued roles leads to greater self-efficacy, enhanced self-esteem and greater psychological well-being among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Inclusion of individuals with intellectual disabilities within a central community setting (specifically the military) allows them to deal with issues of identity development, as it does for other young people without intellectual disabilities. Receiving ongoing positive input from others for one's abilities and success is a conducive factor in positive identity formation.

Screening for Intellectual Disability Using High-Resolution CMA Technology in a Retrospective Cohort from Central Brazil

PubMed Central

Pereira, Rodrigo Roncato; Pinto, Irene Plaza; Minasi, Lysa Bernardes; de Melo, Aldaires Vieira; da Cruz e Cunha, Damiana Mirian; Cruz, Alex Silva; Ribeiro, Cristiano Luiz; da Silva, Cláudio Carlos; de Melo e Silva, Daniela; da Cruz, Aparecido Divino

2014-01-01

Intellectual disability is a complex, variable, and heterogeneous disorder, representing a disabling condition diagnosed worldwide, and the etiologies are multiple and highly heterogeneous. Microscopic chromosomal abnormalities and well-characterized genetic conditions are the most common causes of intellectual disability. Chromosomal Microarray Analysis analyses have made it possible to identify putatively pathogenic copy number variation that could explain the molecular etiology of intellectual disability. The aim of the current study was to identify possible submicroscopic genomic alterations using a high-density chromosomal microarray in a retrospective cohort of patients with otherwise undiagnosable intellectual disabilities referred by doctors from the public health system in Central Brazil. The CytoScan HD technology was used to detect changes in the genome copy number variation of patients who had intellectual disability and a normal karyotype. The analysis detected 18 CNVs in 60% of patients. Pathogenic CNVs represented about 22%, so it was possible to propose the etiology of intellectual disability for these patients. Likely pathogenic and unknown clinical significance CNVs represented 28% and 50%, respectively. Inherited and de novo CNVs were equally distributed. We report the nature of CNVs in patients from Central Brazil, representing a population not yet screened by microarray technologies. PMID:25061755

Nagy-Soper Subtraction: a Review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robens, Tania

2013-07-01

In this review, we present a review on an alternative NLO subtraction scheme, based on the splitting kernels of an improved parton shower that promises to facilitate the inclusion of higher-order corrections into Monte Carlo event generators. We give expressions for the scheme for massless emitters, and point to work on the extension for massive cases. As an example, we show results for the C parameter of the process e+e-→3 jets at NLO which have recently been published as a verification of this scheme. We equally provide analytic expressions for integrated counterterms that have not been presented in previous work, and comment on the possibility of analytic approximations for the remaining numerical integrals.

Design scheme for optical manufacturing support system of TMT M3 prototype

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Haifei; Luo, Xiao

2014-09-01

Thirty Meter Telescope's Tertiary Mirror Cell Assembly (TMTM3-CA) will be manufactured in Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP). To reduce the risk of fabricating TMTM3, a prototype made of Zerodur with a d/t ratio of 72 is planned to be polished. Here the focus is on the design scheme of the prototype's optical manufacturing support system. Firstly the number of support points was estimated, then structural design scheme for equal-force polishing support system are drawn, and finally layout optimization of support points was carried out. As its high performance and efficiency, the work will be beneficial to manufacturing large thin mirrors.

Business continuity, emergency planning and special needs: How to protect the vulnerable.

PubMed

Reilly, Daniel

2015-01-01

Emergencies and disasters affect all segments of the population. Some segments are more at risk during the emergency response and recovery efforts owing to vulnerabilities that increase the risk of harm. These vulnerabilities are due to individuals' disabilities, which must be incorporated into emergency and business continuity planning. Some disabilities are obvious, such as impaired vision, hearing or mobility, while other are less evident, but equally disabling, such as cognitive disorders, geographical or language isolation, and numerous age-related factors. Taken together when creating emergency or business continuity plans, the issues identified as disabilities can be grouped by functionality and termed as special needs. This paper will detail the identification of special needs populations, explain how these persons are vulnerable during the emergency or disaster response and recovery process, and provide examples of how to partner with individuals within identified special needs populations to improve the planning process.

[Medical treatment of NANBYO from patients' perspective].

PubMed

Ito, Tateo

2013-01-01

NANBYO policy which has practiced since 1972 has been discussing for making fundamental reform. As a part of a plan to reform, "Total Supports for Persons with Disabilities Act" executed. The target of this act is included with NANBYO patients. Regarding to the enforcement of the act, there are major changes as follows; 1) Regional government has a responsibility to set up the support project for NANBYO patients, 2) Welfare policy will be altered by a change in the definition of disability (the target of welfare for the disabled is not only patients who have fixed disabilities but have changed (e.g. NANBYO), 3) NANBYO patients will be regarded as a target for job assistance under the act. In this abstract, the author raises the fundamental issues as "Society where NANBYO patients can live is equal to that where all people can live", from patient's perspective.

Systems of power, axes of inequity: parallels, intersections, braiding the strands.

PubMed

Jones, Camara P

2014-10-01

This commentary builds on work examining the impacts of racism on health to identify parallels and intersections with regard to able-ism and health. The "Cliff Analogy" framework for distinguishing between five levels of health intervention is used to sort the Healthy People 2020 goals on Disability and Health along an array from medical care to addressing the social determinants of equity. Parallels between racism and able-ism as systems of power, similarities and differences between "race" and disability status as axes of inequity, intersections of "race" and disability status in individuals and in communities, and the promise of convergent strength between the anti-racism community and the disability rights community are highlighted. With health equity defined as assurance of the conditions for optimal health for all people, it is noted that achieving health equity requires valuing all individuals and populations equally, recognizing and rectifying historical injustices, and providing resources according to need.

The relationship of disability and school type to everyday life.

PubMed

Carr, J; Halliwell, M; Pearson, A

1984-12-01

The relationships between disability and school type, and aspects of the everyday lives of 11-year-old children in the GLC Spina Bifida Survey, were explored. The more disabled children were found to be less likely to go out on their own or with friends, although not less likely to go out with sibs or adults. They were equally likely to have friends visiting them at home, but less likely to have friends living in the locality, and to go out to visit them. Special school children were more often described as lonely, and of children with visible disabilities those in special schools were more often teased outside school than were those in ordinary schools. Personality ratings by teachers showed little difference between the spina bifida children and other groups of non-handicapped children, but ratings by mothers suggest that the spina bifida children were more likely to alternate between childish and adolescent behaviours.

Spotlight on Athletes With a Disability: Malaysian Newspaper Coverage of the 2012 London Paralympic Games.

PubMed

Cheong, Jadeera Phaik Geok; Khoo, Selina; Razman, Rizal

2016-01-01

This study analyzed newspaper coverage of the 2012 London Paralympic Games by 8 Malaysian newspapers. Articles and photographs from 4 English-language and 4 Malay-language newspapers were examined from August 28 (1 day before the Games) to September 10, 2012 (1 day after the Games closing). Tables, graphs, letters, fact boxes, and lists of events were excluded from analysis. A total of 132 articles and 131 photographs were analyzed. Content analysis of the newspaper articles revealed that most (62.8%) of the articles contained positive reference to the athletes with a disability. There were equal numbers (39.1%) of action and static shots of athletes. More articles and photographs of Malaysian (58%) than non-Malaysian (42%) athletes with a disability were identified. Only 14.9% of the articles and photographs were related to female athletes with a disability.

Development of prediction models of stress and long-term disability among claimants to injury compensation systems: a cohort study.

PubMed

Spittal, Matthew J; Grant, Genevieve; O'Donnell, Meaghan; McFarlane, Alexander C; Studdert, David M

2018-04-28

We sought to develop prognostic risk scores for compensation-related stress and long-term disability using markers collected within 3 months of a serious injury. Cohort study. Predictors were collected at baseline and at 3 months postinjury. Outcome data were collected at 72 months postinjury. Hospitalised patients with serious injuries recruited from four major trauma hospitals in Australia. 332 participants who made claims for compensation for their injuries to a transport accident scheme or a workers' compensation scheme. 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule and 6 items from the Claims Experience Survey. Our model for long-term disability had four predictors (unemployed at the time of injury, history of a psychiatric disorder at time of injury, post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity at 3 months and disability at 3 months). This model had good discrimination (R 2 =0.37) and calibration. The disability risk score had a score range of 0-180, and at a threshold of 80 had sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 86%. Our model for compensation-related stress had five predictors (intensive care unit admission, discharged to home, number of traumatic events prior to injury, depression at 3 months and not working at 3 months). This model also had good discrimination (area under the curve=0.83) and calibration. The compensation-related stress risk score had score range of 0-220 and at a threshold of 100 had sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 75%. By combining these two scoring systems, we were able to identify the subgroup of claimants at highest risk of experiencing both outcomes. The ability to identify at an early stage claimants at high risk of compensation-related stress and poor recovery is potentially valuable for claimants and the compensation agencies that serve them. The scoring systems we developed could be incorporated into the claims-handling processes to guide prevention-oriented interventions. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Disability rights in the context of HIV and AIDS: a critical review of nineteen Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) countries.

PubMed

Hanass-Hancock, Jill; Grant, Catherine; Strode, Ann

2012-01-01

Many Eastern and Southern African (ESA) states are obliged to review and amend their legal frameworks with regards to disability since signing and ratifying the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The HIV epidemic is one of the main health concerns in the region and is becoming increasingly associated with causing disabilities. In addition, people with disabilities are particularly at risk of exposure to HIV. Despite this, HIV programming has not yet included the interrelationship of disability and HIV. The principles within the CRPD may create much-needed international pressure and so provide a platform for the integration and inclusion of disability into HIV policies and programs. This paper is based on a review of the legal framework in relation to HIV and disability in 19 ESA countries. It identifies 12 key articles of the Convention, which are particularly relevant to the interrelationship of HIV and disability. The paper assesses how these are integrated in the region's disability or HIV legal frameworks and identifies the main gaps within these legal systems. While many country's constitutions, disability and HIV laws protect certain key rights, such as the rights to equality and nondiscrimination, employment and health, there are clear gaps in the legal responses to disability and HIV. In particular, legal frameworks fail to provide adequately for accessibility, mobility and access to justice and protection from violence for people with disabilities. This results in limited protection for people with disabilities from HIV exposure and access to services to address HIV-related health and welfare needs. The paper identifies the gaps and makes recommendations for implementing steps toward the integration of disability into HIV-related laws, policies and programs.

Bi-orthogonal Symbol Mapping and Detection in Optical CDMA Communication System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Maw-Yang

2017-12-01

In this paper, the bi-orthogonal symbol mapping and detection scheme is investigated in time-spreading wavelength-hopping optical CDMA communication system. The carrier-hopping prime code is exploited as signature sequence, whose put-of-phase autocorrelation is zero. Based on the orthogonality of carrier-hopping prime code, the equal weight orthogonal signaling scheme can be constructed, and the proposed scheme using bi-orthogonal symbol mapping and detection can be developed. The transmitted binary data bits are mapped into corresponding bi-orthogonal symbols, where the orthogonal matrix code and its complement are utilized. In the receiver, the received bi-orthogonal data symbol is fed into the maximum likelihood decoder for detection. Under such symbol mapping and detection, the proposed scheme can greatly enlarge the Euclidean distance; hence, the system performance can be drastically improved.

Scripted and Unscripted Science Lessons for Children with Autism and Intellectual Disability.

PubMed

Knight, Victoria F; Collins, Belva; Spriggs, Amy D; Sartini, Emily; MacDonald, Margaret Janey

2018-02-27

Both scripted lessons and unscripted task analyzed lessons have been used effectively to teach science content to students with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. This study evaluated the efficacy, efficiency, and teacher preference of scripted and unscripted task analyzed lesson plans from an elementary science curriculum designed for students with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder by evaluating both lesson formats for (a) student outcomes on a science comprehension assessment, (b) sessions to criterion, and (c) average duration of lessons. Findings propose both lesson types were equally effective, but unscripted task analyzed versions may be more efficient and were preferred by teachers to scripted lessons. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

An Efficient and Practical Smart Card Based Anonymity Preserving User Authentication Scheme for TMIS using Elliptic Curve Cryptography.

PubMed

Amin, Ruhul; Islam, S K Hafizul; Biswas, G P; Khan, Muhammad Khurram; Kumar, Neeraj

2015-11-01

In the last few years, numerous remote user authentication and session key agreement schemes have been put forwarded for Telecare Medical Information System, where the patient and medical server exchange medical information using Internet. We have found that most of the schemes are not usable for practical applications due to known security weaknesses. It is also worth to note that unrestricted number of patients login to the single medical server across the globe. Therefore, the computation and maintenance overhead would be high and the server may fail to provide services. In this article, we have designed a medical system architecture and a standard mutual authentication scheme for single medical server, where the patient can securely exchange medical data with the doctor(s) via trusted central medical server over any insecure network. We then explored the security of the scheme with its resilience to attacks. Moreover, we formally validated the proposed scheme through the simulation using Automated Validation of Internet Security Schemes and Applications software whose outcomes confirm that the scheme is protected against active and passive attacks. The performance comparison demonstrated that the proposed scheme has lower communication cost than the existing schemes in literature. In addition, the computation cost of the proposed scheme is nearly equal to the exiting schemes. The proposed scheme not only efficient in terms of different security attacks, but it also provides an efficient login, mutual authentication, session key agreement and verification and password update phases along with password recovery.

12 CFR 268.709 - Communications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Prohibition Against Discrimination in Board Programs and Activities Because of Physical or Mental Disability § 268.709 Communications. (a) The Board shall take appropriate steps to... activity conducted by the Board. (i) In determining what type of auxiliary aid is necessary, the Board...

12 CFR 268.709 - Communications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Prohibition Against Discrimination in Board Programs and Activities Because of Physical or Mental Disability § 268.709 Communications. (a) The Board shall take appropriate steps to... activity conducted by the Board. (i) In determining what type of auxiliary aid is necessary, the Board...

29 CFR 34.3 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 34.3 Section 34.3 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NONDISCRIMINATION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY REQUIREMENTS..., national origin, age, disability, political affiliation or belief, and for beneficiaries only, citizenship...

29 CFR 34.3 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 34.3 Section 34.3 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NONDISCRIMINATION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY REQUIREMENTS..., national origin, age, disability, political affiliation or belief, and for beneficiaries only, citizenship...

29 CFR 34.3 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 34.3 Section 34.3 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NONDISCRIMINATION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY REQUIREMENTS..., national origin, age, disability, political affiliation or belief, and for beneficiaries only, citizenship...

34 CFR 403.14 - What are the personnel requirements regarding coordination with services for individuals with...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.) to review the.... 794) and the IDEA and regulations implementing those statutes, regarding equal access to programs; and...

Equal employment opportunity and affirmative employment for minorities, women, and people with disabilities : accomplishment report and updates, fiscal year '98

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

Contents: Introduction to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; Office of Civil Rights Organizational Strcture (NHTSA); Accountability Statement; Certification of Qualifications of EEO Officials; Organizational Chart for NHTSA (TAB); Ac...

Numerical Field Model Simulation of Fire and Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Compartment

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-01

zero . However, due to the approximation inherent in the numerical scheme, we will be satisfied if S,, tends toward zero as determined by comparison... zero , the appropriate coefficient (A) corresponding to that boundary is also set equal to zero . After the local pressure correction (P’) is determined...chamber just prior to starting the fire. It is assumed that the air is uni- formly at rest, thus all components of velocity are set equal to zero

A 5 Gb/s CMOS adaptive equalizer for serial link

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Hongbing; Wang, Jingyu; Liu, Hongxia

2018-04-01

A 5 Gb/s adaptive equalizer with a new adaptation scheme is presented here by using 0.13 μm CMOS process. The circuit consists of the combination of equalizer amplifier, limiter amplifier and adaptation loop. The adaptive algorithm exploits both the low frequency gain loop and the equalizer loop to minimize the inter-symbol interference (ISI) for a variety of cable characteristics. In addition, an offset cancellation loop is used to alleviate the offset influence of the signal path. The adaptive equalizer core occupies an area of 0.3567 mm2 and consumes a power consumption of 81.7 mW with 1.8 V power supply. Experiment results demonstrate that the equalizer could compensate for a designed cable loss with 0.23 UI peak-to-peak jitter. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61376099), the Foundation for Fundamental Research of China (No. JSZL2016110B003), and the Major Fundamental Research Program of Shaanxi (No. 2017ZDJC-26).

The impact of listening with directional microphone technology on self-perceived localization disabilities and handicaps.

PubMed

Ruscetta, Melissa N; Palmer, Catherine V; Durrant, John D; Grayhack, Judith; Ryan, Carey

2007-10-01

The chief complaint of individuals with hearing impairment is difficulty hearing in noise, with directional microphones emerging as the most capable remediation. Our purpose was to determine the impact of directional microphones on localization disability and concurrent handicap. Fifty-seven individuals participated unaided and then in groups of 19, using omni-directional microphones, directional-microphones, or toggle-switch equipped amplification. The outcome measure was a localization disabilities and handicaps questionnaire. Comparisons between the unaided group versus the aided groups, and the directional-microphone groups versus the other two aided groups revealed no significant differences. None of the microphone schemes either increased or decreased self-perceived localization disability or handicap. Objective measures of localization ability are warranted and if significance is noted, clinicians should caution patients when moving in their environment. If no significant objective differences exist, in light of the subjective findings in this investigation concern over decreases in quality of life and safety with directional microphones need not be considered.

'These are not luxuries, it is essential for access to life': Disability related out-of-pocket costs as a driver of economic vulnerability in South Africa.

PubMed

Hanass-Hancock, Jill; Nene, Siphumelele; Deghaye, Nicola; Pillay, Simmi

2017-01-01

With the dawn of the new sustainable development goals, we face not only a world that has seen great successes in alleviating poverty but also a world that has left some groups, such as persons with disabilities, behind. Middle-income countries (MICs) are home to a growing number of persons with disabilities. As these countries strive to achieve the new goals, we have ample opportunity to include persons with disabilities in the emerging poverty alleviation strategies. However, a lack of data and research on the linkages between economic vulnerability and disability in MICs hampers our understanding of the factors increasing economic vulnerability in people with disabilities. This article aims to present data related to elements of this vulnerability in one MIC, South Africa. Focusing on out-of-pocket costs, it uses focus group discussions with 73 persons with disabilities and conventional content analysis to describe these costs. A complex and nuanced picture of disability-driven costs evolved on three different areas: care and support for survival and safety, accessibility of services and participation in community. Costs varied depending on care and support needs, accessibility (physical and financial), availability, and knowledge of services and assistive devices. The development of poverty alleviation and social protection mechanisms in MICs like South Africa needs to better consider diverse disability-related care and support needs not only to improve access to services such as education and health (National Health Insurance schemes, accessible clinics) but also to increase the effect of disability-specific benefits and employment equity policies.

The rights of persons with disability bill, 2014: Implications for neurological disability

PubMed Central

Math, Suresh Bada; Gupta, Anupam; Yadav, Ravi; Shukla, Dhaval

2016-01-01

India ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2007. This is a welcome step toward realizing the rights of the persons with disability. The UNCRPD proclaims that disability results from interaction of impairments with attitudinal and environmental barriers, which hinders full and active participation in society on an equal basis with others. Further, the convention also mandates the signatory governments to make suitable changes in the existing laws of the country, to identify and eliminate obstacles and barriers, and to comply with the terms of the UNCRPD in order to protect the rights of the person with disabilities, hence the amendments of the national laws. Hence, the Government of India drafted the Right of Persons with Disabilities Bill (RPWD Bill), 2014. It is evident that neurological disorders are emerging as priority health problems worldwide. They not only contribute to mortality but also contribute to huge morbidity. Further, shortage of neurologists, huge treatment gap, and stigma add to the burden. The situation becomes worse with regard to providing quality care, comprehensive rehabilitation, and social welfare measures to persons with neurological disability. There is no doubt that persons with neurological disability do not get adequate representation, stigmatized and discriminated across the civil societies, which hinders full and active participation in society. Hence, this article is a critique of the RPWD Bill, 2014 from the perspective of persons with neurological and neurosurgical disability. Further, this article also discusses challenges in quantifying and certifying disability in neurological disability. PMID:27891022

WIPO--Advancing Access to Information for Print Disabled People.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mann, David

This paper examines the role of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) as it relates to copyright and to visually impaired people's right to read. The paper starts by summarizing the barriers that can arise both from refusal to grant permission for alternative formats and from the use of rights management schemes incompatible with…

Start Talking and Stop Misbehaving: Teaching Pupils To Communicate, Think and Act Appropriately.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sage, Rosemary

2002-01-01

A Communication Opportunity Group Scheme, which develops formal language and thinking, has been successful in enhancing the performance of a wide range of pupils with and without disabilities. Evidence is presented to illustrate its successful use with 24 children with inappropriate behavior and limited social interaction. (Contains references.)…

Training Equals Staff Loyalty at Paramount

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Education & Training, 2002

2002-01-01

Details a pilot customer service training scheme at Paramount Hotels, which leads to a National Vocational Qualification level 3 in customer services. Describes how the training was designed and delivered, and furnishes the views of Paramount Hotels and some of the participants.

A new ball game: the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and assumptions in care for people with dementia.

PubMed

Smith, Anita; Sullivan, Danny

2012-09-01

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is a powerful international instrument which imposes significant responsibilities on signatories. This column discusses changes in the definition of legal capacity which will have significant impacts on decision-making related to people with dementia. Various restrictions and limitations on personal freedoms are discussed in light of the Convention. The main focus is on challenges to existing paradigms of substitute decision-making, which are in wide use through a guardianship model. Under Art 12 of the Convention, moves to supported decision-making will result in significant changes in ensuring the rights of people with dementia. There are challenges ahead in implementing supported decision-making schemes, not only due to tension with existing practices and legislation, but also the difficulty of developing and resourcing workable schemes. This is particularly so with advanced dementia, which is acknowledged as a pressing issue for Australia due to effective health care, an ageing population and changing expectations.

Disability in post-earthquake Haiti: prevalence and inequality in access to services.

PubMed

Danquah, Lisa; Polack, Sarah; Brus, Aude; Mactaggart, Islay; Houdon, Claire Perrin; Senia, Patrick; Gallien, Pierre; Kuper, Hannah

2015-01-01

To assess the prevalence of disability and service needs in post-earthquake Haiti, and to compare the inclusion and living conditions of people with disabilities to those without disabilities. A population-based prevalence survey of disability was undertaken in 2012 in Port-au-Prince region, which was at the centre of the earthquake in 2010. Sixty clusters of 50 people aged 5 + years were selected with probability proportionate to size sampling and screened for disability (Washington Group short set questionnaire). A case-control study was undertaken, nested within the survey, matching cases to controls by age, gender and cluster. There was additional case finding to identify further children with disabilities. Information was collected on: socioeconomic status, education, livelihood, health, activities, participation and barriers. The prevalence of disability was 4.1% (3.4-4.7%) across 3132 eligible individuals. The earthquake was the second leading cause of disability. Disability was more common with increasing age, but unrelated to poverty. Large gaps existed in access of services for people with disabilities. Adults with disabilities were less likely to be literate or work and more likely to visit health services than adults without disabilities. Children with disabilities were less likely to be currently enrolled at school compared to controls. Children and adults with disabilities reported more activity limitations and participation restriction. Further focus is needed to improve inclusion of people with disabilities in post-earthquake Haiti to ensure that their rights are fulfilled. Almost one in six households in this region of Haiti included a person with a disability, and the earthquake was the second leading cause of disability. Fewer than half of people who reported needing medical rehabilitation had received this service. The leading reported barriers to the uptake of health services included financial constraints (50%) and difficulties with transport (40%). People with disabilities did not participate equally in education or employment and had poorer access to health care.

Fair ranking of researchers and research teams.

PubMed

Vavryčuk, Václav

2018-01-01

The main drawback of ranking of researchers by the number of papers, citations or by the Hirsch index is ignoring the problem of distributing authorship among authors in multi-author publications. So far, the single-author or multi-author publications contribute to the publication record of a researcher equally. This full counting scheme is apparently unfair and causes unjust disproportions, in particular, if ranked researchers have distinctly different collaboration profiles. These disproportions are removed by less common fractional or authorship-weighted counting schemes, which can distribute the authorship credit more properly and suppress a tendency to unjustified inflation of co-authors. The urgent need of widely adopting a fair ranking scheme in practise is exemplified by analysing citation profiles of several highly-cited astronomers and astrophysicists. While the full counting scheme often leads to completely incorrect and misleading ranking, the fractional or authorship-weighted schemes are more accurate and applicable to ranking of researchers as well as research teams. In addition, they suppress differences in ranking among scientific disciplines. These more appropriate schemes should urgently be adopted by scientific publication databases as the Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) or the Scopus (Elsevier).

What Physicists Mean By the Equals Sign in Undergraduate Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kornick, Kellianne; Alaee, Dina; Sayre, Eleanor; Franklin, Scott

2017-01-01

Mathematical syntax allows for the description of meaningful concepts in the physical sciences, and having nuanced proficiency in mathematical formalism is closely tied to communication and understanding of physical principles. The concept of equality is especially important, as it constrains and dictates the relationships between two equated expressions, and a student with detailed understanding of these relationships can derive physical meaning from syntactical expressions mediated by equals signs by knowing the ``meaning'' of equals signs. We delineate types of equals signs as used in undergraduate textbooks and develop a categorization scheme in order to investigate how equals signs are used paradigmatically and culturally in textbooks to convey physical meaning. We classify equals signs into general clusters (causal, definitional, assignment, balancing, and ``just math''), each cluster containing more detailed types. We investigate differences across various topics and between introductory and upper-division textbooks. We found that upper division textbooks are more likely to use balancing, definitional, and more complex kinds of assignment forms, while introductory texts have much higher frequencies of simple assignment and ``just math'' types.

Digital watermarking for color images in hue-saturation-value color space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tachaphetpiboon, Suwat; Thongkor, Kharittha; Amornraksa, Thumrongrat; Delp, Edward J.

2014-05-01

This paper proposes a new watermarking scheme for color images, in which all pixels of the image are used for embedding watermark bits in order to achieve the highest amount of embedding. For watermark embedding, the S component in the hue-saturation-value (HSV) color space is used to carry the watermark bits, while the V component is used in accordance with a human visual system model to determine the proper watermark strength. In the proposed scheme, the number of watermark bits equals the number of pixels in the host image. Watermark extraction is accomplished blindly based on the use of a 3×3 spatial domain Wiener filter. The efficiency of our proposed image watermarking scheme depends mainly on the accuracy of the estimate of the original S component. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed scheme, under no attacks and against various types of attacks, was superior to the previous existing watermarking schemes.

An all-at-once reduced Hessian SQP scheme for aerodynamic design optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feng, Dan; Pulliam, Thomas H.

1995-01-01

This paper introduces a computational scheme for solving a class of aerodynamic design problems that can be posed as nonlinear equality constrained optimizations. The scheme treats the flow and design variables as independent variables, and solves the constrained optimization problem via reduced Hessian successive quadratic programming. It updates the design and flow variables simultaneously at each iteration and allows flow variables to be infeasible before convergence. The solution of an adjoint flow equation is never needed. In addition, a range space basis is chosen so that in a certain sense the 'cross term' ignored in reduced Hessian SQP methods is minimized. Numerical results for a nozzle design using the quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations show that this scheme is computationally efficient and robust. The computational cost of a typical nozzle design is only a fraction more than that of the corresponding analysis flow calculation. Superlinear convergence is also observed, which agrees with the theoretical properties of this scheme. All optimal solutions are obtained by starting far away from the final solution.

China's Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme: a type of health insurance or a type of health cooperative?

PubMed

Wang, Fang; Liang, Yuan

2017-03-01

The Cooperative Medical Scheme (CMS) was popular in rural China in the 1960s and 1970s, having garnered praise from the World Bank and World Health Organization as an unprecedented example of a successful health care model in a low-income developing country. However, the CMS almost collapsed in the 1980s. Based on its historical origins and main activities, we think the CMS functioned as a health cooperative rather than a health insurance scheme. Perhaps, however, the importance to the CMS of cooperation between institutions has been overestimated. Overlooked, yet equally important, has been the cooperation between health workers and farmers to target health-related risk factors associated with agricultural work and ways of life. The 'cooperative' character of the CMS includes two aspects: cooperative institutions and cooperative behaviour. Although the CMS collapsed in China, similar schemes are flourishing elsewhere in the world. In the future, in-depth analysis of these schemes is required.

Accessibility Considerations for Hybrid Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Behling, Kirsten

2017-01-01

This chapter explores the central questions and issues that faculty and administrators need to consider when designing and implementing hybrid courses to ensure that all students, including those with disabilities, have equal access. The author offers resources on faculty development programs, accessibility checklists, and online resources on…

12 CFR 268.703 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Prohibition Against Discrimination in Board Programs and Activities Because of Physical or Mental Disability § 268.703 Notice. The Board shall make available to employees, applicants for... this subpart and its applicability to the programs and activities conducted by the Board, and make this...

12 CFR 268.703 - Notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGARDING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Prohibition Against Discrimination in Board Programs and Activities Because of Physical or Mental Disability § 268.703 Notice. The Board shall make available to employees, applicants for... this subpart and its applicability to the programs and activities conducted by the Board, and make this...

75 FR 64619 - White Cane Safety Day, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-20

... diverse country. We also examine our progress and recommit to full integration, equality, education, and... employment, education, and social, political, and economic opportunities for Americans with disabilities..., we will uphold our country as an inclusive, welcoming place for blind or visually impaired people to...

28 CFR 35.161 - Telecommunication devices for the deaf (TDD's).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Telecommunication devices for the deaf... BASIS OF DISABILITY IN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES Communications § 35.161 Telecommunication... beneficiaries, TDD's or equally effective telecommunication systems shall be used to communicate with...

29 CFR 1615.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... activities. (4) Is regarded as having such an impairment means—(i) Has a physical or mental impairment that... limitation; (ii) Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits major life activities only as... THE BASIS OF DISABILITY IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY...

Relationship between self-assessed masticatory disability and 9-year mortality in a cohort of community-residing elderly people.

PubMed

Nakanishi, Noriyuki; Fukuda, Hideki; Takatorige, Toshio; Tatara, Kozo

2005-01-01

To examine the relationship between self-assessed masticatory disability and mortality. Prospective. Community based. Total of 1,405 randomly selected people aged 65 and older living in Settsu, Osaka Prefecture, in October 1992. Data on health status as indicated by disability scores, history of health management, self-assessed masticatory ability, and psychosocial conditions were collected by means of interviews during home visits at the time of enrollment. Nine-year follow-up was completed for 1,245 (88.6%; 398 deceased and 847 alive). Self-assessed masticatory disability was significantly associated with being 75 and older, having overall disability, not using dental health checks or general health checks, not participating in social activities, not feeling that life is worth living (no ikigai), and finding relationships with people difficult. As for the association between self-assessed masticatory disability and mortality, the estimated survival rate for those with self-assessed masticatory disability was lower than that for those without for each group stratified by sex and age (65-74 and >or=75), and the equality of survival curves according to self-assessed masticatory disability was significant for each group. After controlling for potential predictors of mortality, self-assessed masticatory disability remained as a significant predictor of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=1.63, 95% confidence interval=1.30-2.03, P<.001). These results indicate that self-assessed masticatory disability may be associated with a greater risk of mortality in community-residing elderly people.

Characteristics of individuals receiving disability benefits in the Netherlands and predictors of leaving the disability benefit scheme: a retrospective cohort study with five-year follow-up.

PubMed

Louwerse, Ilse; Huysmans, Maaike A; van Rijssen, H Jolanda; van der Beek, Allard J; Anema, Johannes R

2018-01-18

Today, work disability is one of the greatest social and labour market challenges for policy makers in most OECD countries, where on average, about 6% of the working-age population relies on disability benefits. Understanding of factors associated with long-term work disability may be helpful to identify groups of individuals at risk for disability benefit entitlement or continuing eligibility, and to develop effective interventions for these groups. The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the main diagnoses of workers who qualify for disability benefits and how these diagnoses differ in age, gender and education. Using a five-year follow-up, we examined the duration of disability benefits and how durations differ among individuals with various characteristics. We performed a cohort study of 31,733 individuals receiving disability benefits from the Dutch Social Security Institute (SSI) with a five-year follow-up. Data were collected from SSI databases. Information about disorders was assessed by an insurance physician upon benefit application. These data were used to test for significant relationships among socio-demographics, main diagnoses and comorbidity, and disability benefit entitlement and continuing eligibility. Mental disorders were the most frequent diagnosis for individuals claiming work disability. Diagnoses differed among age groups and education categories. Mental disorders were the main diagnosis for work disability for younger and more highly educated individuals, and physical disorders (generally musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and cancer) were the main diagnosis for older and less educated individuals. In 82% of the claims, the duration of disability benefit was five years or more after approval. Outflow was lowest for individuals with (multiple) mental disorders and those with comorbidity of mental and physical disorders, and highest for individuals with (multiple) physical disorders. The main diagnosis for persons entitled to disability benefits was mental health problems, especially for young women. In a five-year follow-up, claim duration for disability benefits was long lasting for most claimants.

Drive Control Scheme of Electric Power Assisted Wheelchair Based on Neural Network Learning of Human Wheelchair Operation Characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanohata, Naoki; Seki, Hirokazu

This paper describes a novel drive control scheme of electric power assisted wheelchairs based on neural network learning of human wheelchair operation characteristics. “Electric power assisted wheelchair” which enhances the drive force of the operator by employing electric motors is expected to be widely used as a mobility support system for elderly and disabled people. However, some handicapped people with paralysis of the muscles of one side of the body cannot maneuver the wheelchair as desired because of the difference in the right and left input force. Therefore, this study proposes a neural network learning system of such human wheelchair operation characteristics and a drive control scheme with variable distribution and assistance ratios. Some driving experiments will be performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control system.

Comparison of attitudes toward disability and people with disability among caregivers, the public, and people with disability: findings from a cross-sectional survey.

PubMed

Zheng, Qiaolan; Tian, Qi; Hao, Chun; Gu, Jing; Tao, Jianting; Liang, Zuoyi; Chen, Xinlin; Fang, Jiqian; Ruan, Jianhua; Ai, Qiuxiang; Hao, Yuantao

2016-09-29

A negative attitude toward disability is one of the potential barriers for people with disability (PWD) to achieve social equality. Although numerous studies have investigated attitudes toward disability, few have evaluated personal attitudes toward disability among PWD, and made comparisons with attitudes of healthy respondents. This study was to investigate and compare the attitudes of PWD, caregivers, and the public toward disability and PWD in China, to identify discrepancies in attitude among the three groupsand to examine potential influencing factors of attitude within each group. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2912 PWD, 507 caregivers, and 354 members of the public in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected on participants' socio-demographic information and personal attitudes toward disability using the Attitude to Disability Scale (ADS). ANOVA and ANCOVA were applied to compare the level of attitude among the three groups. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between each background factor and attitude within each group. Over 90 % of caregivers were PWD's family members. After controlling the socio-demographic characteristics, caregivers had the lowest total scores of ADS (caregivers: 47.7; PWD: 52.3; the public: 50.5). Caregivers who had taken care of PWD for longer durations of time had a more negative attitude toward disability. In contrast, PWD who had been disabled for longer times had a more positive attitude toward disability. The current national social security system of China does not adequately support PWD's family-member caregivers who may need assistance coping with their life with PWDs. More research is needed, and the development of a new health-care model for PWD is warranted.

A national burden of disease calculation: Dutch disability-adjusted life-years. Dutch Burden of Disease Group.

PubMed Central

Melse, J M; Essink-Bot, M L; Kramers, P G; Hoeymans, N

2000-01-01

OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the burden of disease due to 48 major causes in the Netherlands in 1994 in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), using national epidemiologic data and disability weights, and explored associated problems and uncertainties. METHODS: We combined data from Dutch vital statistics, registrations, and surveys with Dutch disability weights to calculate disease-specific health loss in DALYs, which are the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) weighted for severity. RESULTS: YLLs were primarily lost by cardiovascular diseases and cancers, while YLDs were mostly lost by mental disorders and a range of chronic somatic disorders (such as chronic nonspecific lung disease and diabetes). These 4 diagnostic groups caused approximately equal numbers of DALYs. Sensitivity analysis calls for improving the accuracy of the epidemiologic data in connection with disability weights, especially for mild and frequent diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The DALY approach appeared to be feasible at a national Western European level and produced interpretable results, comparable to results from the Global Burden of Disease Study for the Established Market Economies. Suggestions for improving the methodology and its applicability are presented. PMID:10937004

A knowledge transfer scheme to bridge the gap between science and practice: an integration of existing research frameworks into a tool for practice.

PubMed

Verhagen, Evert; Voogt, Nelly; Bruinsma, Anja; Finch, Caroline F

2014-04-01

Evidence of effectiveness does not equal successful implementation. To progress the field, practical tools are needed to bridge the gap between research and practice and to truly unite effectiveness and implementation evidence. This paper describes the Knowledge Transfer Scheme integrating existing implementation research frameworks into a tool which has been developed specifically to bridge the gap between knowledge derived from research on the one side and evidence-based usable information and tools for practice on the other.

Study of optical techniques for the Ames unitary wind tunnels. Part 1: Schlieren

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, George

1992-01-01

Alignment procedures and conceptual designs for the rapid alignment of the Ames Unitary Wind Tunnel schlieren systems were devised. The schlieren systems can be aligned by translating the light source, the mirrors, and the knife edge equal distances. One design for rapid alignment consists of a manual pin locking scheme. The other is a motorized electronic position scheme. A study of two optical concepts which can be used with the schlieren system was made. These are the 'point diffraction interferometers' and the 'focus schlieren'. Effects of vibrations were studied.

Hyperbolic/parabolic development for the GIM-STAR code. [flow fields in supersonic inlets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spradley, L. W.; Stalnaker, J. F.; Ratliff, A. W.

1980-01-01

Flow fields in supersonic inlet configurations were computed using the eliptic GIM code on the STAR computer. Spillage flow under the lower cowl was calculated to be 33% of the incoming stream. The shock/boundary layer interaction on the upper propulsive surface was computed including separation. All shocks produced by the flow system were captured. Linearized block implicit (LBI) schemes were examined to determine their application to the GIM code. Pure explicit methods have stability limitations and fully implicit schemes are inherently inefficient; however, LBI schemes show promise as an effective compromise. A quasiparabolic version of the GIM code was developed using elastical parabolized Navier-Stokes methods combined with quasitime relaxation. This scheme is referred to as quasiparabolic although it applies equally well to hyperbolic supersonic inviscid flows. Second order windward differences are used in the marching coordinate and either explicit or linear block implicit time relaxation can be incorporated.

Laplace-Fourier-domain dispersion analysis of an average derivative optimal scheme for scalar-wave equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jing-Bo

2014-06-01

By using low-frequency components of the damped wavefield, Laplace-Fourier-domain full waveform inversion (FWI) can recover a long-wavelength velocity model from the original undamped seismic data lacking low-frequency information. Laplace-Fourier-domain modelling is an important foundation of Laplace-Fourier-domain FWI. Based on the numerical phase velocity and the numerical attenuation propagation velocity, a method for performing Laplace-Fourier-domain numerical dispersion analysis is developed in this paper. This method is applied to an average-derivative optimal scheme. The results show that within the relative error of 1 per cent, the Laplace-Fourier-domain average-derivative optimal scheme requires seven gridpoints per smallest wavelength and smallest pseudo-wavelength for both equal and unequal directional sampling intervals. In contrast, the classical five-point scheme requires 23 gridpoints per smallest wavelength and smallest pseudo-wavelength to achieve the same accuracy. Numerical experiments demonstrate the theoretical analysis.

Optimal control of large space structures via generalized inverse matrix

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Charles C.; Fang, Xiaowen

1987-01-01

Independent Modal Space Control (IMSC) is a control scheme that decouples the space structure into n independent second-order subsystems according to n controlled modes and controls each mode independently. It is well-known that the IMSC eliminates control and observation spillover caused when the conventional coupled modal control scheme is employed. The independent control of each mode requires that the number of actuators be equal to the number of modelled modes, which is very high for a faithful modeling of large space structures. A control scheme is proposed that allows one to use a reduced number of actuators to control all modeled modes suboptimally. In particular, the method of generalized inverse matrices is employed to implement the actuators such that the eigenvalues of the closed-loop system are as closed as possible to those specified by the optimal IMSC. Computer simulation of the proposed control scheme on a simply supported beam is given.

Implications of changes in households and living arrangements for future home-based care needs and costs for disabled elders in China.

PubMed

Zeng, Yi; Chen, Huashuai; Wang, Zhenglian; Land, Kenneth C

2015-04-01

To better understand future home-based care needs and costs for disabled elders in China. To further develop and apply the ProFamy extended cohort-component method and the most recent census and survey data. (a) Chinese disabled elders and the annual growth rate of the percentage of national gross domestic product (GDP) devoted to home-based care costs for disabled elders will increase much more rapidly than the growth of total elderly population; (b) home-based care needs and costs for disabled oldest-old aged 80+ will increase much faster than that for disabled young-old aged 65-79 after 2030; (c) disabled unmarried elders living alone and their home-based care costs increase substantially faster than those disabled unmarried elders living with children; (d) percent of rural disabled oldest-old will be substantially higher than that of rural population after 2030; (e) sensitivity analyses show that possible changes in mortality and elderly disability status are the major direct factors affecting home-based care needs and costs; (f) caregivers resources under the universal two-child policy will be substantially better than that under the rigorous fertility policy unchanged. We discuss policy recommendations concerning pathways to healthy aging with relatively reduced care costs, including reductions of the prevalence of disability, gender equality, the universal two-child policy and resources of caregivers, encouragements of rural-to-urban family migration and elder's residential proximity to their adult children, and remarriages of not-married elders. © The Author(s) 2014.

29 CFR 1640.11 - EEOC review of deferred charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EEOC review of deferred charges. 1640.11 Section 1640.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATING THE INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS OR CHARGES OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION BASED ON DISABILITY...

34 CFR 361.82 - Evaluation standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... with disabilities under the VR program. (b) A DSU must achieve successful performance on both evaluation standards during each performance period. (c) The evaluation standards for the VR program are— (1... equal access to VR services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820...

34 CFR 361.82 - Evaluation standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... with disabilities under the VR program. (b) A DSU must achieve successful performance on both evaluation standards during each performance period. (c) The evaluation standards for the VR program are— (1... equal access to VR services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820...

My Son Fired Me!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borntrager, Randy

2005-01-01

In this article, the author describes the positive outcomes experienced by a father and his son with cerebral palsy after participating in Unified Sports, a program that places approximately equal numbers of Special Olympics athletes and athletes without intellectual disabilities ("partners") on sports teams for training and competition. The goal…

24 CFR 7.32 - Contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

1998-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 1998-04-01 1998-04-01 false Contents. 7.32 Section 7.32 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development EQUAL..., Religion, Sex, National Origin, Age, or Disability Complaints § 7.32 Contents. (a) The complaint filed...

34 CFR 361.82 - Evaluation standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... with disabilities under the VR program. (b) A DSU must achieve successful performance on both evaluation standards during each performance period. (c) The evaluation standards for the VR program are— (1... equal access to VR services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820...

34 CFR 361.82 - Evaluation standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... with disabilities under the VR program. (b) A DSU must achieve successful performance on both evaluation standards during each performance period. (c) The evaluation standards for the VR program are— (1... equal access to VR services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820...

34 CFR 361.82 - Evaluation standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... with disabilities under the VR program. (b) A DSU must achieve successful performance on both evaluation standards during each performance period. (c) The evaluation standards for the VR program are— (1... equal access to VR services. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1820...

29 CFR 1630.4 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 1630.4 Section 1630.4 Labor... EQUAL EMPLOYMENT PROVISIONS OF THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT § 1630.4 Discrimination prohibited..., condition, or privilege of employment. (2) The term discrimination includes, but is not limited to, the acts...

29 CFR 1630.4 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 1630.4 Section 1630.4 Labor... EQUAL EMPLOYMENT PROVISIONS OF THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT § 1630.4 Discrimination prohibited..., condition, or privilege of employment. (2) The term discrimination includes, but is not limited to, the acts...

29 CFR 1630.4 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 1630.4 Section 1630.4 Labor... EQUAL EMPLOYMENT PROVISIONS OF THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT § 1630.4 Discrimination prohibited..., condition, or privilege of employment. (2) The term discrimination includes, but is not limited to, the acts...

29 CFR 1630.4 - Discrimination prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Discrimination prohibited. 1630.4 Section 1630.4 Labor... EQUAL EMPLOYMENT PROVISIONS OF THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT § 1630.4 Discrimination prohibited..., condition, or privilege of employment. (2) The term discrimination includes, but is not limited to, the acts...

7 CFR 4274.337 - Other regulatory requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... determined to have a significant effect on the quality of the human environment. (c) Equal opportunity and... mental disability (provided the proposed intermediary or proposed ultimate recipient has the capacity to... recipient has in good faith exercised any right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act, with respect to...

Self Description Inventory Plus Initiative: Assault On Occam’s Razor

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

from statutes to regulations by various agencies and include such examples as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Equal Employment...Opportunity Commission ( EEOC ), and the Merit Labor Relations Board (MLRB). As reported as recently as 2005 (Murphy, 2005), personality measures are still

A Novel Passive Tracking Scheme Exploiting Geometric and Intercept Theorems

PubMed Central

Zhou, Biao; Sun, Chao; Ahn, Deockhyeon; Kim, Youngok

2018-01-01

Passive tracking aims to track targets without assistant devices, that is, device-free targets. Passive tracking based on Radio Frequency (RF) Tomography in wireless sensor networks has recently been addressed as an emerging field. The passive tracking scheme using geometric theorems (GTs) is one of the most popular RF Tomography schemes, because the GT-based method can effectively mitigate the demand for a high density of wireless nodes. In the GT-based tracking scheme, the tracking scenario is considered as a two-dimensional geometric topology and then geometric theorems are applied to estimate crossing points (CPs) of the device-free target on line-of-sight links (LOSLs), which reveal the target’s trajectory information in a discrete form. In this paper, we review existing GT-based tracking schemes, and then propose a novel passive tracking scheme by exploiting the Intercept Theorem (IT). To create an IT-based CP estimation scheme available in the noisy non-parallel LOSL situation, we develop the equal-ratio traverse (ERT) method. Finally, we analyze properties of three GT-based tracking algorithms and the performance of these schemes is evaluated experimentally under various trajectories, node densities, and noisy topologies. Analysis of experimental results shows that tracking schemes exploiting geometric theorems can achieve remarkable positioning accuracy even under rather a low density of wireless nodes. Moreover, the proposed IT scheme can provide generally finer tracking accuracy under even lower node density and noisier topologies, in comparison to other schemes. PMID:29562621

Dynamical Conditions of Ice Supersaturation and Ice Nucleation in Convective Systems: A Comparative Analysis Between in Situ Aircraft Observations and WRF Simulations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

D’Alessandro, John J.; Diao, Minghui; Wu, Chenglai; Liu, Xiaohong; Chen, Ming; Morrison, Hugh; Eidhammer, Trude; Jensen, Jorgen B.; Bansemer, Aaron; Zondlo, Mark A.;

Communication access to businesses and organizations for people with complex communication needs.

PubMed

Collier, Barbara; Blackstone, Sarah W; Taylor, Andrew

2012-12-01

Human rights legislation and anti-discrimination and accessibility laws exist in many countries and through international conventions and treaties. To varying degrees, these laws protect the rights of people with disabilities to full and equal access to goods and services. Yet, the accessibility requirements of people with complex communication needs (CCN) are not well represented in the existing accessibility literature. This article describes the results of surveys completed by disability service providers and individuals with CCN due to cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and acquired disabilities. It identifies accessibility requirements for people with CCN for face-to-face communication; comprehension of spoken language; telephone communication; text and print-based communication; Internet, email, and social media interactions; and written communication. Recommendations are made for communication accessibility accommodations in regulations, guidelines, and practices.

Multi-level modelling of the factors that influence the participation of disabled rural individuals in social medical insurance in China

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background The Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006 showed that the participation rate of disabled Chinese rural individuals in social medical insurance participation was less than 30%. However, there has been limited number of studies on the influencing factors, especially contextual factors, affecting their participation in social medical insurance. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the participation of disabled rural individuals in social medical insurance, including contextual factors. Methods Based on data derived from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability, chi-square test and two-level logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The results showed that the disabled rural individuals in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System pilot counties who lived in communities with rehabilitation stations or with higher per capita income of villagers were more likely to participate in the social medical insurance. Meanwhile, those employed, with less severe disability degree or with less severe barriers in participation in society were more likely to participate in the social medical insurance. Conclusions Contextual factors including economic and policy contexts were important factors influencing their participation in social medical insurance before 2006 in China. Unemployment, severer disability degree and social isolation might also prevent them from gaining equal access to social medical insurance. PMID:23402275

Somatization Increases Disability Independent of Comorbidity

PubMed Central

Orav, E. John; Bates, David W.; Barsky, Arthur J.

2008-01-01

Background Somatoform disorders are an important factor in functional disability and role impairment, though their independent contribution to disability has been unclear because of prevalent medical and psychiatric comorbidity. Objectives To assess the extent of the overlap of somatization with other psychiatric disorders and medical problems, to compare the functional disability and role impairment of somatizing and non-somatizing patients, and to determine the independent contribution of somatization to functional disability and role impairment. Design Patients were surveyed with self-report questionnaires assessing somatization, psychiatric disorder, and role impairment. Medical morbidity was indexed with a computerized medical record audit. Participants Consecutive adults making scheduled visits to their primary care physicians at two hospital-affiliated primary care practices on randomly chosen days. Measurements Intermediate activities of daily living, social activities, and occupational disability. Results Patients with somatization, as well as those with serious medical and psychiatric illnesses, had significantly more impairment of activities of daily life and social activities. When these predictors were considered simultaneously in a multivariable regression, the association with somatization remained highly significant and was comparable to or greater than many major medical conditions. Conclusions Patients with somatization had substantially greater functional disability and role impairment than non-somatizing patients. The degree of disability was equal to or greater than that associated with many major, chronic medical disorders. Adjusting the results for psychiatric and medical co-morbidity had little effect on these findings. PMID:19031038

Expanding the horizons of disability law in India: a study from a human rights perspective.

PubMed

Chopra, Tushti

2013-01-01

Disabled/"differently abled" persons by virtue of being human have the right to enjoy human rights to life, liberty, equality, security, and dignity. However, due to social indifference, psychological barriers, a limited definition of "disability" entitling protection of law, and a lack of proper data, disabled persons in India remain an invisible category. Although several laws exit to ensure their full and effective participation in society, they remain insufficient as they are primarily based on the government's discretion. At the same time, whenever the judiciary finds an opportunity, it acts as a real protector of disabled persons, but it is not feasible to knock on the door of the judiciary for every request. Interestingly, various civil societies and human rights activists have occasionally asserted the rights of the disabled. However, unless the foundation stones of law are fortified, disabled persons cannot fully realize their rights. It is high time to enact effective laws, with timely implementation, to protect their interests and empower their capabilities that are based on a "rights-based approach" rather than on the charity, medical, or social approaches. Thus, the horizons of law must be expanded to provide a "human friendly environment" for all of the disabled to overcome the barriers that impair their development. © 2013 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Inc.

The Relation Between Intellectual Functioning and Adaptive Behavior in the Diagnosis of Intellectual Disability.

PubMed

Tassé, Marc J; Luckasson, Ruth; Schalock, Robert L

2016-12-01

Intellectual disability originates during the developmental period and is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. In this article, we present a brief history of the diagnostic criteria of intellectual disability for both the DSM-5 and AAIDD. The article also (a) provides an update of the understanding of adaptive behavior, (b) dispels two thinking errors regarding mistaken temporal or causal link between intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, (c) explains that there is a strong correlational, but no causative, relation between intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, and (d) asserts that once a question of determining intellectual disability is raised, both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior are assessed and considered jointly and weighed equally in the diagnosis of intellectual disability. We discuss the problems created by an inaccurate statement that appears in the DSM-5 regarding a causal link between deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior and propose an immediate revision to remove this erroneous and confounding statement.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: a new approach to decision-making in mental health law.

PubMed

Morrissey, Fiona

2012-12-01

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) requires us to engage in new approaches to decision-making in mental health law. The reclassification of mental health rights to the realm of disability rights is an important step towards equal treatment for persons with psychosocial disabilities. Law reformers worldwide are beginning to consider the implications of the provisions. Legislators will be required to understand the underlying philosophy of the CRPD to realise the rights set out in it. The CRPD possesses a number of innovative provisions which can transform decision-making in the mental health context. Article 12 provides a new conceptualisation of persons with disabilities and their capacity to participate by requiring support to exercise legal capacity. While good practice exists, the provision has yet to be fully implemented by many State Parties. This article discusses the impact of the CRPD on mental health law, legal capacity law and describes examples of supported decision-making models for mental health care.

Compensation seeking and disability after injury: the role of compensation-related stress and mental health.

PubMed

O'Donnell, Meaghan L; Grant, Genevieve; Alkemade, Nathan; Spittal, Matthew; Creamer, Mark; Silove, Derrick; McFarlane, Alexander; Bryant, Richard A; Forbes, David; Studdert, David M

2015-08-01

Claiming for compensation after injury is associated with poor health outcomes. This study examined the degree to which compensation-related stress predicts long-term disability and the mental health factors that contribute to this relationship. In a longitudinal, multisite cohort study, 332 injury patients (who claimed for compensation) recruited from April 2004 to February 2006 were assessed during hospitalization and at 3 and 72 months after injury. Posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms (using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) were assessed at 3 months; compensation-related stress and disability levels (using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II) were assessed at 72 months. A significant direct relationship was found between levels of compensation-related stress and levels of long-term disability (β = 0.35, P < .001). Three-month posttraumatic stress symptoms had a significant relationship with compensation-related stress (β = 0.29, P < .001) as did 3-month depression symptoms (β = 0.39, P < .001), but 3-month anxiety symptoms did not. A significant indirect relationship was found for posttraumatic stress symptoms and disability via compensation stress (β = 0.099, P = .001) and for depression and disability via compensation stress (β = 0.136, P < .001). Stress associated with seeking compensation is significantly related to long-term disability. Posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms increase the perception of stress associated with the claims process, which in turn is related to higher levels of long-term disability. Early interventions targeting those at risk for compensation-related stress may decrease long-term costs for compensation schemes. © Copyright 2015 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.

Shortage of supported housing for people with mental illness: Australia as an exemplar of an international problem.

PubMed

Cashin, Andrew

2014-02-01

Social and economic stability promotes recovery and treatment maintenance in people with mental disorders. Research findings are strong that there is a link between economic and housing stability and relapse. To achieve social and economic stability a whole of government approach is required. Policy is not a linear process but rather is an interactive and iterative process in which administrative discretion comes to bare. Demarcations and tensions in terms of interpretation of policy among departments are international phenomena. In Australia, issues exist in the government interdepartmental interpretation of disability that discriminates against those without intellectual disability in securing supported housing. This issue is a good exemplar of the challenges of a whole of government approach to support those with psychiatric disability. The example is of particular concern in light of housing affordability in Australia. The issue is contemporary as Australia rolls out the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and struggles to fulfil a commitment to a whole of government approach to care and support for people with a psychiatric disability. Internationally the issue is timely as more countries embrace the philosophy of a whole of government approach to mental health care.

Avoided-Level-Crossing Spectroscopy with Dressed Matter Waves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eckardt, Andre; Holthaus, Martin

2008-12-12

We devise a method for probing resonances of macroscopic matter waves in shaken optical lattices by monitoring their response to slow parameter changes, and show that such resonances can be disabled by particular choices of the driving amplitude. The theoretical analysis of this scheme reveals far-reaching analogies between dressed atoms and time periodically forced matter waves.

"Putting Music On": Everyday Leisure Activities, Choice-Making and Person-Centred Planning in a Supported Living Scheme

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hassan, Nedim

2017-01-01

Background: Person-centred planning, which commonly becomes formalised within services for people with learning disabilities through an Essential Lifestyle Plan (ELP), was intended to help place the choices of individuals at the forefront of service provision. However, beyond UK government policy rhetoric, scholars have raised issues regarding the…

Avoided-Level-Crossing Spectroscopy with Dressed Matter Waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eckardt, André; Holthaus, Martin

2008-12-01

We devise a method for probing resonances of macroscopic matter waves in shaken optical lattices by monitoring their response to slow parameter changes, and show that such resonances can be disabled by particular choices of the driving amplitude. The theoretical analysis of this scheme reveals far-reaching analogies between dressed atoms and time periodically forced matter waves.

A guide to the EEOC's final regulations on the Americans with Disabilities Act.

PubMed

Shaller, E H; Rosen, D A

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) recently issued its final regulations on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Although the regulations offer some guidance for employers on how to comply with the Act, they fail to provide specific answers to the many complicated compliance questions that will surely arise. Further, the regulations are almost totally silent on certain critical issues related to insurance, workers' compensation, and potential conflicts between ADA obligations and terms of collective bargaining agreements. The EEOC has essentially left the resolution of many important ADA questions to case-by-case determination and the litigation process.

[A cross-sectional study on the visual disability of the residents in 2006 in Henan province, China].

PubMed

Li, Yin-yin; Zhu, Yu; Li, Zhi-gang; Chen, Ping; Yan, Shao-jun

2009-09-01

To explore the status on visual disability and the leading causes in residents in Henan Province. It was a cross-sectional study and a part of the National Epidemiological Study on the disability in 2006. Sample size 120 000 was assigned to Henan study by the protocol of the National epidemiological study on the disability. Stratified, equal interval, proportional probability; four-stage sampling was adopted. Survey teams were organized, and survey personnel was trained in the sampled counties and cities. Visual disabled persons were screened by home to home visit and confirmed by ophthalmologists. 130 415 persons in 36 923 households were studied. 1973 persons were confirmed to have the visual disability, the prevalence was 1.51%. Among them, 1376 persons just suffer from the visual disability (simple visual disability), 579 persons had multiple disability including the visual disability (multiple disability). Among them, 643 persons (0.49%) were blindness, 1330 persons (1.02%) were low vision. The age of the most of the persons with visual disability was more than 50 years old. The prevalence of the simple visual disability in male and female was 0.77% and 1.36% respectively and had significant statistical difference (chi(2) = 105.687, P < 0.01). The prevalence of the simple visual disability in urban and rural area was 0.58% and 1.15% respectively and also had significant statistical difference (chi(2) = 56.047, P < 0.01). The first five leading causes of the visual disability were cataract (54.69%), retinal and choroidal diseases (8.21%), corneal diseases (5.83%), genetic and congenital eye diseases (5.07%) and glaucoma (4.56%). Government and health organizations should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment the visual disability in Henan province, especially the prevention and treatment of cataract, retinal and choroidal diseases, corneal diseases, genetic and congenital eye diseases and glaucoma.

‘These are not luxuries, it is essential for access to life’: Disability related out-of-pocket costs as a driver of economic vulnerability in South Africa

PubMed Central

Nene, Siphumelele; Deghaye, Nicola; Pillay, Simmi

2017-01-01

Background With the dawn of the new sustainable development goals, we face not only a world that has seen great successes in alleviating poverty but also a world that has left some groups, such as persons with disabilities, behind. Middle-income countries (MICs) are home to a growing number of persons with disabilities. As these countries strive to achieve the new goals, we have ample opportunity to include persons with disabilities in the emerging poverty alleviation strategies. However, a lack of data and research on the linkages between economic vulnerability and disability in MICs hampers our understanding of the factors increasing economic vulnerability in people with disabilities. Methods This article aims to present data related to elements of this vulnerability in one MIC, South Africa. Focusing on out-of-pocket costs, it uses focus group discussions with 73 persons with disabilities and conventional content analysis to describe these costs. Results A complex and nuanced picture of disability-driven costs evolved on three different areas: care and support for survival and safety, accessibility of services and participation in community. Costs varied depending on care and support needs, accessibility (physical and financial), availability, and knowledge of services and assistive devices. Conclusions The development of poverty alleviation and social protection mechanisms in MICs like South Africa needs to better consider diverse disability-related care and support needs not only to improve access to services such as education and health (National Health Insurance schemes, accessible clinics) but also to increase the effect of disability-specific benefits and employment equity policies. PMID:28730066

Self-reported stigma and its association with socio-demographic factors and physical disability in people with intellectual disabilities: results from a cross-sectional study in England.

PubMed

Ali, Afia; King, Michael; Strydom, Andre; Hassiotis, Angela

2016-03-01

The aim of this study was to investigate whether socio-demographic variables and physical disability (e.g. sensory impairment and mobility problems) were associated with self-reported stigma in people with intellectual disabilities (ID), and to examine whether age, sex and ethnicity modified the relationship between severity of intellectual disability and self-reported stigma. 229 participants with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities were recruited from 12 centres/sites in England from community intellectual disability services, day centres, supported housing schemes, voluntary organisations and invitation letters. Information on physical disability and socio-demographic variables were obtained using a structured data collection form. Self-reported stigma was measured using a validated questionnaire. Age was associated with self-reported stigma, with older adults reporting more stigmatising experiences. Participants with moderate intellectual disabilities were more likely to report being treated differently such as being made fun of and being treated like children. Physical disability such as sensory, mobility and speech problems were not associated with self-reported stigma. Gender modified the relationship between severity of ID and self-reported stigma as participants who were male and had moderate ID were more likely to report stigma compared to females with moderate ID. Categorical age also modified the relationship between severity of ID and self-reported stigma as older participants who had moderate ID were more likely to report stigma compared to younger people with moderate ID. Older adults and those with moderate ID are potentially at higher risk of being targets of public stigma or are more likely to report stigma. Interventions to help individuals cope with stigma could be targeted to this group.