Systematization, description, and territory of the caudal cerebral artery in surface of the brain of the ostrich (Struthio camelus).

PubMed

Nazer, Manoel; Campos, Rui

2014-08-01

Brain specimens from 30 ostriches were injected with red-dyed latex via the internal carotid arteries, and the caudal cerebral arteries and their branches were systematically described. On the right side, the caudal cerebral artery was double-, triple-, quadruple-, and single-branched in 73.5%, 23.3%, 3.3%, and 3.3% of cases, respectively; on the left side, it was double-, triple-, quadruple-, and single-branched in 76.7%, 20%, 3.3%, and 3.3% of cases, respectively. The dorsal tectal mesencephalic artery appeared as a single vessel in 96.7% of cases, emerging as a collateral branch of the caudal cerebral artery. The dorsal mesencephalic tectal artery originated from the right dorsal cerebellar artery in 40% of cases and from the left side in 63.3% of cases. On the right side, there were four and three medial occipital hemispheric branches in 46.7% and 20% of cases, respectively; on the left side, there were four and three branches in 30% and 26.7% of cases. On the right side, the pineal artery was double-, single-, triple-, and quadruple-branched in 50%, 23.3%, 20%, and 6.7% of cases, respectively; on the left side, this artery was double-, single-, triple-, and quadruple-branched in 50%, 23.3%, 16.7%, and 10% of cases, respectively. The diencephalic artery was on the right side in 43.3% of cases and on the left side in 56.7% of cases. The interhemispheric artery was on the right side in 56.7% of cases and on the left side in 43.3% of cases; four, three, two, five, and one dorsal hemispheric trunks branched off of the interhemispheric artery in 40%, 40%, 10%, 6.7%, and 26.7% of cases, respectively. The caudal cerebral artery was classified as Type I in 56.7% of cases (subtype IA in 33.3% of cases and IB in 23.3% of cases), Type II in 40% of cases (subtype IIA in 20% of cases and IIB in 20% of cases), and Type III in 3.3% of cases. Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Design of permanent magnet eddy current brake for a small scaled electromagnetic launch model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Shigui; Yu, Haitao; Hu, Minqiang; Huang, Lei

2012-04-01

A variable pole-pitch double-sided permanent magnet (PM) linear eddy current brake (LECB) is proposed for a small scaled electromagnetic launch model. A two-dimensional (2D) analytical steady state model is presented for the double-sided PM-LECB, and the expression for the braking force is derived. Based on the analytical model, the material and eddy current skin effect of the conducting plate are analyzed. Moreover, a variable pole-pitch double-sided PM-LECB is proposed for the effective braking of the moving plate. In addition, the braking force is predicted by finite element (FE) analysis, and the simulated results are in good agreement with the analytical model. Finally, a prototype is presented to test the braking profile for validation of the proposed design.

Accurate ab initio potential energy surface, thermochemistry, and dynamics of the F(-) + CH3F SN2 and proton-abstraction reactions.

PubMed

Szabó, István; Telekes, Hajnalka; Czakó, Gábor

2015-06-28

We develop a full-dimensional global analytical potential energy surface (PES) for the F(-) + CH3F reaction by fitting about 50 000 energy points obtained by an explicitly correlated composite method based on the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation-F12 and coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples-F12a methods and the cc-pVnZ-F12 [n = D, T] basis sets. The PES accurately describes the (a) back-side attack Walden inversion mechanism involving the pre- and post-reaction (b) ion-dipole and (c) hydrogen-bonded complexes, the configuration-retaining (d) front-side attack and (e) double-inversion substitution pathways, as well as (f) the proton-abstraction channel. The benchmark quality relative energies of all the important stationary points are computed using the focal-point analysis (FPA) approach considering electron correlation up to coupled-cluster singles, doubles, triples, and perturbative quadruples method, extrapolation to the complete basis set limit, core-valence correlation, and scalar relativistic effects. The FPA classical(adiabatic) barrier heights of (a), (d), and (e) are -0.45(-0.61), 46.07(45.16), and 29.18(26.07) kcal mol(-1), respectively, the dissociation energies of (b) and (c) are 13.81(13.56) and 13.73(13.52) kcal mol(-1), respectively, and the endothermicity of (f) is 42.54(38.11) kcal mol(-1). Quasiclassical trajectory computations of cross sections, scattering (θ) and initial attack (α) angle distributions, as well as translational and internal energy distributions are performed for the F(-) + CH3F(v = 0) reaction using the new PES. Apart from low collision energies (Ecoll), the SN2 excitation function is nearly constant, the abstraction cross sections rapidly increase with Ecoll from a threshold of ∼40 kcal mol(-1), and retention trajectories via double inversion are found above Ecoll = ∼ 30 kcal mol(-1), and at Ecoll = ∼ 50 kcal mol(-1), the front-side attack cross sections start to increase very rapidly. At low Ecoll, the indirect mechanism dominates (mainly isotropic backward-forward symmetric θ distribution and translationally cold products) and significant long-range orientation effects (isotropic α distribution) and barrier recrossings are found. At higher Ecoll, the SN2 reaction mainly proceeds with direct rebound mechanism (backward scattering and hot product translation).

Accurate ab initio potential energy surface, thermochemistry, and dynamics of the F- + CH3F SN2 and proton-abstraction reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szabó, István; Telekes, Hajnalka; Czakó, Gábor

2015-06-01

We develop a full-dimensional global analytical potential energy surface (PES) for the F- + CH3F reaction by fitting about 50 000 energy points obtained by an explicitly correlated composite method based on the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation-F12 and coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples-F12a methods and the cc-pVnZ-F12 [n = D, T] basis sets. The PES accurately describes the (a) back-side attack Walden inversion mechanism involving the pre- and post-reaction (b) ion-dipole and (c) hydrogen-bonded complexes, the configuration-retaining (d) front-side attack and (e) double-inversion substitution pathways, as well as (f) the proton-abstraction channel. The benchmark quality relative energies of all the important stationary points are computed using the focal-point analysis (FPA) approach considering electron correlation up to coupled-cluster singles, doubles, triples, and perturbative quadruples method, extrapolation to the complete basis set limit, core-valence correlation, and scalar relativistic effects. The FPA classical(adiabatic) barrier heights of (a), (d), and (e) are -0.45(-0.61), 46.07(45.16), and 29.18(26.07) kcal mol-1, respectively, the dissociation energies of (b) and (c) are 13.81(13.56) and 13.73(13.52) kcal mol-1, respectively, and the endothermicity of (f) is 42.54(38.11) kcal mol-1. Quasiclassical trajectory computations of cross sections, scattering (θ) and initial attack (α) angle distributions, as well as translational and internal energy distributions are performed for the F- + CH3F(v = 0) reaction using the new PES. Apart from low collision energies (Ecoll), the SN2 excitation function is nearly constant, the abstraction cross sections rapidly increase with Ecoll from a threshold of ˜40 kcal mol-1, and retention trajectories via double inversion are found above Ecoll = ˜ 30 kcal mol-1, and at Ecoll = ˜ 50 kcal mol-1, the front-side attack cross sections start to increase very rapidly. At low Ecoll, the indirect mechanism dominates (mainly isotropic backward-forward symmetric θ distribution and translationally cold products) and significant long-range orientation effects (isotropic α distribution) and barrier recrossings are found. At higher Ecoll, the SN2 reaction mainly proceeds with direct rebound mechanism (backward scattering and hot product translation).

Abnormal macropore formation during double-sided gas tungsten arc welding of magnesium AZ91D alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shen Jun; You Guoqiang; Long Siyuan

2008-08-15

One of the major concerns during gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of cast magnesium alloys is the presence of large macroporosity in weldments, normally thought to occur from the presence of gas in the castings. In this study, a double-sided GTA welding process was adopted to join wrought magnesium AZ91D alloy plates. Micropores were formed in the weld zone of the first side that was welded, due to precipitation of H{sub 2} as the mushy zone freezes. When the reverse side was welded, the heat generated caused the mushy zone in the initial weld to reform. The micropores in themore » initial weld then coalesced and expanded to form macropores by means of gas expansion through small holes that are present at the grain boundaries in the partially melted zone. Macropores in the partially melted zone increase with increased heat input, so that when a filler metal is used the macropores are smaller in number and in size.« less

Double-dose, new-generation proton pump inhibitors do not improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rate.

PubMed

Choi, Hyo Sun; Park, Dong Il; Hwang, Sang Jun; Park, Jung Sik; Kim, Hong Joo; Cho, Yong Kyun; Sohn, Chong Il; Jeon, Woo Kyu; Kim, Byung Ik

2007-12-01

Up to present, omeprazole plus two antibiotics are used for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy . Few studies have compared double-dose new-generation, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) with omeprazole. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, prospective study to evaluate differences in H. pylori eradication rates by PPI type. Between January 2006 and December 2006, 576 consecutive patients with proven H. pylori infection were enrolled prospectively. Four different PPIs [omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. (old generation), or pantoprazole 40 mg b.i.d., rabeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., or esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. (new generation)] were added to clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d.) and amoxicillin (1 g b.i.d.) for 1 week. By intention-to-treat analysis, no difference was found between the eradication rates of these four PPIs: 64.9% (omeprazole, n = 148), 69.3% (pantoprazole, n = 140), 69.3% (rabeprazole, n = 140), and 72.9% (esomoprazole, n = 148). When eradication rates were analyzed according to whether patients had an ulcer or not on a per-protocol basis, no difference was found between the eradication rates of the four PPIs. However, side-effects were more common in the esomeprazole-based triple therapy group than in the other groups (p < .05). No convincing evidence was obtained that double-dose new-generation PPIs have better H. pylori eradication rates and tolerability than omeprazole.

Single-longitudinal-mode, narrow bandwidth double-ring fiber laser stabilized by an efficiently taper-coupled high roundness microsphere resonator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wan, Hongdan; Liu, Linqian; Ding, Zuoqin; Wang, Jie; Xiao, Yu; Zhang, Zuxing

2018-06-01

This paper proposes and demonstrates a single-longitudinal-mode, narrow bandwidth fiber laser, using an ultra-high roundness microsphere resonator (MSR) with a stabilized package as the single-longitudinal-mode selector inside a double-ring fiber cavity. By improving the heating technology and surface cleaning process, MSR with high Q factor are obtained. With the optimized coupling condition, light polarization state and fiber taper diameter, we achieve whispering gallery mode (WGM) spectra with a high extinction ratio of 23 dB, coupling efficiency of 99.5%, a 3 dB bandwidth of 1 pm and a side-mode-suppression-ratio of 14.5 dB. The proposed fiber laser produces single-longitudinal-mode laser output with a 20-dB frequency linewidth of about 340 kHz, a signal-to-background ratio of 54 dB and a high long-term stability without mode-hopping, which is potential for optical communication and sensing applications.

Single-shot intraoperative local anaesthetic infiltration does not reduce morphine consumption after total hip arthroplasty: a double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized study.

PubMed

Zoric, L; Cuvillon, P; Alonso, S; Demattei, C; Vialles, N; Asencio, G; Ripart, J; Nouvellon, E

2014-04-01

The infiltration of local anaesthetic (LA), ketorolac, and epinephrine has been suggested to be effective for analgesia after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The part of action of each component of the mixture remains unclear. We investigated the contribution of infiltration of ropivacaine alone on the morphine consumption during the first 24 h after surgery. Sixty patients undergoing primary THA were included in this prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial, after IRB approval and informed consent. Surgical and general anaesthetic management were standardized. At the end of surgery, 80 ml of ropivacaine 0.2% (160 mg) or saline was infiltrated. The primary endpoint was morphine consumption 24 h after surgery. The secondary endpoints were: visual analogue scale scores and opioid side-effects at H2, H4, H8, H12, H24, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, rehabilitation programme progress, chronic pain level, analgesic consumption, and surgical result at 3 months and 1 yr after surgery. The observation period was 1 yr. Groups were similar for patient characteristic and perioperative characteristics. The ropivacaine wound infiltration did not reduce morphine consumption at 24 h [median (25th and 75th inter-quartile) 27 (17-37) mg in the ropivacaine group vs 24 (18-34) mg in the placebo group, P=0.51] or its side-effects. No effect was found on rehabilitation progress or chronic pain after 3 months or 1 yr, but these were not the main endpoints of the study. Ropivacaine infiltration alone did not reduce morphine consumption at 24 h after operation nor did it improve postoperative rehabilitation.

Combinatorial Market Processing for Multilateral Coordination

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

8 In the classical auction theory literature, most of the attention is focused on one-sided, single-item auctions [86]. There is now a growing body of...Programming in Infinite-dimensional Spaces: Theory and Applications, Wiley, 1987. [3] K. J. Arrow, “An extension of the basic theorems of classical ...Commodities, Princeton University Press, 1969. [43] D. Friedman and J. Rust, The Double Auction Market: Institutions, Theories, and Evidence, Addison

A series of compact rejection filters based on the interaction between spoof SPPs and CSRRs.

PubMed

Zhang, Qian; Zhang, Hao Chi; Yin, Jia Yuan; Pan, Bai Cao; Cui, Tie Jun

2016-06-21

We propose a method to synthesize several band-rejection filters by etching split-ring resonators (SRRs) on the transmission line for spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which is made of double-side or single-side corrugated metal strips. From dispersion relations, the corrugated strips can support spoof SPP modes when the operating frequency is less than the cutoff frequency. The electric field component perpendicular to the strip surface of the SPP modes can excite the complementary SRRs (CSRRs), leading to resonant modes preventing the SPP propagation near the resonant frequencies. Using this principle, single-frequency rejection filters, double-frequency rejection filters, and broad band-stop filters with bandwidth of 1.5 GHz have been designed and fabricated using the single- and/or double-side corrugated strips. Both measured results and numerical simulations demonstrate the excellent filtering characteristics of all design, which are in good agreements. The isolation of all filters can be less than -20 dB, and even reach to -38 dB at rejection frequencies. The proposed rejection and stop-band filters give important potentials to develop integrated plasmonic functional devices and circuits at microwave and terahertz frequencies.

Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO 4 crystals

DOE PAGES

Lucchini, Marco Toliman; Auffray, E.; Benaglia, A.; ...

2016-04-18

Test beam results of a calorimetric module based on 3×3×22 cm 3 PbWO 4 crystals, identical to those used in the CMS ECAL Endcaps, read out by a pair of photodetectors coupled to the two opposite sides (front and rear) of each crystal are presented. Nine crystals with different level of induced absorption, from 0 to 20 m -1, have been tested using electrons in the 50–200 GeV energy range. Photomultiplier tubes have been chosen as photodetectors to allow for a precise measurement of highly damaged crystals. The information provided by this double side read-out configuration allows to correct formore » event-by-event fluctuations of the longitudinal development of electromagnetic showers. By strongly mitigating the effect of non-uniform light collection efficiency induced by radiation damage, the double side read-out technique significantly improves the energy resolution with respect to a single side read-out configuration. The non-linearity of the response arising in damaged crystals is also corrected by a double side read-out configuration and the response linearity of irradiated crystals is restored. In high radiation environments at future colliders, as it will be the case for detectors operating during the High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider, defects can be created inside the scintillator volume leading to a non-uniform response of the calorimetric cell. As a result, the double side read-out technique presented in this study provides a valuable way to improve the performance of calorimeters based on scintillators whose active volumes are characterized by high aspect ratio cells similar to those used in this study.« less

Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO 4 crystals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lucchini, Marco Toliman; Auffray, E.; Benaglia, A.

Test beam results of a calorimetric module based on 3×3×22 cm 3 PbWO 4 crystals, identical to those used in the CMS ECAL Endcaps, read out by a pair of photodetectors coupled to the two opposite sides (front and rear) of each crystal are presented. Nine crystals with different level of induced absorption, from 0 to 20 m -1, have been tested using electrons in the 50–200 GeV energy range. Photomultiplier tubes have been chosen as photodetectors to allow for a precise measurement of highly damaged crystals. The information provided by this double side read-out configuration allows to correct formore » event-by-event fluctuations of the longitudinal development of electromagnetic showers. By strongly mitigating the effect of non-uniform light collection efficiency induced by radiation damage, the double side read-out technique significantly improves the energy resolution with respect to a single side read-out configuration. The non-linearity of the response arising in damaged crystals is also corrected by a double side read-out configuration and the response linearity of irradiated crystals is restored. In high radiation environments at future colliders, as it will be the case for detectors operating during the High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider, defects can be created inside the scintillator volume leading to a non-uniform response of the calorimetric cell. As a result, the double side read-out technique presented in this study provides a valuable way to improve the performance of calorimeters based on scintillators whose active volumes are characterized by high aspect ratio cells similar to those used in this study.« less

Memantine as adjunctive treatment to risperidone in children with autistic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

PubMed

Ghaleiha, Ali; Asadabadi, Mahtab; Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza; Shahei, Maryam; Tabrizi, Mina; Hajiaghaee, Reza; Hassanzadeh, Elmira; Akhondzadeh, Shahin

2013-05-01

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes significant impairment in socialization and communication. It is also associated with ritualistic and stereotypical behaviour. Recent studies propose both hyper-and hypoglutamatergic ideologies for autism. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of memantine plus risperidone in the treatment of children with autism. Children with autism were randomly allocated to risperidone plus memantine or placebo plus risperidone for a 10-wk, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The dose of risperidone was titrated up to 3 mg/d and memantine was titrated to 20 mg/d. Children were assessed at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wk of starting medication protocol. The primary outcome measure was the irritability subscale of Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C). Difference between the two treatment arms was significant as the group that received memantine had greater reduction in ABC-C subscale scores for irritability, stereotypic behaviour and hyperactivity. Eight side-effects were observed over the trial, out of the 25 side-effects that the checklist included. The difference between the two groups in the frequency of side-effects was not significant. The present study suggests that memantine may be a potential adjunctive treatment strategy for autism and it was generally well tolerated. This trial is registered with the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry (IRCT1138901151556N10; www.irct.ir).

Poecillastrosides, Steroidal Saponins from the Mediterranean Deep-Sea Sponge Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)

PubMed Central

Calabro, Kevin; Kalahroodi, Elaheh Lotfi; Rodrigues, Daniel; Díaz, Caridad; de la Cruz, Mercedes; Cautain, Bastien; Laville, Rémi; Reyes, Fernando; Pérez, Thierry; Soussi, Bassam; Thomas, Olivier P.

2017-01-01

The first chemical investigation of the Mediterranean deep-sea sponge Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) led to the identification of seven new steroidal saponins named poecillastrosides A–G (1–7). All saponins feature an oxidized methyl at C-18 into a primary alcohol or a carboxylic acid. While poecillastrosides A–D (1–4) all contain an exo double bond at C-24 of the side-chain and two osidic residues connected at O-2′, poecillastrosides E–G (5–7) are characterized by a cyclopropane on the side-chain and a connection at O-3′ between both sugar units. The chemical structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis (High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRESIMS), 1D and 2D NMR) and the absolute configurations of the sugar residues were assigned after acidic hydrolysis and cysteine derivatization followed by LC-HRMS analyses. Poecillastrosides D and E, bearing a carboxylic acid at C-18, were shown to exhibit antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. PMID:28672858

Poecillastrosides, Steroidal Saponins from the Mediterranean Deep-Sea Sponge Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866).

PubMed

Calabro, Kevin; Kalahroodi, Elaheh Lotfi; Rodrigues, Daniel; Díaz, Caridad; Cruz, Mercedes de la; Cautain, Bastien; Laville, Rémi; Reyes, Fernando; Pérez, Thierry; Soussi, Bassam; Thomas, Olivier P

2017-06-26

The first chemical investigation of the Mediterranean deep-sea sponge Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) led to the identification of seven new steroidal saponins named poecillastrosides A-G ( 1 - 7 ). All saponins feature an oxidized methyl at C-18 into a primary alcohol or a carboxylic acid. While poecillastrosides A-D ( 1 - 4 ) all contain an exo double bond at C-24 of the side-chain and two osidic residues connected at O-2', poecillastrosides E-G ( 5 - 7 ) are characterized by a cyclopropane on the side-chain and a connection at O-3' between both sugar units. The chemical structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis (High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRESIMS), 1D and 2D NMR) and the absolute configurations of the sugar residues were assigned after acidic hydrolysis and cysteine derivatization followed by LC-HRMS analyses. Poecillastrosides D and E, bearing a carboxylic acid at C-18, were shown to exhibit antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus .

Novel Software-Assisted Hemodynamic Evaluation of Pelvic Flow During Chemoperfusion of Pelvic Arteries for Bladder Cancer: Double- Versus Single-Balloon Technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yamamoto, Kiyohito, E-mail: rad105@poh.osaka-med.ac.jp; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro, E-mail: rad043@poh.osaka-med.ac.jp; Nakai, Go, E-mail: rad091@poh.osaka-med.ac.jp

2016-06-15

PurposeApproximately 83 % of patients with bladder cancer have achieved a complete response after undergoing a novel bladder preservation therapy involving balloon-occluded intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (BOAI) using a four-lumen double-balloon catheter, known as the Osaka Medical College regimen. This study aimed to show the quantitative difference in hemodynamics of the bladder arteries using syngo iFlow (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany), which provides an automatic tool for quantitative blood flow analysis between double BOAI (D-BOAI) and conventional single BOAI (S-BOAI).Materials and MethodsFifty patients were included. The catheters were introduced into both posterior trunks of the internal iliac arteries via contralateral femoral artery access.more » A side hole between the distal and proximal balloons was placed at the origin of each bladder artery to allow clear visualization of angiographic flow of the injected agent into the urinary bladder. Digital subtraction angiography was used during analysis with the syngo iFlow to evaluate the hemodynamics of the contrast medium in the pelvic arteries during BOAI. The comparative change in the amount of contrast medium in the bladder arteries between D-BOAI and S-BOAI was assessed using syngo iFlow.ResultsOne-hundred pelvic sides were analyzed. The amount of contrast medium in the bladder arteries using D-BOAI was more than twice that using S-BOAI (right, 3.03-fold; left, 2.81-fold).ConclusionThe amount of contrast medium in the bladder arteries using D-BOAI was higher than that using conventional S-BOAI. This may increase the anticancer drug concentration in the affected bladder, leading to a good clinical response.« less

A high extinction ratio THz polarizer fabricated by double-bilayer wire grid structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Bin; Wang, Haitao; Shen, Jun; Yang, Jun; Mao, Hongyan; Xia, Liangping; Zhang, Weiguo; Wang, Guodong; Peng, Xiao-Yu; Wang, Deqiang

2016-02-01

We designed a new style of broadband terahertz (THz) polarizer with double-bilayer wire grid structure by fabricating them on both sides of silicon substrate. This THz polarizer shows a high average extinction ratio of 60dB in 0.5 to 2.0 THz frequency range and the maximum of 87 dB at 1.06 THz, which is much higher than that of conventional monolayer wire grid polarizers and single-bilayer wire grid ones.

Collisions of plastic and foam laser-driven foils studied by orthogonal x-ray imaging.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aglitskiy, Y.; Metzler, N.; Karasik, M.; Serlin, V.; Obenschain, S. P.; Schmitt, A. J.; Velikovich, A. L.; Zalesak, S. T.; Gardner, J. H.; Weaver, J.; Oh, J.; Harding, E. C.

2007-11-01

We report an experimental study of hydrodynamic Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov-type instabilities developing at the material interface produced in double-foil collisions. Our double-foil targets consist of a plastic foil irradiated by the 4 ns Nike KrF laser pulse at ˜50 TW/cm^2 and accelerated toward a stationary plastic or foam foil. Either the rear side of the front foil or the front side of the rear foil is rippled. Orthogonal imaging, i. e., a simultaneous side-on and face-on x-ray radiography of the targets has been used in these experiments to observe the process of collision and the evolution of the areal mass amplitude modulation. Its observed evolution is similar to the case of the classical RM instability in finite thickness targets first studied by Y. Aglitsky et al., Phys. Plasmas 13, 80703 (2006). Our data are favorably compared with 1D and 2D simulation results.

Effect of Two Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant in Bupivacaine Induced Subarachnoid Block for Elective Abdominal Hysterectomy Operations: A Prospective, Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Study

PubMed Central

Das, Anjan; Halder, Susanta; Chattopadhyay, Surajit; Mandal, Parthajit; Chhaule, Subinay; Banu, Rezina

2015-01-01

Objectives Improvements in perioperative pain management for lower abdominal operations has been shown to reduce morbidity, induce early ambulation, and improve patients’ long-term outcomes. Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha-2 agonist, has recently been used intrathecally as adjuvant to spinal anesthesia to prolong its efficacy. We compared two different doses of dexmedetomidine added to hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. The primary endpoints were the onset and duration of sensory and motor block, and duration of analgesia.   Methods A total of 100 patients, aged 35–60 years old, assigned to have elective abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia were divided into two equally sized groups (D5 and D10) in a randomized, double-blind fashion. The D5 group was intrathecally administered 3ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 5µg dexmedetomidine in 0.5ml of normal saline and the D10 group 3ml 0.5% bupivacaine with 10µg dexmedetomidine in 0.5ml of normal saline. For each patient, sensory and motor block onset times, block durations, time to first analgesic use, total analgesic need, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, hemodynamics, and side effects were recorded.   Results Although both groups had a similar demographic profile, sensory and motor block in the D10 group (p<0.050) was earlier than the D5 group. Sensory and motor block duration and time to first analgesic use were significantly longer and the need for rescue analgesics was lower in the D10 group than the D5 group. The 24-hour VAS score was significantly lower in the D10 group (p<0.050). Intergroup hemodynamics were comparable (p>0.050) without any appreciable side effects.   Conclusion Spinal dexmedetomidine increases the sensory and motor block duration and time to first analgesic use, and decreases analgesic consumption in a dose-dependent manner. PMID:26366259

NirN Protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Novel Electron-bifurcating Dehydrogenase Catalyzing the Last Step of Heme d1 Biosynthesis*

PubMed Central

Adamczack, Julia; Hoffmann, Martin; Papke, Ulrich; Haufschildt, Kristin; Nicke, Tristan; Bröring, Martin; Sezer, Murat; Weimar, Rebecca; Kuhlmann, Uwe; Hildebrandt, Peter; Layer, Gunhild

2014-01-01

Heme d1 plays an important role in denitrification as the essential cofactor of the cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase NirS. At present, the biosynthesis of heme d1 is only partially understood. The last step of heme d1 biosynthesis requires a so far unknown enzyme that catalyzes the introduction of a double bond into one of the propionate side chains of the tetrapyrrole yielding the corresponding acrylate side chain. In this study, we show that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain lacking the NirN protein does not produce heme d1. Instead, the NirS purified from this strain contains the heme d1 precursor dihydro-heme d1 lacking the acrylic double bond, as indicated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the dihydro-heme d1 was extracted from purified NirS and characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and finally identified by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Moreover, we show that purified NirN from P. aeruginosa binds the dihydro-heme d1 and catalyzes the introduction of the acrylic double bond in vitro. Strikingly, NirN uses an electron bifurcation mechanism for the two-electron oxidation reaction, during which one electron ends up on its heme c cofactor and the second electron reduces the substrate/product from the ferric to the ferrous state. On the basis of our results, we propose novel roles for the proteins NirN and NirF during the biosynthesis of heme d1. PMID:25204657

Convergent synthesis of double point modified analogs of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 for biological evaluation.

PubMed

Nadkarni, Sharmin; Chodyński, Michał; Krajewski, Krzysztof; Cmoch, Piotr; Marcinkowska, Ewa; Brown, Geoffrey; Kutner, Andrzej

2016-11-01

There is a long lasting controversy over the biological activity of vitamin D 2 as compared to vitamin D 3 in terms of maintaining of calcium homeostasis and raising the level of circulating 25-OH-D. To shed more light on this relationship we synthesized 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 , by a novel convergent strategy, to compare this compound directly with the activity of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 . The same synthetic strategy also provided a series of (5E,7E) geometric isomers of the natural 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 as well as a series of double point modified analogs of its (24R)-epimer, including C-22 hydroxy derivatives. The structure of the new analogs was determined by 1 H and 13 C NMR as well as by mass spectrometry. The influence of (5E,7E) modification, alone or in combination with additional modifications in the side chain, on the activity profile and metabolic deactivation of analogs of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 still remains unknown. (5E,7E) modification in the structure of new analogs of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 is expected to give analogs with no influence on calcium level, as was previously obtained for the analogs of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 . Investigation of the affinities for the vitamin D receptor and cell differentiation, transcriptional and calcium activities of the most active form of vitamin D 2 and of (5E,7E) analogs, compared to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , is underway in the collaborating laboratories. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elaborate Manipulation for Sub-10 nm Hollow Catalyst Sensitized Heterogeneous Oxide Nanofibers for Room Temperature Chemical Sensors.

PubMed

Jang, Ji-Soo; Choi, Seon-Jin; Koo, Won-Tae; Kim, Sang-Joon; Cheong, Jun Young; Kim, Il-Doo

2017-07-26

Room-temperature (RT) operation sensors are constantly in increasing demand because of their low power consumption, simple operation, and long lifetime. However, critical challenges such as low sensing performance, vulnerability under highly humid state, and poor recyclability hinder their commercialization. In this work, sub-10 nm hollow, bimetallic Pt-Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully formed by galvanic replacement reaction in bioinspired hollow protein templates and sensitized on the multidimensional SnO 2 -WO 3 heterojunction nanofibers (HNFs). Formation of hollow, bimetallic NPs resulted in the double-side catalytic effect, rendering both surface and inner side chemical reactions. Subsequently, SnO 2 -WO 3 HNFs were synthesized by incorporating 2D WO 3 nanosheets (NSs) with 0D SnO 2 sphere by c-axis growth inhibition effect and fluid dynamics of liquid Sn during calcination. Hierarchically assembled HNFs effectively modulate surface depletion layer of 2D WO 3 NSs by electron transfers from WO 3 to SnO 2 stemming from creation of heterojunction. Careful combination of bimetallic catalyst NPs with HNFs provided an extreme recyclability under exhaled breath (95 RH%) with outstanding H 2 S sensitivity. Such sensing platform clearly distinguished between the breath of healthy people and simulated halitosis patients.

Double-inversion mechanisms of the X⁻ + CH₃Y [X,Y = F, Cl, Br, I] SN2 reactions.

PubMed

Szabó, István; Czakó, Gábor

2015-03-26

The double-inversion and front-side attack transition states as well as the proton-abstraction channels of the X(-) + CH3Y [X,Y = F, Cl, Br, I] reactions are characterized by the explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12b/aug-cc-pVTZ(-PP) level of theory using small-core relativistic effective core potentials and the corresponding aug-cc-pVTZ-PP bases for Br and I. In the X = F case the double-inversion classical(adiabatic) barrier heights are 28.7(25.6), 15.8(13.4), 13.2(11.0), and 8.6(6.6) kcal mol(-1) for Y = F, Cl, Br, and I, respectively, whereas the barrier heights are in the 40-90 kcal mol(-1) range for the other 12 reactions. The abstraction channels are always above the double-inversion saddle points. For X = F, the front-side attack classical(adiabatic) barrier heights, 45.8(44.8), 31.0(30.3), 24.7(24.2), and 19.5(19.3) kcal mol(-1) for Y = F, Cl, Br, and I, respectively, are higher than the corresponding double-inversion ones, whereas for the other systems the front-side attack saddle points are in the 35-70 kcal mol(-1) range. The double-inversion transition states have XH···CH2Y(-) structures with Cs point-group symmetry, and the front-side attack saddle points have either Cs (X = F or X = Y) or C1 symmetry with XCY angles in the 78-88° range. On the basis of the previous reaction dynamics simulations and the minimum energy path computations along the inversion coordinate of selected XH···CH2Y(-) systems, we suggest that the double inversion may be a general mechanism for SN2 reactions.

Airframe Noise Reduction Studies and Clean-Airframe Noise Investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fink, M. R.; Bailey, D. A.

1980-01-01

Acoustic wind tunnel tests were conducted of a wing model with modified leading edge slat and trailing edge flap. The modifications were intended to reduce the surface pressure response to convected turbulence and thereby reduce the airframe noise without changing the lift at constant incidence. Tests were conducted at 70.7 and 100 m/sec airspeeds, with Reynolds numbers 1.5 x 10 to the 6th power and 2.1 x 10 to the 6th power. Considerable reduction of noise radiation from the side edges of a 40 deflection single slotted flap was achieved by modification to the side edge regions or the leading edge region of the flap panel. Total far field noise was reduced 2 to 3 dB over several octaves of frequency. When these panels were installed as the aft panel of a 40 deg deflection double slotted flap, 2 dB noise reduction was achieved.

Placebo controlled, prospectively randomized, double-blinded study for the investigation of the effectiveness and safety of the acoustic wave therapy (AWT(®)) for cellulite treatment.

PubMed

Russe-Wilflingseder, Katharina; Russe-Wilfingsleder, Katharina; Russe, Elisabeth; Vester, Johannes C; Haller, Gerd; Novak, Pavel; Krotz, Alexander

2013-06-01

Placebo controlled double-blinded, prospectively randomized clinical trial with 17 patients (11 verum, 5 placebo) for evaluation of cellulite treatment with Acoustic Wave Therapy, (AWT(®)) was performed. The patients were treated once a week for 7 weeks, a total of 8 treatments with the D-ACTOR(®) 200 by Storz Medical AG. Data were collected at baseline, before 8th treatment, at 1 month (follow-up 1) and at 3 months (follow-up 2) after the last treatment with a patients' questionnaire, weight control, measurement of circumference and standardized photography. Treatment progress was further documented using a specially designed 3D imaging system (SkinSCAN(3D), 3D-Shape GmbH) providing an objective measure of cellulite (primary efficacy criteria). Patient's questionnaire in the verum group revealed an improvement in number and depth of dimples, skin firmness and texture, in shape and in reduction of circumference. The overall result (of skin waviness, Sq and Sz, surface and volume of depressions and elevations, Vvv and Vmp) at two follow-up visits indicates a more than medium sized superiority (MW = 0.6706) and is statistically significant (pWei-Lachin = 0.0106). The placebo group revealed no statistical significance. No side effects were seen. This indicates the efficacy and safety of AWT(®) for patients with cellulite.

Interior view of bedroom 3 showing double doors to dining ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view of bedroom 3 showing double doors to dining area and china dresser in background, facing southeast. - Albrook Air Force Station, Company Officer's Quarters, East side of Canfield Avenue, Balboa, Former Panama Canal Zone, CZ

Stability of hydrogenated graphene: a first-principles study

DOE PAGES

Yi, Ding; Yang, Liu; Xie, Shijie; ...

2015-02-10

In order to explain the disagreement between present theoretical and experimental investigations on the stability of hydrogenated graphene, we have systematically studied hydrogenated graphene with different configurations from the consideration of single-side and double-side adsorption using first-principles calculations. Both binding energy and formation energy are calculated to characterize the stability of the system. It is found that single-side hydrogenated graphene is always unstable. However, for double-side hydrogenation, some configurations are stable due to the increased carbon–carbon sp 3 hybridization compared to single-side hydrogenation. Furthermore, it is found that the system is energetically favorable when an equal number of hydrogen atomsmore » are adsorbed on each side of the graphene.« less

Spinning particles, axion radiation, and the classical double copy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldberger, Walter D.; Li, Jingping; Prabhu, Siddharth G.

2018-05-01

We extend the perturbative double copy between radiating classical sources in gauge theory and gravity to the case of spinning particles. We construct, to linear order in spins, perturbative radiating solutions to the classical Yang-Mills equations sourced by a set of interacting color charges with chromomagnetic dipole spin couplings. Using a color-to-kinematics replacement rule proposed earlier by one of the authors, these solutions map onto radiation in a theory of interacting particles coupled to massless fields that include the graviton, a scalar (dilaton) ϕ and the Kalb-Ramond axion field Bμ ν. Consistency of the double copy imposes constraints on the parameters of the theory on both the gauge and gravity sides of the correspondence. In particular, the color charges carry a chromomagnetic interaction which, in d =4 , corresponds to a gyromagnetic ratio equal to Dirac's value g =2 . The color-to-kinematics map implies that on the gravity side, the bulk theory of the fields (ϕ ,gμ ν,Bμ ν) has interactions which match those of d -dimensional "string gravity," as is the case both in the BCJ double copy of pure gauge theory scattering amplitudes and the KLT relations between the tree-level S -matrix elements of open and closed string theory.

Double Pass 595 nm Pulsed Dye Laser Does Not Enhance the Efficacy of Port Wine Stains Compared with Single Pass: A Randomized Comparison with Histological Examination.

PubMed

Yu, Wenxin; Zhu, Jiafang; Wang, Lizhen; Qiu, Yajing; Chen, Yijie; Yang, Xi; Chang, Lei; Ma, Gang; Lin, Xiaoxi

2018-03-27

To compare the efficacy and safety of double-pass pulsed dye laser (DWL) and single-pass PDL (SWL) in treating virgin port wine stain (PWS). The increase in the extent of vascular damage attributed to the use of double-pass techniques for PWS remains inconclusive. A prospective, side-by-side comparison with a histological study for virgin PWS is still lacking. Twenty-one patients (11 flat PWS, 10 hypertrophic PWS) with untreated PWS underwent 3 treatments at 2-month intervals. Each PWS was divided into three treatment sites: SWL, DWL, and untreated control. Chromametric and visual evaluation of the efficacy and evaluation of side effects were conducted 3 months after final treatment. Biopsies were taken at the treated sites immediately posttreatment. Chromametric and visual evaluation suggested that DWL sites showed no significant improvement compared with SWL (p > 0.05) in treating PWS. The mean depth of photothermal damage to the vessels was limited to a maximum of 0.36-0.41 mm in both SWL and DWL sides. Permanent side effects were not observed in any patients. Double-pass PDL does not enhance PWS clearance. To improve the clearance of PWS lesions, either the depth of laser penetration should be increased or greater photothermal damage to vessels should be generated.

Double-pass tapered amplifier diode laser with an output power of 1 W for an injection power of only 200 μW.

PubMed

Bolpasi, V; von Klitzing, W

2010-11-01

A 1 W tapered amplifier requiring only 200 μW of injection power at 780 nm is presented in this paper. This is achieved by injecting the seeding light into the amplifier from its tapered side and feeding the amplified light back into the small side. The amplified spontaneous emission of the tapered amplifier is suppressed by 75 dB. The double-passed tapered laser, presented here, is extremely stable and reliable. The output beam remains well coupled to the optical fiber for a timescale of months, whereas the injection of the seed light did not require realignment for over a year of daily operation.

Skin-Inspired Hydrogel-Elastomer Composite with Application in a Moisture Permeable Prosthetic Limb Liner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruiz, Esteban

Recent advances in fields such as 3D printing, and biomaterials, have enabled the development of a moisture permeable prosthetic liner. This project demonstrates the feasibility of the invention by addressing the three primary areas of risk including the mechanical strength, the permeability, and the ability to manufacture. The key enabling technology which allows the liner to operate is the skin inspired hydrogel elastomer composite. The skin inspiration is reflected in the molecular arrangement of the double network of polymers which mimics collagen-elastin toughening in the natural epidermis. A custom formulation for a novel tough double network nanocomposite reinforced hydrogel was developed to improve manufacturability of the liner. The liner features this double network nanocomposite reinforced hydrogel as a permeable membrane which is reinforced on either side by perforated silicone layers manufactured by 3d printing assisted casting. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on the individual hydrogels, as well as a representative sample of off the shelf prosthetic liners for comparison. Permeability testing was also done on the same set of materials and compared to literature values for traditional hydrogels. This work led to the manufacture of three generations of liner prototypes, with the second and third liner prototype being tested with human participants.

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

PubMed Central

Xie, Hongyu; Tewari, Radheshyam; Fukushima, Hiroyuki; Narendra, Jeffri; Heldt, Caryn; King, Julia; Minerick, Adrienne R.

2014-01-01

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 µm thick graphene paper and 100 µm double sided tape is described. The protocol details the procedures to construct a versatile, reusable, multiple layer, laminated dielectrophoresis chamber. Specifically, six layers of 50 µm x 0.7 cm x 2 cm graphene paper and five layers of double sided tape were alternately stacked together, then clamped to a glass slide. Then a 700 μm diameter micro-well was drilled through the laminated structure using a computer-controlled micro drilling machine. Insulating properties of the tape layer between adjacent graphene layers were assured by resistance tests. Silver conductive epoxy connected alternate layers of graphene paper and formed stable connections between the graphene paper and external copper wire electrodes. The finished device was then clamped and sealed to a glass slide. The electric field gradient was modeled within the multi-layer device. Dielectrophoretic behaviors of 6 μm polystyrene beads were demonstrated in the 1 mm deep micro-well, with medium conductivities ranging from 0.0001 S/m to 1.3 S/m, and applied signal frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Negative dielectrophoretic responses were observed in three dimensions over most of the conductivity-frequency space and cross-over frequency values are consistent with previously reported literature values. The device did not prevent AC electroosmosis and electrothermal flows, which occurred in the low and high frequency regions, respectively. The graphene paper utilized in this device is versatile and could subsequently function as a biosensor after dielectrophoretic characterizations are complete. PMID:24998694

Development of a 3D graphene electrode dielectrophoretic device.

PubMed

Xie, Hongyu; Tewari, Radheshyam; Fukushima, Hiroyuki; Narendra, Jeffri; Heldt, Caryn; King, Julia; Minerick, Adrienne R

2014-06-22

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 µm thick graphene paper and 100 µm double sided tape is described. The protocol details the procedures to construct a versatile, reusable, multiple layer, laminated dielectrophoresis chamber. Specifically, six layers of 50 µm x 0.7 cm x 2 cm graphene paper and five layers of double sided tape were alternately stacked together, then clamped to a glass slide. Then a 700 μm diameter micro-well was drilled through the laminated structure using a computer-controlled micro drilling machine. Insulating properties of the tape layer between adjacent graphene layers were assured by resistance tests. Silver conductive epoxy connected alternate layers of graphene paper and formed stable connections between the graphene paper and external copper wire electrodes. The finished device was then clamped and sealed to a glass slide. The electric field gradient was modeled within the multi-layer device. Dielectrophoretic behaviors of 6 μm polystyrene beads were demonstrated in the 1 mm deep micro-well, with medium conductivities ranging from 0.0001 S/m to 1.3 S/m, and applied signal frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Negative dielectrophoretic responses were observed in three dimensions over most of the conductivity-frequency space and cross-over frequency values are consistent with previously reported literature values. The device did not prevent AC electroosmosis and electrothermal flows, which occurred in the low and high frequency regions, respectively. The graphene paper utilized in this device is versatile and could subsequently function as a biosensor after dielectrophoretic characterizations are complete.

The XGS instrument on-board THESEUS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuschino, F.; Campana, R.; Labanti, C.; Marisaldi, M.; Amati, L.; Fiorini, M.; Uslenghi, M.; Baldazzi, G.; Evangelista, Y.; Elmi, I.; Feroci, M.; Frontera, F.; Rachevski, A.; Rignanese, L. P.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, G.; Zampa, N.; Rashevskaya, I.; Bellutti, P.; Piemonte, C.

2016-10-01

Consolidated techniques used for space-borne X-ray and gamma-ray instruments are based on the use of scintillators coupled to Silicon photo-detectors. This technology associated with modern very low noise read-out electronics allows the design of innovative architectures able to reduce drastically the system complexity and power consumption, also with a moderate-to-high number of channels. These detector architectures can be exploited in the design of space instrumentation for gamma-spectroscopy with the benefit of possible smart background rejection strategies. We describe a detector prototype with 3D imaging capabilities to be employed in future gamma-ray and particle space missions in the 0.002-100 MeV energy range. The instrument is based on a stack of scintillating bars read out by Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) at both ends. The spatial segmentation and the crystal double-side readout allow a 3D position reconstruction with ∼3 mm accuracy within the full active volume, using a 2D readout along the two external faces of the detector. Furthermore, one of the side of SDDs can be used simultaneously to detect X-rays in the 2-30 keV energy range. The characteristics of this instrument make it suitable in next generation gamma-ray and particle space missions for Earth or outer space observations, and it will be briefly illustrated.

Solution structure, mutagenesis, and NH exchange studies of the MutT enzyme-Mg 2+-8-oxo-dGMP complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massiah, M. A.; Saraswat, V.; Azurmendi, H. F.; Mildvan, A. S.

2004-08-01

The MutT pyrophosphohydrolase from E. coli (129 residues) catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (NTP), including 8-oxo-dGTP, by substitution at Pβ, to yield NMP and pyrophosphate. The product, 8-oxo-dGMP is an unusually tight binding, slowly exchanging inhibitor with a KD=52 nM, (Δ G°=-9.8 kcal/mol) which is 6.1 kcal/mol tighter than the binding of dGMP (Δ G°=-3.7 kcal/mol). The higher affinity for 8-oxo-dGMP results from a more favorable Δ Hbinding (-32 kcal/mol) despite an unfavorable - TΔ S° binding (+22 kcal/mol). The solution structure of the MutT-Mg 2+-8-oxo-dGMP complex shows a narrowed, hydrophobic nucleotide-binding cleft with Asn-119 and Arg-78 among the few polar residues. The N119A, N119D, R78K and R78A single mutations, and the R78K+N119A double mutant all showed largely intact active sites, on the basis of small changes in the kinetic parameters of dGTP hydrolysis and in 1H- 15N HSQC spectra. However, the N119A mutation profoundly weakened the active site binding of 8-oxo-dGMP by 4.3 kcal/mol (1650-fold). The N119D mutation also weakened 8-oxo-dGMP binding but only by 2.1 kcal/mol (37-fold), suggesting that Asn-119 functioned both as a hydrogen bond donor to C8O, and a hydrogen bond acceptor from N7H of 8-oxo-dGMP, while aspartate at position -119 functioned as an acceptor of a single hydrogen bond. Much smaller weakening effects (0.3-0.4 kcal/mol) on the binding of dGMP and dAMP were found, indicating specific hydrogen bonding of Asn-119 to 8-oxo-dGMP. While formation of the wild type MutT-Mg 2+-8-oxo-dGMP complex slowed the backbone NH exchange rates of 45 residues distributed throughout the protein, the same complex of the N119A mutant slowed the exchange rates of only 11 residues at or near the active site, indicating an increase in conformational flexibility of the N119A mutant. The R78K and R78A mutations weakened the binding of 8-oxo-dGMP by 1.7 and 1.1 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating a lesser role of Arg-78 than of Asn-119 in the selective binding of 8-oxo-dGMP, likely donating a single hydrogen bond to its C6O. The R78K+N119A double mutant weakened the binding of 8-oxo-dGMP ( KIslope=3.1 mM) by 6.5±0.2 kcal/mol which overlaps, within error with the sum of the effects of the two single mutants (6.0±0.3 kcal/mol). Such additive effects of the two single mutants in the double mutant are most simply explained by the independent functioning of Asn-119 and Arg-78 in the binding of 8-oxo-dGMP. Independent functioning of these two residues in nucleotide binding is consistent with their locations in the MutT-Mg 2+-8-oxo-dGMP complex, on opposite sides of the active site cleft, with a distance of 8.4±0.5 Å between their side chain nitrogens.

Structures of actin-bound Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 (WH2) domains of Spire and the implication for filament nucleation.

PubMed

Ducka, Anna M; Joel, Peteranne; Popowicz, Grzegorz M; Trybus, Kathleen M; Schleicher, Michael; Noegel, Angelika A; Huber, Robert; Holak, Tad A; Sitar, Tomasz

2010-06-29

Three classes of proteins are known to nucleate new filaments: the Arp2/3 complex, formins, and the third group of proteins that contain ca. 25 amino acid long actin-binding Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 domains, called the WH2 repeats. Crystal structures of the complexes between the actin-binding WH2 repeats of the Spire protein and actin were determined for the Spire single WH2 domain D, the double (SpirCD), triple (SpirBCD), quadruple (SpirABCD) domains, and an artificial Spire WH2 construct comprising three identical D repeats (SpirDDD). SpirCD represents the minimal functional core of Spire that can nucleate actin filaments. Packing in the crystals of the actin complexes with SpirCD, SpirBCD, SpirABCD, and SpirDDD shows the presence of two types of assemblies, "side-to-side" and "straight-longitudinal," which can serve as actin filament nuclei. The principal feature of these structures is their loose, open conformations, in which the sides of actins that normally constitute the inner interface core of a filament are flipped inside out. These Spire structures are distant from those seen in the filamentous nuclei of Arp2/3, formins, and in the F-actin filament.

Facile preparation of magnetic graphene double-sided mesoporous composites for the selective enrichment and analysis of endogenous peptides.

PubMed

Yin, Peng; Sun, Nianrong; Deng, Chunhui; Li, Yan; Zhang, Xiangmin; Yang, Pengyuan

2013-08-01

In this work, magnetic graphene double-sided mesoporous nanocomposites (mag-graphene@mSiO₂) were synthesized by coating a layer of mesoporous silica materials on each side of magnetic grapheme. The surfactant (CTAB) mediated sol-gel coating was performed using tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silica source. The as-made magnetic graphene double-sided mesoporous silica composites were treated with high-temperature calcination to remove the hydroxyl on the surface. The novel double-sided materials possess high surface area (167.8 cm²/g) and large pore volume (0.2 cm³/g). The highly open pore structure presents uniform pore size (3.2 nm) and structural stability. The hydrophobic interior pore walls could ensure an efficient adsorption of target molecules through hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction. At the same time, the magnetic Fe₃O₄ particles on both sides of the materials could simplify the process of enrichment, which plays an important role in the treatment of complex biological samples. The magnetic graphene double-sided nanocomposites were successfully applied to size-selective and specific enrichment of peptides in standard peptide mixtures, protein digest solutions, and human urine samples. Finally, the novel material was applied to selective enrichment of endogenous peptides in mouse brain tissue. The enriched endogenous peptides were then analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and 409 endogenous peptides were detected and identified. The results demonstrate that the as-made mag-graphene@mSiO₂ have powerful potential for peptidome research. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Polar Radiation-Flux Symmetry Measurements in Z-Pinch-Driven Hohlraums with Symmetric Double-Pinch Drive

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hanson, D. L.; Vesey, R. A.; Cuneo Porter, M. E., Jr.; Chandler, G. A.; Ruggles, L. E.; Simpson, W. W.; Seamen, H.; Primm, P.; Torres, J.; McGurn, J.; Gilliland, T. L.; Reynolds, P.; Hebron, D. E.; Dropinski, S. C.; Schroen-Carey, D. G.; Hammer, J. H.; Landen, O.; Koch, J.

2000-10-01

We are currently exploring symmetry requirements of the z-pinch-driven hohlraum concept [1] for high-yield inertial confinement fusion. In experiments on the Z accelerator, the burnthrough of a low-density self-backlit foam ball has been used to diagnose the large time-dependent flux asymmetry of several single-sided-drive hohlraum geometries [2]. We are currently applying this technique to study polar radiation flux symmetry in a symmetric double z-pinch geometry. Wire arrays on opposite ends of the hohlraum, connected in series to a single current drive of 18 MA, implode and stagnate on axis, efficiently radiating about 100 TW of x rays which heat the secondary to 75 eV. Comparisons with 3-D radiosity and 2-D rad-hydro models of hohlraum symmetry performance will be presented. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. 1 J. H. Hammer et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 2129 (1999). 2 D. L. Hanson et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 44, 40 (1999).

D-seco-Vitamin D analogs having reversed configurations at C-13 and C-14: Synthesis, docking studies and biological evaluation.

PubMed

Szybinski, Marcin; Sokolowska, Katarzyna; Sicinski, Rafal R; Plum, Lori A; DeLuca, Hector F

2017-10-01

Prompted by results of molecular modeling performed on the seco-d-ring-vitamins D, we turned our attention to such analogs, having reversed configurations at C-13 and C-14, as the next goals of our studies on the structure-activity relationship for vitamin D compounds. First, we developed an efficient total synthesis of the "upper" C/seco-d-ring fragment with a 7-carbon side chain. Then, we coupled it with A-ring fragments using Sonogashira or Wittig-Horner protocol, providing the targeted D-seco analogs of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D 3 possessing a vinyl substituent at C-14 and a double bond between C-17 and C-20. The affinities of the synthesized vitamin D analogs to the full-length recombinant rat VDR were examined, as well as their differentiating and transcriptional activities. In these in vitro tests, they were significantly less active compared to 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 3 . Moreover, it was established that the analogs tested in vivo in rats showed no calcemic potency. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Partially unzipped carbon nanotubes as a superior catalyst support for PEM fuel cells.

PubMed

Long, Donghui; Li, Wei; Qiao, Wenming; Miyawaki, Jin; Yoon, Seong-Ho; Mochida, Isao; Ling, Licheng

2011-09-07

Partially unzipped carbon nanotubes prepared by strong oxidation and thermal expansion of carbon nanotubes were explored as an advanced catalyst support for PEM fuel cells. The unique hybrid structure of 1D nanotube and 2D double-side graphene resulted in an outstanding electrocatalytic performance. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011

Multifunctionality in coating films including Nb-doped TiO2 and Cs x WO3: near infrared shielding and photocatalytic properties.

PubMed

Asakura, Yusuke; Anada, Yuto; Hamanaka, Ryo; Sato, Tsugio; Katsumata, Ken-Ichi; Wu, Xiaoyong; Yin, Shu

2018-06-01

Various types of coating films were obtained from hydrothermally synthesized Nb-doped TiO 2 (NTO) and Cs x WO 3 (CWO) nanoparticles. The coating films possessed multifunctionality including near infrared (NIR) absorption and photocatalysis abilities. The NTO and CWO nanoparticles were synthesized by a unique solvothermal reaction in which water induced by an esterification reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid can act as a hydrolyzing agent for metal precursors. NTO was synthesized by the unique solvothermal reaction for the first time. The reaction accompanied by the reduction of Ti 4+ to Ti 3+ led to the formation of nanoparticles with both NIR absorption and photocatalytic properties. The effect of the ethanol-acetic acid ratio on the morphology of the obtained NTO was investigated, and the larger amount of acetic acid led to a larger nanoparticle size, indicating the size controllability. The two types of coating film, including CWO and NTO nanoparticles, were obtained for comparison: (1) coexistent coating film: one side of the quartz glass was coated with a dispersion, including both CWO and NTO nanoparticles, and (2) double-sided coating film: a quartz glass coated with a CWO dispersion on one side and an NTO dispersion on the other side. The double-sided coating led to higher multifunctionality. Furthermore, the optimized condition for the double-sided coating was investigated by using various NTO particles obtained using different ethanol-acetic acid ratios.

Multifunctionality in coating films including Nb-doped TiO2 and Cs x WO3: near infrared shielding and photocatalytic properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asakura, Yusuke; Anada, Yuto; Hamanaka, Ryo; Sato, Tsugio; Katsumata, Ken-ichi; Wu, Xiaoyong; Yin, Shu

2018-06-01

Various types of coating films were obtained from hydrothermally synthesized Nb-doped TiO2 (NTO) and Cs x WO3 (CWO) nanoparticles. The coating films possessed multifunctionality including near infrared (NIR) absorption and photocatalysis abilities. The NTO and CWO nanoparticles were synthesized by a unique solvothermal reaction in which water induced by an esterification reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid can act as a hydrolyzing agent for metal precursors. NTO was synthesized by the unique solvothermal reaction for the first time. The reaction accompanied by the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ led to the formation of nanoparticles with both NIR absorption and photocatalytic properties. The effect of the ethanol–acetic acid ratio on the morphology of the obtained NTO was investigated, and the larger amount of acetic acid led to a larger nanoparticle size, indicating the size controllability. The two types of coating film, including CWO and NTO nanoparticles, were obtained for comparison: (1) coexistent coating film: one side of the quartz glass was coated with a dispersion, including both CWO and NTO nanoparticles, and (2) double-sided coating film: a quartz glass coated with a CWO dispersion on one side and an NTO dispersion on the other side. The double-sided coating led to higher multifunctionality. Furthermore, the optimized condition for the double-sided coating was investigated by using various NTO particles obtained using different ethanol–acetic acid ratios.

Electronic and optical properties of novel carbon allotropes

DOE PAGES

Wang, Zhanyu; Dong, F.; Shen, B.; ...

2016-01-22

The vibrational properties, electronic structures and optical properties of novel carbon allotropes, such as monolayer penta-graphene (PG), double-layer PG and T12-carbon, were studied by first-principles calculations. Results of phonon calculations demonstrate that these exotic carbon allotropes are dynamically stable. The bulk T12 phase is an indirect-gap semiconductor having a quasiparticle (QP) bandgap of ~5.19 eV. When the bulk material transforms to a two-dimensional (2D) phase, the monolayer and double-layer PG become quasi-direct gap semiconductors with smaller QP bandgaps of ~4.48 eV and ~3.67 eV, respectively. Furthermore, the partial charge density analysis indicates that the 2D phases retain part of themore » electronic characteristics of the T12 phase. The linear photon energy-dependent dielectric functions and related optical properties including refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption spectrum, reflectivity, and energy-loss spectrum were also computed and discussed. Additionally, the chemical stability of monolayer PG and the electronic and optical properties of double-side hydrogenated monolayer PG were also investigated. Furthermore, the results obtained from our calculations are beneficial to practical applications of these exotic carbon allotropes in optoelectronics and electronics.« less

NMR-based conformational analysis of perezone and analogues.

PubMed

Zepeda, L Gerardo; Burgueño-Tapia, Eleuterio; Pérez-Hernández, Nury; Cuevas, Gabriel; Joseph-Nathan, Pedro

2013-04-01

Complete assignment of the (1)H NMR chemical shift and coupling constant values of perezone (1), O-methylperezone (2) and 6-hydroxyperezone (3) was carried out by total-line-shape-fitting calculations using the PERCH iterative spectra analysis software (PERCH Solutions Ltd., Kuopio, Finland). The resulting simulated spectra for the three compounds showed strong similarity to their corresponding experimental spectra. Particularly, all vicinal, allylic and homoallylic coupling constant values for the side chain of the three compounds were very similar, thus revealing that the conformation of these three molecules in solution is indeed almost identical. This fact is in agreement with extended side chain conformations over folded chain conformations because 1, 2 and 3 undergo completely different intramolecular cycloaddition reactions. In addition, results of double pulsed field gradient spin echo NOESY 1D experiments performed on perezone (1) were unable to provide evidence for folded conformers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam as adjuvants to intrathecal bupivacaine: A clinical comparison.

PubMed

Shukla, Usha; Prabhakar, Tallamraju; Malhotra, Kiran; Srivastava, Dheeraj

2016-01-01

Trials are being carried out to identify an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine that preferably potentiates postoperative analgesia. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was aimed to compare the onset and duration of sensory and motor block, postoperative analgesia and adverse effects of dexmedetomidine or midazolam given with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. A total of 80 patients, scheduled for vaginal hysterectomies, were randomly allocated to Group D (n = 40) to receive intrathecally 3.0 mL 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine +5 ug dexmedetomidine in 0.5 mL of normal saline; and Group M (n = 40) to receive 3 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine +2 mg midazolam in 0.4 mL (5 mg/mL) +0.1 mL normal saline. The onset, duration of sensory and motor block, time to first postoperative analgesia and side effects were noted. Power and Sample size (PS) version 3.0.0.34 was used for power and sample size calculation. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft (MS) Office Excel software with the Student's t-test and Chi-square test (level of significance P = 0.05). Duration of sensory, motor blockade and time to the first requirement of analgesia were significantly higher in Group D. Postoperative visual analog scale was significantly less in Group D than Group M. Both groups were similar with respect to sedation, hemodynamic variables and side-effects. Intrathecal dexmedetomidine was better adjuvant than midazolam as it produces significantly longer duration of sensory block, reduced doses of postoperative analgesic agents with comparable side-effects.

A combined pretreatment of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and sodium valproate enhances the damaging effect of ionizing radiation on prostate cancer cells.

PubMed

Gavrilov, Vladimir; Leibovich, Yaron; Ariad, Samuel; Lavrenkov, Konstantin; Shany, Shraga

2010-07-01

Radiotherapy is one of the curative treatment options for prostate cancer (PCa). However, effective doses of ionizing radiation (IR) have a high risk of side effects. To increase sensitivity of PCa to IR we pretreated human androgen-refractory DU145 PCa cells with a combination of sodium valproate (VPA), a well-tolerated drug with histone deacetylases inhibiting activity, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D, a well known anticancer agent. The results show that irradiation (4Gy) of DU145 PCa cells pretreated with a combination of 1 mM VPA and 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 efficiently suppressed (87.9%) PCa cell proliferation. IR after combined pretreatment resulted in increased DNA double-strand breaks expressed as levels of phosphorylated histone H2A.X, compared with non-treated cells the increase was 58.1% in pretreated cells and 11.8% in non-pretreated cells (p<0.002). Combined pretreatment enhanced IR-induced activation of DNA damage checkpoint kinase Chk2, 39.0% in pretreated cells compared to 23.8% in non-pretreated cells (p<0.05). These molecular changes led to DNA replication blockade, S-phase cell-cycle arrest and enhanced apoptosis. Cumulatively, the results indicate that combined pretreatment with VPA and 1,25(OH)2D3 followed by IR is a highly effective treatment for human PCa cells. This observation may have important implications for reducing doses of radiation administered to cancer patients thus limiting the severity of side effects. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Becker, Ines; Schillig, Cora

A double-sided adhesive metal-based tape for use as contacting aid for SOFC fuel cells is provided. The double-sided metal-based adhesive tape is suitable for simplifying the construction of cell bundles. The double-sided metal-based adhesive tape is used for electrical contacting of the cell connector with the anode and for electrical contacting of the interconnector of the fuel cells with the cell connector. A method for producing the double-sided adhesive metal-base tape is also provided.

Scoliosis corrective force estimation from the implanted rod deformation using 3D-FEM analysis.

PubMed

Abe, Yuichiro; Ito, Manabu; Abumi, Kuniyoshi; Sudo, Hideki; Salmingo, Remel; Tadano, Shigeru

2015-01-01

Improvement of material property in spinal instrumentation has brought better deformity correction in scoliosis surgery in recent years. The increase of mechanical strength in instruments directly means the increase of force, which acts on bone-implant interface during scoliosis surgery. However, the actual correction force during the correction maneuver and safety margin of pull out force on each screw were not well known. In the present study, estimated corrective forces and pull out forces were analyzed using a novel method based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Twenty adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (1 boy and 19 girls) who underwent reconstructive scoliosis surgery between June 2009 and Jun 2011 were included in this study. Scoliosis correction was performed with 6mm diameter titanium rod (Ti6Al7Nb) using the simultaneous double rod rotation technique (SDRRT) in all cases. The pre-maneuver and post-maneuver rod geometry was collected from intraoperative tracing and postoperative 3D-CT images, and 3D-FEA was performed with ANSYS. Cobb angle of major curve, correction rate and thoracic kyphosis were measured on X-ray images. Average age at surgery was 14.8, and average fusion length was 8.9 segments. Major curve was corrected from 63.1 to 18.1 degrees in average and correction rate was 71.4%. Rod geometry showed significant change on the concave side. Curvature of the rod on concave and convex sides decreased from 33.6 to 17.8 degrees, and from 25.9 to 23.8 degrees, respectively. Estimated pull out forces at apical vertebrae were 160.0N in the concave side screw and 35.6N in the convex side screw. Estimated push in force at LIV and UIV were 305.1N in the concave side screw and 86.4N in the convex side screw. Corrective force during scoliosis surgery was demonstrated to be about four times greater in the concave side than in convex side. Averaged pull out and push in force fell below previously reported safety margin. Therefore, the SDRRT maneuver was safe for correcting moderate magnitude curves. To prevent implant breakage or pedicle fracture during the maneuver in a severe curve correction, mobilization of spinal segment by releasing soft tissue or facet joint could be more important than using a stronger correction maneuver with a rigid implant.

Cilansetron: a new serotonergic agent for the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea.

PubMed

Chey, William D; Cash, Brooks D

2005-02-01

Cilansetron is a novel serotonin type-3 (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptor subtype 3 (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist currently being evaluated for the treatment of female and male patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea predominance (IBS-D). 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists such as cilansetron have been shown to affect gastrointestinal motility. Whether cilansetron affects visceral sensation independent of effects on visceral compliance remains controversial. Results from two large, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase III clinical trials of cilansetron in patients with IBS-D have recently been presented in abstract form. These studies found that cilansetron was more effective than placebo at improving overall, as well as individual symptoms, including abdominal pain and diarrhoea in female and male IBS-D patients. The most commonly reported side effect with cilansetron has been constipation and, in general, the drug has been well tolerated in clinical trials. Although rare, the most concerning side effect observed with cilansetron has been suspected ischaemic colitis. The event rate for suspected ischaemic colitis associated with cilansetron from clinical trials is 3.77 per 1000 person years of exposure. This rate appears to be greater than that expected in the IBS population and similar to that observed with alosetron, another 5--HT(3) receptor antagonist. All of the cases of suspected ischaemic colitis reported with cilansetron have resolved without serious sequelae. How issues surrounding the safety of cilansetron will affect the approval process in various countries remains to be determined. However, the risk-benefit of cilansetron is likely to be most favourable in patients with IBS-D who have failed to respond to conventional medical therapies. A detailed risk management plan and post-marketing surveillance programme will be required should this drug become available for the treatment of patients with IBS-D.

[Effect of antibiotics on postoperative inflammatory complications after surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar].

PubMed

Xue, Peng; Hou, Rui; Shang, Lei; Ma, Yuanyuan; Wu, Fang; Zhang, Sijia

2014-10-01

To investigate the effect of antibiotics on postoperative inflammatory complications after surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar. Ninety-Six patients had their bilateral third molars removed through a split-mouth, double-blind, controlled, clinical trial in two visits. On one side amoxicillin (or clindamycin) was used (antibiotics group) from 1 h pre-operation to 3 d post-operation. On the other side, placebo was used (placebo group) the same time. Postoperative inflammatory complications including alveolar osteitis (AO), surgical site infection (SSI), pre-buccal site infection and anterior isthmus faucium space infection were monitored and recorded 2 d and 10 d after the surgery. The pain, swelling, and trismus were also recorded. All 96 patients completed the study. Two AO (2.1%), one SSI (1.0%) and seven other infections were observed in the treatment group. Also three AO (3.1%), one SSI (1.0%) and eleven other infections were observed in the placebo group. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the incidence of various postoperative inflammatory complications and reactions between the groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on the postoperative reaction, except pain on 10 d. Patients who had inflammatory infection recovered well with symptomatic anti-infection treatment. The use of amoxicillin (or clindamycin) cannot effectively prevent and reduce the postoperative inflammatory complications after surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar.

Characterization of serine hydroxymethyltransferase GlyA as a potential source of D-alanine in Chlamydia pneumoniae

PubMed Central

De Benedetti, Stefania; Bühl, Henrike; Gaballah, Ahmed; Klöckner, Anna; Otten, Christian; Schneider, Tanja; Sahl, Hans-Georg; Henrichfreise, Beate

2014-01-01

For intracellular Chlamydiaceae, there is no need to withstand osmotic challenges, and a functional cell wall has not been detected in these pathogens so far. Nevertheless, penicillin inhibits cell division in Chlamydiaceae resulting in enlarged aberrant bodies, a phenomenon known as chlamydial anomaly. D-alanine is a unique and essential component in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. In free-living bacteria like Escherichia coli, penicillin-binding proteins such as monofunctional transpeptidases PBP2 and PBP3, the putative targets of penicillin in Chlamydiaceae, cross-link adjacent peptidoglycan strands via meso-diaminopimelic acid and D-Ala-D-Ala moieties of pentapeptide side chains. In the absence of genes coding for alanine racemase Alr and DadX homologs, the source of D-Ala and thus the presence of substrates for PBP2 and PBP3 activity in Chlamydiaceae has puzzled researchers for years. Interestingly, Chlamydiaceae genomes encode GlyA, a serine hydroxymethyltransferase that has been shown to exhibit slow racemization of D- and L-alanine as a side reaction in E. coli. We show that GlyA from Chlamydia pneumoniae can serve as a source of D-Ala. GlyA partially reversed the D-Ala auxotrophic phenotype of an E. coli racemase double mutant. Moreover, purified chlamydial GlyA had racemase activity on L-Ala in vitro and was inhibited by D-cycloserine, identifying GlyA, besides D-Ala ligase MurC/Ddl, as an additional target of this competitive inhibitor in Chlamydiaceae. Proof of D-Ala biosynthesis in Chlamydiaceae helps to clarify the structure of cell wall precursor lipid II and the role of chlamydial penicillin-binding proteins in the development of non-dividing aberrant chlamydial bodies and persistence in the presence of penicillin. PMID:24616885

Characterization of serine hydroxymethyltransferase GlyA as a potential source of D-alanine in Chlamydia pneumoniae.

PubMed

De Benedetti, Stefania; Bühl, Henrike; Gaballah, Ahmed; Klöckner, Anna; Otten, Christian; Schneider, Tanja; Sahl, Hans-Georg; Henrichfreise, Beate

2014-01-01

For intracellular Chlamydiaceae, there is no need to withstand osmotic challenges, and a functional cell wall has not been detected in these pathogens so far. Nevertheless, penicillin inhibits cell division in Chlamydiaceae resulting in enlarged aberrant bodies, a phenomenon known as chlamydial anomaly. D-alanine is a unique and essential component in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. In free-living bacteria like Escherichia coli, penicillin-binding proteins such as monofunctional transpeptidases PBP2 and PBP3, the putative targets of penicillin in Chlamydiaceae, cross-link adjacent peptidoglycan strands via meso-diaminopimelic acid and D-Ala-D-Ala moieties of pentapeptide side chains. In the absence of genes coding for alanine racemase Alr and DadX homologs, the source of D-Ala and thus the presence of substrates for PBP2 and PBP3 activity in Chlamydiaceae has puzzled researchers for years. Interestingly, Chlamydiaceae genomes encode GlyA, a serine hydroxymethyltransferase that has been shown to exhibit slow racemization of D- and L-alanine as a side reaction in E. coli. We show that GlyA from Chlamydia pneumoniae can serve as a source of D-Ala. GlyA partially reversed the D-Ala auxotrophic phenotype of an E. coli racemase double mutant. Moreover, purified chlamydial GlyA had racemase activity on L-Ala in vitro and was inhibited by D-cycloserine, identifying GlyA, besides D-Ala ligase MurC/Ddl, as an additional target of this competitive inhibitor in Chlamydiaceae. Proof of D-Ala biosynthesis in Chlamydiaceae helps to clarify the structure of cell wall precursor lipid II and the role of chlamydial penicillin-binding proteins in the development of non-dividing aberrant chlamydial bodies and persistence in the presence of penicillin.

Transverse Tensile Properties of 3 Dimension-4 Directional Braided Cf/SiC Composite Based on Double-Scale Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niu, Xuming; Sun, Zhigang; Song, Yingdong

2017-11-01

In this thesis, a double-scale model for 3 Dimension-4 directional(3D-4d) braided C/SiC composites(CMCs) has been proposed to investigate mechanical properties of it. The double-scale model involves micro-scale which takes fiber/matrix/porosity in fibers tows into consideration and the unit cell scale which considers the 3D-4d braiding structure. Basing on the Micro-optical photographs of composite, we can build a parameterized finite element model that reflects structure of 3D-4d braided composites. The mechanical properties of fiber tows in transverse direction are studied by combining the crack band theory for matrix cracking and cohesive zone model for interface debonding. Transverse tensile process of 3D-4d CMCs can be simulated by introducing mechanical properties of fiber tows into finite element of 3D-4d braided CMCs. Quasi-static tensile tests of 3D-4d braided CMCs have been performed with PWS-100 test system. The predicted tensile stress-strain curve by the double scale model finds good agreement with the experimental results.

46 CFR 91.40-3 - Drydock examination, internal structural examination, cargo tank internal examination, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... hull barge with internal framing 1 Double hull barge with external framing 2 Single hull barge with..., ends, and bottoms) when the structural framing is on the internal tank surface. 2 Applicable to double hull tank barges (double sides, ends, and bottoms) when the structural framing is on the external tank...

Fourier-transform MW spectroscopy of the SH({sup 2}{Pi}{sub i})-Ar and SD-Ar radical complexes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sumiyoshi, Yoshihiro; Endo, Yasuki; Ohshima, Yasuhiro

1996-12-31

The authors have studied the SH({sup 2}{Pi}{sub i})-Ar and SD-Ar radical complexes with FTMW spectroscopy. The complexes were produced in a supersonic free jet by a pulsed discharge of H{sub 2}S or D{sub 2}S, which was diluted to 0.35% in Ar with a stagnation pressure of 2 atm. R-branch transitions in the lower spin-orbit component ({Omega}=3/2) for the linear {sup 2}{Pi}{sub i} radicals were observed for J{double_prime} = 3/2 to J{double_prime} = 15/2 in the 8-26 GHz region. The transitions were split into two parity components owing to the parity doubling. Each parity component was split further due to themore » magnetic hyperfine interaction associated with the H/D nucleus. Rotational constants for SH-Ar and SD-Ar were determined to be 1569.656(2) and 1567.707(2)MHz respectively. The value for SH-Ar agrees well with that of a previous LIF study. From the SH/SD data, it was confirmed that the argon atom is located at the hydrogen side of the SH radical. With an assumption that the S-H bond length is equal to that in the monomer, the H-Ar distance is calculated to be 2.900 {Angstrom}, which is about 0.1 {Angstrom} longer than that in OH-Ar. The effective D{sub J} constants of SH-Ar and SD-Ar were found to have negative values of -58.4(7) and -50.7(6), kHz respectively.« less

Slow infusion of low{\\hyphen}dose ketamine reduces bothersome side effects compared to IV push: a double{\\hyphen}blind, double dummy, randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Clattenburg, Eben J; Hailozian, Christian; Haro, Daniel; Yoo, Tina; Flores, Stefan; Louie, Derex; Herring, Andrew A

2018-04-12

We compared the analgesic efficacy and incidence of side effects when low{\\hyphen}dose (0.3 mg{\\sol}kg) ketamine (LDK) is administered as a slow infusion (SI) over 15 minutes versus an intravenous push (IVP) over one minute. This was a prospective, randomized, double blind, double dummy, placebo{\\hyphen}controlled trial of adult ED patients presenting with moderate to severe pain (numerical rating score ≥ 5). Patients received ketamine 0.3mg{\\sol}kg administered either as a SI or IVP. Our primary outcome was the proportion of patients experiencing any psychoperceptual side effect over 60 minutes. A secondary outcome was incidence of moderate or greater psychoperceptual side effects. Additional outcomes included reduction in pain NRS scores at 60 minutes and percent maximum summed pain intensity difference ({\\percnt}SPID). Fifty{\\hyphen}nine participants completed the study. 86.2{\\percnt} of the IVP arm and 70.0{\\percnt} of the SI arm experienced any side effect (difference 16.2{\\percnt}, 95{\\percnt}CI {\\hyphen}5.4 - 37.8). We found a large reduction in moderate or greater psychoperceptual side effects with SI administration-75.9{\\percnt} reported moderate or greater side effects versus 43.4{\\percnt} in the SI arm (difference 32.5{\\percnt}, 95{\\percnt}CI 7.9 - 57.1). Additionally, the IVP arm experienced more hallucinations (n{\\equal}8, 27.6{\\percnt}) than the SI arm (SI n{\\equal}2, 6.7{\\percnt}; difference 20.9{\\percnt}, 95{\\percnt}CI 1.8 - 43.4). We found no significant differences in analgesic efficacy. At 60 minutes, the mean {\\percnt}SPID in the IVP and SI arms was 39.9{\\percnt} and 33.5{\\percnt}, respectively, with a difference of 6.5{\\percnt} (95{\\percnt}CI {\\hyphen}5.8 - 18.7). Most patients who are administered LDK experience a psychoperceptual side effect regardless of administration via SI or IVP. However, patients receiving LDK as a SI reported significantly fewer moderate or greater psychoperceptual side effects and hallucinations with equivalent analgesia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Design and optimization of LTE 1800 MIMO antenna.

PubMed

Wong, Huey Shin; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul; Kibria, Salehin

2014-01-01

A multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna that comprises a printed microstrip antenna and a printed double-L sleeve monopole antenna for LTE 1800 wireless application is presented. The printed double-L sleeve monopole antenna is fed by a 50 ohm coplanar waveguide (CPW). A novel T-shaped microstrip feedline printed on the other side of the PCB is used to excite the waveguide's outer shell. Isolation characteristics better than -15 dB can be obtained for the proposed MIMO antenna. The proposed antenna can operate in LTE 1800 (1710 MHz-1880 MHz). This antenna exhibits omnidirectional characteristics. The efficiency of the antenna is greater than 70% and has high gain of 2.18 dBi.

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the double press- fit technique: an alternative to interference screw fixation.

PubMed

Halder, Andreas M; Ludwig, Silke; Neumann, Wolfram

2002-01-01

Patellar tendon autograft fixation in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is commonly accomplished using interference screws. However, improper insertion of the screws may reduce primary stability, injure the posterior femoral cortex, or displace hardware into the joint. Even if placed properly, metallic screws interfere with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. In case of revision surgery, removing screws may be difficult and leaves bone defects. Retrospective study. An arthroscopic technique was developed that achieves patellar tendon autograft fixation by press-fit without any supplemental internal fixation. Forty patients were examined clinically and by KT-1000 arthrometer 28.7 months (range, 22 to 40 months) postoperatively. The mean difference in side-to-side laxity was 1.3 mm (SD 2.2) and the results according to the IKDC score were as follows: 7 A, 28 B, 5 C, and 0 D. The double press-fit technique we present avoids all complications related to the use of interference screws and creates an ideal environment for osseous integration of the bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. Concurrently, it achieves a stable fixation of the autograft and allows early functional rehabilitation. However, fixation strength depends on bone quality and the arthroscopic procedure is demanding.

Effects of doubling the portion size of fruit and vegetable side dishes on children's intake at a meal.

PubMed

Kral, Tanja V E; Kabay, April C; Roe, Liane S; Rolls, Barbara J

2010-03-01

Increasing the portion size of energy-dense entrées has been shown to increase children's energy intake during a meal. It remains to be investigated whether serving larger portions to children can be used to promote intake of more healthful foods, such as fruits and vegetables (F&V). The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of increasing the portion size of F&V side dishes on children's intake. Forty-three children (22 boys, 21 girls), aged 5-6 years, were served dinner once a week for 2 weeks. Each dinner consisted of pasta with tomato sauce, three F&V side dishes (broccoli, carrots, and applesauce), and milk. The portion size of the F&V was doubled between experimental conditions whereas the size of the pasta remained constant. Doubling the portion size of the side dishes resulted in a 43% increase in children's intake of the fruit side dish (P = 0.001), but did not affect children's intake of the two vegetable side dishes (P > 0.60). Further, when the portion size of F&V side dishes was doubled, children ate significantly less of the pasta (P = 0.04). The difference in meal energy intake between portion size conditions (19.5 +/- 16.3 kcal) was not significant (P = 0.24). Although more studies are needed to understand whether increases in portion size can influence vegetable intake, children did eat more in response to a large quantity of a preferred low energy-dense fruit side dish at meals. Thus variations in portion size can be used strategically to help children achieve the recommended intake of fruits.

Incidence of double ovulation during the early postpartum period in lactating dairy cows.

PubMed

Kusaka, Hiromi; Miura, Hiroshi; Kikuchi, Motohiro; Sakaguchi, Minoru

2017-03-15

In lactating cattle, the incidence of twin calving has many negative impacts on production and reproduction in dairy farming. In almost all cases, natural twinning in dairy cattle is the result of double ovulation. It has been suggested that the milk production level of cows influences the number of ovulatory follicles. The objective of the present study was to investigate the incidence of double ovulations during the early postpartum period in relation to the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows. The ovaries of 43 Holstein cows (26 primiparous and 17 multiparous) were ultrasonographically scanned throughout the three postpartum ovulation sequences. The incidence of double ovulation in the unilateral ovaries was 66.7%, with a higher incidence in the right ovary than in the left, whereas that in bilateral ovaries was 33.3%. When double ovulations were counted dividing into each side ovary in which ovulations occurred, the total frequency of ovulations deviated from a 1:1 ratio (60.3% in the right side and 39.7% in the left side, P < 0.05). In multiparous cows, double ovulation occurred more frequently than in primiparous cows (58.8% vs. 11.5% per cow and 30.0% vs. 3.8% per ovulation, respectively P < 0.01). The double ovulators experienced more anovulatory repeated waves of follicles before their first ovulations than the single ovulators, which resulted in an extension of the period from parturition to third ovulation (81.5 days vs. 64.2 days, P < 0.05). In the multiparous cows, the double ovulators exhibited higher peak milk yield (P < 0.01) with lower milk lactose concentration (P < 0.05), indicating the prevalence of a more severe negative energy balance during the postpartum 3-month compared to the multiparous single ovulators. Our results showed that, regardless of their parity, double ovulation had no impact on the reproductive performance of the cows. Two multiparous cows that experienced double ovulation during the early postpartum period subsequently conceived twin fetuses. It can be speculated that the incidence of double ovulations during the early postpartum period partly contributes to the increased incidence of undesirable twin births in multiparous dairy cows. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

The efficacy of cyclosporine A in cats with presumed atopic dermatitis: a double blind, randomised prednisolone-controlled study.

PubMed

Wisselink, Marinus A; Willemse, Ton

2009-04-01

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA) and prednisolone in feline atopic dermatitis (AD) in a randomised, controlled double blind study. Twenty-nine cats with feline AD were randomly allocated to two groups. Eleven cats were treated orally with prednisolone (1mg/kg SID) and 18 were treated with CsA (5mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. At day 0 (D0) and D28, skin lesions were graded by means of the canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI). Skin biopsies and intradermal allergy tests were performed at D0 and blood samples for haematology and serum biochemistry were collected at D0 and D28. During the trial the cat owners were asked to evaluate the intensity of the pruritus once weekly on a linear analog scale and to record side effects. Based on the CADESI there was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of remission (P=0.0562) or in the number of cats that improved by >25% (P=0.0571). The effect of CsA and prednisolone on pruritus as evaluated by the owners was not significantly different (P=0.41) between the two groups. No serious side effects were observed. The conclusion was that CsA is an effective alternative to prednisolone therapy in cats with presumed atopic dermatitis.

75 FR 8926 - Procurement List; Additions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-26

...-Sided, DeCA Marketing POS Kit NSN: 9905-00-NIB-0142--Banner, DeCA Marketing Signage Kit, 3' x 10', Each NSN: 9905-00-NIB-0143--Buttons, DeCA Marketing Signage Kit, 3'', Each NSN: 9905-00-NIB-0144--Dangler, Round, Double-Sided, DeCA POS Signage NSN: 9905-00-NIB-0145--Poster, DeCA Marketing Signage Kit, 20'' x...

[Nicergoline in the treatment of patients after a mild ischemic stroke].

PubMed

Piłkowska, Ewa; Jakubowska, Teresa; Witkowska, Karyna; Kulczycki, Jerzy

2002-01-01

25 patients with neurological and neuropsychological deficits after a mild ischaemic stroke were treated with nicergoline (Adavin 60 mg/d) versus placebo in a double blind cross-over trial (3 and 3 months). The patients were examined repeatedly by a neurologist and a neuropsychologist using a battery of tests (PPL, AVLT, Benton and Bourdon tests, number-repetition test). On completion of the trial the improvement of neurological signs (mainly cerebellar deficits) and neuropsychological impairments (in particular of attention and manual manipulation difficulties) was found to be more marked after the period of nicergoline treatment than after placebo. No drug-dependent side effects--including the influence on blood pressure--were observed in the whole group treated.

The DarkSide experiment: Present status and future

DOE PAGES

Zuzel, G.; Agnes, P.; Albuquerque, I. F. M.; ...

2017-01-01

Here, DarkSide is a multi-stage program devoted to direct searches of Dark Matter particles with detectors based on double phase liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber. The DarkSide-50 setup is running underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. First it was operated with Atmospheric Argon and during that run (1422 ± 67) kg×d of truly background-free exposure has been accumulated. Obtained data made it possible to set a 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.1 × 10 –44 cm 2 (for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c 2). Presently the detector is filled with Underground Argon,more » which is depleted in 39Ar by a factor of (1.4 ± 0.2)×10 3 with respect to Atmospheric Argon. Acquired so far (2616 ± 43) kg×d (71 live days) in combination with the data from the Atmospheric Argon run give us the 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 2.0×10 –44 cm 2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c 2. Up to date this is the best limit obtained with an argon target.« less

Laboratory observation of multiple double layer resembling space plasma double layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alex, Prince; Arumugam, Saravanan; Sinha, Suraj

2017-10-01

Perceptible double layer consisting of more than one layers were produced in laboratory using a double discharge plasma setup. The confinement of oppositely charged particles in each layer with sharply defined luminous boarder is attributed to the self-organization scenario. This structure is generated in front of a positively biased electrode when the electron drift velocity (νd) exceeds 1.3 times the electron thermal velocity (νte) . Stable multiple double layer structures were observed only between 1.3 νte <=νd <= 3 νte. At νd = 1.3 νte, oscillations were excited in the form of large amplitude burst followed by a high frequency stable oscillation. Beyond νd = 3 νte, multiple double layer begins to collapse which is characterized by an emergence in turbulence. Long range dependence in the corresponding electrostatic potential fluctuations indicates the role of self-organized criticality in the emergence of turbulence. The algebraic decaying tale of the autocorrelation function and power law behavior in the power spectrum are consistent with the observation.

Galactose-depleted xyloglucan is dysfunctional and leads to dwarfism in Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Kong, Yingzhen; Peña, Maria J; Renna, Luciana; Avci, Utku; Pattathil, Sivakumar; Tuomivaara, Sami T; Li, Xuemei; Reiter, Wolf-Dieter; Brandizzi, Federica; Hahn, Michael G; Darvill, Alan G; York, William S; O'Neill, Malcolm A

2015-04-01

Xyloglucan is a polysaccharide that has important roles in the formation and function of the walls that surround growing land plant cells. Many of these plants synthesize xyloglucan that contains galactose in two different side chains (L and F), which exist in distinct molecular environments. However, little is known about the contribution of these side chains to xyloglucan function. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants devoid of the F side chain galactosyltransferase MURUS3 (MUR3) form xyloglucan that lacks F side chains and contains much less galactosylated xylose than its wild-type counterpart. The galactose-depleted xyloglucan is dysfunctional, as it leads to mutants that are dwarfed with curled rosette leaves, short petioles, and short inflorescence stems. Moreover, cell wall matrix polysaccharides, including xyloglucan and pectin, are not properly secreted and instead accumulate within intracellular aggregates. Near-normal growth is restored by generating mur3 mutants that produce no detectable amounts of xyloglucan. Thus, cellular processes are affected more by the presence of the dysfunctional xyloglucan than by eliminating xyloglucan altogether. To identify structural features responsible for xyloglucan dysfunction, xyloglucan structure was modified in situ by generating mur3 mutants that lack specific xyloglucan xylosyltransferases (XXTs) or that overexpress the XYLOGLUCAN L-SIDE CHAIN GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE2 (XLT2) gene. Normal growth was restored in the mur3-3 mutant overexpressing XLT2 and in mur3-3 xxt double mutants when the dysfunctional xyloglucan was modified by doubling the amounts of galactosylated side chains. Our study assigns a role for galactosylation in normal xyloglucan function and demonstrates that altering xyloglucan side chain structure disturbs diverse cellular and physiological processes. © 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

An Accelerated Recursive Doubling Algorithm for Block Tridiagonal Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seal, Sudip K

2014-01-01

Block tridiagonal systems of linear equations arise in a wide variety of scientific and engineering applications. Recursive doubling algorithm is a well-known prefix computation-based numerical algorithm that requires O(M^3(N/P + log P)) work to compute the solution of a block tridiagonal system with N block rows and block size M on P processors. In real-world applications, solutions of tridiagonal systems are most often sought with multiple, often hundreds and thousands, of different right hand sides but with the same tridiagonal matrix. Here, we show that a recursive doubling algorithm is sub-optimal when computing solutions of block tridiagonal systems with multiplemore » right hand sides and present a novel algorithm, called the accelerated recursive doubling algorithm, that delivers O(R) improvement when solving block tridiagonal systems with R distinct right hand sides. Since R is typically about 100 1000, this improvement translates to very significant speedups in practice. Detailed complexity analyses of the new algorithm with empirical confirmation of runtime improvements are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this algorithm has not been reported before in the literature.« less

Unprecedented zeolite-like framework topology constructed from cages with 3-rings in a barium oxonitridophosphate.

PubMed

Sedlmaier, Stefan J; Döblinger, Markus; Oeckler, Oliver; Weber, Johannes; auf der Günne, Jörn Schmedt; Schnick, Wolfgang

2011-08-10

A novel oxonitridophosphate, Ba(19)P(36)O(6+x)N(66-x)Cl(8+x) (x ≈ 4.54), has been synthesized by heating a multicomponent reactant mixture consisting of phosphoryl triamide OP(NH(2))(3), thiophosphoryl triamide SP(NH(2))(3), BaS, and NH(4)Cl enclosed in an evacuated and sealed silica glass ampule up to 750 °C. Despite the presence of side phases, the crystal structure was elucidated ab initio from high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data (λ = 39.998 pm) applying the charge flipping algorithm supported by independent symmetry information derived from electron diffraction (ED) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The compound crystallizes in the cubic space group Fm ̅3c (no. 226) with a = 2685.41(3) pm and Z = 8. As confirmed by Rietveld refinement, the structure comprises all-side vertex sharing P(O,N)(4) tetrahedra forming slightly distorted 3(8)4(6)8(12) cages representing a novel composite building unit (CBU). Interlinked through their 4-rings and additional 3-rings, the cages build up a 3D network with a framework density FD = 14.87 T/1000 Å(3) and a 3D 8-ring channel system. Ba(2+) and Cl(-) as extra-framework ions are located within the cages and channels of the framework. The structural model is corroborated by (31)P double-quantum (DQ) /single-quantum (SQ) and triple-quantum (TQ) /single-quantum (SQ) 2D correlation MAS NMR spectroscopy. According to (31)P{(1)H} C-REDOR NMR measurements, the H content is less than one H atom per unit cell. © 2011 American Chemical Society

Comparison of light and x-ray sensitometric responses of double-emulsion films for different processing conditions.

PubMed

Blendl, C; Buhr, E

2001-12-01

The effects of different film processing conditions on light and x-ray sensitometric responses were compared for a variety of double-emulsion x-ray films. The processing conditions were altered by changes of the developer temperature. Three different exposure variants were applied: x-ray sensitometry using two stepped neutral density attenuators between film and screens, simultaneous double-sided light sensitometry, and single-sided light sensitometry. 13 different types of double-emulsion x-ray films were investigated, among them three asymmetric films. In the special case of exposing the asymmetric films with the single-sided light sensitometer, a method was investigated where each side of the film is exposed at different locations and the sum effect is analyzed. From each sensitometric curve shape two parameters, the logarithmic speed (logS) and the average gradient (G), were evaluated. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) Single-sided and double-sided light sensitometers revealed almost equal changes of logS when the processing conditions are altered. Thus, single-sided light sensitometers can serve as a substitute for double-sided light sensitometers provided that suited exposure methods are used and appropriate sensitometric parameters are evaluated. (2) Light sensitometry quantitatively indicated changes of the film processing that affect the x-ray speed. Hence, light sensitometry is a useful method to monitor changes in film processing.

Development of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture in a Double-Sided Friction Stir Welded Microalloyed Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahimi, S.; Wynne, B. P.; Baker, T. N.

2017-01-01

The evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture has been investigated in double-sided friction stir welded microalloyed steel, using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The microstructure analyses show that the center of stirred zone reached a temperature between Ac1 and Ac3 during FSW, resulting in a dual-phase austenitic/ ferritic microstructure. The temperatures in the thermo-mechanically affected zone and the overlapped area between the first and second weld pass did not exceed the Ac1. The shear generated by the rotation probe occurs in austenitic/ferritic phase field where the austenite portion of the microstructure is transformed to a bainitic ferrite, on cooling. Analysis of crystallographic textures with regard to shear flow lines generated by the probe tool shows the dominance of simple shear components across the whole weld. The austenite texture at Ac1 - Ac3 is dominated by the B { {1bar{1}2} }< 110rangle and bar{B} { {bar{1}1bar{2}} }< bar{1}bar{1}0rangle simple shear texture components, where the bainite phase textures formed on cooling were inherited from the shear textures of the austenite phase with relatively strong variant selection. The ferrite portion of the stirred zone and the ferrites in the thermo-mechanically affected zones and the overlapped area underwent shear deformation with textures dominated by the D1 { {bar{1}bar{1}2} }< 111rangle and D2 { {11bar{2}} }< 111rangle simple shear texture components. The formation of ultrafine equiaxed ferrite with submicron grain size has been observed in the overlapped area between the first and second weld pass. This is due to continuous dynamic strain-induced recrystallization as a result of simultaneous severe shear deformation and drastic undercooling.

Radiation effect of neutrons produced by D-D side reactions on a D-3He fusion reactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahmani, J.

2017-04-01

One of the most important characteristics in D-3He fusion reactors is neutron production via D-D side reactions. The neutrons can activate structural material, degrading them and ultimately converting them into high-level radioactive waste, while it is really costly and difficult to remove them. The neutrons from a fusion reactor could also be used to make weapons-grade nuclear material, rendering such types of fusion reactors a serious proliferation hazard. A related problem is the presence of radioactive elements such as tritium in D-3He plasma, either as fuel for or as products of the nuclear reactions; substantial quantities of radioactive elements would not only pose a general health risk, but tritium in particular would also be another proliferation hazard. The problems of neutron radiation and radioactive element production are especially interconnected because both would result from the D-D side reaction. Therefore, the presentation approach for reducing neutrons via D-D nuclear side reactions in a D-3He fusion reactor is very important. For doing this research, energy losses and neutron power fraction in D-3He fusion reactors are investigated. Calculations show neutrons produced by the D-D nuclear side reaction could be reduced by changing to a more 3He-rich fuel mixture, but then the bremsstrahlung power loss fraction would increase in the D-3He fusion reactor.

Double Mine Building, interior detail to southeast Fort McKinley, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Double Mine Building, interior detail to southeast - Fort McKinley, Double Mine Building, East side of East Side Drive, approximately 125 feet south of Weymouth Way, Great Diamond Island, Portland, Cumberland County, ME

Design and Optimization of LTE 1800 MIMO Antenna

PubMed Central

Wong, Huey Shin; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul

2014-01-01

A multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna that comprises a printed microstrip antenna and a printed double-L sleeve monopole antenna for LTE 1800 wireless application is presented. The printed double-L sleeve monopole antenna is fed by a 50 ohm coplanar waveguide (CPW). A novel T-shaped microstrip feedline printed on the other side of the PCB is used to excite the waveguide's outer shell. Isolation characteristics better than −15 dB can be obtained for the proposed MIMO antenna. The proposed antenna can operate in LTE 1800 (1710 MHz–1880 MHz). This antenna exhibits omnidirectional characteristics. The efficiency of the antenna is greater than 70% and has high gain of 2.18 dBi. PMID:24967440

A facile electrode preparation method for accurate electrochemical measurements of double-side-coated electrode from commercial Li-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Ge; Wang, Qiyu; Wang, Shuo; Ling, Shigang; Zheng, Jieyun; Yu, Xiqian; Li, Hong

2018-04-01

The post mortem electrochemical analysis, including charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, are critical steps for revealing the failure mechanisms of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These post measurements usually require the reassembling of coin-cell with electrode which is often double-side-coated in commercial LIBs. It is difficult to use such double-side-coated electrode to perform accurate electrochemical measurements because the back side of the electrode is coated with active materials, rather than single-side-coated electrode that is often used in coin-cell measurements. In this study, we report a facile tape-covering sample preparation method, which can effectively suppress the influence of back side of the double-side-coated electrodes on capacity and EIS measurements in coin-cells. By tape-covering the unwanted side, the areal capacity of the desired investigated side of the electrode has been accurately measured with an experimental error of about 0.5% at various current densities, and accurate EIS measurements and analysis have been conducted as well.

22. FIFTH FLOOR BLDG. 28A, DETAIL DOUBLE DOORS SOUND TEST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. FIFTH FLOOR BLDG. 28A, DETAIL DOUBLE DOORS SOUND TEST ROOM LOOKING NORTH. - Fafnir Bearing Plant, Bounded on North side by Myrtle Street, on South side by Orange Street, on East side by Booth Street & on West side by Grove Street, New Britain, Hartford County, CT

Double Mine Building, general view in setting; view northeast ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Double Mine Building, general view in setting; view northeast - Fort McKinley, Double Mine Building, East side of East Side Drive, approximately 125 feet south of Weymouth Way, Great Diamond Island, Portland, Cumberland County, ME

THE RELATION OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE IN CATECHOL COMPOUNDS AND DERIVATIVES TO POISON IVY HYPERSENSITIVENESS IN MAN AS SHOWN BY THE PATCH TEST

PubMed Central

Keil, Harry; Wasserman, David; Dawson, Charles R.

1944-01-01

1. Additional evidence is presented in support of the view which postulates a close chemical and biologic relation between the active ingredients in poison ivy and Japan lac. 2. Biologic evidence, based on the use of the patch test in man, is presented in support of the view that the active ingredient in poison ivy is a catechol derivative with a long, unsaturated side-chain in the 3-position. 3. Of the catechol compounds and derivatives studied, group reactions in patients sensitive to poison ivy leaves or extract were exhibited by the following compounds: 3-pentadecyl catechol (100 per cent of 21 cases), 4-pentadecyl catechol (38 per cent of 21 cases), "urushiol" dimethyl ether (33 per cent of 33 cases), 3-pentadecenyl-1'-veratrole (21 per cent of 14 cases), 3-methyl catechol (14 per cent of 21 cases), and hydrourushiol dimethyl ether (10 per cent of 20 cases). It has been found that 3-geranyl catechol shows a practically constant group reactivity in persons sensitive to poison ivy. 4. The uniformly positive group reaction to 3-pentadecyl catechol is notable since this substance possesses a saturated side-chain, whereas the active ingredient in poison ivy is known to have an unsaturated side-chain. 5. The group reactivity was not restricted to the 3-position, for in some instances 4-pentadecyl catechol also gave group reactions which, however, were less intense and less frequent than those shown by 3-pentadecyl catechol. This indicates that in some cases a long side-chain in the 4 position may be effective in producing group specific reactions. 6. Only an occasional person showed sensitiveness to 3-methyl catechol (short side-chain), and in one instance the group reactivity appeared to be specific for the 3-position. 7. The position of the side-chain in the catechol configuration has some bearing on the degree and incidence of group reactions in persons hypersensitive to poison ivy. 8. Evidence is presented to indicate that the introduction of double bonds in the alkyl side-chain increases the incidence and intensity of group reactions. 9. Methylating the hydroxyl groups in the catechol configuration diminishes strongly the incidence of group reactivity but does not eliminate it entirely in persons hypersensitive to poison ivy. Thus, "urushiol" dimethyl ether (3-pentadecadienyl veratrole) gave group reactions in 33 per cent of 33 persons. 10. Methylating the hydroxyl groups as well as saturating the double bonds in the alkyl side-chain still further diminishes the group reactions but an occasional person hypersensitive to poison ivy may still show positive reaction to such a substance as 3-pentadecyl veratrole (hydrourushiol dimethyl ether). In this respect our results are not in full agreement with those recorded by Toyama who stated that hydrourushiol dimethyl ether is entirely harmless. 11. The significance of the group reactivity displayed by certain veratrole compounds is discussed, and several possible explanations of their behavior are advanced. 12. The group reactions discussed in this paper relate only to various catechol and veratrole compounds. Preliminary studies by us indicate that this sensitiveness extends to other phenolic derivatives. 13. Among the veratrole compounds showing positive reactions, the order of frequency and intensity was: (1) "urushiol" dimethyl ether (average of two double bonds); (2) S-pentadecenyl-1'-veratrole (one double bond); (3) hydrourushiol dimethyl ether (saturated side-chain). It may be noted that 4-pentadecyl veratrole was inactive. PMID:19871415

THE RELATION OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE IN CATECHOL COMPOUNDS AND DERIVATIVES TO POISON IVY HYPERSENSITIVENESS IN MAN AS SHOWN BY THE PATCH TEST.

PubMed

Keil, H; Wasserman, D; Dawson, C R

1944-10-01

1. Additional evidence is presented in support of the view which postulates a close chemical and biologic relation between the active ingredients in poison ivy and Japan lac. 2. Biologic evidence, based on the use of the patch test in man, is presented in support of the view that the active ingredient in poison ivy is a catechol derivative with a long, unsaturated side-chain in the 3-position. 3. Of the catechol compounds and derivatives studied, group reactions in patients sensitive to poison ivy leaves or extract were exhibited by the following compounds: 3-pentadecyl catechol (100 per cent of 21 cases), 4-pentadecyl catechol (38 per cent of 21 cases), "urushiol" dimethyl ether (33 per cent of 33 cases), 3-pentadecenyl-1'-veratrole (21 per cent of 14 cases), 3-methyl catechol (14 per cent of 21 cases), and hydrourushiol dimethyl ether (10 per cent of 20 cases). It has been found that 3-geranyl catechol shows a practically constant group reactivity in persons sensitive to poison ivy. 4. The uniformly positive group reaction to 3-pentadecyl catechol is notable since this substance possesses a saturated side-chain, whereas the active ingredient in poison ivy is known to have an unsaturated side-chain. 5. The group reactivity was not restricted to the 3-position, for in some instances 4-pentadecyl catechol also gave group reactions which, however, were less intense and less frequent than those shown by 3-pentadecyl catechol. This indicates that in some cases a long side-chain in the 4 position may be effective in producing group specific reactions. 6. Only an occasional person showed sensitiveness to 3-methyl catechol (short side-chain), and in one instance the group reactivity appeared to be specific for the 3-position. 7. The position of the side-chain in the catechol configuration has some bearing on the degree and incidence of group reactions in persons hypersensitive to poison ivy. 8. Evidence is presented to indicate that the introduction of double bonds in the alkyl side-chain increases the incidence and intensity of group reactions. 9. Methylating the hydroxyl groups in the catechol configuration diminishes strongly the incidence of group reactivity but does not eliminate it entirely in persons hypersensitive to poison ivy. Thus, "urushiol" dimethyl ether (3-pentadecadienyl veratrole) gave group reactions in 33 per cent of 33 persons. 10. Methylating the hydroxyl groups as well as saturating the double bonds in the alkyl side-chain still further diminishes the group reactions but an occasional person hypersensitive to poison ivy may still show positive reaction to such a substance as 3-pentadecyl veratrole (hydrourushiol dimethyl ether). In this respect our results are not in full agreement with those recorded by Toyama who stated that hydrourushiol dimethyl ether is entirely harmless. 11. The significance of the group reactivity displayed by certain veratrole compounds is discussed, and several possible explanations of their behavior are advanced. 12. The group reactions discussed in this paper relate only to various catechol and veratrole compounds. Preliminary studies by us indicate that this sensitiveness extends to other phenolic derivatives. 13. Among the veratrole compounds showing positive reactions, the order of frequency and intensity was: (1) "urushiol" dimethyl ether (average of two double bonds); (2) S-pentadecenyl-1'-veratrole (one double bond); (3) hydrourushiol dimethyl ether (saturated side-chain). It may be noted that 4-pentadecyl veratrole was inactive.

Numerical analysis of urine flow through the side holes of a double J stent in a ureteral stenosis.

PubMed

Kim, Hyoung-Ho; Choi, Young Ho; Lee, Seung Bae; Baba, Yasutaka; Kim, Kyung-Wuk; Suh, Sang-Ho

2017-07-20

Ureteral stenosis presents with a narrowing in the ureter, due to an intrinsic or extrinsic ureteral disease, such as ureter cancer or retroperitoneal fibrosis. The placement of a double J stent in the upper urinary system is one of the most common treatments of ureteral stenosis, along with the insertion of a percutaneous nephrostomy tube into the renal pelvis. The effect that the side holes in a double J stent have on urine flow has been evaluated in a few studies using straight ureter models. In this study, urine flow through a double J stent's side holes was analyzed in curved ureter models, which were based on human anatomy. In ureteral stenosis, especially in severe ureteral stenosis, a stent with side holes had a positive effect on the luminal and total flow rates, compared with the rates for a stent without side holes. The more side holes a stent has, the greater the luminal and total flow rates. However, the angular positions of the side holes did not affect flow rate. In conclusion, the side holes in a double J stent had a positive effect on ureteral stenosis, and the effect became greater as the ureteral stenosis became more severe.

Assembly of 1D nanofibers into a 2D bi-layered composite nanofibrous film with different functionalities at the two layers via layer-by-layer electrospinning.

PubMed

Wang, Zijiao; Ma, Qianli; Dong, Xiangting; Li, Dan; Xi, Xue; Yu, Wensheng; Wang, Jinxian; Liu, Guixia

2016-12-21

A two-dimensional (2D) bi-layered composite nanofibrous film assembled by one-dimensional (1D) nanofibers with trifunctionality of electrical conduction, magnetism and photoluminescence has been successfully fabricated by layer-by-layer electrospinning. The composite film consists of a polyaniline (PANI)/Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle (NP)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) tuned electrical-magnetic bifunctional layer on one side and a Tb(TTA) 3 (TPPO) 2 /polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) photoluminescent layer on the other side, and the two layers are tightly combined face-to-face together into the novel bi-layered composite film of trifunctionality. The brand-new film has totally different characteristics at the double layers. The electrical conductivity and magnetism of the electrical-magnetic bifunctional layer can be, respectively, tunable via modulating the PANI and Fe 3 O 4 NP contents, and the highest electrical conductivity can reach up to the order of 10 -2 S cm -1 , and predominant intense green emission at 545 nm is obviously observed in the photoluminescent layer under the excitation of 357 nm single-wavelength ultraviolet light. More importantly, the luminescence intensity of the photoluminescent layer remains almost unaffected by the electrical-magnetic bifunctional layer because the photoluminescent materials have been successfully isolated from dark-colored PANI and Fe 3 O 4 NPs. By comparing with the counterpart single-layered composite nanofibrous film, it is found that the bi-layered composite nanofibrous film has better performance. The novel bi-layered composite nanofibrous film with trifunctionality has potential in the fields of nanodevices, molecular electronics and biomedicine. Furthermore, the design conception and fabrication technique for the bi-layered multifunctional film provide a new and facile strategy towards other films of multifunctionality.

Bone regeneration in 3D printing bioactive ceramic scaffolds with improved tissue/material interface pore architecture in thin-wall bone defect.

PubMed

Shao, Huifeng; Ke, Xiurong; Liu, An; Sun, Miao; He, Yong; Yang, Xianyan; Fu, Jianzhong; Liu, Yanming; Zhang, Lei; Yang, Guojing; Xu, Sanzhong; Gou, Zhongru

2017-04-12

Three-dimensional (3D) printing bioactive ceramics have demonstrated alternative approaches to bone tissue repair, but an optimized materials system for improving the recruitment of host osteogenic cells into the bone defect and enhancing targeted repair of the thin-wall craniomaxillofacial defects remains elusive. Herein we systematically evaluated the role of side-wall pore architecture in the direct-ink-writing bioceramic scaffolds on mechanical properties and osteogenic capacity in rabbit calvarial defects. The pure calcium silicate (CSi) and dilute Mg-doped CSi (CSi-Mg6) scaffolds with different layer thickness and macropore sizes were prepared by varying the layer deposition mode from single-layer printing (SLP) to double-layer printing (DLP) and then by undergoing one-, or two-step sintering. It was found that the dilute Mg doping and/or two-step sintering schedule was especially beneficial for improving the compressive strength (∼25-104 MPa) and flexural strength (∼6-18 MPa) of the Ca-silicate scaffolds. The histological analysis for the calvarial bone specimens in vivo revealed that the SLP scaffolds had a high osteoconduction at the early stage (4 weeks) but the DLP scaffolds displayed a higher osteogenic capacity for a long time stage (8-12 weeks). Although the DLP CSi scaffolds displayed somewhat higher osteogenic capacity at 8 and 12 weeks, the DLP CSi-Mg6 scaffolds with excellent fracture resistance also showed appreciable new bone tissue ingrowth. These findings demonstrate that the side-wall pore architecture in 3D printed bioceramic scaffolds is required to optimize for bone repair in calvarial bone defects, and especially the Mg doping wollastontie is promising for 3D printing thin-wall porous scaffolds for craniomaxillofacial bone defect treatment.

Analytical Modeling of a Double-Sided Flux Concentrating E-Core Transverse Flux Machine with Pole Windings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Muljadi, Eduard; Hasan, Iftekhar; Husain, Tausif

In this paper, a nonlinear analytical model based on the Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) method is developed for a double-sided E-Core Transverse Flux Machine (TFM). The proposed TFM has a cylindrical rotor, sandwiched between E-core stators on both sides. Ferrite magnets are used in the rotor with flux concentrating design to attain high airgap flux density, better magnet utilization, and higher torque density. The MEC model was developed using a series-parallel combination of flux tubes to estimate the reluctance network for different parts of the machine including air gaps, permanent magnets, and the stator and rotor ferromagnetic materials, in amore » two-dimensional (2-D) frame. An iterative Gauss-Siedel method is integrated with the MEC model to capture the effects of magnetic saturation. A single phase, 1 kW, 400 rpm E-Core TFM is analytically modeled and its results for flux linkage, no-load EMF, and generated torque, are verified with Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The analytical model significantly reduces the computation time while estimating results with less than 10 percent error.« less

Fragility of ferromagnetic double exchange interactions and pressure tuning of magnetism in 3 d -5 d double perovskite Sr2FeOsO6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Veiga, L. S. I.; Fabbris, G.; van Veenendaal, M.; Souza-Neto, N. M.; Feng, H. L.; Yamaura, K.; Haskel, D.

2015-06-01

The ability to tune exchange (magnetic) interactions between 3 d transition metals in perovskite structures has proven to be a powerful route to discovery of novel properties. Here we demonstrate that the introduction of 3 d -5 d exchange pathways in double perovskites enables additional tunability, a result of the large spatial extent of 5 d wave functions. Using x-ray probes of magnetism and structure at high pressure, we show that compression of Sr2FeOsO6 drives an unexpected continuous change in the sign of Fe-Os exchange interactions and a transition from antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic order. We analyze the relevant electron-electron interactions, shedding light into fundamental differences with the more thoroughly studied 3 d -3 d systems.

Special Component Designs for Differential-Amplifier MMICs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kangaslahti, Pekka

2010-01-01

Special designs of two types of electronic components transistors and transmission lines have been conceived to optimize the performances of these components as parts of waveguide-embedded differential-amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) of the type described in the immediately preceding article. These designs address the following two issues, the combination of which is unique to these particular MMICs: Each MMIC includes a differential double-strip transmission line that typically has an impedance between 60 and 100 W. However, for purposes of matching of impedances, transmission lines having lower impedances are also needed. The transistors in each MMIC are, more specifically, one or more pair(s) of InP-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). Heretofore, it has been common practice to fabricate each such pair as a single device configured in the side-to-side electrode sequence source/gate/drain/gate/source. This configuration enables low-inductance source grounding from the sides of the device. However, this configuration is not suitable for differential operation, in which it is necessary to drive the gates differentially and to feed the output from the drain electrodes differentially. The special transmission-line design provides for three conductors, instead of two, in places where lower impedance is needed. The third conductor is a metal strip placed underneath the differential double-strip transmission line. The third conductor increases the capacitance per unit length of the transmission line by such an amount as to reduce the impedance to between 5 and 15 W. In the special HEMT-pair design, the side-to-side electrode sequence is changed to drain/gate/source/gate/ drain. In addition, the size of the source is reduced significantly, relative to corresponding sizes in prior designs. This reduction is justified by the fact that, by virtue of the differential configuration, the device has an internal virtual ground, and therefore there is no need for a low-resistance contact between the source and the radio-frequency circuitry. The source contact is needed only for DC biasing. These designs were implemented in a single-stage-amplifier MMIC. In a test at a frequency of 305 GHz, the amplifier embedded in a waveguide exhibited a gain of 0 dB; after correcting for the loss in the waveguide, the amplifier was found to afford a gain of 0.9 dB. In a test at 220 GHz, the overall gain of the amplifier- and-waveguide assembly was found to be 3.5 dB.

Three-dimensional image authentication scheme using sparse phase information in double random phase encoded integral imaging.

PubMed

Yi, Faliu; Jeoung, Yousun; Moon, Inkyu

2017-05-20

In recent years, many studies have focused on authentication of two-dimensional (2D) images using double random phase encryption techniques. However, there has been little research on three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems, such as integral imaging, for 3D image authentication. We propose a 3D image authentication scheme based on a double random phase integral imaging method. All of the 2D elemental images captured through integral imaging are encrypted with a double random phase encoding algorithm and only partial phase information is reserved. All the amplitude and other miscellaneous phase information in the encrypted elemental images is discarded. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that 3D images from integral imaging can be authenticated at different depths using a nonlinear correlation method. The proposed 3D image authentication algorithm can provide enhanced information security because the decrypted 2D elemental images from the sparse phase cannot be easily observed by the naked eye. Additionally, using sparse phase images without any amplitude information can greatly reduce data storage costs and aid in image compression and data transmission.

Prospects for Off-axis Current Drive via High Field Side Lower Hybrid Current Drive in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wukitch, S. J.; Shiraiwa, S.; Wallace, G. M.; Bonoli, P. T.; Holcomb, C.; Park, J. M.; Pinsker, R. I.

2017-10-01

An outstanding challenge for an economical, steady state tokamak is efficient off-axis current drive scalable to reactors. Previous studies have focused on high field side (HFS) launch of lower hybrid waves for current drive (LHCD) in double null configurations in reactor grade plasmas. The goal of this work is to find a HFS LHCD scenario for DIII-D that balances coupling, power penetration and damping. The higher magnetic field on the HFS improves wave accessibility, which allows for lower n||waves to be launched. These waves penetrate farther into the plasma core before damping at higher Te yielding a higher current drive efficiency. Utilizing advanced ray tracing and Fokker Planck simulation tools (GENRAY+CQL3D), wave penetration, absorption and drive current profiles in high performance DIII-D H-Mode plasmas were investigated. We found LH scenarios with single pass absorption, excellent wave penetration to r/a 0.6-0.8, FWHM r/a=0.2 and driven current up to 0.37 MA/MW coupled. These simulations indicate that HFS LHCD has potential to achieve efficient off-axis current drive in DIII-D and the latest results will be presented. Work supported by U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using User Facility DIII-D, under Award No. DE-FC02-04ER54698 and Contract No. DE-FC02-01ER54648 under Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Initiative.

Variation in shape of the lingula in the adult human mandible

PubMed Central

TULI, A.; CHOUDHRY, R.; CHOUDHRY, S.; RAHEJA, S.; AGARWAL, S.

2000-01-01

The lingulae of both sides of 165 dry adult human mandibles, 131 males and 34 females of Indian origin, were classified by their shape into 4 types: 1, triangular; 2, truncated; 3, nodular; and 4, assimilated. Triangular lingulae were found in 226 (68.5%) sides, truncated in 52 (15.8%), nodular in 36 (10.9%) and assimilated in 16 (4.8%) sides. Triangular lingulae were found bilaterally in 110, truncated in 23, nodular in 17 and assimilated in 7 mandibles. Of the remaining 8 mandibles with different appearances on the 2 sides, 6 had a combination of triangular and truncated and 2 had nodular and assimilated. The incidence of triangular and assimilated types in the male and female mandibles are almost equal. In the truncated type it was double in the male mandibles while the nodular type was a little less than double in the female mandibles. PMID:11005723

The "Double" Tessier 7 Cleft: An Unusual Presentation of a Transverse Facial Cleft.

PubMed

Raveendran, Janani A; Chao, Jerry W; Rogers, Gary F; Boyajian, Michael J

2018-07-01

Congenital macrostomia, or Tessier number 7 cleft, is a rare craniofacial anomaly. We present a unique patient with bilateral macrostomia that consisted of a "double" transverse cleft on the left side and a single transverse cleft on the right side. A staged reconstructive approach was used to repair the "double" left-sided clefts. This staged technique produced a satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcome.

Structures of actin-bound Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 (WH2) domains of Spire and the implication for filament nucleation

PubMed Central

Ducka, Anna M.; Joel, Peteranne; Popowicz, Grzegorz M.; Trybus, Kathleen M.; Schleicher, Michael; Noegel, Angelika A.; Huber, Robert; Holak, Tad A.; Sitar, Tomasz

2010-01-01

Three classes of proteins are known to nucleate new filaments: the Arp2/3 complex, formins, and the third group of proteins that contain ca. 25 amino acid long actin-binding Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 domains, called the WH2 repeats. Crystal structures of the complexes between the actin-binding WH2 repeats of the Spire protein and actin were determined for the Spire single WH2 domain D, the double (SpirCD), triple (SpirBCD), quadruple (SpirABCD) domains, and an artificial Spire WH2 construct comprising three identical D repeats (SpirDDD). SpirCD represents the minimal functional core of Spire that can nucleate actin filaments. Packing in the crystals of the actin complexes with SpirCD, SpirBCD, SpirABCD, and SpirDDD shows the presence of two types of assemblies, “side-to-side” and “straight-longitudinal,” which can serve as actin filament nuclei. The principal feature of these structures is their loose, open conformations, in which the sides of actins that normally constitute the inner interface core of a filament are flipped inside out. These Spire structures are distant from those seen in the filamentous nuclei of Arp2/3, formins, and in the F-actin filament. PMID:20538977

GammaM23K, gammaM232K, and gammaL77K single substitutions in the TF1-ATPase lower ATPase activity by disrupting a cluster of hydrophobic side chains.

PubMed

Bandyopadhyay, Sanjay; Allison, William S

2004-07-27

In crystal structures of the bovine F(1)-ATPase (MF(1)), the side chains of gammaMet(23), gammaMet(232), and gammaLeu(77) interact in a cluster. Substitution of the corresponding residues in the alpha(3)beta(3)gamma subcomplex of TF(1) with lysine lowers the ATPase activity to 2.3, 11, and 15%, respectively, of that displayed by wild-type. In contrast, TF(1) subcomplexes containing the gammaM(23)C, gammaM(232)C, and gammaL(77)C substitutions display 36, 36, and 130%, respectively, of the wild-type ATPase activity. The ATPase activity of the gammaM(23)C/gammaM(232)C double mutant subcomplex is 36% that of the wild-type subcomplex before and after cross-linking the introduced cysteines, whereas the ATPase activity of the gammaM(23)C/L(77)C double mutant increased from 50 to 85% that of wild-type after cross-linking the introduced cysteines. Only beta-beta cross-links formed when the alpha(3)(betaE(395)C)(3)gammaM(23)C double mutant was inactivated with CuCl(2). The overall results suggest that the attenuated ATPase of the mutant subcomplexes containing the gammaM(23)K, gammaL(77)K, and gammaM(232)K substitutions is caused by disruption of the cluster of hydrophobic amino acid side chains and that the midregion of the coiled-coil comprised of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal alpha helices of the gamma subunit does not undergo unwinding or major displacement from the side chain of gammaLeu(77) during ATP-driven rotation of the gamma subunit.

Monolayer group-III monochalcogenides by oxygen functionalization: a promising class of two-dimensional topological insulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Si; Liu, Cheng-Cheng; Zhao, Jijun; Yao, Yugui

2018-03-01

Monolayer group-III monochalcogenides (MX, M = Ga, In; X = S, Se, Te), an emerging category of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, hold great promise for electronics, optoelectronics and catalysts. By first-principles calculations, we show that the phonon dispersion and Raman spectra, as well as the electronic and topological properties of monolayer MX can be tuned by oxygen functionalization. Chemisorption of oxygen atoms on one side or both sides of the MX sheet narrows or even closes the band gap, enlarges work function, and significantly reduces the carrier effective mass. More excitingly, InS, InSe, and InTe monolayers with double-side oxygen functionalization are 2D topological insulators with sizeable bulk gap up to 0.21 eV. Their low-energy bands near the Fermi level are dominated by the px and py orbitals of atoms, allowing band engineering via in-plane strains. Our studies provide viable strategy for realizing quantum spin Hall effect in monolayer group-III monochalcogenides at room temperature, and utilizing these novel 2D materials for high-speed and dissipationless transport devices.

Fragility of ferromagnetic double exchange interactions and pressure tuning of magnetism in 3d–5d double perovskite Sr₂FeOsO₆

DOE PAGES

Veiga, L. S. I.; Fabbris, G.; van Veenendaal, M.; ...

2015-06-19

The ability to tune exchange (magnetic) interactions between 3d transition metals in perovskite structures has proven to be a powerful route to discovery of novel properties. Here we demonstrate that the introduction of 3d-5d exchange pathways in double perovskites enables additional tunability, a result of the large spatial extent of 5d wave functions. Using x-ray probes of magnetism and structure at high pressure, we show that compression of Sr₂FeOsO₆ drives an unexpected continuous change in the sign of Fe-Os exchange interactions and a transition from antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic order. We analyze the relevant electron-electron interactions, shedding light into fundamental differencesmore » with the more thoroughly studied 3d-3d systems.« less

SiliPET: An ultra-high resolution design of a small animal PET scanner based on stacks of double-sided silicon strip detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di Domenico, Giovanni; Zavattini, Guido; Cesca, Nicola; Auricchio, Natalia; Andritschke, Robert; Schopper, Florian; Kanbach, Gottfried

2007-02-01

We investigated with Monte Carlo simulations, using the EGSNrcMP code, the capabilities of a small animal PET scanner based on four stacks of double-sided silicon strip detectors. Each stack consists of 40 silicon detectors with dimension of 60×60×1 mm 3 and 128 orthogonal strips on each side. Two coordinates of the interaction are given by the strips, whereas the third coordinate is given by the detector number in the stack. The stacks are arranged to form a box of 5×5×6 cm 3 with minor sides opened; the box represents the minimal FOV of the scanner. The performance parameters of the SiliPET scanner have been estimated giving a (positron range limited) spatial resolution of 0.52 mm FWHM, and an absolute sensitivity of 5.1% at the center of system. Preliminary results of a proof of principle measurement done with the MEGA advanced Compton imager using a ≈1 mm diameter 22Na source, showed a focal ray tracing FWHM of 1 mm.

ICRF mode conversion in three-ion species heating experiment and in flow drive experiment on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Y.; Wukitch, S. J.; Edlund, E.; Ennever, P.; Hubbard, A. E.; Porkolab, M.; Rice, J.; Wright, J.

2017-10-01

In recent three-ion species (majority D and H plus a trace level of 3He) ICRF heating experiments on Alcator C-Mod, double mode conversion on both sides of the 3He cyclotron resonance has been observed using the phase contrast imaging (PCI) system. The MC locations are used to estimate the species concentrations in the plasma. Simulation using TORIC shows that with the 3He level <1%, most RF power is absorbed by the 3He ions and the process can generate energetic 3He ions. In mode conversion (MC) flow drive experiment in D(3He) plasma at 8 T, MC waves were also monitored by PCI. The MC ion cyclotron wave (ICW) amplitude and wavenumber kR have been found to correlate with the flow drive force. The MC efficiency, wave-number k of the MC ICW and their dependence on plasma parameters like Te0 have been studied. Based on the experimental observation and numerical study of the dispersion solutions, a hypothesis of the flow drive mechanism has been proposed.

Mode conversion in ICRF experiments on Alcator C-Mod

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Y.; Wukitch, S. J.; Edlund, E.; Ennever, P.; Hubbard, A. E.; Porkolab, M.; Rice, J.; Wright, J.

2017-10-01

In recent three-ion species (majority D and H plus a trace level of 3He) ICRF heating experiment on Alcator C-Mod, double mode conversion on both sides of the 3He cyclotron resonance has been observed using the phase contrast imaging (PCI) system. The MC locations are used to estimate the species concentrations in the plasma. Simulation using TORIC shows that with the 3He level <1%, most RF power is absorbed by the 3He ions and the process can generate energetic 3He ions. In recent mode conversion flow drive experiment in D(3He) plasma at 8 T, MC waves were also monitored by PCI. The MC ion cyclotron wave (ICW) amplitude and wavenumber kR have been found to correlate with the flow drive force. The MC efficiency, wave-number k of the MC ICW and their dependence on plasma parameters like Te0 are shown to play important roles. Based on the experimental observation and numerical study of the dispersion solutions, a hypothesis of the flow drive mechanism has been proposed. Supported by USDoE awards DE-FC02-99ER54512.

Lamb wave band gaps in a double-sided phononic plate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Peng; Chen, Tian-Ning; Yu, Kun-Peng; Wang, Xiao-Peng

2013-02-01

In this paper, we report on the theoretical investigation of the propagation characteristics of Lamb wave in a phononic crystal structure constituted by a square array of cylindrical stubs deposited on both sides of a thin homogeneous plate. The dispersion relations, the power transmission spectra, and the displacement fields of the eigenmodes are studied by using the finite-element method. We investigate the evolution of band gaps in the double-sided phononic plate with stub height on both sides arranged from an asymmetrical distribution to a symmetrical distribution gradually. Numerical results show that as the double stubs in a unit cell arranged more symmetrically on both sides, band width shifts, new band gaps appear, and the bands become flat due to localized resonant modes which couple with plate modes. Specially, more band gaps and flat bands can be found in the symmetrical system as a result of local resonances of the stubs which interact in a stronger way with the plate modes. Moreover, the symmetrical double-sided plate exhibits lower and smaller band gap than that of the asymmetrical plate. These propagation properties of elastic or acoustic waves in the double-sided plate can potentially be utilized to generate filters, slow the group velocity, low-frequency sound insulation, and design acoustic sensors.

Palmitoylethanolamide as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial.

PubMed

Ghazizadeh-Hashemi, Maryam; Ghajar, Alireza; Shalbafan, Mohammad-Reza; Ghazizadeh-Hashemi, Fatemeh; Afarideh, Mohsen; Malekpour, Farzaneh; Ghaleiha, Ali; Ardebili, Mehrdad Eftekhar; Akhondzadeh, Shahin

2018-05-01

Experimental studies provide evidence for antidepressant effects of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in animal models of depression. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of PEA add-on therapy in treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In a randomized double-blind, and placebo-controlled study, 58 patients with MDD (DSM-5) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score ≥ 19 were randomized to receive either 600 mg twice daily Palmitoylethanolamide or placebo in addition to citalopram for six weeks. Patients were assessed using the HAM-D scale at baseline and weeks 2, 4, and 6. Fifty-four individuals completed the trial. At week 2, patients in the PEA group demonstrated significantly greater reduction in HAM-D scores compared to the placebo group (8.30 ± 2.41 vs. 5.81 ± 3.57, P = .004). The PEA group also demonstrated significantly greater improvement in depressive symptoms [F (3, 156) = 3.35, P = .021] compared to the placebo group throughout the trial period. The patients in the PEA group experienced more response rate (≥ 50% reduction in the HAM-D score) than the placebo group (100% vs. 74% respectively, P = .01) at the end of the trial. Baseline parameters and frequency of side effects were not significantly different between the two groups. The population size in this study was small and the follow-up period was relatively short. Palmitoylethanolamide adjunctive therapy to citalopram can effectively improve symptoms of patients (predominantly male gender) with major depressive disorder. PEA showed rapid-onset antidepressant effects which need further investigation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diode-side-pumped intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YAG/BaWO4 Raman laser generating average output power of 3.14 W at 590 nm.

PubMed

Li, Shutao; Zhang, Xingyu; Wang, Qingpu; Zhang, Xiaolei; Cong, Zhenhua; Zhang, Huaijin; Wang, Jiyang

2007-10-15

We report a linear-cavity high-power all-solid-state Q-switched yellow laser. The laser source comprises a diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG module that produces 1064 nm fundamental radiation, an intracavity BaWO(4) Raman crystal that generates a first-Stokes laser at 1180 nm, and a KTP crystal that frequency doubles the first-Stokes laser to 590 nm. A convex-plane cavity is employed in this configuration to counteract some of the thermal effect caused by high pump power. An average output power of 3.14 W at 590 nm is obtained at a pulse repetition frequency of 10 kHz.

Method of Fabricating Double Sided Si(Ge)/Sapphire/III-Nitride Hybrid Structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Choi, Sang Hyouk (Inventor); Park, Yeonjoon (Inventor)

2017-01-01

One aspect of the present invention is a double sided hybrid crystal structure including a trigonal Sapphire wafer containing a (0001) C-plane and having front and rear sides. The Sapphire wafer is substantially transparent to light in the visible and infrared spectra, and also provides insulation with respect to electromagnetic radio frequency noise. A layer of crystalline Si material having a cubic diamond structure aligned with the cubic <111> direction on the (0001) C-plane and strained as rhombohedron to thereby enable continuous integration of a selected (SiGe) device onto the rear side of the Sapphire wafer. The double sided hybrid crystal structure further includes an integrated III-Nitride crystalline layer on the front side of the Sapphire wafer that enables continuous integration of a selected III-Nitride device on the front side of the Sapphire wafer.

Double Sided Si(Ge)/Sapphire/III-Nitride Hybrid Structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Park, Yeonjoon (Inventor); Choi, Sang Hyouk (Inventor)

2016-01-01

One aspect of the present invention is a double sided hybrid crystal structure including a trigonal Sapphire wafer containing a (0001) C-plane and having front and rear sides. The Sapphire wafer is substantially transparent to light in the visible and infrared spectra, and also provides insulation with respect to electromagnetic radio frequency noise. A layer of crystalline Si material having a cubic diamond structure aligned with the cubic <111> direction on the (0001) C-plane and strained as rhombohedron to thereby enable continuous integration of a selected (SiGe) device onto the rear side of the Sapphire wafer. The double sided hybrid crystal structure further includes an integrated III-Nitride crystalline layer on the front side of the Sapphire wafer that enables continuous integration of a selected III-Nitride device on the front side of the Sapphire wafer.

A double-sided microscope to realize whole-ganglion imaging of membrane potential in the medicinal leech

PubMed Central

Wagenaar, Daniel A

2017-01-01

Studies of neuronal network emergence during sensory processing and motor control are greatly facilitated by technologies that allow us to simultaneously record the membrane potential dynamics of a large population of neurons in single cell resolution. To achieve whole-brain recording with the ability to detect both small synaptic potentials and action potentials, we developed a voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging technique based on a double-sided microscope that can image two sides of a nervous system simultaneously. We applied this system to the segmental ganglia of the medicinal leech. Double-sided VSD imaging enabled simultaneous recording of membrane potential events from almost all of the identifiable neurons. Using data obtained from double-sided VSD imaging, we analyzed neuronal dynamics in both sensory processing and generation of behavior and constructed functional maps for identification of neurons contributing to these processes. PMID:28944754

Biomechanical comparison of double-row versus transtendon single-row suture anchor technique for repair of the grade III partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears.

PubMed

Zhang, Chun-Gang; Zhao, De-Wei; Wang, Wei-Ming; Ren, Ming-Fa; Li, Rui-Xin; Yang, Sheng; Liu, Yu-Peng

2010-11-01

For partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff, double-row fixation and transtendon single-row fixation restore insertion site anatomy, with excellent results. We compared the biomechanical properties of double-row and transtendon single-row suture anchor techniques for repair of grade III partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears. In 10 matched pairs of fresh-frozen sheep shoulders, the infraspinatus tendon from 1 shoulder was repaired with a double-row suture anchor technique. This comprised placement of 2 medial anchors with horizontal mattress sutures at an angle of ≤ 45° into the medial margin of the infraspinatus footprint, just lateral to the articular surface, and 2 lateral anchors with horizontal mattress sutures. Standardized, 50% partial, articular-sided infraspinatus lesions were created in the contralateral shoulder. The infraspinatus tendon from the contralateral shoulder was repaired using two anchors with transtendon single-row mattress sutures. Each specimen underwent cyclic loading from 10 to 100 N for 50 cycles, followed by tensile testing to failure. Gap formation and strain over the footprint area were measured using a motion capture system; stiffness and failure load were determined from testing data. Gap formation for the transtendon single-row repair was significantly smaller (P < 0.05) when compared with the double-row repair for the first cycle ((1.74 ± 0.38) mm vs. (2.86 ± 0.46) mm, respectively) and the last cycle ((3.77 ± 0.45) mm vs. (5.89 ± 0.61) mm, respectively). The strain over the footprint area for the transtendon single-row repair was significantly smaller (P < 0.05) when compared with the double-row repair. Also, it had a higher mean ultimate tensile load and stiffness. For grade III partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears, transtendon single-row fixation exhibited superior biomechanical properties when compared with double-row fixation.

Breast screening using 2D-mammography or integrating digital breast tomosynthesis (3D-mammography) for single-reading or double-reading--evidence to guide future screening strategies.

PubMed

Houssami, Nehmat; Macaskill, Petra; Bernardi, Daniela; Caumo, Francesca; Pellegrini, Marco; Brunelli, Silvia; Tuttobene, Paola; Bricolo, Paola; Fantò, Carmine; Valentini, Marvi; Ciatto, Stefano

2014-07-01

We compared detection measures for breast screening strategies comprising single-reading or double-reading using standard 2D-mammography or 2D/3D-mammography, based on the 'screening with tomosynthesis or standard mammography' (STORM) trial. STORM prospectively examined screen-reading in two sequential phases, 2D-mammography alone and integrated 2D/3D-mammography, in asymptomatic women participating in Trento and Verona (Northern Italy) population-based screening services. Outcomes were ascertained from assessment and/or excision histology or follow-up. For each screen-reading strategy we calculated the number of detected and non-detected (including interval) cancers, cancer detection rates (CDRs), false positive recall (FPR) measures and incremental CDR relative to a comparator strategy. We estimated the false:true positive (FP:TP) ratio and sensitivity of each mammography screening strategy. Paired binary data were compared using McNemar's test. Amongst 7292 screening participants, there were 65 (including six interval) breast cancers; estimated first-year interval cancer rate was 0.82/1000 screens (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30-1.79/1000). For single-reading, 35 cancers were detected at both 2D and 2D/3D-mammography, 20 cancers were detected only with 2D/3D-mammography compared with none at 2D-mammography alone (p<0.001) and 10 cancers were not detected. For double-reading, 39 cancers were detected at 2D-mammography and 2D/3D-mammography, 20 were detected only with 2D/3D-mammography compared with none detected at 2D-mammography alone (p<0.001) and six cancers were not detected. The incremental CDR attributable to 2D/3D-mammography (versus 2D-mammography) of 2.7/1000 screens (95% CI: 1.6-4.2) was evident for single and for double-reading. Incremental CDR attributable to double-reading (versus single-reading) of 0.55/1000 screens (95% CI: -0.02-1.4) was evident for 2D-mammography and for 2D/3D-mammography. Estimated FP:TP ratios showed that 2D/3D-mammography screening strategies had more favourable FP to TP trade-off and higher sensitivity, applying single-reading or double-reading, relative to 2D-mammography screening. The evidence we report warrants rethinking of breast screening strategies and should be used to inform future evaluations of 2D/3D-mammography that assess whether or not the estimated incremental detection translates into improved screening outcomes such as a reduction in interval cancer rates. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

IMAAAGINE: a webserver for searching hypothetical 3D amino acid side chain arrangements in the Protein Data Bank

PubMed Central

Nadzirin, Nurul; Willett, Peter; Artymiuk, Peter J.; Firdaus-Raih, Mohd

2013-01-01

We describe a server that allows the interrogation of the Protein Data Bank for hypothetical 3D side chain patterns that are not limited to known patterns from existing 3D structures. A minimal side chain description allows a variety of side chain orientations to exist within the pattern, and generic side chain types such as acid, base and hydroxyl-containing can be additionally deployed in the search query. Moreover, only a subset of distances between the side chains need be specified. We illustrate these capabilities in case studies involving arginine stacks, serine-acid group arrangements and multiple catalytic triad-like configurations. The IMAAAGINE server can be accessed at http://mfrlab.org/grafss/imaaagine/. PMID:23716645

Raman-Scattering Line Profiles of the Symbiotic Star AG Peg

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Seong-Jae; Hyung, Siek

2017-06-01

The high dispersion Hα and Hβ line profiles of the Symbiotic star AG Peg consist of top double Gaussian and bottom components. We investigated the formation of the broad wings with Raman scattering mechanism. Adopting the same physical parameters from the photo-ionization study of Kim and Hyung (2008) for the white dwarf and the ionized gas shell, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for a rotating accretion disk geometry of non-symmetrical latitude angles from -7° < θ < +7° to -16° < θ < +16°. The smaller latitude angle of the disk corresponds to the approaching side of the disk responsible for weak blue Gaussian profile, while the wider latitude angle corresponds to the other side of the disk responsible for the strong red Gaussian profile. We confirmed that the shell has the high gas density ˜ 109.85 cm-3 in the ionized zone of AG Peg derived in the previous photo-ionization model study. The simulation with various HI shell column densities (characterized by a thickness ΔD × gas number density nH) shows that the HI gas shell with a column density Hhi ≈ 3 - 5 × 1019 cm-2 fits the observed line profiles well. The estimated rotation speed of the accretion disk shell is in the range of 44 - 55 kms-1. We conclude that the kinematically incoherent structure involving the outflowing gas from the giant star caused an asymmetry of the disk and double Gaussian profiles found in AG Peg.

Genetics-Based Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Risperidone in a Psychiatric Cohort.

PubMed

Vandenberghe, Frederik; Guidi, Monia; Choong, Eva; von Gunten, Armin; Conus, Philippe; Csajka, Chantal; Eap, Chin B

2015-12-01

High interindividual variability in plasma concentrations of risperidone and its active metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, may lead to suboptimal drug concentration. Using a population pharmacokinetic approach, we aimed to characterize the genetic and non-genetic sources of variability affecting risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone pharmacokinetics, and relate them to common side effects. Overall, 150 psychiatric patients (178 observations) treated with risperidone were genotyped for common polymorphisms in NR1/2, POR, PPARα, ABCB1, CYP2D6 and CYP3A genes. Plasma risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were measured, and clinical data and common clinical chemistry parameters were collected. Drug and metabolite concentrations were analyzed using non-linear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM(®)). Correlations between trough concentrations of the active moiety (risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone) and common side effects were assessed using logistic regression and linear mixed modeling. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 phenotype explained 52% of interindividual variability in risperidone pharmacokinetics. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of the active moiety was found to be 28% higher in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers compared with intermediate, extensive and ultrarapid metabolizers. No other genetic markers were found to significantly affect risperidone concentrations. 9-hydroxyrisperidone elimination was decreased by 26% with doubling of age. A correlation between trough predicted concentration of the active moiety and neurologic symptoms was found (p = 0.03), suggesting that a concentration >40 ng/mL should be targeted only in cases of insufficient, or absence of, response. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 play an important role in risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone and active moiety plasma concentration variability, which were associated with common side effects. These results highlight the importance of a personalized dosage adjustment during risperidone treatment.

Human tolerance to a single, high dose of D-tagatose.

PubMed

Buemann, B; Toubro, S; Raben, A; Astrup, A

1999-04-01

The addition of 29 g D-tagatose added as a sweetener to a continental breakfast was tested for the appearance of gastrointestinal side effects in a double-blind randomized cross-over study with 29 g sucrose as a control treatment. The subjects reported the side effects during 72 h following the test meal on a questionnaire grading the symptoms on a five-level scale ranging from "none" to "very strong." Although "rumbling in the stomach," "distention," "nausea," "rumbling in the gut," "flatulence, " and "diarrhea" scored significantly higher with D-tagatose, the sugar otherwise was well tolerated in most of the subjects. Two cases of vomiting after D-tagatose were recorded but in one of the cases its relation to the D-tagatose intake was questionable. Only the "distention" score remained higher with D-tagatose for more than 24 h. Nausea, vomiting, and perceived distension may be due to an osmotic effect in the small intestine of unabsorbed D-tagatose. The increased flatus is caused by D-tagatose being fermented in the large intestine. Diarrhea may be explained by osmotic effects in the colon from nondegraded D-tagatose or nonabsorbed short-chain fatty acids produced by the increased fermentation. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Reliability and validity of a novel Kinect-based software program for measuring posture, balance and side-bending.

PubMed

Grooten, Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas; Sandberg, Lisa; Ressman, John; Diamantoglou, Nicolas; Johansson, Elin; Rasmussen-Barr, Eva

2018-01-08

Clinical examinations are subjective and often show a low validity and reliability. Objective and highly reliable quantitative assessments are available in laboratory settings using 3D motion analysis, but these systems are too expensive to use for simple clinical examinations. Qinematic™ is an interactive movement analyses system based on the Kinect camera and is an easy-to-use clinical measurement system for assessing posture, balance and side-bending. The aim of the study was to test the test-retest the reliability and construct validity of Qinematic™ in a healthy population, and to calculate the minimal clinical differences for the variables of interest. A further aim was to identify the discriminative validity of Qinematic™ in people with low-back pain (LBP). We performed a test-retest reliability study (n = 37) with around 1 week between the occasions, a construct validity study (n = 30) in which Qinematic™ was tested against a 3D motion capture system, and a discriminative validity study, in which a group of people with LBP (n = 20) was compared to healthy controls (n = 17). We tested a large range of psychometric properties of 18 variables in three sections: posture (head and pelvic position, weight distribution), balance (sway area and velocity in single- and double-leg stance), and side-bending. The majority of the variables in the posture and balance sections, showed poor/fair reliability (ICC < 0.4) and poor/fair validity (Spearman <0.4), with significant differences between occasions, between Qinematic™ and the 3D-motion capture system. In the clinical study, Qinematic™ did not differ between people with LPB and healthy for these variables. For one variable, side-bending to the left, there was excellent reliability (ICC =0.898), excellent validity (r = 0.943), and Qinematic™ could differentiate between LPB and healthy individuals (p = 0.012). This paper shows that a novel software program (Qinematic™) based on the Kinect camera for measuring balance, posture and side-bending has poor psychometric properties, indicating that the variables on balance and posture should not be used for monitoring individual changes over time or in research. Future research on the dynamic tasks of Qinematic™ is warranted.

First results from GaAs double-sided detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beaumont, S. P.; Bertin, R.; Booth, C. N.; Buttar, C.; Carraresi, L.; Cindolo, F.; Colocci, M.; Combley, F. H.; D'Auria, S.; del Papa, C.; Dogru, M.; Edwards, M.; Foster, F.; Francescato, A.; Gowdy, S.; Gray, R.; Hill, G.; Hou, Y.; Houston, P.; Hughes, G.; Jones, B. K.; Lynch, J. G.; Lisowski, B.; Matheson, J.; Nava, F.; Nuti, M.; O'Shea, V.; Pelfer, P. G.; Raine, C.; Santana, J.; Saunders, I. J.; Seller, P. H.; Shankar, K.; Sharp, P. H.; Skillicorn, I. O.; Sloan, T.; Smith, K. M.; ten Have, I.; Turnbull, R. M.; Vanni, U.; Zichichi, A.

1994-09-01

Preliminary results are presented on the performance of double-sided microstrip detectors using Schottky contacts on both sides of a semi-insulating (SI) GaAs substrate wafer, after exposure to 10 14 neutrons cm -2 at the ISIS facility. A qualitative explanation of the device behaviour is given.

Central tracker for BM@N experiment based on double side Si-microstrip detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovalev, Yu.; Kapishin, M.; Khabarov, S.; Shafronovskaia, A.; Tarasov, O.; Makankin, A.; Zamiatin, N.; Zubarev, E.

2017-07-01

Design of central tracker system based on Double-Sided Silicon Detectors (DSSD) for BM@N experiment is described. A coordinate plane with 10240 measuring channels, pitch adapter, reading electronics was developed. Each element was tested and assembled into a coordinate plane. The first tests of the plane with 106Ru source were carried out before installation for the BM@N experiment. The results of the study indicate that noisy channels and inefficient channels are less than 3%. In general, single clusters 87% (one group per module of consecutive strips) and 75% of clusters with a width equal to one strip.

Electrical machines and assemblies including a yokeless stator with modular lamination stacks

DOEpatents

Qu, Ronghai; Jansen, Patrick Lee; Bagepalli, Bharat Sampathkumar; Carl, Jr., Ralph James; Gadre, Aniruddha Dattatraya; Lopez, Fulton Jose

2010-04-06

An electrical machine includes a rotor with an inner rotor portion and an outer rotor portion, and a double-sided yokeless stator. The yokeless stator includes modular lamination stacks and is configured for radial magnetic flux flow. The double-sided yokeless stator is concentrically disposed between the inner rotor portion and the outer rotor portion of the electrical machine. Examples of particularly useful embodiments for the electrical machine include wind turbine generators, ship propulsion motors, switch reluctance machines and double-sided synchronous machines.

Clinical Outcomes of Modified Mason-Allen Single-Row Repair for Bursal-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Comparison With the Double-Row Suture-Bridge Technique.

PubMed

Shin, Sang-Jin; Kook, Seung-Hwan; Rao, Nandan; Seo, Myeong-Jae

2015-08-01

Various repair techniques have been reported for the operative treatment of bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Recently, arthroscopic single-row repair using a modified Mason-Allen technique has been introduced. The arthroscopic, modified Mason-Allen single-row technique with preservation of the articular-sided tendon provides satisfactory clinical outcomes and similar results to the double-row suture-bridge technique after conversion of a partial-thickness tear to a full-thickness tear. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. A retrospective study was conducted on 84 consecutive patients with symptomatic, bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears involving more than 50% thickness of the tendon. A total of 47 patients were treated by the modified Mason-Allen single-row repair technique, preserving the articular-sided tendon, and 37 patients were treated by the double-row suture-bridge repair technique after conversion to a full-thickness tear. The clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Constant scores and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and satisfaction of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to analyze the integrity of tendons at 6-month follow-up. Patients were followed up for a mean of 32.5 months. In the 47 patients treated with the modified Mason-Allen suture technique, the VAS score decreased from a preoperative mean of 5.3 ± 0.3 to 0.9 ± 0.5 at the time of final follow-up. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean ASES score (from 45.4 ± 2.9 to 88.6 ± 4.5) and mean Constant score (from 66.9 ± 2.6 to 88.1 ± 2.4) (P < .001). Four of 47 patients (8.5%) demonstrated retears at 6-month postoperative MRI. There was no statistical difference in terms of functional outcomes and the retear rate compared with those of patients with the suture-bridge repair technique (3 patients, 8.1%). However, the mean number of suture anchors used in the patients with modified Mason-Allen suture repair (1.2 ± 0.4) was significantly fewer than that in the patients with suture-bridge repair (3.2 ± 0.4) (P < .01). The modified Mason-Allen single-row repair technique that preserved the articular-sided tendon provided satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic, bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Despite a fewer number of suture anchors, the shoulder functional outcomes and retear rate in patients after modified Mason-Allen repair were comparable with those of patients who underwent double-row suture-bridge repair. Therefore, the modified Mason-Allen single-row repair technique using a triple-loaded suture anchor can be considered as an effective treatment in patients with bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. © 2015 The Author(s).

Double-bundle PCL reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons: outcome with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

PubMed

Cury, Ricardo de Paula Leite; Castro Filho, Rômulo Neves; Sadatsune, Daniel Akira; do Prado, Davi Ribeiro; Gonçalves, Ricardo José Peruzzo; Mestriner, Marcos Barbieri

2017-01-01

To present the outcomes of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) double-bundle reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons, with a minimum follow-up of two years. Evaluation of 16 cases of PCL injury that underwent double-bundle reconstruction with autogenous hamstring tendons, between 2011 and 2013. The final sample consisted of 16 patients, 15 men and one woman, with a mean age of 31 years (21-49). The predominant mechanism was motorcycle accident in half of the cases. There was a mean interval of 15 months between the time of lesion and the surgery (three to 52 months). Five lesions were isolated and 11, associated. Clinical evaluation, application of validated scores, and measurements with use of the KT-1000 were performed. The analysis showed a mean preoperative Lysholm score of 50 points (28-87), progressing to 94 points (85-100) postoperatively. The IKDC score also demonstrated improvement. In the preoperative evaluation, four and 12 patients were respectively classified as C (abnormal) and D (very unusual), and in the postoperative evaluation six as A (normal) and ten as B (close to normal). In the post-operative evaluation by KT1000 arthrometer, 13 patients showed difference between 0-2 mm and 3 between 3 and 5 mm, when compared with the contralateral side. Autologous hamstring tendons are a viable option in double-bundle reconstruction of the PCL, with good clinical results in a minimum follow-up of two years.

A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate (EPA-E) for Major Depressive Disorder

PubMed Central

Mischoulon, David; Papakostas, George I.; Dording, Christina M.; Farabaugh, Amy H.; Sonawalla, Shamsah B.; Agoston, Monica; Smith, Juliana; Beaumont, Erin; Dahan, Liat; Alpert, Jonathan E.; Nierenberg, Andrew A.; Fava, Maurizio

2010-01-01

Objective We examined the efficacy and tolerability of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPA-E) monotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) in a double-blind, randomized controlled pilot study. Methods 57 adults with DSM-IV MDD were randomized from 1/2003-6/2006 to receive 1 gram/day of EPA or placebo (PBO) for 8 weeks. Response criteria were based on the Hamilton-D-17 scale. Subjects' plasma lipid profiles were examined by gas chromatography. Results 35 subjects (63% female; mean age 45+/-13 yrs) were eligible for the intent to treat (ITT) analysis. In the ITT sample, mean HAM-D-17 scores decreased from 21.6+/-2.7 to 13.9+/-8.9 for the EPA group (n=16) and from 20.5+/-3.6 to 17.5+/-7.5 for the PBO group (n=19) (p=0.123); the effect size for EPA was 0.55. ITT response rates were 38% (6/16) for EPA, and 21% (4/19) for PBO (p=0.45). Among the 24 study completers, mean HAM-D-17 scores decreased from 21.3+/-3.0 to 11.1+/-8.1 for the EPA group and from 20.5+/-3.8 to 16.3+/-6.9 for the PBO group (p=0.087); the effect size for EPA was 0.73. Completer response rates were 45% (5/11) for EPA, and 23% (3/13) for PBO (p=0.39). Among EPA subjects, baseline n-6/n-3 ratio was associated with decrease in HAM-D-17 score (r= -0.686, p=0.030) and with treatment response (p=0.032); change in n-6/n-3 ratio was associated with change in HAM-D-17 score (r=0.784, p=0.032). Side effects, reported in 2 EPA subjects and 5 PBO subjects, were exclusively gastrointestinal, mild, and not associated with discontinuation. Conclusions EPA demonstrated an advantage over placebo that did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to the small sample and low completer rates, which were the major study limitations. PMID:19709502

Color structured light system of chest wall motion measurement for respiratory volume evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Huijun; Cheng, Yuan; Liu, Dongdong; Zhang, Xiaodong; Zhang, Jue; Que, Chengli; Wang, Guangfa; Fang, Jing

2010-03-01

We present a structured light system to dynamically measure human chest wall motion for respiratory volume estimation. Based on a projection of an encoded color pattern and a few active markers attached to the trunk, respiratory volumes are obtained by evaluating the 3-D topographic changes of the chest wall in an anatomically consistent measuring region during respiration. Three measuring setups are established: a single-sided illuminating-recording setup for standing posture, an inclined single-sided setup for supine posture, and a double-sided setup for standing posture. Results are compared with the pneumotachography and show good agreement in volume estimations [correlation coefficient: R>0.99 (P<0.001) for all setups]. The isovolume tests present small variations of the obtained volume during the isovolume maneuver (standard deviation<0.085 L for all setups). After validation by the isovolume test, an investigation of a patient with pleural effusion using the proposed method shows pulmonary functional differences between the diseased and the contralateral sides of the thorax, and subsequent improvement of this imbalance after drainage. These results demonstrate the proposed optical method is capable of not only whole respiratory volume evaluation with high accuracy, but also regional pulmonary function assessment in different chest wall behaviors, with the advantage of whole-field measurement.

[The therapeutic effect of nanometer silver impregnated dressing on gunshot wounds after being immersed in brine and tapwater in rabbits].

PubMed

Chen, Bi; Ding, Guo-bin; Tang, Chao-wu

2004-03-22

To investigate the therapeutic effect of nanometer silver impregnated dressing on gunshot wounds after being immersed in brine and tapwater in rabbits. Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups after receiving gunshot wounds in both lower limbs. In group 1, the wounded limbs on the experimental side were immersed in brine for 5 h; in group 2, the wounded limbs on experimental side were immersed in tapwater for 5 h. All the wounds were treated with nanometer silver impregnated dressing on the experimental sides, while those of the control sides were treated with vaseline dressing. Biopsy was done after 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h, respectively. In group 1, the onset of inflammation around the wounds of the experimental sides was delayed, the inflammatory response was less serious, and the wounds were dry with less exudation compared to the controls. The mean healing time of the entry wounds on experimental and control sides was (29.4 +/- 6.6) d and (36.3 +/- 6.0) d (P < 0.01), respectively, and that of the exit wounds on experimental and control sides was (20.1 +/- 6.0) d and (27.3 +/- 5.7) d (P < 0.01), respectively. In group 2, only one of the experimental wounds showed mild inflammation, while all of the control wounds showed serious inflammation with much exudation. The mean healing time of the entry wounds on experimentsides was (13.0 +/- 1.52) d, while that on control sides was (16.0 +/- 3.10) d (P < 0.01). The mean healing time of exit wounds on experimental sides was (11.0 +/- 2.75) d, and those of the control sides was (15.6 +/- 2.85) d (P < 0.01). The nanometer silver impregnated dressing can control infection and accelerate healing in gunshot wounds in rabbits.

A mutant of the major apple allergen, Mal d 1, demonstrating hypo-allergenicity in the target organ by double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge.

PubMed

Bolhaar, S T H P; Zuidmeer, L; Ma, Y; Ferreira, F; Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C A F M; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K; van Ree, R; Knulst, A C

2005-12-01

Allergen-specific immunotherapy for food allergy has been hindered by severe side-effects in the past. Well-characterized hypo-allergenic recombinant food allergens potentially offer a safe solution. To demonstrate hypo-allergenicity of a mutated major food allergen from apple, Mal d 1, in vitro and in vivo. A mutant of the major apple allergen, Mal d 1, was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis exchanging five amino acid residues. Fourteen patients with combined birch pollen-related apple allergy were included in the study. Hypo-allergenicity of the mutant rMal d 1 (rMal d 1mut) compared with rMal d 1 was assessed by in vitro methods, i.e. RAST (inhibition), immunoblotting and basophil histamine release (BHR) and in vivo by skin prick test and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). RAST analysis (n = 14) revealed that IgE reactivity to rMal d 1mut was twofold lower than that of the wild-type molecule (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-2.4). RAST inhibition (n = 6) showed a 7.8-fold decrease in IgE-binding potency (95% CI: 3.0-12.6). In contrast to this moderate decrease in IgE-binding potency, the biological activity of rMal d 1mut assessed by SPT and BHR decreased 10-200-fold. Hypo-allergenicity was confirmed by DBPCFC (n = 2) with both recombinant molecules. A moderate decrease in IgE-binding potency translates into a potent inhibition of biological activity. This is the first study that confirms by DBPCFC that a mutated recombinant major food allergen is clinically hypo-allergenic. This paves the way towards safer immunotherapy for the treatment of food-allergic patients.

Numerical analysis of the effect of side holes of a double J stent on flow rate and pattern.

PubMed

Kim, Kyung-Wuk; Choi, Young Ho; Lee, Seung Bae; Baba, Yasutaka; Kim, Hyoung-Ho; Suh, Sang-Ho

2015-01-01

A double J stent has been used widely these days for patients with a ureteral stenosis or with renal stones and lithotripsy. The stent has multiple side holes in the shaft, which supply detours for urine flow. Even though medical companies produce various forms of double J stents that have different numbers and positions of side holes in the stent, the function of side holes in fluid dynamics has not been studied well. Here, the flow rate and pattern around the side holes of a double J stent were evaluated in curved models of a stented ureter based on the human anatomy and straight models for comparison. The total flow rate was higher in the stent with a greater number of side holes. The inflow and outflow to the stent through the side holes in the curved ureter was more active than in the straight ureter, which means the flow through side holes exists even in the ureter without ureteral stenosis or occlusion and even in the straight ureter. When the diameter of the ureter changed, the in-stent flow rate in the ureter did not change and the extraluminal flow rate was higher in the ureter with a greater diameter.

Synthesis of uniformly distributed single- and double-sided zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocombs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Altintas Yildirim, Ozlem; Liu, Yuzi; Petford-Long, Amanda K.

Uniformly distributed single- and double-sided zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomb structures have been prepared by a vapor-liquid-solid technique from a mixture of ZnO nanoparticles and graphene nanoplatelets. The ZnO seed nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple precipitation method. The structure of the ZnO nanocombs could easily be controlled by tuning the carrier-gas flow rate during growth. Higher flow rate resulted in the formation of uniformly-distributed single-sided comb structures with nanonail-shaped teeth, as a result of the self-catalysis effect of the catalytically active Zn-terminated polar (0001) surface. Lower gas flow rate was favorable for production of double-sided comb structures with the twomore » sets of teeth at an angle of similar to 110 degrees to each other along the comb ribbon, which was attributed to the formation of a bicrystal nanocomb ribbon. Lastly, the formation of such a double-sided structure with nanonail-shaped teeth has not previously been reported.« less

Synthesis of uniformly distributed single- and double-sided zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocombs

DOE PAGES

Altintas Yildirim, Ozlem; Liu, Yuzi; Petford-Long, Amanda K.

2015-08-21

Uniformly distributed single- and double-sided zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomb structures have been prepared by a vapor-liquid-solid technique from a mixture of ZnO nanoparticles and graphene nanoplatelets. The ZnO seed nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple precipitation method. The structure of the ZnO nanocombs could easily be controlled by tuning the carrier-gas flow rate during growth. Higher flow rate resulted in the formation of uniformly-distributed single-sided comb structures with nanonail-shaped teeth, as a result of the self-catalysis effect of the catalytically active Zn-terminated polar (0001) surface. Lower gas flow rate was favorable for production of double-sided comb structures with the twomore » sets of teeth at an angle of similar to 110 degrees to each other along the comb ribbon, which was attributed to the formation of a bicrystal nanocomb ribbon. Lastly, the formation of such a double-sided structure with nanonail-shaped teeth has not previously been reported.« less

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Similarity of Right and Left Knee Joints

PubMed Central

Jang, Ki-Mo; Park, Jong-Hoon; Chang, Minho; Kim, Youngjun; Lee, Deukhee; Park, Sehyung; Wang, Joon Ho

2017-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical similarity of three-dimensional (3D) morphometric parameters between right and left knees. Materials and Methods Ten fresh-frozen paired cadaveric knees were tested. Following dissection, footprint areas of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were measured. Surface scanning was performed using a 3D scanner. Scanned data were reproduced and morphometric parameters were measured on specialized software. After making mirror models, we compared footprint center positions of the ACL and PCL of both sides and calculated the average deviation of 3D alignment between the right- and left-side models. Results No significant side-to-side differences were found in any morphometric parameters. Bony shapes displayed a side-to-side difference of <1 mm. Distal femoral and proximal tibial volumes did not present side-to-side differences, either; the average 3D deviations of alignment between the right and left sides were 0.8±0.4/1.1±0.6 mm (distal femur/proximal tibia). Center-to-center distances between the right and left ACL footprints were 2.6/2.7 mm (femur/tibia) for the anteromedial bundle and 2.4/2.8 mm for the posterolateral bundle. They were 1.9/1.5 mm for the anterolateral bundle and 2.2/1.8 mm for the posteromedial bundle of the PCL. Conclusions There was a remarkable 3D morphometric similarity between right and left knees. Our results might support the concept of obtaining morphologic reference data from the uninvolved contralateral knee. PMID:29046046

Binding of undamaged double stranded DNA to vaccinia virus uracil-DNA glycosylase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schormann, Norbert; Banerjee, Surajit; Ricciardi, Robert

Background: Uracil-DNA glycosylases are evolutionarily conserved DNA repair enzymes. However, vaccinia virus uracil-DNA glycosylase (known as D4), also serves as an intrinsic and essential component of the processive DNA polymerase complex during DNA replication. In this complex D4 binds to a unique poxvirus specific protein A20 which tethers it to the DNA polymerase. At the replication fork the DNA scanning and repair function of D4 is coupled with DNA replication. So far, DNA-binding to D4 has not been structurally characterized. Results: This manuscript describes the first structure of a DNA-complex of a uracil-DNA glycosylase from the poxvirus family. This alsomore » represents the first structure of a uracil DNA glycosylase in complex with an undamaged DNA. In the asymmetric unit two D4 subunits bind simultaneously to complementary strands of the DNA double helix. Each D4 subunit interacts mainly with the central region of one strand. DNA binds to the opposite side of the A20-binding surface on D4. In comparison of the present structure with the structure of uracil-containing DNA-bound human uracil-DNA glycosylase suggests that for DNA binding and uracil removal D4 employs a unique set of residues and motifs that are highly conserved within the poxvirus family but different in other organisms. Conclusion: The first structure of D4 bound to a truly non-specific undamaged double-stranded DNA suggests that initial binding of DNA may involve multiple non-specific interactions between the protein and the phosphate backbone.« less

Binding of undamaged double stranded DNA to vaccinia virus uracil-DNA glycosylase

DOE PAGES

Schormann, Norbert; Banerjee, Surajit; Ricciardi, Robert; ...

2015-06-02

Background: Uracil-DNA glycosylases are evolutionarily conserved DNA repair enzymes. However, vaccinia virus uracil-DNA glycosylase (known as D4), also serves as an intrinsic and essential component of the processive DNA polymerase complex during DNA replication. In this complex D4 binds to a unique poxvirus specific protein A20 which tethers it to the DNA polymerase. At the replication fork the DNA scanning and repair function of D4 is coupled with DNA replication. So far, DNA-binding to D4 has not been structurally characterized. Results: This manuscript describes the first structure of a DNA-complex of a uracil-DNA glycosylase from the poxvirus family. This alsomore » represents the first structure of a uracil DNA glycosylase in complex with an undamaged DNA. In the asymmetric unit two D4 subunits bind simultaneously to complementary strands of the DNA double helix. Each D4 subunit interacts mainly with the central region of one strand. DNA binds to the opposite side of the A20-binding surface on D4. In comparison of the present structure with the structure of uracil-containing DNA-bound human uracil-DNA glycosylase suggests that for DNA binding and uracil removal D4 employs a unique set of residues and motifs that are highly conserved within the poxvirus family but different in other organisms. Conclusion: The first structure of D4 bound to a truly non-specific undamaged double-stranded DNA suggests that initial binding of DNA may involve multiple non-specific interactions between the protein and the phosphate backbone.« less

Double Mine Building (N) wall showing clerestory slot windows opening ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Double Mine Building (N) wall showing clerestory slot windows opening above level of main roof. Note structure is built on poured concrete foundation partly buried in hillside; view in southeast - Fort McKinley, Double Mine Building, East side of East Side Drive, approximately 125 feet south of Weymouth Way, Great Diamond Island, Portland, Cumberland County, ME

Molecular basis of proton uptake in single and double mutants of cytochrome c oxidase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henry, Rowan M.; Caplan, David; Fadda, Elisa; Pomès, Régis

2011-06-01

Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain, utilizes the reduction of dioxygen into water to pump protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The principal pathway of proton uptake into the enzyme, the D channel, is a 2.5 nm long channel-like cavity named after a conserved, negatively charged aspartic acid (D) residue thought to help recruiting protons to its entrance (D132 in the first subunit of the S. sphaeroides enzyme). The single-point mutation of D132 to asparagine (N), a neutral residue, abolishes enzyme activity. Conversely, replacing conserved N139, one-third into the D channel, by D, induces a decoupled phenotype, whereby oxygen reduction proceeds but not proton pumping. Intriguingly, the double mutant D132N/N139D, which conserves the charge of the D channel, restores the wild-type phenotype. We use molecular dynamics simulations and electrostatic calculations to examine the structural and physical basis for the coupling of proton pumping and oxygen chemistry in single and double N139D mutants. The potential of mean force for the conformational isomerization of N139 and N139D side chains reveals the presence of three rotamers, one of which faces the channel entrance. This out-facing conformer is metastable in the wild-type and in the N139D single mutant, but predominant in the double mutant thanks to the loss of electrostatic repulsion with the carboxylate group of D132. The effects of mutations and conformational isomerization on the pKa of E286, an essential proton-shuttling residue located at the top of the D channel, are shown to be consistent with the electrostatic control of proton pumping proposed recently (Fadda et al 2008 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1777 277-84). Taken together, these results suggest that preserving the spatial distribution of charges at the entrance of the D channel is necessary to guarantee both the uptake and the relay of protons to the active site of the enzyme. These findings highlight the interplay of long-range electrostatic forces and local structural fluctuations in the control of proton movement and provide a physical explanation for the restoration of proton pumping activity in the double mutant.

Regulating Effect of Asymmetrical Impeller on the Flow Distributions of Double-sided Centrifugal Compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Ce; Liu, Yixiong; Yang, Dengfeng; Wang, Benjiang

2017-11-01

To achieve the rebalance of flow distributions of double-sided impellers, a method of improving the radius of rear impeller is presented in this paper. It is found that the flow distributions of front and rear impeller can be adjusted effectively by increasing the radius of rear impeller, thus improves the balance of flow distributions of front and rear impeller. Meanwhile, the working conversion mode process of double-sided centrifugal compressor is also changed. Further analysis shows that the flowrates of blade channels in front impeller are mainly influenced by the circumferential distributions of static pressure in the volute. But the flowrates of rear impeller blade channels are influenced by the outlet flow field of bent duct besides the effects of static pressure distributions in the volute. In the airflow interaction area downstream, the flowrate of blade channel is obviously smaller. By increasing the radius of rear impeller, the work capacity of rear impeller is enhanced, the working mode conversion process from parallel working mode of double-sided impeller to the single impeller working mode is delayed, and the stable working range of double-sided compressor is broadened.

Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of novel N-1 side chain-modified analogs of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT).

PubMed

Pontikis, R; Benhida, R; Aubertin, A M; Grierson, D S; Monneret, C

1997-06-06

A series of 33 N-1 side chain-modified analogs of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (1, HEPT) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activity. In particular, the influence of substitution of the terminal hydroxy group of the acyclic structure of HEPT and the structural rigidity of this side chain were investigated. Halo (7, 8), azido (9), and amino (10-15) derivatives were synthesized from HEPT via the p-tosylate derivative 6. Acylation of the primary amine 15 afforded the amido analogs 16-20. The diaryl derivatives 26-29 were prepared by reaction of HEPT, or of the 6-(2-pyridylthio) analog 23, with diaryl disulfides in the presence of tri-n-butylphosphine. Compounds 39-41, in which the N-1 side chain is rigidified by incorporation of an E-configured double bond, were obtained by palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling of several different 6-(arylthio)uracil derivatives (37, 38) with allyl acetates 33. Compounds 13, 40a,c,d,f, and 41, incorporating an aromatic ring at the end of the acyclic side chain, were found to be more potent than the known diphenyl-substituted HEPT analog BPT (2), two of them, 40c,d, being 10-fold more active.

6. DOUBLE METAL DOORS ON WEST SIDE WITH CABLES ENTERING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. DOUBLE METAL DOORS ON WEST SIDE WITH CABLES ENTERING GROUND AT NORTH END OF BUILDING. - Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Helix House, 6410 Zero Road, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

Double lung point in an 18-month-old child: a case report and literature review

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Objective Double lung point is a rare sign of pneumothorax in clinical practice. In this report I presented an 18-month-old child who presented with bilateral pneumothorax. Data synthesis and case presentation Ultrasonography examination revealed conventional lung point sign on the right and double lung point on the left side. Thoracentesis was attempted and closed thoracic drainage was performed on the right side, but no gas was drawn on the left side. Clinical implication of double lung point sign found in chest ultrasonography is that the size of pneumothorax is limited and conservative treatment is enough. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of double lung point identified with ultrasonography in child. The strength of the case is that the double lung point sign is supported by computed tomography (CT). Furthermore, we propose that the presence of double lung point indicates limited pneumothorax and conservative management may well be attempted. PMID:25922750

Sound transmission through a double panel structure periodically coupled with vibration insulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Legault, Julien; Atalla, Noureddine

2010-07-01

In this paper, sound transmission through an aircraft sidewall representative double panel structure is investigated theoretically and parametric and validation studies are conducted. The studied configuration is composed of a trim panel (receiver side panel) attached to a ribbed skin panel (source side panel) with periodically spaced resilient mounts. The structure is considered infinite in order to use space harmonic expansion. The partition is also assumed planar for simplicity. The model allows for a 3D incident field and the panels can be metallic and/or composite. A four-pole formulation is employed for modeling of the mounts and the absorption provided by the fiberglass that fills the cavity between the leaves is addressed with an equivalent fluid model. The investigation of mount stiffness, damping and spacing show that properly designed mounts can increase the TL significantly (up to 20 dB of difference between rigid and resilient mounts). However, they can create undesirable resonances resulting from their interaction with the panels. The influence of cavity absorption is also studied and results illustrate the fact that it is not worth investing in a highly absorbent fiber if the structure-borne transmission path is not adequately insulated, and likewise that it is not worth investing in highly resilient mounts without sufficient cavity absorption. Moreover, the investigation of panel damping confirms that when structure-borne transmission is present, raising skin damping can increase the TL even below coincidence, but that on average, greater improvements are achieved by raising trim damping. Finally, comparison between the periodic model and finite element simulations for structure-borne transmission shows that the average level of transmitted energy is well reproduced with the periodic approach. However, the modes are only captured approximately due to the assumption of an infinite structure.

Observation of a stationary, current-free double layer in a plasma

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hairapetian, G.; Stenzel, R. L.

1990-01-01

A stationary, current-free, potential double layer is formed in a two-electron-population plasma due to self-consistent separation of the two electron species. The position and amplitude of the double layer are controlled by the relative densities of the two electron populations. The steady-state double layer traps the colder electrons on the high potential side, and generates a neutralized, monoenergetic ion beam on the low potential side. The field-aligned double layer is annihilated when an electron current is drawn through the plasma.

Gemfibrozil in late preterm and term neonates with moderate jaundice: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Jaikrishan; Kumar, Praveen; Narang, Anil

2009-12-01

To determine, if oral Gemfibrozil is effective in decreasing the duration of phototherapy by at least 24 hours in neonates >34 weeks gestation with non-hemolytic jaundice, as compared to placebo. Double blind placebo controlled randomized controlled trial. Tertiary care neonatal unit in north India. Ninety seven neonates >34 weeks gestation with non-hemolytic jaundice within first 7 days of life requiring phototherapy. Two doses of Gemfibrozil (60 mg/kg/dose) or placebo, 12 hours apart. Babies were treated with single surface special blue light phototherapy. Serum total bilirubin (STB) was measured 8 hourly. Phototherapy was stopped if two consecutive STB values were below phototherapy zone. Duration of phototherapy. The median (IQR) duration of phototherapy was 40 (30, 60) hours in Gemfibrozil and 36 (19, 55) hours in the placebo group (P=0.13). The peak STB levels were 16.8 +/- 2.7 mg/dL and 16.3 +/- 2.3 mg/dL in Gemfibrozil and placebo groups, respectively. No side effect of the drug or placebo was noticed. Two doses of gemfibrozil (60 mg/kg/dose) given 12 hours apart were not able to reduce the duration of phototherapy, or peak bilirubin level in babies > 34 weeks gestation with non-hemolytic jaundice in the first week of life. Gemfibrozil was not associated with any side effects.

Fabrication of double-sided thallium bromide strip detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hitomi, Keitaro; Nagano, Nobumichi; Onodera, Toshiyuki; Kim, Seong-Yun; Ito, Tatsuya; Ishii, Keizo

2016-07-01

Double-sided strip detectors were fabricated from thallium bromide (TlBr) crystals grown by the traveling-molten zone method using zone-purified materials. The detectors had three 3.4-mm-long strips with 1-mm widths and a surrounding electrode placed orthogonally on opposite surfaces of the crystals at approximately 6.5×6.5 mm2 in area and 5 mm in thickness. Excellent charge transport properties for both electrons and holes were observed from the TlBr crystals. The mobility-lifetime products for electrons and holes in the detector were measured to be ~3×10-3 cm2/V and ~1×10-3 cm2/V, respectively. The 137Cs spectra corresponding to the gamma-ray interaction position were obtained from the detector. An energy resolution of 3.4% of full width at half maximum for 662-keV gamma rays was obtained from one "pixel" (an intersection of the strips) of the detector at room temperature.

Effect of magnetic exchange, double exchange, vibronic coupling, and asymmetry on magnetic properties in d2-d3 mixed-valence dimers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Xiaohua; Hu, Haiquan; Chen, Zhida

The effect of magnetic exchange, double exchange, vibronic coupling, and asymmetry on magnetic properties of d2-d3 systems is discussed. The temperature-dependent magnetic moment was calculated with the semiclassical adiabatic approach. The results show that the vibronic coupling from the out-of-phase breathing vibration on the metal sites (Piepho, Krausz, and Schatz [PKS] model) and the vibronic coupling from the stretching vibration between the metal sites (P model) favor the localization and delocalization of the "extra" electron in mixed-valence dimers, respectively. The magnetic properties are determined by the interplay among magnetic exchange, double exchange, and vibronic coupling. The results obtained by analyzing d2-d3 systems can be generalized to other full delocalized dinuclear mixed valence systems with a unique transferable electron.

A double-blind comparison of alprazolam, diazepam and placebo in the treatment of anxious out-patients

PubMed Central

Davison, K.; Farquharson, R. G.; Khan, M. C.; Majid, A.

1985-01-01

1 In a double-blind 28-day comparison of alprazolam, diazepam and placebo, alprazolam 1.5-3 mg/day was of equivalent anxiolytic effect to 15-30 mg diazepam/day and there was some evidence of antidepressant activity by alprazolam, but not diazepam, in neurotic depression. No serious side-effects or laboratory abnormalities were encountered. PMID:2859877

A survey of visually induced symptoms and associated factors in spectators of three dimensional stereoscopic movies

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The increasing popularity of commercial movies showing three dimensional (3D) computer generated images has raised concern about image safety and possible side effects on population health. This study aims to (1) quantify the occurrence of visually induced symptoms suffered by the spectators during and after viewing a commercial 3D movie and (2) to assess individual and environmental factors associated to those symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a paper based, self administered questionnaire. The questionnaire includes individual and movie characteristics and selected visually induced symptoms (tired eyes, double vision, headache, dizziness, nausea and palpitations). Symptoms were queried at 3 different times: during, right after and after 2 hours from the movie. Results We collected 953 questionnaires. In our sample, 539 (60.4%) individuals reported 1 or more symptoms during the movie, 392 (43.2%) right after and 139 (15.3%) at 2 hours from the movie. The most frequently reported symptoms were tired eyes (during the movie by 34.8%, right after by 24.0%, after 2 hours by 5.7% of individuals) and headache (during the movie by 13.7%, right after by 16.8%, after 2 hours by 8.3% of individuals). Individual history for frequent headache was associated with tired eyes (OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.01-1.79), double vision (OR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.13-3.41), headache (OR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.41-3.10) during the movie and of headache after the movie (OR = 1.64; 95%CI = 1.16-2.32). Individual susceptibility to car sickness, dizziness, anxiety level, movie show time, animation 3D movie were also associated to several other symptoms. Conclusions The high occurrence of visually induced symptoms resulting from this survey suggests the need of raising public awareness on possible discomfort that susceptible individuals may suffer during and after the vision of 3D movies. PMID:22974235

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rycyna, R.E.; Wallace, J.C.; Sharma, M.

Acetone-photosensitized UV irradiation of three thymine oligomers, d(TpT), d(TpTpT), and d(TpTpTpT), forms predominantly cis-syn cyclobutyl photodimers. C-18 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is used to purify the following positional isomers: d(TpT(p)T), d(T(p)TpT), d-(TpTpT(p)T), d(TpT(p)TpT), d(T(p)TpTpT), and d(T(p)TpT(p)T), where T(p)T represents the cis-syn photodimer. Conformational properties of the cis-syn dimers and adjacent thymine nucleotides have been investigated in solution by using /sup 1/H, /sup 13/C, and /sup 31/P NMR spectroscopy. These studies show that (1) the photodimer conformation in longer oligothymidylates is similar to that in the dinucleoside monophosphate and (2) the cis-syn dimer induces alterations to a greater degree on themore » 5' side than on the 3' side of the photodimer. Specifically, the photodimer distorts the exocyclic bonds epsilon (C3'-O3') in Tp- and ..gamma..(C5'-C4') in -pT(p)- on the 5' side and slightly alters the furanose equilibrium of the -pT nucleotide on the 3' side of the dimer.« less

Optimization of edge state velocity in the integer quantum Hall regime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahasrabudhe, H.; Novakovic, B.; Nakamura, J.; Fallahi, S.; Povolotskyi, M.; Klimeck, G.; Rahman, R.; Manfra, M. J.

2018-02-01

Observation of interference in the quantum Hall regime may be hampered by a small edge state velocity due to finite phase coherence time. Therefore designing two quantum point contact (QPCs) interferometers having a high edge state velocity is desirable. Here we present a new simulation method for designing heterostructures with high edge state velocity by realistically modeling edge states near QPCs in the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) regime. Using this simulation method, we also predict the filling factor at the center of QPCs and their conductance at different gate voltages. The 3D Schrödinger equation is split into 1D and 2D parts. Quasi-1D Schrödinger and Poisson equations are solved self-consistently in the IQHE regime to obtain the potential profile, and quantum transport is used to solve for the edge state wave functions. The velocity of edge states is found to be /B , where is the expectation value of the electric field for the edge state. Anisotropically etched trench gated heterostructures with double-sided delta doping have the highest edge state velocity among the structures considered.

Multifaceted roles of Lys166 of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase as discerned by product analysis and chemical rescue of site-directed mutants.

PubMed

Harpel, Mark R; Larimer, Frank W; Hartman, Fred C

2002-01-29

Ab initio calculations [King, W. A., et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 15414-15422] of an active-site mimic of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase suggest that active-site Lys166 plays a role in carboxylation in addition to its functions in the initial deprotonation and final protonation steps. To test this postulate, the turnover of 1-(3)H-labeled D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by impaired position-166 mutants was characterized. Although these mutants catalyze slow enolization of RuBP, most of the RuBP-enediol undergoes beta-elimination of phosphate to form 2,3-pentodiulose 5-phosphate, signifying deficiencies in normal carboxylation and oxygenation. Much of the remaining RuBP-enediol is carboxylated but forms pyruvate, rather than 3-phospho-D-glycerate, due to incapacity in protonation of the terminal aci-acid intermediate. As a further test of the postulate, the effects of subtle perturbation of the Lys166 side chain on the carboxylation/oxygenation partitioning ratio (tau) were determined. To eliminate a chemically reactive site, Cys58 was replaced by a seryl residue without any loss of activity. The virtually inactive K166C-C58S double mutant was chemically rescued by aminoethylation or aminopropylation to reinsert a lysyl-like side chain at position 166. Relative to the wild-type value, tau for the aminoethylated enzyme was increased by approximately 30%, and tau for the aminopropylated enzyme was decreased by approximately 80%. Thus, two lines of experimentation support the theoretically based conclusion for the importance of Lys166 in the reaction of RuBP-enediol with gaseous substrates.

A luminescent Cd(II)-based metal-organic framework for detection of Fe(III) ions in aqueous solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Fen-Fang; Zhu, Miao-Li; Lu, Li-Ping

2018-05-01

A novel Cd((II)-organic framework [Cd(Hcbic)]n (H3cbic = 1-(4-carboxybenz-yl)-1H-benzoim-idazole-5, 6-dicarboxylic acid) was assembled and characterized by X-ray single crystal analysis. The Cd-MOF features one-dimensional left and right-handed double helical chains with screw-pitch of about 4.727 Å and the 4-methyl benzoic acid groups of Hcbic2- ligands in MOF-1 play many ribbons distributing in the two sides of the 2D networks. It is found that MOF-1 shows high selectivity (KSV = 1.8 × 105 L / mol) for Fe3+ ions in water solution with luminescent quenching because of the existence of uncoordinated carboxyl groups within open frameworks, which indicates that MOF-1 is a simple and reliable detection sensing reagent for Fe3+ in practical applications.

2.5-D poroelastic wave modelling in double porosity media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Xu; Greenhalgh, Stewart; Wang, Yanghua

2011-09-01

To approximate seismic wave propagation in double porosity media, the 2.5-D governing equations of poroelastic waves are developed and numerically solved. The equations are obtained by taking a Fourier transform in the strike or medium-invariant direction over all of the field quantities in the 3-D governing equations. The new memory variables from the Zener model are suggested as a way to represent the sum of the convolution integrals for both the solid particle velocity and the macroscopic fluid flux in the governing equations. By application of the memory equations, the field quantities at every time step need not be stored. However, this approximation allows just two Zener relaxation times to represent the very complex double porosity and dual permeability attenuation mechanism, and thus reduce the difficulty. The 2.5-D governing equations are numerically solved by a time-splitting method for the non-stiff parts and an explicit fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for the time integration and a Fourier pseudospectral staggered-grid for handling the spatial derivative terms. The 2.5-D solution has the advantage of producing a 3-D wavefield (point source) for a 2-D model but is much more computationally efficient than the full 3-D solution. As an illustrative example, we firstly show the computed 2.5-D wavefields in a homogeneous single porosity model for which we reformulated an analytic solution. Results for a two-layer, water-saturated double porosity model and a laterally heterogeneous double porosity structure are also presented.

The Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Combined with Add-Back Therapy on Quality of Life for Adolescents with Endometriosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Sadler Gallagher, Jenny; Feldman, Henry A; Stokes, Natalie A; Laufer, Marc R; Hornstein, Mark D; Gordon, Catherine M; DiVasta, Amy D

2017-04-01

Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) to treat endometriosis can cause mood and vasomotor side effects. "Add-back therapy," the combination of low-dose hormones, limits side effects but research is limited to adults. We sought to characterize quality of life (QOL) before treatment and to compare an add-back regimen of norethindrone acetate (NA) with conjugated estrogens (CEE) to NA alone for preventing side effects of GnRHa therapy in female adolescents with endometriosis. Twelve-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatric Gynecology clinic in Boston, Massachusetts. Fifty female adolescents (aged 15-22 years) with surgically confirmed endometriosis initiating treatment with GnRHa. Subjects were randomized to: NA (5 mg/d) with CEE (0.625 mg/d) or NA (5 mg/d) with placebo. All subjects received leuprolide acetate depot every 3 months. The Short Form-36 v2 Health Survey, Beck Depression Inventory II, and Menopause Rating Scale were completed at repeated intervals. At baseline, subjects reported impaired physical health-related QOL compared with national norms (all P < .0001). Over 12 months, these Short Form-36 v2 scores improved (all P < .05). Subjects receiving NA with CEE showed greater improvements in the pain, vitality, and physical health subscales (P between groups < .05) than those receiving NA alone, as well as better physical functioning (P < .05). There were no changes in depression or menopause-like symptoms in either group. Female adolescents with endometriosis initiating GnRHa therapy have impaired QOL. Treatment with GnRHa combined with add-back therapy led to improved QOL, with no worsening of mood or menopausal side effects. NA with CEE was superior to NA alone for improving physical health-related QOL. Copyright © 2016 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

13. OBSERVATION HALL ALONG WEST SIDE. DOUBLE DOORS LEAD TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. OBSERVATION HALL ALONG WEST SIDE. DOUBLE DOORS LEAD TO MAIN ROOM. Looking north. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Instrumentation & Control Building, Test Area 1-115, northwest end of Saturn Boulevard, Boron, Kern County, CA

A comparative analysis of 3D conformal deep inspiratory–breath hold and free-breathing intensity-modulated radiation therapy for left-sided breast cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reardon, Kelli A.; Read, Paul W.; Morris, Monica M.

2013-07-01

Patients undergoing radiation for left-sided breast cancer have increased rates of coronary artery disease. Free-breathing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (FB-IMRT) and 3-dimensional conformal deep inspiratory–breath hold (3D-DIBH) reduce cardiac irradiation. The purpose of this study is to compare the dose to organs at risk in FB-IMRT vs 3D-DIBH for patients with left-sided breast cancer. Ten patients with left-sided breast cancer had 2 computed tomography scans: free breathing and voluntary DIBH. Optimization of the IMRT plan was performed on the free-breathing scan using 6 noncoplanar tangential beams. The 3D-DIBH plan was optimized on the DIBH scan and used standard tangents. Mean volumesmore » of the heart, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), the total lung, and the right breast receiving 5% to 95% (5% increments) of the prescription dose were calculated. Mean volumes of the heart and the LAD were lower (p<0.05) in 3D-DIBH for volumes receiving 5% to 80% of the prescription dose for the heart and 5% for the LAD. Mean dose to the LAD and heart were lower in 3D-DIBH (p≤0.01). Mean volumes of the total lung were lower in FB-IMRT for dose levels 20% to 75% (p<0.05), but mean dose was not different. Mean volumes of the right breast were not different for any dose; however, mean dose was lower for 3D-DIBH (p = 0.04). 3D-DIBH is an alternative approach to FB-IMRT that provides a clinically equivalent treatment for patients with left-sided breast cancer while sparing organs at risk with increased ease of implementation.« less

Double sided circuit board and a method for its manufacture

DOEpatents

Lindenmeyer, Carl W.

1989-01-01

Conductance between the sides of a large double sided printed circuit board is provided using a method which eliminates the need for chemical immersion or photographic exposure of the entire large board. A plurality of through-holes are drilled or punched in a substratum according to the desired pattern, conductive laminae are made to adhere to both sides of the substratum covering the holes and the laminae are pressed together and permanently joined within the holes, providing conductive paths.

Double sided circuit board and a method for its manufacture

DOEpatents

Lindenmeyer, C.W.

1988-04-14

Conductance between the sides of a large double sided printed circuit board is provided using a method which eliminates the need for chemical immersion or photographic exposure of the entire large board. A plurality of through-holes are drilled or punched in a substratum according to the desired pattern, conductive laminae are made to adhere to both sides of the substratum covering the holes and the laminae are pressed together and permanently joined within the holes, providing conductive paths. 4 figs.

Double sided circuit board and a method for its manufacture

DOEpatents

Lindenmeyer, Carl W.

1989-07-04

Conductance between the sides of a large double sided printed circuit board is provided using a method which eliminates the need for chemical immersion or photographic exposure of the entire large board. A plurality of through-holes are drilled or punched in a substratum according to the desired pattern, conductive laminae are made to adhere to both sides of the substratum covering the holes and the laminae are pressed together and permanently joined within the holes, providing conductive paths.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shinde, Subhash L.; Teifel, John; Flores, Richard S.

A 3D stacked sASIC is provided that includes a plurality of 2D reconfigurable structured structured ASIC (sASIC) levels interconnected through hard-wired arrays of 3D vias. The 2D sASIC levels may contain logic, memory, analog functions, and device input/output pad circuitry. During fabrication, these 2D sASIC levels are stacked on top of each other and fused together with 3D metal vias. Such 3D vias may be fabricated as through-silicon vias (TSVs). They may connect to the back-side of the 2D sASIC level, or they may be connected to top metal pads on the front-side of the 2D sASIC level.

Calibration between Color Camera and 3D LIDAR Instruments with a Polygonal Planar Board

PubMed Central

Park, Yoonsu; Yun, Seokmin; Won, Chee Sun; Cho, Kyungeun; Um, Kyhyun; Sim, Sungdae

2014-01-01

Calibration between color camera and 3D Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) equipment is an essential process for data fusion. The goal of this paper is to improve the calibration accuracy between a camera and a 3D LIDAR. In particular, we are interested in calibrating a low resolution 3D LIDAR with a relatively small number of vertical sensors. Our goal is achieved by employing a new methodology for the calibration board, which exploits 2D-3D correspondences. The 3D corresponding points are estimated from the scanned laser points on the polygonal planar board with adjacent sides. Since the lengths of adjacent sides are known, we can estimate the vertices of the board as a meeting point of two projected sides of the polygonal board. The estimated vertices from the range data and those detected from the color image serve as the corresponding points for the calibration. Experiments using a low-resolution LIDAR with 32 sensors show robust results. PMID:24643005

Hydrodynamics of laser-driven double-foil collisions studied by orthogonal x-ray imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aglitskiy, Y.; Metzler, N.; Karasik, M.; Serlin, V.; Obenschain, S. P.; Schmitt, A. J.; Velikovich, A. L.; Gardner, J. H.; Weaver, J.; Oh, J.

2006-10-01

With this experiment we start the study of the physics of hydrodynamic instability seeding and growth during the deceleration and stagnation phases. Our first targets consisted of two separated parallel plastic foils -- flat and rippled. The flat foil was irradiated by the 4 ns Nike KrF laser pulses at 50 TW/cm^2 and accelerated towards the rippled one. Orthogonal imaging, i. e., a simultaneous side-on and face-on radiography of the targets has been used in these experiments. Side-on x-ray radiography and VISAR data yield shock and target velocities before and after the collision. Face-on streaks revealed well-pronounced oscillatory behavior of the single-mode mass perturbations. Both sets of synchronized data were compared with 1D and 2D simulations. Observed velocities, timing and the peak value of areal mass variation are in good agreement with the simulated ones.

Neutron Diffraction Structure of Melampodin: Its Role in the Reclassification of the Germacranolides

PubMed Central

Watkins, Steven F.; Fischer, Nikolaus H.; Bernal, Ivan

1973-01-01

The precise crystal and molecular structure of melampodin, C21H24O9, was determined from three-dimensional neutron diffraction data collected by counter techniques and phases by direct statistical methods. Crystals are orthorhombic, P212121, a = 8,990(9), b = 14.352(14), c = 16.294(16) Å, V = 2102 Å3, d(calc.) = 1.328 g·cm-3, Z = 4 molecules per unit cell. The structural model was refined by full matrix least-squares of 2303 observed independent reflections, with all 54 atoms treated anisotropically, to R(F) = 5.0%. Hydrogen bonds link melampodin molecules together in the solid state. The conformation of the cyclodeca-1,5-diene ring is such that one intraannular hydrogen atom interacts strongly with one double bond, but there is little or no transannular interaction between double bonds. Strain in the ten-membered ring and in the trans-fused lactone ring is discussed, as are chemical implications of the unsymmetric epoxide in the epoxyangelic acid side chain. The previously suggested reclassification of germacranolide sesquiterpene lactones into four subgroups is supported, and a new convention for configurational representations of the four subgroups is proposed. PMID:16592106

Albendazole versus metronidazole in the treatment of adult giardiasis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.

PubMed

Cañete, Roberto; Rodríguez, Pablo; Mesa, Lumey; Brito, Katia; Prior, Ada; Guilhem, Dirce; Novaes, M R C G

2012-01-01

Albendazole (ABZ) is a benzimidazole carbamate compound currently in use for human medical practice against enterobiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH); However, its spectrum of activity is broad and goes beyond these infections. This study compares the efficacy and safety of ABZ versus metronidazole (MTZ) in human giardiasis. A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was carried out at the Centre of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology in Matanzas City, Cuba. Adult patients with confirmed symptomatic G. duodenalis mono-infection were randomly assigned to receive either ABZ [400 mg daily (n = 75)] or MTZ [250 mg t.i.d. (n = 75)], both for 5 days. Follow-up fecal samples were obtained at 3, 5, 7 days after treatment end. The efficacy was similar for both treatment groups: ABZ (82.6%) and MTZ (85.3%); p > 0.05. Side-effects including bitter taste, headache, vomiting and dizziness were significantly higher in the MTZ group. Abdominal pain was significantly higher in ABZ group. ABZ was found as effective as MTZ in the treatment of G. duodenalis infections in adult patients from Cuba and could be a useful drug in areas where co-infection with STH infections is common.

Revealing a double-inversion mechanism for the F⁻+CH₃Cl SN2 reaction.

PubMed

Szabó, István; Czakó, Gábor

2015-01-19

Stereo-specific reaction mechanisms play a fundamental role in chemistry. The back-side attack inversion and front-side attack retention pathways of the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions are the textbook examples for stereo-specific chemical processes. Here, we report an accurate global analytic potential energy surface (PES) for the F(-)+CH₃Cl SN2 reaction, which describes both the back-side and front-side attack substitution pathways as well as the proton-abstraction channel. Moreover, reaction dynamics simulations on this surface reveal a novel double-inversion mechanism, in which an abstraction-induced inversion via a FH···CH₂Cl(-) transition state is followed by a second inversion via the usual [F···CH₃···Cl](-) saddle point, thereby opening a lower energy reaction path for retention than the front-side attack. Quasi-classical trajectory computations for the F(-)+CH₃Cl(ν1=0, 1) reactions show that the front-side attack is a fast direct, whereas the double inversion is a slow indirect process.

Experimental study of the rearrangements of valence protons and neutrons amongst single-particle orbits during double- β decay in Mo 100

DOE PAGES

Freeman, S. J.; Sharp, D. K.; McAllister, S. A.; ...

2017-11-27

The rearrangements of protons and neutrons amongst the valence single-particle orbitals during double-beta decay of Mo-100 have been determined by measuring cross sections in (d, p), (p, d), (He-3, a), and (He-3, d) reactions on Mo-98,Mo-100 and Ru-100,Ru-102 targets. The deduced nucleon occupancies reveal significant discrepancies when compared with theoretical calculations; the same calculations have previously been used to determine the nuclear matrix element associated with the decay probability of double-beta decay of the Mo-100 system.

Experimental study of the rearrangements of valence protons and neutrons amongst single-particle orbits during double- β decay in Mo 100

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Freeman, S. J.; Sharp, D. K.; McAllister, S. A.

The rearrangements of protons and neutrons amongst the valence single-particle orbitals during double-beta decay of Mo-100 have been determined by measuring cross sections in (d, p), (p, d), (He-3, a), and (He-3, d) reactions on Mo-98,Mo-100 and Ru-100,Ru-102 targets. The deduced nucleon occupancies reveal significant discrepancies when compared with theoretical calculations; the same calculations have previously been used to determine the nuclear matrix element associated with the decay probability of double-beta decay of the Mo-100 system.

Experimental study of the rearrangements of valence protons and neutrons amongst single-particle orbits during double-β decay in 100Mo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freeman, S. J.; Sharp, D. K.; McAllister, S. A.; Kay, B. P.; Deibel, C. M.; Faestermann, T.; Hertenberger, R.; Mitchell, A. J.; Schiffer, J. P.; Szwec, S. V.; Thomas, J. S.; Wirth, H.-F.

2017-11-01

The rearrangements of protons and neutrons amongst the valence single-particle orbitals during double-β decay of 100Mo have been determined by measuring cross sections in (d ,p ), (p ,d ), (3He,α ), and (3He,d ) reactions on Mo,10098 and Ru,102100 targets. The deduced nucleon occupancies reveal significant discrepancies when compared with theoretical calculations; the same calculations have previously been used to determine the nuclear matrix element associated with the decay probability of double-β decay of the 100Mo system.

New technique of skin embedded wire double-sided laser beam welding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Bing; Tao, Wang; Chen, Yanbin

2017-06-01

In the aircraft industry, double-sided laser beam welding is an approved method for producing skin-stringer T-joints on aircraft fuselage panels. As for the welding of new generation aluminum-lithium alloys, however, this technique is limited because of high hot cracking susceptibility and strengthening elements' uneven distributions within weld. In the present study, a new technique of skin embedded wire double-sided laser beam welding (LBW) has been developed to fabricate T-joints consisting of 2.0 mm thick 2060-T8/2099-T83 aluminum-lithium alloys using eutectic alloy AA4047 filler wire. Necessary dimension parameters of the novel groove were reasonably designed for achieving crack-free welds. Comparisons were made between the new technique welded T-joint and conventional T-joint mainly on microstructure, hot crack, elements distribution features and mechanical properties within weld. Excellent crack-free microstructure, uniform distribution of silicon and superior tensile properties within weld were found in the new skin embedded wire double-sided LBW T-joints.

RNA circularization reveals terminal sequence heterogeneity in a double-stranded RNA virus.

PubMed

Widmer, G

1993-03-01

Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA), termed LRV1, have been found in several strains of the protozoan parasite Leishmania. With the aim of constructing a full-length cDNA copy of the viral genome, including its terminal sequences, a protocol based on PCR amplification across the 3'-5' junction of circularized RNA was developed. This method proved to be applicable to dsRNA. It provided a relatively simple alternative to one-sided PCR, without loss of specificity inherent in the use of generic primers. LRV1 terminal nucleotide sequences obtained by this method showed a considerable variation in length, particularly at the 5' end of the positive strand, as well as the potential for forming 3' overhangs. The opposite genomic end terminates in 0, 1, or 2 TCA trinucleotide repeats. These results are compared with terminal sequences derived from one-sided PCR experiments.

Quantitative evaluation of native lung hyperinflation after single lung transplantation for emphysema using three-dimensional computed tomography volumetry.

PubMed

Motoyama, H; Chen, F; Ohsumi, A; Hijiya, K; Takahashi, M; Ohata, K; Yamada, T; Sato, M; Aoyama, A; Bando, T; Date, H

2014-04-01

Although double lung transplantation is performed more frequently for emphysema, single lung transplantation (SLT) continues to be performed owing to limited donor organ availability. Native lung hyperinflation (NLH) is a unique complication following SLT for emphysema. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) volumetry has been introduced into the field of lung transplantation, which we used to assess NLH in emphysema patients undergoing SLT. The primary purpose of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of 3D-CT volumetry in the evaluation of NLH following SLT for emphysema. In 5 emphysema patients undergoing SLT at Kyoto University Hospital, 3D-CT volumetry data, pulmonary function test results, and clinical and radiological findings were retrospectively evaluated. Three patients did not develop a significant mediastinal shift, whereas the other 2 patients developed a mediastinal shift. In the 3 patients without a mediastinal shift, 3D-CT volumetry did not show a significant increase in native lung volume. These patients had a history of sternotomy prior to lung transplantation and firm adhesion on the mediastinal side was detected during lung transplantation. One of 2 patients with a mediastinal shift developed severe dyspnea with significantly decreased pulmonary function, and 3D-CT volumetry showed a significant increase in the native lung volume. However, the other patient did not show any dyspnea and his native lung volume decreased postoperatively (preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively: +981 mL and -348 mL, respectively). Although bilateral lung transplantation has become preferable for emphysema patients owing to postoperative NLH with SLT, patients with a history of sternotomy prior to lung transplantation might be good candidates for SLT. 3D-CT volumetry may be a useful method for detection of NLH. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Twelve Great Basketball Offenses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Healey, William A.; Hartley, Joseph W.

Features and merits of twelve offensive basketball patterns are presented in this volume. Plays described are: (1) single pivot-post offense; (2) double pivot-post offense; (3) weak-side cutter series (reverse action offense); (4) 1-3-1 offense (hi-lo offense); (5) Illinois continuity offense; (6) rotation offense; (7) shuffle offense; (8) pick…

Relation between therapeutic response and side effects induced by methylphenidate as observed by parents and teachers of children with ADHD.

PubMed

Lee, James; Grizenko, Natalie; Bhat, Venkataramana; Sengupta, Sarojini; Polotskaia, Anna; Joober, Ridha

2011-04-21

The desired (therapeutic) and undesired (side) effects of methylphenidate might have underlying correlations. The aim of this study was to explore the strength and the possible sources of these correlations. One hundred and fifty-seven children with ADHD (6-12 years) were administered placebo and methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg in a divided b.i.d. dose), each for a one-week period, in a double-blind, crossover trial. Therapeutic response was assessed using the Conners' Global Index for parents (CGI-Parents) and teachers (CGI-Teachers), while side effects were assessed using the Barkley Side Effects Rating Scale (SERS). The side effect profile as assessed by the SERS was similar to that of previous studies with insomnia, decreased appetite, and headaches showing significant treatment effects (p < 0.005). These "somatic/physical" side effects did not correlate with CGI-Parents or CGI-Teachers. However, the side effects of "irritability", "proneness to crying", and "anxiousness" showed significant relationships with CGI-Parents. These "mood/anxiety" side effects showed no significant correlations with the CGI-Teachers. The greater "mood/anxiety" side effects on methylphenidate and placebo, the less the parents observe improvement of their children while treated with methylphenidate. This suggests that the correlations between "mood/anxiety" side effects and poor response to treatment may be driven by observer effects rather than biological commonalities between therapeutic and side effects of methylphenidate.

Improvement in transmission loss of aircraft double wall with resonators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jincai; Shi, Liming; Ye, Xining

1991-08-01

A little volume low frequency resonator applicable to double-wall configuration of propeller-driven aircraft was designed on the basis of the principle of Helmholtz resonator. The normal incidence absorption coefficient of the various single resonator has been measured. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results is encouraging. An array of resonators whose resonant frequency at 85 Hz and 160 Hz, respectively, are installed between aircraft double-panel, and it has been shown that transmission loss of the double wall structure with resonators improve 4 dB and 6.5 dB in 1/3rd octave bandwidth at 80 Hz and 160 Hz center frequency, respectively, and 5 dB and 7 dB at resonant frequencies, compared with that of the double wall configuration without resonators.

Generating a Double-Scroll Attractor by Connecting a Pair of Mutual Mirror-Image Attractors via Planar Switching Control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Changchun; Chen, Zhongtang; Xu, Qicheng

2017-12-01

An original three-dimensional (3D) smooth continuous chaotic system and its mirror-image system with eight common parameters are constructed and a pair of symmetric chaotic attractors can be generated simultaneously. Basic dynamical behaviors of two 3D chaotic systems are investigated respectively. A double-scroll chaotic attractor by connecting the pair of mutual mirror-image attractors is generated via a novel planar switching control approach. Chaos can also be controlled to a fixed point, a periodic orbit and a divergent orbit respectively by switching between two chaotic systems. Finally, an equivalent 3D chaotic system by combining two 3D chaotic systems with a switching law is designed by utilizing a sign function. Two circuit diagrams for realizing the double-scroll attractor are depicted by employing an improved module-based design approach.

Full-frame, high-speed 3D shape and deformation measurements using stereo-digital image correlation and a single color high-speed camera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Liping; Pan, Bing

2017-08-01

Full-frame, high-speed 3D shape and deformation measurement using stereo-digital image correlation (stereo-DIC) technique and a single high-speed color camera is proposed. With the aid of a skillfully designed pseudo stereo-imaging apparatus, color images of a test object surface, composed of blue and red channel images from two different optical paths, are recorded by a high-speed color CMOS camera. The recorded color images can be separated into red and blue channel sub-images using a simple but effective color crosstalk correction method. These separated blue and red channel sub-images are processed by regular stereo-DIC method to retrieve full-field 3D shape and deformation on the test object surface. Compared with existing two-camera high-speed stereo-DIC or four-mirror-adapter-assisted singe-camera high-speed stereo-DIC, the proposed single-camera high-speed stereo-DIC technique offers prominent advantages of full-frame measurements using a single high-speed camera but without sacrificing its spatial resolution. Two real experiments, including shape measurement of a curved surface and vibration measurement of a Chinese double-side drum, demonstrated the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed technique.

NLOS Correction/Exclusion for GNSS Measurement Using RAIM and City Building Models.

PubMed

Hsu, Li-Ta; Gu, Yanlei; Kamijo, Shunsuke

2015-07-17

Currently, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can provide accurate and reliable positioning service in open-field areas. However, their performance in the downtown areas of cities is still affected by the multipath and none-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions. This paper proposes a new positioning method using 3D building models and the receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) satellite selection method to achieve satisfactory positioning performance in urban area. The 3D building model uses a ray-tracing technique to simulate the line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS signal travel distance, which is well-known as pseudorange, between the satellite and receiver. The proposed RAIM fault detection and exclusion (FDE) is able to compare the similarity between the raw pseudorange measurement and the simulated pseudorange. The measurement of the satellite will be excluded if the simulated and raw pseudoranges are inconsistent. Because of the assumption of the single reflection in the ray-tracing technique, an inconsistent case indicates it is a double or multiple reflected NLOS signal. According to the experimental results, the RAIM satellite selection technique can reduce by about 8.4% and 36.2% the positioning solutions with large errors (solutions estimated on the wrong side of the road) for the 3D building model method in the middle and deep urban canyon environment, respectively.

Efficacy of methylphenidate in the rehabilitation of attention following traumatic brain injury: a randomised, crossover, double blind, placebo controlled inpatient trial.

PubMed

Willmott, C; Ponsford, J

2009-05-01

Most previous studies evaluating the use of methylphenidate following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been conducted many years post-injury. This study evaluated the efficacy of methylphenidate in facilitating cognitive function in the inpatient rehabilitation phase. 40 participants with moderate-severe TBI (mean 68 days post-injury) were recruited into a randomised, crossover, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Methylphenidate was administered at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg twice daily and lactose in identical capsules served as placebo. Methylphenidate and placebo administration was randomised in a crossover design across six sessions over a 2 week period. Primary efficacy outcomes were neuropsychological tests of attention. No participants were withdrawn because of side effects or adverse events. Methylphenidate significantly increased speed of information processing on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (95% CI 0.30 to 2.95, Cohen's d = 0.39, p = 0.02), Ruff 2 and 7 Test-Automatic Condition (95% CI 1.38 to 6.12, Cohen's d = 0.51, p = 0.003), Simple Selective Attention Task (95% CI -58.35 to -17.43, Cohen's d = 0.59, p = 0.001) and Dissimilar Compatible (95% CI -70.13 to -15.38, Cohen's d = 0.51, p = 0.003) and Similar Compatible (95% CI -74.82 to -19.06, Cohen's d = 0.55, p = 0.002) conditions of the Four Choice Reaction Time Task. Those with more severe injuries and slower baseline information processing speed demonstrated a greater drug response. Methylphenidate enhances information processing speed in the inpatient rehabilitation phase following TBI. This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (12607000503426).

Novel four-sided neural probe fabricated by a thermal lamination process of polymer films.

PubMed

Shin, Soowon; Kim, Jae-Hyun; Jeong, Joonsoo; Gwon, Tae Mok; Lee, Seung-Hee; Kim, Sung June

2017-02-15

Ideally, neural probes should have channels with a three-dimensional (3-D) configuration to record the activities of 3-D neural circuits. Many types of 3-D neural probes have been developed; however, most of them were designed as an array of multiple shanks with electrodes located along one side of the shanks. We developed a novel liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-based neural probe with four-sided electrodes. This probe has electrodes on four sides of the shank, i.e., the front, back and two sidewalls. To generate the proposed configuration of the electrodes, we used a thermal lamination process involving LCP films and laser micromachining. The proposed novel four-sided neural probe, was used to successfully perform in vivo multichannel neural recording in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex. The multichannel neural recording showed that the proposed four-sided neural probe can record spiking activities from a more diverse neuronal population than single-sided probes. This was confirmed by a pairwise Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson's r) analysis and a cross-correlation analysis. The developed four-sided neural probe can be used to record various signals from a complex neural network. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Side-gate modulation effects on high-quality BN-Graphene-BN nanoribbon capacitors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Yang; Chen, Xiaolong; Ye, Weiguang

High-quality BN-Graphene-BN nanoribbon capacitors with double side-gates of graphene have been experimentally realized. The double side-gates can effectively modulate the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbon capacitors. By applying anti-symmetric side-gate voltages, we observed significant upward shifting and flattening of the V-shaped capacitance curve near the charge neutrality point. Symmetric side-gate voltages, however, only resulted in tilted upward shifting along the opposite direction of applied gate voltages. These modulation effects followed the behavior of graphene nanoribbons predicted theoretically for metallic side-gate modulation. The negative quantum capacitance phenomenon predicted by numerical simulations for graphene nanoribbons modulated by graphene side-gates was not observed,more » possibly due to the weakened interactions between the graphene nanoribbon and side-gate electrodes caused by the Ga{sup +} beam etching process.« less

Passive micromixers with dual helical channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Keyin; Yang, Qing; Chen, Feng; Zhao, Yulong; Meng, Xiangwei; Shan, Chao; Li, Yanyang

2015-02-01

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) micromixer with cross-linked double helical microchannels is studied to achieve rapid mixing of fluids at low Reynolds numbers (Re). The 3D micromixer takes full advantages of the chaotic advection model with helical microchannels; meanwhile, the proposed crossing structure of double helical microchannels enables two flow patterns of repelling flow and straight flow in the fluids to promote the agitation effect. The complex 3D micromixer is realized by an improved femtosecond laser wet etching (FLWE) technology embedded in fused silica. The mixing results show that cross-linked double helical microchannels can achieve excellent mixing within 3 cycles (300 μm) over a wide range of low Re (1.5×10-3~600), which compare well with the conventional passive micromixers. This highly-effective micromixer is hoped to contribute to the integration of microfluidic systems.

Controlled double emulsification utilizing 3D PDMS microchannels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Fu-Che; Su, Yu-Chuan

2008-06-01

This paper presents a PDMS emulsification device that is capable of generating water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions in a controlled manner. Specially designed 3D microchannels are utilized to steer the independently driven water- and oil-phase flows (especially to restrict the attachment of the middle oil-phase flow on the channel surfaces), and to break the continuous flows into monodisperse double emulsions. In addition to channel geometries and fluid flow rates, surfactants and osmotic agents are employed to facilitate the breakup process and stabilize the resulting emulsion structures. In the prototype demonstration, two-level SU-8 molds were fabricated to duplicate PDMS microstructures, which were surface treated and bonded irreversibly to form 3D microchannels. Throughout the emulsification trials, dripping was intentionally induced to generate monodisperse double emulsions with single or multiple aqueous droplets inside each oil drop. It is found that the overall and core sizes of the resulting double emulsions could be adjusted independently, mainly by varying the outer and inner fluid flow rates, respectively. As such, the presented double emulsification device could potentially realize the controllability on emulsion structure and size distribution, which is desired for a variety of biological and pharmaceutical applications.

Evaluation of hemostatic and fibrinolytic markers in dogs with ascites attributable to right-sided congestive heart failure.

PubMed

Zoia, Andrea; Augusto, Monica; Drigo, Michele; Caldin, Marco

2012-11-15

To determine whether dogs with ascites secondary to right-sided congestive heart failure (CHF) have bleeding disorders associated with hypofibrinogenemia and discordant plasma fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimer assay results (ie, a circulating concentration of FDPs higher than the reference range and a circulating concentration of D-dimer within the reference range). Retrospective case-control study. 80 client-owned dogs. Dogs with ascites secondary to right-sided CHF (group 1; n = 20), unhealthy dogs without cardiac disease (group 2; 40), and dogs with left-sided CHF (group 3; 20) were included in the study. Urine bile acids-to-creatinine concentration ratios were calculated as a marker of liver function. Differences among groups regarding coagulation profile analysis results and prevalence of discordant FDPs and D-dimer assay results were determined. No significant differences were detected among the 3 groups regarding urine bile acids-to-creatinine concentration ratios. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was significantly lower for group 1 versus groups 2 or 3. Prevalence of discordant FDPs and D-dimer assay results was significantly higher for group 1 versus groups 2 or 3. Eighteen group 1 dogs had discordant FDPs and D-dimer assay results. Ten of these dogs had concurrent hypofibrinogenemia, 2 of which had clinical signs of bleeding. Only 10 dogs in groups 2 or 3 had discordant FDPs and D-dimer assay results; none of these dogs had hypofibrinogenemia or clinical signs of bleeding. Dogs with right-sided CHF and ascites may be at increased risk for primary hyperfibrinogenolysis (ie, hypofibrinogenemia and discordant FDPs and D-dimer assay results).

Immobilization of paracetamol and benzocaine pro-drug derivatives as long-range self-organized monolayers on graphite.

PubMed

Popoff, Alexandre; Fichou, Denis

2008-05-01

We show here by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid/solid interface that paracetamol and benzocaine molecules bearing a long aliphatic chain can be immobilized on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) as perfectly ordered two-dimensional domains extending over several hundreds of nanometers. In both cases, high-resolution STM images reveal that compounds 1 and 2 self-assemble into parallel lamellae having a head-to-head arrangement. The paracetamol heads of 1 are in a zigzag position with entangled n-dodecyloxy side chains while benzocaine heads of compound 2 are perfectly aligned as a double row and have their palmitic side chains on either sides of the head alignment. We attribute the very long-range ordering of these two pro-drug derivatives on HOPG to the combined effects of intermolecular H-bonding on one side and Van der Waals interactions between aliphatic side chains and graphite on the other side. The 2D immobilization of pro-drug derivatives via a non-destructive physisorption mechanism could prove to be useful for applications such as drug delivery if it can be realized on a biocompatible substrate.

Supplementation with 1000 IU vitamin D/d leads to parathyroid hormone suppression, but not increased fractional calcium absorption, in 4-8-y-old children: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The effects of vitamin D supplementation in healthy prepubertal children on physiologic outcomes have not been investigated. The objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with 1000 IU vitamin D(3)/d on calcium absorption. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assign...

Case study: Beauty and the Beast 3D: benefits of 3D viewing for 2D to 3D conversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Handy Turner, Tara

2010-02-01

From the earliest stages of the Beauty and the Beast 3D conversion project, the advantages of accurate desk-side 3D viewing was evident. While designing and testing the 2D to 3D conversion process, the engineering team at Walt Disney Animation Studios proposed a 3D viewing configuration that not only allowed artists to "compose" stereoscopic 3D but also improved efficiency by allowing artists to instantly detect which image features were essential to the stereoscopic appeal of a shot and which features had minimal or even negative impact. At a time when few commercial 3D monitors were available and few software packages provided 3D desk-side output, the team designed their own prototype devices and collaborated with vendors to create a "3D composing" workstation. This paper outlines the display technologies explored, final choices made for Beauty and the Beast 3D, wish-lists for future development and a few rules of thumb for composing compelling 2D to 3D conversions.

Diode-side-pumped continuous wave Nd³⁺ : YVO₄ self-Raman laser at 1176 nm.

PubMed

Kores, Cristine Calil; Jakutis-Neto, Jonas; Geskus, Dimitri; Pask, Helen M; Wetter, Niklaus U

2015-08-01

Here we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first diode-side-pumped continuous wave (cw) Nd3+:YVO4 self-Raman laser operating at 1176 nm. The compact cavity design is based on the total internal reflection of the laser beam at the pumped side of the Nd3+:YVO4 crystal. Configurations with a single bounce and a double bounce of the laser beam at the pumped faced have been characterized, providing a quasi-cw peak output power of more than 8 W (multimode) with an optical conversion efficiency of 11.5% and 3.7 W (TEM00) having an optical conversion efficiency of 5.4%, respectively. Cw output power of 1.8 W has been demonstrated.

Simulation realization of 2-D wavelength/time system utilizing MDW code for OCDMA system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azura, M. S. A.; Rashidi, C. B. M.; Aljunid, S. A.; Endut, R.; Ali, N.

2017-11-01

This paper presents a realization of Wavelength/Time (W/T) Two-Dimensional Modified Double Weight (2-D MDW) code for Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) system based on Spectral Amplitude Coding (SAC) approach. The MDW code has the capability to suppress Phase-Induce Intensity Noise (PIIN) and minimizing the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) noises. At the permissible BER 10-9, the 2-D MDW (APD) had shown minimum effective received power (Psr) = -71 dBm that can be obtained at the receiver side as compared to 2-D MDW (PIN) only received -61 dBm. The results show that 2-D MDW (APD) has better performance in achieving same BER with longer optical fiber length and with less received power (Psr). Also, the BER from the result shows that MDW code has the capability to suppress PIIN ad MAI.

The role of nonmagnetic d{sup 0} vs. d{sup 10}B-type cations on the magnetic exchange interactions in osmium double perovskites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Feng, Hai L., E-mail: Hai.Feng@cpfs.mpg.de; Yamaura, Kazunari; Tjeng, Liu Hao

Polycrystalline samples of double perovskites Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) were synthesized by solid state reactions. They adopt the cubic double perovskite structures (space group, Fm-3m) with ordered B and Os arrangements. Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) show antiferromagnetic transitions at 93 K, 69 K, and 28 K, respectively. The Weiss-temperatures are −590 K for Ba{sub 2}ScOsO{sub 6}, −571 K for Ba{sub 2}YOsO{sub 6}, and −155 K for Ba{sub 2}InOsO{sub 6}. Sc{sup 3+} and Y{sup 3+} have the open-shell d{sup 0} electronic configuration, while In{sup 3+} has the closed-shell d{sup 10}. This indicates that a d{sup 0} B-typemore » cation induces stronger overall magnetic exchange interactions in comparison to a d{sup 10}. Comparison of Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) to their Sr and Ca analogues shows that the structural distortions weaken the overall magnetic exchange interactions. - Graphical abstract: Magnetic properties of osmium double perovskites Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) were studied. Comparison of Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6}indicates that a d{sup 0} B-type cation induces stronger overall magnetic exchange interactions in comparison to a d{sup 10}. - Highlights: • Magnetic properties of double perovskites Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) were studied. • A d{sup 0}B-type cation induces stronger magnetic interactions than a d{sup 10}. • Structural distortions weaken the overall Os{sup 5+}-Os{sup 5+} magnetic interactions.« less

Programmable diagnostic devices made from paper and tape.

PubMed

Martinez, Andres W; Phillips, Scott T; Nie, Zhihong; Cheng, Chao-Min; Carrilho, Emanuel; Wiley, Benjamin J; Whitesides, George M

2010-10-07

This paper describes three-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (3-D microPADs) that can be programmed (postfabrication) by the user to generate multiple patterns of flow through them. These devices are programmed by pressing single-use 'on' buttons, using a stylus or a ballpoint pen. Pressing a button closes a small space (gap) between two vertically aligned microfluidic channels, and allows fluids to wick from one channel to the other. These devices are simple to fabricate, and are made entirely out of paper and double-sided adhesive tape. Programmable devices expand the capabilities of microPADs and provide a simple method for controlling the movement of fluids in paper-based channels. They are the conceptual equivalent of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) widely used in electronics.

A single-sided representation for the homogeneous Green's function of a unified scalar wave equation.

PubMed

Wapenaar, Kees

2017-06-01

A unified scalar wave equation is formulated, which covers three-dimensional (3D) acoustic waves, 2D horizontally-polarised shear waves, 2D transverse-electric EM waves, 2D transverse-magnetic EM waves, 3D quantum-mechanical waves and 2D flexural waves. The homogeneous Green's function of this wave equation is a combination of the causal Green's function and its time-reversal, such that their singularities at the source position cancel each other. A classical representation expresses this homogeneous Green's function as a closed boundary integral. This representation finds applications in holographic imaging, time-reversed wave propagation and Green's function retrieval by cross correlation. The main drawback of the classical representation in those applications is that it requires access to a closed boundary around the medium of interest, whereas in many practical situations the medium can be accessed from one side only. Therefore, a single-sided representation is derived for the homogeneous Green's function of the unified scalar wave equation. Like the classical representation, this single-sided representation fully accounts for multiple scattering. The single-sided representation has the same applications as the classical representation, but unlike the classical representation it is applicable in situations where the medium of interest is accessible from one side only.

48 CFR 52.204-4 - Printed or Copied Double-Sided on Recycled Paper.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Printed or Copied Double-Sided on Recycled Paper. 52.204-4 Section 52.204-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... and paper products, postconsumer material means “postconsumer fiber” defined by the U.S. Environmental...

48 CFR 52.204-4 - Printed or Copied Double-Sided on Postconsumer Fiber Content Paper.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Printed or Copied Double-Sided on Postconsumer Fiber Content Paper. 52.204-4 Section 52.204-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT...

Double anisotropic electrically conductive flexible Janus-typed membranes.

PubMed

Li, Xiaobing; Ma, Qianli; Tian, Jiao; Xi, Xue; Li, Dan; Dong, Xiangting; Yu, Wensheng; Wang, Xinlu; Wang, Jinxian; Liu, Guixia

2017-12-07

Novel type III anisotropic conductive films (ACFs), namely flexible Janus-typed membranes, were proposed, designed and fabricated for the first time. Flexible Janus-typed membranes composed of ordered Janus nanobelts were constructed by electrospinning, which simultaneously possess fluorescence and double electrically conductive anisotropy. For the fabrication of the Janus-typed membrane, Janus nanobelts comprising a conductive side and an insulative-fluorescent side were primarily fabricated, and then the Janus nanobelts are arranged into parallel arrays using an aluminum rotary drum as the collector to obtain a single anisotropically conductive film. Subsequently, a secondary electrospinning process was applied to the as-prepared single anisotropically conductive films to acquire the final Janus-typed membrane. For this Janus-typed membrane, namely its left-to-right structure, anisotropic electrical conduction synchronously exists on both sides, and furthermore, the two electrically conductive directions are perpendicular. By modulating the amount of Eu(BA) 3 phen complex and conducting polyaniline (PANI), the characteristics and intensity of the fluorescence-electricity dual-function in the membrane can be tuned. The high integration of this peculiar Janus-typed membrane with simultaneous double electrically conductive anisotropy-fluorescent dual-functionality is successfully realized in this study. This design philosophy and preparative technique will provide support for the design and construction of new types of special nanostructures with multi-functionality.

Acoustic Performance of 3D Printed Nanocomposite Earmuff

PubMed Central

Ahmadi, Saeid; Nassiri, Parvin; Ghasemi, Ismaeil; Monazzam Ep, Mohammad R.

2016-01-01

Introduction: Hearing protection devices are one of the primary noise reduction tools in developing countries. This study is intended to produce and apply acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/clay nanocomposites to fabricate a laboratory single cup earmuffs and then compare it with double cup and single cup pure ABS earmuffs in terms of noise attenuation performance and comfort. In addition, the noise attenuation performance of single cup pure ABS earmuffs is compared with double cup pure ABS earmuffs. Methods: ABS/nanoclay filament was fabricated using a twin screw extruder. A three dimensional (3D) printing machine and a 3D model of earcup, designed by solid work software, were applied to print single and double cup earmuffs using ABS/nanoclay composite and pure ABS filaments. Finally, using an acoustic test fixture, objective noise attenuation test was performed on three different types of earmuffs, including with and without nano material and a secondary cup. Moreover, earmuffs weight was measured as a comfort component. Results: Insertion loss and calculated noise reduction rating (NRR) of single cup ABS/nanoclay earmuffs (NRR=19.4 dB) and double cup pure ABS earmuffs (NRR=18.93 dB) were improved in comparison with single cup pure ABS earmuffs (NRR=15.7 dB). Additionally, both single cup earmuffs were significantly lighter than double cup earmuffs. Although single cup nano and double cup earmuffs had nearly the same attenuation performance, single cup nano earmuffs were 74 gr lighter than double cup earmuffs, so with reference to comfort, single cup nano earmuffs will probably be more acceptable. Conclusions: From this survey it might be concluded that, even though single cup ABS/nanoclay earmuffs was lighter than double cup pure ABS earmuffs, it had approximately more attenuation performance in comparison with double cup pure ABS earmuffs. Consequently, users are probably more prone to wear light- weight single cup ABS/nanoclay earmuffs as a result of improved comfort. In short, ABS/nanoclay composite can be considered a good choice in products with the necessity of high acoustic performance and low weight. PMID:26234977

Double-coronal X-Ray and Microwave Sources Associated with a Magnetic Breakout Solar Eruption

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Yao; Wu, Zhao; Zhao, Di

Double-coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources are believed to be critical observational evidence of bi-directional energy release through magnetic reconnection in large-scale current sheets in solar flares. Here, we present a study on double-coronal sources observed in both HXR and microwave regimes, revealing new characteristics distinct from earlier reports. This event is associated with a footpoint-occulted X1.3-class flare (2014 April 25, starting at 00:17 UT) and a coronal mass ejection that were likely triggered by the magnetic breakout process, with the lower source extending upward from the top of the partially occulted flare loops and the upper source co-incident with rapidlymore » squeezing-in side lobes (at a speed of ∼250 km s{sup −1} on both sides). The upper source can be identified at energies as high as 70–100 keV. The X-ray upper source is characterized by flux curves that differ from those of the lower source, a weak energy dependence of projected centroid altitude above 20 keV, a shorter duration, and an HXR photon spectrum slightly harder than those of the lower source. In addition, the microwave emission at 34 GHz also exhibits a similar double-source structure and the microwave spectra at both sources are in line with gyrosynchrotron emission given by non-thermal energetic electrons. These observations, especially the co-incidence of the very-fast squeezing-in motion of side lobes and the upper source, indicate that the upper source is associated with (and possibly caused by) this fast motion of arcades. This sheds new light on the origin of the corona double-source structure observed in both HXRs and microwaves.« less

Thickness and Lower Limit Seismogenic Layer within the Crust beneath Japanese Islands on the Japan Sea Side

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsubara, M.; Sato, H.

2015-12-01

1. Introduction I investigate the depth of the seismogenic layer in order to estimate the lower limit of the seismogenic fault plane since this depth is related to the size of the earthquake caused by the active fault. I have indexes D10 and D90 as the upper and lower limits of the seismogenic layer defined as the depth above which 10 % and 90 % of the whole crustal earthquakes occurred from the surface, respectively. The difference between the D10 and D90 is the thickness of the seismogenic layer. 2. Data and method The NIED Hi-net has a catalog of hypocenters determined with one-dimensional　velocity (1D) structure (Ukawa et al., 1984) and I estimated the D10 and D90 with this catalog at first. I construct the system to relocate the hypocenters from 2001 to 2013 with magnitude greater than 1.5 on the Japan Sea side shallower than 50 km depth with the three-dimensional velocity (3D) structure (Matsubara and Obara, 2011) obtained by seismic tomography. I estimate the D10 and D90 from the hypocenter catalog with 3D structure. 3. Result Many earthquakes shallower than 5 km with 1D structure are relocated to deeper with 3D structure and the earthquakes deeper than 15 km are relocated to about 5 km shallower. With 3D structure D10 deepens and D90 shallows from 1D structure. D90 beneath the northern Honshu is deeper than the other area and D90 beneath the Japan Sea is much deeper than the inland area. The thickness of the seismogenic layer beneath the Japan Sea is also thick from 8-16 km. D90 on the Japan Sea side of the southwestern Japan on the west side of the Itoigawa Shizuoka Tectonic Line is very shallow as 11-16 km and the thickness of the seismogenic layer is also thin as 2-7 km. 4. Discussion Omuralieva et al. (2012) relocated the JMA unified hypocenters with 3D structure and estimated shallower D90 than that from the JMA catalog. Very deep D90 beneath the northern Hokkaido and northern Honshu is consistent with our result. 5. Conclusion Using 3D velocity structure D10 deepens, D90 shallows, and the thickness of the seismogenic layer becomes thinner. The thickness of the seismogenic layer is thick beneath the northern Honshu, however, that is very thin beneath southwestern Japan on the Japan Sea side.

Simultaneous double-rod rotation technique in posterior instrumentation surgery for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Ito, Manabu; Abumi, Kuniyoshi; Kotani, Yoshihisa; Takahata, Masahiko; Sudo, Hideki; Hojo, Yoshihiro; Minami, Akio

2010-03-01

The authors present a new posterior correction technique consisting of simultaneous double-rod rotation using 2 contoured rods and polyaxial pedicle screws with or without Nesplon tapes. The purpose of this study is to introduce the basic principles and surgical procedures of this new posterior surgery for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Through gradual rotation of the concave-side rod by 2 rod holders, the convex-side rod simultaneously rotates with the the concave-side rod. This procedure does not involve any force pushing down the spinal column around the apex. Since this procedure consists of upward pushing and lateral translation of the spinal column with simultaneous double-rod rotation maneuvers, it is simple and can obtain thoracic kyphosis as well as favorable scoliosis correction. This technique is applicable not only to a thoracic single curve but also to double major curves in cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

A Double-Sided Linear Primary Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to present a new double-sided linear primary permanent magnet (PM) vernier (DSLPPMV) machine, which can offer high thrust force, low detent force, and improved power factor. Both PMs and windings of the proposed machine are on the short translator, while the long stator is designed as a double-sided simple iron core with salient teeth so that it is very robust to transmit high thrust force. The key of this new machine is the introduction of double stator and the elimination of translator yoke, so that the inductance and the volume of the machine can be reduced. Hence, the proposed machine offers improved power factor and thrust force density. The electromagnetic performances of the proposed machine are analyzed including flux, no-load EMF, thrust force density, and inductance. Based on using the finite element analysis, the characteristics and performances of the proposed machine are assessed. PMID:25874250

A double-sided linear primary permanent magnet vernier machine.

PubMed

Du, Yi; Zou, Chunhua; Liu, Xianxing

2015-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to present a new double-sided linear primary permanent magnet (PM) vernier (DSLPPMV) machine, which can offer high thrust force, low detent force, and improved power factor. Both PMs and windings of the proposed machine are on the short translator, while the long stator is designed as a double-sided simple iron core with salient teeth so that it is very robust to transmit high thrust force. The key of this new machine is the introduction of double stator and the elimination of translator yoke, so that the inductance and the volume of the machine can be reduced. Hence, the proposed machine offers improved power factor and thrust force density. The electromagnetic performances of the proposed machine are analyzed including flux, no-load EMF, thrust force density, and inductance. Based on using the finite element analysis, the characteristics and performances of the proposed machine are assessed.

A 3D Model of Double-Helical DNA Showing Variable Chemical Details

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cady, Susan G.

2005-01-01

Since the first DNA model was created approximately 50 years ago using molecular models, students and teachers have been building simplified DNA models from various practical materials. A 3D double-helical DNA model, made by placing beads on a wire and stringing beads through holes in plastic canvas, is described. Suggestions are given to enhance…

A 3D-DNA Molecule Made of PlayMais

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caine, Massimo; Horié, Ninon; Zuchuat, Sandrine; Weber, Aurélia; Ducret, Verena; Linder, Patrick; Perron, Karl

2015-01-01

More than 60 years have passed since the work of Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick led to the discovery of the 3D-DNA double-helix structure. Nowadays, due to the simple and elegant architecture of its double helix, the structure of DNA is widely known. The biological role of the DNA molecule (e.g., genetic information), however,…

Computation of a spectrum from a single-beam fourier-transform infrared interferogram.

PubMed

Ben-David, Avishai; Ifarraguerri, Agustin

2002-02-20

A new high-accuracy method has been developed to transform asymmetric single-sided interferograms into spectra. We used a fraction (short, double-sided) of the recorded interferogram and applied an iterative correction to the complete recorded interferogram for the linear part of the phase induced by the various optical elements. Iterative phase correction enhanced the symmetry in the recorded interferogram. We constructed a symmetric double-sided interferogram and followed the Mertz procedure [Infrared Phys. 7,17 (1967)] but with symmetric apodization windows and with a nonlinear phase correction deduced from this double-sided interferogram. In comparing the solution spectrum with the source spectrum we applied the Rayleigh resolution criterion with a Gaussian instrument line shape. The accuracy of the solution is excellent, ranging from better than 0.1% for a blackbody spectrum to a few percent for a complicated atmospheric radiance spectrum.

Investigation of the novel attributes in double recessed gate SiC MESFETs at drain side

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orouji, Ali A.; Razavi, S. M.; Ebrahim Hosseini, Seyed; Amini Moghadam, Hamid

2011-11-01

In this paper, the potential impact of drain side-double recessed gate (DS-DRG) on silicon carbide (SiC)-based metal semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) is studied. We investigate the device performance focusing on breakdown voltage, threshold voltage, drain current and dc output conductance with two-dimensional and two-carrier device simulation. Our simulation results demonstrate that the channel thickness under the gate in the drain side is an important factor in the breakdown voltage. Also, the positive shift in the threshold voltage for the DS-DRG structure is larger in comparison with that for the source side-double recessed gate (SS-DRG) SiC MESFET. The saturated drain current for the DS-DRG structure is larger compared to that for the SS-DRG structure. The maximum dc output conductance in the DS-DRG structure is smaller than that in the SS-DRG structure.

Double Sided-Design of Electrodes Driving Tunable Dielectrophoretic Miniature Lens.

PubMed

Almoallem, Yousuf; Jiang, Hongrui

2017-10-01

We demonstrate the design methodology, geometrical analysis, device fabrication, and testing of a double-sided design (DSD) of tunable-focus dielectrophoretic liquid miniature lenses. This design is intended to reduce the driving voltage for tuning the lens, utilizing a double-sided electrode design that enhances the electric field magnitude. Fabricated devices were tested and measurements on a goniometer showed changes of up to 14° in the contact angle when the dielectrophoretic force was applied under 25 V rms . Correspondingly, the back focal length of the liquid lens changed from 67.1 mm to 14.4 mm when the driving voltage was increased from zero to 25 V rms . The driving voltage was significantly lower than those previously reported with similar device dimensions using single-sided electrode designs. This design allows for a range of both positive and negative menisci dependent on the volume of the lens liquid initially dispensed.

Efficacy of pneumococcal nontypable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in young Latin American children: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Tregnaghi, Miguel W; Sáez-Llorens, Xavier; López, Pio; Abate, Hector; Smith, Enrique; Pósleman, Adriana; Calvo, Arlene; Wong, Digna; Cortes-Barbosa, Carlos; Ceballos, Ana; Tregnaghi, Marcelo; Sierra, Alexandra; Rodriguez, Mirna; Troitiño, Marisol; Carabajal, Carlos; Falaschi, Andrea; Leandro, Ana; Castrejón, Maria Mercedes; Lepetic, Alejandro; Lommel, Patricia; Hausdorff, William P; Borys, Dorota; Ruiz Guiñazú, Javier; Ortega-Barría, Eduardo; Yarzábal, Juan P; Schuerman, Lode

2014-06-01

The relationship between pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-induced antibody responses and protection against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute otitis media (AOM) is unclear. This study assessed the impact of the ten-valent pneumococcal nontypable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) on these end points. The primary objective was to demonstrate vaccine efficacy (VE) in a per-protocol analysis against likely bacterial CAP (B-CAP: radiologically confirmed CAP with alveolar consolidation/pleural effusion on chest X-ray, or non-alveolar infiltrates and C-reactive protein ≥ 40 µg/ml); other protocol-specified outcomes were also assessed. This phase III double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted between 28 June 2007 and 28 July 2011 in Argentine, Panamanian, and Colombian populations with good access to health care. Approximately 24,000 infants received PHiD-CV or hepatitis control vaccine (hepatitis B for primary vaccination, hepatitis A at booster) at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 mo of age. Interim analysis of the primary end point was planned when 535 first B-CAP episodes, occurring ≥2 wk after dose 3, were identified in the per-protocol cohort. After a mean follow-up of 23 mo (PHiD-CV, n = 10,295; control, n = 10,201), per-protocol VE was 22.0% (95% CI: 7.7, 34.2; one-sided p = 0.002) against B-CAP (conclusive for primary objective) and 25.7% (95% CI: 8.4%, 39.6%) against World Health Organization-defined consolidated CAP. Intent-to-treat VE was 18.2% (95% CI: 5.5%, 29.1%) against B-CAP and 23.4% (95% CI: 8.8%, 35.7%) against consolidated CAP. End-of-study per-protocol analyses were performed after a mean follow-up of 28-30 mo for CAP and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (PHiD-CV, n = 10,211; control, n = 10,140) and AOM (n = 3,010 and 2,979, respectively). Per-protocol VE was 16.1% (95% CI: -1.1%, 30.4%; one-sided p = 0.032) against clinically confirmed AOM, 67.1% (95% CI: 17.0%, 86.9%) against vaccine serotype clinically confirmed AOM, 100% (95% CI: 74.3%, 100%) against vaccine serotype IPD, and 65.0% (95% CI: 11.1%, 86.2%) against any IPD. Results were consistent between intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. Serious adverse events were reported for 21.5% (95% CI: 20.7%, 22.2%) and 22.6% (95% CI: 21.9%, 23.4%) of PHiD-CV and control recipients, respectively. There were 19 deaths (n = 11,798; 0.16%) in the PHiD-CV group and 26 deaths (n = 11,799; 0.22%) in the control group. A significant study limitation was the lower than expected number of captured AOM cases. Efficacy was demonstrated against a broad range of pneumococcal diseases commonly encountered in young children in clinical practice. www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00466947.

The DarkSide Experiment: Present Status and Future

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zuzel, G.; Agnes, P.; Albuquerque, I. F. M.; Alexander, T.; Alton, A. K.; Asner, D. M.; Back, H. O.; Baldin, B.; Biery, K.; Bocci, V.; Bonfini, G.; Bonivento, W.; Bossa, M.; Bottino, B.; Brigatti, A.; Brodsky, J.; Budano, F.; Bussino, S.; Cadeddu, M.; Cadonati, L.; Cadoni, M.; Calaprice, F.; Canci, N.; Candela, A.; Caravati, M.; Cariello, M.; Carlini, M.; Catalanotti, S.; Cavalcante, P.; Chepurnov, A.; Cicalò, C.; Cocco, A. G.; Covone, G.; D'Angelo, D.; D'Incecco, M.; Davini, S.; De Cecco, S.; De Deo, M.; De Vincenzi, M.; Derbin, A.; Devoto, A.; Di Eusanio, F.; Di Pietro, G.; Dionisi, C.; Edkins, E.; Empl, A.; Fan, A.; Fiorillo, G.; Fomenko, K.; Forster, G.; Franco, D.; Gabriele, F.; Galbiati, C.; Giagu, S.; Giganti, C.; Giovanetti, G. K.; Goretti, A. M.; Granato, F.; Grandi, L.; Gromov, M.; Guan, M.; Guardincerri, Y.; Hackett, B. R.; Herner, K.; Hughes, D.; Humble, P.; Hungerford, E. V.; Ianni, Al.; Ianni, An.; James, I.; Johnson, T. N.; Jollet, C.; Keeter, K.; Kendziora, C. L.; Koh, G.; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Kubankin, A.; Li, X.; Lissia, M.; Loer, B.; Lombardi, P.; Longo, G.; Ma, Y.; Machulin, I. N.; Mandarano, A.; Mari, S. M.; Maricic, J.; Marini, L.; Martoff, C. J.; Meregaglia, A.; Meyers, P. D.; Milincic, R.; Miller, J. D.; Montanari, D.; Monte, A.; Mount, B. J.; Muratova, V. N.; Musico, P.; Napolitano, J.; Navrer Agasson, A.; Odrowski, S.; Orsini, M.; Ortica, F.; Pagani, L.; Pallavicini, M.; Pantic, E.; Parmeggiano, S.; Pelczar, K.; Pelliccia, N.; Pocar, A.; Pordes, S.; Pugachev, D. A.; Qian, H.; Randle, K.; Ranucci, G.; Razeti, M.; Razeto, A.; Reinhold, B.; Renshaw, A. L.; Rescigno, M.; Riffard, Q.; Romani, A.; Rossi, B.; Rossi, N.; Rountree, D.; Sablone, D.; Saggese, P.; Saldanha, R.; Sands, W.; Savarese, C.; Schlitzer, B.; Segreto, E.; Semenov, D. A.; Shields, E.; Singh, P. N.; Skorokhvatov, M. D.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Stanford, C.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Tatarowicz, J.; Testera, G.; Tonazzo, A.; Trinchese, P.; Unzhakov, E. V.; Verducci, M.; Vishneva, A.; Vogelaar, B.; Wada, M.; Walker, S.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Watson, A. W.; Westerdale, S.; Wilhelmi, J.; Wojcik, M. M.; Xiang, Xi.; Xiao, X.; Xu, J.; Yang, C.; Zec, A.; Zhong, W.; Zhu, C.

2017-01-01

DarkSide is a multi-stage program devoted to direct searches of Dark Matter particles with detectors based on double phase liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber. The DarkSide-50 setup is running underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. First it was operated with Atmospheric Argon and during that run (1422 ± 67) kg×d of truly background-free exposure has been accumulated. Obtained data made it possible to set a 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.1 × 10-44 cm2 (for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2). Presently the detector is filled with Underground Argon, which is depleted in 39Ar by a factor of (1.4 ± 0.2)×103 with respect to Atmospheric Argon. Acquired so far (2616 ± 43) kg×d (71 live days) in combination with the data from the Atmospheric Argon run give us the 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 2.0×10-44 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2. Up to date this is the best limit obtained with an argon target.

Double counting in the density functional plus dynamical mean-field theory of transition metal oxides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dang, Hung

2015-03-01

Recently, the combination of density functional theory (DFT) and dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) has become a widely-used beyond-mean-field approach for strongly correlated materials. However, not only is the correlation treated in DMFT but also in DFT to some extent, a problem arises as the correlation is counted twice in the DFT+DMFT framework. The correction for this problem is still not well-understood. To gain more understanding of this ``double counting'' problem, I provide a detailed study of the metal-insulator transition in transition metal oxides in the subspace of oxygen p and transition metal correlated d orbitals using DFT+DMFT. I will show that the fully charge self-consistent DFT+DMFT calculations with the standard ``fully-localized limit'' (FLL) double counting correction fail to predict correctly materials such as LaTiO3, LaVO3, YTiO3 and SrMnO3 as insulators. Investigations in a wide range of the p- d splitting, the d occupancy, the lattice structure and the double counting correction itself will be presented to understand the reason behind this failure. I will also show that if the double counting correction is chosen to reproduce the p- d splitting consistent with experimental data, the DFT+DMFT approach can still give reasonable results in comparison with experiments.

A double-blind trial of ethamsylate in the treatment of primary and intrauterine-device menorrhagia.

PubMed

Harrison, R F; Cambell, S

1976-08-07

22 patients complaining of primary menorrhagia or menorrhagia associated with an intrauterine device (I.U.C.D.) were studied in a double blind trial with crossover of ethamsylate and placebo. Acutal menstrual blood-losses were calculated from the iron content of used sanitary material during one pre-trail menstrual period and four trial menstrual periods, during which patients received ethamsylate ("Dicynene") treatment during two menstrual cycles and placebo during two cycles. During ethamsylate treatment the mean menstrual blood-loss was reduced by 50% in patients with primary menorrhagia and by 19% in patients with an I.U.C.D. This difference between the two groups is probably accounted for by the differing values of initial blood-loss which was significantly higher in the group with primary menorrhagia. Tampon usage and the duration of bleeding were not significantly altered by ethamsylate treatment. Reported side-effects, which were not serious, were equally common during ethamsylate and placebo treatment.

Fatigue Failure in Extra-Articular Proximal Tibia Fractures: Locking Intramedullary Nail Versus Double Locking Plates-A Biomechanical Study.

PubMed

Kandemir, Utku; Herfat, Safa; Herzog, Mary; Viscogliosi, Paul; Pekmezci, Murat

2017-02-01

The goal of this study is to compare the fatigue strength of a locking intramedullary nail (LN) construct with a double locking plate (DLP) construct in comminuted proximal extra-articular tibia fractures. Eight pairs of fresh frozen cadaveric tibias with low bone mineral density [age: 80 ± 7 (SD) years, T-score: -2.3 ± 1.2] were used. One tibia from each pair was fixed with LN, whereas the contralateral side was fixed with DLP for complex extra-articular multifragmentary metaphyseal fractures (simulating OTA 41-A3.3). Specimens were cyclically loaded under compression simulating single-leg stance by staircase method out to 260,000 cycles. Every 2500 cycles, localized gap displacements were measured with a 3D motion tracking system, and x-ray images of the proximal tibia were acquired. To allow for mechanical settling, initial metrics were calculated at 2500 cycles. The 2 groups were compared regarding initial construct stiffness, initial medial and lateral gap displacements, stiffness at 30,000 cycles, medial and lateral gap displacements at 30,000 cycles, failure load, number of cycles to failure, and failure mode. Failure metrics were reported for initial and catastrophic failures. DLP constructs exhibited higher initial stiffness and stiffness at 30,000 cycles compared with LN constructs (P < 0.03). There were no significant differences between groups for loads at failure or cycles to failure. For the fixation of extra-articular proximal tibia fractures, a LN provides a similar fatigue performance to double locked plates. The locked nail could be safely used for fixation of proximal tibia fractures with the advantage of limited extramedullary soft tissue damage.

Comparison of dexpanthenol and zinc oxide ointment with ointment base in the treatment of irritant diaper dermatitis from diarrhea: a multicenter study.

PubMed

Wananukul, Siriwan; Limpongsanuruk, Wanida; Singalavanija, Srisupalak; Wisuthsarewong, Wanee

2006-10-01

Severity of irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD) from diarrhea varies from patient to patient depending on the nature of feces and the number of bowel movements. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of dexpanthenol and zinc oxide ointment with ointment base in the treatment of irritant diaper dermatitis from acute diarrhea in children by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Forty-six children with diarrhea were prospectively, block randomized, investigator-blinded to receive dexpanthenol and zinc oxide ointment on one side and ointment base on the other side. TEWL was measured before and on days 1, 3, and 7 of treatment together with the assessment of severity score. The efficacy of treatment was defined by complete clearance of the lesion. TEWL in the treated and control side was not different before the application of the topical medication. In the present study, the efficacy of 5% dexpanthenol and zinc oxide ointment on D3 was 39% (18from 46 patients) compared to 32% in the ointment base side. On D7, the efficacy of the treated side was 58.7% and the ointment base side was 56%. The patients who still had skin lesions were those who had prolonged diarrhea. On the treated side, the mean of TEWL was lower than the control side on DI (p = 0.18) and had significant improvement on D3 (p = 0. 002). At the end of the present study, TEWL on the treated side was less than TEWL of the control side but it did not have statistical significance (p = 0.07). There was no rash or sign of abnormality on the treated side at the end of D7. In the treatment of lDD from acute diarrhea, 5% dexpanthenol and zinc oxide ointment significantly decreased TEWL in the treated side more than the ointment base on day 3 but the severity score was not significantly different on days 1, 3 and 7.

Characteristics of mutants designed to incorporate a new ion pair into the structure of a cold adapted subtilisin-like serine proteinase.

PubMed

Sigurdardóttir, Anna Gudný; Arnórsdóttir, Jóhanna; Thorbjarnardóttir, Sigrídur H; Eggertsson, Gudmundur; Suhre, Karsten; Kristjánsson, Magnús M

2009-03-01

Structural comparisons of VPR, a subtilisin-like serine proteinase from a psychrotrophic Vibrio species and a thermophilic homologue, aqualysin I, have led us to hypothesize about the roles of different residues in the temperature adaptation of the enzymes. Some of these hypotheses are now being examined by analysis of mutants of the enzymes. The selected substitutions are believed to increase the stability of the cold adapted enzyme based on structural analysis of the thermostable structure. We report here on mutants, which were designed to incorporate an ion pair into the structure of VPR. The residues Asp17 and Arg259 are assumed to form an ion pair in aqualysin I. The cold adapted VPR contains Asn (Asn15) and Lys (Lys257) at corresponding sites in its structure. In VPR, Asn 15 is located on a surface loop with its side group pointing towards the side chain of Lys257. By substituting Asn15 by Asp (N15D) it was considered feasible that a salt bridge would form between the oppositely charged groups. To mimic further the putative salt bridge from the thermophile enzyme the corresponding double mutant (N15D/K257R) was also produced. The N15D mutation increased the thermal stability of VPR by approximately 3 degrees C, both in T(50%) and T(m). Addition of the K257R mutation did not however, increase the stability of the double mutant any further. Despite this stabilization of the VPR mutants the catalytic activity (k(cat)) against the substrate Suc-AAPF-NH-Np was increased in the mutants. Molecular dynamics simulations on wild type and the two mutant proteins suggested that indeed a salt bridge was formed in both cases. Furthermore, a truncated form of the N15D mutant (N15DDeltaC) was produced, lacking a 15 residue long C-terminal extended sequence not present in the thermophilic enzyme. In wild type VPR this supposedly moveable, negatively charged arm on the protein molecule might interfere with the new salt bridge introduced as a result of the N15D mutation. Removal of the C-terminal arm improved the thermal stability (T(m) approximately +1.5 degrees C) of the truncated enzyme (VPRDeltaC) as compared to the wild type VPR. Introduction of the N15D substitution into VPRDeltaC improved the thermal stability further by about 3 degrees C, or to about the same extent as in the wild type. However, contrary to what was observed for the wild type, the introduction of the putative salt bridge did not affect the catalytic properties (k(cat)) of the C-terminal truncated enzyme.

Novel lead(II) carboxylate-arsonate hybrids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yi Feiyan; Song Junling; Zhao Na

2008-06-15

Hydrothermal reactions of lead(II) acetate with phenylarsonic acid (H{sub 2}L{sup 1}) (or 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonic acid, H{sub 3}L{sup 2}) and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaH{sub 2}SIP) (or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H{sub 3}BTC)) as the second metal linkers afforded three novel mixed-ligand lead(II) carboxylate-arsonates, namely, Pb{sub 5}(SIP){sub 2}(L{sup 1}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) 1, Pb{sub 3}(SIP)(L{sup 2})(H{sub 2}O) 2 and Pb(H{sub 2}L{sup 2})(H{sub 2}BTC) 3. The structure of 1 features a complicated 3D network composed of 2D double layers of lead(II) sulfoisophthalate bridged by 1D chains of lead(II) arsonates along b-axis, forming large tunnels along b-axis which are occupied by phenyl rings of the arsonate ligands.more » In 2, the Pb(II) ions are bridged by {l_brace}L{sup 2}{r_brace}{sup 3-} anions into a 2D double layer whereas the interconnection of the Pb(II) ions via bridging and chelating SIP anions gave a 2D double layer. The cross-linkage of the above two building units leads to a complicated 3D network. In 3, the interconnection of the Pb(II) ions via bridging {l_brace}H{sub 2}L{sup 2}{r_brace}{sup -} and {l_brace}H{sub 2}BTC{r_brace}{sup -} anions leads to a 1D double chain down a-axis. These 1D chains are further interconnected via hydrogen bonds among non-coordination carboxylate groups and arsonate oxygens into a 3D supramolecular architecture. - Graphical abstract: Three novel mixed-ligand lead(II) carboxylate-arsonates, namely, Pb{sub 5}(SIP){sub 2}(L{sup 1}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) 1, Pb{sub 3}(SIP)(L{sup 2})(H{sub 2}O) 2 and Pb(H{sub 2}L{sup 2})(H{sub 2}BTC) 3 have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Compounds 1 and 2 feature complicated 3D network structures whereas compound 3 features 1D lead(II) carboxylate-arsonate chains that are further interlinked by strong hydrogen bonds into a 3D supramolecular assembly.« less

48 CFR 4.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... MATTERS Paper Documents 4.302 Policy. (a) Section 3(a) of E.O. 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management, directs agencies to implement waste prevention. In addition... agencies to eliminate waste. Electronic commerce methods (see 4.502) and double-sided printing and copying...

48 CFR 4.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MATTERS Paper Documents 4.302 Policy. (a) Section 3(a) of E.O. 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management, directs agencies to implement waste prevention. In addition... agencies to eliminate waste. Electronic commerce methods (see 4.502) and double-sided printing and copying...

48 CFR 4.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... MATTERS Paper Documents 4.302 Policy. (a) Section 3(a) of E.O. 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management, directs agencies to implement waste prevention. In addition... agencies to eliminate waste. Electronic commerce methods (see 4.502) and double-sided printing and copying...

48 CFR 4.302 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... MATTERS Paper Documents 4.302 Policy. (a) Section 3(a) of E.O. 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management, directs agencies to implement waste prevention. In addition... agencies to eliminate waste. Electronic commerce methods (see 4.502) and double-sided printing and copying...

A randomised controlled trial of bumetanide in the treatment of autism in children.

PubMed

Lemonnier, E; Degrez, C; Phelep, M; Tyzio, R; Josse, F; Grandgeorge, M; Hadjikhani, N; Ben-Ari, Y

2012-12-11

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated synapses and the oscillations they orchestrate are altered in autism. GABA-acting benzodiazepines exert in some patients with autism paradoxical effects, raising the possibility that like in epilepsies, GABA excites neurons because of elevated intracellular concentrations of chloride. Following a successful pilot study,(1) we have now performed a double-blind clinical trial using the diuretic, chloride-importer antagonist bumetanide that reduces intracellular chloride reinforcing GABAergic inhibition. Sixty children with autism or Asperger syndrome (3-11 years old) received for 3 months placebo or bumetanide (1 mg daily), followed by 1-month wash out. Determination of the severity of autism was made with video films at day 0 (D0) and D90 by blind, independent evaluators. Bumetanide reduced significantly the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (D90-D0; P<0.004 treated vs placebo), Clinical Global Impressions (P<0.017 treated vs placebo) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule values when the most severe cases (CARS values above the mean ± s.d.; n=9) were removed (Wilcoxon test: P-value=0.031; Student's t-test: P-value=0.017). Side effects were restricted to an occasional mild hypokalaemia (3.0-3.5 mM l(-1) K(+)) that was treated with supplemental potassium. In a companion study, chronic bumetanide treatment significantly improved accuracy in facial emotional labelling, and increased brain activation in areas involved in social and emotional perception (Hadjikhani et al., submitted). Therefore, bumetanide is a promising novel therapeutic agent to treat autism. Larger trials are warranted to better determine the population best suited for this treatment.

Structural Basis for Bc12-Regulated Mitochondrion-Dependent Apoptosis

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-04-01

groups , double-resonance (’H/15N or 1H/ 31P) probes had square r.f. which have a considerably narrower ’IN chemical shift coils wrapped directly around...bilayers, which provides no res- B E H olution [Fig. 5(D)]. The peak near 35 ppm results from the amino groups of the lysine side-chains and the N...tissue-specific and physiological state-specific sub- 21. Huang Q, Petros AM, Virgin HW, Fesik SW, Olejniczak ET. Proc. units of the Na+, K+-ATPase. The

Oxytetracycline in the treatment of ocular rosacea: a double-blind trial.

PubMed Central

Bartholomew, R S; Reid, B J; Cheesbrough, M J; Macdonald, M; Galloway, N R

1982-01-01

Thirty-five patients with ocular rosacea were admitted to a trial of systemic oxytetracycline, 250 mg b.d. for 6 weeks. Oxytetracycline produced a significantly higher number of remissions than the placebo, 11/35. With repeated or continuous treatment 19/35 patients achieved a sustained remission for 8 months. There were no side effects. The nonspecific signs of ocular rosacea responded well to the treatment, but no permanent change in the conjunctival or corneal vascularisation occurred. PMID:6211188

NMR solution structure of an N2-guanine DNA adduct derived from the potent tumorigen dibenzo[a,l]pyrene: Intercalation from the minor groove with ruptured Watson-Crick base pairing

PubMed Central

Tang, Yijin; Liu, Zhi; Ding, Shuang; Lin, Chin H.; Cai, Yuqin; Rodriguez, Fabian A.; Sayer, Jane M.; Jerina, Donald M.; Amin, Shantu; Broyde, Suse; Geacintov, Nicholas E.

2012-01-01

The most potent tumorigen identified among the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is the non-planar fjord region dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P). It is metabolically activated in vivo through the widely-studied diol epoxide (DE) pathway to form covalent adducts with DNA bases, predominantly guanine and adenine. The (+)-11S,12R,13R,14S DE enantiomer forms adducts via its C14-position with the exocyclic amino group of guanine. Here, we present the first NMR solution structure of a DB[a,l]P-derived adduct, the 14R (+)-trans-anti-DB[a,l]P–N2-dG (DB[a,l]P-dG) lesion in double-stranded DNA. In contrast to the stereochemically identical benzo[a]pyrene-derived N2-dG adduct (B[a]P-dG) in which the B[a]P rings reside in the B-DNA minor groove on the 3’-side of the modifed deoxyguanosine, in the DB[a,l]P-derived adduct the DB[a,l]P rings intercalate into the duplex on the 3’-side of the modified base from the sterically crowded minor groove. Watson-Crick base pairing of the modified guanine with the partner cytosine is broken, but these bases retain some stacking with the bulky DB[a,l]P ring system. This new theme in PAH DE - DNA adduct conformation differs from: (1) the classical intercalation motif where Watson-Crick base-pairing is intact at the lesion site, and (2) the base-displaced intercalation motif in which the damaged base and its partner are extruded from the helix . The structural considerations that lead to the intercalated conformation of the DB[a,l]P-dG lesion in contrast to the minor groove alignment of the B[a]P-dG adduct, and the implications of the DB[a,l]P-dG conformational motif for the recognition of such DNA lesions by the human nucleotide excision repair apparatus, are discussed. PMID:23121427

Nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure of an N(2)-guanine DNA adduct derived from the potent tumorigen dibenzo[a,l]pyrene: intercalation from the minor groove with ruptured Watson-Crick base pairing.

PubMed

Tang, Yijin; Liu, Zhi; Ding, Shuang; Lin, Chin H; Cai, Yuqin; Rodriguez, Fabian A; Sayer, Jane M; Jerina, Donald M; Amin, Shantu; Broyde, Suse; Geacintov, Nicholas E

2012-12-04

The most potent tumorigen identified among the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is the nonplanar fjord region dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P). It is metabolically activated in vivo through the widely studied diol epoxide (DE) pathway to form covalent adducts with DNA bases, predominantly guanine and adenine. The (+)-11S,12R,13R,14S DE enantiomer forms adducts via its C14 position with the exocyclic amino group of guanine. Here, we present the first nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure of a DB[a,l]P-derived adduct, the 14R-(+)-trans-anti-DB[a,l]P-N(2)-dG (DB[a,l]P-dG) lesion in double-stranded DNA. In contrast to the stereochemically identical benzo[a]pyrene-derived N(2)-dG adduct (B[a]P-dG) in which the B[a]P rings reside in the B-DNA minor groove on the 3'-side of the modifed deoxyguanosine, in the DB[a,l]P-derived adduct the DB[a,l]P rings intercalate into the duplex on the 3'-side of the modified base from the sterically crowded minor groove. Watson-Crick base pairing of the modified guanine with the partner cytosine is broken, but these bases retain some stacking with the bulky DB[a,l]P ring system. This new theme in PAH DE-DNA adduct conformation differs from (1) the classical intercalation motif in which Watson-Crick base pairing is intact at the lesion site and (2) the base-displaced intercalation motif in which the damaged base and its partner are extruded from the helix. The structural considerations that lead to the intercalated conformation of the DB[a,l]P-dG lesion in contrast to the minor groove alignment of the B[a]P-dG adduct, and the implications of the DB[a,l]P-dG conformational motif for the recognition of such DNA lesions by the human nucleotide excision repair apparatus, are discussed.

Synchronized vortex shedding and sound radiation from two side-by-side rectangular cylinders of different cross-sectional aspect ratios

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Octavianty, Ressa, E-mail: ressa-octavianty@ed.tmu.ac.jp; Asai, Masahito, E-mail: masai@tmu.ac.jp

Synchronized vortex shedding from two side-by-side cylinders and the associated sound radiation were examined experimentally at Reynolds numbers of the order of 10{sup 4} in low-Mach-number flows. In addition to a pair of square cylinders, a pair of rectangular cylinders, one with a square cross section (d × d) and the other with a rectangular cross section (d × c) having a cross-sectional aspect ratio (c/d) of 1.2–1.5, was considered. The center-to-center distance between the two cylinders L/d was 3.6, 4.5, and 6.0; these settings were within the non-biased flow regime for side-by-side square cylinders. In case of a squaremore » cylinder pair, anti-phase synchronized vortex shedding occurring for L/d = 3.6 and 4.5 generated a quadrupole-like sound source which radiated in-phase, planar-symmetric sound in the far field. Synchronized vortex shedding from the two rectangular cylinders with different c/d also occurred with almost the same frequency as the characteristic frequency of the square-cylinder wake in the case of the small center-to-center distance, L/d = 3.6, for all the cylinder pairs examined. The synchronized sound field was anti-phase and asymmetric in amplitude, unlike the case of a square cylinder pair. For larger spacing L/d = 4.5, synchronized vortex shedding and anti-phase sound still occurred, but only for close cross-sectional aspect ratios (c/d = 1.0 and 1.2), and highly modulated sound was radiated with two different frequencies due to non-synchronized vortex shedding from the two cylinders for larger differences in c/d. It was also found that when synchronized vortex shedding occurred, near-wake velocity fluctuations exhibited high spanwise-coherency, with a very sharp spectral peak compared with the single-cylinder case.« less

Extra-large pore zeolite (ITQ-40) with the lowest framework density containing double four- and double three-rings

PubMed Central

Díaz-Cabañas, M. J.; Jiang, J.; Afeworki, M.; Dorset, D. L.; Soled, S. L.; Strohmaier, K. G.

2010-01-01

The first zeolite structure (ITQ-40) that contains double four (D4) and double three (D3) member ring secondary building units has been synthesized by introducing Ge and NH4F and working in concentrated synthesis gels. It is the first time that D3-Rs have been observed in a zeolite structure. As was previously analyzed [Brunner GO, Meier, WM (1989) Nature 337:146–147], such a structure has a very low framework density (10.1 T/1,000 Å3). Indeed, ITQ-40 has the lowest framework density ever achieved in oxygen-containing zeolites. Furthermore, it contains large pore openings, i.e., 15-member rings parallel to the [001] hexagonal axis and 16-member ring channels perpendicular to this axis. The results presented here push ahead the possibilities of zeolites for uses in electronics, control delivery of drugs and chemicals, as well as for catalysis. PMID:20660773

Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic Cues with Gestalt Rules

PubMed Central

Qiu, Fangtu T.; von der Heydt, Rüdiger

2006-01-01

Figure-ground organization is a process by which the visual system identifies some image regions as foreground and others as background, inferring three-dimensional (3D) layout from 2D displays. A recent study reported that edge responses of neurons in area V2 are selective for side-of-figure, suggesting that figure-ground organization is encoded in the contour signals (border-ownership coding). Here we show that area V2 combines two strategies of computation, one that exploits binocular stereoscopic information for the definition of local depth order, and another that exploits the global configuration of contours (gestalt factors). These are combined in single neurons so that the ‘near’ side of the preferred 3D edge generally coincides with the preferred side-of-figure in 2D displays. Thus, area V2 represents the borders of 2D figures as edges of surfaces, as if the figures were objects in 3D space. Even in 3D displays gestalt factors influence the responses and can enhance or null the stereoscopic depth information. PMID:15996555

Figure and ground in the visual cortex: v2 combines stereoscopic cues with gestalt rules.

PubMed

Qiu, Fangtu T; von der Heydt, Rüdiger

2005-07-07

Figure-ground organization is a process by which the visual system identifies some image regions as foreground and others as background, inferring 3D layout from 2D displays. A recent study reported that edge responses of neurons in area V2 are selective for side-of-figure, suggesting that figure-ground organization is encoded in the contour signals (border ownership coding). Here, we show that area V2 combines two strategies of computation, one that exploits binocular stereoscopic information for the definition of local depth order, and another that exploits the global configuration of contours (Gestalt factors). These are combined in single neurons so that the "near" side of the preferred 3D edge generally coincides with the preferred side-of-figure in 2D displays. Thus, area V2 represents the borders of 2D figures as edges of surfaces, as if the figures were objects in 3D space. Even in 3D displays, Gestalt factors influence the responses and can enhance or null the stereoscopic depth information.

The design of a simulated in-line side-coupled 6 MV linear accelerator waveguide.

PubMed

St Aubin, Joel; Steciw, Stephen; Fallone, B G

2010-02-01

The design of a 3D in-line side-coupled 6 MV linac waveguide for medical use is given, and the effect of the side-coupling and port irises on the radio frequency (RF), beam dynamics, and dosimetric solutions is examined. This work was motivated by our research on a linac-MR hybrid system, where accurate electron trajectory information for a clinical medical waveguide in the presence of an external magnetic field was needed. For this work, the design of the linac waveguide was generated using the finite element method. The design outlined here incorporates the necessary geometric changes needed to incorporate a full-end accelerating cavity with a single-coupling iris, a waveguide-cavity coupling port iris that allows power transfer into the waveguide from the magnetron, as well as a method to control the RF field magnitude within the first half accelerating cavity into which the electrons from the gun are injected. With the full waveguide designed to resonate at 2998.5 +/- 0.1 MHz, a full 3D RF field solution was obtained. The accuracy of the 3D RF field solution was estimated through a comparison of important linac parameters (Q factor, shunt impedance, transit time factor, and resonant frequency) calculated for one accelerating cavity with the benchmarked program SUPERFISH. It was found that the maximum difference between the 3D solution and SUPERFISH was less than 0.03%. The eigenvalue solver, which determines the resonant frequencies of the 3D side-coupled waveguide simulation, was shown to be highly accurate through a comparison with lumped circuit theory. Two different waveguide geometries were examined, one incorporating a 0.5 mm first side cavity shift and another with a 1.5 mm first side cavity shift. The asymmetrically placed side-coupling irises and the port iris for both models were shown to introduce asymmetries in the RF field large enough to cause a peak shift and skewing (center of gravity minus peak shift) of an initially cylindrically uniform electron beam accelerating within the waveguide. The shifting and skewing of the electron beam were found to be greatest due to the effects of the side-coupling irises on the RF field. A further Monte Carlo study showed that this effect translated into a 1% asymmetry in a 40 x 40 cm2 field dose profile. A full 3D design for an in-line side-coupled 6 MV linear accelerator that emulates a common commercial waveguide has been given. The effect of the side coupling on the dose distribution has been shown to create a slight asymmetry, but overall does not affect the clinical applicability of the linac. The 3D in-line side-coupled linac model further provides a tool for the investigation of linac performance within an external magnetic field, which exists in an integrated linac-MR system.

MMS Observations of Large Guide Field Symmetric Reconnection Between Colliding Reconnection Jets at the Center of a Magnetic Flux Rope at the Magnetopause

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oieroset, M.; Phan, T. D.; Haggerty, C.; Shay, M. A.; Eastwood, J. P.; Gershman, D. J.; Drake, J. F.; Fujimoto, M.; Ergun, R. E.; Mozer, F. S.;

Influence of Forced Flow on the Dendritic Growth of Fe-C Alloy: 3D vs 2D Simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Weiling; Wang, Zhaohui; Luo, Sen; Ji, Cheng; Zhu, Miaoyong

2017-12-01

A 3D parallel cellular automaton-finite volume method (CA-FVM) model was used to simulate the equiaxed dendritic growth of an Fe-0.82 wt pct C alloy with xy- in- out and xyz- in- out type forced flows and the columnar dendritic growth with y- in- out type forced flow. In addition, the similarities and differences between the results of the 3D and 2D models are discussed and summarized in detail. The capabilities of the 3D and 2D CA-FVM models to predict the dendritic growth of the alloy with forced flow are validated through comparison with the boundary layer correction and Oseen-Ivanstov models, respectively. Because the forced flow can pass around perpendicular arms of the dendrites, the secondary arms at the sides upstream from the perpendicular arms are more developed than those on the upstream side of the upstream arms, especially at higher inlet velocities. In addition, compared to the xy- in- out case, the growth of the downstream arms is less inhibited and the secondary arms are more developed in the xyz- in- out case because of the greater lateral flow around their tips. Compared to the 3D case, the 2D equiaxed dendrites are more asymmetrical and lack secondary arms because of the thicker solute envelope. In the 3D case, the columnar dendrites on the upstream side (left one) are promoted, while the middle and downstream dendrites are inhibited in sequence. However, the sequential inhibition starts on the upstream side in the 2D case. This is mainly because the melt can pass around the upstream branch in 3D space. However, it can only climb over the upstream tip in 2D space. Additionally, the secondary arms show upstream development, which is more significant with increasing inlet velocity. The level of development of the secondary arms is also affected by the decay of the forced flow in the flow direction.

Effect of Pelvic Tilt and Rotation on Cup Orientation in Both Supine and Standing Positions.

PubMed

Yun, Hohyun; Murphy, William S; Ward, Daniel M; Zheng, Guoyan; Hayden, Brett L; Murphy, Stephen B

2018-05-01

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of pelvic tilt and rotation on radiographic measurement of cup orientation. A total of 68 patients (79 hips) were included in this study. The patients had a computed tomography study and approximately 3 months of postoperative standing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs in both supine and standing positions. We used 2-dimensional (2D)/3-dimensional (3D) matching to measure pelvic tilt and rotation, and cup orientation. There was a wide range of pelvic tilt between individuals in both supine and standing positions. Supine pelvic tilt was different from standing pelvic tilt (P < .05). There were differences in cup anteversion before and after 2D/3D matching in both supine and standing positions (P < .05). Supine and standing pelvic tilt correlated with differences in cup anteversion before and after 2D/3D matching. When all 79 hips were separated into right and left side, pelvic rotation inversely correlated with the pelvic tilt-adjusted difference in anteversion before and after 2D/3D matching of the right side but directly correlated with that of the left side in both supine and standing positions. This study demonstrated that the measurement of cup anteversion on anteroposterior radiographs is significantly affected by both pelvic tilt and pelvic rotation (depending on the side). Improved understanding of pelvic orientation and improved ability to measure pelvic orientation may eventually allow for desired cup positioning to potentially protect against complications associated with malposition of the cup. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Three-dimensional compressional wavespeed model, earthquake relocations, and focal mechanisms for the Parkfield, California, region

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thurber, C.; Zhang, H.; Waldhauser, F.; Hardebeck, J.; Michael, A.; Eberhart-Phillips, D.

2006-01-01

We present a new three-dimensional (3D) compressional vvavespeed (V p) model for the Parkfield region, taking advantage of the recent seismicity associated with the 2003 San Simeon and 2004 Parkfield earthquake sequences to provide increased model resolution compared to the work of Eberhart-Phillips and Michael (1993) (EPM93). Taking the EPM93 3D model as our starting model, we invert the arrival-time data from about 2100 earthquakes and 250 shots recorded on both permanent network and temporary stations in a region 130 km northeast-southwest by 120 km northwest-southeast. We include catalog picks and cross-correlation and catalog differential times in the inversion, using the double-difference tomography method of Zhang and Thurber (2003). The principal Vp features reported by EPM93 and Michelini and McEvilly (1991) are recovered, but with locally improved resolution along the San Andreas Fault (SAF) and near the active-source profiles. We image the previously identified strong wavespeed contrast (faster on the southwest side) across most of the length of the SAF, and we also improve the image of a high Vp body on the northeast side of the fault reported by EPM93. This narrow body is at about 5- to 12-km depth and extends approximately from the locked section of the SAP to the town of Parkfield. The footwall of the thrust fault responsible for the 1983 Coalinga earthquake is imaged as a northeast-dipping high wavespeed body. In between, relatively low wavespeeds (<5 km/sec) extend to as much as 10-km depth. We use this model to derive absolute locations for about 16,000 earthquakes from 1966 to 2005 and high-precision double-difference locations for 9,000 earthquakes from 1984 to 2005, and also to determine focal mechanisms for 446 earthquakes. These earthquake locations and mechanisms show that the seismogenic fault is a simple planar structure. The aftershock sequence of the 2004 mainshock concentrates into the same structures defined by the pre-2004 seismicity, confirming earlier observations (Waldhauser et al., 2004) that the seismicity pattern at Parkfield is long lived and persists through multiple cycles of mainshocks.

Sodium Benzoate, a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor, Added to Clozapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Lin, Chieh-Hsin; Lin, Ching-Hua; Chang, Yue-Cune; Huang, Yu-Jhen; Chen, Po-Wei; Yang, Hui-Ting; Lane, Hsien-Yuan

2017-12-26

Clozapine is the last-line antipsychotic agent for refractory schizophrenia. To date, there is no convincing evidence for augmentation on clozapine. Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, including inhibition of D-amino acid oxidase that may metabolize D-amino acids, has been reported to be beneficial for patients receiving antipsychotics other than clozapine. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of a D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor, sodium benzoate, for schizophrenia patients who had poor response to clozapine. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sixty schizophrenia inpatients that had been stabilized with clozapine were allocated into three groups for 6 weeks' add-on treatment of 1 g/day sodium benzoate, 2 g/day sodium benzoate, or placebo. The primary outcome measures were Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Quality of Life Scale, and Global Assessment of Functioning. Side effects and cognitive functions were also measured. Both doses of sodium benzoate produced better improvement than placebo in the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. The 2 g/day sodium benzoate also produced better improvement than placebo in PANSS-total score, PANSS-positive score, and Quality of Life Scale. Sodium benzoate was well tolerated without evident side effects. The changes of catalase, an antioxidant, were different among the three groups and correlated with the improvement of PANSS-total score and PANSS-positive score in the sodium benzoate group. Sodium benzoate adjuvant therapy improved symptomatology of patients with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the optimal dose and treatment duration as well as the mechanisms of sodium benzoate for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. Copyright © 2017 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Unified double- and single-sided homogeneous Green’s function representations

PubMed Central

van der Neut, Joost; Slob, Evert

2016-01-01

In wave theory, the homogeneous Green’s function consists of the impulse response to a point source, minus its time-reversal. It can be represented by a closed boundary integral. In many practical situations, the closed boundary integral needs to be approximated by an open boundary integral because the medium of interest is often accessible from one side only. The inherent approximations are acceptable as long as the effects of multiple scattering are negligible. However, in case of strongly inhomogeneous media, the effects of multiple scattering can be severe. We derive double- and single-sided homogeneous Green’s function representations. The single-sided representation applies to situations where the medium can be accessed from one side only. It correctly handles multiple scattering. It employs a focusing function instead of the backward propagating Green’s function in the classical (double-sided) representation. When reflection measurements are available at the accessible boundary of the medium, the focusing function can be retrieved from these measurements. Throughout the paper, we use a unified notation which applies to acoustic, quantum-mechanical, electromagnetic and elastodynamic waves. We foresee many interesting applications of the unified single-sided homogeneous Green’s function representation in holographic imaging and inverse scattering, time-reversed wave field propagation and interferometric Green’s function retrieval. PMID:27436983

Unified double- and single-sided homogeneous Green's function representations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wapenaar, Kees; van der Neut, Joost; Slob, Evert

2016-06-01

In wave theory, the homogeneous Green's function consists of the impulse response to a point source, minus its time-reversal. It can be represented by a closed boundary integral. In many practical situations, the closed boundary integral needs to be approximated by an open boundary integral because the medium of interest is often accessible from one side only. The inherent approximations are acceptable as long as the effects of multiple scattering are negligible. However, in case of strongly inhomogeneous media, the effects of multiple scattering can be severe. We derive double- and single-sided homogeneous Green's function representations. The single-sided representation applies to situations where the medium can be accessed from one side only. It correctly handles multiple scattering. It employs a focusing function instead of the backward propagating Green's function in the classical (double-sided) representation. When reflection measurements are available at the accessible boundary of the medium, the focusing function can be retrieved from these measurements. Throughout the paper, we use a unified notation which applies to acoustic, quantum-mechanical, electromagnetic and elastodynamic waves. We foresee many interesting applications of the unified single-sided homogeneous Green's function representation in holographic imaging and inverse scattering, time-reversed wave field propagation and interferometric Green's function retrieval.

Effect of unsaturation on the absorption of ethane and ethylene in imidazolium-based ionic liquids.

PubMed

Moura, Leila; Mishra, Manas; Bernales, Varinia; Fuentealba, Patricio; Padua, Agilio A H; Santini, Catherine C; Costa Gomes, Margarida F

2013-06-20

The influence of the presence of imidazolium side chain unsaturation on the solubility of ethane and ethylene was studied in three ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide-saturated alkyl side-chain in the cation; 1-methyl-3-(buten-3-yl)imidazolium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide-double bond in the side-chain of the cation; and 1-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide-benzyl group in the side-chain of the cation. The solubility of both gases decreases when the side-chain of the cations is functionalized with an unsaturated group. This can be explained by a less favorable enthalpy of solvation. The difference of solubility between ethane and ethylene can be explained from a balance of enthalpic and entropic factors: for the ionic liquid with the saturated alkyl side-chain and the benzyl-substituted side-chain, it is the favorable entropy of solvation that explains the larger ethylene solubility, whereas in the case of the saturated side-chain, it is the more favorable enthalpy of solvation. Molecular simulation allowed the identification of the mechanisms of solvation and the preferential solvation sites for each gas in the different ionic liquids. Simulations have shown that the entropy of solvation is more favorable when the presence of the gas weakens the cation-anion interactions or when the gas can be solvated near different sites of the ionic liquid.

Bessel light sheet structured illumination microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noshirvani Allahabadi, Golchehr

Biomedical study researchers using animals to model disease and treatment need fast, deep, noninvasive, and inexpensive multi-channel imaging methods. Traditional fluorescence microscopy meets those criteria to an extent. Specifically, two-photon and confocal microscopy, the two most commonly used methods, are limited in penetration depth, cost, resolution, and field of view. In addition, two-photon microscopy has limited ability in multi-channel imaging. Light sheet microscopy, a fast developing 3D fluorescence imaging method, offers attractive advantages over traditional two-photon and confocal microscopy. Light sheet microscopy is much more applicable for in vivo 3D time-lapsed imaging, owing to its selective illumination of tissue layer, superior speed, low light exposure, high penetration depth, and low levels of photobleaching. However, standard light sheet microscopy using Gaussian beam excitation has two main disadvantages: 1) the field of view (FOV) of light sheet microscopy is limited by the depth of focus of the Gaussian beam. 2) Light-sheet images can be degraded by scattering, which limits the penetration of the excitation beam and blurs emission images in deep tissue layers. While two-sided sheet illumination, which doubles the field of view by illuminating the sample from opposite sides, offers a potential solution, the technique adds complexity and cost to the imaging system. We investigate a new technique to address these limitations: Bessel light sheet microscopy in combination with incoherent nonlinear Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM). Results demonstrate that, at visible wavelengths, Bessel excitation penetrates up to 250 microns deep in the scattering media with single-side illumination. Bessel light sheet microscope achieves confocal level resolution at a lateral resolution of 0.3 micron and an axial resolution of 1 micron. Incoherent nonlinear SIM further reduces the diffused background in Bessel light sheet images, resulting in confocal quality images in thick tissue. The technique was applied to live transgenic zebra fish tg(kdrl:GFP), and the sub-cellular structure of fish vasculature genetically labeled with GFP was captured in 3D. The superior speed of the microscope enables us to acquire signal from 200 layers of a thick sample in 4 minutes. The compact microscope uses exclusively off-the-shelf components and offers a low-cost imaging solution for studying small animal models or tissue samples.

Fabrication of resistive switching memory structure using double-sided-anodized porous alumina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morishita, Yoshitaka; Hosono, Takaya; Ogawa, Hiroto

2017-05-01

Double-sides of aluminum sheet were anodized; at first, one side (front-side) of aluminum sheet was anodized, and the pores were filled with nickel using electroplating technique. Next, the other side (back side) of aluminum sheet was anodized. After formation of electrodes on both sides of anodic porous alumina, the current-voltage characteristics were examined, and reversible change in the resistance between metallic and insulating states was measured during mono-polar operation. This switching behavior could be measured for the sample with the depth of backside pores of about 100 μm. The bias voltage, at which the resistance state changed into the lower-resistance state from the higher-resistance state, decreased with decreasing the depth of backside pores, and the bias voltage was about 1 V in the case of the backside pores of about 10 μm.

Unanticipated spin gap measured in the frustrated quasi-FCC d3 double perovskites La2 LiXO6 (X = Ru, Os)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maharaj, Dalini D.; Sala, Gabriele; Marjerrison, Casey A.; Greedan, John; Gaulin, Bruce; Stone, Matthew

There is much current interest in the influence of strong spin-orbit (SO) interactions on exotic ground state selection in new 4d and 5d magnets, particularly involving 4d5 Ir. Here we consider double perovskites of the form A2 BB'O6 which are based on heavy 4d or 5d magnetic ions, where the SO interaction is expected to be significant as it increases as ~Z4 . The double perovskite structure can accommodate a variety of magnetic ions on the B' site, providing a playground for systematic studies of the exotic ground states stabilized by strong SO coupling. Here, we report inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements conducted on the frustrated monoclinic magnets, La2LiXO6 (X = Ru, Os), wherein the magnetic moments decorate a quasi face-centered-cubic lattice. Our results show the development of a spin gap in the spin excitation spectrum of size ΔOs = 8 meV and ΔRu = 2.5meV concomitant with TN, which is unexpected for orbitally quenched d3 systems. We liken these results to INS results obtained for Ba2YXO6 and La2NaXO6, which were also shown to exhibit spin gaps that correlate with TN. We shall discuss trends observed in these three d3 double perovskite families which correlate strong SO coupling, spin gap and TN.

Spatial variability of the Arctic Ocean's double-diffusive staircase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shibley, N. C.; Timmermans, M.-L.; Carpenter, J. R.; Toole, J. M.

2017-02-01

The Arctic Ocean thermohaline stratification frequently exhibits a staircase structure overlying the Atlantic Water Layer that can be attributed to the diffusive form of double-diffusive convection. The staircase consists of multiple layers of O(1) m in thickness separated by sharp interfaces, across which temperature and salinity change abruptly. Through a detailed analysis of Ice-Tethered Profiler measurements from 2004 to 2013, the double-diffusive staircase structure is characterized across the entire Arctic Ocean. We demonstrate how the large-scale Arctic Ocean circulation influences the small-scale staircase properties. These staircase properties (layer thicknesses and temperature and salinity jumps across interfaces) are examined in relation to a bulk vertical density ratio spanning the staircase stratification. We show that the Lomonosov Ridge serves as an approximate boundary between regions of low density ratio (approximately 3-4) on the Eurasian side and higher density ratio (approximately 6-7) on the Canadian side. We find that the Eurasian Basin staircase is characterized by fewer, thinner layers than that in the Canadian Basin, although the margins of all basins are characterized by relatively thin layers and the absence of a well-defined staircase. A double-diffusive 4/3 flux law parametrization is used to estimate vertical heat fluxes in the Canadian Basin to be O(0.1) W m-2. It is shown that the 4/3 flux law may not be an appropriate representation of heat fluxes through the Eurasian Basin staircase. Here molecular heat fluxes are estimated to be between O(0.01) and O(0.1) W m-2. However, many uncertainties remain about the exact nature of these fluxes.

Acute and chronic safety and efficacy of dose dependent creatine nitrate supplementation and exercise performance.

PubMed

Galvan, Elfego; Walker, Dillon K; Simbo, Sunday Y; Dalton, Ryan; Levers, Kyle; O'Connor, Abigail; Goodenough, Chelsea; Barringer, Nicholas D; Greenwood, Mike; Rasmussen, Christopher; Smith, Stephen B; Riechman, Steven E; Fluckey, James D; Murano, Peter S; Earnest, Conrad P; Kreider, Richard B

2016-01-01

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and nitrate are popular supplements for improving exercise performance; yet have not been investigated in combination. We performed two studies to determine the safety and exercise performance-characteristics of creatine nitrate (CrN) supplementation. Study 1 participants (N = 13) ingested 1.5 g CrN (CrN-Low), 3 g CrN (CrN-High), 5 g CrM or a placebo in a randomized, crossover study (7d washout) to determine supplement safety (hepatorenal and muscle enzymes, heart rate, blood pressure and side effects) measured at time-0 (unsupplemented), 30-min, and then hourly for 5-h post-ingestion. Study 2 participants (N = 48) received the same CrN treatments vs. 3 g CrM in a randomized, double-blind, 28d trial inclusive of a 7-d interim testing period and loading sequence (4 servings/d). Day-7 and d-28 measured Tendo™ bench press performance, Wingate testing and a 6x6-s bicycle ergometer sprint. Data were analyzed using a GLM and results are reported as mean ± SD or mean change ± 95 % CI. In both studies we observed several significant, yet stochastic changes in blood markers that were not indicative of potential harm or consistent for any treatment group. Equally, all treatment groups reported a similar number of minimal side effects. In Study 2, there was a significant increase in plasma nitrates for both CrN groups by d-7, subsequently abating by d-28. Muscle creatine increased significantly by d-7 in the CrM and CrN-High groups, but then decreased by d-28 for CrN-High. By d-28, there were significant increases in bench press lifting volume (kg) for all groups (PLA, 126.6, 95 % CI 26.3, 226.8; CrM, 194.1, 95 % CI 89.0, 299.2; CrN-Low, 118.3, 95 % CI 26.1, 210.5; CrN-High, 267.2, 95 % CI 175.0, 359.4, kg). Only the CrN-High group was significantly greater than PLA (p < 0.05). Similar findings were observed for bench press peak power (PLA, 59.0, 95 % CI 4.5, 113.4; CrM, 68.6, 95 % CI 11.4, 125.8; CrN-Low, 40.9, 95 % CI -9.2, 91.0; CrN-High, 60.9, 95 % CI 10.8, 111.1, W) and average power. Creatine nitrate delivered at 3 g was well-tolerated, demonstrated similar performance benefits to 3 g CrM, in addition, within the confines of this study, there were no safety concerns.

Double valley Dirac fermions for 3D and 2D Hg1-x Cd x Te with strong asymmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marchewka, M.

2017-04-01

In this paper the possibility to bring about the double-valley Dirac fermions in some quantum structures is predicted. These quantum structures are: strained 3D Hg1-x Cd x Te topological insulator (TI) with strong interface inversion asymmetry and the asymmetric Hg1-x Cd x Te double quantum wells (DQW). The numerical analysis of the dispersion relation for 3D TI Hg1-x Cd x Te for the proper Cd (x)-content of the Hg1-x Cd x Te compound clearly shows that the inversion symmetry breaking together with the unaxial tensile strain causes the splitting of each of the Dirac nodes (two belonging to two interfaces) into two in the proximity of the Γ-point. Similar effects can be obtained for asymmetric Hg1-x Cd x Te DQW with the proper content of Cd and proper width of the quantum wells. The aim of this work is to explore the inversion symmetry breaking in 3D TI and 2D DQW mixed HgCdTe systems. It is shown that this symmetry breaking leads to the dependence of carriers energy on quasi-momentum similar to that of Weyl fermions.

Tautomerism of monochalcogenosilanoic acids CH3Si(＝O)XH (X D S, Se, Te) in the gas phase and in the polar and aprotic solution: An ab initio computational investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Qiang-Gen; Deng, Chao; Ren, Yi; Wong, Ning-Bew; Chu, San-Yan; Wang, Xin

Computational investigations by an ab initio molecular orbital method (HF and MP2) with the 6-311+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(2df, 2pd) basis sets on the tautomerism of three monochalcogenosilanoic acids CH3Si(＝O)XH (X D S, Se, and Te) in the gas phase and a polar and aprotic solution tetrahydrofuran (THF) was undertaken. Calculated results show that the silanol forms CH3Si(＝X)OH are much more stable than the silanone forms CH3Si(＝O)XH in the gas-phase, which is different from the monochalcogenocarboxylic acids, where the keto forms CH3C(＝O)XH are dominant. This situation may be attributed to the fact that the Si＝O and O＝H single bonds in the silanol forms are stronger than the Si＝X and X＝H single bonds in the silanone forms, respectively, even though the Si＝X (X D S, Se, and Te) double bonds are much weaker than the Si＝O double bondE These results indicate that the stability of the monochalcogenosilanoic acid tautomers is not determined by the double bond energies, contrary to the earlier explanation based on the incorrect assumption that the Si＝S double bond is stronger than the S＝O double bond for the tautomeric equilibrium of RSi(＝O)SH (R＝H, F, Cl, CH3, OH, NH2) to shift towards the thione forms [RSi(＝S)OH]. The binding with CH3OCH3 enhances the preference of the silanol form in the tautomeric equilibrium, and meanwhile significantly lowers the tautomeric barriers by more than 34 kJ/mol in THF solution.0

3D-Ultrasonography for evaluation of facial muscles in patients with chronic facial palsy or defective healing: a pilot study.

PubMed

Volk, Gerd Fabian; Pohlmann, Martin; Finkensieper, Mira; Chalmers, Heather J; Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando

2014-01-01

While standardized methods are established to examine the pathway from motorcortex to the peripheral nerve in patients with facial palsy, a reliable method to evaluate the facial muscles in patients with long-term palsy for therapy planning is lacking. A 3D ultrasonographic (US) acquisition system driven by a motorized linear mover combined with conventional US probe was used to acquire 3D data sets of several facial muscles on both sides of the face in a healthy subject and seven patients with different types of unilateral degenerative facial nerve lesions. The US results were correlated to the duration of palsy and the electromyography results. Consistent 3D US based volumetry through bilateral comparison was feasible for parts of the frontalis muscle, orbicularis oculi muscle, depressor anguli oris muscle, depressor labii inferioris muscle, and mentalis muscle. With the exception of the frontal muscle, the facial muscles volumes were much smaller on the palsy side (minimum: 3% for the depressor labii inferior muscle) than on the healthy side in patients with severe facial nerve lesion. In contrast, the frontal muscles did not show a side difference. In the two patients with defective healing after spontaneous regeneration a decrease in muscle volume was not seen. Synkinesis and hyperkinesis was even more correlated to muscle hypertrophy on the palsy compared with the healthy side. 3D ultrasonography seems to be a promising tool for regional and quantitative evaluation of facial muscles in patients with facial palsy receiving a facial reconstructive surgery or conservative treatment.

3D-Ultrasonography for evaluation of facial muscles in patients with chronic facial palsy or defective healing: a pilot study

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background While standardized methods are established to examine the pathway from motorcortex to the peripheral nerve in patients with facial palsy, a reliable method to evaluate the facial muscles in patients with long-term palsy for therapy planning is lacking. Methods A 3D ultrasonographic (US) acquisition system driven by a motorized linear mover combined with conventional US probe was used to acquire 3D data sets of several facial muscles on both sides of the face in a healthy subject and seven patients with different types of unilateral degenerative facial nerve lesions. Results The US results were correlated to the duration of palsy and the electromyography results. Consistent 3D US based volumetry through bilateral comparison was feasible for parts of the frontalis muscle, orbicularis oculi muscle, depressor anguli oris muscle, depressor labii inferioris muscle, and mentalis muscle. With the exception of the frontal muscle, the facial muscles volumes were much smaller on the palsy side (minimum: 3% for the depressor labii inferior muscle) than on the healthy side in patients with severe facial nerve lesion. In contrast, the frontal muscles did not show a side difference. In the two patients with defective healing after spontaneous regeneration a decrease in muscle volume was not seen. Synkinesis and hyperkinesis was even more correlated to muscle hypertrophy on the palsy compared with the healthy side. Conclusion 3D ultrasonography seems to be a promising tool for regional and quantitative evaluation of facial muscles in patients with facial palsy receiving a facial reconstructive surgery or conservative treatment. PMID:24782657

Cyproheptadine in the treatment of autistic disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

PubMed

Akhondzadeh, S; Erfani, S; Mohammadi, M R; Tehrani-Doost, M; Amini, H; Gudarzi, S S; Yasamy, M T

2004-04-01

Autism is a childhood-onset disorder of unknown, possibly of multiple aetiologies. The core symptoms of autism are abnormalities in social interaction, communication and behaviour. The involvement of neurotransmitters such as 5-HT has been suggested in neuropsychiatric disorders and particularly in autistic disorder. Increased platelet 5-HT levels were found in 40% of the autistic population, suggesting that hyperserotonaemia may be a pathologic factor in infantile autism. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the efficacy of cyproheptadine, a 5-HT2 antagonist in the treatment of autistic disorder. In this 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the effects of cyproheptadine plus haloperidol in the treatment of autistic disorder. Children between the ages 3 and 11 years (inclusive) with a DSM IV clinical diagnosis of autism and who were outpatients from a specialty clinic for children at Roozbeh Psychiatric Teaching Hospital were recruited. The children presented with a chief complaint of severely disruptive symptoms related to autistic disorder. Patients were randomly allocated to cyproheptadine + haloperidol (Group A) or haloperidol + placebo (Group B) for an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The dose of haloperidol and cyproheptadine was titrated up to 0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg/day respectively. Patients were assessed by a third-year resident of psychiatry at baseline and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of starting medication. The primary measure of the outcome was the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Community (ABC-C) and the secondary measure of the outcome was the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (relating to people and verbal communication). Side effects and extrapyramidal symptoms were systematically recorded throughout the study and were assessed using a checklist and the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale, administered by a resident of psychiatry during weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8. The ABC-C and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale scores improved with cyproheptadine. The behaviour of the two treatments was not homogeneous across time (groups-by-time interaction, Greenhouse-Geisser correction; F = 7.30, d.f. = 1.68, P = 0.002; F = 8.21, d.f. = 1.19, P = 0.004 respectively). The difference between the two treatments was significant as indicated by the effect of group, and the between-subjects factor (F = 4.17, d.f. = 1, P = 0.048; F = 4.29, d.f. = 1, P = 0.045 respectively). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of extrapyramidal symptoms (P = 0.23). The difference between the two groups in the frequency of side effects was not significant. The results suggest that the combination of cyproheptadine with a conventional antipsychotic may be superior to conventional antipsychotic alone for children with autistic disorder. However the results need confirmation by a larger randomized controlled trial.

Double Dirac point semimetal in 2D material: Ta2Se3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Yandong; Jing, Yu; Heine, Thomas

2017-06-01

Here, we report by first-principles calculations one new stable 2D Dirac material, Ta2Se3 monolayer. For this system, stable layered bulk phase exists, and exfoliation should be possible. Ta2Se3 monolayer is demonstrated to support two Dirac points close to the Fermi level, achieving the exotic 2D double Dirac semimetal. And like 2D single Dirac and 2D node-line semimetals, spin-orbit coupling could introduce an insulating state in this new class of 2D Dirac semimetals. Moreover, the Dirac feature in this system is layer-dependent and a metal-to-insulator transition is identified in Ta2Se3 when reducing the layer-thickness from bilayer to monolayer. These findings are of fundamental interests and of great importance for nanoscale device applications.

Hybridized orbital states in spin-orbit coupled 3 d -5 d double perovskites studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Min-Cheol; Lee, Sanghyun; Won, C. J.; Lee, K. D.; Hur, N.; Chen, Jeng-Lung; Cho, Deok-Yong; Noh, T. W.

2018-03-01

We investigated the orbital hybridization mechanism in 3 d -5 d double perovskites (DPs) of La2CoIrO6 and La2CoPtO6 using x-ray absorption spectroscopy. It is clearly evidenced by O K -edge and Co K -edge x-ray absorption spectra that the Co 3 d orbitals hybridize not only with the half-filled Ir/Pt jeff states but also with the fully empty (unpolarized) Ir/Pt eg states in both DPs. The Co 3 d eg-Ir 5 d eg hybridization cannot contribute to the ferrimagnetic long-range order in La2CoIrO6 established by spin-selective Co 3 d t2 g-Ir 5 d jeff hybridization through the intermediate oxygen p state but could serve as an origin of paramagnetism. The strengths of such orbital hybridizations were found to be almost invariant to temperature, even far above the Curie temperature, implying persistent paramagnetism against the antiferromagnetic ordering in the spin-orbit entangled 3 d -5 d DPs.

Detecting the Length of Double-stranded DNA with Solid State Nanopores

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jiali; Gershow, Marc; Stein, Derek; Qun, Cai; Brandin, Eric; Wang, Hui; Huang, Albert; Branton, Dan; Golovchenko, Jene

2003-03-01

We report on the use of nanometer scale diameter, solid-state nanopores as single molecule detectors of double stranded DNA molecules. These solid-state nanopores are fabricated in thin membranes of silicon nitride, by ion beam sculpting 1. They produce discrete electronic signals: current blockages, when an electrically biased nanopore is exposed to DNA molecules in aqueous salt solutions. We demonstrate examples of such electronic signals for 3k base pairs (bp) and 10k bp double stranded DNA molecules, which suggest that these molecules are individually translocating through the nanopore during the detection process. The translocating time for the 10k bp double stranded DNA is about 3 times longer than the 3k bp, demonstrating that a solid-state nanopore device can be used to detect the lengths of double stranded DNA molecules. Similarities and differences with signals obtained from single stranded DNA in a biological nanopores are discussed 2. 1. Li, J., Stein, D., McMullan, C., Branton, D. Aziz, M. J. and Golovchenko, J. Ion Beam Sculpting at nanometer length scales. Nature 412, 166-169 (2001). 2. Meller, A., L. Nivon, E. Brandin, Golovchenko, J. & Branton, D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 1079-1084 (2000).

Three-dimensional printing enhances preparation for repair of double outlet right ventricular surgery.

PubMed

Zhao, Liyun; Zhou, Sijie; Fan, Taibing; Li, Bin; Liang, Weijie; Dong, Haoju

2018-01-01

To assess the clinical value of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for treatment strategies for complex double outlet right ventricle (DORV). Twenty-five patients with complex double outlet right ventricle were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: 3D printing group (eight patients) and a non-3-D printing control group (17 patients). The cardiac images of patients in the 3D printing group were transformed to Digital Imaging and Communications and were segmented and reconstructed to create a heart model. No cardiac models were created in the control group. A Pearson coefficient analysis was used to assess the correlation between measurements of 3D printed models and computed tomography angiography (CTA) data. Pre-operative assessment and planning were performed with 3D printed models, and then operative time and recovery time were compared between the two groups. There was good correlation (r = 0.977) between 3D printed models and CTA data. Patients in the 3D printing group had shorter aortic cross-clamp time (102.88 vs 127.76 min, P = 0.094) and cardiopulmonary bypass time (151.63 vs 184.24 min; P = 0.152) than patients in the control group. Patients with 3D printed models had significantly lower mechanical ventilation time (56.43 vs 96.76 h, P = 0.040) and significantly shorter intensive care unit time (99.04 vs 166.94 h, P = 0.008) than patients in the control group. 3D printed models can accurately demonstrate anatomic structures and are useful for pre-operative treatment strategies in DORV. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Neurovascular Study of the Trigeminal Nerve at 3 T MRI

PubMed Central

Gonzalez, Nadia; Muñoz, Alexandra; Bravo, Fernando; Sarroca, Daniel; Morales, Carlos

2015-01-01

This study aimed to show a novel visualization method to investigate neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve (TN) using a volume-rendering fusion imaging technique of 3D fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D FIESTA) and coregistered 3D time of flight MR angiography (3D TOF MRA) sequences, which we called “neurovascular study of the trigeminal nerve”. We prospectively studied 30 patients with unilateral trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and 50 subjects without symptoms of TN (control group), on a 3 Tesla scanner. All patients were assessed using 3D FIESTA and 3D TOF MRA sequences centered on the pons, as well as a standard brain protocol including axial T1, T2, FLAIR and GRE sequences to exclude other pathologies that could cause TN. Post-contrast T1-weighted sequences were also performed. All cases showing arterial imprinting on the trigeminal nerve (n = 11) were identified on the ipsilateral side of the pain. No significant relationship was found between the presence of an artery in contact with the trigeminal nerve and TN. Eight cases were found showing arterial contact on the ipsilateral side of the pain and five cases of arterial contact on the contralateral side. The fusion imaging technique of 3D FIESTA and 3D TOF MRA sequences, combining the high anatomical detail provided by the 3D FIESTA sequence with the 3D TOF MRA sequence and its capacity to depict arterial structures, results in a tool that enables quick and efficient visualization and assessment of the relationship between the trigeminal nerve and the neighboring vascular structures. PMID:25924169

FastScript3D - A Companion to Java 3D

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koenig, Patti

2005-01-01

FastScript3D is a computer program, written in the Java 3D(TM) programming language, that establishes an alternative language that helps users who lack expertise in Java 3D to use Java 3D for constructing three-dimensional (3D)-appearing graphics. The FastScript3D language provides a set of simple, intuitive, one-line text-string commands for creating, controlling, and animating 3D models. The first word in a string is the name of a command; the rest of the string contains the data arguments for the command. The commands can also be used as an aid to learning Java 3D. Developers can extend the language by adding custom text-string commands. The commands can define new 3D objects or load representations of 3D objects from files in formats compatible with such other software systems as X3D. The text strings can be easily integrated into other languages. FastScript3D facilitates communication between scripting languages [which enable programming of hyper-text markup language (HTML) documents to interact with users] and Java 3D. The FastScript3D language can be extended and customized on both the scripting side and the Java 3D side.

Antenatal diagnosis of anophthalmia by three-dimensional ultrasound: a novel application of the reverse face view.

PubMed

Wong, H S; Parker, S; Tait, J; Pringle, K C

2008-07-01

The prenatal diagnosis of anophthalmia can be made on the demonstration of absent eye globe and lens on the affected side(s) on two-dimensional ultrasound examination, but when the fetal head position is unfavorable three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound may reveal additional diagnostic sonographic features, including sunken eyelids and small or hypoplastic orbit on the affected side(s). We present two cases of isolated anophthalmia diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound examination in which 3D ultrasound provided additional diagnostic information. The reverse face view provides valuable information about the orbits and the eyeballs for prenatal diagnosis and assessment of anophthalmia.

Determination of design and operation parameters for upper atmospheric research instrumentation to yield optimum resolution with deconvolution, appendix 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ioup, George E.; Ioup, Juliette W.

1989-01-01

The power spectrum for a stationary random process can be defined with the Wiener-Khintchine Theorem, which says that the power spectrum and the auto correlation function are a Fourier transform pair. To implement this theorem for signals that are discrete and of finite length we can use the Blackman-Tukey method. Blackman and Tukey (1958) show that a function w(tau), called a lag window, can be applied to the auto correlation estimates to obtain power spectrum estimates that are statistically stable. The Fourier transform of w(r) is called a spectral window. Typical choices for spectral windows show a distinct trade-off between the main lobe width and side lobe strength. A new idea for designing windows by taking linear combinations of the standard windows to produce hybrid windows was introduced by Smith (1985). We implement Smith's idea to obtain spectral windows with narrow main lobes and smaller (compared with typical windows) near side lobes. One of the main contributions of this thesis is that we show that Smith's problem is equivalent to a Quadratic Programming (QP) problem with linear equality and inequality constraints. A computer program was written to produce hybrid windows by setting up and solving the QP problem. We also developed and solved two variations of the original problem. The two variations involved changing the inequality constraints in both cases from non negativity on the combination coefficients to non negativity on the hybrid lag window itself. For the second variation, the window functions used to construct the hybrid window were changed to a frequency-variable set of truncated cosinusoids. A series of tests was run with the three computer programs to investigate the behavior of the hybrid spectral and lag windows. Emphasis was put on obtaining spectral windows with both relatively narrow main lobes and the lowest possible (for these algorithms) near side lobes. Some success was achieved for this goal. A 10 dB peak side lobe reduction over the rectangular spectral window without significant main lobe broadening was achieved. Also, average side lobe levels of -117 dB were reached at a cost of doubling the main lobe width (at the -3 dB point).

Anatomical Variant of Atlas : Arcuate Foramen, Occpitalization of Atlas, and Defect of Posterior Arch of Atlas.

PubMed

Kim, Myoung Soo

2015-12-01

We sought to examine anatomic variations of the atlas and the clinical significance of these variations. We retrospectively reviewed 1029 cervical 3-dimensional (3D) CT images. Cervical 3D CT was performed between November 2011 and August 2014. Arcuate foramina were classified as partial or complete and left and/or right. Occipitalization of the atlas was classified in accordance with criteria specified by Mudaliar et al. Posterior arch defects of the atlas were classified in accordance with criteria specified by Currarino et al. One hundred and eight vertebrae (108/1029, 10.5%) showed an arcuate foramen. Bilateral arcuate foramina were present in 41 of these vertebrae and the remaining 67 arcuate foramina were unilateral (right 31, left 36). Right-side arcuate foramina were partial on 18 sides and complete on 54 sides. Left-side arcuate foramina were partial on 24 sides and complete on 53 sides. One case of atlas assimilation was found. Twelve patients (12/1029, 1.17%) had a defect of the atlantal posterior arch. Nine of these patients (9/1029, 0.87%) had a type A posterior arch defect. We also identified one type B, one type D, and one type E defect. Preoperative diagnosis of occipitalization of the atlas and arcuate foramina using 3D CT is of paramount importance in avoiding neurovascular injury during surgery. It is important to be aware of posterior arch defects of the atlas because they may be misdiagnosed as a fracture.

Design of fabric preforms for double diaphragm forming

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luby, Steven; Bernardon, Edward

1992-01-01

Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) has the potential of becoming one of the most cost effective ways of producing composite structures since the raw materials used, resin and dry fabric, are less costly than prepregs. Unfortunately these low material costs are offset by the high labor costs incurred to layup the dry fabric into 3D shapes. To reduce the layup costs, double diaphragm forming is being investigated as a potential technique for creating a complex 3D preform from a simple flat layup. As part of our effort to develop double diaphragm forming into a production capable process, we have undertaken a series of experiments to investigate the interactions between process parameters, mold geometry, fabric weave, tow size, and the quality of the formed part. The results of these tests will be used to determine the forming geometry limitations of double diaphragm forming and to characterize the formability of fabric configurations. An important part of this work was the development of methods to measure and analyze fiber orientations, deformation angles, tow spreading, and shape conformation of the formed parts. This paper will describe the methods used to mark plies, the double diaphragm forming process, the techniques used to measure the formed parts, and the calculation of the parameters of interest. The results can be displayed as 3D contour plots. These experimental results have also been used to verify and improve a computer model which simulates the draping of fabrics over 3D mold shapes.

NLOS Correction/Exclusion for GNSS Measurement Using RAIM and City Building Models

PubMed Central

Hsu, Li-Ta; Gu, Yanlei; Kamijo, Shunsuke

2015-01-01

Currently, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can provide accurate and reliable positioning service in open-field areas. However, their performance in the downtown areas of cities is still affected by the multipath and none-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions. This paper proposes a new positioning method using 3D building models and the receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) satellite selection method to achieve satisfactory positioning performance in urban area. The 3D building model uses a ray-tracing technique to simulate the line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS signal travel distance, which is well-known as pseudorange, between the satellite and receiver. The proposed RAIM fault detection and exclusion (FDE) is able to compare the similarity between the raw pseudorange measurement and the simulated pseudorange. The measurement of the satellite will be excluded if the simulated and raw pseudoranges are inconsistent. Because of the assumption of the single reflection in the ray-tracing technique, an inconsistent case indicates it is a double or multiple reflected NLOS signal. According to the experimental results, the RAIM satellite selection technique can reduce by about 8.4% and 36.2% the positioning solutions with large errors (solutions estimated on the wrong side of the road) for the 3D building model method in the middle and deep urban canyon environment, respectively. PMID:26193278

Unilateral Multiple Facial Nerve Branch Reconstruction Using “End-to-side Loop Graft” Supercharged by Hypoglossal Nerve

PubMed Central

Sasaki, Ryo; Takeuchi, Yuichi; Watanabe, Yorikatsu; Niimi, Yosuke; Sakurai, Hiroyuki; Miyata, Mariko; Yamato, Masayuki

2014-01-01

Background: Extensive facial nerve defects between the facial nerve trunk and its branches can be clinically reconstructed by incorporating double innervation into an end-to-side loop graft technique. This study developed a new animal model to evaluate the technique’s ability to promote nerve regeneration. Methods: Rats were divided into the intact, nonsupercharge, and supercharge groups. Artificially created facial nerve defects were reconstructed with a nerve graft, which was end-to-end sutured from proximal facial nerve stump to the mandibular branch (nonsupercharge group), or with the graft of which other end was end-to-side sutured to the hypoglossal nerve (supercharge group). And they were evaluated after 30 weeks. Results: Axonal diameter was significantly larger in the supercharge group than in the nonsupercharge group for the buccal (3.78 ± 1.68 vs 3.16 ± 1.22; P < 0.0001) and marginal mandibular branches (3.97 ± 2.31 vs 3.46 ± 1.57; P < 0.0001), but the diameter was significantly larger in the intact group for all branches except the temporal branch. In the supercharge group, compound muscle action potential amplitude was significantly higher than in the nonsupercharge group (4.18 ± 1.49 mV vs 1.87 ± 0.37 mV; P < 0.0001) and similar to that in the intact group (4.11 ± 0.68 mV). Retrograde labeling showed that the mimetic muscles were double-innervated by facial and hypoglossal nerve nuclei in the supercharge group. Conclusions: Multiple facial nerve branch reconstruction with an end-to-side loop graft was able to achieve axonal distribution. Additionally, axonal supercharge from the hypoglossal nerve significantly improved outcomes. PMID:25426357

Asymmetry-symmetry transition of double-sided adhesive tapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamaguchi, Tetsuo; Muroo, Hiroyuki; Sumino, Yutaka; Doi, Masao

2012-06-01

We report on the debonding process of a double-sided adhesive tape sandwiched between two glass plates. When the glass plates are separated from each other at a constant rate, a highly asymmetric extension of top and bottom adhesive layers and bending of the inner film are observed first. As the separation proceeds, the elongation of both layers becomes symmetric, and the inner film becomes flat again. When this happens, there appears a local maximum in the force-displacement curve. We explain this asymmetry-symmetry transition and discuss the role of the bimodal force-displacement relation of each adhesive layer. We also discuss the effect of the inner film thickness and the separation rate on the debonding behavior, which causes undesirable early detachment of the double-sided adhesive tape in a certain condition.

Experiments in dilution jet mixing effects of multiple rows and non-circular orifices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holdeman, J. D.; Srinivasan, R.; Coleman, E. B.; Meyers, G. D.; White, C. D.

1985-01-01

Experimental and empirical model results are presented that extend previous studies of the mixing of single-sided and opposed rows of jets in a confined duct flow to include effects of non-circular orifices and double rows of jets. Analysis of the mean temperature data obtained in this investigation showed that the effects of orifice shape and double rows are significant only in the region close to the injection plane, provided that the orifices are symmetric with respect to the main flow direction. The penetration and mixing of jets from 45-degree slanted slots is slightly less than that from equivalent-area symmetric orifices. The penetration from 2-dimensional slots is similar to that from equivalent-area closely-spaced rows of holes, but the mixing is slower for the 2-D slots. Calculated mean temperature profiles downstream of jets from non-circular and double rows of orifices, made using an extension developed for a previous empirical model, are shown to be in good agreement with the measured distributions.

Experiments in dilution jet mixing - Effects of multiple rows and non-circular orifices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holdeman, J. D.; Srinivasan, R.; Coleman, E. B.; Meyers, G. D.; White, C. D.

1985-01-01

Experimental and empirical model results are presented that extend previous studies of the mixing of single-sided and opposed rows of jets in a confined duct flow to include effects of non-circular orifices and double rows of jets. Analysis of the mean temperature data obtained in this investigation showed that the effects of orifice shape and double rows are significant only in the region close to the injection plane, provided that the orifices are symmetric with respect to the main flow direction. The penetration and mixing of jets from 45-degree slanted slots is slightly less than that from equivalent-area symmetric orifices. The penetration from two-dimensional slots is similar to that from equivalent-area closely-spaced rows of holes, but the mixing is slower for the 2-D slots. Calculated mean temperature profiles downstream of jets from non-circular and double rows of orifices, made using an extension developed for a previous empirical model, are shown to be in good agreement with the measured distributions.

Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Various-Sided Games in Elite Women's Soccer.

PubMed

Mara, Jocelyn K; Thompson, Kevin G; Pumpa, Kate L

2016-10-01

To investigate the physical and physiological response to different formats of various-sided games. Eighteen elite women's soccer players wore 15-Hz global positioning system devices and heart-rate (HR) monitors during various-sided games (small, 4 vs 4 and 5 vs 5; medium, 6 vs 6 and 7 vs 7; large, 8 vs 8 and 9 vs 9). Players covered more relative sprinting distance during large-sided games than in small-sided (P < .001, d = 0.69) and medium-sided (P < .001, d = 0.54) games. In addition, a greater proportion of total acceleration efforts that had a commencement velocity <1 m/s were observed in small-sided games (44.7% ± 5.5%) than in large-sided games (36.7% ± 10.6%) (P = .018, d = 0.94). This was accompanied by a greater proportion of acceleration efforts with a final velocity equivalent to the sprint threshold in large-sided games (15.4% ± 7.7%) than in small-sided games (5.2% ± 2.5%) (P < .001, d = 1.78). The proportion of time spent in HR zone 4 (>85% maximum HR) was greater during small-sided games (69.8% ± 2.5%) than in medium- (62.1% ± 2.8%, d = 2.90) and large-sided games (54.9% ± 3.1%) (P < .001, d = 5.29). The results from this study demonstrate that coaches can use small-sided games as an aerobic conditioning stimulus and to develop players' explosiveness and repeat-sprint ability over short durations. Large-sided games can be used to maintain aerobic capacity and develop maximum speed over longer distances.

Cell force mapping using a double-sided micropillar array based on the moiré fringe method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, F.; Anderson, S.; Zheng, X.; Roberts, E.; Qiu, Y.; Liao, R.; Zhang, X.

2014-07-01

The mapping of traction forces is crucial to understanding the means by which cells regulate their behavior and physiological function to adapt to and communicate with their local microenvironment. To this end, polymeric micropillar arrays have been used for measuring cell traction force. However, the small scale of the micropillar deflections induced by cell traction forces results in highly inefficient force analyses using conventional optical approaches; in many cases, cell forces may be below the limits of detection achieved using conventional microscopy. To address these limitations, the moiré phenomenon has been leveraged as a visualization tool for cell force mapping due to its inherent magnification effect and capacity for whole-field force measurements. This Letter reports an optomechanical cell force sensor, namely, a double-sided micropillar array (DMPA) made of poly(dimethylsiloxane), on which one side is employed to support cultured living cells while the opposing side serves as a reference pattern for generating moiré patterns. The distance between the two sides, which is a crucial parameter influencing moiré pattern contrast, is predetermined during fabrication using theoretical calculations based on the Talbot effect that aim to optimize contrast. Herein, double-sided micropillar arrays were validated by mapping mouse embryo fibroblast contraction forces and the resulting force maps compared to conventional microscopy image analyses as the reference standard. The DMPA-based approach precludes the requirement for aligning two independent periodic substrates, improves moiré contrast, and enables efficient moiré pattern generation. Furthermore, the double-sided structure readily allows for the integration of moiré-based cell force mapping into microfabricated cell culture environments or lab-on-a-chip devices.

A practical double-sided frequency selective surface for millimeter-wave applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohyuddin, Wahab; Woo, Dong Sik; Choi, Hyun Chul; Kim, Kang Wook

2018-02-01

Analysis, design, and implementation of a practical, high-rejection frequency selective surface (FSS) are presented in this paper. An equivalent circuit model is introduced for predicting the frequency response of the FSS. The FSS consists of periodic square loop structures fabricated on both sides of the thin dielectric substrate by using the low-cost chemical etching technique. The proposed FSS possesses band-stop characteristics and is implemented to suppress the 170 GHz signal with attenuation of more than 45 dB with insensitivity to an angle of incident plane wave over 20°. Good agreement is observed among calculated, simulated, and measured results. The proposed FSS filter can be used in various millimeter-wave applications such as the protection of imaging diagnostic systems from high spurious input power.

High versus moderate energy use of bipolar fractional radiofrequency in the treatment of acne scars: a split-face double-blinded randomized control trial pilot study.

PubMed

Phothong, Weeranut; Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima; Sathaworawong, Angkana; Manuskiatti, Woraphong

2016-02-01

Bipolar fractional radiofrequency (FRF) device was firstly FDA-approved for treating atrophic acne scar in 2008 through the process of dermal coagulation and minimal epidermal ablation. The average energy at 60 mJ/pin was widely used to treat atrophic acne scars. However, the higher energy was delivered, the deeper ablation and coagulation were found. At present, the new generation of a device with bipolar FRF technology with electrode-pin tip was developed to maximize ability to deliver energy up to 100 mJ/pin. The objective of the study was to explore and compare the efficacy of utilizing high energy (100 mJ/pin) and moderate energy (60 mJ/pin) of bipolar fractional radiofrequency in treatment of atrophic acne scar in Asians. This is a split-face, double-blinded, randomized control trial, pilot study by using parallel group design technique. Thirty healthy subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototype III-IV diagnosed as atrophic acne scares were enrolled. All subjects received four monthly sessions of bipolar FRF treatment. Left and right facial sides of individual patients were randomly assigned for different energy (high energy at 100 mJ/pin versus moderate energy at 60 mJ/pin). Acne scars improvement was blinded graded by dermatologist using global acne scarring score (GASS) which was subjectively evaluated at baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up. Objective scar analysis was also done using UVA-light video camera to measure scar volume, skin smoothness, and wrinkle at baseline, 3-, and 6-month follow-up after the last treatment. Side effects including pain, erythema, swelling, and crusting were also recorded. Thirty subjects completed the study with full 4-treatment course. The mean GASS of high energy side and moderate energy side was significantly reduced at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits. At 1 month follow-visit, high energy side demonstrated significant improvement compared with moderate energy side (p = 0.03). Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) developed in 21/120 sessions in high energy side (17.5 %) and 16/120 sessions in moderate energy side (13.3 %). Pain score and the duration of erythema after treatments were significant higher on the side that was treated with high energy. Bipolar FRF device was safe and effective in the treatment of atrophic acne scars in Asians. High energy setting demonstrated significant higher efficacy at 1 month follow-visit. However, the efficacy of both energy settings was comparable at 3- and 6-month follow-up. In addition, side effects were significantly more intense on the side treated with high energy.

Imaging the Fine-Scale Structure of the San Andreas Fault in the Northern Gabilan Range with Explosion and Earthquake Sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xin, H.; Thurber, C. H.; Zhang, H.; Wang, F.

2014-12-01

A number of geophysical studies have been carried out along the San Andreas Fault (SAF) in the Northern Gabilan Range (NGR) with the purpose of characterizing in detail the fault zone structure. Previous seismic research has revealed the complex structure of the crustal volume in the NGR region in two-dimensions (Thurber et al., 1996, 1997), and there has been some work on the three-dimensional (3D) structure at a coarser scale (Lin and Roecker, 1997). In our study we use earthquake body-wave arrival times and differential times (P and S) and explosion arrival times (only P) to image the 3D P- and S-wave velocity structure of the upper crust along the SAF in the NGR using double-difference (DD) tomography. The earthquake and explosion data types have complementary strengths - the earthquake data have good resolution at depth and resolve both Vp and Vs structure, although only where there are sufficient seismic rays between hypocenter and stations, whereas the explosions contribute very good near-surface resolution but for P waves only. The original dataset analyzed by Thurber et al. (1996, 1997) included data from 77 local earthquakes and 8 explosions. We enlarge the dataset with 114 more earthquakes that occurred in the study area, obtain improved S-wave picks using an automated picker, and include absolute and cross-correlation differential times. The inversion code we use is the algorithm tomoDD (Zhang and Thurber, 2003). We assess how the P and S velocity models and earthquake locations vary as we alter the inversion parameters and the inversion grid. The new inversion results show clearly the fine-scale structure of the SAF at depth in 3D, sharpening the image of the velocity contrast from the southwest side to the northeast side.

Buspirone versus methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a double-blind and randomized trial.

PubMed

Davari-Ashtiani, Rozita; Shahrbabaki, Mahin Eslami; Razjouyan, Katayoon; Amini, Homayoun; Mazhabdar, Homa

2010-12-01

The efficacy and side effects of buspirone compared with methylphenidate (MPH) in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 34 children with ADHD as defined by DSM-IV-TR were randomized to buspirone or methylphenidate dosed on weight-adjusted basis at buspirone (0.5 mg/kg/day) and methylphenidate (0.3-1 mg/kg/day) for a 6-week double-blind clinical trial. The principle measures of outcome were the teacher and parent ADHD Rating Scale. The side effects were assessed by the special side effect checklist of each drug. In both groups, the scores of teacher and parent ADHD Rating Scale significantly declined on the 6th week as compared to baseline (p = 0.001). These effects were observed in the subscales too. No significant differences were observed between the two protocols on the total scores of parent and teacher ADHD Rating Scale, but methylphenidate was superior to buspirone in decreasing the symptoms of inattention. The side effects of buspirone were mild and rare in comparison with MPH. Buspirone has a favorable side-effects profile. It also has clinically and statistically significant impacts on improving the ADHD symptoms in children. These preliminary findings of the efficacy of buspirone in children with ADHD need large and cross-over studies.

Clinical outcomes and genome-wide association for a brain methylation site in an antidepressant pharmacogenetics study in Mexican Americans.

PubMed

Wong, Ma-Li; Dong, Chuanhui; Flores, Deborah L; Ehrhart-Bornstein, Monika; Bornstein, Stefan; Arcos-Burgos, Mauricio; Licinio, Julio

2014-12-01

The authors compared the effectiveness of fluoxetine and desipramine treatment in a prospective double-blind pharmacogenetics study in first-generation Mexican Americans and examined the role of whole-exome functional gene variations in the patients' antidepressant response. A total of 232 Mexican Americans who met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of double-blind treatment with desipramine (50-200 mg/day) or fluoxetine (10-40 mg/day) after a 1-week placebo lead-in period. Outcome measures included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. At week 8, whole-exome genotyping data were obtained for 36 participants who remitted and 29 who did not respond to treatment. Compared with desipramine treatment, fluoxetine treatment was associated with a greater reduction in HAM-D score, higher response and remission rates, shorter time to response and remission, and lower incidences of anticholinergic and cardiovascular side effects. Pharmacogenetics analysis showed that exm-rs1321744 achieved exome-wide significance for treatment remission. This variant is located in a brain methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing site, which suggests that it may be involved in epigenetic regulation of neuronal gene expression. This and two other common gene variants provided a highly accurate cross-validated predictive model for treatment remission of major depression (receiver operating characteristic integral=0.95). Compared with desipramine, fluoxetine treatment showed a more rapid reduction of HAM-D score and a lower incidence of side effects in a population comprising primarily first-generation Mexican Americans with major depression. This study's pharmacogenetics approach strongly implicates the role of functional variants in antidepressant treatment response.

3D Printing in Surgical Management of Double Outlet Right Ventricle.

PubMed

Yoo, Shi-Joon; van Arsdell, Glen S

2017-01-01

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heterogeneous group of congenital heart diseases that require individualized surgical approach based on precise understanding of the complex cardiovascular anatomy. Physical 3-dimensional (3D) print models not only allow fast and unequivocal perception of the complex anatomy but also eliminate misunderstanding or miscommunication among imagers and surgeons. Except for those cases showing well-recognized classic surgical anatomy of DORV such as in cases with a typical subaortic or subpulmonary ventricular septal defect, 3D print models are of enormous value in surgical decision and planning. Furthermore, 3D print models can also be used for rehearsal of the intended procedure before the actual surgery on the patient so that the outcome of the procedure is precisely predicted and the procedure can be optimally tailored for the patient's specific anatomy. 3D print models are invaluable resource for hands-on surgical training of congenital heart surgeons.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Muljadi, Eduard; Hasan, Iftekhar; Husain, Tausif

This research examines the vibration and thermal characteristics of double-sided flux concentrating Transverse Flux Machines (TFM), designed for direct drive application. Two TFM prototypes with different stator cores, one with Quasi U-Core and the other with E-Core, has been used for the study. 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been carried out to determine the no-load and with load performance of the TFMs along with their fluctuating axial electromagnetic force densities acting on the stator teeth. The deformation response of the stator cores was observed in the static structural analysis. Thermal analysis for the TFM was performed through FEA basedmore » on copper and iron losses in the machine to examine the temperature rise in different parts of the machine structure. Acceleration and noise measurements were experimentally obtained to characterize the vibrational performance of the prototypes.« less

Mixing noise reduction for rectangular supersonic jets by nozzle shaping and induced screech mixing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rice, Edward J.; Raman, Ganesh

1993-01-01

Two methods of mixing noise modification were studied for supersonic jets flowing from rectangular nozzles with an aspect ratio of about five and a small dimension of about 1.4 cm. The first involves nozzle geometry variation using either single (unsymmetrical) or double bevelled (symmetrical) thirty degree cutbacks of the nozzle exit. Both converging (C) and converging-diverging (C-D) versions were tested. The double bevelled C-D nozzle produced a jet mixing noise reduction of about 4 dB compared to a standard rectangular C-D nozzle. In addition all bevelled nozzles produced an upstream shift in peak mixing noise which is conducive to improved attenuation when the nozzle is used in an acoustically treated duct. A large increase in high frequency noise also occurred near the plane of the nozzle exit. Because of near normal incidence, this noise can be easily attenuated with wall treatment. The second approach uses paddles inserted on the edge of the two sides of the jet to induce screech and greatly enhance the jet mixing. Although screech and mixing noise levels are increased, the enhanced mixing moves the source locations upstream and may make an enclosed system more amenable to noise reduction using wall acoustic treatment.

Spiral electrode d33 mode piezoelectric diaphragm combined with proof mass as energy harvester

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Zhiyuan; Liu, Shuwei; Miao, Jianmin; Woh, Lye Sun; Wang, Zhihong

2015-03-01

The paper demonstrates an energy harvester using a freestanding piezoelectric diaphragm combined with a proof mass. The diaphragm bearing double-sided spiral electrodes makes use of the d33 piezoelectric effect to realize energy scavenging. The harvester was fabricated by using a MEMS technique. The energy converting performance of the diaphragm was characterized by a shaker system. Proof masses were combined at the center of the diaphragm to tune the resonance of the harvester for the sake of scavenging low frequency vibrational energy. A receptance model was built to explain the vibrational behavior of the combined system. The resonance tuning and energy harvesting performance of the combination system was experimentally verified.

High-resolution quantification of root dynamics in split-nutrient rhizoslides reveals rapid and strong proliferation of maize roots in response to local high nitrogen

PubMed Central

in ‘t Zandt, Dina; Le Marié, Chantal; Kirchgessner, Norbert; Visser, Eric J.W.; Hund, Andreas

2015-01-01

The plant’s root system is highly plastic, and can respond to environmental stimuli such as high nitrogen (N) in patches. A root may respond to an N patch by selective placement of new lateral roots, and therewith increases root N uptake. This may be a desirable trait in breeding programmes, since it decreases NO3 - leaching and N2O emission. Roots of maize (Zea mays L.) were grown without N in split-nutrient rhizoslides. One side of the slides was exposed to high N after 15 d of root development, and root elongation was measured for another 15 d, described in a time course model and parameterized. The elongation rates of crown axile roots on the N-treated side of the plant followed a logistic increase to a maximum of 5.3cm d-1; 95% of the maximum were reached within 4 d. At the same time, on the untreated side, axile root elongation dropped linearly to 1.2cm d-1 within 6.4 d and stayed constant thereafter. Twice as many lateral roots were formed on the crown axis on the N side compared to the untreated side. Most strikingly, the elongation rates of laterals of the N side increased linearly with most of the roots reaching an asymptote ~8 d after start of the N treatment. By contrast, laterals on the side without N did not show any detectable elongation beyond the first day after their emergence. We conclude that split-nutrient rhizoslides have great potential to improve our knowledge about nitrogen responsiveness and selection for contrasting genotypes. PMID:26105997

Comparison of Transformer Winding Methods for Contactless Power Transfer Systems of Electric Vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaneko, Yasuyoshi; Ehara, Natsuki; Iwata, Takuya; Abe, Shigeru; Yasuda, Tomio; Ida, Kazuhiko

This paper describes the comparison of the characteristics of double- and single-sided windings of contactless power transfer systems used in electric vehicles. The self-inductance changes with the electric current when the gap length is fixed in single-sided windings. The issue is resolved by maintaining the secondary voltage constant. In the case of double-sided windings, the transformer can be miniaturized in comparison with the single-sided winding transformer. However, the coupling factor is small, and appropriate countermeasures must be adopted to reduce the back leakage flux. The leakage flux is reduced by placing an aluminum board behind the transformer. Thus, the coupling factor increases.

Intraoperative low-dose ketamine infusion reduces acute postoperative pain following total knee replacement surgery: a prospective, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

PubMed

Cengiz, Pelin; Gokcinar, Derya; Karabeyoglu, Isil; Topcu, Hulya; Cicek, Gizem Selen; Gogus, Nermin

2014-05-01

To evaluate the effect of intraoperative low-dose ketamine with general anesthesia on postoperative pain after total knee replacement surgery. A randomized, double-blind comparative study. Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, from January and June 2011. Sixty adults undergoing total knee arthroplasty were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups of equal size to receive either racemic ketamine infusion (6 μg/kg/minute) or the same volume of saline. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure each patient's level of pain at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Time to first analgesic request, postoperative morphine consumption and the incidence of side effects were also recorded. Low-dose ketamine infusion prolonged the time to first analgesic request. It also reduced postoperative cumulative morphine consumption at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours postsurgery (p < 0.001). Postoperative VAS scores were also significantly lower in the ketamine group than placebo, at all observation times. Incidences of side effects were similar in both study groups. Intraoperative continuous low-dose ketamine infusion reduced pain and postoperative analgesic consumption without affecting the incidence of side effects.

A versatile platform for precise synthesis of asymmetric molecular brush in one shot.

PubMed

Xu, Binbin; Feng, Chun; Huang, Xiaoyu

2017-08-24

Asymmetric molecular brushes emerge as a unique class of nanostructured polymers, while their versatile synthesis keeps a challenge for chemists. Here we show the synthesis of well-defined asymmetric molecular double-brushes comprising two different side chains linked to the same repeat unit along the backbone by one-pot concurrent atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Cu-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The double-brushes are based on a poly(Br-acrylate-alkyne) homopolymer possessing an alkynyl for CuAAC reaction and a 2-bromopropionate initiating group for ATRP in each repeat unit. The versatility of this one-shot approach is demonstrated by CuAAC reaction of alkynyl/poly(ethylene oxide)-N 3 and ATRP of various monomers. We also show the quantitative conversion of pentafluorophenyl ester groups to amide groups in side chains, allowing for the further fabrication of diverse building blocks. This work provides a versatile platform for facile synthesis of Janus-type double-brushes with structural and functional control, in a minimum number of reactions.Producing well-defined polymer compositions and structures facilitates their use in many different applications. Here the authors show the synthesis of well-defined asymmetric double-brushes by a one-pot concurrent atom transfer radical polymerization and Cu-catalyzed Click reaction.

Dexmedetomidine in the Supratentorial Craniotomy

PubMed Central

Ilhan, Osman; Koruk, Senem; Serin, Gokcen; Erkutlu, Ibrahim; Oner, Unsal

2010-01-01

Objective: In this double-blind prospective clinical study, we investigated the effects of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as adjuvant agents in supratentorial craniotomies on the following: hemodynamic changes during perioperative and recovery periods, brain edema perioperatively, recovery times and side effects, such as hypertension, shivering, nausea and vomiting. Materials and Methods: Thirty consenting ASA physical status I–II patients undergoing intracranial tumor surgery were randomly divided in two groups. In group D (n=15), dexmedetomidine was infused as a 1 μg/kg bolus dose 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia and maintained with 0.4–0.5 μg/kg/min during the operation. In group F (n=15), animals were given fentanyl 0.02 μg/kg/min as an infusion for anesthesia maintenance. At induction, fentanyl was given as a 2 μg/kg dose in group D and as a 4 μg/kg dose in group F. Hemodynamic changes, recovery times and postoperative side effects were recorded before induction, during the perioperative period and 24 hours postoperatively. Results: In group D; MAP and HR values after intubation, after skull clamp insertion and after extubation were lower than in group F (p<0.05). In group D, cerebral relaxation scores were also significantly lower. Recovery times were found to be shorter in group D as compared to group F; the same trend was observed for the supplemental opioid requirement. During the postoperative period, there was no shivering, nausea or vomiting in group D, but in group F, 3 patients complained of shivering, and 2 patients experienced nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: In our study, we found that dexmedetomidine controlled the hemodynamic changes better than fentanyl perioperatively, after extubation and during the early postoperative period. Our results suggest that that dexmedetomidine is safer and more effective in controlling hemodynamic changes during surgical stimulation than the standard agents used in neuroanesthesia. PMID:25610125

A client–server framework for 3D remote visualization of radiotherapy treatment space

PubMed Central

Santhanam, Anand P.; Min, Yugang; Dou, Tai H.; Kupelian, Patrick; Low, Daniel A.

2013-01-01

Radiotherapy is safely employed for treating wide variety of cancers. The radiotherapy workflow includes a precise positioning of the patient in the intended treatment position. While trained radiation therapists conduct patient positioning, consultation is occasionally required from other experts, including the radiation oncologist, dosimetrist, or medical physicist. In many circumstances, including rural clinics and developing countries, this expertise is not immediately available, so the patient positioning concerns of the treating therapists may not get addressed. In this paper, we present a framework to enable remotely located experts to virtually collaborate and be present inside the 3D treatment room when necessary. A multi-3D camera framework was used for acquiring the 3D treatment space. A client–server framework enabled the acquired 3D treatment room to be visualized in real-time. The computational tasks that would normally occur on the client side were offloaded to the server side to enable hardware flexibility on the client side. On the server side, a client specific real-time stereo rendering of the 3D treatment room was employed using a scalable multi graphics processing units (GPU) system. The rendered 3D images were then encoded using a GPU-based H.264 encoding for streaming. Results showed that for a stereo image size of 1280 × 960 pixels, experts with high-speed gigabit Ethernet connectivity were able to visualize the treatment space at approximately 81 frames per second. For experts remotely located and using a 100 Mbps network, the treatment space visualization occurred at 8–40 frames per second depending upon the network bandwidth. This work demonstrated the feasibility of remote real-time stereoscopic patient setup visualization, enabling expansion of high quality radiation therapy into challenging environments. PMID:23440605

Chemical probes of the conformation of DNA modified by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marrot, L.; Leng, M.

The purpose of this work was to analyze at the nucleotide level the distortions induced by the binding of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) to DNA by means of chemical probes. In order to test the chemical probes, experiments were first carried out on two platinated oligonucleotides. It has been verified by circular dichroism and gel electrophoresis that the binding of cis-DDP to an AG or to a GTG site within a double-stranded oligonucleotide distorts the double helix. The reactivity of the oligonucleotide platinated at the GTG site with chloroacetaldehyde, diethyl pyrocarbonate, and osmium tetraoxide, respectively, suggests a local denaturation of the doublemore » helix. The 5'G residue and the T residue within the adduct are no longer paired, while the 3'G residue is paired. The double helix is more distorted (but not denatured) at the 5' side of the adduct than at the 3' side. The reactivities of the chemical probes with six platinated DNA restriction fragments show that even at a relatively high level of platination only a few base pairs are unpaired but the double helix is largely distorted. No local denaturation has been detected at the GG sites separated from the nearest GG or AG sites by at least three base pairs. The AG sites separated from the nearest AG or GG sites by at least three base pairs do not denature the double helix locally when they are in the sequences puAG/pyTC. It is suggested that the distortion within these sequences is induced by adducts located further away along the DNA fragments, these sequences not being the major sites for the binding of cis-DDP.« less

The binding of terbium ions to tubulin induces ring formation.

PubMed

Monasterio, O; Acoria, M; Díaz, M A; Lagos, R

1993-02-01

The intrinsic fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of chicken brain tubulin showed the characteristic tryptophan fluorescence. The emission spectrum of Tb3+ in the presence of tubulin and GTP excited at 295 nm, showed four peaks, with the maxima at 490, 545, and 586 nm and a minor peak around 620 nm. Titration of tubulin with Tb3+ was followed by the increment in luminescence at 545 nm and showed a sigmoidal curve where the initial lag interval and the maximal luminescence intensity depended on tubulin concentration. The presence of Mg2+, Co2+, and Zn2+ diminished both the sigmoidicity of the curve and the maximal luminescence intensity. Titration of tubulin with Tb3+ also produced a sigmoidal increase in turbidity, which was shifted to the left with respect to the luminescence curve. The dependence of turbidity on the wavelength of the Tb(3+)-induced polymers revealed that the large structures formed were not microtubules. Electron microscopy of the aggregates induced by Tb3+ showed mainly a lattice of double rings with side-by-side contacts. These results indicate that Tb3+ induces principally double ring formation and that these rings (33 +/- 2 nm external diameter) aggregate in large-ordered arrays. The luminescence of Tb3+ seems to be induced mainly by the aggregation of rings.

Identification of doubly excited states in nonsequential double ionization of Ar in strong laser fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zhangjin; Li, Xiaojin; Sun, Xiaoli; Hao, Xiaolei; Chen, Jing

2017-12-01

We use the semiclassical model to study the intensity dependence of nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Ar in short strong laser pulses. The contributions to NSDI through sequential ionization of doubly excited states (SIDE) are identified by tracking the energy trajectories of the two outgoing electrons. The correlated electron momentum distributions are calculated from which the longitudinal momentum distributions of the fast and the slow electrons for the side-by-side and the back-to-back emissions are obtained. The simulated momentum distributions of the fast and the slow electrons for NSDI of Ar by linearly polarized fields with a wavelength of 795 nm at an intensity of 7 × 1013 W cm-2 are in good agreement with the experimental measurements of Liu et al (2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 013003). We demonstrate that the process of double ionization through SIDE dominates NSDI only when the laser intensities are below the recollision threshold; nevertheless, for higher intensities the SIDE process still takes place although the contribution to the NSDI yields decreases rapidly as the intensity increases. It has been found that for SIDE at different intensities, both the correlated electron momentum spectra and the momentum distributions of the fast and the slow electrons remain the same.

Why Nature Uses Radical SAM Enzymes so Widely: Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Studies of Lysine 2,3-Aminomutase Show the 5'-dAdo• "Free Radical" Is Never Free.

PubMed

Horitani, Masaki; Byer, Amanda S; Shisler, Krista A; Chandra, Tilak; Broderick, Joan B; Hoffman, Brian M

2015-06-10

Lysine 2,3-aminomutase (LAM) is a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzyme and, like other members of this superfamily, LAM utilizes radical-generating machinery comprising SAM anchored to the unique Fe of a [4Fe-4S] cluster via a classical five-membered N,O chelate ring. Catalysis is initiated by reductive cleavage of the SAM S-C5' bond, which creates the highly reactive 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical (5'-dAdo•), the same radical generated by homolytic Co-C bond cleavage in B12 radical enzymes. The SAM surrogate S-3',4'-anhydroadenosyl-L-methionine (anSAM) can replace SAM as a cofactor in the isomerization of L-α-lysine to L-β-lysine by LAM, via the stable allylic anhydroadenosyl radical (anAdo•). Here electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy of the anAdo• radical in the presence of (13)C, (2)H, and (15)N-labeled lysine completes the picture of how the active site of LAM from Clostridium subterminale SB4 "tames" the 5'-dAdo• radical, preventing it from carrying out harmful side reactions: this "free radical" in LAM is never free. The low steric demands of the radical-generating [4Fe-4S]/SAM construct allow the substrate target to bind adjacent to the S-C5' bond, thereby enabling the 5'-dAdo• radical created by cleavage of this bond to react with its partners by undergoing small motions, ∼0.6 Å toward the target and ∼1.5 Å overall, that are controlled by tight van der Waals contact with its partners. We suggest that the accessibility to substrate and ready control of the reactive C5' radical, with "van der Waals control" of small motions throughout the catalytic cycle, is common within the radical SAM enzyme superfamily and is a major reason why these enzymes are the preferred means of initiating radical reactions in nature.

Why Nature Uses Radical SAM Enzymes so Widely: Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Studies of Lysine 2,3-Aminomutase Show the 5′-dAdo• “Free Radical” Is Never Free

PubMed Central

Horitani, Masaki; Byer, Amanda S.; Shisler, Krista A.; Chandra, Tilak; Broderick, Joan B.; Hoffman, Brian M.

2015-01-01

Lysine 2,3-aminomutase (LAM) is a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzyme and, like other members of this superfamily, LAM utilizes radical-generating machinery comprising SAM anchored to the unique Fe of a [4Fe-4S] cluster via a classical five-membered N,O chelate ring. Catalysis is initiated by reductive cleavage of the SAM S–C5′ bond, which creates the highly reactive 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical (5′-dAdo•), the same radical generated by homolytic Co–C bond cleavage in B12 radical enzymes. The SAM surrogate S-3′,4′-anhydroadenosyl-L-methionine (anSAM) can replace SAM as a cofactor in the isomerization of L-α-lysine to L-β-lysine by LAM, via the stable allylic anhydroadenosyl radical (anAdo•). Here electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy of the anAdo• radical in the presence of 13C, 2H, and 15N-labeled lysine completes the picture of how the active site of LAM from Clostridium subterminale SB4 “tames” the 5′-dAdo• radical, preventing it from carrying out harmful side reactions: this “free radical” in LAM is never free. The low steric demands of the radical-generating [4Fe-4S]/SAM construct allow the substrate target to bind adjacent to the S–C5′ bond, thereby enabling the 5′-dAdo• radical created by cleavage of this bond to react with its partners by undergoing small motions, ~0.6 Å toward the target and ~1.5 Å overall, that are controlled by tight van der Waals contact with its partners. We suggest that the accessibility to substrate and ready control of the reactive C5′ radical, with “van der Waals control” of small motions throughout the catalytic cycle, is common within the radical SAM enzyme superfamily and is a major reason why these enzymes are the preferred means of initiating radical reactions in nature. PMID:25923449

DNA biosensing with 3D printing technology.

PubMed

Loo, Adeline Huiling; Chua, Chun Kiang; Pumera, Martin

2017-01-16

3D printing, an upcoming technology, has vast potential to transform conventional fabrication processes due to the numerous improvements it can offer to the current methods. To date, the employment of 3D printing technology has been examined for applications in the fields of engineering, manufacturing and biological sciences. In this study, we examined the potential of adopting 3D printing technology for a novel application, electrochemical DNA biosensing. Metal 3D printing was utilized to construct helical-shaped stainless steel electrodes which functioned as a transducing platform for the detection of DNA hybridization. The ability of electroactive methylene blue to intercalate into the double helix structure of double-stranded DNA was then exploited to monitor the DNA hybridization process, with its inherent reduction peak serving as an analytical signal. The designed biosensing approach was found to demonstrate superior selectivity against a non-complementary DNA target, with a detection range of 1-1000 nM.

CT-image-based conformal brachytherapy of breast cancer. The significance of semi-3-D and 3-D treatment planning.

PubMed

Polgár, C; Major, T; Somogyi, A; Takácsi-Nagy, Z; Mangel, L C; Forrai, G; Sulyok, Z; Fodor, J; Németh, G

2000-03-01

To compare the conventional 2-D, the simulator-guided semi-3-D and the recently developed CT-guided 3-D brachytherapy treatment planning in the interstitial radiotherapy of breast cancer. In 103 patients with T1-2, N0-1 breast cancer the tumor bed was clipped during breast conserving surgery. Fifty-two of them received boost brachytherapy after 46 to 50 Gy teletherapy and 51 patients were treated with brachytherapy alone via flexible implant tubes. Single, double and triple plane implant was used in 6, 89 and 8 cases, respectively. The dose of boost brachytherapy and sole brachytherapy prescribed to dose reference points was 3 times 4.75 Gy and 7 times 5.2 Gy, respectively. The positions of dose reference points varied according to the level (2-D, semi-3-D and 3-D) of treatment planning performed. The treatment planning was based on the 3-D reconstruction of the surgical clips, implant tubes and skin points. In all cases the implantations were planned with a semi-3-D technique aided by simulator. In 10 cases a recently developed CT-guided 3-D planning system was used. The semi-3-D and 3-D treatment plans were compared to hypothetical 2-D plans using dose-volume histograms and dose non-uniformity ratios. The values of mean central dose, mean skin dose, minimal clip dose, proportion of underdosaged clips and mean target surface dose were evaluated. The accuracy of tumor bed localization and the conformity of planning target volume and treated volume were also analyzed in each technique. With the help of conformal semi-3-D and 3-D brachytherapy planning we could define reference dose points, active source positions and dwell times individually. This technique decreased the mean skin dose with 22.2% and reduced the possibility of geographical miss. We could achieve the best conformity between the planning target volume and the treated volume with the CT-image based 3-D treatment planning, at the cost of worse dose homogeneity. The mean treated volume was reduced by 25.1% with semi-3-D planning, however, it was increased by 16.2% with 3-D planning, compared to the 2-D planning. The application of clips into the tumor bed and the conformal (semi-3-D and 3-D) planning help to avoid geographical miss. CT is suitable for 3-D brachytherapy planning. Better local control with less side effects might be achieved with these new techniques. Conformal 3-D brachytherapy calls for new treatment planning concepts, taking the irregular 3-D shape of the target volume into account. The routine clinical application of image-based 3-D brachytherapy is a real aim in the very close future.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Lick AGN monitoring 2011: light curves (Barth+, 2015)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barth, A. J.; Bennert, V. N.; Canalizo, G.; Filippenko, A. V.; Gates, E. L.; Greene, J. E.; Li, W.; Malkan, M. A.; Pancoast, A.; Sand, D. J.; Stern, D.; Treu, T.; Woo, J.-H.; Assef, R. J.; Bae, H.-J.; Brewer, B. J.; Cenko, S. B.; Clubb, K. I.; Cooper, M. C.; Diamond-Stanic, A. M.; Hiner, K. D.; Honig, S. F.; Hsiao, E.; Kandrashoff, M. T.; Lazarova, M. S.; Nierenberg, A. M.; Rex, J.; Silverman, J. M.; Tollerud, E. J.; Walsh, J. L.

2015-05-01

This project was allocated 69 nights at the Lick 3m Shane telescope, distributed between 2011 March 27 and June 13. Observations were conducted using the Kast double spectrograph (3440-5515Å on the blue side and 5410-8200Å on the red side). In order to extend our light curves for two AGNs, we also requested additional observations from other observers using the Kast spectrograph: Mrk 50 from 2011 January through March, and Zw 229-015 in June and July. For Zw 229-015, three additional observations were taken 20-23 days after the end of our main campaign. See section 3. (2 data files).

Development of Methods and Equipment for Sheet Stamping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Botashev, A. Yu; Bisilov, N. U.; Malsugenov, R. S.

2018-03-01

New methods of sheet stamping were developed: the gas forming with double-sided heating of a blank part and the gas molding with backpressure. In case of the first method the blank part is heated to the set temperature by means of a double-sided impact of combustion products of gas mixtures, after which, under the influence of gas pressure a stamping process is performed. In case of gas molding with backpressure, the blank part is heated to the set temperature by one-sided impact of the combustion products, while backpressure is created on the opposite side of the blank part by compressed air. In both methods the deformation takes place in the temperature range of warm or hot treatment due to the heating of a blank part. This allows one to form parts of complicated shape within one technological operation, which significantly reduces the cost of production. To implement these methods, original devices were designed and produced, which are new types of forging and stamping equipment. Using these devices, an experimental research on the stamping process was carried out and high-quality parts were obtained, which makes it possible to recommend the developed methods of stamping in the industrial production. Their application in small-scale production will allow one to reduce the cost price of stamped parts 2 or 3 times.

Involvement of hippocampal cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathways in a late memory consolidation phase of aversively motivated learning in rats

PubMed Central

Bernabeu, Ramon; Bevilaqua, Lia; Ardenghi, Patricia; Bromberg, Elke; Schmitz, Paulo; Bianchin, Marino; Izquierdo, Ivan; Medina, Jorge H.

1997-01-01

cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway has been recently proposed to participate in both the late phase of long term potentiation in the hippocampus and in the late, protein synthesis-dependent phase of memory formation. Here we report that a late memory consolidation phase of an inhibitory avoidance learning is regulated by an hippocampal cAMP signaling pathway that is activated, at least in part, by D1/D5 receptors. Bilateral infusion of SKF 38393 (7.5 μg/side), a D1/D5 receptor agonist, into the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus, enhanced retention of a step-down inhibitory avoidance when given 3 or 6 h, but not immediately (0 h) or 9 h, after training. In contrast, full retrograde amnesia was obtained when SCH 23390 (0.5 μg/side), a D1/D5 receptor antagonist, was infused into the hippocampus 3 or 6 h after training. Intrahippocampal infusion of 8Br-cAMP (1.25 μg/side), or forskolin (0.5 μg/side), an activator of adenylyl cyclase, enhanced memory when given 3 or 6 h after training. KT5720 (0.5 μg/side), a specific inhibitor of PKA, hindered memory consolidation when given immediately or 3 or 6 h posttraining. Rats submitted to the avoidance task showed learning-specific increases in hippocampal 3H-SCH 23390 binding and in the endogenous levels of cAMP 3 and 6 h after training. In addition, PKA activity and P-CREB (phosphorylated form of cAMP responsive element binding protein) immunoreactivity increased in the hippocampus immediately and 3 and 6 h after training. Together, these findings suggest that the late phase of memory consolidation of an inhibitory avoidance is modulated cAMP/PKA signaling pathways in the hippocampus. PMID:9192688

A novel double-convection chaotic attractor, its adaptive control and circuit simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mamat, M.; Vaidyanathan, S.; Sambas, A.; Mujiarto; Sanjaya, W. S. M.; Subiyanto

2018-03-01

A 3-D novel double-convection chaotic system with three nonlinearities is proposed in this research work. The dynamical properties of the new chaotic system are described in terms of phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, dissipativity, stability analysis of equilibria, etc. Adaptive control and synchronization of the new chaotic system with unknown parameters are achieved via nonlinear controllers and the results are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Furthermore, an electronic circuit realization of the new 3-D novel chaotic system is presented in detail. Finally, the circuit experimental results of the 3-D novel chaotic attractor show agreement with the numerical simulations.

Enhanced photocatalytic properties of the 3D flower-like Mg-Al layered double hydroxides decorated with Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} under visible light illumination

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ao, Yanhui, E-mail: andyao@hhu.edu.cn; Wang, Dandan; Wang, Peifang

Highlights: • 3D flower-like Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3}/Mg-Al layered double hydroxide composite was prepared. • The nanocomposites exhibited high photocatalytic activities on different organic pollutants. • The mechanism of the enhanced activity were investigated. - Abstract: A facile anion-exchange precipitation method was employed to synthesize 3D flower-like Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3}/Mg-Al layered double hydroxide composite photocatalyst. Results showed that Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} nanoparticles dispersed uniformly on the petals of the flower-like Mg-Al LDH. The obtained nanocomposites exhibited high photocatalytic activities on different organic pollutants (cationic and anionic dyes, phenol) under visible light illumination. The high photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to themore » special structure which accomplishes the wide-distribution of Ag{sub 2}CO{sub 3} nanoparticles on the surfaces of the 3D flower-like nanocomposites. Therefore, it can provide much more active sites for the degradation of organic pollutant. Then the photocatalytic mechanism was also verified by reactive species trapping experiments in detail. The work would pave a facile way to prepare LDHs based hierarchical photocatalysts with high activity for the degradation of wide range organic pollutants under visible light irradiation.« less

Low Noise Double-Sided Silicon Strip Detector for Multiple-Compton Gamma-ray Telescope

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tajima, Hiroyasu

2002-12-03

A Semiconductor Multiple-Compton Telescope (SMCT) is being developed to explore the gamma-ray universe in an energy band 0.1-20 MeV, which is not well covered by the present or near-future gamma-ray telescopes. The key feature of the SMCT is the high energy resolution that is crucial for high angular resolution and high background rejection capability. We have developed prototype modules for a low noise Double-sided Silicon Strip Detector (DSSD) system which is an essential element of the SMCT. The geometry of the DSSD is optimized to achieve the lowest noise possible. A new front-end VLSI device optimized for low noise operationmore » is also developed. We report on the design and test results of the prototype system. We have reached an energy resolution of 1.3 keV (FWHM) for 60 keV and 122 keV at 0 C.« less

Fabrication of large area Si cylindric drift detectors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, W.; Kraner, H.W.; Li, Z.

1993-04-01

Advanced Si drift detector, a large area cylindrical drift detector (CDD), processing steps, with the exception of the ion implantation, were carried out in the BNL class 100 cleanroom. The double-side planer process technique was developed for the fabrication of CDD. Important improvements of the double-side planer process in this fabrication are the introduction of Al implantation protection mask and the remaining of a 1000 Angstroms oxide layer in the p-window during the implantation. Another important design of the CDD is the structure called ``river,`` which ,allows the current generated on Si-SiO{sub 2} interface to ``flow`` into the guard anode,more » and thus can minimize the leakage current at the signed anode. The test result showed that most of the signal anodes have the leakage current about 0.3 nA/cm{sup 2} for the best detector.« less

Phase transformation of Ca-perovskite in MORB at D" region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishitani, N.; Ohtani, E.; Sakai, T.; Kamada, S.; Miyahara, M.; Hirao, N.

2012-12-01

Seismological studies indicate the presence of seismic anomalies in the Earth's deep interior. To investigate the anomaly, the physical property of the major minerals in lower mantle such as MgSiO3-perovskite, MgSiO3 post-perovskite and MgO periclase were studied well. Other candidate, CaSiO3 perovskite (Ca-perovskite) exists in peridotitic mantle and basaltic oceanic crust (mid-ocean ridge basalt; MORB). Previous studies indicate the abundance of Ca-perovskite is up to ~9 vol.% in the pyrolite mantle and ~24 vol.% in the MORB oceanic crust. However, the pressure range of previous works are still not enough to understand the D" region. In this study, natural MORB was compressed in double sided laser heated DAC. Au was used as a pressure maker and a laser absorber. NaCl was used as the thermal insulator and pressure medium. The phase relation of Ca-perovskite in MORB was investigated from 36 to 156 GPa and 300 to 2600 K by the in situ X-ray diffraction measurements at SPring-8 (BL10XU). The transition of Ca-perovskite from a tetragonal structure to a cubic structure occurred at about 1800 K up to about 100 GPa and below 1500 K at pressures above 100 GPa. This suggests that the tetragonal-cubic transition of Ca-perovskite could occur in MORB, associating with Al2O3 contents. The present results suggest that the seismic anomaly at D" layer could be caused by the transition in Ca-perovskite.

A randomised controlled trial of bumetanide in the treatment of autism in children

PubMed Central

Lemonnier, E; Degrez, C; Phelep, M; Tyzio, R; Josse, F; Grandgeorge, M; Hadjikhani, N; Ben-Ari, Y

2012-01-01

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated synapses and the oscillations they orchestrate are altered in autism. GABA-acting benzodiazepines exert in some patients with autism paradoxical effects, raising the possibility that like in epilepsies, GABA excites neurons because of elevated intracellular concentrations of chloride. Following a successful pilot study,1 we have now performed a double-blind clinical trial using the diuretic, chloride-importer antagonist bumetanide that reduces intracellular chloride reinforcing GABAergic inhibition. Sixty children with autism or Asperger syndrome (3–11 years old) received for 3 months placebo or bumetanide (1 mg daily), followed by 1-month wash out. Determination of the severity of autism was made with video films at day 0 (D0) and D90 by blind, independent evaluators. Bumetanide reduced significantly the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (D90−D0; P<0.004 treated vs placebo), Clinical Global Impressions (P<0.017 treated vs placebo) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule values when the most severe cases (CARS values above the mean±s.d.; n=9) were removed (Wilcoxon test: P-value=0.031; Student's t-test: P-value=0.017). Side effects were restricted to an occasional mild hypokalaemia (3.0–3.5 mM l−1 K+) that was treated with supplemental potassium. In a companion study, chronic bumetanide treatment significantly improved accuracy in facial emotional labelling, and increased brain activation in areas involved in social and emotional perception (Hadjikhani et al., submitted). Therefore, bumetanide is a promising novel therapeutic agent to treat autism. Larger trials are warranted to better determine the population best suited for this treatment. PMID:23233021

Electrical-assisted double side incremental forming and processes thereof

DOEpatents

Roth, John; Cao, Jian

2014-06-03

A process for forming a sheet metal component using an electric current passing through the component is provided. The process can include providing a double side incremental forming machine, the machine operable to perform a plurality of double side incremental deformations on the sheet metal component and also apply an electric direct current to the sheet metal component during at least part of the forming. The direct current can be applied before or after the forming has started and/or be terminated before or after the forming has stopped. The direct current can be applied to any portion of the sheet metal. The electrical assistance can reduce the magnitude of force required to produce a given amount of deformation, increase the amount of deformation exhibited before failure and/or reduce any springback typically exhibited by the sheet metal component.

Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Side-Effects after Antimuscarinic Treatment for Overactive Bladder.

PubMed

Kim, Aram; Lee, Kyu-Sung; Jung, Rangrhee; Na, Selee; Kim, Joon-Chul; Kim, Hyeong Gon; Choo, Myung-Soo

2017-09-01

Drug therapy is the mainstay of treatment for overactive bladder (OAB), but antimuscarinic agents possess side-effects. These side-effects decrease the patients' quality of life. We therefore assessed the impact of side-effects on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) through an analysis of EQ-5D questionnaire. This study was designed to investigate the patients' satisfaction by quality weight of health status as affected by the side-effects of OAB medications. Patients who had OAB symptoms lasting longer than 3 months and have experienced side-effects after any antimuscarinic treatments filled in the EQ-5D questionnaire. The enrolled patients had two EQ-5D questionnaires for two different health statuses, i.e., presence or absence of side-effects. Quality weight was calculated using the ED-5D health status score with Korean tariff. One hundred patients were enrolled and completed the HR-QoL questionnaire. The most prevalent side-effect was dry mouth (61%) and 28% patients had dry mouth and constipation concurrently. Most of the patients with side-effects tried to endure and overcome these side-effects (79%), but 10% desired a change in medication, and 6% stopped medication altogether. The quality weight of EQ-5D without side-effects was 0.863, while the quality weight with side-effects was 0.666 (P < 0.001). The VAS score was 79 in patient without side-effects and 57 in those with side-effects, supporting the results of quality weight assessment. Overactive bladder patients may enjoy a better quality of life if side-effects associated with antimuscarinic therapy are fewer. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Double-sided anodic titania nanotube arrays: a lopsided growth process.

PubMed

Sun, Lidong; Zhang, Sam; Sun, Xiao Wei; Wang, Xiaoyan; Cai, Yanli

2010-12-07

In the past decade, the pore diameter of anodic titania nanotubes was reported to be influenced by a number of factors in organic electrolyte, for example, applied potential, working distance, water content, and temperature. All these were closely related to potential drop in the organic electrolyte. In this work, the essential role of electric field originating from the potential drop was directly revealed for the first time using a simple two-electrode anodizing method. Anodic titania nanotube arrays were grown simultaneously at both sides of a titanium foil, with tube length being longer at the front side than that at the back side. This lopsided growth was attributed to the higher ionic flux induced by electric field at the front side. Accordingly, the nanotube length was further tailored to be comparable at both sides by modulating the electric field. These results are promising to be used in parallel configuration dye-sensitized solar cells, water splitting, and gas sensors, as a result of high surface area produced by the double-sided architecture.

Bi-directional vibration control of offshore wind turbines using a 3D pendulum tuned mass damper

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, C.; Jahangiri, V.

2018-05-01

Offshore wind turbines suffer from excessive bi-directional vibrations due to wind-wave misalignment and vortex induced vibrations. However, most of existing research focus on unidirectional vibration attenuation which is inadequate for real applications. The present paper proposes a three dimensional pendulum tuned mass damper (3d-PTMD) to mitigate the tower and nacelle dynamic response in the fore-aft and side-side directions. An analytical model of the wind turbine coupled with the 3d-PTMD is established wherein the interaction between the blades, the tower and the 3d-PTMD is modeled. Aerodynamic loading is computed using the Blade Element Momentum method where the Prandtls tip loss factor and the Glauert correction are considered. JONSWAP spectrum is adopted to generate wave data. Wave loading is computed using Morisons equation in collaboration with the strip theory. Via a numerical search approach, the design formula of the 3d-PTMD is obtained and examined on a National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) monopile 5 MW baseline wind turbine model under misaligned wind, wave and seismic loading. Dual linear tuned mass dampers (TMDs) deployed in the fore-aft and side-side directions are utilized for comparison. It is found that the 3d-PTMD with a mass ratio of 2 % can improve the mitigation of the root mean square and peak response by around 10 % when compared with the dual linear TMDs in controlling the bi-directional vibration of the offshore wind turbines under misaligned wind, wave and seismic loading.

A wide-band 760-GHz planar integrated Schottky receiver

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gearhart, Steven S.; Hesler, Jeffrey; Bishop, William L.; Crowe, Thomas W.; Rebeiz, Gabriel M.

1993-01-01

A wideband planar integrated heterodyne receiver has been developed for use at submillimeter-wave to FIR frequencies. The receiver consists of a log-periodic antenna integrated with a planar 0.8-micron GaAs Schottky diode. The monolithic receiver is placed on a silicon lens and has a measured room temperature double side-band conversion loss and noise temperature of 14.9 +/- 1.0 dB and 8900 +/- 500 K, respectively, at 761 GHz. These results represent the best performance to date for room temperature integrated receivers at this frequency.

High-resolution and Fast-response Fiber-optic Temperature Sensor Using Silicon Fabry-Perot Cavity

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-23

silver diaphragm,” Opt. Lett. 37(9), 1505–1507 (2012). 18. I. M. White and X. D. Fan , “On the performance quantification of resonant refractive index...to the response time, the package of a FBG with a copper tube encapsulation can greatly reduce the response time of the sensor from several seconds...head shown in Fig. 1(b) are described in Fig. 2. The fabrication started with bonding a 200-µm-thick double-side-polished silicon wafer on top of

D-Side: A Facility and Workforce Planning Group Multi-criteria Decision Support System for Johnson Space Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tavana, Madjid

2005-01-01

"To understand and protect our home planet, to explore the universe and search for life, and to inspire the next generation of explorers" is NASA's mission. The Systems Management Office at Johnson Space Center (JSC) is searching for methods to effectively manage the Center's resources to meet NASA's mission. D-Side is a group multi-criteria decision support system (GMDSS) developed to support facility decisions at JSC. D-Side uses a series of sequential and structured processes to plot facilities in a three-dimensional (3-D) graph on the basis of each facility alignment with NASA's mission and goals, the extent to which other facilities are dependent on the facility, and the dollar value of capital investments that have been postponed at the facility relative to the facility replacement value. A similarity factor rank orders facilities based on their Euclidean distance from Ideal and Nadir points. These similarity factors are then used to allocate capital improvement resources across facilities. We also present a parallel model that can be used to support decisions concerning allocation of human resources investments across workforce units. Finally, we present results from a pilot study where 12 experienced facility managers from NASA used D-Side and the organization's current approach to rank order and allocate funds for capital improvement across 20 facilities. Users evaluated D-Side favorably in terms of ease of use, the quality of the decision-making process, decision quality, and overall value-added. Their evaluations of D-Side were significantly more favorable than their evaluations of the current approach. Keywords: NASA, Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Decision Support System, AHP, Euclidean Distance, 3-D Modeling, Facility Planning, Workforce Planning.

Effect of Game Design, Goal Type, and Player Numbers on the Physiological and Physical Demands of Hurling-Specific Small-Sided Games.

PubMed

Malone, Shane; Collins, Kieran D

2017-06-01

The current study examined the effect that game design modification, goal type, and player numbers on the running performance and physiological demands of small-sided hurling games (SSG). Forty-eight hurling players (age, 25.5 ± 3.2 years; height, 178.9 ± 3.2 cm; body mass, 78.5 ± 4.5 kg) performed 4 types of SSG (possession [P], normal play [NP], regular goals [RG] and small goals [SG]) in 4-a-side, 5-a-side, and 6-a-side formats. Heart rate (Polar Electro Oy) and global positioning system technology (VX Sport, 4-Hz, Lower Hutt) were used to analyze the physical and physiological differences between SSG. Total distance (m), high-speed running distance (m) (≥17 km·h), very-high speed running distance (≥22 km·h) (m), peak and mean velocity (km·h) were analyzed as an indicator of the physical demands of play. The 4-a-side SSG independent of game design and goal type resulted in a significantly higher relative exercise intensity compared with 5-a-side (mean change: 6 ± 2%; p = 0.001; d = 1.9 ± 0.2; large) and 6-a-side SSG independent of game design or goal type (mean change: 12 ± 2%; p = 0.001; d = 2.9 ± 0.8; very large). The 4-a-side SG (619 ± 106-m [419-735-m]) resulted in the highest distance when compared with all PP (mean change: 141 ± 9 m; p = 0.05; d = 1.9 ± 0.3; moderate) and RG (mean change: 119 ± 39 m; p = 0.004; d = 2.1 ± 0.8; large). Similar trends were observed for 5-a-side and 6-a-side games with SG resulting in increased total running performance. In conclusion, the current observations reveal that 4-a-side NP, SG, and RG have the highest physiological demands with 4-a-side SG having increased running performance in contrast to other game design and goal-type games. Furthermore, independent of game design and goal type, 4-a-side SSG show increased relative intensity compared with 5-a-side and 6-a-side SSG.

Efficacy of Pneumococcal Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Young Latin American Children: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Tregnaghi, Miguel W.; Sáez-Llorens, Xavier; López, Pio; Abate, Hector; Smith, Enrique; Pósleman, Adriana; Calvo, Arlene; Wong, Digna; Cortes-Barbosa, Carlos; Ceballos, Ana; Tregnaghi, Marcelo; Sierra, Alexandra; Rodriguez, Mirna; Troitiño, Marisol; Carabajal, Carlos; Falaschi, Andrea; Leandro, Ana; Castrejón, Maria Mercedes; Lepetic, Alejandro; Lommel, Patricia; Hausdorff, William P.; Borys, Dorota; Guiñazú, Javier Ruiz; Ortega-Barría, Eduardo; Yarzábal, Juan P.; Schuerman, Lode

2014-01-01

Background The relationship between pneumococcal conjugate vaccine–induced antibody responses and protection against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute otitis media (AOM) is unclear. This study assessed the impact of the ten-valent pneumococcal nontypable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) on these end points. The primary objective was to demonstrate vaccine efficacy (VE) in a per-protocol analysis against likely bacterial CAP (B-CAP: radiologically confirmed CAP with alveolar consolidation/pleural effusion on chest X-ray, or non-alveolar infiltrates and C-reactive protein ≥ 40 µg/ml); other protocol-specified outcomes were also assessed. Methods and Findings This phase III double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted between 28 June 2007 and 28 July 2011 in Argentine, Panamanian, and Colombian populations with good access to health care. Approximately 24,000 infants received PHiD-CV or hepatitis control vaccine (hepatitis B for primary vaccination, hepatitis A at booster) at 2, 4, 6, and 15–18 mo of age. Interim analysis of the primary end point was planned when 535 first B-CAP episodes, occurring ≥2 wk after dose 3, were identified in the per-protocol cohort. After a mean follow-up of 23 mo (PHiD-CV, n = 10,295; control, n = 10,201), per-protocol VE was 22.0% (95% CI: 7.7, 34.2; one-sided p = 0.002) against B-CAP (conclusive for primary objective) and 25.7% (95% CI: 8.4%, 39.6%) against World Health Organization–defined consolidated CAP. Intent-to-treat VE was 18.2% (95% CI: 5.5%, 29.1%) against B-CAP and 23.4% (95% CI: 8.8%, 35.7%) against consolidated CAP. End-of-study per-protocol analyses were performed after a mean follow-up of 28–30 mo for CAP and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (PHiD-CV, n = 10,211; control, n = 10,140) and AOM (n = 3,010 and 2,979, respectively). Per-protocol VE was 16.1% (95% CI: −1.1%, 30.4%; one-sided p = 0.032) against clinically confirmed AOM, 67.1% (95% CI: 17.0%, 86.9%) against vaccine serotype clinically confirmed AOM, 100% (95% CI: 74.3%, 100%) against vaccine serotype IPD, and 65.0% (95% CI: 11.1%, 86.2%) against any IPD. Results were consistent between intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. Serious adverse events were reported for 21.5% (95% CI: 20.7%, 22.2%) and 22.6% (95% CI: 21.9%, 23.4%) of PHiD-CV and control recipients, respectively. There were 19 deaths (n = 11,798; 0.16%) in the PHiD-CV group and 26 deaths (n = 11,799; 0.22%) in the control group. A significant study limitation was the lower than expected number of captured AOM cases. Conclusions Efficacy was demonstrated against a broad range of pneumococcal diseases commonly encountered in young children in clinical practice. Trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00466947 Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary PMID:24892763

3. SOUTH SIDE OF BUILDING 724. VIEW TO NORTH. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. SOUTH SIDE OF BUILDING 724. VIEW TO NORTH. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Pesticide Incinerator-Precipitator, 260 feet South of December Seventh Avenue; 1840 feet East of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

Numerical modeling of the sound fields in urban squares

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Jian

2005-06-01

This paper studies the basic characteristics of sound fields in urban squares surrounded by reflecting building façades and the effectiveness of architectural changes and urban design options. A radiosity model and an image source model are developed, and a parametric study is carried out in hypothetical squares. The results show that the reverberation time (RT) is rather even in a square, whereas the early decay time (EDT) is very low in the near field, and then becomes close to RT after a rapid increase. Compared to diffuse boundaries, with geometrical boundaries the RT and EDT are significantly longer and the sound pressure level (SPL) attenuation with distance is generally smaller unless the height/side ratio is high. With a boundary diffusion coefficient of 0.2, the sound field is already close to that resulting from purely diffusely reflecting boundaries. The SPL in far field is typically 6-9 dB lower if the square side is doubled; 8 dB lower if the height of building façades is decreased from 50 m to 6 m (diffuse boundaries); 5 dB (diffuse boundaries) or 2 dB (geometrical boundaries) lower if the length/width ratio is increased from 1 to 4; and 10-12 dB lower if the boundary absorption coefficient is increased from 0.1 to 0.9. .

Numerical modeling of the sound fields in urban squares.

PubMed

Kang, Jian

2005-06-01

This paper studies the basic characteristics of sound fields in urban squares surrounded by reflecting building façades and the effectiveness of architectural changes and urban design options. A radiosity model and an image source model are developed, and a parametric study is carried out in hypothetical squares. The results show that the reverberation time (RT) is rather even in a square, whereas the early decay time (EDT) is very low in the near field, and then becomes close to RT after a rapid increase. Compared to diffuse boundaries, with geometrical boundaries the RT and EDT are significantly longer and the sound pressure level (SPL) attenuation with distance is generally smaller unless the height/side ratio is high. With a boundary diffusion coefficient of 0.2, the sound field is already close to that resulting from purely diffusely reflecting boundaries. The SPL in far field is typically 6-9 dB lower if the square side is doubled; 8 dB lower if the height of building façades is decreased from 50 m to 6 m (diffuse boundaries); 5 dB (diffuse boundaries) or 2 dB (geometrical boundaries) lower if the length/width ratio is increased from 1 to 4; and 10-12 dB lower if the boundary absorption coefficient is increased from 0.1 to 0.9.

Dopamine D3/D2 Receptor Antagonist PF-4363467 Attenuates Opioid Drug-Seeking Behavior without Concomitant D2 Side Effects.

PubMed

Wager, Travis T; Chappie, Thomas; Horton, David; Chandrasekaran, Ramalakshmi Y; Samas, Brian; Dunn-Sims, Elizabeth R; Hsu, Cathleen; Nawreen, Nawshaba; Vanase-Frawley, Michelle A; O'Connor, Rebecca E; Schmidt, Christopher J; Dlugolenski, Keith; Stratman, Nancy C; Majchrzak, Mark J; Kormos, Bethany L; Nguyen, David P; Sawant-Basak, Aarti; Mead, Andy N

2017-01-18

Dopamine receptor antagonism is a compelling molecular target for the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. From our corporate compound file, we identified a structurally unique D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist scaffold, 1. Through a hybrid approach, we merged key pharmacophore elements from 1 and D3 agonist 2 to yield the novel D3R/D2R antagonist PF-4363467 (3). Compound 3 was designed to possess CNS drug-like properties as defined by its CNS MPO desirability score (≥4/6). In addition to good physicochemical properties, 3 exhibited low nanomolar affinity for the D3R (D3 K i = 3.1 nM), good subtype selectivity over D2R (D2 K i = 692 nM), and high selectivity for D3R versus other biogenic amine receptors. In vivo, 3 dose-dependently attenuated opioid self-administration and opioid drug-seeking behavior in a rat operant reinstatement model using animals trained to self-administer fentanyl. Further, traditional extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), adverse side effects arising from D2R antagonism, were not observed despite high D2 receptor occupancy (RO) in rodents, suggesting that compound 3 has a unique in vivo profile. Collectively, our data support further investigation of dual D3R and D2R antagonists for the treatment of drug addiction.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine treatment for elderly patients with dysthymic disorder.

PubMed

Devanand, D P; Nobler, Mitchell S; Cheng, Jocelyn; Turret, Nancy; Pelton, Gregory H; Roose, Steven P; Sackeim, Harold A

2005-01-01

The authors compared the efficacy and side effects of fluoxetine and placebo in elderly outpatients with dysthymic disorder. Patients were randomly assigned to fluoxetine (20 mg-60 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks in a double-blind trial. Of 90 randomized patients, 71 completed the trial. In the intent-to-treat sample, random regression analyses of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D; 24-item) and Cornell Dysthymia Rating Scale (CDRS) scores at each visit produced significant time x treatment group interactions favoring the fluoxetine group. Analysis of percentage change in Ham-D scores yielded no effect for treatment group, but a similar analysis of percentage change in CDRS scores yielded a main effect for treatment group, favoring fluoxetine over placebo. In the intent-to-treat sample, response rates were 27.3% for fluoxetine and 19.6% for placebo. In the completer sample, response rates were 37.5% for fluoxetine and 23.1% for placebo. Fluoxetine had limited efficacy in elderly dysthymic patients. The clinical features of elderly dysthymic patients are typically distinct from those of dysthymic disorder in young adults, and the findings suggest that treatments effective for young adult dysthymic patients may not be as useful in elderly dysthymic patients. Further research is needed to identify efficacious treatments for elderly patients with dysthymic disorder, and investigative tools such as electronic/computerized brain scans and neuropsychological testing may help identify the factors that moderate antidepressant treatment response and resistance.

Engineered cytidine triphosphate synthetase with reduced product inhibition.

PubMed

Zhu, Mengzhu; Sun, Wujin; Wang, Yan; Meng, Jie; Zhang, Dalu; Guo, Ting; Ouyang, Pingkai; Ying, Hanjie; Xie, Jingjing

2014-07-01

Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) synthetase (CTPS) (EC number 6.3.4.2) is a key enzyme involved in de novo synthesis of CTP. It catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the process due to the product inhibition effects on the enzyme. In this study, a novel CTPS from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 (CgCTPS) was cloned, expressed and characterized. A series of mutagenesis in its N-terminal ammonia ligase (ALase) domain was performed in order to reduce CTP product inhibition. All single mutation variants (D160E, E162A, E168K) lowered product inhibition by lowering the enzyme's binding affinity for CTP. The homology model of CgCTPS showed that D160E mutant caused steric hindrance for the pyrimidine ring of CTP stacking, E162A disrupted the hydrogen bond between CTP ribose and side chain and D168K caused minor localized structure perturbations of CTP binding pocket. The triple mutant of CTPS (D160E-E162A-E168K) with halved Km, doubled Vmax and the 23.5-fold increased IC50 for CTP shows a potential for use in industrial-scale CTP production by its better performance in enzyme kinetics and product inhibition. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Excitation basis for (3+1)d topological phases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delcamp, Clement

2017-12-01

We consider an exactly solvable model in 3+1 dimensions, based on a finite group, which is a natural generalization of Kitaev's quantum double model. The corresponding lattice Hamiltonian yields excitations located at torus-boundaries. By cutting open the three-torus, we obtain a manifold bounded by two tori which supports states satisfying a higher-dimensional version of Ocneanu's tube algebra. This defines an algebraic structure extending the Drinfel'd double. Its irreducible representations, labeled by two fluxes and one charge, characterize the torus-excitations. The tensor product of such representations is introduced in order to construct a basis for (3+1)d gauge models which relies upon the fusion of the defect excitations. This basis is defined on manifolds of the form Σ × S_1 , with Σ a two-dimensional Riemann surface. As such, our construction is closely related to dimensional reduction from (3+1)d to (2+1)d topological orders.

Reduction of chemotherapy-induced febrile leucopenia by prophylactic use of ciprofloxacin and roxithromycin in small-cell lung cancer patients: an EORTC double-blind placebo-controlled phase III study.

PubMed

Tjan-Heijnen, V C; Postmus, P E; Ardizzoni, A; Manegold, C H; Burghouts, J; van Meerbeeck, J; Gans, S; Mollers, M; Buchholz, E; Biesma, B; Legrand, C; Debruyne, C; Giaccone, G

2001-10-01

CDE (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide) is one of the standard chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), with myelosuppression as dose-limiting toxicity. In this trial the impact of prophylactic antibiotics on incidence of febrile leucopenia (FL) during chemotherapy for SCLC was evaluated. Patients with chemo-naïve SCLC were randomized to standard-dose CDE (C 1,000 mg/m2 day 1, D 45 mg/m2 day 1, E 100 mg/m2 days 1-3. i.v., q 3 weeks, x5) or to intensified CDE chemotherapy (125% dose, q 2 weeks, x4, with filgrastim 5 microg/kg/day days 4-13) to assess the impact on survival (n = 240 patients). Patients were also randomized to prophylactic antibiotics (ciprofloxacin 750 mg plus roxithromycin 150 mg, bid. days 4-13) or to placebo in a 2 x 2 factorial design (first 163 patients). This manuscript focuses on the antibiotics question. The incidence of FL during the first cycle was 25% of patients in the placebo and 11% in the antibiotics arm (P = 0.010; 1-sided), with an overall incidence through all cycles of 43% vs. 24% respectively (P = 0.007; 1-sided). There were less Gram-positive (12 vs. 4), Gram-negative (20 vs. 5) and clinically documented (38 vs. 15) infections in the antibiotics arm. The use of therapeutic antibiotics was reduced (P = 0.013; 1-sided), with less hospitalizations due to FL (31 vs. 17 patients, P = 0.013: 1-sided). However, the overall number of days of hospitalization was not reduced (P = 0.05; 1-sided). The number of infectious deaths was nil in the antibiotics vs. five (6%) in the placebo arm (P = 0.022; 2-sided). Prophylactic ciprofloxacin plus roxithromycin during CDE chemotherapy reduced the incidence of FL, the number of infections, the use of therapeutic antibiotics and hospitalizations due to FL by approximately 50%, with reduced number of infectious deaths. For patients with similar risk for FL, the prophylactic use of antibiotics should be considered.

An 8-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of 3 Vilazodone Dose-Initiation Strategies Following Switch From SSRIs and SNRIs in Major Depressive Disorder

PubMed Central

Rele, Shilpa; Millet, Robert; Kim, Sungman; Paik, Jong-Woo; Kim, Seonghwan; Masand, Prakash S.

2015-01-01

Introduction: Vilazodone, a selective and potent 5-HT1A partial agonist and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, has been approved for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. The primary objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of switching to 3 different doses of vilazodone from an equivalent dose range of generic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in adult subjects with MDD. Method: This was an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, 3-arm trial to compare vilazodone 10 mg/d, 20 mg/d, and 40 mg/d as starting doses. Data were collected from December 2012 to December 2013. There was no washout phase, prior medications were stopped at the baseline visit, and vilazodone was started the next day in adults with MDD (DSM-IV criteria). The 10-mg/d and 20-mg/d dose was increased to 40 mg/d by week 3 and week 1, respectively, and the 40-mg/d initiation dose continued unchanged. The primary efficacy measure was change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score between the 3 dose groups. The secondary efficacy measures were changes in Clinical Global Impressions–Severity (CGI-S), CGI-Improvement (CGI-I), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) scores. Safety measures were obtained by spontaneously reported adverse events, vital signs recording, and laboratory tests. Multivariate tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Seventy subjects were randomized, and 60 subjects completed the study (n = 20 in each group). Overall, there was a significant reduction in MADRS score from baseline (26.08 ± 1.1) to week 8 (9.86 ± 1.2) in the entire sample (P < .001). Similarly, there was a significant improvement in CGI-S (P < .001), CGI-I (P < .001) and HDRS (P < .001) scores from baseline to the end of the trial. There were no significant differences between the 3 vilazodone dose-initiation groups in changes in MADRS scores (P = .95) or changes in CGI-S (P = .83), CGI-I (P = .51), or HARS scores (P = .61). Dry mouth (n = 55), nausea (n = 10), and diarrhea (n = 5) were the most common side effects, with diarrhea reported in 5 subjects in the 40-mg/d initiation group. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: The present study indicates the potential benefit of switching to vilazodone in patients with MDD who are inadequate responders to SSRIs or SNRIs. There were no meaningful differences in efficacy or tolerability between the 3 different dose-initiation strategies with vilazodone; however, diarrhea appeared to be more frequently reported with the 40-mg/d dose. Given the modest sample size, larger studies are required to confirm our findings. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02015546 and NCT01473381 PMID:26693034

Comparison of three-dimensional vs. conventional radiotherapy in saving optic tract in paranasal sinus tumors.

PubMed

Kamian, S; Kazemian, A; Esfahani, M; Mohammadi, E; Aghili, M

2010-01-01

To assess the possibility of delivering a homogeneous irradiation with respect to maximal tolerated dose to the optic pathway for paranasal sinus (PNS) tumors. Treatment planning with conformal three-dimensional (3D) and conventional two-dimensional (2D) was done on CT scans of 20 patients who had early or advanced PNS tumors. Four cases had been previously irradiated. Dose-volume histograms (DVH) for the planning target volume (PTV) and the visual pathway including globes, chiasma and optic nerves were compared between the 2 treatment plannings. The area under curve (AUC) in the DVH of the globes on the same side and contralateral side of tumor involvement was significantly higher in 2D planning (p <0.05), which caused higher integral dose to both globes. Also, the AUC in the DVH of chiasma was higher in 2D treatment planning (p=0.002). The integral dose to the contralateral optic nerve was significantly lower with 3D planning (p=0.007), but there was no significant difference for the optic nerve which was on the same side of tumor involvement (p >0.05). The AUC in the DVH of PTV was not significant (201.1 + or - 16.23 mm(3) in 2D planning vs. 201.15 + or - 15.09 mm(3) in 3D planning). The volume of PTV which received 90% of the prescribed dose was 96.9 + or - 4.41 cm(3) in 2D planning and 97.2 + or - 2.61 cm(3) in 3D planning (p >0.05). 3D conformal radiotherapy (RT) for PNS tumors enables the delivery of radiation to the tumor with respect to critical organs with a lower toxicity to the optic pathway.

Coulomb-repulsion-assisted double ionization from doubly excited states of argon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, Qing; Winney, Alexander H.; Lee, Suk Kyoung; Lin, Yun Fei; Adhikari, Pradip; Li, Wen

2017-08-01

We report a combined experimental and theoretical study to elucidate nonsequential double-ionization dynamics of argon atoms at laser intensities near and below the recollision-induced ionization threshold. Three-dimensional momentum measurements of two electrons arising from strong-field nonsequential double ionization are achieved with a custom-built electron-electron-ion coincidence apparatus, showing laser intensity-dependent Coulomb repulsion effect between the two outgoing electrons. Furthermore, a previously predicted feature of double ionization from doubly excited states is confirmed in the distributions of sum of two-electron momenta. A classical ensemble simulation suggests that Coulomb-repulsion-assisted double ionization from doubly excited states is at play at low laser intensity. This mechanism can explain the dependence of Coulomb repulsion effect on the laser intensity, as well as the transition from side-by-side to back-to-back dominant emission along the laser polarization direction.

Direct Search for Dark Matter with DarkSide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agnes, P.; Alexander, T.; Alton, A.; Arisaka, K.; Back, H. O.; Baldin, B.; Biery, K.; Bonfini, G.; Bossa, M.; Brigatti, A.; Brodsky, J.; Budano, F.; Cadonati, L.; Calaprice, F.; Canci, N.; Candela, A.; Cao, H.; Cariello, M.; Cavalcante, P.; Chavarria, A.; Chepurnov, A.; Cocco, A. G.; Crippa, L.; D'Angelo, D.; D'Incecco, M.; Davini, S.; De Deo, M.; Derbin, A.; Devoto, A.; Di Eusanio, F.; Di Pietro, G.; Edkins, E.; Empl, A.; Fan, A.; Fiorillo, G.; Fomenko, K.; Forster, G.; Franco, D.; Gabriele, F.; Galbiati, C.; Goretti, A.; Grandi, L.; Gromov, M.; Guan, M. Y.; Guardincerri, Y.; Hackett, B.; Herner, K.; Hungerford, E. V.; Ianni, Al; Ianni, An; Jollet, C.; Keeter, K.; Kendziora, C.; Kidner, S.; Kobychev, V.; Koh, G.; Korablev, D.; Korga, G.; Kurlej, A.; Li, P. X.; Loer, B.; Lombardi, P.; Love, C.; Ludhova, L.; Luitz, S.; Ma, Y. Q.; Machulin, I.; Mandarano, A.; Mari, S.; Maricic, J.; Marini, L.; Martoff, C. J.; Meregaglia, A.; Meroni, E.; Meyers, P. D.; Milincic, R.; Montanari, D.; Montuschi, M.; Monzani, M. E.; Mosteiro, P.; Mount, B.; Muratova, V.; Musico, P.; Nelson, A.; Odrowski, S.; Okounkova, M.; Orsini, M.; Ortica, F.; Pagani, L.; Pallavicini, M.; Pantic, E.; Papp, L.; Parmeggiano, S.; Parsells, R.; Pelczar, K.; Pelliccia, N.; Perasso, S.; Pocar, A.; Pordes, S.; Pugachev, D.; Qian, H.; Randle, K.; Ranucci, G.; Razeto, A.; Reinhold, B.; Renshaw, A.; Romani, A.; Rossi, B.; Rossi, N.; Rountree, S. D.; Sablone, D.; Saggese, P.; Saldanha, R.; Sands, W.; Sangiorgio, S.; Segreto, E.; Semenov, D.; Shields, E.; Skorokhvatov, M.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.; Stanford, C.; Suvorov, Y.; Tartaglia, R.; Tatarowicz, J.; Testera, G.; Tonazzo, A.; Unzhakov, E.; Vogelaar, R. B.; Wada, M.; Walker, S.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Watson, A.; Westerdale, S.; Wojcik, M.; Wright, A.; Xiang, X.; Xu, J.; Yang, C. G.; Yoo, J.; Zavatarelli, S.; Zec, A.; Zhu, C.; Zuzel, G.

2015-11-01

The DarkSide experiment is designed for the direct detection of Dark Matter with a double phase liquid Argon TPC operating underground at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The TPC is placed inside a 30 tons liquid organic scintillator sphere, acting as a neutron veto, which is in turn installed inside a 1 kt water Cherenkov detector. The current detector is running since November 2013 with a 50 kg atmospheric Argon fill and we report here the first null results of a Dark Matter search for a (1422 ± 67) kg.d exposure. This result correspond to a 90% CL upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.1 × 10-44 cm2 (for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2) and it's currently the most sensitive limit obtained with an Argon target.

Superconducting antennas for telecommunication applications based on dual mode cross slotted patches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cassinese, A.; Barra, M.; Fragalà, I.; Kusunoki, M.; Malandrino, G.; Nakagawa, T.; Perdicaro, L. M. S.; Sato, K.; Ohshima, S.; Vaglio, R.

2002-08-01

Dual mode devices based on high temperature superconducting films represent an interesting class for telecommunication applications since they combine a miniaturized size with a good power handling. Here we report on a novel compact antenna obtained by crossing a square patch with two or more slots. The proposed design has an antenna size reduction of about 40% as compared to the conventional square patch microstrip antennas. Single patch antenna both with linear (LP) and circular (CP) polarization operating in the X-band have been designed and tested at prototype level. They are realized by using double sided (YBa 2Cu 3O 7- x) YBCO and Tl 2Ba 2Ca 1Cu 2O 8 (Tl-2212) superconducting films grown on MgO substrates and tested with a portable cryocooler. They showed at T=77 K a return loss <25 dB and a power handling of 23 dBm. Exemplary 16 elements arrays LP antennas operating in the X band have been also realized by using YBCO film grown on 2 ″ diameter MgO substrate.

Use of scaled external correlation, a double many-body expansion, and variational transition state theory to calibrate a potential energy surface for FH2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lynch, Gillian C.; Steckler, Rozeanne; Varandas, Antonio J. C.; Truhlar, Donald G.; Schwenke, David W.

1991-01-01

New ab initio results and a double many-body expansion formalism have been used to parameterize a new FH2 potential energy surface with improved properties near the saddle point and in the region of long-range attraction. The functional form of the new surface includes dispersion forces by a double many-body expansion. Stationary point properties for the new surface are calculated along with the product-valley barrier maxima of vibrationally adiabatic potential curves for F + H2 - HF(nu-prime = 3) + H, F + HD - HF(nu-prime = 3) + D, and F + D2 - DF(nu-prime = 4) + D. The new surface should prove useful for studying the effect on dynamics of a low, early barrier with a wide, flat bend potential.

Risperidone Versus Methylphenidate in Treatment of Preschool Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

PubMed

Arabgol, Fariba; Panaghi, Leily; Nikzad, Vahid

2015-02-01

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric diagnosis among preschool children. The aim of this study was to examine the Risperidone treatment compared to Methylphenidate (MPH) in preschool children with ADHD. Thirty three outpatient preschool children, aged 3-6 years, diagnosed with ADHD (The diagnosis of ADHD was established by two child and adolescent psychiatrists according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria), participated in a 6-week, double-blind clinical trial with risperidone (0.5-1.5 mg/d) and methylphenidate (5-20 mg/d), in two divided doses. Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Parent ADHD Rating Scale and Conners Rating Scale. Patients were assessed by a child psychiatrist at baseline, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the medication started. Side effects were also rated by side effects questionnaire. There were no significant differences between the two protocols on the Parent ADHD Rating Scale scores (P > 0.05) and Parent Conners Rating Scale scores (P > 0.05). Both groups showed a significant improvement in ADHD symptoms over the 6 weeks of treatment for parent ADHD Rating Scale (P < 0.001) and Parent Conners Rating Scale (P < 0.001). The most common adverse effects seen with risperidone were daytime drowsiness and anorexia (20%), and with methylphenidate it was anorexia (55%). Results of this study show that risperidone may be effective and well tolerated for ADHD in preschool children, but more researches are needed to clarify the potential benefits and adverse effects in long term use and comorbid conditions.

Efficacy of Arnica montana D4 for healing of wounds after Hallux valgus surgery compared to diclofenac.

PubMed

Karow, Jens-Hagen; Abt, Hans-Peter; Fröhling, Markus; Ackermann, Hanns

2008-01-01

This study was undertaken to answer the question: "Is Arnica D4 as efficacious as diclofenac in relation to symptoms and wound healing after foot surgery?" In this randomized double-blinded, parallel-group study (GCP-standard), the efficacy of Arnica D4 10 pillules (taken orally, 3 times per day) and diclofenac sodium, 50 mg (taken orally, 3 times per day) were investigated for equivalence in 88 patients 4 days after hallux valgus surgery. Outcome parameters were (1) postoperative irritation, (2) patient mobility, (3) rated pain, and (4) use of analgesics. The hierarchic equivalence test based on one-sided Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U confidence intervals (CIs) was used. Equivalence was perceived, when the lower margin of the 95% CI was > 0.36 corresponding to a range of equivalence of 1/2 standard deviation. Arnica D4 and diclofenac were equivalent for wound irritation (lower margin of the 95% CI on day 4: 0.4729 for rubor; 0.3674 for swelling; 0.4106 for calor) and patient mobility (0.4726). A descriptive analysis showed the superiority of Arnica D4 with respect to patient mobility (p = 0.045). With respect to pain, Arnica D4 was inferior to diclofenac (lower margin of the 95% CI 0.026). No significant differences were found regarding the use of additional analgesics during the 4 postoperative days (Dipidolor, Janssen-Cilag, Neuss, Germany; p = 0.54; Tramal, Grünenthal, Aachen, Germany; p = 0.1; and Novalgin, AVENTIS-Pharma, Bad Soden, Germany; p = 0.1). Arnica D4 was significantly better tolerated than diclofenac (p = 0.049). Nine (9) patients (20.45%) of the diclofenac group and 2 (4.5%) of the Arnica D4 group reported intolerance. There was no disturbance in wound healing in any of the patients. Arnica D4 is 60% cheaper than diclofenac. After foot operations, Arnica D4 can be used instead of diclofenac to reduce wound irritation.

Double-sided laser beam welded T-joints for aluminum-lithium alloy aircraft fuselage panels: Effects of filler elements on microstructure and mechanical properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Bing; Tao, Wang; Chen, Yanbin; Li, Hao

2017-08-01

In the current work, T-joints consisting of 2.0 mm thick 2060-T8/2099-T83 aluminum-lithium alloys for aircraft fuselage panels have been fabricated by double-sided fiber laser beam welding with different filler wires. A new type wire CW3 (Al-6.2Cu-5.4Si) was studied and compared with conventional wire AA4047 (Al-12Si) mainly on microstructure and mechanical properties. It was found that the main combined function of Al-6.2%Cu-5.4%Si in CW3 resulted in considerable improvements especially on intergranular strength, hot cracking susceptibility and hoop tensile properties. Typical non-dendritic equiaxed zone (EQZ) was observed along welds' fusion boundary. Hot cracks and fractures during the load were always located within the EQZ, however, this typical zone could be restrained by CW3, effectively. Furthermore, changing of the main intergranular precipitated phase within the EQZ from T phase by AA4047 to T2 phase by CW3 also resulted in developments on microscopic intergranular reinforcement and macroscopic hoop tensile properties. In addition, bridging caused by richer substructure dendrites within CW3 weld's columnar zone resulted in much lower hot cracking susceptibility of the whole weld than AA4047.

Ablative fractional lasers (CO(2) and Er:YAG): a randomized controlled double-blind split-face trial of the treatment of peri-orbital rhytides.

PubMed

Karsai, Syrus; Czarnecka, Agnieszka; Jünger, Michael; Raulin, Christian

2010-02-01

Ablative fractional lasers were introduced for treating facial rhytides in an attempt to achieve results comparable to traditional ablative resurfacing but with fewer side effects. However, there is conflicting evidence on how well this goal has generally been achieved as well as on the comparative value of fractional CO(2) and Er:YAG lasers. The present study compares these modalities in a randomized controlled double-blind split-face study design. Twenty-eight patients were enrolled and completed the entire study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a single treatment on each side of the peri-orbital region, one with a fractional CO(2) and one with a fractional Er:YAG laser. The evaluation included the profilometric measurement of wrinkle depth, the Fitzpatrick wrinkle score (both before and 3 months after treatment) as well as the assessment of side effects and patient satisfaction (1, 3, 6 days and 3 months after treatment). Both modalities showed a roughly equivalent effect. Wrinkle depth and Fitzpatrick score were reduced by approximately 20% and 10%, respectively, with no appreciable difference between lasers. Side effects and discomfort were slightly more pronounced after Er:YAG treatment in the first few days, but in the later course there were more complaints following CO(2) laser treatment. Patient satisfaction was fair and the majority of patients would have undergone the treatment again without a clear preference for either method. According to the present study, a single ablative fractional treatment session has an appreciable yet limited effect on peri-orbital rhytides. When fractional CO(2) and Er:YAG lasers are used in such a manner that there are comparable post-operative healing periods, comparable cosmetic improvement occurs. Multiple sessions may be required for full effect, which cancels out the proposed advantage of fractional methods, that is, fewer side effects and less down time.

[CT measurement and clinical application of double-row suture anchor reconstruction for the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation].

PubMed

Zhang, Chuan-Kai; Liu, Chen; Han, Bing; Feng, Hui; Chen, Qi-Zhong; Sunx, Sun Yi-Yan

2017-04-25

To study feasibility and reliability of reconstruction of the acromioclavicular ligament with double-row suture anchor for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation through coracoid coronal CT measurement, and to provide a new operation method for treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Total 60 healthy people received CT examination of shoulder joint, including 30 males and 30 females, ranging in age from 18 to 50 years old. The coronal width, thickness and 20 degree camber angle in the medial part of the toot of coronal were measured using CT scan. The results were applied to clinical treatment for 12 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Tossy III type. The width in the medial part of the root of the coracoid was(17.65±1.82) mm(left side) and (17.67±1.80) mm(right side) in males; (16.55±1.78) mm(left side) and (16.52±1.74) mm (right side) in females. The vertical thickness of the roots of the coracoid: (13.11±2.11) mm(left side) and (13.16±2.09) mm(right side) in males;(12.79±2.21) mm(left side) and (12.76±2.19) mm (right side) in females. The thickness of 20 degrees camber angle of the coracoid roots: (16.32±1.74) mm (left side) and (16.30±1.69) mm(right side) in males; (15.68±1.44) mm(left side) and (15.67±1.43) mm(right side) in females. Total 12 patients were treated with anchor nail with extraversion 20 degrees. The postoperative X-ray films showed bone anchors were located in the coracoid process, no bone splitting. Double-row suture anchor of 5 mm diameter nails can be placed into coracoid with extraversion 20 degrees, which is safety.

Misplacement of left-sided double-lumen tubes into the right mainstem bronchus: incidence, risk factors and blind repositioning techniques.

PubMed

Seo, Jeong-Hwa; Bae, Jun-Yeol; Kim, Hyun Joo; Hong, Deok Man; Jeon, Yunseok; Bahk, Jae-Hyon

2015-10-28

Double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs) are commonly advanced into the mainstem bronchus either blindly or by fiberoptic bronchoscopic guidance. However, blind advancement may result in misplacement of left-sided DLTs into the right bronchus. Therefore, incidence, risk factors, and blind repositioning techniques for right bronchial misplacement of left-sided DLTs were investigated. This was an observational cohort study performed on the data depository consecutively collected from patients who underwent intubation of left-sided DLTs for 2 years. Patients' clinical and anatomical characteristics were analyzed to investigate risk factors for DLT misplacements with logistic regression analysis. Moreover, when DLTs were misplaced into the right bronchus, the bronchial tube was withdrawn into the trachea and blindly readvanced without rotation, or with 90° or 180° counterclockwise rotation while the patient's head was turned right. DLTs were inadvertently advanced into the right bronchus in 48 of 1135 (4.2 %) patients. DLT misplacements occurred more frequently in females, in patients of short stature or with narrow trachea and bronchi, and when small-sized DLTs were used. All of these factors were significantly inter-correlated each other (P < 0.001). In 40 of the 48 (83.3 %) patients, blind repositioning was successful. Smaller left-sided DLTs were more frequently misplaced into the right mainstem bronchus than larger DLTs. Moreover, we were usually able to reposition the misplaced DLTs into the left bronchus by using the blind techniques. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01371773.

A Randomised, Double Blind Trial of N-Acetylcysteine for Hearing Protection during Stapes Surgery

PubMed Central

Bagger-Sjöbäck, Dan; Strömbäck, Karin; Hakizimana, Pierre; Plue, Jan; Larsson, Christina; Hultcrantz, Malou; Papatziamos, Georgios; Smeds, Henrik; Danckwardt-Lillieström, Niklas; Hellström, Sten; Johansson, Ann; Tideholm, Bo; Fridberger, Anders

2015-01-01

Background Otosclerosis is a disorder that impairs middle ear function, leading to conductive hearing loss. Surgical treatment results in large improvement of hearing at low sound frequencies, but high-frequency hearing often suffers. A likely reason for this is that inner ear sensory cells are damaged by surgical trauma and loud sounds generated during the operation. Animal studies have shown that antioxidants such as N-Acetylcysteine can protect the inner ear from noise, surgical trauma, and some ototoxic substances, but it is not known if this works in humans. This trial was performed to determine whether antioxidants improve surgical results at high frequencies. Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled parallel group clinical trial at three Swedish university clinics. Using block-stratified randomization, 156 adult patients undergoing stapedotomy were assigned to intravenous N-Acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg body weight) or matching placebo (1:1 ratio), starting one hour before surgery. The primary outcome was the hearing threshold at 6 and 8 kHz; secondary outcomes included the severity of tinnitus and vertigo. Findings One year after surgery, high-frequency hearing had improved 2.7 ± 3.8 dB in the placebo group (67 patients analysed) and 2.4 ± 3.7 dB in the treated group (72 patients; means ± 95% confidence interval, p = 0.54; linear mixed model). Surgery improved tinnitus, but there was no significant intergroup difference. Post-operative balance disturbance was common but improved during the first year, without significant difference between groups. Four patients receiving N-Acetylcysteine experienced mild side effects such as nausea and vomiting. Conclusions N-Acetylcysteine has no effect on hearing thresholds, tinnitus, or balance disturbance after stapedotomy. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00525551 PMID:25763866

Using three-dimensional-computerized tomography as a diagnostic tool for temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis: a case report.

PubMed

Kao, S Y; Chou, J; Lo, J; Yang, J; Chou, A P; Joe, C J; Chang, R C

1999-04-01

Roentgenographic examination has long been a useful diagnostic tool for temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) disease. The methods include TMJ tomography, panoramic radiography and computerized tomography (CT) scan with or without injection of contrast media. Recently, three-dimensional CT (3D-CT), reconstructed from the two-dimensional image of a CT scan to simulate the soft tissue or bony structure of the real target, was proposed. In this report, a case of TMJ ankylosis due to traumatic injury is presented. 3D-CT was employed as one of the presurgical roentgenographic diagnostic tools. The conventional radiographic examination including panoramic radiography and tomography showed lesions in both sides of the mandible. CT scanning further suggested that the right-sided lesion was more severe than that on the left. With 3D-CT image reconstruction the size and extent of the lesions were clearly observable. The decision was made to proceed with an initial surgical approach on the right side. With condylectomy and condylar replacement using an autogenous costochondral graft on the right side, the range of mouth opening improved significantly. In this case report, 3D-CT demonstrates its advantages as a tool for the correct and precise diagnosis of TMJ ankylosis.

3. BUILDING 8814, WEST SIDE AND SOUTH REAR, SHOWING BLAST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. BUILDING 8814, WEST SIDE AND SOUTH REAR, SHOWING BLAST DOOR. BUILDING 8826 IS IN BACKGROUND. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Observation Bunker 1-D-3, Test Area 1-125, northwest end of Altair Boulevard, Boron, Kern County, CA

Measurement of helium-like and hydrogen-like argon spectra using double-crystal X-ray spectrometers on EAST

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lyu, B., E-mail: blu@ipp.ac.cn; Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031; Chen, J.

2016-11-15

A two-crystal assembly was deployed on the tangential X-ray crystal spectrometer to measure both helium-like and hydrogen-like spectra on EAST. High-quality helium-like and hydrogen-like spectra were observed simultaneously for the first time on one detector for a wide range of plasma parameters. Profiles of line-integrated core ion temperatures inferred from two spectra were consistent. Since tungsten was adopted as the upper divertor material, one tungsten line (W XLIV at 4.017 Å) on the short-wavelength side of the Lyman-α line (Lα1) was identified for typical USN discharges, which was diffracted by a He-like crystal (2d = 4.913 Å). Another possible Femore » XXV line (1.85 Å) was observed to be located on the long-wavelength side of resonance line (w), which was diffracted from a H-like crystal (2d = 4.5622 Å) on the second order. Be-like argon lines were also observable that fill the detector space between the He-like and H-like spectra.« less

Measurement of helium-like and hydrogen-like argon spectra using double-crystal X-ray spectrometers on EAST.

PubMed

Lyu, B; Chen, J; Hu, R J; Wang, F D; Li, Y Y; Fu, J; Shen, Y C; Bitter, M; Hill, K W; Delgado-Aparicio, L F; Pablant, N; Lee, S G; Ye, M Y; Shi, Y J; Wan, B N

2016-11-01

A two-crystal assembly was deployed on the tangential X-ray crystal spectrometer to measure both helium-like and hydrogen-like spectra on EAST. High-quality helium-like and hydrogen-like spectra were observed simultaneously for the first time on one detector for a wide range of plasma parameters. Profiles of line-integrated core ion temperatures inferred from two spectra were consistent. Since tungsten was adopted as the upper divertor material, one tungsten line (W XLIV at 4.017 Å) on the short-wavelength side of the Lyman-α line (Lα1) was identified for typical USN discharges, which was diffracted by a He-like crystal (2d = 4.913 Å). Another possible Fe XXV line (1.85 Å) was observed to be located on the long-wavelength side of resonance line (w), which was diffracted from a H-like crystal (2d = 4.5622 Å) on the second order. Be-like argon lines were also observable that fill the detector space between the He-like and H-like spectra.

1W frequency-doubled VCSEL-pumped blue laser with high pulse energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Leeuwen, Robert; Chen, Tong; Watkins, Laurence; Xu, Guoyang; Seurin, Jean-Francois; Wang, Qing; Zhou, Delai; Ghosh, Chuni

2015-02-01

We report on a Q-switched VCSEL side-pumped 946 nm Nd:YAG laser that produces high average power blue light with high pulse energy after frequency doubling in BBO. The gain medium was water cooled and symmetrically pumped by three 1 kW 808 nm VCSEL pump modules. More than 1 W blue output was achieved at 210 Hz with 4.9 mJ pulse energy and at 340 Hz with 3.2 mJ pulse energy, with 42% and 36% second harmonic conversion efficiency respectively. Higher pulse energy was obtained at lower repetition frequencies, up to 9.3 mJ at 70 Hz with 52% conversion efficiency.

Tetra­kis(2,3,5,5-tetra­methyl­hexen-2-yl)silane

PubMed Central

Meyer-Wegner, Frank; Bolte, Michael; Lerner, Hans-Wolfram

2014-01-01

In the title compound, C40H76Si, the Si atom is located on a special position of site symmetry -4. Thus, there is just a quarter of a mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. The C=C double bonds exhibit a trans configuration. The Si atom and the tert-butyl group are located on the same side of the plane formed by the C=C double bond and its four substituents. The crystal packing shows no short contacts between the mol­ecules and despite the low crystal density (0.980 Mg m−3), there are no significant voids in the structure. PMID:24765057

3. SOUTH AND EAST SIDES OF BUILDING 328. VIEW TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. SOUTH AND EAST SIDES OF BUILDING 328. VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Goop Mixing & Filling Building, 1480 feet South of December Seventh Avenue; 900 feet West of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

3. WEST AND NORTH SIDES OF BUILDING 731/732. VIEW TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. WEST AND NORTH SIDES OF BUILDING 731/732. VIEW TO SOUTHEAST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Army Reserve Center, 510 feet South of December Seventh Avenue; 2400 feet East of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

3. NORTH AND EAST SIDES OF BUILDING 515. VIEW TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. NORTH AND EAST SIDES OF BUILDING 515. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Crude Mustard Distillation Building, 550 feet South of December Seventh Avenue; 400 feet East of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

3. WEST AND SOUTH SIDES OF BUILDING 251. VIEW TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. WEST AND SOUTH SIDES OF BUILDING 251. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Chlorine Evaporator & Storage Building, 800 feet South of December Seventh Avenue; 600 feet West of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

Optimal threshold of error decision related to non-uniform phase distribution QAM signals generated from MZM based on OCS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Xifeng; Zhou, Wen

2018-03-01

Optical vector radio-frequency (RF) signal generation based on optical carrier suppression (OCS) in one Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) can realize frequency-doubling. In order to match the phase or amplitude of the recovered quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal, phase or amplitude pre-coding is necessary in the transmitter side. The detected QAM signals usually have one non-uniform phase distribution after square-law detection at the photodiode because of the imperfect characteristics of the optical and electrical devices. We propose to use optimal threshold of error decision for non-uniform phase contribution to reduce the bit error rate (BER). By employing this scheme, the BER of 16 Gbaud (32 Gbit/s) quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) millimeter wave signal at 36 GHz is improved from 1 × 10-3 to 1 × 10-4 at - 4 . 6 dBm input power into the photodiode.

Effect on phloridzin on net rate of liquid absorption from the pleural space of rabbits.

PubMed

Zocchi, L; Agostoni, E; Raffaini, A

1996-11-01

Previous indirect findings have suggested the occurrence of solute-coupled liquid absorption from the pleural space, consistent with Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase on the interstitial side plus a Na(+)-H+ and CI(-)-HCO3- double exchange on the luminal side of the pleural mesothelium. To assess whether Na(+)-glucose cotransport also operates on the luminal side, the relationship between net rate of liquid absorption from the right pleural space (Jnet) and volume of liquid injected into this space (0.5, 1 or 2 ml) was determined in anaesthetized rabbits during hydrothoraces with phloridzin (10(-3)M) or with phloridzin plus 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'-disulphonic acid (SITS; 1.5 x 10(-4)M). The relationship obtained during hydrothoraces with phloridzin was displaced downwards by 0.09 ml h-1 relative to that in control hydrothoraces (P < 0.01). The decrease in Jnet was similar in hydrothoraces of various sizes. The relationship obtained in hydrothoraces with phloridzin plus SITS was displaced downwards by 0.16 ml h-1 relative to that in control hydrothoraces (P < 0.01), i.e. the decrease in Jnet was similar to the sum (0.17 ml h-1) of the decreases in Jnet produced individually by phloridzin and by SITS (0.08 ml h-1). The decrease in Jnet was similar in hydrothoraces of differing size. The above findings are consistent with the occurrence of Na(+)-glucose cotransport on the luminal side of the pleural mesothelium, operating simultaneously with the double exchange also under physiological conditions.

Three-dimensional Fourier transform evaluation of sequences of spatially and temporally modulated speckle interferograms.

PubMed

Trillo, C; Doval, A F; López-Vázquez, J C

2010-07-05

Phase evaluation methods based on the 2D spatial Fourier transform of a speckle interferogram with spatial carrier usually assume that the Fourier spectrum of the interferogram has a trimodal distribution, i. e. that the side lobes corresponding to the interferential terms do not overlap the other two spectral terms, which are related to the intensity of the object and reference beams, respectively. Otherwise, part of the spectrum of the object beam is inside the inverse-transform window of the selected interference lobe and induces an error in the resultant phase map. We present a technique for the acquisition and processing of speckle interferogram sequences that separates the interference lobes from the other spectral terms when the aforementioned assumption does not apply and regardless of the temporal bandwidth of the phase signal. It requires the recording of a sequence of interferograms with spatial and temporal carriers, and their processing with a 3D Fourier transform. In the resultant 3D spectrum, the spatial and temporal carriers separate the conjugate interferential terms from each other and from the term related to the object beam. Experimental corroboration is provided through the measurement of the amplitude of surface acoustic waves in plates with a double-pulsed TV holography setup. The results obtained with the proposed method are compared to those obtained with the processing of individual interferograms with the regular spatial-carrier 2D Fourier transform method.

Dopamine synthesis and dopamine receptor expression are disturbed in recurrent miscarriages

PubMed Central

Gratz, Michael J; Stavrou, Stavroula; Kuhn, Christina; Hofmann, Simone; Hermelink, Kerstin; Heidegger, Helene; Hutter, Stefan; Mayr, Doris; Mahner, Sven; Jeschke, Udo; Vattai, Aurelia

2018-01-01

Objectives l-dopa decarboxylase (DDC) is responsible for the synthesis of dopamine. Dopamine, which binds to the D2-dopamine receptor (D2R), plays an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy. Aim of our study was the analysis of DDC and D2R expression in placentas of spontaneous miscarriages (SMs) and recurrent miscarriages (RMs) in comparison to healthy controls. Methods Patients with SM (n = 15) and RM (n = 15) were compared with patients from healthy pregnancies (n = 15) (pregnancy weeks 7–13 each). Placental tissue has been collected from SMs and RMs from the first trimester (Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, LMU Munich) and from abruptions (private practice, Munich). Placental cell lines, BeWo- and JEG-3 cells, were stimulated with the trace amines T0AM and T1AM in vitro. Results Levels of DDC and D2R in trophoblasts and the decidua were lower in RMs in comparison to healthy controls. Stimulation of BeWo cells with T1AM significantly reduced DDC mRNA and protein levels. Via double-immunofluorescence, a DDC-positive cell type beneath decidual stromal cells and foetal EVT in the decidua could be detected. Conclusions Downregulation of DDC and D2R in trophoblasts of RMs reflects a reduced signal cascade of catecholamines on the foetal side. PMID:29686031

Dopamine synthesis and dopamine receptor expression are disturbed in recurrent miscarriages.

PubMed

Gratz, Michael J; Stavrou, Stavroula; Kuhn, Christina; Hofmann, Simone; Hermelink, Kerstin; Heidegger, Helene; Hutter, Stefan; Mayr, Doris; Mahner, Sven; Jeschke, Udo; Vattai, Aurelia

2018-05-01

l-dopa decarboxylase (DDC) is responsible for the synthesis of dopamine. Dopamine, which binds to the D 2 -dopamine receptor (D2R), plays an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy. Aim of our study was the analysis of DDC and D2R expression in placentas of spontaneous miscarriages (SMs) and recurrent miscarriages (RMs) in comparison to healthy controls. Patients with SM (n = 15) and RM (n = 15) were compared with patients from healthy pregnancies (n = 15) (pregnancy weeks 7-13 each). Placental tissue has been collected from SMs and RMs from the first trimester (Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, LMU Munich) and from abruptions (private practice, Munich). Placental cell lines, BeWo- and JEG-3 cells, were stimulated with the trace amines T 0 AM and T 1 AM in vitro . Levels of DDC and D2R in trophoblasts and the decidua were lower in RMs in comparison to healthy controls. Stimulation of BeWo cells with T 1 AM significantly reduced DDC mRNA and protein levels. Via double-immunofluorescence, a DDC-positive cell type beneath decidual stromal cells and foetal EVT in the decidua could be detected. Downregulation of DDC and D2R in trophoblasts of RMs reflects a reduced signal cascade of catecholamines on the foetal side. © 2018 The authors.

A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of minocycline in children and adolescents with fragile x syndrome.

PubMed

Leigh, Mary Jacena S; Nguyen, Danh V; Mu, Yi; Winarni, Tri I; Schneider, Andrea; Chechi, Tasleem; Polussa, Jonathan; Doucet, Paul; Tassone, Flora; Rivera, Susan M; Hessl, David; Hagerman, Randi J

2013-04-01

Minocycline rescued synaptic abnormalities and improved behavior in the fragile X mouse model. Previous open-label human studies demonstrated benefits in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS); however, its efficacy in patients with FXS has not been assessed in a controlled trial. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in individuals with FXS, aged 3.5 years to 16 years (n = 55, mean age 9.2 [SD, 3.6] years). Participants were randomized to minocycline or placebo for 3 months and then switched to the other treatment. Sixty-nine subjects were screened and 66 were randomized. Fifty-five subjects (83.3%) completed at least the first period and 48 (72.7%) completed the full trial. Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated significantly greater improvements in one primary outcome, Clinical Global Impression Scale-Improvement after minocycline compared with placebo (2.49 ± 0.13 and 2.97 ± 0.13, respectively, p = .0173) and greater improvement in ad hoc analysis of anxiety and mood-related behaviors on the Visual Analog Scale (minocycline: 5.26 cm ± 0.46 cm, placebo: 4.05 cm ± 0.46 cm; p = .0488). Side effects were not significantly different during the minocycline and placebo treatments. No serious adverse events occurred on minocycline. Results may be potentially biased by study design weaknesses, including unblinding of subjects when they completed the study, drug-related side effects unblinding, and preliminary efficacy analysis results known to investigators. Minocycline treatment for 3 months in children with FXS resulted in greater global improvement than placebo. Treatment for 3 months appears safe; however, longer trials are indicated to further assess benefits, side effects, and factors associated with a clinical response to minocycline.

Insects traversing grass-like vertical compliant beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Chen; Fearing, Ronald; Full, Robert

2014-03-01

Small running animals encounter many challenging terrains. These terrains can be filled with 3D, multi-component obstacles. Here, we study cockroaches (Blaberus discoidalis) moving through grass-like vertical compliant beams during escape. We created an apparatus to control and vary geometric parameters and mechanical properties of model grass including height, width, thickness, lateral and fore-aft spacings, angle, number of layers, stiffness, and damping. We observed a suite of novel locomotor behaviors not previously described on simpler 2D ground. When model grass height was >2 × body length and lateral spacing was <0.5 × body width, the animal primarily (probability P = 50%) rolled its body onto its side to rapidly (time t = 2.1 s) maneuver through the gaps between model grass. We developed a simple energy minimization model, and found that body roll reduces the energy barriers that the animal must overcome during traversal. We hypothesized that the animal's ellipsoidal body shape facilitated traversal. To test our hypothesis, we modified body shape by adding either a rectangular or an oval plate onto its dorsal surface, and found that P dropped by an order of magnitude and t more than doubled. Upon removal of either plate, both P and t recovered. Locomotor kinematics and geometry effectively coupled to terrain properties enables negotiation of 3D, multi-component obstacles, and provides inspiration for small robots to navigate such terrain with minimal sensing and control.

Density functional plus dynamical mean-field theory of the metal-insulator transition in early transition-metal oxides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dang, Hung T.; Ai, Xinyuan; Millis, Andrew J.; Marianetti, Chris A.

2014-09-01

The combination of density functional theory and single-site dynamical mean-field theory, using both Hartree and full continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solvers, is used to study the metal-insulator phase diagram of perovskite transition-metal oxides of the form ABO3 with a rare-earth ion A =Sr, La, Y and transition metal B =Ti, V, Cr. The correlated subspace is constructed from atomiclike d orbitals defined using maximally localized Wannier functions derived from the full p-d manifold; for comparison, results obtained using a projector method are also given. Paramagnetic DFT + DMFT computations using full charge self-consistency along with the standard "fully localized limit" (FLL) double counting are shown to incorrectly predict that LaTiO3, YTiO3, LaVO3, and SrMnO3 are metals. A more general examination of the dependence of physical properties on the mean p-d energy splitting, the occupancy of the correlated d states, the double-counting correction, and the lattice structure demonstrates the importance of charge-transfer physics even in the early transition-metal oxides and elucidates the factors underlying the failure of the standard approximations. If the double counting is chosen to produce a p-d splitting consistent with experimental spectra, single-site dynamical mean-field theory provides a reasonable account of the materials properties. The relation of the results to those obtained from "d-only" models in which the correlation problem is based on the frontier orbital p-d antibonding bands is determined. It is found that if an effective interaction U is properly chosen the d-only model provides a good account of the physics of the d1 and d2 materials.

Use of 3D Printed Models in Medical Education: A Randomized Control Trial Comparing 3D Prints versus Cadaveric Materials for Learning External Cardiac Anatomy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lim, Kah Heng Alexander; Loo, Zhou Yaw; Goldie, Stephen J.; Adams, Justin W.; McMenamin, Paul G.

2016-01-01

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology capable of readily producing accurate anatomical models, however, evidence for the use of 3D prints in medical education remains limited. A study was performed to assess their effectiveness against cadaveric materials for learning external cardiac anatomy. A double blind randomized…

ITER Port Interspace Pressure Calculations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carbajo, Juan J; Van Hove, Walter A

The ITER Vacuum Vessel (VV) is equipped with 54 access ports. Each of these ports has an opening in the bioshield that communicates with a dedicated port cell. During Tokamak operation, the bioshield opening must be closed with a concrete plug to shield the radiation coming from the plasma. This port plug separates the port cell into a Port Interspace (between VV closure lid and Port Plug) on the inner side and the Port Cell on the outer side. This paper presents calculations of pressures and temperatures in the ITER (Ref. 1) Port Interspace after a double-ended guillotine break (DEGB)more » of a pipe of the Tokamak Cooling Water System (TCWS) with high temperature water. It is assumed that this DEGB occurs during the worst possible conditions, which are during water baking operation, with water at a temperature of 523 K (250 C) and at a pressure of 4.4 MPa. These conditions are more severe than during normal Tokamak operation, with the water at 398 K (125 C) and 2 MPa. Two computer codes are employed in these calculations: RELAP5-3D Version 4.2.1 (Ref. 2) to calculate the blowdown releases from the pipe break, and MELCOR, Version 1.8.6 (Ref. 3) to calculate the pressures and temperatures in the Port Interspace. A sensitivity study has been performed to optimize some flow areas.« less

Thermal lensing effects in rod-based Tm3+: YLF amplifiers versus pump and cooling conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jolly, A.; Vidal, S.; Boullet, J.

2018-06-01

We report on a comprehensive study of the thermal-lensing penalties in rod-based, end-pumped amplifiers made of thulium-doped YLF. Aiming to optimize the beam quality under optimized pump and cooling conditions, this applies to the definition of highly efficient laser designs with operation up to the saturation of the gain. Single-pass and double-pass pump schemes are benchmarked by means of an innovative modeling process, to determine the appropriate rod’s length and the complete set of input data which determines the spatial transfer function of a given rod. This is done in the form of an equivalent, pump-dependent, thick GRIN lens. The characteristics of this highly astigmatic and basically divergent lens are computed thanks to complementary 3D-FEM thermo-mechanical modeling. To benchmark the different contributors to natural thermal-lensing phenomena, we refer to the situation of uniform side-cooling. The computational results are parameterized in a broad range of operating conditions. Then we suggest non-uniform side-cooling, as a possible option of interest for cancelling the astigmatism. The development of YLF-based amplifiers of a new generation taking advantage of a highly stable and easily controllable beam quality, either using rod-based or slab-based architectures, will be part of the potential applications of this fairly generic modeling approach.

Efficacy of Tribulus terrestris for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

PubMed

de Souza, Karla Zanolla Dias; Vale, Fabiene Bernardes Castro; Geber, Selmo

2016-11-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Tribulus terrestris for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women and evaluate its effect on the serum levels of testosterone. We performed a prospective randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, during 18 months. A total of 45 healthy sexually active postmenopausal women reporting diminished libido were selected to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to receive 750 mg/d of T terrestris or placebo for 120 days. Randomization was performed using sealed envelopes. All participants answered the Female Sexual Function Index and the Sexual Quotient-female version questionnaires and had their serum levels of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, total testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin measured. A total of 36 participants completed the study, because 3 from each group were excluded due to side effects and 3 dropped out due to personal reasons. FSFI questionnaire results demonstrated an improvement in all domains in both groups (P < 0.05) except for lubrication which was improved only in the study group. QS-F results showed a significant improvement in the domains of desire (P < 0.01), arousal/lubrication (P = 0.02), pain (P = 0.02), and anorgasmia (P < 0.01) in women who used T terrestris, whereas no improvement was observed in the placebo group (P > 0.05). Moreover, free and bioavailable testosterone levels showed a significant increase in the T terrestris group (P < 0.05). Tribulus terrestris might be a safe alternative for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women, because it was effective in reducing symptoms with few side effects. Its probable mechanism of action involves an increase in the serum levels of free and bioavailable testosterone.

Bandwidth-induced reversal of asymmetry in optical-double-resonance amplitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nitz, D. E.; Smith, A. V.; Levenson, M. D.; Smith, S. J.

1981-07-01

Optical-double-resonance measurements using ionization detection have been carried out in the 3S12-3P12-4D atomic-sodium system. Asymmetries observed in production of 4D atoms from the two components of the Stark-split 3P12 state are found to be controlled by the far, very weak wings of the 17-MHz full-width-at-half-maximum laser line which is used to drive the 3S12-3P12 transition at detunings in the range 0-70 GHz. Suppression of the wings with a Fabry-Perot filter causes a pronounced reversal of the asymmetry.

B-DNA Structure and Stability as Function of Nucleic Acid Composition: Dispersion-Corrected DFT Study of Dinucleoside Monophosphate Single and Double Strands

PubMed Central

Barone, Giampaolo; Fonseca Guerra, Célia; Bickelhaupt, F Matthias

2013-01-01

We have computationally investigated the structure and stability of all 16 combinations of two out of the four natural DNA bases A, T, G and C in a di-2′-deoxyribonucleoside-monophosphate model DNA strand as well as in 10 double-strand model complexes thereof, using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D). Optimized geometries with B-DNA conformation were obtained through the inclusion of implicit water solvent and, in the DNA models, of sodium counterions, to neutralize the negative charge of the phosphate groups. The results obtained allowed us to compare the relative stability of isomeric single and double strands. Moreover, the energy of the Watson–Crick pairing of complementary single strands to form double-helical structures was calculated. The latter furnished the following increasing stability trend of the double-helix formation energy: d(TpA)2

Resonance Frequency Tuning of a Double Ring Resonator in GaInAsP/InP: Experiment and Simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rabus, Dominik Gerhard; Hamacher, Michael; Heidrich, Helmut

2002-02-01

A racetrack shaped double ring resonator (DRR) filter is demonstrated with radii of 200 μm. The double ring resonator contains two -3 dB multimode interference (MMI) couplers for I/O coupling and a -13 dB codirectional coupler in between the rings. A free spectral range of 50 GHz has been realized. A simulation model has been developed to describe the DRR. As fabrication tolerances do not allow the realization of two identical rings with required nm-circumference accuracy in the resonator, a frequency alignment of the resonator is indispensable. The resonance frequency tuning is performed thermally using platinum resistors which have been placed on top of the waveguides in both rings. An on-off ratio increase has been achieved of more than 3 dB, resulting in a total on-off ratio larger than 18 dB. The frequency alignment is inevitable in the case of multiple coupled micro ring resonators.

The effect of phloroglucinol on pain in first-trimester surgical abortion: a double-blind randomized controlled study.

PubMed

Zhuang, Yaling; Zhu, Xiufang; Huang, Li-Li

2010-02-01

First-trimester surgical abortion is a common procedure. Pain control during this procedure is still an unsolved problem. In this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study, women presenting for first-trimester surgical abortion received intramuscular phloroglucinol (4 mL) or placebo (normal saline, 4 mL). Visual analog scales (VAS) for pain immediately and 30 min after the procedure and side effects of the drug were recorded. There was no significant difference between groups in the pain level immediately and 30 min after the procedure; 70.7% of the phloroglucinol group (n=58 cases) and 56.9% of the placebo group (n=58 cases ) reported mild pain; 27.6% and 34.5%, respectively, reported moderate pain; and 1.7% and 8.6%, respectively, reported severe pain. Thirty minutes after the procedure, the median pain score was reduced to 1.3 in both groups. Postoperative side effects were reported, but there was no significant difference between groups for nausea or vomiting and blood pressure. The use of this dose of phloroglucinol, during first-trimester abortion by suction evacuation under local anesthesia with lidocaine, did not relieve pain, but caused no side effects.

3. SOUTH AND WEST SIDES OF BUILDING 525. VIEW TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. SOUTH AND WEST SIDES OF BUILDING 525. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Acetylene Scrubbing Building-Product Development Laboratory, 700 feet South of December Seventh Avenue; 1030 feet East of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

3. SOUTH AND WEST SIDES OF BUILDING 514. VIEW TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. SOUTH AND WEST SIDES OF BUILDING 514. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Lewisite Reactor & Distilled Mustard Distillation Building, 420 feet South of December Seventh Avenue; 1070 feet East of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

5. WEST SIDE, FROM ACROSS 3RD STREET, LOOKING EAST, WITH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. WEST SIDE, FROM ACROSS 3RD STREET, LOOKING EAST, WITH NAVY EXCHANGE RETAIL SERVICE AT TOP OF STAIRS. - Oakland Naval Supply Center, Administration Building-Cafeteria, East of Third Street between D & E Streets, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

28. PENTHOUSE, ROOM 3005, LOOKING SOUTHWEST THROUGH DOUBLE DOORS. NORTH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. PENTHOUSE, ROOM 3005, LOOKING SOUTHWEST THROUGH DOUBLE DOORS. NORTH SIDE OF BUILDING. - Hughes Aircraft Company, Processing & Electronics Building, 6775 Centinela Avenue, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA

Double layers in expanding plasmas and their relevance to the auroral plasma processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Nagendra; Khazanov, George

2003-04-01

When a dense plasma consisting of a cold and a sufficiently warm electron population expands, a rarefaction shock forms [, 1978]. In the expansion of the polar wind in the magnetosphere, it has been previously shown that when a sufficiently warm electron population also exists, in addition to the usual cold ionospheric one, a discontinuity forms in the electrostatic potential distribution along the magnetic field lines [, 1984]. Despite the lack of spatial resolution and the assumption of quasi-neutrality in the polar wind models, such discontinuities have been called double layers (DLs). Recently similar discontinuities have been invoked to partly explain the auroral acceleration of electrons and ions in the upward current region [, 2000]. By means of one-dimensional Vlasov simulations of expanding plasmas, for the first time we make here the connection between (1) the rarefaction shocks, (2) the discontinuities in the potential distributions, and (3) DLs. We show that when plasmas expand from opposite directions into a deep density cavity with a potential drop across it and when the plasma on the high-potential side contains hot and cold electron populations, the temporal evolution of the potential and the plasma distribution generates evolving multiple double layers with an extended density cavity between them. One of the DLs is the rarefaction-shock (RFS) and it forms by the reflections of the cold electrons coming from the high-potential side; it supports a part of the potential drop approximately determined by the hot electron temperature. The other DLs evolve from charge separations arising either from reflection of ions coming from the low-potential side or stemming from plasma instabilities; they support the rest of the potential drop. The instabilities forming these additional double layers involve electron-ion (e-i) Buneman or ion-ion (i-i) two-stream interactions. The electron-electron two-stream interactions on the high-potential side of the RFS generate electron-acoustic waves, which evolve into electron phase-space holes. The ion population originating from the low-potential side and trapped by the RFS is energized by the e-i and i-i instabilities and it eventually precipitates into the high-potential plasma along with an electron beam. Applications of these findings to the auroral plasma physics are discussed.

Double Layers in Expanding Plasmas and Their Relevance to the Auroral Plasma Processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, Nagendra; Khazanov, George

2003-01-01

When a dense plasma consisting of a cold and a sufficiently warm electron population expands, a rarefaction shock forms [Bezzerides et al., 1978]. In the expansion of the polar wind in the magnetosphere, it has been previously shown that when a sufficiently warm electron population also exists, in addition to the usual cold ionospheric one, a discontinuity forms in the electrostatic potential distribution along the magnetic field lines [Barakat and Schunk, 1984]. Despite the lack of spatial resolution and the assumption of quasi-neutrality in the polar wind models, such discontinuities have been called double layers (DLs). Recently similar discontinuities have been invoked to partly explain the auroral acceleration of electrons and ions in the upward current region [Ergun et al., 2000]. By means of one-dimensional Vlasov simulations of expanding plasmas, for the first time we make here the connection between (1) the rarefaction shocks, (2) the discontinuities in the potential distributions, and (3) DLs. We show that when plasmas expand from opposite directions into a deep density cavity with a potential drop across it and when the plasma on the high-potential side contains hot and cold electron populations, the temporal evolution of the potential and the plasma distribution generates evolving multiple double layers with an ,extended density cavity between them. One of the DLs is the rarefaction-shock (RFS) and it forms by the reflections of the cold electrons coming from the high-potential side; it supports a part of the potential drop approximately determined by the hot electron temperature. The other DLs evolve from charge separations arising either from reflection of ions coming from the low-potential side or stemming from plasma instabilities; they support the rest of the potential drop. The instabilities forming these additional double layers involve electron-ion (e-i) Buneman or ion-ion (i-i) two-stream interactions. The electron-electron two-stream interactions on the high-potential side of the RFS generate electron-acoustic waves, which evolve into electron phase-space holes. The ion population originating from the low-potential side and trapped by the RFS is energized by the e-i and i-i instabilities and it eventually precipitates into the high-potential plasma along with an electron beam. Applications of these findings to the auroral plasma physics are discussed.

Gecko-inspired bidirectional double-sided adhesives.

PubMed

Wang, Zhengzhi; Gu, Ping; Wu, Xiaoping

2014-05-14

A new concept of gecko-inspired double-sided adhesives (DSAs) is presented. The DSAs, constructed by dual-angled (i.e. angled base and angled tip) micro-pillars on both sides of the backplane substrate, are fabricated by combinations of angled etching, mould replication, tip modification, and curing bonding. Two types of DSA, symmetric and antisymmetric (i.e. pillars are patterned symmetrically or antisymmetrically relative to the backplane), are fabricated and studied in comparison with the single-sided adhesive (SSA) counterparts through both non-conformal and conformal tests. Results indicate that the DSAs show controllable and bidirectional adhesion. Combination of the two pillar-layers can either amplify (for the antisymmetric DSA, providing a remarkable and durable adhesion capacity of 25.8 ± 2.8 N cm⁻² and a high anisotropy ratio of ∼8) or counteract (for the symmetric DSA, generating almost isotropic adhesion) the adhesion capacity and anisotropic level of one SSA (capacity of 16.2 ± 1.7 N cm⁻² and anisotropy ratio of ∼6). We demonstrate that these two DSAs can be utilized as a facile fastener for two individual objects and a small-scale delivery setup, respectively, complementing the functionality of the commonly studied SSA. As such, the double-sided patterning is believed to be a new branch in the further development of biomimetic dry adhesives.

Comparison of fiber lasers based on distributed side-coupled cladding-pumped fibers and double-cladding fibers.

PubMed

Huang, Zhihe; Cao, Jianqiu; Guo, Shaofeng; Chen, Jinbao; Xu, Xiaojun

2014-04-01

We compare both analytically and numerically the distributed side-coupled cladding-pumped (DSCCP) fiber lasers and double cladding fiber (DCF) lasers. We show that, through optimization of the coupling and absorbing coefficients, the optical-to-optical efficiency of DSCCP fiber lasers can be made as high as that of DCF lasers. At the same time, DSCCP fiber lasers are better than the DCF lasers in terms of thermal management.

The dominant role of side chains in supramolecular double helical organisation in synthetic tripeptides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, Ankita; Tiwari, Priyanka; Dutt Konar, Anita

2018-06-01

Peptide self-assembled nanostructures have attracted attention recently owing to their promising applications in diversified avenues. To validate the importance of sidechains in supramolecular architectural stabilization, herein this report describes the self-assembly propensities involving weak interactions in a series of model tripeptides Boc-Xaa-Aib-Yaa-OMe I-IV, (where Xaa = 4-F-Phe/NMeSer/Ile & Yaa = Tyr in peptide I-III respectively and Xaa = 4-F-Phe & Yaa = Ile in peptide IV) differing in terminal side chains. The solid state structural analysis reveals that tripeptide (I) displays supramolecular preference for double helical architecture. However, when slight modification has been introduced in the N-terminal side chains disfavour the double helical organisation (Peptide II and III). Indeed the peptides display sheet like ensemble within the framework. Besides replacement of C-terminal Tyr by Ile in peptide I even do not promote the architecture, emphasizing the dominant role of balance of side chains in stabilizing double helical organisation. The CD measurements, concentration dependant studies, NMR titrations and ROESY spectra are well in agreement with the solid state conformational investigation. Moreover the morphological experiments utilizing FE-SEM, support the heterogeneity present in the peptides. Thus this work may not only hold future promise in understanding the structure and function of neurodegenerative diseases but also assist in rational design of protein modification in biologically active peptides.

The Combination of Spherical Photogrammetry and UAV for 3D Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ihsanudin, T.; Affriani, A. R.

2017-12-01

The complete of 3D models required the object that was recorded from both side and top. If the object recorded from above, then the object from the side can not be covered, and if the objects recorded from the side, it can not be covered from the top. Recording of objects from the side using spherical photogrammetry method and from the top using UAV method. The merge of both models using a conform transformation, by bringing the spherical photogrammetry coordinates system to the UAV model. The object of this research is Ratu Boko temple, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The spherical photogrammetry recording was performed by rotating the camera in 360° angle on the entire area of the temple. The area consists of 12 stations. The UAV method uses a drone with flight attitude of 20 meters. The merge of the both models produced the completeness of the temple model from the top and side.

Wean-to-finish feeder space availability effects on nursery and finishing pig performance and total tract digestibility in a commercial setting when feeding dried distillers grains with solubles.

PubMed

Weber, E K; Stalder, K J; Patience, J F

2015-04-01

The study objectives were to determine nursery phase feeder space allowance effects on pig performance when double stocked and, second, to determine feeder space allowance and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) inclusion level effects on pig performance and nutrient digestibility during the growing-finishing phase. This study was performed on the same group of pigs within a commercial wean-finish system. For the nursery phase, a completely randomized design was used to compare 3 feeder space allowance treatments (2.1, 2.5, and 2.9 cm/pig). A total of 3,720 pigs were randomly allotted to same-sex pens (10 feeders/treatment) housing 62 pigs/pen. Thirty 7-hole, double-sided feeders were utilized in the study. Differing linear feeder space treatments were established by blocking off sections for the nursery and grow-finish portions of this experiment. All pigs were provided equal floor space (0.26 m2/pig). In the grow-finish phase, a total of 1,860 pigs (n = 60 pens) were utilized in a 2 × 3 factorial design with 3 feeder space allowances (4.1, 4.9, or 5.7 cm/pig) and 2 dietary DDGS treatments (30% [D30] or 60% [D60]). Fecal and diet samples were collected and analyzed to estimate apparent total tract digestibility percentage (ATTD %). In the nursery portion of the trial, there was no feeder space treatment effect on ADG, ADFI, or feed efficiency (P > 0.10) from weaning to d 56 postweaning or during any weigh period. In the grow-finish portion of the trial, feeder space allowance and DDGS inclusion level did not affect ADG, ADFI, or feed efficiency (P > 0.05) from d 57 postweaning to market. Pigs fed the D30 diet had greater HCW, percent yield, and loin depth than those on the D60 diet (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the D30 treatment had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD for DM and GE for both collection periods compared with those on the D60 treatment. In summary, feeder space allowance did not impact pig performance during the nursery or grow-finish production phases. Inclusion of DDGS at higher levels will decrease ADFI but not ADG or efficiency when isocaloric diets are fed. The inclusion level of DDGS does impact HCW and percent yield because of increasing intestinal weights when pigs are fed diets containing increasing DDGS inclusion rates. Dry matter and energy digestibility were greater in pigs fed the lower DDGS treatment.

Gating the glutamate gate of CLC-2 chloride channel by pore occupancy

PubMed Central

De Jesús-Pérez, José J.; Castro-Chong, Alejandra; Shieh, Ru-Chi; Hernández-Carballo, Carmen Y.; De Santiago-Castillo, José A.

2016-01-01

CLC-2 channels are dimeric double-barreled chloride channels that open in response to hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization activates protopore gates that independently regulate the permeability of the pore in each subunit and the common gate that affects the permeability through both pores. CLC-2 channels lack classic transmembrane voltage–sensing domains; instead, their protopore gates (residing within the pore and each formed by the side chain of a glutamate residue) open under repulsion by permeant intracellular anions or protonation by extracellular H+. Here, we show that voltage-dependent gating of CLC-2: (a) is facilitated when permeant anions (Cl−, Br−, SCN−, and I−) are present in the cytosolic side; (b) happens with poorly permeant anions fluoride, glutamate, gluconate, and methanesulfonate present in the cytosolic side; (c) depends on pore occupancy by permeant and poorly permeant anions; (d) is strongly facilitated by multi-ion occupancy; (e) is absent under likely protonation conditions (pHe = 5.5 or 6.5) in cells dialyzed with acetate (an impermeant anion); and (f) was the same at intracellular pH 7.3 and 4.2; and (g) is observed in both whole-cell and inside-out patches exposed to increasing [Cl−]i under unlikely protonation conditions (pHe = 10). Thus, based on our results we propose that hyperpolarization activates CLC-2 mainly by driving intracellular anions into the channel pores, and that protonation by extracellular H+ plays a minor role in dislodging the glutamate gate. PMID:26666914

Three-Dimensional Effects on Multi-Element High Lift Computations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rumsey, Christopher L.; Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.; Watson, Ralph D.

2002-01-01

In an effort to discover the causes for disagreement between previous 2-D computations and nominally 2-D experiment for flow over the 3-clement McDonnell Douglas 30P-30N airfoil configuration at high lift, a combined experimental/CFD investigation is described. The experiment explores several different side-wall boundary layer control venting patterns, document's venting mass flow rates, and looks at corner surface flow patterns. The experimental angle of attack at maximum lift is found to be sensitive to the side wall venting pattern: a particular pattern increases the angle of attack at maximum lift by at least 2 deg. A significant amount of spanwise pressure variation is present at angles of attack near maximum lift. A CFD study using 3-D structured-grid computations, which includes the modeling of side-wall venting, is employed to investigate 3-D effects of the flow. Side-wall suction strength is found to affect the angle at which maximum lift is predicted. Maximum lift in the CFD is shown to be limited by the growth of all off-body corner flow vortex and consequent increase in spanwise pressure variation and decrease in circulation. The 3-D computations with and without wall venting predict similar trends to experiment at low angles of attack, but either stall too earl or else overpredict lift levels near maximum lift by as much as 5%. Unstructured-grid computations demonstrate that mounting brackets lower die the levels near maximum lift conditions.

3. DETAIL OF SOUTH AND WEST SIDES OF BUILDING 522. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. DETAIL OF SOUTH AND WEST SIDES OF BUILDING 522. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, White Phosphorous Filling-Acetylene Generation Building-Warehouse, 840 feet South of December Seventh Avenue; 1030 feet East of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

3. NORTH AND EAST SIDES OF BUILDING 1601/1606/1607. VIEW TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. NORTH AND EAST SIDES OF BUILDING 1601/1606/1607. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Cluster Bomb Assembly-Filling-Storage Building, 3500 feet South of Ninth Avenue; 2870 feet East of D Street, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

Double 90 Degrees Counterrotated End-to-End-Anastomosis: An Experimental Study of an Intestinal Anastomosis Technique.

PubMed

Holzner, Philipp; Kulemann, Birte; Seifert, Gabriel; Glatz, Torben; Chikhladze, Sophia; Höppner, Jens; Hopt, Ulrich; Timme, Sylvia; Bronsert, Peter; Sick, Olivia; Zhou, Cheng; Marjanovic, Goran

2015-06-01

The aim of the article is to investigate a new anastomotic technique compared with standardized intestinal anastomotic procedures. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were randomized to three groups. In the Experimental Group (n = 10), the new double 90 degrees inversely rotated anastomosis was used, in the End Group (n = 10) a single-layer end-to-end anastomosis, and in the Side Group (n = 12) a single-layer side-to-side anastomosis. All anastomoses were done using interrupted sutures. On postoperative day 4, rats were relaparotomized. Bursting pressure, hydroxyproline concentration, a semiquantitative adhesion score and two histological anastomotic healing scores (mucosal healing according to Chiu and overall anastomotic healing according to Verhofstad) were collected. Most data are presented as median (range). p < 0.05 was considered significant. Anastomotic insufficiency occurred only in one rat of the Side Group. Median bursting pressure in the Experimental Group was 105 mm Hg (range = 72-161 mm Hg), significantly higher in the End Group (164 mm Hg; range = 99-210 mm Hg; p = 0.021) and lower in the Side Group by trend (81 mm Hg; range = 59-122 mm Hg; p = 0.093). Hydroxyproline concentration did not differ significantly in between the groups. The adhesion score was 2.5 (range = 1-3) in the Experimental Group, 2 (range = 1-2) in the End Group, but there were significantly more adhesions in the Side Group (range = 3-4); p = 0.020 versus Experimental Group, p < 0.001 versus End Group. The Chiu Score showed the worst mucosal healing in the Experimental Group. The overall Verhofstad Score was significantly worse (mean = 2.032; standard deviation [SD] = 0.842) p = 0.031 and p = 0.002 in the Experimental Group, compared with the Side Group (mean = 1.729; SD = 0.682) and the End Group (mean = 1.571; SD = 0.612). The new anastomotic technique is feasible and did not show any relevant complication. Even though it was superior to the side-to-side anastomosis by trend with respect to functional stability, mucosal healing surprisingly showed the worst results. Classical end-to-end anastomosis still seems to be the best choice regarding structural and functional anastomotic stability. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Super-resolution photon-efficient imaging by nanometric double-helix point spread function localization of emitters (SPINDLE)

PubMed Central

Grover, Ginni; DeLuca, Keith; Quirin, Sean; DeLuca, Jennifer; Piestun, Rafael

2012-01-01

Super-resolution imaging with photo-activatable or photo-switchable probes is a promising tool in biological applications to reveal previously unresolved intra-cellular details with visible light. This field benefits from developments in the areas of molecular probes, optical systems, and computational post-processing of the data. The joint design of optics and reconstruction processes using double-helix point spread functions (DH-PSF) provides high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging over a long depth-of-field. We demonstrate for the first time a method integrating a Fisher information efficient DH-PSF design, a surface relief optical phase mask, and an optimal 3D localization estimator. 3D super-resolution imaging using photo-switchable dyes reveals the 3D microtubule network in mammalian cells with localization precision approaching the information theoretical limit over a depth of 1.2 µm. PMID:23187521

PEG 3350 (Transipeg) versus lactulose in the treatment of childhood functional constipation: a double blind, randomised, controlled, multicentre trial.

PubMed

Voskuijl, W; de Lorijn, F; Verwijs, W; Hogeman, P; Heijmans, J; Mäkel, W; Taminiau, J; Benninga, M

2004-11-01

Recently, polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350) has been suggested as a good alternative laxative to lactulose as a treatment option in paediatric constipation. However, no large randomised controlled trials exist evaluating the efficacy of either laxative. To compare PEG 3350 (Transipeg: polyethylene glycol with electrolytes) with lactulose in paediatric constipation and evaluate clinical efficacy/side effects. One hundred patients (aged 6 months-15 years) with paediatric constipation were included in an eight week double blinded, randomised, controlled trial. After faecal disimpaction, patients <6 years of age received PEG 3350 (2.95 g/sachet) or lactulose (6 g/sachet) while children > or =6 years started with 2 sachets/day. Primary outcome measures were: defecation and encopresis frequency/week and successful treatment after eight weeks. Success was defined as a defecation frequency > or =3/week and encopresis < or =1 every two weeks. Secondary outcome measures were side effects after eight weeks of treatment. A total of 91 patients (49 male) completed the study. A significant increase in defecation frequency (PEG 3350: 3 pre v 7 post treatment/week; lactulose: 3 pre v 6 post/week) and a significant decrease in encopresis frequency (PEG 3350: 10 pre v 3 post/week; lactulose: 8 pre v 3 post/week) was found in both groups (NS). However, success was significantly higher in the PEG group (56%) compared with the lactulose group (29%). PEG 3350 patients reported less abdominal pain, straining, and pain at defecation than children using lactulose. However, bad taste was reported significantly more often in the PEG group. PEG 3350 (0.26 (0.11) g/kg), compared with lactulose (0.66 (0.32) g/kg), provided a higher success rate with fewer side effects. PEG 3350 should be the laxative of first choice in childhood constipation.

3D polymer gel dosimetry using a 3D (DESS) and a 2D MultiEcho SE (MESE) sequence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maris, Thomas G.; Pappas, Evangelos; Karolemeas, Kostantinos; Papadakis, Antonios E.; Zacharopoulou, Fotini; Papanikolaou, Nickolas; Gourtsoyiannis, Nicholas

2006-12-01

The utilization of 3D techniques in Magnetic Resonance Imaging data aquisition and post-processing analysis is a prerequisite especially when modern radiotherapy techniques (conformal RT, IMRT, Stereotactic RT) are to be used. The aim of this work is to compare a 3D Double Echo Steady State (DESS) and a 2D Multiple Echo Spin Echo (MESE) sequence in 3D MRI radiation dosimetry using two different MRI scanners and utilising N-VInylPyrrolidone (VIPAR) based polymer gels.

Side readout of long scintillation crystal elements with digital SiPM for TOF-DOI PET.

PubMed

Yeom, Jung Yeol; Vinke, Ruud; Levin, Craig S

2014-12-01

Side readout of scintillation light from crystal elements in positron emission tomography (PET) is an alternative to conventional end-readout configurations, with the benefit of being able to provide accurate depth-of-interaction (DOI) information and good energy resolution while achieving excellent timing resolution required for time-of-flight PET. This paper explores different readout geometries of scintillation crystal elements with the goal of achieving a detector that simultaneously achieves excellent timing resolution, energy resolution, spatial resolution, and photon sensitivity. The performance of discrete LYSO scintillation elements of different lengths read out from the end/side with digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs) has been assessed. Compared to 3 × 3 × 20 mm(3) LYSO crystals read out from their ends with a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 162 ± 6 ps FWHM and saturated energy spectra, a side-readout configuration achieved an excellent CRT of 144 ± 2 ps FWHM after correcting for timing skews within the dSiPM and an energy resolution of 11.8% ± 0.2% without requiring energy saturation correction. Using a maximum likelihood estimation method on individual dSiPM pixel response that corresponds to different 511 keV photon interaction positions, the DOI resolution of this 3 × 3 × 20 mm(3) crystal side-readout configuration was computed to be 0.8 mm FWHM with negligible artifacts at the crystal ends. On the other hand, with smaller 3 × 3 × 5 mm(3) LYSO crystals that can also be tiled/stacked to provide DOI information, a timing resolution of 134 ± 6 ps was attained but produced highly saturated energy spectra. The energy, timing, and DOI resolution information extracted from the side of long scintillation crystal elements coupled to dSiPM have been acquired for the first time. The authors conclude in this proof of concept study that such detector configuration has the potential to enable outstanding detector performance in terms of timing, energy, and DOI resolution.

Side readout of long scintillation crystal elements with digital SiPM for TOF-DOI PET

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yeom, Jung Yeol, E-mail: yeomjy@kumoh.ac.kr, E-mail: cslevin@stanford.edu; Vinke, Ruud; Levin, Craig S., E-mail: yeomjy@kumoh.ac.kr, E-mail: cslevin@stanford.edu

Purpose: Side readout of scintillation light from crystal elements in positron emission tomography (PET) is an alternative to conventional end-readout configurations, with the benefit of being able to provide accurate depth-of-interaction (DOI) information and good energy resolution while achieving excellent timing resolution required for time-of-flight PET. This paper explores different readout geometries of scintillation crystal elements with the goal of achieving a detector that simultaneously achieves excellent timing resolution, energy resolution, spatial resolution, and photon sensitivity. Methods: The performance of discrete LYSO scintillation elements of different lengths read out from the end/side with digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs) has been assessed.more » Results: Compared to 3 × 3 × 20 mm{sup 3} LYSO crystals read out from their ends with a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 162 ± 6 ps FWHM and saturated energy spectra, a side-readout configuration achieved an excellent CRT of 144 ± 2 ps FWHM after correcting for timing skews within the dSiPM and an energy resolution of 11.8% ± 0.2% without requiring energy saturation correction. Using a maximum likelihood estimation method on individual dSiPM pixel response that corresponds to different 511 keV photon interaction positions, the DOI resolution of this 3 × 3 × 20 mm{sup 3} crystal side-readout configuration was computed to be 0.8 mm FWHM with negligible artifacts at the crystal ends. On the other hand, with smaller 3 × 3 × 5 mm{sup 3} LYSO crystals that can also be tiled/stacked to provide DOI information, a timing resolution of 134 ± 6 ps was attained but produced highly saturated energy spectra. Conclusions: The energy, timing, and DOI resolution information extracted from the side of long scintillation crystal elements coupled to dSiPM have been acquired for the first time. The authors conclude in this proof of concept study that such detector configuration has the potential to enable outstanding detector performance in terms of timing, energy, and DOI resolution.« less

A high resolution and high speed 3D imaging system and its application on ATR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Thomas T.; Chao, Tien-Hsin

2006-04-01

The paper presents an advanced 3D imaging system based on a combination of stereo vision and light projection methods. A single digital camera is used to take only one shot of the object and reconstruct the 3D model of an object. The stereo vision is achieved by employing a prism and mirror setup to split the views and combine them side by side in the camera. The advantage of this setup is its simple system architecture, easy synchronization, fast 3D imaging speed and high accuracy. The 3D imaging algorithms and potential applications are discussed. For ATR applications, it is critically important to extract maximum information for the potential targets and to separate the targets from the background and clutter noise. The added dimension of a 3D model provides additional features of surface profile, range information of the target. It is capable of removing the false shadow from camouflage and reveal the 3D profile of the object. It also provides arbitrary viewing angles and distances for training the filter bank for invariant ATR. The system architecture can be scaled to take large objects and to perform area 3D modeling onboard a UAV.

A double perturbation method of postbuckling analysis in 2D curved beams for assembly of 3D ribbon-shaped structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Zhichao; Hwang, Keh-Chih; Rogers, John A.; Huang, Yonggang; Zhang, Yihui

2018-02-01

Mechanically-guided 3D assembly based on controlled, compressive buckling represents a promising, emerging approach for forming complex 3D mesostructures in advanced materials. Due to the versatile applicability to a broad set of material types (including device-grade single-crystal silicon) over length scales from nanometers to centimeters, a wide range of novel applications have been demonstrated in soft electronic systems, interactive bio-interfaces as well as tunable electromagnetic devices. Previously reported 3D designs relied mainly on finite element analyses (FEA) as a guide, but the massive numerical simulations and computational efforts necessary to obtain the assembly parameters for a targeted 3D geometry prevent rapid exploration of engineering options. A systematic understanding of the relationship between a 3D shape and the associated parameters for assembly requires the development of a general theory for the postbuckling process. In this paper, a double perturbation method is established for the postbuckling analyses of planar curved beams, of direct relevance to the assembly of ribbon-shaped 3D mesostructures. By introducing two perturbation parameters related to the initial configuration and the deformation, the highly nonlinear governing equations can be transformed into a series of solvable, linear equations that give analytic solutions to the displacements and curvatures during postbuckling. Systematic analyses of postbuckling in three representative ribbon shapes (sinusoidal, polynomial and arc configurations) illustrate the validity of theoretical method, through comparisons to the results of experiment and FEA. These results shed light on the relationship between the important deformation quantities (e.g., mode ratio and maximum strain) and the assembly parameters (e.g., initial configuration and the applied strain). This double perturbation method provides an attractive route to the inverse design of ribbon-shaped 3D geometries, as demonstrated in a class of helical mesostructures.

Intraindividual comparison of 1,470 nm diode laser versus carbon dioxide laser for tonsillotomy: a prospective, randomized, double blind, controlled feasibility trial.

PubMed

Havel, Miriam; Sroka, Ronald; Englert, Elsa; Stelter, Klaus; Leunig, Andreas; Betz, Christian S

2012-09-01

The need for reduction of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage has led to promotion of tonsillotomy techniques for tonsil tissue reduction in obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy. This trial compares ablative tissue effects using 1,470 nm diode laser and carbon dioxide laser for tonsillotomy in an intraindividual design. 21 children aged 3-13 years (mean age 6.3 years) underwent laser tonsillotomy for obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy in this double blind, prospective, randomized, clinical feasibility trial. In each of the blinded patients, tonsillotomy was performed using fiber guided 1,470 nm diode laser (contact mode, 15 W power) on the one side and carbon dioxide laser (12 W power) on the other side. An independent, blinded physician documented clinical presentation and patients' symptoms preoperatively and on Days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-operatively using standardized questionnaire including VAS for each side separately. The mean duration of operative treatment was 2.7 min using 1,470 nm laser and 4.9 min using carbon dioxide laser respectively. Intraoperative bleeding and the frequency of bipolar forceps use for intraoperative bleeding control was significantly less using 1,470 nm diode laser system. There was no difference in post-operative pain scores between the carbon dioxide laser treated and the 1,470 nm fiber guided diode laser treated side. No infections, hemorrhages or other complications occurred in the course of the 3 weeks post-operative period. A fiber-guided 1,470 nm diode laser system offers an efficient and safe method for tonsillotomy as treatment of obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy. Compared to our standard practice (carbon dioxide laser), 1,470 nm laser application provides comparable tissue ablation effects with less intraoperative bleeding and shorter operation time. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Memantine augmentation in clozapine-refractory schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.

PubMed

Veerman, S R T; Schulte, P F J; Smith, J D; de Haan, L

2016-07-01

Dysfunction of neuroplasticity due to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction may be a causal factor for memory and executive dysfunctioning in schizophrenia. Deregulation of NMDA transmission in the prefrontal cortex may also explain negative and positive symptoms. Clozapine augmentation with memantine targets altered NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission in schizophrenia and showed substantial beneficial effects on several symptom domains in a small proof-of-concept study. We evaluate effects of memantine add-on treatment to clozapine for memory and executive function, and negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Clozapine-treated patients with refractory schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of double-blind adjunctive treatment with memantine (n = 26) or placebo (n = 26). Crossover occurred after a 2-week placebo wash-out period. Primary endpoints were change from baseline to 12 weeks treatment and 14 weeks to 26 weeks treatment on memory and executive function using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S). Side effects were assessed using the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side-Effect Rating Scale. When compared with placebo, memantine improved a composite memory score comprising verbal recognition memory and paired associates learning task scores on the CANTAB (effect size = 0.30) and PANSS negative subscale score (effect size = 0.29). Side effects were mild and transient. In patients with clozapine-treated refractory schizophrenia, memantine addition significantly improved verbal and visual memory and negative symptoms without serious adverse effects. These results justify further investigations on long-term memantine augmentation to clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Micromachined three-dimensional electrode arrays for transcutaneous nerve tracking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rajaraman, Swaminathan; Bragg, Julian A.; Ross, James D.; Allen, Mark G.

2011-08-01

We report the development of metal transfer micromolded (MTM) three-dimensional microelectrode arrays (3D MEAs) for a transcutaneous nerve tracking application. The measurements of electrode-skin-electrode impedance (ESEI), electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction utilizing these minimally invasive 3D MEAs are demonstrated in this paper. The 3D MEAs used in these measurements consist of a metalized micro-tower array that can penetrate the outer layers of the skin in a painless fashion and are fabricated using MTM technology. Two techniques, an inclined UV lithography approach and a double-side exposure of thick negative tone resist, have been developed to fabricate the 3D MEA master structure. The MEAs themselves are fabricated from the master structure utilizing micromolding techniques. Metal patterns are transferred during the micromolding process, thereby ensuring reduced process steps compared to traditional silicon-based approaches. These 3D MEAs have been packaged utilizing biocompatible Kapton® substrates. ESEI measurements have been carried out on test human subjects with standard commercial wet electrodes as a reference. The 3D MEAs demonstrate an order of magnitude lower ESEI (normalized to area) compared to wet electrodes for an area that is 12.56 times smaller. This compares well with other demonstrated approaches in literature. For a nerve tracking demonstration, we have chosen EMG and nerve conduction measurements on test human subjects. The 3D MEAs show 100% improvement in signal power and SNR/√area as compared to standard electrodes. They also demonstrate larger amplitude signals and faster rise times during nerve conduction measurements. We believe that this microfabrication and packaging approach scales well to large-area, high-density arrays required for applications like nerve tracking. This development will increase the stimulation and recording fidelity of skin surface electrodes, while increasing their spatial resolution by an order of magnitude or more. Although biopotential electrode systems are not without their challenges, the non-invasive access to neural information, along with the potential for automation with associated electronic and software development, is precisely what makes this technology an excellent candidate for the next generation in diagnostic, therapeutic, and prosthetic devices.

Functional characterization of 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylases in Rhodococcus ruber strain chol-4.

PubMed

Guevara, Govinda; Heras, Laura Fernández de Las; Perera, Julián; Llorens, Juana María Navarro

2017-09-01

The 3-Ketosteroid-9α-Hydroxylase, also known as KshAB [androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (9α-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.13.142)], is a key enzyme in the general scheme of the bacterial steroid catabolism in combination with a 3-ketosteroid-Δ 1 -dehydrogenase activity (KstD), being both responsible of the steroid nucleus (rings A/B) breakage. KshAB initiates the opening of the steroid ring by the 9α-hydroxylation of the C9 carbon of 4-ene-3-oxosteroids (e.g. AD) or 1,4-diene-3-oxosteroids (e.g. ADD), transforming them into 9α-hydroxy-4-androsten-3,17-dione (9OHAD) or 9α-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (9OHADD), respectively. The redundancy of these enzymes in the actinobacterial genomes results in a serious difficulty for metabolic engineering this catabolic pathway to obtain intermediates of industrial interest. In this work, we have identified three homologous kshA genes and one kshB gen in different genomic regions of R. ruber strain Chol-4. We present a set of data that helps to understand their specific roles in this strain, including: i) description of the KshAB enzymes ii) construction and characterization of ΔkshB and single, double and triple ΔkshA mutants in R. ruber iii) growth studies of the above strains on different substrates and iv) genetic complementation and biotransformation assays with those strains. Our results show that KshA2 isoform is needed for the degradation of steroid substrates with short side chain, while KshA3 works on those molecules with longer side chains. KshA1 is a more versatile enzyme related to the cholic acid catabolism, although it also collaborates with KshA2 or KshA3 activities in the catabolism of steroids. Accordingly to what it is described for other Rhodococcus strains, our results also suggest that the side chain degradation is KshAB-independent. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Direct search for dark matter with DarkSide

DOE PAGES

Agnes, P.

2015-11-16

Here, the DarkSide experiment is designed for the direct detection of Dark Matter with a double phase liquid Argon TPC operating underground at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The TPC is placed inside a 30 tons liquid organic scintillator sphere, acting as a neutron veto, which is in turn installed inside a 1 kt water Cherenkov detector. The current detector is running since November 2013 with a 50 kg atmospheric Argon fill and we report here the first null results of a Dark Matter search for a (1422 ± 67) kg.d exposure. This result correspond to a 90% CL uppermore » limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.1 × 10 -44 cm 2 (for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c 2) and it's currently the most sensitive limit obtained with an Argon target.« less

Ultra-small and broadband polarization splitters based on double-slit interference

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, Chengwei; Li, Hongyun; Gong, Qihuang

2016-03-07

An ultra-small and broadband polarization splitter is numerically and experimentally demonstrated based on the double-slit interference in a polymer-film-coated double-slit structure. The hybrid slab waveguide (air-polymer-Au) supports both the transverse-magnetic and transverse-electric modes. The incident beam from the back side can excite these two guided modes of orthogonally polarized states in the hybrid structure. By exploiting the difference slit widths and the large mode birefringence, these two guided modes propagate to the opposite directions along the front metal surface. Moreover, the short interference length broadens the operation bandwidth. Experimentally, a polarization splitter with a lateral dimension of only about 1.6 μmmore » and an operation bandwidth of 50 nm is realized. By designing the double-slit structure in a hybrid strip waveguide, the device dimension can be significant downscaled to about 0.3 × 1.3 μm{sup 2}. Such an ultra-small and broadband polarization splitter may find important applications in the integrated photonic circuits.« less

Conformational studies of bacterial peptidoglycan: structure and stereochemistry of N-acetyl-β- D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-β- D-muramic acid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yadav, P. N. S.; Rai, D. K.; Yadav, J. S.

1989-03-01

The energies of various conformations of N-acetyl-β- D-glucosamine (NAG) and its 3-O- D-lactic acid derivative N-acetyl-β- D-muramic acid (NAM) have been calculated by geometry optimization using the molecular mechanics program MM2. The geometries of these systems have been analyzed in the light of ring torsion, bond lengths, bond angles and conformational states of side groups of the pyranosyl ring and compared with available experimental data of similar pyranose derivatives. The present study indicates the presence of hydrogen bonds to stabilize the side group conformations. Discrepancies with experimental data that are seen in a few cases are ascribed to the nature of the side groups and their geometry.

Advanced Polymer Network Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-01

double networks in a single step was identified from coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of polymer solvents bearing rigid side chains dissolved...in a polymer network. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations also explored the mechanical behavior of traditional double networks and...DRI), polymer networks, polymer gels, molecular dynamics simulations , double networks 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF

What Does Reflection from Cloud Sides Tell Us About Vertical Distribution of Cloud Droplet Sizes?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshak, Alexander; Martins, J. Vanderlei; Zubko, Victor; Kaufman, Yoram, J.

2005-01-01

Cloud development, the onset of precipitation and the effect of aerosol on clouds depend on the structure of the cloud profiles of droplet size and phase. Aircraft measurements of cloud profiles are limited in their temporal and spatial extent. Satellites were used to observe cloud tops not cloud profiles with vertical profiles of precipitation-sized droplets anticipated from Cloudsat. The recently proposed CLAIM-3D satellite mission (cloud aerosol interaction mission in 3D) suggests to measure profiles of cloud microphysical properties by retrieving them from the solar and infrared radiation reflected or emitted from cloud sides. Inversion of measurements from the cloud sides requires rigorous understanding of the 3-dimensional (3D) properties of clouds. Here we discuss the reflected sunlight from the cloud sides and top at two wavelengths: one nonabsorbing to solar radiation (0.67 micrometers) and one with liquid water efficient absorption of solar radiation (2.1 micrometers). In contrast to the plane-parallel approximation, a conventional approach to all current operational retrievals, 3D radiative transfer is used for interpreting the observed reflectances. General properties of the radiation reflected from the sides of an isolated cloud are discussed. As a proof of concept, the paper shows a few examples of radiation reflected from cloud fields generated by a simple stochastic cloud model with the prescribed vertically resolved microphysics. To retrieve the information about droplet sizes, we propose to use the probability density function of the droplet size distribution and its first two moments instead of the assumption about fixed values of the droplet effective radius. The retrieval algorithm is based on the Bayesian theorem that combines prior information about cloud structure and microphysics with radiative transfer calculations.

Side Chain Engineering on Medium Bandgap Copolymers to Suppress Triplet Formation for High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells.

PubMed

Xue, Lingwei; Yang, Yankang; Xu, Jianqiu; Zhang, Chunfeng; Bin, Haijun; Zhang, Zhi-Guo; Qiu, Beibei; Li, Xiaojun; Sun, Chenkai; Gao, Liang; Yao, Jia; Chen, Xiaofeng; Yang, Yunxu; Xiao, Min; Li, Yongfang

2017-10-01

Suppression of carrier recombination is critically important in realizing high-efficiency polymer solar cells. Herein, it is demonstrated difluoro-substitution of thiophene conjugated side chain on donor polymer can suppress triplet formation for reducing carrier recombination. A new medium bandgap 2D-conjugated D-A copolymer J91 is designed and synthesized with bi(alkyl-difluorothienyl)-benzodithiophene as donor unit and fluorobenzotriazole as acceptor unit, for taking the advantages of the synergistic fluorination on the backbone and thiophene side chain. J91 demonstrates enhanced absorption, low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, and higher hole mobility, in comparison with its control polymer J52 without fluorination on the thiophene side chains. The transient absorption spectra indicate that J91 can suppress the triplet formation in its blend film with n-type organic semiconductor acceptor m-ITIC (3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(3-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2,3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']-dithiophene). With these favorable properties, a higher power conversion efficiency of 11.63% with high V OC of 0.984 V and high J SC of 18.03 mA cm -2 is obtained for the polymer solar cells based on J91/m-ITIC with thermal annealing. The improved photovoltaic performance by thermal annealing is explained from the morphology change upon thermal annealing as revealed by photoinduced force microscopy. The results indicate that side chain engineering can provide a new solution to suppress carrier recombination toward high efficiency, thus deserves further attention. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

What does Reflection from Cloud Sides tell us about Vertical Distribution of Cloud Droplet Sizes?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshak, A.; Martins, J. V.; Zubko, V.; Kaufman, Y. J.

2006-01-01

Cloud development, the onset of precipitation and the effect of aerosol on clouds depend on the structure of the cloud profiles of droplet size and phase. Aircraft measurements of cloud profiles are limited in their temporal and spatial extent. Satellites were used to observe cloud tops not cloud profiles with vertical profiles of precipitation-sized droplets anticipated from CloudSat. The recently proposed CLAIM-3D satellite mission (cloud aerosol interaction mission in 3-D) suggests to measure profiles of cloud microphysical properties by retrieving them from the solar and infrared radiation reflected or emitted from cloud sides. Inversion of measurements from the cloud sides requires rigorous understanding of the 3-dimentional(3-D) properties of clouds. Here we discuss the reflected sunlight from the cloud sides and top at two wavelengths: one nonabsorbing to solar radiation (0.67 microns) and one with liquid water efficient absorption of solar radiation (2.1 microns). In contrast to the plane-parallel approximation, a conventional approach to all current operational retrievals, 3-D radiative transfer is used for interpreting the observed reflectances. General properties of the radiation reflected from the sides of an isolated cloud are discussed. As a proof of concept, the paper shows a few examples of radiation reflected from cloud fields generated by a simple stochastic cloud model with the prescribed vertically resolved microphysics. To retrieve the information about droplet sizes, we propose to use the probability density function of the droplet size distribution and its first two moments instead of the assumption about fixed values of the droplet effective radius. The retrieval algorithm is based on the Bayesian theorem that combines prior information about cloud structure and microphysics with radiative transfer calculations.

The Human Side of Cyber Conflict: Organizing, Training, and Equipping the Air Force Cyber Workforce

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

Breakdown of the 17D community as of 31 March 2014. (Reproduced from 17D Officer Assignment Team, Cyberspace Operations “Spread the Word” briefing, 9– 11 ...surety 3D0X4 Computer systems programs 3D1X1 Client systems 3D1X2 Cyber transport 3D1X3 Radio frequency transport 3D1X4 Spectrum operations 3D1X5 Radar...Computer systems programs 3D1X1 Client systems 3D1X2 Cyber transport systems 3D1X3 Radio frequency transmissionsystems FORCE DEVELOPMENT │ 123 Table 8

Numerical simulation of nonstationary dissipative structures in 3D double-diffusive convection at large Rayleigh numbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozitskiy, Sergey

2018-06-01

Numerical simulation of nonstationary dissipative structures in 3D double-diffusive convection has been performed by using the previously derived system of complex Ginzburg-Landau type amplitude equations, valid in a neighborhood of Hopf bifurcation points. Simulation has shown that the state of spatiotemporal chaos develops in the system. It has the form of nonstationary structures that depend on the parameters of the system. The shape of structures does not depend on the initial conditions, and a limited number of spectral components participate in their formation.

Numerical simulation of nonstationary dissipative structures in 3D double-diffusive convection at large Rayleigh numbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozitskiy, Sergey

2018-05-01

Numerical simulation of nonstationary dissipative structures in 3D double-diffusive convection has been performed by using the previously derived system of complex Ginzburg-Landau type amplitude equations, valid in a neighborhood of Hopf bifurcation points. Simulation has shown that the state of spatiotemporal chaos develops in the system. It has the form of nonstationary structures that depend on the parameters of the system. The shape of structures does not depend on the initial conditions, and a limited number of spectral components participate in their formation.

Precisely relocated seismicity using 3-D seismic velocity model by double-difference tomography method and orogenic processes in central and southern Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagai, S.; Wu, Y.; Suppe, J.; Hirata, N.

2009-12-01

The island of Taiwan is located in the site of ongoing arc-continent collision zone between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Numerous geophysical and geological studies are done in and around Taiwan to develop various models to explain the tectonic processes in the Taiwan region. The active and young tectonics and the associated high seismicity in Taiwan provide us with unique opportunity to explore and understand the processes in the region related to the arc-continent collision. Nagai et al. [2009] imaged eastward dipping alternate high- and low-velocity bodies at depths of 5 to 25 km from the western side of the Central Mountain Range to the eastern part of Taiwan, by double-difference tomography [Zhang and Thurber, 2003] using three temporary seismic networks with the Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network(CWBSN). These three temporary networks are the aftershock observation after the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake and two dense linear array observations; one is across central Taiwan in 2001, another is across southern Taiwan in 2005, respectively. We proposed a new orogenic model, ’Upper Crustal Stacking Model’ inferred from our tomographic images. To understand the detailed seismic structure more, we carry on relocating earthquakes more precisely in central and southern Taiwan, using three-dimensional velocity model [Nagai et al., 2009] and P- and S-wave arrival times both from the CWBSN and three temporary networks. We use the double-difference tomography method to improve relative and absolute location accuracy simultaneously. The relocated seismicity is concentrated and limited along the parts of boundaries between low- and high-velocity bodies. Especially, earthquakes occurred beneath the Eastern Central Range, triggered by 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, delineate subsurface structural boundaries, compared with profiles of estimated seismic velocity. The relocated catalog and 3-D seismic velocity model give us some constraints to reconstruct the orogenic model in Taiwan. We show these relocated seismicity with P- and S-wave velocity profiles, with focal mechanisms [e.g. Wu et al., 2008] and spatio-temporal variation, in central and southern Taiwan and discuss tectonic processes in Taiwan.

3D Double-Quantum/Double-Quantum Exchange Spectroscopy of Protons under 100 kHz Magic Angle Spinning.

PubMed

Zhang, Rongchun; Duong, Nghia Tuan; Nishiyama, Yusuke; Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy

2017-06-22

Solid-state 1 H NMR spectroscopy has attracted much attention in the recent years due to the remarkable spectral resolution improvement by ultrafast magic-angle-spinning (MAS) as well as due to the sensitivity enhancement rendered by proton detection. Although these developments have enabled the investigation of a variety of challenging chemical and biological solids, the proton spectral resolution is still poor for many rigid solid systems owing to the presence of conformational heterogeneity and the unsuppressed residual proton-proton dipolar couplings even with the use of the highest currently feasible sample spinning speed of ∼130 kHz. Although a further increase in the spinning speed of the sample could be beneficial to some extent, there is a need for alternate approaches to enhance the spectral resolution. Herein, by fully utilizing the benefits of double-quantum (DQ) coherences, we propose a single radio frequency channel proton-based 3D pulse sequence that correlates double-quantum (DQ), DQ, and single-quantum (SQ) chemical shifts of protons. In addition to the two-spin homonuclear proximity information, the proposed 3D DQ/DQ/SQ experiment also enables the extraction of three-spin and four-spin proximities, which could be beneficial for revealing the dipolar coupled proton network in the solid state. Besides, the 2D DQ/DQ spectrum sliced at different isotropic SQ chemical shift values of the 3D DQ/DQ/SQ spectrum will also facilitate the identification of DQ correlation peaks and improve the spectral resolution, as it only provides the local homonuclear correlation information associated with the specific protons selected by the SQ chemical shift frequency. The 3D pulse sequence and its efficiency are demonstrated experimentally on small molecular compounds in the solid state. We expect that this approach would create avenues for further developments by suitably combining the benefits of partial deuteration of samples, selective excitation/decoupling pulses, heteronuclear spins for spectral editing, and nonuniform sampling.

A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with short-term beta-glucuronidase therapy in children with chronic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma due to dust mite allergy.

PubMed

Galli, E; Bassi, M S; Mora, E; Martelli, M; Gianni, S; Auricchio, G; Arabito, E; Rossi, P

2006-01-01

Enzyme potentiated desensitization, in which beta-glucuronidase (BG) is administered with low doses of mixed allergens, was proposed in the 1970s for specific immunotherapy. The BG currently commercially available in a purified and standardized preparation devoid of any allergen has been suggested as a regulator in the allergic immune response, acting on the cytokine-network of type 2 helper T cells. A double-blind trial with a single-dose of BG proved effective in preventing symptoms in adult patients with rhinoconjunctivitis due to grass pollens. The aim of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was to confirm the safety and effectiveness of double-dose intradermal BG immunotherapy in preventing symptoms in children suffering from chronic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma due to dust mite. We randomized 125 children with dust-mite related chronic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma to the BG treated group (67) or the placebo group (58). All patients were screened before treatment (TO), at BG or placebo administration (T1 and T3), and at 3 and 9 months after T1 (T2 and T4). Drug intake and bronchial, nasal and ocular symptoms were recorded in a diary. Patients in both groups completed the study and BG treatment was well tolerated without side effects. Significant differences in symptoms were observed, in particular for conjunctivitis (P= .008). The total drug intake for allergic symptoms was significantly lower in the treated group than in the placebo group (P<. 01). BG immunotherapy is efficacious, safe, and well tolerated in allergic children. Moreover, good compliance with the administration of 2 doses per year and the lack of significant side effects makes the benefit/risk ratio of this treatment particularly favorable.

A miniaturized HTS microwave receiver front-end subsystem for radar and communication applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bian, Yongbo; Guo, Jin; Gao, Changzheng; Li, Chunguang; Li, Hong; Wang, Jia; Cui, Bin; He, Xiaofeng; Li, Chao; Li, Na; Li, Guoqiang; Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Xueqiang; Meng, Jibao; He, Yusheng

2010-08-01

This paper presents a miniaturized high performance high temperature superconducting (HTS) microwave receiver front-end subsystem, which uses a mini stirling cryocooler to cool a high selective HTS filter and a low noise amplifier (LNA). The HTS filter was miniaturized by using specially designed compact resonators and fabricating with double-sided YBCO films on LAO substrate which has a relatively high permittivity. The LNA was specially designed to work at cryogenic temperature with noise figure of 0.27 dB at 71 K. The mini cryocooler, which is widely used in infrared detectors, has a smaller size (60 mm × 80 mm × 100 mm) and a lighter weight (340 g) than the stirling cryocoolers commonly used in other HTS filter subsystem. The whole front-end subsystem, including a HTS filter, a LNA, a cryocooler and the vacuum chamber, has a size of only φ120 mm × 175 mm and a weight of only 3.3 kg. The microwave devices inside the subsystem are working at 71.8 K with a consumed cooling power of 0.325 W. The center frequency of this subsystem is 925.2 MHz and the bandwidth is 2.7 MHz (which is a fractional bandwidth of 0.2%), with the gain of 19.75 dB at center frequency and the return loss better than -18.11 dB in the pass band. The stop band rejection is more than 60 dB and the skirt slope is exceeding 120 dB MHz -1. The noise figure of this subsystem is less than 0.8 dB. This front-end subsystem can be used in radars and communication systems conveniently due to it’s compact size and light weight.

Atomic-resolution structure of a disease-relevant Aβ(1–42) amyloid fibril

DOE PAGES

Wälti, Marielle Aulikki; Ravotti, Francesco; Arai, Hiromi; ...

2016-07-28

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is present in humans as a 39- to 42-amino acid residue metabolic product of the amyloid precursor protein. Although the two predominant forms, Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42), differ in only two residues, they display different biophysical, biological, and clinical behavior. Aβ(1–42) is the more neurotoxic species, aggregates much faster, and dominates in senile plaque of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Although small Aβ oligomers are believed to be the neurotoxic species, Aβ amyloid fibrils are, because of their presence in plaques, a pathological hallmark of AD and appear to play an important role in disease progression through cell-to-cell transmissibility. Here,more » we solved the 3D structure of a disease-relevant Aβ(1–42) fibril polymorph, combining data from solid-state NMR spectroscopy and mass-per-length measurements from EM. The 3D structure is composed of two molecules per fibril layer, with residues 15–42 forming a double-horseshoe–like cross–β-sheet entity with maximally buried hydrophobic side chains. Lastly, residues 1–14 are partially ordered and in a β-strand conformation, but do not display unambiguous distance restraints to the remainder of the core structure.« less

Atomic-resolution structure of a disease-relevant Aβ(1–42) amyloid fibril

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wälti, Marielle Aulikki; Ravotti, Francesco; Arai, Hiromi

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is present in humans as a 39- to 42-amino acid residue metabolic product of the amyloid precursor protein. Although the two predominant forms, Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42), differ in only two residues, they display different biophysical, biological, and clinical behavior. Aβ(1–42) is the more neurotoxic species, aggregates much faster, and dominates in senile plaque of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Although small Aβ oligomers are believed to be the neurotoxic species, Aβ amyloid fibrils are, because of their presence in plaques, a pathological hallmark of AD and appear to play an important role in disease progression through cell-to-cell transmissibility. Here,more » we solved the 3D structure of a disease-relevant Aβ(1–42) fibril polymorph, combining data from solid-state NMR spectroscopy and mass-per-length measurements from EM. The 3D structure is composed of two molecules per fibril layer, with residues 15–42 forming a double-horseshoe–like cross–β-sheet entity with maximally buried hydrophobic side chains. Lastly, residues 1–14 are partially ordered and in a β-strand conformation, but do not display unambiguous distance restraints to the remainder of the core structure.« less

Shape Factor Modeling and Simulation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

endloop, endfacet, endsolid; 14 double nx, ny, nz , v1x, v1y, v1z, v2x, v2y, v2z, v3x, v3y, v3z; 15 double ax, ay, az, bx, by, bz; 16 17 std::cin...solid >> name; 18 19 int n_facets = 0; 20 double total_area = 0., volume = 0., mean_area; 21 while ( std::cin >> facet >> normal >> nx >> ny >> nz ...nx(aybz − azby) + ny(azbx − axbz) + nz (axby − aybx)]. (13) 3.4.2 Volume Contribution from Each Facet Each facet, combined with another fixed point d

Pressure Fluctuation Characteristics of Narrow Gauge Train Running Through Tunnel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, Masahiro; Sakuma, Yutaka

Pressure fluctuations on the sides of narrow (1067 mm) gauge trains running in tunnels are measured for the first time to investigate the aerodynamic force acting on the trains. The present measurements are compared with earlier measurements obtained with the Shinkansen trains. The results are as follows: (1) The aerodynamic force, which stems from pressure fluctuations on the sides of cars, puts the energy into the vibration of the car body running through a tunnel. (2) While the pressure fluctuations appear only on one of the two sides of the trains running in double-track tunnels, the fluctuations in opposite phase on both sides in single-track tunnels. (3) The on-track test data of the narrow gauge trains show the same tendency as those of the Shinkansen trains, although it is suggested that the pressure fluctuations develop faster along the narrow gauge trains than the Shinkansen trains.

Asymmetric underlap spacer layer enabled nanoscale double gate MOSFETs for design of ultra-wideband cascode amplifiers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Debapriya; Biswas, Abhijit

2017-10-01

Using extensive numerical analysis we investigate effects of asymmetric sidewall spacers on various device parameters of 20-nm double gate MOSFETs associated with analog/RF applications. Our studies show that the device with underlap drain-side spacer length LED of 10 nm and source-side spacer length LES of 5 nm shows improvement in terms of the peak value of transconductance efficiency, voltage gain Av, unity-gain cut-off frequency fT and maximum frequency of oscillations fMAX by 8.6%, 51.7%, 5% and 10.3%, respectively compared to the symmetric 5 nm underlap spacer device with HfO2 spacer of dielectric constant k = 22. Additionally, a higher spacer dielectric constant increases the peak Av while decreasing both peak fT and fMAX. The detailed physical insight is exploited to design a cascode amplifier which yields an ultra-wide gain bandwidth of 2.48 THz at LED = 10 nm with a SiO2 spacer.

Stress analysis in tungsten and Si 3N 4 coated silicon wafers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ogilvie, Robert E.; Nicolich, Jeffrey

2009-08-01

A paper by G. Gerald Stoney [Gerald Stoney, The Tension of Metallic Films Deposited by Electrolysis, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 82 (1909) 172-175], entitled "The Tension of Metallic Films deposited by Electrolysis," was presented to the Royal Society of London by the Hon. C. A. Parsons. It was well known at that time that films deposited electrolytically were liable to peel off when exceeding a certain thickness. After examining many thin Steel rules of thickness d which have a thin, t, deposit of Nickel, which curved the Rule to a radius r. Taking the moments about the point b for the steel, Stoney then arrived at the following equation where the integral must be equal to zero; ∫d0(E/r)(b-x)xdx=0sothat b=2/3d From the solution of Eq. (1), we obtain the important fact that the neutral plane is at 2/3 the thickness of the rule from film surface. This also implies that the absolute value of the stress on the film side is twice that on the opposite side of the steel rule. The important point is that if the absolute stress in the silicon on the film side is twice that on the opposite side then the position of the neutral plane must be at 2/3 d. The purpose of this paper is to show that the neutral plane in silicon wafers, which have a thin film (~ 3 μm) of tungsten or Si 3N 4 is indeed at 2/3 the thickness of the wafer.

Interplay of 3 d - and 5 d -sublattice magnetism in the double perovskite substitution series La2Zn1 -xCoxIrO6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vogl, M.; Corredor, L. T.; Dey, T.; Morrow, R.; Scaravaggi, F.; Wolter, A. U. B.; Aswartham, S.; Wurmehl, S.; Büchner, B.

2018-01-01

We report on the interplay of 3 d - and 5 d -sublattice magnetism in polycrystalline samples of the double perovskite substitution series La2Zn1 -xCoxIrO6 . Powder x-ray diffraction reveals no major structural changes within the series. In magnetization measurements, a gradual shift of the transition temperature from TN ≈91 K for the Co parent compound to TN ≈8.7 K for the Zn parent compound is observed. The data on the Zn-rich members of the substitution series indicate that this is accompanied by changing roles of the 3 d sublattice of Co2 + and the strongly spin-orbit coupled 5 d -sublattice of Ir4 + with its jeff=1 /2 ground state, as a function of the Co/Zn ratio. Temperature-dependent specific-heat studies revealed a reduced magnetic entropy, pointing towards a large spin-orbit coupling and orbital contribution in the system.

Building a Unique Scenario to Support Cross-Mission Science with SPICE: The Siding-Spring comet encounter with Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Costa, M.; Witasse, O.; Sánchez-Cano, B.

2017-09-01

On October 2014, Mars experienced a close encounter with Comet Siding Spring. This contribution outlines a SPICE scenario built to assist studies combining MEX, MAVEN, Mars Odyssey, MSL, and Siding-Spring data focused on a Cosmographia 3D scenario.

Tibial rotation under combined in vivo loading after single- and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

PubMed

Tsarouhas, Alexander; Iosifidis, Michael; Spyropoulos, Giannis; Kotzamitelos, Dimitrios; Tsatalas, Themistoklis; Giakas, Giannis

2011-12-01

To evaluate in vivo the differences in tibial rotation between single- and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-reconstructed knees under combined loading conditions. An 8-camera optoelectronic system and a force plate were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data from 14 patients with double-bundle ACL reconstruction, 14 patients with single-bundle reconstruction, 12 ACL-deficient subjects, and 12 healthy control individuals while performing 2 tasks. The first included walking, 60° pivoting, and stair ascending, and the second included stair descending, 60° pivoting, and walking. The 2 variables evaluated were the maximum range of internal-external tibial rotation and the maximum knee rotational moment. Tibial rotation angles were not significantly different across the 4 groups (P = .331 and P = .851, respectively) or when side-to-side differences were compared within groups (P = .216 and P = .371, respectively) for the ascending and descending maneuvers, nor were rotational moments among the 4 groups (P = .418 and P = .290, respectively). Similarly, for the descending maneuver, the rotational moments were not significantly different between sides (P = .192). However, for the ascending maneuver, rotational moments of the affected sides were significantly lower by 20.5% and 18.7% compared with their intact counterparts in the single-bundle (P = .015) and double-bundle (P = .05) groups, respectively. High-intensity activities combining stair ascending or descending with pivoting produce similar tibial rotation in single- and double-bundle ACL-reconstructed patients. During such maneuvers, the reconstructed knee may be subjected to significantly lower rotational loads compared with the intact knee. Level III, retrospective comparative study. Copyright © 2011 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Mechanical properties of polylactic acid/beta-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold with double channels based on three-dimensional printing technique].

PubMed

Lian, Qin; Zhuang, Pei; Li, Changhai; Jin, Zhongmin; Li, Dichen

2014-03-01

To improve the poor mechanical strength of porous ceramic scaffold, an integrated method based on three-dimensional (3-D) printing technique is developed to incorporate the controlled double-channel porous structure into the polylactic acid/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PLA/beta-TCP) reinforced composite scaffolds (double-channel composite scaffold) to improve their tissue regeneration capability and the mechanical properties. The designed double-channel structure inside the ceramic scaffold consisted of both primary and secondary micropipes, which parallel but un-connected. The set of primary channels was used for cell ingrowth, while the set of secondary channels was used for the PLA perfusion. Integration technology of 3-D printing technique and gel-casting was firstly used to fabricate the double-channel ceramic scaffolds. PLA/beta-TCP composite scaffolds were obtained by the polymer gravity perfusion process to pour PLA solution into the double-channel ceramic scaffolds through the secondary channel set. Microscope, porosity, and mechanical experiments for the standard samples were used to evaluate the composite properties. The ceramic scaffold with only the primary channel (single-channel scaffold) was also prepared as a control. Morphology observation results showed that there was no PLA inside the primary channels of the double-channel composite scaffolds but a dense interface layer between PLA and beta-TCP obviously formed on the inner wall of the secondary channels by the PLA penetration during the perfusion process. Finite element simulation found that the compressive strength of the double-channel composite scaffold was less than that of the single-channel scaffold; however, mechanical tests found that the maximum compressive strength of the double-channel composite scaffold [(21.25 +/- 1.15) MPa] was higher than that of the single-channel scaffold[ (9.76 +/- 0.64) MPa]. The double-channel composite scaffolds fabricated by 3-D printing technique have controlled complex micropipes and can significantly enhance mechanical properties, which is a promising strategy to solve the contradiction of strength and high-porosity of the ceramic scaffolds for the bone tissue engineering application.

NASA Spacecraft Captures 3-D View of Massive Australian Wildfire

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-02-05

This 3-D view was created from data acquired Feb. 4, 2013 by NASA Terra spacecraft showing a massive wildfire which damaged Australia largest optical astronomy facility, the Siding Spring Observatory.

Complete indium-free CW 200W passively cooled high power diode laser array using double-side cooling technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jingwei; Zhu, Pengfei; Liu, Hui; Liang, Xuejie; Wu, Dihai; Liu, Yalong; Yu, Dongshan; Zah, Chung-en; Liu, Xingsheng

2017-02-01

High power diode lasers have been widely used in many fields. To meet the requirements of high power and high reliability, passively cooled single bar CS-packaged diode lasers must be robust to withstand thermal fatigue and operate long lifetime. In this work, a novel complete indium-free double-side cooling technology has been applied to package passively cooled high power diode lasers. Thermal behavior of hard solder CS-package diode lasers with different packaging structures was simulated and analyzed. Based on these results, the device structure and packaging process of double-side cooled CS-packaged diode lasers were optimized. A series of CW 200W 940nm high power diode lasers were developed and fabricated using hard solder bonding technology. The performance of the CW 200W 940nm high power diode lasers, such as output power, spectrum, thermal resistance, near field, far field, smile, lifetime, etc., is characterized and analyzed.

The fabrication and property of hydrophilic and hydrophobic double functional bionic chitosan film.

PubMed

Wang, Xiaohong; Xi, Zhen; Liu, Zhongxin; Yang, Liang; Cao, Yang

2011-11-01

A new kind of hydrophobic bionic chitosan film was fabricated by simulating the surface structure of lotus leaf. The titanium oxide nanotube array was used as templates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that one side of this films have nano-scale rough surface with spherical protrusions alike the surface of lotus leaf. The diameter of the protrusions is about 100 nm, which is equal to diameter of the titanium oxide nanotube. The water contact angle of chitosan films is up to 120 degrees and it is hydrophobic. The other side of the film is flat and the contact angle is 70 degrees. That indicated that the hydrophilism of natural materials is connected with the surface structures. The double functional chitosan films, one side is hydrophilic, the other is hydrophobic, can be made by an easy method. This method is non-toxic and clean. The double functional chitosan film will improve the application of chitosan films in medicine.

An optical MEMS accelerometer fabricated using double-sided deep reactive ion etching on silicon-on-insulator wafer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teo, Adrian J. T.; Li, Holden; Tan, Say Hwa; Yoon, Yong-Jin

2017-06-01

Optical MEMS devices provide fast detection, electromagnetic resilience and high sensitivity. Using this technology, an optical gratings based accelerometer design concept was developed for seismic motion detection purposes that provides miniaturization, high manufacturability, low costs and high sensitivity. Detailed in-house fabrication procedures of a double-sided deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer for a micro opto electro mechanical system (MOEMS) device are presented and discussed. Experimental results obtained show that the conceptual device successfully captured motion similar to a commercial accelerometer with an average sensitivity of 13.6 mV G-1, and a highest recorded sensitivity of 44.1 mV G-1. A noise level of 13.5 mV was detected due to experimental setup limitations. This is the first MOEMS accelerometer developed using double-sided DRIE on SOI wafer for the application of seismic motion detection, and is a breakthrough technology platform to open up options for lower cost MOEMS devices.

Flexible organic light-emitting diodes with enhanced light out-coupling efficiency fabricated on a double-sided nanotextured substrate.

PubMed

Luo, Yu; Wang, Chunhui; Wang, Li; Ding, Yucheng; Li, Long; Wei, Bin; Zhang, Jianhua

2014-07-09

High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have generated tremendous research interest. One of the exciting possibilities of OLEDs is the use of flexible plastic substrates, which unfortunately have a mismatching refractive index compared with the conventional ITO anode and the air. To unlock the light loss on flexible plastic, we report a high-efficiency flexible OLED directly fabricated on a double-sided nanotextured polycarbonate substrate by thermal nanoimprint lithography. The template for the nanoimprint process is a replicate from a silica arrayed with nanopillars and fabricated by ICP etching through a SiO2 colloidal spheres mask. It has been shown that with the internal quasi-periodical scattering gratings the efficiency enhancement can reach 50% for a green light OLED, and with an external antireflection structure, the normal transmittance is increased from 89% to 94% for paraboloid-like pillars. The OLED directly fabricated on the double-sided nanotextured polycarbonate substrate has reached an enhancing factor of ∼2.8 for the current efficiency.

Exploration of NMDA receptors in migraine: therapeutic and theoretic implications.

PubMed

Nicolodi, M; Sicuteri, F

1995-01-01

Pain intensity was observed before and after the subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of ketamine hydrochloride (80 micrograms/kg/s.c.) or saline (0.9% NaCl given by the same route) in 17 migraine (M) sufferers as an acute treatment of their M attacks. The same parameter was observed in another group of 17 M-sufferers complaining of very severe and frequent M attacks; these subjects were completely refractory to the prophylactic treatments currently used in M. In this second group, ketamine 80 micrograms/kg/s.c./three times a day) or saline was randomly assigned in a short (3-week) chronic treatment. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study design was used both when testing ketamine as an acute administration for relieving M attack and when comparing its effect to that of the placebo in a chronic treatment for preventing M-pain. Ketamine, but not placebo, produced a marked relief of pain both as an acute treatment and as a prophylactic therapy. Mild specific side-effects were observed in the majority of the patients treated with ketamine. Moreover in the placebo group, the majority of these patients also complained of side-effects. The present results support the hypothesis that N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors play an important role in the mechanisms of M.

Laser-assisted patterning of double-sided adhesive tapes for optofluidic chip integration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zamora, Vanessa; Janeczka, Christian; Arndt-Staufenbiel, Norbert; Havlik, George; Queisser, Marco; Schröder, Henning

2018-02-01

Portable high-sensitivity biosensors exhibit a growing demand in healthcare, food industry and environmental monitoring sectors. Optical biosensors based on photonic integration platforms are attractive candidates due to their high sensitivity, compactness and multiplexing capabilities. However, they need a low-cost and reliable integration with the microfluidic system. Laser-micropatterned double-sided biocompatible adhesive tapes are promising bonding layers for hybrid integration of an optofluidic biochip. As a part of the EU-PHOCNOSIS project, double-sided adhesive tapes have been proposed to integrate the polymer microfluidic system with the optical integrated waveguide sensor chip. Here the adhesive tape should be patterned in a micrometer scale in order to create an interaction between the sample that flows through the polymer microchannel and the photonic sensing microstructure. Three laser-assisted structuring methods are investigated to transfer microchannel patterns to the adhesive tape. The test structure design consists of a single channel with 400 μm wide, 30 mm length and two circular receivers with 3 mm radius. The best structuring results are found by using the picosecond UV laser where smooth and straight channel cross-sections are obtained. Such patterned tapes are used to bond blank polymer substrates to blank silicon substrates. As a proof of concept, the hybrid integration is tested using colored DI-water. Structuring tests related to the reduction of channel widths are also considered in this work. The use of this technique enables a simple and rapid manufacturing of narrow channels (50-60 μm in width) in adhesive tapes, achieving a cheap and stable integration of the optofluidic biochip.

A web-based solution for 3D medical image visualization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Xiaoshuai; Sun, Jianyong; Zhang, Jianguo

2015-03-01

In this presentation, we present a web-based 3D medical image visualization solution which enables interactive large medical image data processing and visualization over the web platform. To improve the efficiency of our solution, we adopt GPU accelerated techniques to process images on the server side while rapidly transferring images to the HTML5 supported web browser on the client side. Compared to traditional local visualization solution, our solution doesn't require the users to install extra software or download the whole volume dataset from PACS server. By designing this web-based solution, it is feasible for users to access the 3D medical image visualization service wherever the internet is available.

Effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in post-tonsillectomy pain relief and wound healing: a prospective, double-blind, controlled clinical study.

PubMed

Hancı, Deniz; Altun, Huseyin

2015-09-01

To find the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in post-tonsillectomy pain relief and wound healing. Fifty patients were included in this prospective, double-blind, controlled clinical study (20 males, 30 females mean age of 13.56 years). Hyaluronic acid was applied to one side and the other side was used as a control during tonsillectomy. Therefore, the same patient evaluated and scored the post-tonsillectomy pain, excluding individual bias. Results indicated that patients had significantly lower pain scores for hyaluronic acid treated side (p<0.001). At the end of two weeks follow-up period, the wound in the hyaluronic acid side was almost completely healed, indicating that the healing was faster with hyaluronic acid compared to control side (p<0.001). Hyaluronic acid could be recommended as an effective treatment for the management of post-tonsillectomy pain and wound healing. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Altering Effort Costs in Parkinson's Disease with Noninvasive Cortical Stimulation

PubMed Central

Salimpour, Yousef; Mari, Zoltan K.

2015-01-01

In Parkinson's disease (PD), the human brain is capable of producing motor commands, but appears to require greater than normal subjective effort, particularly for the more-affected side. What is the nature of this subjective effort and can it be altered? We used an isometric task in which patients produced a goal force by engaging both arms, but were free to assign any fraction of that force to each arm. The patients preferred their less-affected arm, but only in some directions. This preference was correlated with lateralization of signal-dependent noise: the direction of force for which the brain was less willing to assign effort to an arm was generally the direction for which that arm exhibited greater noise. Therefore, the direction-dependent noise in each arm acted as an implicit cost that discouraged use of that arm. To check for a causal relationship between noise and motor cost, we used bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex, placing the cathode on the more-affected side and the anode on the less-affected side. This stimulation not only reduced the noise on the more-affected arm, it also increased the willingness of the patients to assign force to that arm. In a 3 d double-blind study and in a 10 d repeated stimulation study, bilateral stimulation of the two motor cortices with cathode on the more-affected side reduced noise and increased the willingness of the patients to exert effort. This stimulation also improved the clinical motor symptoms of the disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In Parkinson's disease, patients are less willing to assign force to their affected arm. Here, we find that this pattern is direction dependent: directions for which the arm is noisier coincide with directions for which the brain is less willing to assign force. We hypothesized that if we could reduce the noise on the affected arm, then we may increase the willingness for the brain to assign force to that arm. We found a way to do this via noninvasive cortical stimulation. In addition to reducing effort costs associated with the affected arm, the cortical stimulation also improved clinical motor symptoms of the disease. PMID:26338339

Comparison of Single-Stick and Double-Stick Techniques for Percutaneous Nephrostomy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Funaki, Brian, E-mail: bfunaki@midway.uchicago.edu; Vatakencherry, Geogi

2004-01-15

We compared single- and double-stick techniques of percutaneous nephrostomy insertion by retrospectively reviewing 140 percutaneous nephrostomy procedures in 101 patients. All procedures were performed by residents or fellows with direct attending supervision. Either the single-stick or double-stick technique was used based solely on personal attending preference. There were no significant differences in groups in terms of age, sex, or degree of hydronephrosis. In the single-stick technique, the kidney was punctured with sonographic guidance and the tract was serially dilated to accept an 8.5 Fr. nephrostomy catheter. In the double-stick technique, the kidney was punctured with sonographic guidance and a mixturemore » of air and contrast were injected into the collecting system. The affected side was then elevated and a posterior calyx was punctured using fluoroscopic guidance. Both groups were compared in terms of complications and early tube dysfunction using the chi-squared test. All procedures were successful without immediate complications. Bleeding requiring transfusion occurred in 4.7% (4/86) procedures in the single stick group and 3.7% (2/54) in the double stick group (p-value not significant). None of these patients required further interventions for bleeding. Tube dysfunction leading to premature tube exchange occurred in 3.5% (3/86) of catheters in the single stick group and 3.7% (2/54) of catheters in the double- stick group (p-value not significant). We found no significant difference between the single and double- stick methods of percutaneous nephrostomy in terms of success rates, complications, or tube function. We believe that the single-stick method should be adopted as the insertion technique of choice.« less

Design of micro bending deformer for optical fiber weight sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ula, R. K.; Hanto, D.; Waluyo, T. B.; Adinanta, H.; Widiyatmoko, B.

2017-04-01

The road damage due to excessive load is one of the causes of accidents on the road. A device to measure weight of the passing vehicles needs to be planted in the road structure. Thus, a weight sensor for the passing vehicles is required. In this study, we designed a weight sensor for a static load based on a power loss due to a micro bending on the optical fiber flanked on a board. The following main components are used i.e. LED 1310 nm as a light source, a multimode fiber optic as a transmission media and a power meter for measuring power loss. This works focuses on obtaining a suitable deformer design for weight sensor. Experimental results show that deformer design with 1.5 mm single side has level of accuracy as 4.32% while the design with 1.5 mm double side has level of accuracy as 98.77%. Increasing deformer length to 2.5 mm gives 71.18% level of accuracy for single side, and 76.94% level of accuracy for double side. Micro bending design with 1.5 mm double side has a high sensitivity and it is also capable of measuring load up to 100 kg. The sensor designed has been tested for measuring the weight of motor cycle, and it can be upgraded for measuring heavy vehicles.

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION USING THE DOUBLE-BUNDLE TECHNIQUE - EVALUATION IN THE BIOMECHANICS LABORATORY.

PubMed

D'Elia, Caio Oliveira; Bitar, Alexandre Carneiro; Castropil, Wagner; Garofo, Antônio Guilherme Padovani; Cantuária, Anita Lopes; Orselli, Maria Isabel Veras; Luques, Isabela Ugo; Duarte, Marcos

2011-01-01

The objective of this study was to describe the methodology of knee rotation analysis using biomechanics laboratory instruments and to present the preliminary results from a comparative study on patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the double-bundle technique. The protocol currently used in our laboratory was described. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis was performed and knee rotation amplitude was measured on eight normal patients (control group) and 12 patients who were operated using the double-bundle technique, by means of three tasks in the biomechanics laboratory. No significant differences between operated and non-operated sides were shown in relation to the mean amplitudes of gait, gait with change in direction or gait with change in direction when going down stairs (p > 0.13). The preliminary results did not show any difference in the double-bundle ACL reconstruction technique in relation to the contralateral side and the control group.

Actinobacterial Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetases Involved in Steroid Side-Chain Catabolism

PubMed Central

Casabon, Israël; Swain, Kendra; Crowe, Adam M.

2014-01-01

Bacterial steroid catabolism is an important component of the global carbon cycle and has applications in drug synthesis. Pathways for this catabolism involve multiple acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases, which activate alkanoate substituents for β-oxidation. The functions of these synthetases are poorly understood. We enzymatically characterized four distinct acyl-CoA synthetases from the cholate catabolic pathway of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and the cholesterol catabolic pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Phylogenetic analysis of 70 acyl-CoA synthetases predicted to be involved in steroid metabolism revealed that the characterized synthetases each represent an orthologous class with a distinct function in steroid side-chain degradation. The synthetases were specific for the length of alkanoate substituent. FadD19 from M. tuberculosis H37Rv (FadD19Mtb) transformed 3-oxo-4-cholesten-26-oate (kcat/Km = 0.33 × 105 ± 0.03 × 105 M−1 s−1) and represents orthologs that activate the C8 side chain of cholesterol. Both CasGRHA1 and FadD17Mtb are steroid-24-oyl-CoA synthetases. CasG and its orthologs activate the C5 side chain of cholate, while FadD17 and its orthologs appear to activate the C5 side chain of one or more cholesterol metabolites. CasIRHA1 is a steroid-22-oyl-CoA synthetase, representing orthologs that activate metabolites with a C3 side chain, which accumulate during cholate catabolism. CasI had similar apparent specificities for substrates with intact or extensively degraded steroid nuclei, exemplified by 3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-22-oate and 1β(2′-propanoate)-3aα-H-4α(3″-propanoate)-7aβ-methylhexahydro-5-indanone (kcat/Km = 2.4 × 105 ± 0.1 × 105 M−1 s−1 and 3.2 × 105 ± 0.3 × 105 M−1 s−1, respectively). Acyl-CoA synthetase classes involved in cholate catabolism were found in both Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Overall, this study provides insight into the physiological roles of acyl-CoA synthetases in steroid catabolism and a phylogenetic classification enabling prediction of specific functions of related enzymes. PMID:24244004

A discrete water hexamer with a new planar tetrameric water moiety trapped in the crystal host of [Ag(azelate)(4,4‧-bipyridine)]·(H2O)3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Geng-Geng; Wu, Dong-Liang; Liu, Li; Xia, Jiu-Xu; Li, Dong-Xu; Dai, Jing-Cao; Xiao, Zi-Jing

2011-11-01

The ultrasonic reaction of Ag 2O, bipy and H 2aze gave rise to a novel Ag(I) mixed-ligand coordination polymer, namely [Ag(aze)(bipy)]·(H 2O) 3 ( 1) (bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, H 2aze = azelaic acid). In 1, Ag(I) ions are linked by bipy and aze ligands to form a single two-dimensional (2D) undulated net with a (6,3) topology, incorporating Ag 6(bipy) 4(aze) 2 windows of 22.58 × 11.06 Å based on Ag⋯Ag distances. A pair of identical 2D single nets are interconnected via π⋯π stacking and unsupported Ag⋯Ag interactions to generate a 2D double-layered net. A discrete water hexamer composed of a new planar tetrameric water ring and two pendent water molecules is perpendicularly located in each hydrophilic cavity of the 2D bilayer and acts as a 'glue' to assemble adjacent 2D double-layered nets into a three-dimensional (3D) structure.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on anthropometric indices among overweight and obese women: A double blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Roosta, Sajjad; Kharadmand, Mina; Teymoori, Farshad; Birjandi, Mehdi; Adine, Ahmad; Falahi, Ebrahim

2018-03-27

The aim of this study was to investigate effect of vitamin D supplementation on anthropometric indices among women with overweight and obesity. This double blind randomize clinical trial was conducted on 66 overweight and obese women. Those in intervention group received oral supplement of vitamin D 50,000 IU (1250 mcg) per 25 day and in control group participants received placebo for 3 months. Anthropometric indices were measured before and after 3 months intervention. Before the intervention a 24-h dietary recall (3 days) were used to assess dietary intake of individuals. Independent t test and multivariate repeated measure were used to data analysis. The mean difference of anthropometric indices, serum calcium, 25 (OH) D 3 and serum PTH between the intervention and control groups were significant (P < 0/05). However, no significant differences in serum phosphorus between the intervention and control groups were seen. Supplementation with vitamin D 50 μg for each day for 3 months resulted in a significant reduction in anthropometric indices in women with obesity and overweight with normal primary 25(OH) D 3 serum levels. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Covalency and the metal-insulator transition in titanate and vanadate perovskites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dang, Hung T.; Millis, Andrew J.; Marianetti, Chris A.

2014-04-01

A combination of density functional and dynamical mean-field theory is applied to the perovskites SrVO3, LaTiO3, and LaVO3. We show that DFT + DMFT in conjunction with the standard fully localized-limit (FLL) double-counting predicts that LaTiO3 and LaVO3 are metals even though experimentally they are correlation-driven ("Mott") insulators. In addition, the FLL double counting implies a splitting between oxygen p and transition metal d levels, which differs from experiment. Introducing into the theory an ad hoc double counting correction, which reproduces the experimentally measured insulating gap leads also to a p-d splitting consistent with experiment if the on-site interaction U is chosen in a relatively narrow range (˜6±1 eV). The results indicate that these early transition metal oxides will serve as critical test for the formulation of a general ab initio theory of correlated electron metals.

Extensible 3D (X3D) Earth Technical Requirements Workshop Summary Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-01

world in detail already, but rarely interconnect on to another • Most interesting part of “virtual reality” (VR) is reality – which means physics... Two Web-Enabled Modeling and Simulation (WebSim) symposia have demonstrated that large partnerships can work 9. Server-side 3D graphics • Our

Impact of dosimetric and clinical parameters on clinical side effects in cervix cancer patients treated with 3D pulse-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy.

PubMed

Levitchi, Mihai; Charra-Brunaud, Claire; Quetin, Philippe; Haie-Meder, Christine; Kerr, Christine; Castelain, Bernard; Delannes, Martine; Thomas, Laurence; Desandes, Emmanuel; Peiffert, Didier

2012-06-01

To assess the association between dosimetric/clinical parameters and gastrointestinal/urinary grade 2-4 side effects in cervix cancer patients treated with 3D pulse dose rate brachytherapy. Three hundred and fifty-two patients received brachytherapy associated with external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for 266 of them; 236 patients underwent surgery. The doses for the most exposed 2, and 0.1 cm(3) (D(2cc) and D(0.1cc)) volumes of the rectum and bladder as well as bladder ICRU point dose (D(ICRU)) were converted into isoeffective doses in 2-Gy fractions. The clinical parameters analyzed were: age, smoking habits, arteritis, diabetes, previous pelvic surgery, FIGO stage, nodal status, pathology, pelvic surgery, EBRT and chemotherapy. Side effects were prospectively assessed using the CTCAEv3.0. Cutoff dose levels were defined separately for patients treated with EBRT and brachytherapy (Group 1) and with preoperative brachytherapy (Group 2). The median follow-up was 23.4months. In Group 1 a significant predictive value of rectum D(0.1cc) and D(2cc), bladder D(0.1cc) and D(ICRU) for gastrointestinal and urinary toxicity was found using as cutoff 83, 68, 109 and 68Gy(α)(/)(β)(3). In Group 2 a significant predictive value of bladder D(0.1cc), D(2cc) and D(ICRU) for urinary toxicity was found using as cutoff 141, 91 and 67Gy(α)(/)(β)(3), but not for the rectum D(0.1cc) and D(2cc); smoking had a significant predictive value on urinary toxicity. For patients treated with brachytherapy and EBRT, rectum D(0.1cc) and D(2cc) and bladder D(0.1cc) and D(ICRU) had a predictive value for toxicity. For patients treated with preoperative brachytherapy, bladder D(0.1cc), D(2cc) and D(ICRU) and smoking had a predictive value for urinary toxicity. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Side effects induced by the acute levodopa challenge in Parkinson's Disease and atypical parkinsonisms.

PubMed

Vasta, Rosario; Nicoletti, Alessandra; Mostile, Giovanni; Dibilio, Valeria; Sciacca, Giorgia; Contrafatto, Donatella; Cicero, Calogero Edoardo; Raciti, Loredana; Luca, Antonina; Zappia, Mario

2017-01-01

Acute levodopa challenge may be performed to predict levodopa chronic responsiveness. The aim of the study was to investigate frequency of side effects during the acute levodopa challenge in PD and atypical parkinsonisms. We enrolled 34 de novo PD patients and 29 patients affected by atypical parkinsonisms (Multiple System Atrophy, MSA, n = 10; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, PSP, n = 12 and Corticobasal Degeneration, CBD, n = 7) who underwent an acute levodopa challenge. Side effects occurring during test were recorded. Side effects were more frequent among atypical parkinsonisms as unique group when compared to PD patients (64.3% versus 23.5%; p-value 0.002) with an adjusted OR of 4.36 (95%CI 1.40-13.5). Each atypical parkinsonisms showed almost double occurrence of side effects (MSA 90%, PSP 41.7% and CBD 57%). Side effects during acute levodopa challenge may be frequent in atypical parkinsonisms. This information could be useful in order to better prepare the patient for the test. Furthermore, it could represent a useful cue in differential diagnosis with PD.

[Prevention of migraine with flunarizine and acetylsalicylic acid. A double-blind study].

PubMed

Pothmann, R

1987-09-01

30 children between 7 and 17 years suffering from at least 2 attacks/month of common or classical migraine since more than 1 year were studied. After clinical exclusion of symptomatic headache 4 weeks were documented by means of a migraine diary. Prophylaxis with Calcium entry blocker Flunarizine (Sibelium) or Thromboxane A inhibitor Acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) was carried out in a double blind design for 3 months. Medication was given as one dosage in the evening: 2-5 mg/kg KG ASS or 5-10 mg Flunarizine. Documented attack frequency and duration were controlled at monthly physical examinations. Final results showed no differences in significant reduction of attack frequency or symptoms between both different therapeutic principals. 72.4% (ASS 73.3%; Flunarizine 71.4%) of patients were attack-free or had at least a 50% reduction. Migraine frequency of initially 7-8 was reduced to 1-2 attacks/month. Duration remained constant in both groups (1-3 h). Side effects were slight body weight gain or abdominal pain after intake, prophylaxis had not to be interrupted therefore. Longtime prognosis is not yet possible because the time of observation is too short so far. Both substances are definitely useful and have few side effects in childhood migraine. If the response to one is insufficient the other substance should be tried.

Synoptic Formation of Double Tropopauses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Chengji; Barnes, Elizabeth

2018-01-01

Double tropopauses are ubiquitous in the midlatitude winter hemisphere and represent the vertical stacking of two stable tropopause layers separated by a less stable layer. By analyzing COSMIC GPS data, reanalysis, and eddy life cycle simulations, we demonstrate that they often occur during Rossby wave breaking and act to increase the stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange of mass. We further investigate the adiabatic formation of double tropopauses and propose two mechanisms by which they can occur. The first mechanism operates at the tropopause break in the subtropics where the higher tropical tropopause sits on one side of the break and the lower extratropical tropopause sits on the other. The double tropopauses are then formed by differential meridional advection of the higher and lower tropopauses on the two sides of the tropopause break. We show that anticyclonic wave breaking can form double tropopauses mainly by providing stronger poleward advection of the higher tropopause in its poleward lobe. Cyclonic wave breaking mainly forms double tropopauses by providing stronger equatorward advection of the lower tropopause in its equatorward lobe. We demonstrate in the COSMIC GPS data and reanalysis that about half of the double tropopauses in the Northern Hemisphere winter can be directly attributed to such differential advection. For the second mechanism, adiabatic destabilization of the air above the tropopause contributes to the formation of a double tropopause. In this case, a tropopause inversion layer is necessary for this destabilization to result in a double tropopause.

Comparison of efficacy of once daily multimatrix mesalazine 2.4 g/day and 4.8 g/day with other 5-aminosalicylic acid preparation in active ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blind study.

PubMed

Ogata, Haruhiko; Yokoyama, Tadashi; Mizushima, Seiichi; Hagino, Atsushi; Hibi, Toshifumi

2018-04-01

This study compared the efficacy of multimatrix mesalazine 2.4 g/day and 4.8 g/day with controlled-release mesalazine 2.25 g/day. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, 251 patients with mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis received multimatrix mesalazine 2.4 g/day once daily (Multimatrix-2.4), 4.8 g/day once daily (Multimatrix-4.8), or controlled-release (time-dependent) mesalazine 2.25 g/day 3 times daily (Time-2.25) for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in the ulcerative colitis-disease activity index (UC-DAI) score. The mean change in the UC-DAI score and standard deviation in the per protocol set was -1.9±2.5 for Multimatrix-2.4 and -2.4±2.8 for Time-2.25. The difference between Multimatrix-2.4 and Time-2.25 was 0.3 (two-sided 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.5 to 1.1), thus non-inferiority was not demonstrated based on the pre-defined non-inferiority margin (1.0). In the full analysis set, the difference between Multimatrix-4.8 and Time-2.25 was -1.2 (two-sided 95% CI, -2.0 to -0.5), and the mean change in UC-DAI score in the FAS was -3.3 (two-sided 95% CI, -3.9 to -2.8) for Multimatrix-4.8 and -1.9 (two-sided 95% CI, -2.5 to -1.3) for Multimatrix-2.4, indicating that Multimatrix-4.8 was more effective than Time-2.25 and Multimatrix-2.4. There was no difference among the treatment groups in terms of safety. This study showed that the efficacy of multimatrix mesalazine 2.4 g/day was comparable to controlled release mesalazine 2.25 g/day, although non-inferiority was not demonstrated. Importantly, this was the first study to indicate that multimatrix mesalazine 4.8 g/day was more effective than 2.4g/day with no associated safety concerns.

Structure-activity relationships of lanostane-type triterpenoids from Ganoderma lingzhi as α-glucosidase inhibitors.

PubMed

Fatmawati, Sri; Kondo, Ryuichiro; Shimizu, Kuniyoshi

2013-11-01

A series of lanostane-type triterpenoids, identified as ganoderma alcohols and ganoderma acids, were isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lingzhi. Some of these compounds were confirmed as active inhibitors of the in vitro human recombinant aldose reductase. This paper aims to explain the structural requirement for α-glucosidase inhibition. Our structure-activity studies of ganoderma alcohols showed that the OH substituent at C-3 and the double-bond moiety at C-24 and C-25 are necessary to increase α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The structure-activity relationships of ganoderma acids revealed that the OH substituent at C-11 is an important feature and that the carboxylic group in the side chain is essential for the recognition of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Moreover, the double-bond moiety at C-20 and C-22 in the side chain and the OH substituent at C-3 of ganoderma acids improve α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These results provide an approach with which to consider the structural requirements of lanostane-type triterpenoids from G. lingzhi. An understanding of these requirements is considered necessary in order to improve a new type of α-glucosidase inhibitor. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Calcium vitamin D3 supplementation in clinical practice: side effect and satisfaction.

PubMed

Sanaei, Maryam; Banasiri, Mohammad; Shafiee, Gita; Rostami, Mahsa; Alizad, Saba; Ebrahimi, Mehdi; Larijani, Bagher; Heshmat, Ramin

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to assess side effects and satisfaction about OsteoCalVitFort (500 mg calcium and 400 I.U. of vitamin D3) usage. A total 186 people were participated with range age from 18 to 65 years old. Each participant received 1 pack that contains 60 OsteoCalVitFort tablet and used two tablet OsteoCalVitFort daily (1 tablet after breakfast and 1 after dinner). By a phone call, side effects and satisfaction about OsteoCalVitFort were assessed. The rate of constipating (8.0 %) and bloating (12.5 %) were decreased significantly after OsteoCalVitFort supplement intake (1.2 %, and 0.6 %, respectively). Similar results were observed in metallic taste in mouth, tiredness, weakness, loss of appetite, bone/muscle pain and mental/mood change after Calcium Vitamin D3 supplementation intake. Totally, 94 % of patients were satisfied about OsteoCalVitFort usage. The results of the research indicate despite the high quality of OsteoCalVitFort supplement, there are no side effects which have been seen in other supplements.

Investigation of visual fatigue/discomfort generated by S3D video using eye-tracking data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iatsun, Iana; Larabi, Mohamed-Chaker; Fernandez-Maloigne, Christine

2013-03-01

Stereoscopic 3D is undoubtedly one of the most attractive content. It has been deployed intensively during the last decade through movies and games. Among the advantages of 3D are the strong involvement of viewers and the increased feeling of presence. However, the sanitary e ects that can be generated by 3D are still not precisely known. For example, visual fatigue and visual discomfort are among symptoms that an observer may feel. In this paper, we propose an investigation of visual fatigue generated by 3D video watching, with the help of eye-tracking. From one side, a questionnaire, with the most frequent symptoms linked with 3D, is used in order to measure their variation over time. From the other side, visual characteristics such as pupil diameter, eye movements ( xations and saccades) and eye blinking have been explored thanks to data provided by the eye-tracker. The statistical analysis showed an important link between blinking duration and number of saccades with visual fatigue while pupil diameter and xations are not precise enough and are highly dependent on content. Finally, time and content play an important role in the growth of visual fatigue due to 3D watching.

Comparison of efficacy of ginger with various antimotion sickness drugs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wood, C. D.; Manno, J. E.; Wood, M. J.; Manno, B. R.; Mims, M. E.

1988-01-01

Ginger and several other medications were compared with scopolamine and d-amphetamine for effectiveness in prevention of motion sickness. Methods: Double-blind techniques were used. The subjects were given the medications two hours before they were rotated in a chair making head movements until a symptom total short of vomiting was reached. Standardized N.A.S.A. techniques were used for speed of rotation and end-point of motion sickness. Results: The three doses of ginger were all at the placebo level of efficacy. Amitriptyline, ethopropazine and trihexyphenidyl increased the tolerated head movements but the increase was not statistically significant. Significant levels of protection were produced by dimenhydrinate, promethazine, scopolamine and d-amphetamine. Protection was further increased by combination of these latter drugs with d-amphetamine. Efficacy was greatest as the dose was increased. Conclusions: The medication of choice in this study was scopolamine 0.6 mg with d-amphetamine 10 mg. This combination provided good protection with acceptable side effects.

Collapse of the Ia{bar 3}d cubic symmetry by uniaxial stretching of a double-gyroid block copolymer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sakurai, Shinichi; Isobe, Daisuke; Okamoto, Shigeru

2001-06-01

We report an experimental observation of collapse of the Ia{bar 3}d symmetry by stretching of an elastomeric block copolymer that forms a double-gyroid (DG) microdomain structure. Some new diffraction spots were observed for a deformed DG structure. These spots were assigned to {l_brace}110{r_brace} and {l_brace}200{r_brace} reflections. For the Ia{bar 3}d symmetry, these reflections are prohibited by the extinction rule and therefore none of them appeared for the sample before deformation. Appearance of these reflections indicates breakdown of the extinction rule and can be explained as a result of collapse of the symmetry of glide when three-dimensional DG networks are partiallymore » ruptured upon stretching.« less

Functional Characterization of CaVα2δ Mutations Associated with Sudden Cardiac Death*

PubMed Central

Bourdin, Benoîte; Shakeri, Behzad; Tétreault, Marie-Philippe; Sauvé, Rémy; Lesage, Sylvie; Parent, Lucie

2015-01-01

L-type Ca2+ channels play a critical role in cardiac rhythmicity. These ion channels are oligomeric complexes formed by the pore-forming CaVα1 with the auxiliary CaVβ and CaVα2δ subunits. CaVα2δ increases the peak current density and improves the voltage-dependent activation gating of CaV1.2 channels without increasing the surface expression of the CaVα1 subunit. The functional impact of genetic variants of CACNA2D1 (the gene encoding for CaVα2δ), associated with shorter repolarization QT intervals (the time interval between the Q and the T waves on the cardiac electrocardiogram), was investigated after recombinant expression of the full complement of L-type CaV1.2 subunits in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. By performing side-by-side high resolution flow cytometry assays and whole-cell patch clamp recordings, we revealed that the surface density of the CaVα2δ wild-type protein correlates with the peak current density. Furthermore, the cell surface density of CaVα2δ mutants S755T, Q917H, and S956T was not significantly different from the cell surface density of the CaVα2δ wild-type protein expressed under the same conditions. In contrast, the cell surface expression of CaVα2δ D550Y, CaVα2δ S709N, and the double mutant D550Y/Q917H was reduced, respectively, by ≈30–33% for the single mutants and by 60% for the latter. The cell surface density of D550Y/Q917H was more significantly impaired than protein stability, suggesting that surface trafficking of CaVα2δ was disrupted by the double mutation. Co-expression with D550Y/Q917H significantly decreased CaV1.2 currents as compared with results obtained with CaVα2δ wild type. It is concluded that D550Y/Q917H reduced inward Ca2+ currents through a defect in the cell surface trafficking of CaVα2δ. Altogether, our results provide novel insight in the molecular mechanism underlying the modulation of CaV1.2 currents by CaVα2δ. PMID:25527503

4. Detail of the south side of the building showing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Detail of the south side of the building showing the decorative-brick cornice, typical double-hung window, and chimneys. Credit GADA/MRM. - Stroud Building, 31-33 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, Maricopa County, AZ

14. LIVING ROOM INTERIOR SHOWING WEST SIDE AND SOUTH END ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. LIVING ROOM INTERIOR SHOWING WEST SIDE AND SOUTH END DOUBLE FRENCH DOORS, AND FIBERBOARD WALLS. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 8, Operator Cottage, Big Creek, Big Creek, Fresno County, CA

A Basin-Wide Examination of the Arctic Ocean's Double-Diffusive Staircase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shibley, N.; Timmermans, M. L.; Carpenter, J. R.; Toole, J. M.

2016-02-01

The Arctic Ocean thermohaline stratification frequently exhibits a staircase structure above the Atlantic Water Layer consisting of multiple mixed layers of order 1-m in height separated by sharp interfaces. This double-diffusive staircase structure is characterized across the entire Arctic Ocean through a detailed analysis of Ice-Tethered Profiler measurements acquired between 2004 and 2013. Staircase properties (mixed layer thicknesses and temperature-salinity jumps across interfaces) are examined in relation to a bulk vertical density ratio for 50-m spanning the staircase stratification. It is shown that the Lomonosov Ridge serves as an approximate boundary between regions of low density ratio (on the Eurasian side) and higher density ratio (on the Canadian side). We find that the diffusive staircase in the Eurasian Basin is characterized by fewer, thinner mixed layers than that in the Canadian Basin, although the margins of all basins are characterized by relatively thin staircase mixed layers. Using a double-diffusive 4/3 flux law parameterization, the distribution of vertical heat fluxes through the staircase is estimated across the Arctic; it is found that heat fluxes in the Eurasian Basin [O(1) W/m^2] are generally an order of magnitude larger than those in the Canadian Basin [O(0.1) W/m^2].

Laparoscopic ureterolysis with simultaneous ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephroscopy for treating complex ureteral obstruction after failed endoscopic intervention: A technical report.

PubMed

Wang, Zhixiang; Liu, Bing; Gao, Xiaofeng; Bao, Yi; Wang, Yang; Ye, Huamao; Sun, Yinghao; Wang, Linhui

2015-10-01

Complex ureteral obstruction is refractory to conventional urological intervention. This report describes a case of laparoscopic ureterolysis with simultaneous ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephroscopy for treating complex ureteral obstruction. Right-side multiple ureteral stones and complicating ureteral obstruction failed an initial attempt of ureteroscopy lithotripsy with simultaneous percutaneous nephroscopy in a 23-year-old male. Laparoscopic ureterolysis with ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephroscopy was used simultaneously to dissect the periureteral adhesions with the patient placed in the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position. The ureter was incised to allow the insertion of a ureteral catheter through the twisted ureter, and a guide wire was advanced into the pelvis using ureteroscopy. A double-J stent was placed into the right-side ureter using antegrade percutaneous nephroscopy. The laparoendoscopic procedure lasted 330 min with an estimated bleeding volume of 100 mL. The patient underwent an uneventful postoperative course, and postoperative follow-up radiography confirmed good positioning of the double-J stent. The double-J stent was removed 3 months after operation. The patient remained asymptomatic within a 13-month follow-up period. Laparoscopic ureterolysis with simultaneous ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephroscopy is an effective and safe treatment option for complex ureteral obstruction.

Implementation of controlled quantum teleportation with an arbitrator for secure quantum channels via quantum dots inside optical cavities.

PubMed

Heo, Jino; Hong, Chang-Ho; Kang, Min-Sung; Yang, Hyeon; Yang, Hyung-Jin; Hong, Jong-Phil; Choi, Seong-Gon

2017-11-02

We propose a controlled quantum teleportation scheme to teleport an unknown state based on the interactions between flying photons and quantum dots (QDs) confined within single- and double-sided cavities. In our scheme, users (Alice and Bob) can teleport the unknown state through a secure entanglement channel under the control and distribution of an arbitrator (Trent). For construction of the entanglement channel, Trent utilizes the interactions between two photons and the QD-cavity system, which consists of a charged QD (negatively charged exciton) inside a single-sided cavity. Subsequently, Alice can teleport the unknown state of the electron spin in a QD inside a double-sided cavity to Bob's electron spin in a QD inside a single-sided cavity assisted by the channel information from Trent. Furthermore, our scheme using QD-cavity systems is feasible with high fidelity, and can be experimentally realized with current technologies.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors reverse age-related increases in side effects of haloperidol in mice.

PubMed

Montalvo-Ortiz, Janitza L; Fisher, Daniel W; Rodríguez, Guadalupe; Fang, Deyu; Csernansky, John G; Dong, Hongxin

2017-08-01

Older patients can be especially susceptible to antipsychotic-induced side effects, and the pharmacodynamic mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. We hypothesized that age-related epigenetic alterations lead to decreased expression and functionality of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), contributing to this susceptibility. In this study, we treated young (2-3 months old) and aged (22-24 months old) C57BL/6 mice with the D2R antagonist haloperidol (HAL) once a day for 14 days to evaluate HAL-induced motor side effects. In addition, we pretreated separate groups of young and aged mice with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) or entinostat (MS-275) and then administered HAL. Our results show that the motor side effects of HAL are exaggerated in aged mice as compared to young mice and that HDAC inhibitors are able to reverse the severity of these deficits. HAL-induced motor deficits in aged mice are associated with an age- and drug-dependent decrease in striatal D2R protein levels and functionality. Further, histone acetylation was reduced while histone tri-methylation was increased at specific lysine residues of H3 and H4 within the Drd2 promoter in the striatum of aged mice. HDAC inhibitors, particularly VPA, restored striatal D2R protein levels and functionality and reversed age- and drug-related histone modifications at the Drd2 promoter. These results suggest that epigenetic changes at the striatal Drd2 promoter drive age-related increases in antipsychotic side effect susceptibility, and HDAC inhibitors may be an effective adjunct treatment strategy to reduce side effects in aged populations.

Three-Dimensional Effects in Multi-Element High Lift Computations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rumsey, Christopher L.; LeeReusch, Elizabeth M.; Watson, Ralph D.

2003-01-01

In an effort to discover the causes for disagreement between previous two-dimensional (2-D) computations and nominally 2-D experiment for flow over the three-element McDonnell Douglas 30P-30N airfoil configuration at high lift, a combined experimental/CFD investigation is described. The experiment explores several different side-wall boundary layer control venting patterns, documents venting mass flow rates, and looks at corner surface flow patterns. The experimental angle of attack at maximum lift is found to be sensitive to the side-wall venting pattern: a particular pattern increases the angle of attack at maximum lift by at least 2 deg. A significant amount of spanwise pressure variation is present at angles of attack near maximum lift. A CFD study using three-dimensional (3-D) structured-grid computations, which includes the modeling of side-wall venting, is employed to investigate 3-D effects on the flow. Side-wall suction strength is found to affect the angle at which maximum lift is predicted. Maximum lift in the CFD is shown to be limited by the growth of an off-body corner flow vortex and consequent increase in spanwise pressure variation and decrease in circulation. The 3-D computations with and without wall venting predict similar trends to experiment at low angles of attack, but either stall too early or else overpredict lift levels near maximum lift by as much as 5%. Unstructured-grid computations demonstrate that mounting brackets lower the lift levels near maximum lift conditions.

Cyclic perylene diimide: Selective ligand for tetraplex DNA binding over double stranded DNA.

PubMed

Vasimalla, Suresh; Sato, Shinobu; Takenaka, Fuminori; Kurose, Yui; Takenaka, Shigeori

2017-12-15

Synthesized cyclic perylene diimide, cPDI, showed the binding constant of 6.3 × 10 6  M -1 with binding number of n = 2 with TA-core as a tetraplex DNA in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH = 7.4) containing 100 mM KCl using Schatchard analysis and showed a higher preference for tetraplex DNA than for double stranded DNA with over 10 3 times. CD spectra showed that TA-core induced its antiparallel conformation upon addition of cPDI in the absence or presence of K + or Na + ions. The cPDI inhibits the telomerase activity with IC 50 of 0.3 µM using TRAP assay which is potential anti-cancer drug with low side effect. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bronchial Blocker Versus Left Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tube for One-Lung Ventilation in Right Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery.

PubMed

Lu, Yao; Dai, Wei; Zong, Zhijun; Xiao, Yimin; Wu, Di; Liu, Xuesheng; Chun Wong, Gordon Tin

2018-02-01

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of lung deflation of a left-sided double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) with a bronchial blocker (BB) for one-lung ventilation in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). A prospective, randomized, clinical study. A university-affiliated teaching hospital. Forty-five adult patients undergoing esophageal tumor surgery using VATS with right lung deflation. Patients were assigned by a computer-generated randomization sequence to either the left-sided DLT or BB group. The correct positioning of the airway device was confirmed using fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The variables assessed included: (1) time required to correctly place the devices and to achieve lung collapse; (2) the number of times the device malpositioned; (3) the quality of lung deflation as rated by the surgeon; (4) blood pressure and heart rate at baseline (T 1 ), immediately before (T 2 ) and after (T 3 ) and 1 minute (T 4 ) after intubation; (5) the number of patients with hypoxemia (SpO 2 < 90%) during the one-lung ventilation (OLV) period; and (6) postoperative hoarseness of voice, sore throat, or pulmonary infection. Of the 45 patients approached for the study, 21 patients in the DLT group and 19 patients in the BB group were analyzed. The time required to place the device in the correct position was similar between the 2 groups. The time to achieve right lung collapse in the BB group was significantly longer (mean difference: 3.232, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.993-4.471; p = 0.003). The quality of lung collapse, OLV duration, number of patients with device malposition, and hypoxemia in both groups were similar. There were more patients suffering hoarseness (odds ratio [OR]: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.08-21.76; p = 0.034) or sore throat (OR: 4.29, 95% CI: 1.14-16.18; p = 0.030) in the DLT group, while no patients developed postoperative lung infection in either group. Compared to T 1 , systolic blood pressure (sBP), diastolic BP (dBP), and heart rate (HR) at T 2 in both groups were higher (p < 0.05) in the DLT group. Then, compared to T 2 , sBP and dBP at T 3 and T 4 and HR at T 3 in the DLT group were higher (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that BB is an effective alternative for left one-lung ventilation in right VATS, but requires a longer time to achieve complete lung collapse. Moreover, the use of BB caused less hemodynamic perturbation and can reduce postoperative hoarseness and sore throat. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Double crib barn, main floor, 4th room from northeast, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Double crib barn, main floor, 4th room from northeast, southeast and southwest walls - Wilkins Farm, Barn, South side of Dove Hollow Road, 6000 feet east of State Route 259, Lost City, Hardy County, WV

Homeopathic Individualized Q-Potencies versus Fluoxetine for Moderate to Severe Depression: Double-Blind, Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial

PubMed Central

Adler, U. C.; Paiva, N. M. P.; Cesar, A. T.; Adler, M. S.; Molina, A.; Padula, A. E.; Calil, H. M.

2011-01-01

Homeopathy is a complementary and integrative medicine used in depression, The aim of this study is to investigate the non-inferiority and tolerability of individualized homeopathic medicines [Quinquagintamillesmial (Q-potencies)] in acute depression, using fluoxetine as active control. Ninety-one outpatients with moderate to severe depression were assigned to receive an individualized homeopathic medicine or fluoxetine 20 mg day−1 (up to 40 mg day−1) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind double-dummy 8-week, single-center trial. Primary efficacy measure was the analysis of the mean change in the Montgomery & Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) depression scores, using a non-inferiority test with margin of 1.45. Secondary efficacy outcomes were response and remission rates. Tolerability was assessed with the side effect rating scale of the Scandinavian Society of Psychopharmacology. Mean MADRS scores differences were not significant at the 4th (P = .654) and 8th weeks (P = .965) of treatment. Non-inferiority of homeopathy was indicated because the upper limit of the confidence interval (CI) for mean difference in MADRS change was less than the non-inferiority margin: mean differences (homeopathy-fluoxetine) were −3.04 (95% CI −6.95, 0.86) and −2.4 (95% CI −6.05, 0.77) at 4th and 8th week, respectively. There were no significant differences between the percentages of response or remission rates in both groups. Tolerability: there were no significant differences between the side effects rates, although a higher percentage of patients treated with fluoxetine reported troublesome side effects and there was a trend toward greater treatment interruption for adverse effects in the fluoxetine group. This study illustrates the feasibility of randomized controlled double-blind trials of homeopathy in depression and indicates the non-inferiority of individualized homeopathic Q-potencies as compared to fluoxetine in acute treatment of outpatients with moderate to severe depression. PMID:19687192

Evaluation of the feasibility of switching from immediate release quetiapine to extended release quetiapine fumarate in stable outpatients with schizophrenia.

PubMed

Möller, Hans-Jürgen; Johnson, Sunny; Mateva, Temenuzhka; Brecher, Martin; Svensson, Ola; Miller, Frank; Meulien, Didier

2008-03-01

This double-blind, double-dummy study (D1444C00146) evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching patients with clinically stable schizophrenia from quetiapine immediate release (IR) to the same dose of once-daily extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR). Patients received quetiapine IR 400-800 mg/day twice daily for 4 weeks, and were then randomized (2 : 1) to a once-daily equivalent dose of quetiapine XR or maintained on IR for 6 weeks. The primary variable was the proportion of patients who discontinued treatment owing to lack of efficacy or whose Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores increased by at least 20% from randomization to any visit. In total, 497 patients were randomized to quetiapine XR (n=331) or IR (n=166). Noninferiority (6% margin; one-sided test, 2.5% significance level) was narrowly missed for the primary efficacy variable for the modified intention-to-treat population (9.1%, quetiapine XR; 7.2%, quetiapine IR; difference 1.86%; 95% confidence interval: -3.78, 6.57; P=0.0431), but was shown for the per-protocol population (5.3%, quetiapine XR; 6.2%, quetiapine IR; difference: -0.83%; 95% confidence interval: -6.75, 3.71; P=0.0017). Serious adverse event incidence was low for quetiapine XR and IR; there were no unexpected adverse events. In conclusion, efficacy was maintained without compromising safety/tolerability when switching patients with stable schizophrenia from twice-daily quetiapine IR to once-daily quetiapine XR (400-800 mg/day).

Are There Side Effects to Watching 3D Movies? A Prospective Crossover Observational Study on Visually Induced Motion Sickness

PubMed Central

Solimini, Angelo G.

2013-01-01

Background The increasing popularity of commercial movies showing three dimensional (3D) images has raised concern about possible adverse side effects on viewers. Methods and Findings A prospective carryover observational study was designed to assess the effect of exposure (3D vs. 2D movie views) on self reported symptoms of visually induced motion sickness. The standardized Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) was self administered on a convenience sample of 497 healthy adult volunteers before and after the vision of 2D and 3D movies. Viewers reporting some sickness (SSQ total score>15) were 54.8% of the total sample after the 3D movie compared to 14.1% of total sample after the 2D movie. Symptom intensity was 8.8 times higher than baseline after exposure to 3D movie (compared to the increase of 2 times the baseline after the 2D movie). Multivariate modeling of visually induced motion sickness as response variables pointed out the significant effects of exposure to 3D movie, history of car sickness and headache, after adjusting for gender, age, self reported anxiety level, attention to the movie and show time. Conclusions Seeing 3D movies can increase rating of symptoms of nausea, oculomotor and disorientation, especially in women with susceptible visual-vestibular system. Confirmatory studies which include examination of clinical signs on viewers are needed to pursue a conclusive evidence on the 3D vision effects on spectators. PMID:23418530

Are there side effects to watching 3D movies? A prospective crossover observational study on visually induced motion sickness.

PubMed

Solimini, Angelo G

2013-01-01

The increasing popularity of commercial movies showing three dimensional (3D) images has raised concern about possible adverse side effects on viewers. A prospective carryover observational study was designed to assess the effect of exposure (3D vs. 2D movie views) on self reported symptoms of visually induced motion sickness. The standardized Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) was self administered on a convenience sample of 497 healthy adult volunteers before and after the vision of 2D and 3D movies. Viewers reporting some sickness (SSQ total score>15) were 54.8% of the total sample after the 3D movie compared to 14.1% of total sample after the 2D movie. Symptom intensity was 8.8 times higher than baseline after exposure to 3D movie (compared to the increase of 2 times the baseline after the 2D movie). Multivariate modeling of visually induced motion sickness as response variables pointed out the significant effects of exposure to 3D movie, history of car sickness and headache, after adjusting for gender, age, self reported anxiety level, attention to the movie and show time. Seeing 3D movies can increase rating of symptoms of nausea, oculomotor and disorientation, especially in women with susceptible visual-vestibular system. Confirmatory studies which include examination of clinical signs on viewers are needed to pursue a conclusive evidence on the 3D vision effects on spectators.

CFL3D, FUN3d, and NSU3D Contributions to the Fifth Drag Prediction Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Park, Michael A.; Laflin, Kelly R.; Chaffin, Mark S.; Powell, Nicholas; Levy, David W.

2013-01-01

Results presented at the Fifth Drag Prediction Workshop using CFL3D, FUN3D, and NSU3D are described. These are calculations on the workshop provided grids and drag adapted grids. The NSU3D results have been updated to reflect an improvement to skin friction calculation on skewed grids. FUN3D results generated after the workshop are included for custom participant generated grids and a grid from a previous workshop. Uniform grid refinement at the design condition shows a tight grouping in calculated drag, where the variation in the pressure component of drag is larger than the skin friction component. At this design condition, A fine-grid drag value was predicted with a smaller drag adjoint adapted grid via tetrahedral adaption to a metric and mixed-element subdivision. The buffet study produced larger variation than the design case, which is attributed to large differences in the predicted side-of-body separation extent. Various modeling and discretization approaches had a strong impact on predicted side-of-body separation. This large wing root separation bubble was not observed in wind tunnel tests indicating that more work is necessary in modeling wing root juncture flows to predict experiments.

RF study and 3-D simulations of a side-coupling thermionic RF-gun

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rimjaem, S.; Kusoljariyakul, K.; Thongbai, C.

2014-02-01

A thermionic RF-gun for generating ultra-short electron bunches was optimized, developed and used as a source at a linac-based THz radiation research laboratory of the Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. The RF-gun is a π/2-mode standing wave structure, which consists of two S-band accelerating cells and a side-coupling cavity. The 2856 MHz RF wave is supplied from an S-band klystron to the gun through the waveguide input-port at the cylindrical wall of the second cell. A fraction of the RF power is coupled from the second cell to the first one via a side-coupling cavity. Both the waveguide input-port and the side-coupling cavity lead to an asymmetric geometry of the gun. RF properties and electromagnetic field distributions inside the RF-gun were studied and numerically simulated by using computer codes SUPERFISH 7.19 and CST Microwave Studio 2012©. RF characterizations and tunings of the RF-gun were performed to ensure the reliability of the gun operation. The results from 3D simulations and measurements are compared and discussed in this paper. The influence of asymmetric field distributions inside the RF-gun on the electron beam properties was investigated via 3D beam dynamics simulations. A change in the coupling-plane of the side-coupling cavity is suggested to improve the gun performance.

Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Ruobing; Li, Shengtai; Chiang, Eugene; Li, Hui

2017-07-01

We investigate the observational signatures of super-Earths (i.e., planets with Earth-to-Neptune mass), which are the most common type of exoplanet discovered to date, in their natal disks of gas and dust. Combining two-fluid global hydrodynamics simulations with a radiative transfer code, we calculate the distributions of gas and of submillimeter-sized dust in a disk perturbed by a super-Earth, synthesizing images in near-infrared scattered light and the millimeter-wave thermal continuum for direct comparison with observations. In low-viscosity gas (α ≲ {10}-4), a super-Earth opens two annular gaps to either side of its orbit by the action of Lindblad torques. This double gap and its associated gas pressure gradients cause dust particles to be dragged by gas into three rings: one ring sandwiched between the two gaps, and two rings located at the gap edges farthest from the planet. Depending on the system parameters, additional rings may manifest for a single planet. A double gap located at tens of au from a host star in Taurus can be detected in the dust continuum by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) at an angular resolution of ∼0\\buildrel{\\prime\\prime}\\over{.} 03 after two hours of integration. Ring and gap features persist in a variety of background disk profiles, last for thousands of orbits, and change their relative positions and dimensions depending on the speed and direction of planet migration. Candidate double gaps have been observed by ALMA in systems such as HL Tau (D5 and D6) and TW Hya (at 37 and 43 au); we submit that each double gap is carved by one super-Earth in nearly inviscid gas.

Safety in use of cryotherapy and topical salicylic acid with lactic acid combination in treating verruca vulgaris.

PubMed

Sultana, R; Alam, M; Khondker, L; Ahamed, R S

2012-10-01

An interventional study in the treatment of verruca vulgaris was conducted in sixty patients. This study conducted in the out-patient Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh for duration of eight months (From January 2009 to September 2009). Thirty patients treated with cryotherapy, belonged to Group C and rest thirty patients treated with topical salicylic acid with lactic acid, belonged to Group D. The result showed that the highest side effects immediately after therapy for Group C was burning 30(100%), then irritation 29(96.7%), erythema 28(93.7%), blister formation 28(93.7%) and pain 23(76.7%). On the other hand, highest side effect for Group D is irritation 29(96.7%), then burning 22(73.3%), pain 11(36.7%), pruritus 06(20%), blister formation 04(13%) and erythema 01(3.3%). Statistical significant difference was observed between Group C & Group D patients other than irritation. At 2nd visit, erythema 26(86.7%) was evidenced for Group C, whereas in Group D, there was irritation 16(53.3%). After 3rd visit in 4th week for Group C patients, there was burning 13(43.3%) but in Group D patients, hypo-pigmentation 13(43.3%) was evidenced. On 4th visit in 6th week, hypo-pigmentation 09(30%) was seen in Group C, while in Group D, pruritus and irritation were found. Statistical significant difference was observed between Group C & Group D respondents. Both treatments were associated with side-effects but these were higher with cryotherapy. The study recommends the combination of topical salicylic acid with lactic acid is safer than cryotherapy.

Impurity screening behavior of the high-field side scrape-off layer in near-double-null configurations: prospect for mitigating plasma-material interactions on RF actuators and first-wall components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

LaBombard, B.; Kuang, A. Q.; Brunner, D.; Faust, I.; Mumgaard, R.; Reinke, M. L.; Terry, J. L.; Howard, N.; Hughes, J. W.; Chilenski, M.; Lin, Y.; Marmar, E.; Rice, J. E.; Rodriguez-Fernandez, P.; Wallace, G.; Whyte, D. G.; Wolfe, S.; Wukitch, S.

2017-07-01

The impurity screening response of the high-field side (HFS) scrape-off layer (SOL) to localized nitrogen injection is investigated on Alcator C-Mod for magnetic equilibria spanning lower-single-null, double-null and upper-single-null configurations under otherwise identical plasma conditions. L-mode, EDA H-mode and I-mode discharges are investigated. HFS impurity screening is found to depend on magnetic flux balance and the direction of B  ×  \

Anaglyph with Landsat Overlay, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-02-16

This 3-D anaglyph shows an area on the western side of the volcanically active Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia as seen by the instrument onboard NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. 3D glasses are necessary to view this image.

4-mm-diameter three-dimensional imaging endoscope with steerable camera for minimally invasive surgery (3-D-MARVEL).

PubMed

Bae, Sam Y; Korniski, Ronald J; Shearn, Michael; Manohara, Harish M; Shahinian, Hrayr

2017-01-01

High-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) imaging (stereo imaging) by endoscopes in minimally invasive surgery, especially in space-constrained applications such as brain surgery, is one of the most desired capabilities. Such capability exists at larger than 4-mm overall diameters. We report the development of a stereo imaging endoscope of 4-mm maximum diameter, called Multiangle, Rear-Viewing Endoscopic Tool (MARVEL) that uses a single-lens system with complementary multibandpass filter (CMBF) technology to achieve 3-D imaging. In addition, the system is endowed with the capability to pan from side-to-side over an angle of [Formula: see text], which is another unique aspect of MARVEL for such a class of endoscopes. The design and construction of a single-lens, CMBF aperture camera with integrated illumination to generate 3-D images, and the actuation mechanism built into it is summarized.

3-D Image Encryption Based on Rubik's Cube and RC6 Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Helmy, Mai; El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M.; Eldokany, Ibrahim M.; El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd

2017-12-01

A novel encryption algorithm based on the 3-D Rubik's cube is proposed in this paper to achieve 3D encryption of a group of images. This proposed encryption algorithm begins with RC6 as a first step for encrypting multiple images, separately. After that, the obtained encrypted images are further encrypted with the 3-D Rubik's cube. The RC6 encrypted images are used as the faces of the Rubik's cube. From the concepts of image encryption, the RC6 algorithm adds a degree of diffusion, while the Rubik's cube algorithm adds a degree of permutation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed encryption algorithm is efficient, and it exhibits strong robustness and security. The encrypted images are further transmitted over wireless Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system and decrypted at the receiver side. Evaluation of the quality of the decrypted images at the receiver side reveals good results.

[Clebopride in premedication in ambulatory interventions in general anesthesia].

PubMed

Migliavacca, S; Speranza, R; Cipolla, M; Laveneziana, D

1992-03-01

The authors examine the antiemetic effects of 1 mg clebopride administered iv after surgery, vs a placebo, by making a double blind randomized study on two groups of 40 women comparable by age and weight. The 2 groups of outpatients, admitted for short gynecological surgery, underwent diagnostic uterine curettage. They were anaesthetized with a cocktail of 2.5 mcg/kg fentanyl and 0.25 mg/kg ketamine, on spontaneous respiration. Nausea, vomiting and the other side effects were evaluated 3-6 hours after surgery. Statistically, clebopride proved more effective than placebo against nausea and vomiting (P ranging between 0.05-0.01), with no relevant side effects.

Digestion by fungal glycanases of arabinoxylans with different feruloylated side-chains.

PubMed

Wende, G; Fry, S C

1997-07-01

Alcohol-insoluble residues (AIRs) from Festuca and Zea cell cultures contained 7.4 and 35 nmol esterified ferulate mg-1, respectively. Driselase solubilised 79% of the feruloylated material from both AIRs. Of the feruloyl esters solubilised from Festuca and Zea AIRs, 72 and 56% respectively were small enough to be mobile on paper chromatography. The major feruloylated product of Zea AIR was the known 5-O-feruloyl-alpha-L-Araf-(1-->3)-beta-D-Xylp-(1-->4)- D-Xyl (Fer-Ara-Xyl-Xyl). In contrast, the smallest major feruloylated product of Festuca AIR was a feruloyl pentasaccharide (3) containing 3 Xyl, 1 Ara and 1 non-pentose residue (NPR). The Ara and two of the three Xyl groups of 3 were resistant to NaIO4. Mild acid hydrolysis of 3 gave xylobiose, a feruloyl trisaccharide and beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)-(5-O-feruloyl)-L-Ara. Compound 3 was therefore NPR-(1-->3)-beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)-(5-O-feruloyl)-alpha-L-Ar af-(1-->3)-beta-D-Xylp-(1-->4)-D-Xyl. We conclude that the complex feruloyl oligosaccharide side-chains of Festuca arabinoxylan do not protect the polysaccharide against hydrolysis by the fungal glycanases present in Driselase.

State-resolved three-dimensional electron-momentum correlation in nonsequential double ionization of benzene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winney, Alexander H.; Lin, Yun Fei; Lee, Suk Kyoung; Adhikari, Pradip; Li, Wen

2016-03-01

We report state-resolved electron-momentum correlation measurement of strong-field nonsequential double ionization in benzene. With a novel coincidence detection apparatus, highly efficient triple coincidence (electron-electron dication) and quadruple coincidence (electron-electron-cation-cation) are used to resolve the final ionic states and to characterize three-dimensional (3D) electron-momentum correlation. The primary states associated with dissociative and nondissociative dications are assigned. A 3D momentum anticorrelation is observed for the electrons in coincidence with dissociative benzene dication states whereas such a correlation is absent for nondissociative dication states.

Action detection by double hierarchical multi-structure space-time statistical matching model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Jing; Zhu, Junwei; Cui, Yiyin; Bai, Lianfa; Yue, Jiang

2018-03-01

Aimed at the complex information in videos and low detection efficiency, an actions detection model based on neighboring Gaussian structure and 3D LARK features is put forward. We exploit a double hierarchical multi-structure space-time statistical matching model (DMSM) in temporal action localization. First, a neighboring Gaussian structure is presented to describe the multi-scale structural relationship. Then, a space-time statistical matching method is proposed to achieve two similarity matrices on both large and small scales, which combines double hierarchical structural constraints in model by both the neighboring Gaussian structure and the 3D LARK local structure. Finally, the double hierarchical similarity is fused and analyzed to detect actions. Besides, the multi-scale composite template extends the model application into multi-view. Experimental results of DMSM on the complex visual tracker benchmark data sets and THUMOS 2014 data sets show the promising performance. Compared with other state-of-the-art algorithm, DMSM achieves superior performances.

Action detection by double hierarchical multi-structure space–time statistical matching model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Jing; Zhu, Junwei; Cui, Yiyin; Bai, Lianfa; Yue, Jiang

2018-06-01

Aimed at the complex information in videos and low detection efficiency, an actions detection model based on neighboring Gaussian structure and 3D LARK features is put forward. We exploit a double hierarchical multi-structure space-time statistical matching model (DMSM) in temporal action localization. First, a neighboring Gaussian structure is presented to describe the multi-scale structural relationship. Then, a space-time statistical matching method is proposed to achieve two similarity matrices on both large and small scales, which combines double hierarchical structural constraints in model by both the neighboring Gaussian structure and the 3D LARK local structure. Finally, the double hierarchical similarity is fused and analyzed to detect actions. Besides, the multi-scale composite template extends the model application into multi-view. Experimental results of DMSM on the complex visual tracker benchmark data sets and THUMOS 2014 data sets show the promising performance. Compared with other state-of-the-art algorithm, DMSM achieves superior performances.

Differential roles of auxin efflux carrier PIN proteins in hypocotyl phototropism of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings depend on the direction of light stimulus.

PubMed

Haga, Ken; Sakai, Tatsuya

2013-01-01

In a recent study, we demonstrated that although the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins, such as PIN3 and PIN7, are required for the pulse-induced first positive phototropism in etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls, they are not necessary for the continuous-light-induced second positive phototropism when the seedlings are grown on the surface of agar medium, which causes the hypocotyls to separate from the agar surface. Previous reports have shown that hypocotyl phototropism is slightly impaired in pin3 single mutants when they are grown along the surface of agar medium, where the hypocotyls always contact the agar, producing some friction. To clarify the possible involvement of PIN3 and PIN7 in continuous-light-induced phototropism, we investigated hypocotyl phototropism in the pin3 pin7 double mutant grown along the surface of agar medium. Intriguingly, the phototropic curvature was slightly impaired in the double mutant when the phototropic stimulus was presented on the adaxial side of the hook, but was not impaired when the phototropic stimulus was presented on the abaxial side of the hook. These results indicate that PIN proteins are required for continuous-light-induced second positive phototropism, depending on the direction of the light stimulus, when the seedlings are in contact with agar medium.

Differential roles of auxin efflux carrier PIN proteins in hypocotyl phototropism of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings depend on the direction of light stimulus

PubMed Central

Haga, Ken; Sakai, Tatsuya

2013-01-01

In a recent study, we demonstrated that although the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins, such as PIN3 and PIN7, are required for the pulse-induced first positive phototropism in etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls, they are not necessary for the continuous-light-induced second positive phototropism when the seedlings are grown on the surface of agar medium, which causes the hypocotyls to separate from the agar surface. Previous reports have shown that hypocotyl phototropism is slightly impaired in pin3 single mutants when they are grown along the surface of agar medium, where the hypocotyls always contact the agar, producing some friction. To clarify the possible involvement of PIN3 and PIN7 in continuous-light-induced phototropism, we investigated hypocotyl phototropism in the pin3 pin7 double mutant grown along the surface of agar medium. Intriguingly, the phototropic curvature was slightly impaired in the double mutant when the phototropic stimulus was presented on the adaxial side of the hook, but was not impaired when the phototropic stimulus was presented on the abaxial side of the hook. These results indicate that PIN proteins are required for continuous-light-induced second positive phototropism, depending on the direction of the light stimulus, when the seedlings are in contact with agar medium. PMID:23104115

High-level ab initio potential energy surface and dynamics of the F- + CH3I SN2 and proton-transfer reactions.

PubMed

Olasz, Balázs; Szabó, István; Czakó, Gábor

2017-04-01

Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S N 2) and proton transfer are fundamental processes in chemistry and F - + CH 3 I is an important prototype of these reactions. Here we develop the first full-dimensional ab initio analytical potential energy surface (PES) for the F - + CH 3 I system using a permutationally invariant fit of high-level composite energies obtained with the combination of the explicitly-correlated CCSD(T)-F12b method, the aug-cc-pVTZ basis, core electron correlation effects, and a relativistic effective core potential for iodine. The PES accurately describes the S N 2 channel producing I - + CH 3 F via Walden-inversion, front-side attack, and double-inversion pathways as well as the proton-transfer channel leading to HF + CH 2 I - . The relative energies of the stationary points on the PES agree well with the new explicitly-correlated all-electron CCSD(T)-F12b/QZ-quality benchmark values. Quasiclassical trajectory computations on the PES show that the proton transfer becomes significant at high collision energies and double-inversion as well as front-side attack trajectories can occur. The computed broad angular distributions and hot internal energy distributions indicate the dominance of indirect mechanisms at lower collision energies, which is confirmed by analyzing the integration time and leaving group velocity distributions. Comparison with available crossed-beam experiments shows usually good agreement.

Side chain-side chain interactions of arginine with tyrosine and aspartic acid in Arg/Gly/Tyr-rich domains within plant glycine-rich RNA binding proteins.

PubMed

Kumaki, Yasuhiro; Nitta, Katsutoshi; Hikichi, Kunio; Matsumoto, Takeshi; Matsushima, Norio

2004-07-01

Plant glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GRRBPs) contain a glycine-rich region at the C-terminus whose structure is quite unknown. The C-terminal glycine-rich part is interposed with arginine and tyrosine (arginine/glycine/tyrosine (RGY)-rich domain). Comparative sequence analysis of forty-one GRRBPs revealed that the RGY-rich domain contains multiple repeats of Tyr-(Xaa)h-(Arg)k-(Xaa)l, where Xaa is mainly Gly, "k" is 1 or 2, and "h" and "l" range from 0 to 10. Two peptides, 1 (G1G2Y3G4G5G6R7R8D9G10) and 2 (G1G2R3R4D5G6G7Y8G9G10), corresponding to sections of the RGY-rich domain in Zea mays RAB15, were selected for CD and NMR experiments. The CD spectra indicate a unique, positive band near 228 nm in both peptides that has been ascribed to tyrosine residues in ordered structures. The pH titration by NMR revealed that a side chain-side chain interaction, presumably an H-Nepsilon...O=Cgamma hydrogen bonding interaction in the salt bridge, occurs between Arg (i) and Asp (i + 2). 1D GOESY experiments indicated the presence of NOE between the aromatic side chain proton and the arginine side chain proton in the two peptides suggesting strongly that the Arg (i) aromatic side chain interacts directly with the Tyr (i +/- 4 or i +/- 5) side chain.

Double layer drainage performance of porous asphalt pavement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ji, Yangyang; Xie, Jianguang; Liu, Mingxi

2018-06-01

In order to improve the design reliability of the double layer porous asphalt pavement, the 3D seepage finite element method was used to study the drainage capacity of double layer PAC pavements with different geometric parameters. It revealed that the effect of pavement drainage length, slope, permeability coefficient and structure design on the drainage capacity. The research of this paper can provide reference for the design of double layer porous asphalt pavement in different rainfall intensity areas, and provide guides for the related engineering design.

Profile of blonanserin for the treatment of schizophrenia

PubMed Central

Tenjin, Tomomi; Miyamoto, Seiya; Ninomiya, Yuriko; Kitajima, Rei; Ogino, Shin; Miyake, Nobumi; Yamaguchi, Noboru

2013-01-01

Blonanserin was developed as an antipsychotic drug in Japan and approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. It belongs to a series of 4-phenyl-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyridines and acts as an antagonist at dopamine D2, D3, and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Blonanserin has low affinity for 5-HT2C, adrenergic α1, histamine H1, and muscarinic M1 receptors, but displays relatively high affinity for 5-HT6 receptors. In several short-term double-blind clinical trials, blonanserin had equal efficacy as haloperidol and risperidone for positive symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia and was also superior to haloperidol for improving negative symptoms. Blonanserin is generally well tolerated and has a low propensity to cause metabolic side effects and prolactin elevation. We recently reported that blonanserin can improve some types of cognitive function associated with prefrontal cortical function in patients with first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Taken together, these results suggest that blonanserin may be a promising candidate for a first-line antipsychotic for acute and maintenance therapy for schizophrenia. Further comparative studies are warranted to clarify the benefit/risk profile of blonanserin and its role in the treatment of schizophrenia. PMID:23766647

Profile of blonanserin for the treatment of schizophrenia.

PubMed

Tenjin, Tomomi; Miyamoto, Seiya; Ninomiya, Yuriko; Kitajima, Rei; Ogino, Shin; Miyake, Nobumi; Yamaguchi, Noboru

2013-01-01

Blonanserin was developed as an antipsychotic drug in Japan and approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. It belongs to a series of 4-phenyl-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyridines and acts as an antagonist at dopamine D2, D3, and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Blonanserin has low affinity for 5-HT2C, adrenergic α1, histamine H1, and muscarinic M1 receptors, but displays relatively high affinity for 5-HT6 receptors. In several short-term double-blind clinical trials, blonanserin had equal efficacy as haloperidol and risperidone for positive symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia and was also superior to haloperidol for improving negative symptoms. Blonanserin is generally well tolerated and has a low propensity to cause metabolic side effects and prolactin elevation. We recently reported that blonanserin can improve some types of cognitive function associated with prefrontal cortical function in patients with first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Taken together, these results suggest that blonanserin may be a promising candidate for a first-line antipsychotic for acute and maintenance therapy for schizophrenia. Further comparative studies are warranted to clarify the benefit/risk profile of blonanserin and its role in the treatment of schizophrenia.

LIL3, a light-harvesting-like protein, plays an essential role in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis

PubMed Central

Tanaka, Ryouichi; Rothbart, Maxi; Oka, Seiko; Takabayashi, Atsushi; Takahashi, Kaori; Shibata, Masaru; Myouga, Fumiyoshi; Motohashi, Reiko; Shinozaki, Kazuo; Grimm, Bernhard

2010-01-01

The light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding (LHC) proteins are major constituents of eukaryotic photosynthetic machinery. In plants, six different groups of proteins, LHC-like proteins, share a conserved motif with LHC. Although the evolution of LHC and LHC-like proteins is proposed to be a key for the diversification of modern photosynthetic eukaryotes, our knowledge of the evolution and functions of LHC-like proteins is still limited. In this study, we aimed to understand specifically the function of one type of LHC-like proteins, LIL3 proteins, by analyzing Arabidopsis mutants lacking them. The Arabidopsis genome contains two gene copies for LIL3, LIL3:1 and LIL3:2. In the lil3:1/lil3:2 double mutant, the majority of chlorophyll molecules are conjugated with an unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chain. This mutant is also deficient in α-tocopherol. These results indicate that reduction of both the geranylgeraniol side chain of chlorophyll and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, which is also an essential intermediate of tocopherol biosynthesis, is compromised in the lil3 mutants. We found that the content of geranylgeranyl reductase responsible for these reactions was severely reduced in the lil3 double mutant, whereas the mRNA level for this enzyme was not significantly changed. We demonstrated an interaction of geranylgeranyl reductase with both LIL3 isoforms by using a split ubiquitin assay, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and combined blue-native and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We propose that LIL3 is functionally involved in chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis by stabilizing geranylgeranyl reductase. PMID:20823244

Nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide ultrathin nanoflakes decorated on graphene sheets with a 3D nanonetwork structure as supercapacitive materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yan, Tao; Li, Ruiyi; Li, Zaijun, E-mail: zaijunli@263.net

2014-03-01

Graphical abstract: The microwave heating reflux approach was developed for the fabrication of nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide ultrathin nanoflakes decorated on graphene sheets, in which ammonia and ethanol were used as the precipitator and medium for the synthesis. The obtained composite shows a 3D flowerclusters morphology with nanonetwork structure and largely enhanced supercapacitive performance. - Highlights: • The paper reported the microwave synthesis of nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide/graphene composite. • The novel synthesis method is rapid, green, efficient and can be well used to the mass production. • The as-synthesized composite offers a 3D flowerclusters morphology with nanonetwork structure. •more » The composite offers excellent supercapacitive performance. • This study provides a promising route to design and synthesis of advanced graphene-based materials with the superiorities of time-saving and cost-effective characteristics. - Abstract: The study reported a novel microwave heating reflux method for the fabrication of nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide ultrathin nanoflakes decorated on graphene sheets (GS/NiCo-LDH). Ammonia and ethanol were employed as precipitant and reaction medium for the synthesis, respectively. The resulting GS/NiCo-LDH offers a 3D flowerclusters morphology with nanonetwork structure. Due to the greatly enhanced rate of electron transfer and mass transport, the GS/NiCo-LDH electrode exhibits excellent supercapacitive performances. The maximum specific capacitance was found to be 1980.7 F g{sup −1} at the current density of 1 A g{sup −1}. The specific capacitance can remain 1274.7 F g{sup −1} at the current density of 15 A g{sup −1} and it has an increase of about 2.9% after 1500 cycles. Moreover, the study also provides a promising approach for the design and synthesis of metallic double hydroxides/graphene hybrid materials with time-saving and cost-effective characteristics, which can be potentially applied in the energy storage/conversion devices.« less

Dopamine receptor antagonists in the nucleus accumbens attenuate analgesia induced by ventral tegmental area substance P or morphine and by nucleus accumbens amphetamine.

PubMed

Altier, N; Stewart, J

1998-04-01

In the present study, we examined the effects of dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists infused into the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) on analgesia induced by intra-ventral tegmental area (VTA) infusions of the substance P (SP) analog, DiMe-C7 or morphine and intra-NAS infusions of amphetamine. Rats received intra-NAS infusions of either the mixed DA receptor antagonist flupenthixol (1.5 or 3.0 microg/0.5 microl/side; DiMe-C7 only), the DA D1/D5 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.1 microg/0.5 microl/side; DiMe-C7 only) or the DA D2-type receptor antagonist raclopride (1.0, 3.0 or 5.0 microg/0.5 microl/side). Ten minutes later, rats received intra-VTA infusions of DiMe-C7 (3.0 microg/0.5 microl/side) or morphine (3.0 microg/0.5 microl/side) or intra-NAS infusions of amphetamine (2.5 microg/0.5 microl/side). Animals were then administered the formalin test for tonic pain. Intra-NAS raclopride prevented analgesia induced by intra-VTA DiMe-C7, intra-VTA morphine and intra-NAS amphetamine. Similarly, intra-NAS flupenthixol or SCH 23390 attenuated the analgesia induced by intra-VTA DiMe-C7. These findings suggest that tonic pain is inhibited, at least in part, by enhanced DA released from terminals of mesolimbic neurons. Furthermore, the evidence that SP and opioids in the VTA mediate stress-induced analgesia suggests that the pain-suppression system involving the activation of mesolimbic DA neurons is naturally triggered by exposure to stress, pain or both.

Parallel electric fields in extragalactic jets - Double layers and anomalous resistivity in symbiotic relationships

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Borovsky, J. E.

1986-01-01

After examining the properties of Coulomb-collision resistivity, anomalous (collective) resistivity, and double layers, a hybrid anomalous-resistivity/double-layer model is introduced. In this model, beam-driven waves on both sides of a double layer provide electrostatic plasma-wave turbulence that greatly reduces the mobility of charged particles. These regions then act to hold open a density cavity within which the double layer resides. In the double layer, electrical energy is dissipated with 100 percent efficiency into high-energy particles, creating conditions optimal for the collective emission of polarized radio waves.

Side chain requirements for affinity and specificity in D5, an HIV-1 antibody derived from the VH1-69 germline segment.

PubMed

Stewart, Alex; Harrison, Joseph S; Regula, Lauren K; Lai, Jonathan R

2013-04-08

Analysis of factors contributing to high affinity antibody-protein interactions provides insight into natural antibody evolution, and guides the design of antibodies with new or enhanced function. We previously studied the interaction between antibody D5 and its target, a designed protein based on HIV-1 gp41 known as 5-Helix, as a model system [Da Silva, G. F.; Harrison, J. S.; Lai, J. R., Biochemistry, 2010, 49, 5464-5472]. Antibody D5 represents an interesting case study because it is derived from the VH1-69 germline segment; this germline segment is characterized by a hydrophobic second heavy chain complementarity determining region (HCDR2) that constitutes the major functional paratope in D5 and several antibodies derived from the same progenitor. Here we explore side chain requirements for affinity and specificity in D5 using phage display. Two D5-based libraries were prepared that contained diversity in all three light chain complementarity determining regions (LCDRs 1-3), and in the third HCDR (HCDR3). The first library allowed residues to vary among a restricted set of six amino acids (Tyr/Ala/Asp/Ser/His/Pro; D5-Lib-I). The second library was designed based on a survey of existing VH1-69 antibody structures (D5-Lib-II). Both libraries were subjected to multiple rounds of selection against 5-Helix, and individual clones characterized. We found that selectants from D5-Lib-I generally had moderate affinity and specificity, while many clones from D5-Lib-II exhibited D5-like properties. Additional analysis of the D5-Lib-II functional population revealed position-specific biases for particular amino acids, many that differed from the identity of those side chains in D5. Together these results suggest that there is some permissiveness for alternative side chains in the LCDRs and HCDR3 of D5, but that replacement with a minimal set of residues is not tolerated in this scaffold for 5-Helix recognition. This work provides novel information about this high-affinity interaction involving an antibody from the VH1-69 germline segment.

Site and Severity of the Increased Humeral Retroversion in Symptomatic Baseball Players: A 3-dimensional Computed Tomographic Analysis.

PubMed

Itami, Yasuo; Mihata, Teruhisa; Shibano, Koji; Sugamoto, Kazuomi; Neo, Masashi

2016-07-01

Humeral retroversion in baseball players is greater in the dominant shoulder than in the nondominant shoulder. However, the site and severity of the humeral rotational deformity remain unclear. To evaluate the site of side-to-side differences in humeral retroversion in baseball players and the severity of these changes through 3-dimensional computed tomographic (3D CT) bone models. Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. From 2008 to 2014, we studied 25 baseball players (12 pitchers, 13 fielders) who underwent surgery for throwing-related injuries (shoulder injury, 15 players; elbow injury, 10 players). The mean age (±SD) at the time of surgery was 20.0 ± 5.9 years. A reconstructed 3D CT model of the entire humerus was divided into 15 segments of equal height (overall mean, 21.4 ± 1.0 mm). The side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion in each segment was calculated by superimposing the model of the dominant side over the mirror-image model of the nondominant side. The overall mean increase in humeral retroversion was 13.0° ± 6.2° on the dominant side. Significant side-to-side differences in retroversion were present throughout the humerus. The largest side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion was seen at the insertions of the internal rotator muscles (2.5° ± 4.3°) and around the proximal physis (2.5° ± 1.4°). At the insertions of shoulder capsule and rotator cuff tendons, the superior half of the humeral head was more retroverted than the inferior half (P < .0001). The side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion was significantly greater in the pitchers (16.2° ± 5.1°) than in the fielders (10.0° ± 5.7°) (P = .009), particularly at the proximal physis. Baseball players exhibited significant side-to-side differences in humeral retroversion at multiple sites throughout the humerus, including the proximal humerus near the epiphyseal plate and at the insertions of the internal rotator muscles, the middle of the humeral shaft, and the distal third of the humerus. Therefore, the increased humeral retroversion at multiple sites throughout the humerus needs to be considered when we perform physical examinations, provide treatment, or undertake biomechanical studies for any throwing-related injuries. © 2016 The Author(s).

Use of a real-size 3D-printed model as a preoperative and intraoperative tool for minimally invasive plating of comminuted midshaft clavicle fractures.

PubMed

Kim, Hyong Nyun; Liu, Xiao Ning; Noh, Kyu Cheol

2015-06-10

Open reduction and plate fixation is the standard operative treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fracture. However, sometimes it is difficult to achieve anatomic reduction by open reduction technique in cases with comminution. We describe a novel technique using a real-size three dimensionally (3D)-printed clavicle model as a preoperative and intraoperative tool for minimally invasive plating of displaced comminuted midshaft clavicle fractures. A computed tomography (CT) scan is taken of both clavicles in patients with a unilateral displaced comminuted midshaft clavicle fracture. Both clavicles are 3D printed into a real-size clavicle model. Using the mirror imaging technique, the uninjured side clavicle is 3D printed into the opposite side model to produce a suitable replica of the fractured side clavicle pre-injury. The 3D-printed fractured clavicle model allows the surgeon to observe and manipulate accurate anatomical replicas of the fractured bone to assist in fracture reduction prior to surgery. The 3D-printed uninjured clavicle model can be utilized as a template to select the anatomically precontoured locking plate which best fits the model. The plate can be inserted through a small incision and fixed with locking screws without exposing the fracture site. Seven comminuted clavicle fractures treated with this technique achieved good bone union. This technique can be used for a unilateral displaced comminuted midshaft clavicle fracture when it is difficult to achieve anatomic reduction by open reduction technique. Level of evidence V.

[Effect of electroacupuncture on the expression of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in rats with compressed spinal cord injury].

PubMed

Huang, Si-qin; Qi, Wei; Zeng, Zhi-hua; Wang, Ke-jian; Wu, Xiu-yu

2014-11-01

To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the expression of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in rats with compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI) and to explore the mechanism of remyelinization. Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and three treatment groups with 3 d, 7 d and 14 d of treatment respectively. Acupuncture was given to rats in the treatment groups through jiaji point, double zusanli (ST36), and double taixi (KI3). Electroacupuncture (continuous wave, 2 Hz/1. 5 V, 30 min) was applied for the double zusanli (ST36) and double taixi (KI3). Ethological alterations of the rats were observed with quantitative assessment of neurologic function. The ultrastructure changes of nerve fibers in white matter were determined under electronic microscope. Expressions of NG2 protein, an OPC marker, was observed by Western blot. No significant changes in neurologic function and G-ratio were observed after three days and seven days of electroacupuncture treatment (P>0. 05). However, 14 d of electroacupuncture treatment made a significant change compared to the 7 d treatment group and the control group (P<0. 05). The electronic microscope showed axons with varied degree of swollen, degenerated and lost cell organelle in axoplasm, edema in myelin sheaths, disordered, thickened and even broken layers of myelin sheaths in the rats with CSCI. The rats in the treatment groups had milder swollen axons and more compacted layers of myelin sheaths compared to their controls. Western blot showed that the expression of NG2 was increased with time and the differences among the three treatment groups were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The rats in the treatment groups also had higher expressions of NG2 than their controls at 7 d and 14 d (P<0. 05). Electroacupuncture can improve inflammation and edema in the injured nerve fibers and up regulate NG2 expression and remyelination of the injured nerve fibers in rats with CSCI.

Effect of local wound infiltration with ketamine versus dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain and stress after abdominal hysterectomy, a randomized trial.

PubMed

Mohamed, S A; Sayed, D M; El Sherif, F A; Abd El-Rahman, A M

2018-05-01

Postoperative pain and stress elicit hormonal changes. We aimed at comparing the effects of wound infiltration with ketamine versus dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain and stress response. This double-blinded study included ninety patients scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy and were randomly assigned into three groups to receive local wound infiltration with 40 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine (group C), plus 2 mg/kg ketamine (group K) or 2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (group D). Primary outcome was postoperative morphine consumption; secondary outcomes included first request of analgesia, VAS scores at rest and movement (VAS-R/M) and side effects. Serum cortisol, prolactin and glucose levels at baseline, pre-infiltration, 6 and 24 h postoperatively were measured. Rescue analgesia was less in K (6.80 ± 3.19 mg) and D (8.39 ± 3.86 mg) compared to C (13.33 ± 4.01 mg) (p < 0.05). First request of analgesia was delayed in K (7.60 ± 4.16 h) and D (6.00 ± 3.73 h) compared to C (4.20 ± 1.13 h) (p < 0.05). Both VAS and R/M were significantly lower in K (all over 24 h) and D (for 8 and 4 h, respectively) compared to C. Stress markers were significantly lower in K and D compared to C at 6 and 24 h, and in K compared to D at 24 h (p < 0.05). Local wound infiltration with ketamine or dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine had an opioid-sparing effect, delayed first request of rescue analgesia, and attenuated postoperative stress response, especially with ketamine in patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy. © 2018 European Pain Federation - EFIC®.

Base Flipping in V(D)J Recombination: Insights into the Mechanism of Hairpin Formation, the 12/23 Rule, and the Coordination of Double-Strand Breaks▿ †

PubMed Central

Bischerour, Julien; Lu, Catherine; Roth, David B.; Chalmers, Ronald

2009-01-01

Tn5 transposase cleaves the transposon end using a hairpin intermediate on the transposon end. This involves a flipped base that is stacked against a tryptophan residue in the protein. However, many other members of the cut-and-paste transposase family, including the RAG1 protein, produce a hairpin on the flanking DNA. We have investigated the reversed polarity of the reaction for RAG recombination. Although the RAG proteins appear to employ a base-flipping mechanism using aromatic residues, the putatively flipped base is not at the expected location and does not appear to stack against any of the said aromatic residues. We propose an alternative model in which a flipped base is accommodated in a nonspecific pocket or cleft within the recombinase. This is consistent with the location of the flipped base at position −1 in the coding flank, which can be occupied by purine or pyrimidine bases that would be difficult to stabilize using a single, highly specific, interaction. Finally, during this work we noticed that the putative base-flipping events on either side of the 12/23 recombination signal sequence paired complex are coupled to the nicking steps and serve to coordinate the double-strand breaks on either side of the complex. PMID:19720743

Double versus single stenting for coronary bifurcation lesions: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Katritsis, Demosthenes G; Siontis, George C M; Ioannidis, John P A

2009-10-01

Several trials have addressed whether bifurcation lesions require stenting of both the main vessel and side branch, but uncertainty remains on the benefits of such double versus single stenting of the main vessel only. We have conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials including patients with coronary bifurcation lesions who were randomly selected to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention by either double or single stenting. Six studies (n=1642 patients) were eligible. There was increased risk of myocardial infarction with double stenting (risk ratio, 1.78; P=0.001 by fixed effects; risk ratio, 1.49 with Bayesian meta-analysis). The summary point estimate suggested also an increased risk of stent thrombosis with double stenting, but the difference was not nominally significant given the sparse data (risk ratio, 1.85; P=0.19). No obvious difference was seen for death (risk ratio, 0.81; P=0.66) and target lesion revascularization (risk ratio, 1.09; P=0.67). Stenting of both the main vessel and side branch in bifurcation lesions may increase myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis risk compared with stenting of the main vessel only.

Biological denitrification in marine aquaculture systems: A multiple electron donor microcosm study.

PubMed

He, Qiaochong; Zhang, Dongqing; Main, Kevan; Feng, Chuanping; Ergas, Sarina J

2018-05-08

There is a lack of information on denitrification of saline wastewaters, such as those from marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), ion exchange brines and wastewater in areas where sea water is used for toilet flushing. In this study, side-by-side microcosms were used to compare methanol, fish waste (FW), wood chips, elemental sulfur (S 0 ) and a combination of wood chips and sulfur for saline wastewater denitrification. The highest denitrification rate was obtained with methanol (23.4 g N/(m 3 ·d)), followed by FW (4.5 g N/(m 3 ·d)), S 0 (3.5 g N/(m 3 ·d)), eucalyptus mulch (2.6 g N/(m 3 ·d)), and eucalyptus mulch with sulfur (2.2 g N/(m 3 ·d)). Significant differences were observed in denitrification rate for different wood species (pine > oak ≫ eucalyptus) due to differences in readily biodegradable organic carbon released. A pine wood-sulfur heterotrophic-autotrophic denitrification (P-WSHAD) process provided a high denitrification rate (7.2-11.9 g N/(m 3 ·d)), with lower alkalinity consumption and sulfate generation than sulfur alone. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel photoactive and three-dimensional stainless steel anode dramatically enhances the current density of bioelectrochemical systems.

PubMed

Feng, Huajun; Tang, Chenyi; Wang, Qing; Liang, Yuxiang; Shen, Dongsheng; Guo, Kun; He, Qiaoqiao; Jayaprada, Thilini; Zhou, Yuyang; Chen, Ting; Ying, Xianbin; Wang, Meizhen

2018-04-01

This study reports a high-performance 3D stainless-steel photoanode (3D SS photoanode) for bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). The 3D SS photoanode consists of 3D carbon-coated SS felt bioactive side and a flat α-Fe 2 O 3 -coated SS plate photoactive side. Without light illumination, the electrode reached a current density of 26.2 ± 1.9 A m -2 , which was already one of the highest current densities reported thus far. Under illumination, the current density of the electrode was further increased to 46.5 ± 2.9 A m -2 . The mechanism of the photo-enhanced current production can be attributed to the reduced charge-transfer resistance between electrode surface and the biofilm with illumination. It was also found that long-term light illumination can enhance the biofilm formation on the 3D SS photoanode. These findings demonstrate that using the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and microbial electrocatalysis is an efficient way to boost the current production of the existing high-performance 3D anodes for BESs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The improvement of a simple theoretical model for the prediction of the sound insulation of double leaf walls.

PubMed

Davy, John L

2010-02-01

This paper presents a revised theory for predicting the sound insulation of double leaf cavity walls that removes an approximation, which is usually made when deriving the sound insulation of a double leaf cavity wall above the critical frequencies of the wall leaves due to the airborne transmission across the wall cavity. This revised theory is also used as a correction below the critical frequencies of the wall leaves instead of a correction due to Sewell [(1970). J. Sound Vib. 12, 21-32]. It is found necessary to include the "stud" borne transmission of the window frames when modeling wide air gap double glazed windows. A minimum value of stud transmission is introduced for use with resilient connections such as steel studs. Empirical equations are derived for predicting the effective sound absorption coefficient of wall cavities without sound absorbing material. The theory is compared with experimental results for double glazed windows and gypsum plasterboard cavity walls with and without sound absorbing material in their cavities. The overall mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum of the differences between experiment and theory are -0.6 dB, 3.1 dB, 10.9 dB at 1250 Hz, and -14.9 dB at 160 Hz, respectively.

Synchronous development of HCC and CCC in the same subsegment of the liver in a patient with type C liver cirrhosis.

PubMed

Watanabe, Takuya; Sakata, Jun; Ishikawa, Takashi; Shirai, Yoshio; Suda, Takeyasu; Hirono, Haruka; Hasegawa, Katsuhiko; Soga, Kenji; Shibasaki, Koichi; Saito, Yukifumi; Umezu, Hajime

2009-10-31

As a result of having undergone computed tomography (CT), a 75-year-old woman with type-C liver cirrhosiswas shown to have two tumors on the ventral and dorsal sides of subsegment 3 (S3). The tumor on the ventral side was diagnosed as a classic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while that on the dorsal side was considered atypical for a HCC. Although the indocyanine green (ICG) findings indicated poor hepatic reserve, the prothrombin time (PT) was relatively good. An operation was performed in February 2007; however, this resulted in exploratory laparotomy. Dynamic CT performed 12 mo after the operation revealed that the tumor on the dorsal side of S3 had apparently increased. The marginal portion of the tumor was shown to be in the early and parenchymal phases, while the internal portion was found to have grown only slightly in the delayed phase. We diagnosed this tumor as a cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC). S3 subsegmentectomy was performed in April 2008. The tumor on the ventral side was pathologically diagnosed as a moderately differentiated HCC, and that on the dorsal side was diagnosed as a CCC. We can therefore report a rare case of synchronous development of HCC and CCC in the same subsegment of the liver in a patient with type-C liver cirrhosis. We also add a literature review for all the reported cases published in Japan and around the world, and summarize the features of double cancer exhibiting both HCC and CCC.

Synthesis of Novel Extended Phases of Molecular Solids at High Pressures and Temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoo, C; Evans, W; Cynn, H

2004-03-30

This study is for in-situ investigation of chemical bonding and molecular structure of low z-elements and simple molecular solids at high pressures and temperatures using 3rd-generation synchrotron x-ray diffraction. To understand the contribution of the empty d-electron orbital of Mg in relation to the formation of molecular solids like MgO, which is one of the important Earth lower mantle materials and MgB{sub 2}, which has recently been the focus of intense superconducting material research, we have performed double-sided laser heating experiments using a diamond anvil cell (DAC). Understanding the structural stability and the formation of the above Mg-compounds requires studyingmore » Mg itself as well as the relevant compounds. BL10XU at the Spring-8 was used to study phase stability and make accurate equation of state (EOS) determinations of Mg coupled with external heating and the double-sided laser heating technique. Monochromatic x-ray at 30 keV (0.4135 {angstrom}) was focused to about 40 {micro}m at the sample and the diffracted x-ray were recorded using a high-resolution image plate (3000 x 3000 pixels with a 0.1 mm resolution per pixel). EOS parameters for hcp and bcc Mg were determined by fitting to a Birch-Murnaghan equation. An isothermal compression of Mg at 300 K up to 100 GPa provides EOS parameters (B{sub 0}, B{sub 0}{prime}, and V{sub 0}) comparable for both hcp and bcc phases, which is similar to the cases for hcp and fcc phases measured in cobalt and xenon. Similar EOS parameters for both low and high pressure phases with a very small or no measurable volume discontinuity at the phase transition pressure suggests that the hcp-bcc structural transition of Mg may be driven by a stacking fault due to a shear instability as seen in xenon and cobalt. Compared to the recent estimation determined using a large volume press [1], our B{sub 0} is smaller by more than 10% suggesting that the difference may be due to non-hydrostatic conditions. The phase boundary of Mg up to 650 K was determined using external resistive heating in air. The results show a noticeable hysteresis during forward and backward transitions. The initial negative slope of the phase boundary agrees very well with the value predicted by theory[2]. Double-side laser heating at several pressures below 20 GPa with simultaneous in-situ x-ray diffraction indicates that hcp is the dominant stable phase and a double hexagonal close packed structure (dhcp) is not seen at high temperatures and high pressures, unlike the observations of recent studies of Mg using a large volume press, claiming dhcp below 20 GPa between 1350 and 1050 K. We suggest that the dhcp may appear as nonequilibrium phase induced by shear stress.« less

2. Southern Light Tower and Northern Light Tower, view north, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Southern Light Tower and Northern Light Tower, view north, south sides - Kennebec River Light Station, South side of Doubling Point Road, off State Highway 127, 1.8 miles south of U.S. Route 1, Arrowsic, Sagadahoc County, ME

Diffusion and imaging properties of three new lipophilic tracers, NeuroVue ™ Maroon, NeuroVue ™ Red and NeuroVue ™ Green and their use for double and triple labeling of neuronal profile.

PubMed Central

Fritzsch, B.; Muirhead, K.A.; Feng, Feng; D.Gray, B.; Ohlsson-Wilhelm, B. M.

2006-01-01

We describe here diffusion and imaging properties of three new lipophilic tracers, NeuroVue ™ Maroon (near infrared), NeuroVue ™ Red and NeuroVue ™ Green. Using pair wise comparisons between the new dyes and existing dyes (DiI, DiA, DiD, DiO, PKH2, PKH26) applied to the left and the right side of fixed spinal cord preparations, we show that NeuroVue Maroon (excitation max 647 nm) surpasses all other dyes in this study in signal to noise ratio. We also present data showing the utility of these new dyes for both double labeling and triple labeling in combination with each other or existing lipophilic tracers. Using mice bearing the PLP-eGFP transgene, we demonstrate that either NeuroVue Maroon or NeuroVue Red can readily be combined with eGFP labeling. Double labeling experiments using NeuroVue Red and eGFP allowed us to demonstrate that every fiber in the neonatal ear is surrounded by developing Schwann cells. PMID:16023922

Modeling Slab-Slab Interactions: Dynamics of Outward Dipping Double-Sided Subduction Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Király, Ágnes; Holt, Adam F.; Funiciello, Francesca; Faccenna, Claudio; Capitanio, Fabio A.

2018-03-01

Slab-slab interaction is a characteristic feature of tectonically complex areas. Outward dipping double-sided subduction is one of these complex cases, which has several examples on Earth, most notably the Molucca Sea and Adriatic Sea. This study focuses on developing a framework for linking plate kinematics and slab interactions in an outward dipping subduction geometry. We used analog and numerical models to better understand the underlying subduction dynamics. Compared to a single subduction model, double-sided subduction exhibits more time-dependent and vigorous toroidal flow cells that are elongated (i.e., not circular). Because both the Molucca and Adriatic Sea exhibit an asymmetric subduction configuration, we also examine the role that asymmetry plays in the dynamics of outward dipping double-sided subduction. We introduce asymmetry in two ways; with variable initial depths for the two slabs ("geometric" asymmetry), and with variable buoyancy within the subducting plate ("mechanical" asymmetry). Relative to the symmetric case, we probe how asymmetry affects the overall slab kinematics, whether asymmetric behavior intensifies or equilibrates as subduction proceeds. While initial geometric asymmetry disappears once the slabs are anchored to the 660 km discontinuity, the mechanical asymmetry can cause more permanent differences between the two subduction zones. In the most extreme case, the partly continental slab stops subducting due to the unequal slab pull force. The results show that the slab-slab interaction is most effective when the two trenches are closer than 10-8 cm in the laboratory, which is 600-480 km when scaled to the Earth.

Side effects of methylphenidate in childhood cancer survivors: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

PubMed

Conklin, Heather M; Lawford, Joanne; Jasper, Bruce W; Morris, E Brannon; Howard, Scott C; Ogg, Susan W; Wu, Shengjie; Xiong, Xiaoping; Khan, Raja B

2009-07-01

To investigate the frequency and severity of side effects of methylphenidate among childhood survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors and identify predictors of higher adverse effect levels. Childhood cancer survivors (N = 103) identified as having attention and learning problems completed a randomized, double-blind, 3-week, home-crossover trial of placebo, low-dose methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg; 10 mg twice daily maximum) and moderate-dose methylphenidate (0.6 mg/kg; 20 mg twice daily maximum). Caregivers completed the Barkley Side Effects Rating Scale (SERS) at baseline and each week during the medication trial. Siblings of cancer survivors (N = 49) were recruited as a healthy comparison group. There was a significantly higher number and severity of symptoms endorsed on the SERS when patients were taking moderate dose compared with placebo or low dose, but not low dose compared with placebo. The number of side effects endorsed on the SERS was significantly lower during all 3 home-crossover weeks (placebo, low dose, moderate dose) when compared with baseline symptom scores. The severity of side effects was also significantly lower, compared with baseline screening, during placebo and low-dose weeks but not moderate-dose weeks. Both the number and severity of symptoms endorsed at baseline were significantly higher for patients compared with siblings. Female gender and lower IQ were associated with higher adverse effect levels. Methylphenidate is generally well tolerated by childhood cancer survivors. There is a subgroup at increased risk for side effects that may need to be closely monitored or prescribed a lower medication dose. The seemingly paradoxical findings of increased "side effects" at baseline must be considered when monitoring side effects and designing clinical trials.

Force interaction and 3D pole movement in double poling.

PubMed

Stöggl, T; Holmberg, H-C

2011-12-01

The aim of this study was to analyze double poling using combined kinetic and 3D kinematic analysis at high skiing speeds as regards pole force components, pole angles and pole behavior during the poling and swing phase. The hypothesis was that a horizontal pole force is more predictive for maximal skiing speed (V(max)) than the resultant pole force. Sixteen elite skiers performed a double-poling V(max) test while treadmill roller skiing. Pole forces and 3D kinematics of pole movement at a speed of 30 km/h were analyzed and related to V(max). The duration of the "preparation phase" showed the strongest relationship with V(max) (r=0.87, P<0.001). Faster skiers generated longer cycle lengths with longer swing and poling times, had less inclined pole angles at pole plant and a later peak pole force. Horizontal pole forces were not more highly related to V(max) compared with the resultant pole force. Impact force was not related to V(max). At high skiing speeds, skiers should aim to combine high pole forces with appropriate timing of pole forces and appropriate pole and body positions during the swing and poling phase. The emphasis in training should be on the development of specific strength capacities for pole force production and the utilization of these capacities in double-poling training sessions. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Survival of the most transferable at the top of Jacob's ladder: Defining and testing the ωB97M(2) double hybrid density functional

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mardirossian, Narbe; Head-Gordon, Martin

2018-06-01

A meta-generalized gradient approximation, range-separated double hybrid (DH) density functional with VV10 non-local correlation is presented. The final 14-parameter functional form is determined by screening trillions of candidate fits through a combination of best subset selection, forward stepwise selection, and random sample consensus (RANSAC) outlier detection. The MGCDB84 database of 4986 data points is employed in this work, containing a training set of 870 data points, a validation set of 2964 data points, and a test set of 1152 data points. Following an xDH approach, orbitals from the ωB97M-V density functional are used to compute the second-order perturbation theory correction. The resulting functional, ωB97M(2), is benchmarked against a variety of leading double hybrid density functionals, including B2PLYP-D3(BJ), B2GPPLYP-D3(BJ), ωB97X-2(TQZ), XYG3, PTPSS-D3(0), XYGJ-OS, DSD-PBEP86-D3(BJ), and DSD-PBEPBE-D3(BJ). Encouragingly, the overall performance of ωB97M(2) on nearly 5000 data points clearly surpasses that of all of the tested density functionals. As a Rung 5 density functional, ωB97M(2) completes our family of combinatorially optimized functionals, complementing B97M-V on Rung 3, and ωB97X-V and ωB97M-V on Rung 4. The results suggest that ωB97M(2) has the potential to serve as a powerful predictive tool for accurate and efficient electronic structure calculations of main-group chemistry.

Topological defects in electric double layers of ionic liquids at carbon interfaces

DOE PAGES

Black, Jennifer M.; Okatan, Mahmut Baris; Feng, Guang; ...

2015-06-07

The structure and properties of the electrical double layer in ionic liquids is of interest in a wide range of areas including energy storage, catalysis, lubrication, and many more. Theories describing the electrical double layer for ionic liquids have been proposed, however a full molecular level description of the double layer is lacking. To date, studies have been predominantly focused on ion distributions normal to the surface, however the 3D nature of the electrical double layer in ionic liquids requires a full picture of the double layer structure not only normal to the surface, but also in plane. Here wemore » utilize 3D force mapping to probe the in plane structure of an ionic liquid at a graphite interface and report the direct observation of the structure and properties of topological defects. The observation of ion layering at structural defects such as step-edges, reinforced by molecular dynamics simulations, defines the spatial resolution of the method. Observation of defects allows for the establishment of the universality of ionic liquid behavior vs. separation from the carbon surface and to map internal defect structure. In conclusion, these studies offer a universal pathway for probing the internal structure of topological defects in soft condensed matter on the nanometer level in three dimensions.« less

Theoretical and experimental study on the Nd:YAG/BaWO4/KTP yellow laser generating 8.3 W output power.

PubMed

Cong, Zhenhua; Zhang, Xingyu; Wang, Qingpu; Liu, Zhaojun; Chen, Xiaohan; Fan, Shuzhen; Zhang, Xiaolei; Zhang, Huaijin; Tao, Xutang; Li, Shutao

2010-06-07

A diode-side-pumped actively Q-switched intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YAG/BaWO(4)/KTP Raman laser is studied experimentally and theoretically. Rate equations are used to analyze the Q-switched yellow laser by considering the transversal distributions of the intracavity photon density and the inversion population density. An 8.3 W 590 nm laser is obtained with a 125.8 W 808 nm pump power and a 15 kHz pulse repetition frequency. The corresponding optical conversion efficiency from diode laser to yellow laser is 6.57%, much higher than that of the former reported side-pumped yellow laser. The output powers with respect to the incident pump power are in agreement with the theoretical results on the whole.

Rapid assessment of pulmonary gas transport with hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI using a 3D radial double golden-means acquisition with variable flip angles.

PubMed

Ruppert, Kai; Amzajerdian, Faraz; Hamedani, Hooman; Xin, Yi; Loza, Luis; Achekzai, Tahmina; Duncan, Ian F; Profka, Harrilla; Siddiqui, Sarmad; Pourfathi, Mehrdad; Cereda, Maurizio F; Kadlecek, Stephen; Rizi, Rahim R

2018-04-22

To demonstrate the feasibility of using a 3D radial double golden-means acquisition with variable flip angles to monitor pulmonary gas transport in a single breath hold with hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI. Hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI scans with interleaved gas-phase and dissolved-phase excitations were performed using a 3D radial double golden-means acquisition in mechanically ventilated rabbits. The flip angle was either held fixed at 15 ° or 5 °, or it was varied linearly in ascending or descending order between 5 ° and 15 ° over a sampling interval of 1000 spokes. Dissolved-phase and gas-phase images were reconstructed at high resolution (32 × 32 × 32 matrix size) using all 1000 spokes, or at low resolution (22 × 22 × 22 matrix size) using 400 spokes at a time in a sliding-window fashion. Based on these sliding-window images, relative change maps were obtained using the highest mean flip angle as the reference, and aggregated pixel-based changes were tracked. Although the signal intensities in the dissolve-phase maps were mostly constant in the fixed flip-angle acquisitions, they varied significantly as a function of average flip angle in the variable flip-angle acquisitions. The latter trend reflects the underlying changes in observed dissolve-phase magnetization distribution due to pulmonary gas uptake and transport. 3D radial double golden-means acquisitions with variable flip angles provide a robust means for rapidly assessing lung function during a single breath hold, thereby constituting a particularly valuable tool for imaging uncooperative or pediatric patient populations. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Cross-Conjugated Nanoarchitectures

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-23

compounds were further evaluated by Lippert –Mataga analysis of the fluorescence solvatochromism and measurement of quantum yields and fluorescence...1.9 1.1 A(mP)2A Cy 0.49 5.5 0.90 0.93 D(Th)2D Cy 0.008 1.1 0.07 9 A(Th)2A Tol 0.014 2.1f 0.07 4.7 a Calculated from Lippert –Mataga plots for...Δfʹ region of the Lippert –Mataga plot. d Double exponential fit: τ1 = 21.5 ns (73%) and τ2 = 3.7 ns (27%). e Double exponential fit: τ1 = 0.85 ns

Nonlinear stability research on the hydraulic system of double-side rolling shear.

PubMed

Wang, Jun; Huang, Qingxue; An, Gaocheng; Qi, Qisong; Sun, Binyu

2015-10-01

This paper researches the stability of the nonlinear system taking the hydraulic system of double-side rolling shear as an example. The hydraulic system of double-side rolling shear uses unsymmetrical electro-hydraulic proportional servo valve to control the cylinder with single piston rod, which can make best use of the space and reduce reversing shock. It is a typical nonlinear structure. The nonlinear state-space equations of the unsymmetrical valve controlling cylinder system are built first, and the second Lyapunov method is used to evaluate its stability. Second, the software AMEsim is applied to simulate the nonlinear system, and the results indicate that the system is stable. At last, the experimental results show that the system unsymmetrical valve controlling the cylinder with single piston rod is stable and conforms to what is deduced by theoretical analysis and simulation. The construction and application of Lyapunov function not only provide the theoretical basis for using of unsymmetrical valve controlling cylinder with single piston rod but also develop a new thought for nonlinear stability evaluation.

Nonlinear stability research on the hydraulic system of double-side rolling shear

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jun; Huang, Qingxue; An, Gaocheng; Qi, Qisong; Sun, Binyu

2015-10-01

This paper researches the stability of the nonlinear system taking the hydraulic system of double-side rolling shear as an example. The hydraulic system of double-side rolling shear uses unsymmetrical electro-hydraulic proportional servo valve to control the cylinder with single piston rod, which can make best use of the space and reduce reversing shock. It is a typical nonlinear structure. The nonlinear state-space equations of the unsymmetrical valve controlling cylinder system are built first, and the second Lyapunov method is used to evaluate its stability. Second, the software AMEsim is applied to simulate the nonlinear system, and the results indicate that the system is stable. At last, the experimental results show that the system unsymmetrical valve controlling the cylinder with single piston rod is stable and conforms to what is deduced by theoretical analysis and simulation. The construction and application of Lyapunov function not only provide the theoretical basis for using of unsymmetrical valve controlling cylinder with single piston rod but also develop a new thought for nonlinear stability evaluation.

More Fluorous Surface Modifier Makes it Less Oleophobic: Fluorinated-Siloxane Copolymer/PDMS Coatings

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wei; Zheng, Ying; Orsini, Lorenzo; Morelli, Andrea; Galli, Giancarlo; Chiellini, Emo; Carpenter, Everett E.; Wynne, Kenneth J.

2010-01-01

A copolyacrylate with semifluorinated and polydimethylsiloxane side chains (D5-3) was used as a surface modifier for a condensation cured PDMS coating. The decyl fluorous group is represented by “D”; “5” is a 5 kDa silicone, and “3” the mole ratio of fluorous to silicone side chain. Wetting behavior was assessed by dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis using isopropanol, which differentiates silicone and fluorous wetting behavior. Interestingly, a maximum in surface oleophobicity was found at low D5-3 concentration (0.4 wt%). Higher concentrations result in decreased oleophobicity reflected in decreased contact angles. To understand this unexpected observation, dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies were initiated on a model system consisting of hydroxyl-terminated PDMS (18 kDa) containing varying amounts of D5-3. DLS revealed D5-3 aggregation as a function of temperature and concentration. A model is proposed by which D5-3 surface concentration is depleted via phase separation favoring D5-3 aggregation at concentrations >0.4 wt%, that is, the CMC. This model suggests increasing aggregate / micelle concentrations at increased D5-3 concentration. Bulk morphologies studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) support this model by showing increased aggregate concentrations with increased D5-3 >0.4 wt%. PMID:20000339