49 CFR 572.199 - Pelvis iliac.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pelvis iliac. 572.199 Section 572.199... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.199 Pelvis iliac. (a) The iliac is part of the lower torso... the assembled dummy (drawing 180-0000). The dummy is equipped with a laterally oriented pelvis...

49 CFR 572.199 - Pelvis iliac.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pelvis iliac. 572.199 Section 572.199... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.199 Pelvis iliac. (a) The iliac is part of the lower torso assembly... assembled dummy (drawing 180-0000). The dummy is equipped with a laterally oriented pelvis accelerometer as...

49 CFR 572.199 - Pelvis iliac.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pelvis iliac. 572.199 Section 572.199... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.199 Pelvis iliac. (a) The iliac is part of the lower torso... the assembled dummy (drawing 180-0000). The dummy is equipped with a laterally oriented pelvis...

49 CFR 572.198 - Pelvis acetabulum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pelvis acetabulum. 572.198 Section 572.198... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.198 Pelvis acetabulum. (a) The acetabulum is part of the lower torso... torso of the assembled dummy (drawing 180-0000). The dummy is equipped with a laterally oriented pelvis...

49 CFR 572.199 - Pelvis iliac.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pelvis iliac. 572.199 Section 572.199... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.199 Pelvis iliac. (a) The iliac is part of the lower torso assembly... assembled dummy (drawing 180-0000). The dummy is equipped with a laterally oriented pelvis accelerometer as...

49 CFR 572.199 - Pelvis iliac.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pelvis iliac. 572.199 Section 572.199... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.199 Pelvis iliac. (a) The iliac is part of the lower torso assembly... assembled dummy (drawing 180-0000). The dummy is equipped with a laterally oriented pelvis accelerometer as...

49 CFR 572.198 - Pelvis acetabulum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pelvis acetabulum. 572.198 Section 572.198... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.198 Pelvis acetabulum. (a) The acetabulum is part of the lower torso... torso of the assembled dummy (drawing 180-0000). The dummy is equipped with a laterally oriented pelvis...

49 CFR 572.161 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.161 General description. (a) The Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy is defined by drawings and specifications containing the following materials: (1) “Parts List and Drawings, Part 572 Subpart S, Hybrid III Weighted Six-Year Old Child Test Dummy (H-III6CW...

Dummy left behind by Skylab 3 crew for the Skylab 4 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-16

SL3-113-1586 (July-September 1973) --- This photograph is an illustration of the humorous side of the Skylab 3 crew. This dummy was left behind in the Skylab space station by the Skylab 3 crew to be found by the Skylab 4 crew. The dummy is dressed in a flight suit and placed in the Lower Body Negative Pressure Device. The name tag indicates that it represents Gerald P. Carr, Skylab 4 commander, in the background is a partial view of the dummy for William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot, propped upon the bicycle ergometer. The dummy representing Edward G. Gibson, Skylab science pilot, was left in the waste compartment. Astronauts Alan L. Bean, Owen K. Garriott and Jack R. Lousma were the Skylab 3 crewmen. Photo credit: NASA

Dummy left behind by Skylab 3 crew for the Skylab 4 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-16

SL3-113-1587 (July-September 1973) --- This photograph is an illustration of the humorous side of the Skylab 3 crew. This dummy was left behind in the Skylab space station by the Skylab 3 crew to be found by the Skylab 4 crew. The dummy is dressed in a flight suit and propped upon the bicycle ergometer. The name tag indicated that it represents William R. Pogue, Skylab pilot. The dummy for Gerald P. Carr, Skylab 4 commander, was placed in the Lower Body Negative Pressure Device. The dummy representing Edward G. Gibson was left in the waste compartment. Astronauts Alan L. Bean, Owen K. Garriott and Jack R. Lousma were the Skylab 3 crewmen. Gibson is the Skylab 4 science pilot. Photo credit: NASA

Male and female WorldSID and post mortem human subject responses in full-scale vehicle tests.

PubMed

Yoganandan, Narayan; Humm, John; Pintar, Frank; Rhule, Heather; Moorhouse, Kevin; Suntay, Brian; Stricklin, Jim; Rudd, Rodney; Craig, Matthew

2017-05-29

This study compares the responses of male and female WorldSID dummies with post mortem human subject (PMHS) responses in full-scale vehicle tests. Tests were conducted according to the FMVSS-214 protocols and using the U.S. Side Impact New Car Assessment Program change in velocity to match PMHS experiments, published earlier. Moving deformable barrier (MDB) tests were conducted with the male and female surrogates in the left front and left rear seats. Pole tests were performed with the male surrogate in the left front seat. Three-point belt restraints were used. Sedan-type vehicles were used from the same manufacturer with side airbags. The PMHS head was instrumented with a pyramid-shaped nine-axis accelerometer package, with angular velocity transducers on the head. Accelerometers and angular velocity transducers were secured to T1, T6, and T12 spinous processes and sacrum. Three chest bands were secured around the upper, middle, and lower thoraces. Dummy instrumentation included five infrared telescoping rods for assessment of chest compression (IR-TRACC) and a chest band at the first abdomen rib, head angular velocity transducer, and head, T1, T4, T12, and pelvis accelerometers. Morphological responses of the kinematics of the head, thoracic spine, and pelvis matched in both surrogates for each pair. The peak magnitudes of the torso accelerations were lower for the dummy than for the biological surrogate. The brain rotational injury criterion (BrIC) response was the highest in the male dummy for the MDB test and PMHS. The probability of AIS3+ injuries, based on the head injury criterion, ranged from 3% to 13% for the PMHS and from 3% to 21% for the dummy from all tests. The BrIC-based metrics ranged from 0 to 21% for the biological and 0 to 48% for the dummy surrogates. The deflection profiles from the IR-TRACC sensors were unimodal. The maximum deflections from the chest band placed on the first abdominal rib were 31.7 mm and 25.4 mm for the male and female dummies in the MDB test, and 37.4 mm for the male dummy in the pole test. The maximum deflections computed from the chest band contours at a gauge equivalent to the IR-TRACC location were 25.9 mm and 14.8 mm for the male and female dummies in the MDB test, and 37.4 mm for the male dummy in the pole test. Other data (static vehicle deformation profiles, accelerations histories of different body regions, and chest band contours for the dummy and PMHS) are given in the appendix. This is the first study to compare the responses of PMHS and male and female dummies in MDB and pole tests, done using the same recent model year vehicles with side airbag and head curtain restraints. The differences between the dummy and PMHS torso accelerations suggest the need for design improvements in the WorldSID dummy. The translation-based metrics suggest low probability of head injury. As the dummy internal sensor underrecorded the peak deflection, multipoint displacement measures are therefore needed for a more accurate quantification of deflection to improve the safety assessment of occupants.

Injury risk curves for the WorldSID 50th male dummy.

PubMed

Petitjean, Audrey; Trosseille, Xavier; Petit, Philippe; Irwin, Annette; Hassan, Joe; Praxl, Norbert

2009-11-01

The development of the WorldSID 50th percentile male dummy was initiated in 1997 by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO/SC12/TC22/WG5) with the objective of developing a more biofidelic side impact dummy and supporting the adoption of a harmonised dummy into regulations. More than 45 organizations from all around the world have contributed to this effort including governmental agencies, research institutes, car manufacturers and dummy manufacturers. The first production version of the WorldSID 50th male dummy was released in March 2004 and demonstrated an improved biofidelity over existing side impact dummies. Full scale vehicle tests covering a wide range of side impact test procedures were performed worldwide with the WorldSID dummy. However, the vehicle safety performance could not be assessed due to lack of injury risk curves for this dummy. The development of these curves was initiated in 2004 within the framework of ISO/SC12/TC22/WG6 (Injury criteria). In 2008, the ACEA- Dummy Task Force (TFD) decided to contribute to this work and offered resources for a project manager to coordinate of the effort of a group of volunteer biomechanical experts from international institutions (ISO, EEVC, VRTC/NHTSA, JARI, Transport Canada), car manufacturers (ACEA, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Toyota, Chrysler) and universities (Wayne State University, Ohio State University, John Hopkins University, Medical College of Wisconsin) to develop harmonized injury risk curves. An in-depth literature review was conducted. All the available PMHS datasets were identified, the test configurations and the quality of the results were checked. Criteria were developed for inclusion or exclusion of PMHS tests in the development of the injury risk curves. Data were processed to account for differences in mass and age of the subjects. Finally, injury risk curves were developed using the following statistical techniques, the certainty method, the Mertz/Weber method, the logistic regression, the survival analysis and the Consistent Threshold Estimate. The paper presents the methods used to check and process the data, select the PMHS tests, and construct the injury risk curves. The PMHS dataset as well as the injury risk curves are provided.

49 CFR 572.198 - Pelvis acetabulum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the dummy is in vertical orientation. (4) Push the dummy at the knees and at mid-sternum of the upper torso with just sufficient horizontally oriented force towards the seat back until the back of the upper torso is in contact with the seat back. (5) While maintaining the dummy's position as specified in...

49 CFR 572.195 - Thorax with arm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... dummy is in vertical orientation. (4) Push the dummy at the knees and at mid-sternum of the upper torso with just sufficient horizontally oriented force towards the seat back until the back of the upper torso is in contact with the seat back. (5) While maintaining the dummy's position as specified in...

How Robust Is Linear Regression with Dummy Variables?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blankmeyer, Eric

2006-01-01

Researchers in education and the social sciences make extensive use of linear regression models in which the dependent variable is continuous-valued while the explanatory variables are a combination of continuous-valued regressors and dummy variables. The dummies partition the sample into groups, some of which may contain only a few observations.…

Dummy Cup Helps Robot-Welder Programmers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gordon, Stephen S.

1990-01-01

Dummy gas cup used on torch of robotic welder during programming and practice runs. Made of metal or plastic, dummy cup inexpensive and durable. Withstands bumps caused by programming errors, and is sized for special welding jobs within limited clearances. After robot satisfactorily programmed, replaced by ceramic cup of same dimensions for actual welding.

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

49 CFR 572.76 - Limbs assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... between 1g and 2g. (ii) Place the dummy legs in a plane parallel to the dummy's midsagittal plane with the knee pivot center line perpendicular to the dummy's midsagittal plane, and with the feet flat on the... parallel to the midsagittal plane at the specified velocity. (5) Guide the test probe during impact so that...

Laboratory Reconstructions of Real World Frontal Crash Configurations using the Hybrid III and THOR Dummies and PMHS.

PubMed

Petitjean, Audrey; Lebarbe, Matthieu; Potier, Pascal; Trosseille, Xavier; Lassau, Jean-Pierre

2002-11-01

Load-limiting belt restraints have been present in French cars since 1995. An accident study showed the greater effectiveness in thorax injury prevention using a 4 kN load limiter belt with an airbag than using a 6 kN load limiter belt without airbag. The criteria for thoracic tolerance used in regulatory testing is the sternal deflection for all restraint types, belt and/or airbag restraint. This criterion does not assess the effectiveness of the restraint 4 kN load limiter belt with airbag observed in accidentology. To improve the understanding of thoracic tolerance, frontal sled crashes were performed using the Hybrid III and THOR dummies and PMHS. The sled configuration and the deceleration law correspond to those observed in the accident study. Restraint conditions evaluated are the 6 kN load-limiting belt and the 4 kN load-limiting belt with an airbag. Loads between the occupant and the sled environment were recorded. Various measurements (including thoracic deflections and head, thorax and pelvis accelerations and angular velocities on the dummies) characterize the dummy and PMHS behavior. PMHS anthropometry and injuries were noted. This study presents the test methodology and the results used to evaluate dummy ability to discriminate both restraint types and dummy measurement ability to be representative of thoracic injury risk for all restraint types. The injury results of the PMHS tests showed the same tendency as the accident study. Some of the criteria proposed in the literature did not show a better protection of the 4 kN load limiter belt with airbag restraint, in particular thoracic deflection maxima for both dummies. The four thoracic deflections measured on the THOR and Hybrid III dummies may allow more accurate analysis of the loading pattern and therefore of injury risk.

Trauma potential and ballistic parameters of cal. 9 mm P.A. dummy launchers.

PubMed

Frank, Matthias; Bockholdt, Britta; Philipp, Klaus-Peter; Ekkernkamp, Axel

2010-07-15

Blank cartridge actuated dummy launching devices are used by migratory bird hunters to train dogs to retrieve downed birds. The devices create a loud noise while simultaneously propelling a hard foam dummy for retrieval. A newly developed dummy launcher is based on a modified cal. 9 mm P.A. blank handgun with an extension tube pinned and welded to the barrel imitation. Currently, there are no experimental investigations on the ballistic background and trauma potential of these uncommon shooting devices. An experimental test set-up consisting of a photoelectric infrared light barrier was used for measurement of the velocity of hard foam dummies propelled with an automatic dummy launcher. Ballistic parameters of the dummies and an aluminium sleeve as improvised projectile (kinetic energy (E), impulse (p), energy density (E') and threshold velocity (v(tsh)) to cause penetrating wounds as a function of cross-sectional density (S)) were calculated. The average velocity (v) of the dummies was measured 25.71 m/s exerting an average impulse (p) of 3.342 Ns. The average kinetic energy (E) was calculated 43.04 J with an average energy density (E') of 0.069 J/mm(2). The average velocity (v) of the aluminium sleeves as improvised projectiles was measured 79.58 m/s exerting an average impulse (p) of 2.228 Ns. The average kinetic energy (E) of the aluminium sleeves was calculated as 88.70 J with an average energy density (E') of 0.282 J/mm(2). The energy delivered by these shooting devices is high enough to cause relevant injuries. The absence of skin penetration must not mislead the emergency physician or forensic expert into neglecting the potential damage from these devices. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influences of pre-crash braking induced dummy - forward displacements on dummy behaviour during EuroNCAP frontal crashtest.

PubMed

Woitsch, Gernot; Sinz, Wolfgang

2014-01-01

Combination of active and passive safety systems is a future key to further improvement in vehicle safety. Autonomous braking systems are able to reduce collision speeds, and therefore severity levels significantly. Passengers change their position due to pre-impact vehicle motion, a fact, which has not yet been considered in common crash tests. For this paper, finite elements simulations of crash tests were performed to show that forward displacements due to pre-crash braking do not necessarily increase dummy load levels. So the influence of different pre-crash scenarios, all leading to equal closing speeds in the crash phase, are considered in terms of vehicle motion (pitching, deceleration) and restraint system configurations (belt load limiter, pretensioner). The influence is evaluated by dummy loads as well as contact risk between the dummy and the interior. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intrathoracic pressure variations in an anthropomorphic dummy exposed to air blast, blunt impact, and missiles.

PubMed

Jönsson, A; Arvebo, E; Schantz, B

1988-01-01

Experiments with an anthropomorphic dummy for blast research demonstrated that pressures recorded in the lung model of the dummy could be correlated to primary air blast effects on the lungs of experimental animals. The results presented here were obtained with a dummy of the type mentioned above, but with the lung model modified to improve geometric similarity to man. Blast experiments were performed in a shock tube, and impact experiments in a special impact machine. Experiments with nonpenetrating missiles were performed with small-caliber firearms and the dummy protected by body armor. Severity indices derived from the blast experiments were related to established criteria for primary lung injury in man. Impacts delivered in the impact machine and by nonpenetrating missiles are compared. Relationships between severity of impact based on experiments with animals and primary lung injury in man are discussed.

75 FR 76636 - Anthropomorphic Test Devices; Hybrid III 6-Year-Old Child Test Dummy, Hybrid III 6-Year-Old...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

... test H06120 with the original femurs. Therefore, comparisons were made between pre- and post-test... [Docket No. NHTSA-2010-0147] RIN 2127-AK34 Anthropomorphic Test Devices; Hybrid III 6-Year-Old Child Test Dummy, Hybrid III 6-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety...

Impact Testing and Simulation of a Crashworthy Composite Fuselage Section with Energy-Absorbing Seats and Dummies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasanella, Edwin L.; Jackson, Karen E.

2002-01-01

A 25-ft/s vertical drop test of a composite fuselage section was conducted with two energy-absorbing seats occupied by anthropomorphic dummies to evaluate the crashworthy features of the fuselage section and to determine its interaction with the seats and dummies. The 5-ft. diameter fuselage section consists of a stiff structural floor and an energy-absorbing subfloor constructed of Rohacel foam blocks. The experimental data from this test were analyzed and correlated with predictions from a crash simulation developed using the nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic computer code, MSC.Dytran. The anthropomorphic dummies were simulated using the Articulated Total Body (ATB) code, which is integrated into MSC.Dytran.

Impact Testing and Simulation of a Crashworthy Composite Fuselage Section with Energy-Absorbing Seats and Dummies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasanella, Edwin L.; Jackson, Karen E.

2002-01-01

A 25-ft/s vertical drop test of a composite fuselage section was conducted with two energy-absorbing seats occupied by anthropomorphic dummies to evaluate the crashworthy features of the fuselage section and to determine its interaction with the seats and dummies. The 5-ft diameter fuselage section consists of a stiff structural floor and an energy-absorbing subfloor constructed of Rohacel foam blocks. The experimental data from this test were analyzed and correlated with predictions from a crash simulation developed using the nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic computer code, MSC.Dytran. The anthropomorphic dummies were simulated using the Articulated Total Body (ATB) code, which is integrated into MSC.Dytran.

Anthropometry for WorldSID, a World-Harmonized Midsize Male Side Impact Crash Dummy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

S. Moss; Z. Wang; M. Salloum

2000-06-19

The WorldSID project is a global effort to design a new generation side impact crash test dummy under the direction of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The first WorldSID crash dummy will represent a world-harmonized mid-size adult male. This paper discusses the research and rationale undertaken to define the anthropometry of a world standard midsize male in the typical automotive seated posture. Various anthropometry databases are compared region by region and in terms of the key dimensions needed for crash dummy design. The Anthropometry for Motor Vehicle Occupants (AMVO) dataset, as established by the University of Michigan Transportation Researchmore » Institute (UMTRI), is selected as the basis for the WorldSID mid-size male, updated to include revisions to the pelvis bone location. The proposed mass of the dummy is 77.3kg with full arms. The rationale for the selected mass is discussed. The joint location and surface landmark database is appended to this paper.« less

Object categorization by wild ranging birds-Winter feeder experiments.

PubMed

Nováková, Nela; Veselý, Petr; Fuchs, Roman

2017-10-01

The object categorization is only scarcely studied using untrained wild ranging animals and relevant stimuli. We tested the importance of the spatial position of features salient for categorization of a predator using wild ranging birds (titmice) visiting a winter feeder. As a relevant stimulus we used a dummy of a raptor, the European sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), placed at the feeding location. This dummy was designed to be dismantled into three parts and rearranged with the head in the correct position, in the middle or at the bottom of the dummy. When the birds had the option of visiting an alternative feeder with a dummy pigeon, they preferred this option to visiting the feeder with the dummy sparrowhawk with the head in any of the three positions. When the birds had the option of visiting an alternative feeder with an un-rearranged dummy sparrowhawk, they visited both feeders equally often, and very scarcely. This suggests that the titmice considered all of the sparrowhawk modifications as being dangerous, and equally dangerous as the un-rearranged sparrowhawk. The position of the head was not the most important cue for categorization. The presence of the key features was probably sufficient for categorization, and their mutual spatial position was of lower importance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation of "dummy" l-phenylalanine molecularly imprinted microspheres by using ionic liquid as a template and functional monomer.

PubMed

Li, Ji; Hu, Xiaoling; Guan, Ping; Song, Dongmen; Qian, Liwei; Du, Chunbao; Song, Renyuan; Wang, Chaoli

2015-07-07

In this study, dummy imprinting technology was employed for the preparation of l-phenylalanine-imprinted microspheres. Ionic liquids were utilized as both a "dummy" template and functional monomer, and 4-vinylpyridine and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were used as the assistant monomer and cross-linker, respectively, for preparing a surface-imprinted polymer on poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres. By the results obtained by theoretical investigation, the interaction between the template and monomer complex was improved as compared with that between the template and the traditional l-phenylalanine-imprinted polymer. The batch experiments indicated that the imprinting factor reached 2.5. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that the obtained "dummy" molecularly imprinted microspheres exhibited an affinity of 77.4 M·10 -4 , significantly higher that of a traditional polymer directly prepared by l-phenylalanine, which is in agreement with theoretical results. Competitive adsorption experiments also showed that the molecularly imprinted polymer with the dummy template effectively isolated l-phenylalanine from l-histidine and l-tryptophan with separation factors of 5.68 and 2.68, respectively. All these results demonstrated that the polymerizable ionic liquid as the dummy template could enhance the affinity and selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymer, thereby promoting the development of imprinting technology for biomolecules. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Modeling and validation of a detailed FE viscoelastic lumbar spine model for vehicle occupant dummies.

PubMed

Amiri, Sorosh; Naserkhaki, Sadegh; Parnianpour, Mohamad

2018-06-19

The dummies currently used for predicting vehicle occupant response during frontal crashes or whole-body vibration provide insufficient information about spinal loads. Although they aptly approximate upper-body rotations in different loading scenarios, they overlook spinal loads, which are crucial to injury assessment. This paper aims to develop a modified dummy finite element (FE) model with a detailed viscoelastic lumbar spine. This model has been developed and validated against in-vitro and in-silico data under different loading conditions, and its predicted ranges of motion (RoM) and intradiscal pressure (IDP) maintain close correspondence with the in-vitro data. The dominant frequency of the model was f = 8.92 Hz, which was close to previous results. In the relaxation test, a force reduction of up to 21% was obtained, showing high agreement in force relaxation during the in-vitro test. The FE lumbar spine model was placed in the HYBRID III test dummy and aligned in a seated position based on available MRI data. Under two impulsive acceleration loadings in flexion and lateral directions with a peak acceleration of 60 m/s 2 , flexion responses of the modified and original dummies were close (RoMs of 29.1° and 29.6°, respectively), though not in lateral bending (RoMs of 34.1° and 15.6°, respectively), where the modified dummy was more flexible than the original. By reconstructing a real frontal crash, it was found that the modified dummy provided a 10% reduction in the Head Injury Criterion (HIC). Other than the more realistic behavior of this modified dummy, its capability of approximating lumbar loads and risk of lumbar spine injuries in vehicle crashes or whole-body vibration is of great importance. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The repeatability and reproducibility of the BioRID IIg in a repeatable laboratory seat based on a production car seat.

PubMed

Hynd, David; Depinet, Paul; Lorenz, Bernd

2013-01-01

The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Informal Group on GTR No. 7 Phase 2 are working to define a build level for the BioRID II rear impact (whiplash) crash test dummy that ensures repeatable and reproducible performance in a test procedure that has been proposed for future legislation. This includes the specification of dummy hardware, as well as the development of comprehensive certification procedures for the dummy. This study evaluated whether the dummy build level and certification procedures deliver the desired level of repeatability and reproducibility. A custom-designed laboratory seat was made using the seat base, back, and head restraint from a production car seat to ensure a representative interface with the dummy. The seat back was reinforced for use in multiple tests and the recliner mechanism was replaced by an external spring-damper mechanism. A total of 65 tests were performed with 6 BioRID IIg dummies using the draft GTR No.7 sled pulse and seating procedure. All dummies were subject to the build, maintenance, and certification procedures defined by the Informal Group. The test condition was highly repeatable, with a very repeatable pulse, a well-controlled seat back response, and minimal observed degradation of seat foams. The results showed qualitatively reasonable repeatability and reproducibility for the upper torso and head accelerations, as well as for T1 Fx and upper neck Fx . However, reproducibility was not acceptable for T1 and upper neck Fz or for T1 and upper neck My . The Informal Group has not selected injury or seat assessment criteria for use with BioRID II, so it is not known whether these channels would be used in the regulation. However, the ramping-up behavior of the dummy showed poor reproducibility, which would be expected to affect the reproducibility of dummy measurements in general. Pelvis and spine characteristics were found to significantly influence the dummy measurements for which poor reproducibility was observed. It was also observed that the primary neck response in these tests was flexion, not extension. This correlates well with recent findings from Japan and the United States showing a correlation between neck flexion and injury in accident replication simulations and postmortem human subjects (PMHS) studies, respectively. The present certification tests may not adequately control front cervical spine bumper characteristics, which are important for neck flexion response. The certification sled test also does not include the pelvis and so cannot be used to control pelvis response and does not substantially load the lumbar bumpers and so does not control these parts of the dummy. The stiffness of all spine bumpers and of the pelvis flesh should be much more tightly controlled. It is recommended that a method for certifying the front cervical bumpers should be developed. Recommendations are also made for tighter tolerance on the input parameters for the existing certification tests.

Parameter screening: the use of a dummy parameter to identify non-influential parameters in a global sensitivity analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khorashadi Zadeh, Farkhondeh; Nossent, Jiri; van Griensven, Ann; Bauwens, Willy

2017-04-01

Parameter estimation is a major concern in hydrological modeling, which may limit the use of complex simulators with a large number of parameters. To support the selection of parameters to include in or exclude from the calibration process, Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) is widely applied in modeling practices. Based on the results of GSA, the influential and the non-influential parameters are identified (i.e. parameters screening). Nevertheless, the choice of the screening threshold below which parameters are considered non-influential is a critical issue, which has recently received more attention in GSA literature. In theory, the sensitivity index of a non-influential parameter has a value of zero. However, since numerical approximations, rather than analytical solutions, are utilized in GSA methods to calculate the sensitivity indices, small but non-zero indices may be obtained for the indices of non-influential parameters. In order to assess the threshold that identifies non-influential parameters in GSA methods, we propose to calculate the sensitivity index of a "dummy parameter". This dummy parameter has no influence on the model output, but will have a non-zero sensitivity index, representing the error due to the numerical approximation. Hence, the parameters whose indices are above the sensitivity index of the dummy parameter can be classified as influential, whereas the parameters whose indices are below this index are within the range of the numerical error and should be considered as non-influential. To demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed "dummy parameter approach", 26 parameters of a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model are selected to be analyzed and screened, using the variance-based Sobol' and moment-independent PAWN methods. The sensitivity index of the dummy parameter is calculated from sampled data, without changing the model equations. Moreover, the calculation does not even require additional model evaluations for the Sobol' method. A formal statistical test validates these parameter screening results. Based on the dummy parameter screening, 11 model parameters are identified as influential. Therefore, it can be denoted that the "dummy parameter approach" can facilitate the parameter screening process and provide guidance for GSA users to define a screening-threshold, with only limited additional resources. Key words: Parameter screening, Global sensitivity analysis, Dummy parameter, Variance-based method, Moment-independent method

New type of dummy layout pattern to control ILD etch rate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pohland, Oliver; Spieker, Julie; Huang, Chih-Ta; Govindaswamy, Srikanth; Balasinski, Artur

2007-12-01

Adding dummy features (waffles) to drawn geometries of the circuit layout is a common practice to improve its manufacturability. As an example, local dummy pattern improves MOSFET line and space CD control by adjusting short range optical proximity and reducing the aggressiveness of its correction features (OPC) to widen the lithography process window. Another application of dummy pattern (waffles) is to globally equalize layout pattern density, to reduce long-range inter-layer dielectric (ILD) thickness variations after the CMP process and improve contact resistance uniformity over the die area. In this work, we discuss a novel type of dummy pattern with a mid-range interaction distance, to control the ILD composition driven by its deposition and etch process. This composition is reflected on sidewall spacers and depends on the topography of the underlying poly pattern. During contact etch, it impacts the etch rate of the ILD. As a result, the deposited W filling the damascene etched self-aligned trench contacts in the ILD may electrically short to the underlying gates in the areas of isolated poly. To mitigate the dependence of the ILD composition on poly pattern distribution, we proposed a special dummy feature generation with the interaction range defined by the ILD deposition and etch process. This helped equalize mid-range poly pattern density without disabling the routing capability with damascene trench contacts in the periphery which would have increased the layout footprint.

Development of a shear force measurement dummy for seat comfort.

PubMed

Kim, Seong Guk; Ko, Chang-Yong; Kim, Dong Hyun; Song, Ye Eun; Kang, Tae Uk; Ahn, Sungwoo; Lim, Dohyung; Kim, Han Sung

2017-01-01

Seat comfort is one of the main factors that consumers consider when purchasing a car. In this study, we develop a dummy with a shear-force sensor to evaluate seat comfort. The sensor has dimensions of 25 mm × 25 mm × 26 mm and is made of S45C. Electroless nickel plating is employed to coat its surface in order to prevent corrosion and oxidation. The proposed sensor is validated using a qualified load cell and shows high accuracy and precision (measurement range: -30-30 N; sensitivity: 0.1 N; linear relationship: R = 0.999; transverse sensitivity: <1%). The dummy is manufactured in compliance with the SAE standards (SAE J826) and incorporates shear sensors into its design. We measure the shear force under four driving conditions and at five different speeds using a sedan; results showed that the shear force increases with speed under all driving conditions. In the case of acceleration and deceleration, shear force significantly changes in the lower body of the dummy. During right and left turns, it significantly changes in the upper body of the dummy.

Influence of standing or seated pelvis on dummy responses in rear impacts.

PubMed

Viano, David C; Parenteau, Chantal S; Burnett, Roger

2012-03-01

There is a question whether the standing or seated pelvis should be used in Hybrid III dummy evaluations of seats and belt restraint systems in severe rear impacts. This study compares the standing and seated Hybrid III pelvis in matched rear sled tests. Sixteen sled tests were found at 10, 16 and 24 km/h rear delta V in Ford's archives where matched tests were run with the standing and seated pelvis in a belted Hybrid III dummy. Two new tests were conducted at 40 km/h rear delta V to extend the severity range. The head, chest and pelvis were instrumented with triaxial accelerometers and the upper and lower neck, thoracic spine and lumbar spine had transducers measuring triaxial loads and moments. Belt Loads were measured. High-speed video recorded different views of the dummy motion. Dummy kinematics and biomechanical responses were compared for all of the data with the two different Hybrid III pelvic designs. In the 40 km/h sled tests, the dummy motion and excursion were essentially similar with the standing and seated pelvis. The similarities included the lap belt interaction with the pelvis and the leg movement upward flexing the hip joint. Overall, similar biomechanic and kinematic responses were found, including the pelvic acceleration, spinal forces and moments. For the lower speed tests at 10, 16 and 24 km/h, the motion sequence was also similar with the two different pelvises, including the upward movement of the legs as the seat was loaded and rebound kinematics. The biomechanical responses were similar. The seated pelvis involves only a small portion of the upper leg molded into the vinyl skin of the pelvis and does not limit leg rotation at the hip joint. Furthermore, lap belt loads were minimal during the rearward movement of the dummy. The matched testing showed no significant difference in occupant kinematics or biomechanical responses between the standing and seated pelvis in rear sled tests. The Hybrid III dummy with the seated pelvis is suitable for FMVSS 301 and other testing of seats and belt restraint systems in severe rear impacts. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

49 CFR 572.41 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th... set forth in the Side Impact Dummy (SID) User's Manual, dated May 1994 except for pages 7, 20 and 23...

49 CFR 572.41 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th... set forth in the Side Impact Dummy (SID) User's Manual, dated May 1994 except for pages 7, 20 and 23...

49 CFR 572.41 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th... set forth in the Side Impact Dummy (SID) User's Manual, dated May 1994 except for pages 7, 20 and 23...

49 CFR 572.41 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th... set forth in the Side Impact Dummy (SID) User's Manual, dated May 1994 except for pages 7, 20 and 23...

49 CFR 572.41 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th... set forth in the Side Impact Dummy (SID) User's Manual, dated May 1994 except for pages 7, 20 and 23...

Average male and female virtual dummy model (BioRID and EvaRID) simulations with two seat concepts in the Euro NCAP low severity rear impact test configuration.

PubMed

Linder, Astrid; Holmqvist, Kristian; Svensson, Mats Y

2018-05-01

Soft tissue neck injuries, also referred to as whiplash injuries, which can lead to long term suffering accounts for more than 60% of the cost of all injuries leading to permanent medical impairment for the insurance companies, with respect to injuries sustained in vehicle crashes. These injuries are sustained in all impact directions, however they are most common in rear impacts. Injury statistics have since the mid-1960s consistently shown that females are subject to a higher risk of sustaining this type of injury than males, on average twice the risk of injury. Furthermore, some recently developed anti-whiplash systems have revealed they provide less protection for females than males. The protection of both males and females should be addresses equally when designing and evaluating vehicle safety systems to ensure maximum safety for everyone. This is currently not the case. The norm for crash test dummies representing humans in crash test laboratories is an average male. The female part of the population is not represented in tests performed by consumer information organisations such as NCAP or in regulatory tests due to the absence of a physical dummy representing an average female. Recently, the world first virtual model of an average female crash test dummy was developed. In this study, simulations were run with both this model and an average male dummy model, seated in a simplified model of a vehicle seat. The results of the simulations were compared to earlier published results from simulations run in the same test set-up with a vehicle concepts seat. The three crash pulse severities of the Euro NCAP low severity rear impact test were applied. The motion of the neck, head and upper torso were analysed in addition to the accelerations and the Neck Injury Criterion (NIC). Furthermore, the response of the virtual models was compared to the response of volunteers as well as the average male model, to that of the response of a physical dummy model. Simulations with the virtual male and female dummy models revealed differences in dynamic response related to the crash severity, as well as between the two dummies in the two different seat models. For the comparison of the response of the virtual models to the response of the volunteers and the physical dummy model, the peak angular motion of the first thoracic vertebra as found in the volunteer tests and mimicked by the physical dummy were not of the same magnitude in the virtual models. The results of the study highlight the need for an extended test matrix that includes an average female dummy model to evaluate the level of occupant protection different seats provide in vehicle crashes. This would provide developers with an additional tool to ensure that both male and female occupants receive satisfactory protection and promote seat concepts that provide the best possible protection for the whole adult population. This study shows that using the mathematical models available today can provide insights suitable for future testing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Injury risk curves for the WorldSID 50th male dummy.

PubMed

Petitjean, Audrey; Trosseille, Xavier; Praxl, Norbert; Hynd, David; Irwin, Annette

2012-10-01

The development of the WorldSID 50th percentile male dummy was initiated in 1997 by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO/TC22/SC12/WG5) with the objective of developing a more biofidelic side impact dummy and supporting the adoption of a harmonised dummy into regulations. The dummy is currently under evaluation at the Working Party on Passive Safety (GRSP) in order to be included in the pole side impact global technical regulation (GTR). Injury risk curves dedicated to this dummy and built on behalf of ISO/TC22/SC12/WG6 were proposed in order to assess the occupant safety performance (Petitjean et al. 2009). At that time, there was no recommendation yet on the injury criteria and no consensus on the most accurate statistical method to be used. Since 2009, ISO/TC22/SC12/WG6 reached a consensus on the definition of guidelines to build injury risk curves, including the use of the survival analysis, the distribution assessment and quality checks. These guidelines were applied to the WorldSID 50th results published in 2009 in order to be able to provide a final set of injury risk curves recommended by ISO/TC22/SC12/WG6. The paper presents the different steps of the guidelines as well as the recommended injury risk curves dedicated to the WorldSID 50th for lateral shoulder load, thoracic rib deflection, abdomen rib deflection and pubic force.

Upper and Lower Neck Loads in Belted Human Surrogates in Frontal Impacts

PubMed Central

Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.; Moore, Jason; Rinaldi, James; Schlick, Michael; Maiman, Dennis J.

2012-01-01

The upper and lower neck loads in the restrained Hybrid III dummy and Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) were computed in simulated frontal impact sled tests at low, medium, and high velocities; repeatability performance of the two dummies were evaluated at all energy inputs; peak forces and moments were compared with computed loads at the occipital condyles and cervical-thoracic junctions from tests using post mortem human surrogates (PMHS). A custom sled buck was used to position the surrogates. Repeated tests were conducted at each velocity for each dummy and sufficient time was allowed to elapse between the two experiments. The upper and lower neck forces and moments were determined from load cell measures and its locations with respect to the ends of the neck. Both dummies showed good repeatability for axial and shear forces and bending moments at all changes in velocity inputs. Morphological characteristics in the neck loading responses were similar in all surrogates, although the peak magnitudes of the variables differed. In general, the THOR better mimicked the PMHS response than the Hybrid III dummy, and factors such as neck design and chest compliance were attributed to the observed variations. While both dummies were not designed for use at the two extremes of the tested velocities, results from the present study indicate that, currently the THOR may be the preferred anthropomorphic testing device in crashworthiness research studies and full-scale vehicle tests at all velocities. PMID:23169123

49 CFR 572.194 - Shoulder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., while the midsagittal plane of the dummy is in vertical orientation. (4) Push the dummy at the knees and... back until the back of the upper torso is in contact with the seat back. (5) While maintaining the...

Characterization of deformable materials in the THOR dummy

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

Methodologies used to characterize the mechanical behavior of various materials used in the construction of the crash test dummy called THOR (Test device for Human Occupant Restraint) are described. These materials include polyurethane, neoprene, and...

49 CFR 572.91 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... structural properties of the dummy are such that the dummy conforms to this part in every respect both before and after being used in dynamic tests specified in Standard No. 213 of this chapter (§ 571.213). ...

49 CFR 572.91 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... structural properties of the dummy are such that the dummy conforms to this part in every respect both before and after being used in dynamic tests specified in Standard No. 213 of this chapter (§ 571.213). ...

49 CFR 572.81 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... contacts that exist under static conditions. (c) The structural properties of the dummy are such that the dummy conforms to this part in every respect both before and after being used in dynamic tests such as...

The application of dummy noise adaptive Kalman filter in underwater navigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Song; Zhang, Chun-Hua; Luan, Jingde

2011-10-01

The track of underwater target is easy to be affected by the various by the various factors, which will cause poor performance in Kalman filter with the error in the state and measure model. In order to solve the situation, a method is provided with dummy noise compensative technology. Dummy noise is added to state and measure model artificially, and then the question can be solved by the adaptive Kalman filter with unknown time-changed statistical character. The simulation result of underwater navigation proves the algorithm is effective.

Deflections from two types of Human Surrogates in Oblique Side Impacts

PubMed Central

Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.

2008-01-01

The objective of the study was to obtain time-dependent thoracic and abdominal deflections of an anthropomorphic test device, the WorldSID dummy, in oblique impact using sled tests, and compare with post mortem human subject (PMHS) data. To simulate the oblique loading vector, the load wall was configured such that the thorax and abdominal plates were offset by twenty or thirty degrees. Deflections were obtained from a chestband placed at the middle thoracic level and five internal deflection transducers. Data were compared from the chestband and the transducer located at the same level of the thorax. In addition, data were compared with deflections from similar PMHS tests obtained using chestbands placed at the level of the axilla, xyphoid process, and tenth rib, representing the upper thorax, middle thorax, and abdominal region of the biological specimen. Peak deflections ranged from 30 to 85 mm in the dummy tests. Peak deflections ranged from 60 to 115 mm in PMHS. Under both obliquities, dummy deflection-time histories at the location along the chestband in close proximity to the internal deflection transducer demonstrated similar profiles. However, the peak deflection magnitudes from the chestband were approximately 20 mm greater than those from the internal transducer. Acknowledging that the chestband measures external deflections in contrast to the transducer which records internal ribcage deformations, peak deflections match from the two sensors. Deflection time histories were also similar between the dummy and PMHS in terms of morphology, although thoracic deflection magnitudes from the dummy matched more closely with PMHS than abdominal deflection magnitudes. The dummy deformed in such a way that peak deflections occurred along the lateral vector. This was in contrast to PMHS tests wherein maximum deflections occurred along the antero-lateral direction, suggesting differing deformation responses in the two models. In addition, peak deflections occurred earlier in the dummy than in PMHS. These preliminary results are valuable in future crashworthiness studies. PMID:19026246

Social interactions between live and artificial weakly electric fish: Electrocommunication and locomotor behavior of Mormyrus rume proboscirostris towards a mobile dummy fish

PubMed Central

Kirschbaum, Frank; von der Emde, Gerhard

2017-01-01

Mormyrid weakly electric fish produce short, pulse-type electric organ discharges for actively probing their environment and to communicate with conspecifics. Animals emit sequences of pulse-trains that vary in overall frequency and temporal patterning and can lead to time-locked interactions with the discharge activity of other individuals. Both active electrolocation and electrocommunication are additionally accompanied by stereotypical locomotor patterns. However, the concrete roles of electrical and locomotor patterns during social interactions in mormyrids are not well understood. Here we used a mobile fish dummy that was emitting different types of electrical playback sequences to study following behavior and interaction patterns (electrical and locomotor) between individuals of weakly electric fish. We confronted single individuals of Mormyrus rume proboscirostris with a mobile dummy fish designed to attract fish from a shelter and recruit them into an open area by emitting electrical playbacks of natural discharge sequences. We found that fish were reliably recruited by the mobile dummy if it emitted electrical signals and followed it largely independently of the presented playback patterns. While following the dummy, fish interacted with it spatially by displaying stereotypical motor patterns, as well as electrically, e.g. through discharge regularizations and by synchronizing their own discharge activity to the playback. However, the overall emission frequencies of the dummy were not adopted by the following fish. Instead, social signals based on different temporal patterns were emitted depending on the type of playback. In particular, double pulses were displayed in response to electrical signaling of the dummy and their expression was positively correlated with an animals' rank in the dominance hierarchy. Based on additional analysis of swimming trajectories and stereotypical locomotor behavior patterns, we conclude that the reception and emission of electrical communication signals play a crucial role in mediating social interactions in mormyrid weakly electric fish. PMID:28902915

No effect of bipolar interferential electrotherapy and pulsed ultrasound for soft tissue shoulder disorders: a randomised controlled trial

PubMed Central

van der Heijden, G. J M G; Leffers, P.; Wolters, P.; Verheijden, J.; van Mameren, H.; Houben, J.; Bouter, L.; Knipschild, P.

1999-01-01

OBJECTIVE—To assess the efficacy of bipolar interferential electrotherapy (ET) and pulsed ultrasound (US) as adjuvants to exercise therapy for soft tissue shoulder disorders (SD).
METHODS—Randomised placebo controlled trial with a two by two factorial design plus an additional control group in 17 primary care physiotherapy practices in the south of the Netherlands. Patients with shoulder pain and/or restricted shoulder mobility, because of a soft tissue impairment without underlying specific or generalised condition, were enrolled if they had not recovered after six sessions of exercise therapy in two weeks. They were randomised to receive (1) active ET plus active US; (2) active ET plus dummy US; (3) dummy ET plus active US; (4) dummy ET plus dummy US; or (5) no adjuvants. Additionally, they received a maximum of 12 sessions of exercise therapy in six weeks. Measurements at baseline, 6 weeks and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later were blinded for treatment. Outcome measures: recovery, functional status, chief complaint, pain, clinical status, and range of motion.
RESULTS—After written informed consent 180 patients were randomised: both the active treatments were given to 73 patients, both the dummy treatments to 72 patients, and 35 patients received no adjuvants. Prognosis of groups appeared similar at baseline. Blinding was successfully maintained. At six weeks seven patients (20%) without adjuvants reported very large improvement (including complete recovery), 17 (23%) and 16 (22%) with active and dummy ET, and 19 (26%) and 14 (19%) with active and dummy US. These proportions increased to about 40% at three months, but remained virtually stable thereafter. Up to 12 months follow up the 95% CI for differences between groups for all outcomes include zero.
CONCLUSION—Neither ET nor US prove to be effective as adjuvants to exercise therapy for soft tissue SD.

 PMID:10460185

49 CFR 572.131 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.131 General description. (a) The Hybrid III fifth percentile adult... Small Adult Female Crash Test Dummy (HIII-5F, Alpha Version) (June 2002) (refer to § 572.130(a)(1)(ix...

49 CFR 572.131 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.131 General description. (a) The Hybrid III fifth percentile adult... Small Adult Female Crash Test Dummy (HIII-5F, Alpha Version) (June 2002) (refer to § 572.130(a)(1)(ix...

49 CFR 572.131 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.131 General description. (a) The Hybrid III fifth percentile adult... Small Adult Female Crash Test Dummy (HIII-5F, Alpha Version) (June 2002) (refer to § 572.130(a)(1)(ix...

49 CFR 572.121 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Dummy, Beta Version § 572.121 General description. (a) The Hybrid III type 6-year-old dummy is defined... specifications package P/N 127-0000, the titles of which are listed in Table A; (2) Procedures for Assembly...

Quality assurance in MR image guided adaptive brachytherapy for cervical cancer: Final results of the EMBRACE study dummy run.

PubMed

Kirisits, Christian; Federico, Mario; Nkiwane, Karen; Fidarova, Elena; Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Ina; de Leeuw, Astrid; Lindegaard, Jacob; Pötter, Richard; Tanderup, Kari

2015-12-01

Upfront quality assurance (QA) is considered essential when starting a multicenter clinical trial in radiotherapy. Despite the long experience gained for external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) trials, there are only limited audit QA methods for brachytherapy (BT) and none include the specific aspects of image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT). EMBRACE is a prospective multicenter trial aiming to assess the impact of (MRI)-based IGABT in locally advanced cervical cancer. An EMBRACE dummy run was designed to identify sources and magnitude of uncertainties and errors considered important for the evaluation of clinical, and dosimetric parameters and their relation to outcome. Contouring, treatment planning and dose reporting was evaluated and scored with a categorical scale of 1-10. Active feedback to centers was provided to improve protocol compliance and reporting. A second dummy run was required in case of major deviations (score <7) for any item. Overall 27/30 centers passed the dummy run. 16 centers had to repeat the dummy run in order to clarify major inconsistencies to the protocol. The most pronounced variations were related to contouring for both EBRT and BT. Centers with experience in IGABT (>30 cases) had better performance as compared to centers with limited experience. The comprehensive dummy run designed for the EMBRACE trial has been a feasible tool for QA in IGABT of cervix cancer. It should be considered for future IGABT trials and could serve as the basis for continuous quality checks for brachytherapy centers. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Head Excursion of Restrained Human Volunteers and Hybrid III Dummies in Steady State Rollover Tests

PubMed Central

Moffatt, Edward; Hare, Barry; Hughes, Raymond; Lewis, Lance; Iiyama, Hiroshi; Curzon, Anne; Cooper, Eddie

2003-01-01

Seatbelts provide substantial benefits in rollover crashes, yet occupants still receive head and neck injuries from contacting the vehicle roof interior when the roof exterior strikes the ground. Prior research has evaluated rollover restraint performance utilizing anthropomorphic test devices (dummies), but little dynamic testing has been done with human volunteers to learn how they move during rollovers. In this study, the vertical excursion of the head of restrained dummies and human subjects was measured in a vehicle being rotated about its longitudinal roll axis at roll rates from 180-to-360 deg/sec and under static inversion conditions. The vehicle’s restraint design was the commonly used 3-point seatbelt with continuous loop webbing and a sliding latch plate. This paper presents an analysis of the observed occupant motion and provides a comparison of dummy and human motion under similar test conditions. Thirty-five tests (eighteen static and seventeen dynamic) were completed using two different sizes of dummies and human subjects in both near and far-side roll directions. The research indicates that far-side rollovers cause the restrained test subjects to have greater head excursion than near-side rollovers, and that static inversion testing underestimates head excursion for far-side occupants. Human vertical head excursion of up to 200 mm was found at a roll rate of 220 deg/sec. Humans exhibit greater variability in head excursion in comparison to dummies. Transfer of seatbelt webbing through the latch plate did not correlate directly with differences in head excursion. PMID:12941241

Techniques for Developing Child Dummy Protection Reference Values. Event Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-10-01

The purpose of this report is to present background information and techniques : for developing protection reference values (PRV) to use with child dummies in : out-of-position (OOP) child/air bag interaction testing. Biomechanics experts : agree tha...

Techniques for developing child dummy protection reference values : event report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-10-01

The purpose of this report is to present background information and techniques for developing protection reference values (PRV) to use with child dummies in out-of-position (OOP) child/air bag interaction testing. This report summarizes the literatur...

Potential technique for improving the survival of victims of tsunamis

PubMed Central

Suga, Hisami; Prochazka, Zdenek; Suzuki, Kojiro; Oguri, Kazumasa; Inoue, Tetsunori

2018-01-01

We investigated a method for surviving tsunamis that involved the use of personal flotation devices (PFDs). In our work, we succeeded in numerically demonstrating that the heads of all the dummies wearing PFDs remained on the surface and were not dragged underwater after the artificial tsunami wave hit them. In contrast, the heads of all the dummies not wearing PFDs were drawn underwater immediately; these dummies were subsequently entrapped in a vortex. The results of our series of experiments are important as a first step to preventing the tragedies caused by tsunamis. PMID:29791490

MULTIPLE SETS OF TWIN SLABS ON THE RUN OUT. THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

MULTIPLE SETS OF TWIN SLABS ON THE RUN OUT. THE RUN OUT INCLUDES THE TRAVELING TORCH WHICH CUTS SLABS TO DESIRED LENGTH, AN IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM TO INDICATE HEAT NUMBER AND TRACE IDENTITY OF EVERY SLAB, AND A DEBURRING DEVICE TO SMOOTH SLABS. AT LEFT OF ROLLS IS THE DUMMY BAR. DUMMY BAR IS INSERTED UP THROUGH CONTAINMENT SECTION INTO MOLD PRIOR TO START OF CAST. WHEN STEEL IS INTRODUCED INTO MOLD IT CONNECTS WITH BAR AS CAST BEGINS, AT RUN OUT DUMMY BAR DISCONNECTS AND IS STORED. - U.S. Steel, Fairfield Works, Continuous Caster, Fairfield, Jefferson County, AL

MULTIPLE SETS OF TWIN SLABS ON THE RUN OUT. THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

MULTIPLE SETS OF TWIN SLABS ON THE RUN OUT. THE RUN OUT INCLUDES THE TRAVELING TORCH WHICH CUTS SLABS TO DESIRED LENGTH, AN IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM TO INDICATE HEAT NUMBER AND TRACE IDENTITY OF EVERY SLAB, AND A DEBURRING DEVICE TO SMOOTH SLABS. AT LEFT OF ROLLS IS THE DUMMY BAR. DUMMY BAR IS INSERTED UP THROUGH CONTAINMENT SECTION INTO MOLD PRIOR TO START OF CAST. WHEN STEEL IS INTRODUCED INTO MOLD IT CONNECTS WITH BAR AS CAST BEGINS, AT RUN OUT DUMMY BAR DISCONNECTS AND IS STORED - U.S. Steel, Fairfield Works, Continuous Caster, Fairfield, Jefferson County, AL

Comparison of car seats in low speed rear-end impacts using the BioRID dummy and the new neck injury criterion (NIC).

PubMed

Boström, O; Fredriksson, R; Håland, Y; Jakobsson, L; Krafft, M; Lövsund, P; Muser, M H; Svensson, M Y

2000-03-01

Long-term whiplash associated disorders (WAD) 1-3 sustained in low velocity rear-end impacts is the most common disability injury in Sweden. Therefore, to determine neck injury mechanisms and develop methods to measure neck-injury related parameters are of importance for current crash-safety research. A new neck injury criterion (NIC) has previously been proposed and evaluated by means of dummy, human and mathematical rear-impact simulations. So far, the criterion appears to be sensitive to the major car and collision related risk factors for injuries with long-term consequences. To further evaluate the applicability of NIC, four seats were tested according to a recently proposed sled-test procedure. 'Good' as well as 'bad' seats were chosen on the basis of a recently presented disability risk ranking list. The dummy used in the current tests was the Biofidelic Rear Impact Dummy (BioRID). The results of this study showed that NICmax values were generally related to the real-world risk of long-term WAD 1-3. Furthermore, these results suggested that NICmax calculated from sled tests using the BioRID dummy can be used for evaluating the neck injury risk of different car seats.

Benefits of a Low Severity Frontal Crash Test

PubMed Central

Digges, Kennerly; Dalmotas, Dainius

2007-01-01

The US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard for frontal protection requires vehicle crash tests into a rigid barrier with two belted dummies in the front seats. The standard was recently modified to require two separate 56 Kph frontal tests. In one test the dummies are 50% males. In the other test, the dummies are 5% females. Analysis of crash test data indicates that the 56 Kph test does not encourage technology to reduce chest injuries in lower severity crashes. Tests conducted by Transport Canada provide data from belted 5% female dummies in the front seats of vehicles that were subjected crashes into a rigid barrier at 40 Kph. An analysis of the results showed that for many vehicles, the risks of serious chest injuries were higher in the 40 Kph test than in a 56 Kph test. This paper examines the benefits that would result from a requirement for a low severity (40 Kph) frontal barrier crash test with two belted 5% female dummies and more stringent chest injury requirements. A preliminary benefits analysis for chest deflection allowable in the range of 28 mm. to 36 mm. was conducted. A standard that limits the chest deflection to 34 mm. would reduce serious chest injury by 16% to 24% for the belted population in frontal crashes. PMID:18184499

Benefits of a low severity frontal crash test.

PubMed

Digges, Kennerly; Dalmotas, Dainius

2007-01-01

The US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard for frontal protection requires vehicle crash tests into a rigid barrier with two belted dummies in the front seats. The standard was recently modified to require two separate 56 Kph frontal tests. In one test the dummies are 50% males. In the other test, the dummies are 5% females. Analysis of crash test data indicates that the 56 Kph test does not encourage technology to reduce chest injuries in lower severity crashes. Tests conducted by Transport Canada provide data from belted 5% female dummies in the front seats of vehicles that were subjected crashes into a rigid barrier at 40 Kph. An analysis of the results showed that for many vehicles, the risks of serious chest injuries were higher in the 40 Kph test than in a 56 Kph test. This paper examines the benefits that would result from a requirement for a low severity (40 Kph) frontal barrier crash test with two belted 5% female dummies and more stringent chest injury requirements. A preliminary benefits analysis for chest deflection allowable in the range of 28 mm. to 36 mm. was conducted. A standard that limits the chest deflection to 34 mm. would reduce serious chest injury by 16% to 24% for the belted population in frontal crashes.

Refined Dummy Atom Model of Mg(2+) by Simple Parameter Screening Strategy with Revised Experimental Solvation Free Energy.

PubMed

Jiang, Yang; Zhang, Haiyang; Feng, Wei; Tan, Tianwei

2015-12-28

Metal ions play an important role in the catalysis of metalloenzymes. To investigate metalloenzymes via molecular modeling, a set of accurate force field parameters for metal ions is highly imperative. To extend its application range and improve the performance, the dummy atom model of metal ions was refined through a simple parameter screening strategy using the Mg(2+) ion as an example. Using the AMBER ff03 force field with the TIP3P model, the refined model accurately reproduced the experimental geometric and thermodynamic properties of Mg(2+). Compared with point charge models and previous dummy atom models, the refined dummy atom model yields an enhanced performance for producing reliable ATP/GTP-Mg(2+)-protein conformations in three metalloenzyme systems with single or double metal centers. Similar to other unbounded models, the refined model failed to reproduce the Mg-Mg distance and favored a monodentate binding of carboxylate groups, and these drawbacks needed to be considered with care. The outperformance of the refined model is mainly attributed to the use of a revised (more accurate) experimental solvation free energy and a suitable free energy correction protocol. This work provides a parameter screening strategy that can be readily applied to refine the dummy atom models for metal ions.

Coupling of a finite element human head model with a lumped parameter Hybrid III dummy model: preliminary results.

PubMed

Ruan, J S; Prasad, P

1995-08-01

A skull-brain finite element model of the human head has been coupled with a multilink rigid body model of the Hybrid III dummy. The experimental coupled model is intended to represent anatomically a 50th percentile human to the extent the dummy and the skull-brain model represent a human. It has been verified by simulating several human cadaver head impact tests as well as dummy head 'impacts" during barrier crashes in an automotive environment. Skull-isostress and brain-isostrain response curves were established based on model calibration of experimental human cadaver tolerance data. The skull-isostress response curve agrees with the JARI Human Head Impact Tolerance Curve for skull fracture. The brain-isostrain response curve predicts a higher G level for concussion than does the JARI concussion curve and the Wayne State Tolerance Curve at the longer time duration range. Barrier crash simulations consist of belted dummies impacting an airbag, a hard and soft steering wheel hub, and no head contact with vehicle interior components. Head impact force, intracranial pressures and strains, skull stress, and head center-of-gravity acceleration were investigated as injury parameters. Head injury criterion (HIC) was also calculated along with these parameters. Preliminary results of the model simulations in those impact conditions are discussed.

15. VIEW OF DUMMY FUEL ELEMENT ON FUEL ELEMENT HOLDER. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. VIEW OF DUMMY FUEL ELEMENT ON FUEL ELEMENT HOLDER. SHOWS AIR FORCE MAN AT EDGE OF TANK. INEL PHOTO NUMBER 65-6176, TAKEN NOVEMBER 10, 1965. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Advanced Reentry Vehicle Fusing System, Scoville, Butte County, ID

49 CFR 572.31 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., titled “Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing”, dated 1994-12. (6) Exterior dimensions of the Hybrid... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III Test Dummy § 572.31 General description. (a) The Hybrid III 50th percentile size dummy consists of components and...

49 CFR 572.141 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 3-year-Old Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.141 General description. (a) The Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy is described by the following materials: (1) Technical drawings and specifications package 210-0000 (refer to...

EFFECTS OF OVERPRESSURES IN GROUP SHELTERS ON ANIMALS AND DUMMIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roberts, J.E.; White, C.S.; Chiffelle, T.L.

1953-09-01

S>Relative biological hazards of blast were studied in two types of communal air-raid shelters during Shots 1 and 8. Dogs, restrained within the shelters during detonation, were studied pathologically and clinically for blast injuries. Two anthropometric dummies were test objects for displacement studies utilizing high-speed photography. Physical data included pressure vs time and air-drag determinations. During Shot 1, animals sustained marked blast damages (hemorrhages in lungs and abdominal organs), three dogs were ataxic. and the dummies were rather violently displaced. In Shot 8, however, no significant injuries were found in the animals, and the dummies were minimally displaced. Analysis ofmore » the physical data indicated that blast injuries and violent displacements may occur at much lower static overpressures than previously assumed from conventional explosion data. Furthermore, biological damage appeared to be related to the rate of rise of the overpressure and air drag, as well as the maximum overpressure values. (auth)« less

Magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted polymers based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for rapid selective solid-phase extraction of 4-nonylphenol in aqueous samples.

PubMed

Rao, Wei; Cai, Rong; Yin, Yuli; Long, Fang; Zhang, Zhaohui

2014-10-01

In this paper, a highly selective sample clean-up procedure combining magnetic dummy molecular imprinting with solid-phase extraction was developed for rapid separation and determination of 4-nonylphenol (NP) in the environmental water samples. The magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (mag-DMIPs) based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized with a surface molecular imprinting technique using 4-tert-octylphenol as the dummy template and tetraethylorthosilicate as the cross-linker. The maximum adsorption capacity of the mag-DMIPs for NP was 52.4 mg g(-1) and it took about 20 min to achieve the adsorption equilibrium. The mag-DMIPs exhibited the specific selective adsorption toward NP. Coupled with high performance liquid chromatography analysis, the mag-DMIPs were used to extract solid-phase and detect NP in real water samples successfully with the recoveries of 88.6-98.1%. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Transformer current sensor for superconducting magnetic coils

DOEpatents

Shen, S.S.; Wilson, C.T.

1985-04-16

The present invention is a current transformer for operating currents larger than 2kA (two kiloamps) that is capable of detecting a millivolt level resistive voltage in the presence of a large inductive voltage. Specifically, the present invention includes substantially cylindrical primary turns arranged to carry a primary current and substantially cylindrical secondary turns arranged coaxially with and only partially within the primary turns, the secondary turns including an active winding and a dummy winding, the active and dummy windings being coaxial, longitudinally separated and arranged to mutually cancel voltages excited by commonly experienced magnetic fields, the active winding but not the dummy winding being arranged within the primary turns.

Summary of new test dummies, injury criteria

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-06-17

Besides a plethora of new tests, the air bag standard issued recently calls for four new test dummies in addition to the average size adult male already used in testing: small adult female; 6 year old child; 3 year old child; and 1 year old infant. I...

Using Time-Series Regression to Predict Academic Library Circulations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brooks, Terrence A.

1984-01-01

Four methods were used to forecast monthly circulation totals in 15 midwestern academic libraries: dummy time-series regression, lagged time-series regression, simple average (straight-line forecasting), monthly average (naive forecasting). In tests of forecasting accuracy, dummy regression method and monthly mean method exhibited smallest average…

Study of the two-phase dummy load shut-down strategy for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Q.; Lin, R.; Cui, X.; Xia, S. X.; Yang, Z.; Chang, Y. T.

2017-02-01

This paper presents a new system strategy designed to alleviate the performance decay caused by start-up/shut-down (SU/SD) conditions in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The innovative method was tested using a two-phase dummy load composed of a linearly declined main load and a fixed small auxiliary load. The initial value of the main load must be controlled within a proper range, and a closed-ended air exhaust is necessary. According to the analysis of in-situ current density distribution during SD processes, the two-phase dummy load can continuously fit the process of oxygen reduction in the cathode, whereas the conventional dummy load leads to local air starvation. Polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to evaluate the performance decay during SU/SD repetition. After tests of 900 cycles, the highest voltage degradation rate of the PEMFC was 3.33 μV cycle-1 (800 mA cm-2), and the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) loss was 0.0046 m2 g-1 cycle-1 with the two-phase dummy load strategy. After comparing results with similar work on a single PEMFC, the authors confirmed the preeminent effectiveness of this strategy. This strategy will also improve fuel cell stack performance due to controllable SD duration and comparatively low performance decay rates.

Leadership for Dummies: A Capstone Project for Leadership Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Lori L.; Odom, Summer F.; Wied, Lexi M.

2011-01-01

Capstone courses in leadership provide students opportunities to synthesize prior knowledge about various aspects of leadership. This article describes the "Leadership for Dummies" project, which could be used as a capstone experience for leadership majors. Based on his experiences as a psychological researcher, Gardner (2008) identified five…

Regression Analysis with Dummy Variables: Use and Interpretation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinkle, Dennis E.; Oliver, J. Dale

1986-01-01

Multiple regression analysis (MRA) may be used when both continuous and categorical variables are included as independent research variables. The use of MRA with categorical variables involves dummy coding, that is, assigning zeros and ones to levels of categorical variables. Caution is urged in results interpretation. (Author/CH)

49 CFR 572.181 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 2re Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.181 General description. (a) The ES-2re Side Impact Crash Test... (PADI) of the ES-2re Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, February 2008, incorporated by reference, see § 572...

49 CFR 572.181 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES ES-2re Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.181 General description. (a) The ES-2re Side Impact Crash... (PADI) of the ES-2re Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, February 2008, incorporated by reference, see § 572...

49 CFR 572.191 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES SID-IIsD Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.191 General description. (a) The SID-IIsD Side Impact Crash Test... test sensors for the SID-IIsD Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, 5th percentile adult female, is shown in...

49 CFR 572.181 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES ES-2re Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.181 General description. (a) The ES-2re Side Impact Crash... (PADI) of the ES-2re Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, February 2008, incorporated by reference, see § 572...

49 CFR 572.191 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES SID-IIsD Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.191 General description. (a) The SID-IIsD Side Impact Crash Test... test sensors for the SID-IIsD Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, 5th percentile adult female, is shown in...

49 CFR 572.120 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Child Test Dummy, Beta Version § 572.120 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials are... List and Drawings, Hybrid III Six-year-old Child Test Dummy (H-III6C, Beta Version) (June 2002... (vii) The Hybrid III Six-year-old Child Parts/Drawing List. (2) A procedures manual entitled...

Segmented Polynomial Models in Quasi-Experimental Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wasik, John L.

1981-01-01

The use of segmented polynomial models is explained. Examples of design matrices of dummy variables are given for the least squares analyses of time series and discontinuity quasi-experimental research designs. Linear combinations of dummy variable vectors appear to provide tests of effects in the two quasi-experimental designs. (Author/BW)

The Japanese Copula: A Dummy?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wenck, G.

1973-01-01

Discussion of whether the Japanese copula can adequately be described as a dummy, i.e., as an element which although existing in the surface structure can be dispensed with in the deep structure of a sentence; based on a paper read at the 1970 meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea, Prague, Czechoslovakia. (RS)

16 CFR 1216.2 - Requirements for infant walkers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... coefficient of friction = 0.05 NCAMI = Normal force (for CAMI dummy scenario) = weight of CAMI dummy and... occupant seating area and arms placed on the walker tray. (ii) [Reserved] (8) Instead of complying with... horizontally (0 ± 0.5° with respect to the table surface). (ii) [Reserved] (9) Instead of complying with...

49 CFR 572.197 - Abdomen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... vertical orientation. (4) Push the dummy at the knees and at mid-sternum of the upper torso with just sufficient horizontally oriented force towards the seat back until the back of the upper torso is in contact with the seat back. (5) While maintaining the dummy's position as specified in paragraph (b)(3) and (4...

49 CFR 572.196 - Thorax without arm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... orientation. (4) Push the dummy at the knees and at mid-sternum of the upper torso with just sufficient horizontally oriented force towards the seat back until the back of the upper torso is in contact with the seat back. (5) While maintaining the dummy's position as specified in paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this...

49 CFR 572.186 - Abdomen assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Abdomen assembly. 572.186 Section 572.186... Test Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.186 Abdomen assembly. (a) The abdomen assembly (175-5000) is part of the dummy assembly shown in drawing 175-0000 including load sensors specified in § 572.189...

49 CFR 572.186 - Abdomen assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Abdomen assembly. 572.186 Section 572.186... Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.186 Abdomen assembly. (a) The abdomen assembly (175-5000) is part of the dummy assembly shown in drawing 175-0000 including load sensors specified in § 572.189(e...

49 CFR 572.186 - Abdomen assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Abdomen assembly. 572.186 Section 572.186... Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.186 Abdomen assembly. (a) The abdomen assembly (175-5000) is part of the dummy assembly shown in drawing 175-0000 including load sensors specified in § 572.189(e...

49 CFR 571.213 - Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the initial pre-test position of the respective knee pivot point, measured along a horizontal line... test dummy, specified in S7, when a child restraint system is tested in accordance with S6.1. Factory... body of a seated anthropomorphic test dummy, excluding the thighs, that lies between the top of the...

49 CFR 571.213 - Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the initial pre-test position of the respective knee pivot point, measured along a horizontal line... test dummy, specified in S7, when a child restraint system is tested in accordance with S6.1. Factory... body of a seated anthropomorphic test dummy, excluding the thighs, that lies between the top of the...

49 CFR 571.213 - Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the initial pre-test position of the respective knee pivot point, measured along a horizontal line... the head or torso of the appropriate test dummy, specified in S7, when a child restraint system is... (§ 571.225). Torso means the portion of the body of a seated anthropomorphic test dummy, excluding the...

49 CFR 572.196 - Thorax without arm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Thorax without arm. 572.196 Section 572.196... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.196 Thorax without arm. (a) The thorax is part of the upper torso... (drawing 180-0000) with the arm (180-6000) on the impacted side removed. The dummy's thorax is equipped...

49 CFR 572.196 - Thorax without arm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Thorax without arm. 572.196 Section 572.196... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.196 Thorax without arm. (a) The thorax is part of the upper torso... (drawing 180-0000) with the arm (180-6000) on the impacted side removed. The dummy's thorax is equipped...

49 CFR 572.196 - Thorax without arm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Thorax without arm. 572.196 Section 572.196... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.196 Thorax without arm. (a) The thorax is part of the upper torso... (drawing 180-0000) with the arm (180-6000) on the impacted side removed. The dummy's thorax is equipped...

49 CFR 572.196 - Thorax without arm.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Thorax without arm. 572.196 Section 572.196... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.196 Thorax without arm. (a) The thorax is part of the upper torso... (drawing 180-0000) with the arm (180-6000) on the impacted side removed. The dummy's thorax is equipped...

49 CFR 572.150 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...-Month-Old Infant, Alpha Version § 572.150 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials are... Drawings, Subpart R, CRABI 12-Month-Old Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” and... Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” incorporated by reference in § 572.155; (3...

49 CFR 572.150 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...-Month-Old Infant, Alpha Version § 572.150 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials are... Drawings, Subpart R, CRABI 12-Month-Old Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” and... Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” incorporated by reference in § 572.155; (3...

49 CFR 572.150 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...-Month-Old Infant, Alpha Version § 572.150 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials are... Drawings, Subpart R, CRABI 12-Month-Old Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” and... Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” incorporated by reference in § 572.155; (3...

49 CFR 572.151 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... specifications package 921022-000 (refer to § 572.150(a)(1)), the titles of which are listed in Table A of this...)). (b) The dummy consists of the component assemblies set out in the following Table A: Table A... dummy are joined in a manner such that, except for contacts existing under static conditions, there is...

49 CFR 572.43 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... vertical plane which is tangent to the back of the dummy's buttocks. (3) Align the test probe so that at... vertical planes perpendicular to the midsagittal plane passing through the designated impact point. (4) Adjust the dummy so that its midsagittal plane is vertical and the rear surfaces of the thorax and...

Barbell-shaped stir bar sorptive extraction using dummy template molecularly imprinted polymer coatings for analysis of bisphenol A in water.

PubMed

Liu, Ruimei; Feng, Feng; Chen, Guolin; Liu, Zhimin; Xu, Zhigang

2016-07-01

This study reports the development of a novel dummy template molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated barbell-shaped stir bar. The MIP stir bar coatings were prepared by using 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane (BPB), 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (BPF), 4-tert-butylphenol (PTBP), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBA) as dummy templates using a capillary in situ polymerization method. Uniform coatings can be prepared controllably. The method is simple, easy, and reproducible. The barbell-shaped stir bar was developed by using medical silicone tubes as wheels. The wheels could be removed and reinstalled when necessary; therefore, the barbell-shaped stir bar was easy to disassemble and reassemble. The novel MIP-coated stir bar showed good selectivity for the target analyte, bisphenol A (BPA). The established method is selective and sensitive with a lower detection limit for BPA of 0.003 μg/L. The dummy template MIP-coated stir bar is suitable for trace BPA analysis in real environmental water samples without template leakage. The novel stir bar can be used at least 100 times.

The Influences of Arm Resist Motion on a CAR Crash Test Using Hybrid III Dummy with Human-Like Arm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Yongchul; Youm, Youngil; Bae, Hanil; Choi, Hyeonki

Safety of the occupant during the crash is very essential design element. Many researches have been investigated in reducing the fatal injury of occupant. They are focusing on the development of a dummy in order to obtain the real human-like motion. However, they have not considered the arm resist motion during the car accident. In this study, we would like to suggest the importance of the reactive force of the arm in a car crash. The influences of reactive force acting on the human upper extremity were investigated using the impedance experimental method with lumped mass model of hand system and a Hybrid III dummy with human-like arm. Impedance parameters (e.g. inertia, spring constant and damping coefficient) of the elbow joint in maximum activation level were measured by free oscillation test using single axis robot. The results showed that without seat belt, the reactive force of human arm reduced the head, chest, and femur injury, and the flexion moment of the neck is higher than that of the conventional dummy.

Measurement of Spindle Rigidity by using a Magnet Loader

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamazaki, Taku; Matsubara, Atsushi; Fujita, Tomoya; Muraki, Toshiyuki; Asano, Kohei; Kawashima, Kazuyuki

The static rigidity of a rotating spindle in the radial direction is investigated in this research. A magnetic loading device (magnet loader) has been developed for the measurement. The magnet loader, which has coils and iron cores, generates the electromagnetic force and attracts a dummy tool attached to the spindle. However, the eddy current is generated in the dummy tool with the spindle rotation and reduces the attractive force at high spindle speed. In order to understand the magnetic flux and eddy current in the dummy tool, the electromagnetic field analysis by FEM was carried out. Grooves on the attraction surface of the dummy tool were designed to cut the eddy current flow. The dimension of the groove were decided based on the FEM analysis, and the designed tool were manufactured and tested. The test result shows that the designed tool successfully reduces the eddy current and recovers the attractive force. By using the magnet loader and the grooved tool, the spindle rigidity can be measured when the spindle rotates with a speed up to 10,000 min-1.

Biomechanical analysis of occupant kinematics in rollover motor vehicle accidents: dynamic spit test.

PubMed

Sances, Anthony; Kumaresan, Srirangam; Clarke, Richard; Herbst, Brian; Meyer, Steve

2005-01-01

A better understanding of occupant kinematics in rollover accidents helps to advance biomechanical knowledge and to enhance the safety features of motor vehicles. While many rollover accident simulation studies have adopted the static approach to delineate the occupant kinematics in rollover accidents, very few studies have attempted the dynamic approach. The present work was designed to study the biomechanics of restrained occupants during rollover accidents using the steady-state dynamic spit test and to address the importance of keeping the lap belt fastened. Experimental tests were conducted using an anthropometric 50% Hybrid III dummy in a vehicle. The vehicle was rotated at 180 degrees/second and the dummy was restrained using a standard three-point restraint system. The lap belt of the dummy was fastened either by using the cinching latch plate or by locking the retractor. Three configurations of shoulder belt harness were simulated: shoulder belt loose on chest with cinch plate, shoulder belt under the left arm and shoulder belt behind the chest. In all tests, the dummy stayed within the confinement of the vehicle indicating that the securely fastened lap belt holds the dummy with dynamic movement of 3 1/2" to 4". The results show that occupant movement in rollover accidents is least affected by various shoulder harness positions with a securely fastened lap belt. The present study forms a first step in delineating the biomechanics of occupants in rollover accidents.

Modal analysis of the human neck in vivo as a criterion for crash test dummy evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willinger, R.; Bourdet, N.; Fischer, R.; Le Gall, F.

2005-10-01

Low speed rear impact remains an acute automative safety problem because of a lack of knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of the human neck early after impact. Poorly validated mathematical models of the human neck or crash test dummy necks make it difficult to optimize automotive seats and head rests. In this study we have constructed an experimental and theoretical modal analysis of the human head-neck system in the sagittal plane. The method has allowed us to identify the mechanical properties of the neck and to validate a mathematical model in the frequency domain. The extracted modal characteristics consist of a first natural frequency at 1.3±0.1 Hz associated with head flexion-extension motion and a second mode at 8±0.7 Hz associated with antero-posterior translation of the head, also called retraction motion. Based on this new validation parameters we have been able to compare the human and crash test dummy frequency response functions and to evaluate their biofidelity. Three head-neck systems of current test dummies dedicated for use in rear-end car crash accident investigations have been evaluated in the frequency domain. We did not consider any to be acceptable, either because of excessive rigidity of their flexion-extension mode or because they poorly reproduce the head translation mode. In addition to dummy evaluation, this study provides new insight into injury mechanisms when a given natural frequency can be linked to a specific neck deformation.

Small female head and neck interaction with a deploying side airbag.

PubMed

Duma, Stefan M; Crandall, Jeff R; Rudd, Rodney W; Kent, Richard W

2003-09-01

This paper presents dummy and cadaver experiments designed to investigate the injury potential of an out-of-position small female head and neck from a deploying side airbag. Seat-mounted, thoracic-type, side airbags were selected for this study to represent those currently available on selected luxury automobiles. A computer simulation program was used to identify the worst case loading position for the small female head and neck. Once the initial position was identified, experiments were performed with the Hybrid III 5th percentile dummy and three small female cadavers, using three different inflators. Peak head center of gravity (CG) accelerations for the dummy ranged from 71x g to 154 x g, and were greater than cadaver values, which ranged from 68 x g to 103 x g. Peak neck tension as measured at the upper load cell of the dummy increased with inflator aggressivity from 992 to 1670N. A conservative modification of the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) N(ij) proposed neck injury criteria, which combines neck tension and bending, was used. All values were well below the 1.0 injury threshold for the dummy and suggested a very low possibility of neck injury. In agreement with this prediction, no injuries were observed. Even in a worst case position, small females are at low risk of head or neck injuries under loading from these thoracic-type airbags; however, injury risk increases with increasing inflator aggressivity.

Physical properties of the human head: mass, center of gravity and moment of inertia.

PubMed

Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A; Zhang, Jiangyue; Baisden, Jamie L

2009-06-19

This paper presents a synthesis of biomedical investigations of the human head with specific reference to certain aspects of physical properties and development of anthropometry data, leading to the advancement of dummies used in crashworthiness research. As a significant majority of the studies have been summarized as reports, an effort has been made to chronologically review the literature with the above objectives. The first part is devoted to early studies wherein the mass, center of gravity (CG), and moment of inertia (MOI) properties are obtained from human cadaver experiments. Unembalmed and preserved whole-body and isolated head and head-neck experiments are discussed. Acknowledging that the current version of the Hybrid III dummy is the most widely used anthropomorphic test device in motor vehicle crashworthiness research for frontal impact applications for over 30 years, bases for the mass and MOI-related data used in the dummy are discussed. Since the development and federalization of the dummy in the United States, description of methods used to arrive at these properties form a part of the manuscript. Studies subsequent to the development of this dummy including those from the US Military are also discussed. As the head and neck are coupled in any impact, and increasing improvements in technology such as advanced airbags, and pre-tensioners and load limiters in manual seatbelts affect the kinetics of the head-neck complex, the manuscript underscores the need to pursue studies to precisely determine all the physical properties of the head. Because the most critical parameters (locations of CG and occipital condyles (OC), mass, and MOI) have not been determined on a specimen-by-specimen basis in any single study, it is important to gather these data in future experiments. These critical data will be of value for improving occupant safety, designing advanced restraint systems, developing second generation dummies, and assessing the injury mitigating characteristics of modern vehicle components in all impact modalities.

Optimizing the passenger air bag of an adaptive restraint system for multiple size occupants.

PubMed

Bai, Zhonghao; Jiang, Binhui; Zhu, Feng; Cao, Libo

2014-01-01

The development of the adaptive occupant restraint system (AORS) has led to an innovative way to optimize such systems for multiple size occupants. An AORS consists of multiple units such as adaptive air bags, seat belts, etc. During a collision, as a supplemental protective device, air bags can provide constraint force and play a role in dissipating the crash energy of the occupants' head and thorax. This article presents an investigation into an adaptive passenger air bag (PAB). The purpose of this study is to develop a base shape of a PAB for different size occupants using an optimization method. Four typical base shapes of a PAB were designed based on geometric data on the passenger side. Then 4 PAB finite element (FE) models and a validated sled with different size dummy models were developed in MADYMO (TNO, Rijswijk, The Netherlands) to conduct the optimization to obtain the best baseline PAB that would be used in the AORS. The objective functions-that is, the minimum total probability of injuries (∑Pcomb) of the 5th percentile female and 50th and 95th percentile male dummies-were adopted to evaluate the optimal configurations. The injury probability (Pcomb) for each dummy was adopted from the U.S. New Car Assessment Program (US-NCAP). The parameters of the AORS were first optimized for different types of PAB base shapes in a frontal impact. Then, contact time duration and force between the PAB and dummy head/chest were optimized by adjusting the parameters of the PAB, such as the number and position of tethers, lower the Pcomb of the 95th percentile male dummy. According to the optimization results, 4 typical PABs could provide effective protection to 5th and 50th percentile dummies. However, due to the heavy and large torsos of the 95th percentile occupants, the current occupant restraint system does not demonstrate satisfactory protective function, particularly for the thorax.

The efficacy and safety of Baoji Tablets for treating common cold with summer-heat and dampness syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Despite the high incidence and the economic impact of the common cold, there are still no effective therapeutic options available. Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in China to treat the common cold, there is still a lack of high-quality clinical trials. This article sets forth the protocol for a high-quality trial of a new TCM drug, Baoji Tablets, which is designed to treat the common cold with summer-heat and dampness syndrome (CCSDS). The trial is evaluating both the efficacy and safety of Baoji Tablets. Methods/design This study is designed as a multicenter, phase II, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. A total of 288 patients will be recruited from four centers. The new tablets group are administered Baoji Tablets 0.9 g and dummy Baoji Pills 3.7 g. The old pills group are administered dummy Baoji Tablets 0.9 g and Baoji Pills 3.7 g. The placebo control group are administered dummy Baoji Tablets 0.9 g and dummy Baoji Pills 3.7 g. All drugs are taken three times daily for 3 days. The primary outcome is the duration of all symptoms. Secondary outcomes include the duration of primary and secondary symptoms, changes in primary and secondary symptom scores and cumulative symptom score at day 4, as well as an evaluation of treatment efficacy. Discussion This is the first multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized and placebo-controlled trial designated to treat CCSDS in an adult population from China. It will establish the basis for a scientific and objective assessment of the efficacy and safety of Baoji Tablets for treating CCSDS, and provide evidence for a phase III clinical trial. Trial registration This study is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The registration number is ChiCTR-TRC-13003197. PMID:24359521

The RID2 biofidelic rear impact dummy: a pilot study using human subjects in low speed rear impact full scale crash tests.

PubMed

Croft, Arthur C; Philippens, Mathieu M G M

2007-03-01

Human subjects and the recently developed RID2 rear impact crash test dummy were exposed to a series of full scale, vehicle-to-vehicle crash tests. To evaluate the biofidelity of the RID2 anthropometric test dummy on the basis of calculated neck injury criterion (NIC) values by comparing these values to those obtained from human subjects exposed in the very same crashes. The widely used and familiar hybrid III dummy has been said to lack biofidelity in the special application of low speed rear impact crashes. Several attempts have been made to modify this dummy with only marginal success. Two completely new dummies have been developed; the BioRID and the RID2. Neither have been tested under real world crash boundary conditions in side-by-side comparisons with live human subjects. Volunteer subjects, including a 50th percentile male, a 95th percentile male, and a 50th percentile female, were placed in the driver's seat of a vehicle and subjected to a series of three low speed rear impact crashes each. The RID2 dummy, which is modeled after a 50th percentile male, was placed in the passenger seat in each case. Both subjects and dummy were fully instrumented and acceleration-time histories were recorded. From this data, velocities of the heads and torsos were determined and both were used to calculate the NIC values for both crash test subjects and the RID2. The RID2 demonstrated generally higher head accelerations and NIC values than those of the human subjects. Most of the observed variations might be explained on the basis of differing head restraint geometry, posture, and body size. The RID2 NIC values compared most favorably with those of the 50th percentile male subject. For the whole group, the correlations between RID2 and human subjects did not reach statistical significance. The small number of test subjects and crash tests limited the statistical power of this pilot study, and the correlation between the RID2 and human subject NIC values were not statistically significant. The overall qualitative performance and biofidelity of the RID2 was reasonable when compared with the male human 50th percentile subject. Its overall higher ranges of head acceleration and calculated NIC values compared to all of the human subjects were generally consistent. This condition could likely be improved by increasing the stiffness of the RID2 neck. Biofidelic validation of the RID2 will require ongoing testing using a larger number of human subjects and varying boundary conditions. The results of this pilot study, while encouraging, should be considered preliminary.

49 CFR 572.186 - Abdomen assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... part of the dummy assembly shown in drawing 175-0000 including load sensors specified in § 572.189(e... measuring sensor in the abdomen as shown in Figure U5; (5) The impactor impacts the dummy's abdomen at 4.0 m... of the forces of the three abdominal load sensors, specified in 572.189(e), shall be not less than...

Preparation of a hollow porous molecularly imprinted polymer using tetrabromobisphenol A as a dummy template and its application as SPE sorbent for determination of bisphenol A in tap water.

PubMed

Li, Jin; Zhang, Xuebin; Liu, Yuxin; Tong, Hongwu; Xu, Yeping; Liu, Shaomin

2013-12-15

In this paper, a highly selective sample cleanup procedure combing dummy molecular imprinting and solid-phase extraction (DMIP-SPE) was developed for the isolation and determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in tap water. The novel hollow porous dummy molecularly imprinted polymer (HPDMIP) was prepared adopting a sacrificial support approach, using tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), whose structure was similar to that of BPA, as the dummy template and mesoporous MCM-48 nanospheres as the support. Owing to a very short distance between the binding sites and the surface, a large surface area and a good steric structure to match its imprint molecules, the maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) of the dummy-imprinted and non-imprinted sorbents for BPA were as high as 445 and 340 μmol g(-1), respectively, and the adsorption reached about 73% of Qmax in 10 min. Meanwhile, a method was developed for the determination of BPA using HPDMIP as a solid-phase extraction enrichment sorbent coupled with HPLC. Under the optimum experimental conditions, HPDMIP exhibited satisfactory results in the enrichment and determination of BPA in tap water with a recovery rate of 95-105%, and relative standard deviations of below 6%, and it can achieve a limit of detection as low as 3 ng mL(-1). The developed extraction protocol eliminated the effect of template leakage on quantitative analysis and could be applied for the determination of BPA in complicated functional samples. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Non-White, No More: Effect Coding as an Alternative to Dummy Coding with Implications for Higher Education Researchers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayhew, Matthew J.; Simonoff, Jeffrey S.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this article is to describe effect coding as an alternative quantitative practice for analyzing and interpreting categorical, race-based independent variables in higher education research. Unlike indicator (dummy) codes that imply that one group will be a reference group, effect codes use average responses as a means for…

Crash tests of four low-wing twin-engine airplanes with truss-reinforced fuselage structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, M. S.; Fasanella, E. L.

1982-01-01

Four six-place, low-wing, twin-engine, general aviation airplane test specimens were crash tested under controlled free flight conditions. All airplanes were impacted on a concrete test surface at a nomial flight path velocity of 27 m/sec. Two tests were conducted at a -15 deg flight path angle (0 deg pitch angle and 15 deg pitch angle), and two were conducted at a -30 deg flight path angle (-30 deg pitch angle). The average acceleration time histories (crash pulses) in the cabin area for each principal direction were calculated for each crash test. In addition, the peak floor accelerations were calculated for each test as a function of aircraft fuselage longitudinal station number. Anthropomorphic dummy accelerations were analyzed using the dynamic response index and severity index (SI) models. Parameters affecting the dummy restraint system were studied; these parameters included the effect of no upper torso restraint, measurement of the amount of inertia-reel strap pullout before locking, measurement of dummy chest forward motion, and loads in the restraints. With the SI model, the dummies with no shoulder harness received head impacts above the concussive threshold.

Effects of vehicle front-end stiffness on rear seat dummies in NCAP and FMVSS208 tests.

PubMed

Sahraei, Elham; Digges, Kennerly; Marzougui, Dhafer

2013-01-01

This study is devoted to quantifying changes in mass and stiffness of vehicles tested by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) over the past 3 decades (model years 1982 to 2010) and understanding the effect of those changes on protection of rear seat occupants. A total of 1179 tests were used, and the changes in their mass and stiffness versus their model year was quantified. Additionally, data from 439 dummies tested in rear seats of NHTSA's full frontal crashes were analyzed. Dummies were divided into 3 groups based on their reference injury criteria. Multiple regressions were performed with speed, stiffness, and mass as predicting variables for head, neck, and chest injury criteria. A significant increase in mass and stiffness over model year of vehicles was observed, for passenger cars as well as large platform vehicles. The result showed a significant correlation (P-value < .05) between the increase in stiffness of the vehicles and increase in head and chest injury criteria for all dummy sizes. These results explain that stiffness is a significant contributor to previously reported decreases in protection of rear seat occupants over model years of vehicles.

Optimized scheduling technique of null subcarriers for peak power control in 3GPP LTE downlink.

PubMed

Cho, Soobum; Park, Sang Kyu

2014-01-01

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is a key multiple access technique for the long term evolution (LTE) downlink. However, high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can cause the degradation of power efficiency. The well-known PAPR reduction technique, dummy sequence insertion (DSI), can be a realistic solution because of its structural simplicity. However, the large usage of subcarriers for the dummy sequences may decrease the transmitted data rate in the DSI scheme. In this paper, a novel DSI scheme is applied to the LTE system. Firstly, we obtain the null subcarriers in single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, respectively; then, optimized dummy sequences are inserted into the obtained null subcarrier. Simulation results show that Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) sequence is the best for the dummy sequence and the ratio of 16 to 20 for the WHT and randomly generated sequences has the maximum PAPR reduction performance. The number of near optimal iteration is derived to prevent exhausted iterations. It is also shown that there is no bit error rate (BER) degradation with the proposed technique in LTE downlink system.

The Influence of Neck Muscle Activation on Head and Neck Injuries of Occupants in Frontal Impacts.

PubMed

Li, Fan; Lu, Ronggui; Hu, Wei; Li, Honggeng; Hu, Shiping; Hu, Jiangzhong; Wang, Haibin; Xie, He

2018-01-01

The aim of the present paper was to study the influence of neck muscle activation on head and neck injuries of vehicle occupants in frontal impacts. A mixed dummy-human finite element model was developed to simulate a frontal impact. The head-neck part of a Hybrid III dummy model was replaced by a well-validated head-neck FE model with passive and active muscle characteristics. The mixed dummy-human FE model was validated by 15 G frontal volunteer tests conducted in the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory. The effects of neck muscle activation on the head dynamic responses and neck injuries of occupants in three frontal impact intensities, low speed (10 km/h), medium speed (30 km/h), and high speed (50 km/h), were studied. The results showed that the mixed dummy-human FE model has good biofidelity. The activation of neck muscles can not only lower the head resultant acceleration under different impact intensities and the head angular acceleration in medium- and high-speed impacts, thereby reducing the risks of head injury, but also protect the neck from injury in low-speed impacts.

Optimized Scheduling Technique of Null Subcarriers for Peak Power Control in 3GPP LTE Downlink

PubMed Central

Park, Sang Kyu

2014-01-01

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is a key multiple access technique for the long term evolution (LTE) downlink. However, high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can cause the degradation of power efficiency. The well-known PAPR reduction technique, dummy sequence insertion (DSI), can be a realistic solution because of its structural simplicity. However, the large usage of subcarriers for the dummy sequences may decrease the transmitted data rate in the DSI scheme. In this paper, a novel DSI scheme is applied to the LTE system. Firstly, we obtain the null subcarriers in single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, respectively; then, optimized dummy sequences are inserted into the obtained null subcarrier. Simulation results show that Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) sequence is the best for the dummy sequence and the ratio of 16 to 20 for the WHT and randomly generated sequences has the maximum PAPR reduction performance. The number of near optimal iteration is derived to prevent exhausted iterations. It is also shown that there is no bit error rate (BER) degradation with the proposed technique in LTE downlink system. PMID:24883376

Transformer current sensor for superconducting magnetic coils

DOEpatents

Shen, Stewart S.; Wilson, C. Thomas

1988-01-01

A transformer current sensor having primary turns carrying a primary current for a superconducting coil and secondary turns only partially arranged within the primary turns. The secondary turns include an active winding disposed within the primary turns and a dummy winding which is not disposed in the primary turns and so does not experience a magnetic field due to a flow of current in the primary turns. The active and dummy windings are wound in opposite directions or connected in series-bucking relationship, and are exposed to the same ambient magnetic field. Voltages which might otherwise develop in the active and dummy windings due to ambient magnetic fields thus cancel out. The resultant voltage is purely indicative of the rate of change of current flowing in the primary turns.

78 FR 69943 - Anthropomorphic Test Devices; Q3s 3-Year-Old Child Side Impact Test Dummy, Incorporation by...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-21

... design and by July 2007 Build Level C was released. b. Developments In 2007, the Occupant Safety Research... reference a parts list, a set of design drawings, and a ``Procedures for Assembly, Disassembly and Inspection (PADI)'' document, to ensure that all Q3s dummies are the same in their design and construction.\\2...

Aircraft Crash Survival Design Guide. Volume 2. Aircraft Crash Environment and Human Tolerance

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

anthropometry , and crash test dummies, all of which serves as background for the design information presented in the other volumes. .I / V. L...Aeromedical Institute furnished assistance in locat- ing recent information on human tolerance, anthropometry , and crash test dummies. .3 TABLE OF CONTENTS...83 6.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . .. ..... 83 6.2 ANTHROPOMETRY . . . . . . 83 6.2.1 Conventional Anthropometric Measurements

SU-C-BRB-06: Utilizing 3D Scanner and Printer for Dummy Eye-Shield: Artifact-Free CT Images of Tungsten Eye-Shield for Accurate Dose Calculation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Park, J; Lee, J; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a tungsten eye-shield on the dose distribution of a patient. Methods: A 3D scanner was used to extract the dimension and shape of a tungsten eye-shield in the STL format. Scanned data was transferred into a 3D printer. A dummy eye shield was then produced using bio-resin (3D systems, VisiJet M3 Proplast). For a patient with mucinous carcinoma, the planning CT was obtained with the dummy eye-shield placed on the patient’s right eye. Field shaping of 6 MeV was performed using a patient-specific cerrobend block on the 15 x 15 cm{sup 2} applicator. Themore » gantry angle was 330° to cover the planning target volume near by the lens. EGS4/BEAMnrc was commissioned from our measurement data from a Varian 21EX. For the CT-based dose calculation using EGS4/DOSXYZnrc, the CT images were converted to a phantom file through the ctcreate program. The phantom file had the same resolution as the planning CT images. By assigning the CT numbers of the dummy eye-shield region to 17000, the real dose distributions below the tungsten eye-shield were calculated in EGS4/DOSXYZnrc. In the TPS, the CT number of the dummy eye-shield region was assigned to the maximum allowable CT number (3000). Results: As compared to the maximum dose, the MC dose on the right lens or below the eye shield area was less than 2%, while the corresponding RTP calculated dose was an unrealistic value of approximately 50%. Conclusion: Utilizing a 3D scanner and a 3D printer, a dummy eye-shield for electron treatment can be easily produced. The artifact-free CT images were successfully incorporated into the CT-based Monte Carlo simulations. The developed method was useful in predicting the realistic dose distributions around the lens blocked with the tungsten shield.« less

Dynamic Response of the Hybrid III 3 Year Old Dummy Head and Neck During Side Air Bag Loading

PubMed Central

Duma, Stefan M.; Crandall, Jeff R.; Pilkey, Walter D.; Seki, Kazuhiro; Aoki, Takashi

1998-01-01

This paper presents the results from fourteen (n = 14) tests designed to evaluate the response and injury potential of a Hybrid III 3 year old dummy subject to loading by a deploying seat mounted side air bag. An instrumented Hybrid III 3 year old dummy was used for tests in two different occupant positions chosen to maximize head and neck loading. Four seat mounted thoracic side air bags were used that varied only in the level of inflator output. NHTSA’s neck injury criteria for complex loading, referred to as Nij, was modified to include moment values for both anterioposterior and lateral directions. The results of this testing indicate that side air bag loading can result in forces and moments approaching injury threshold values. While there is considerable uncertainty as to the validity of published injury criteria due to the lack of child biomechanical data, this study demonstrates the sensitivity of child response to initial position which may provide insight into placement and geometry of side airbag systems. Furthermore, the data indicates a relationship between airbag inflator properties and child dummy response for a given airbag geometry. Recently, automobile manufacturers have begun implementing side air bags as a safety feature to mitigate injuries resulting from side impact collisions. Unlike the case for the passenger side air bag, the injury potential to an out-of-position child in side airbag loading has not been presented in the literature. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the response of a Hybrid III 3 year old dummy subject to loading by a deploying side air bag.

Development of stress boundary conditions in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for the modeling of solids deformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Douillet-Grellier, Thomas; Pramanik, Ranjan; Pan, Kai; Albaiz, Abdulaziz; Jones, Bruce D.; Williams, John R.

2017-10-01

This paper develops a method for imposing stress boundary conditions in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with and without the need for dummy particles. SPH has been used for simulating phenomena in a number of fields, such as astrophysics and fluid mechanics. More recently, the method has gained traction as a technique for simulation of deformation and fracture in solids, where the meshless property of SPH can be leveraged to represent arbitrary crack paths. Despite this interest, application of boundary conditions within the SPH framework is typically limited to imposed velocity or displacement using fictitious dummy particles to compensate for the lack of particles beyond the boundary interface. While this is enough for a large variety of problems, especially in the case of fluid flow, for problems in solid mechanics there is a clear need to impose stresses upon boundaries. In addition to this, the use of dummy particles to impose a boundary condition is not always suitable or even feasibly, especially for those problems which include internal boundaries. In order to overcome these difficulties, this paper first presents an improved method for applying stress boundary conditions in SPH with dummy particles. This is then followed by a proposal of a formulation which does not require dummy particles. These techniques are then validated against analytical solutions to two common problems in rock mechanics, the Brazilian test and the penny-shaped crack problem both in 2D and 3D. This study highlights the fact that SPH offers a good level of accuracy to solve these problems and that results are reliable. This validation work serves as a foundation for addressing more complex problems involving plasticity and fracture propagation.

Abdominal Twin Pressure Sensors for the assessment of abdominal injuries in Q dummies: in-dummy evaluation and performance in accident reconstructions.

PubMed

Beillas, Philippe; Alonzo, François; Chevalier, Marie-Christine; Lesire, Philippe; Leopold, Franck; Trosseille, Xavier; Johannsen, Heiko

2012-10-01

The Abdominal Pressure Twin Sensors (APTS) for Q3 and Q6 dummies are composed of soft polyurethane bladders filled with fluid and equipped with pressure sensors. Implanted within the abdominal insert of child dummies, they can be used to detect abdominal loading due to the belt during frontal collisions. In the present study - which is part of the EC funded CASPER project - two versions of APTS (V1 and V2) were evaluated in abdominal belt compression tests, torso flexion test (V1 only) and two series of sled tests with degraded restraint conditions. The results suggest that the two versions have similar responses, and that the pressure sensitivity to torso flexion is limited. The APTS ability to detect abdominal loading in sled tests was also confirmed, with peak pressures typically below 1 bar when the belt loaded only the pelvis and the thorax (appropriate restraint) and values above that level when the abdomen was loaded directly (inappropriate restraint). Then, accident reconstructions performed as part of CASPER and previous EC funded projects were reanalyzed. Selected data from 19 dummies (12 Q6 and 7 Q3) were used to plot injury risk curves. Maximum pressure, maximum pressure rate and their product were all found to be injury predictors. Maximum pressure levels for a 50% risk of AIS3+ were consistent with the levels separating appropriate and inappropriate restraint in the sled tests (e.g. 50% risk of AIS3+ at 1.09 bar for pressure filtered CFC180). Further work is needed to refine the scaling techniques between ages and confirm the risk curves.

The effect of systemic lipoic acid on hearing preservation after cochlear implantation via the round window approach: A guinea pig model.

PubMed

Chang, Mun Young; Gwon, Tae Mok; Lee, Ho Sun; Lee, Jun Ho; Oh, Seung Ha; Kim, Sung June; Park, Min-Hyun

2017-03-15

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemic lipoic acid on hearing preservation after cochlear implantation. Twelve Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the lipoic acid group. Animals in the lipoic acid group received lipoic acid intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. A sterilised silicone electrode-dummy was inserted through the round window to a depth of approximately 5 mm. The hearing level was measured using auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) prior to electrode-dummy insertion, and at 4 days and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after electrode-dummy insertion. The threshold shift was defined as the difference between the pre-operative threshold and each of the post-operative thresholds. The cochleae were examined histologically 4 weeks after electrode-dummy insertion. Threshold shifts changed with frequency but not time. At 2kHz, ABR threshold shifts were statistically significantly lower in the lipoic acid group than the control group. At 8, 16 and 32kHz, there was no significant difference in the ABR threshold shift between the two groups. Histologic review revealed less intracochlear fibrosis along the electrode-dummy insertion site in the lipoic acid group than in the control group. The spiral ganglion cell densities of the basal, middle and apical turns were significantly higher in the lipoic acid group compared with the control group. Therefore, systemic lipoic acid administration appears to effectively preserve hearing at low frequencies in patients undergoing cochlear implantation. These effects may be attributed to the protection of spiral ganglion cells and prevention of intracochlear fibrosis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

On the use of an Arduino-based controller to control the charging process of a wind turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahmuddin, Faisal; Yusran, Ahmad Muhtam; Klara, Syerly

2017-02-01

In order to avoid an excessive charging voltage which can damage power storage when converting wind energy using a turbine, it is necessary to control the charging voltage of the turbine generator. In the present study, a charging controller which uses an Arduino microcontroller, is designed. 3 (three) indicator lights are installed to indicate the battery charging process, power diversion to dummy load and battery power level. The performance of the designed controller is evaluated by simulating 3 cases. In this simulation, a battery with maximum voltage of 12.4 V is used. Case 1 is performed with input voltage equals the one set in Arduino which is 10 V. In this case, the battery is charged up to 10.8 V. In case 2, the input voltage is 13 V while the maximum voltage set in Arduino is also 13 V. In this case, the battery is charged up to maximum voltage of the battery. Moreover, the dummy load indicator is ON and charging indicator is OFF after the maximum charging voltage is reached because the electricity is flowed to the dummy load. In the final case, the input voltage is set to be 16 V while the maximum voltage set in Arduino is 13 V. In this case, the charging indicator is OFF and dummy load indicator is ON which means that the Arduino has successfully switched the power to be flowed to dummy load. From the 3 (three) cases, it can be concluded that the designed controller works perfectly to control the charging process of the wind turbine. Moreover, the charging time needed in each case can also be determined.

Extraction of the gate capacitance coupling coefficient in floating gate non-volatile memories: Statistical study of the effect of mismatching between floating gate memory and reference transistor in dummy cell extraction methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rafhay, Quentin; Beug, M. Florian; Duane, Russell

2007-04-01

This paper presents an experimental comparison of dummy cell extraction methods of the gate capacitance coupling coefficient for floating gate non-volatile memory structures from different geometries and technologies. These results show the significant influence of mismatching floating gate devices and reference transistors on the extraction of the gate capacitance coupling coefficient. In addition, it demonstrates the accuracy of the new bulk bias dummy cell extraction method and the importance of the β function, introduced recently in [Duane R, Beug F, Mathewson A. Novel capacitance coupling coefficient measurement methodology for floating gate non-volatile memory devices. IEEE Electr Dev Lett 2005;26(7):507-9], to determine matching pairs of floating gate memory and reference transistor.

Effects of external radio transmitters on fish

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ross, M.J.; McCormick, J.H.

1981-04-01

Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were studied to determine the effects of externally attached radio transmitter tags. Perch that had been tagged with dummy radio tags were more susceptible to predation and more sensitive to environmental stress than were controls. Feeding and respiration rates were similar among dummy tagged and control groups of perch over a 6-week period. The feeding rate of dummy tagged largemouth bass was lower than that of untagged fish over a 3,5-week period. On the basis of these studies, we conclude that weights of external transmitters in water should be less thanmore » 1.5% of the fish weight. Design considerations should include streamlining components and an anterior attachment wire at the extreme leading edge of an external transmitter to prevent entanglement of the tag in surrounding vegetation.« less

MTR MAIN FLOOR. MEN DEMONSTRATE INSERTION OF DUMMY PLUG INTO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

MTR MAIN FLOOR. MEN DEMONSTRATE INSERTION OF DUMMY PLUG INTO AN MTR BEAM HOLE. ONE MAN CHECKS RADIATION LEVEL AT THE END OF THE UNIVERSAL COFFIN, WHILE ANOTHER USES TOOL TO INSERT PLUG INTO HOLE THROUGH COFFIN. MEN WEAR "ANTI-C" (ANTI-CONTAMINATION) CLOTHING. INL NEGATIVE NO. 6198. R.G. Larsen, Photographer, 6/27/1952 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

The Use of a Vehicle Acceleration Exposure Limit Model and a Finite Element Crash Test Dummy Model to Evaluate the Risk of Injuries During Orion Crew Module Landings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawrence, Charles; Fasanella, Edwin L.; Tabiei, Ala; Brinkley, James W.; Shemwell, David M.

2008-01-01

A review of astronaut whole body impact tolerance is discussed for land or water landings of the next generation manned space capsule named Orion. LS-DYNA simulations of Orion capsule landings are performed to produce a low, moderate, and high probability of injury. The paper evaluates finite element (FE) seat and occupant simulations for assessing injury risk for the Orion crew and compares these simulations to whole body injury models commonly referred to as the Brinkley criteria. The FE seat and crash dummy models allow for varying the occupant restraint systems, cushion materials, side constraints, flailing of limbs, and detailed seat/occupant interactions to minimize landing injuries to the crew. The FE crash test dummies used in conjunction with the Brinkley criteria provides a useful set of tools for predicting potential crew injuries during vehicle landings.

Modeling The Frontal Collison In Vehicles And Determining The Degree Of Injury On The Driver

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oţăt, Oana Victoria

2015-09-01

The present research study aims at analysing the kinematic and the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle's driver in a frontal collision. Hence, a subsequent objective of the research paper is to establish the degree of injury suffered by the driver. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives set, first, we had to define the type of the dummy placed in the position of the driver, and then to design the three-element assembly, i.e. the chair-steering wheel-dashboard assembly. Based on this model, the following step focused on the positioning of the dummy, which has also integrated the defining of the contacts between the components of the dummy and the seat elements. Seeking to model such a behaviour that would highly accurately reflect the driver's movements in a frontal collision, passive safety systems have also been defined and simulated, namely the seatbelt and the frontal airbag.

Effect of occlusal interference on habitual activity of human masseter.

PubMed

Michelotti, A; Farella, M; Gallo, L M; Veltri, A; Palla, S; Martina, R

2005-07-01

It has been suggested that occlusal interference may increase habitual activity in the jaw muscles and may lead to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). We tested these hypotheses by means of a double-blind randomized crossover experiment carried out on 11 young healthy females. Strips of gold foil were glued either on a selected occlusal contact area (active interference) or on the vestibular surface of the same tooth (dummy interference) and left for 8 days each. Electromyographic masseter activity was recorded in the natural environment by portable recorders under interference-free, dummy-interference, and active-interference conditions. The active occlusal interference caused a significant reduction in the number of activity periods per hour and in their mean amplitude. The EMG activity did not change significantly during the dummy-interference condition. None of the subjects developed signs and/or symptoms of TMD throughout the whole study, and most of them adapted fairly well to the occlusal disturbance.

Navy Electroplating Pollution Control Technology Assessment Manual.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-01

quality. Dummying of chromium baths is used in the special case where high cathode-to-anode 5ea ratio has resulted in build up of trivalent chromium (Cr...Dummying with a high anode -to-cat hode area ratio can be 6used to reoxidize the trivalent to hexavalent chromium (Cr ).Proper scheduling of work can...unit processes: * Chromium reduction (if needed) of segregated chromium waste streams to reduce the chromium from its hexavalent form to the trivalent

Synthesis of lab-in-a-pipette-tip extraction using hydrophilic nano-sized dummy molecularly imprinted polymer for purification and analysis of prednisolone.

PubMed

Arabi, Maryam; Ghaedi, Mehrorang; Ostovan, Abbas; Wang, Shaobin

2016-10-15

A novel pipette-tip based on nano-sized dummy molecularly imprinted polymer (PT-DMIP) assisted by ultrasonication for the effective enrichment and analysis of prednisolone from urine samples was developed. The PT-DMIP cartridge was prepared by packing the dummy molecularly imprinted polymer at the tip of the micropipette. The polymerization used betamethasone (BM) as the dummy template, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) as the functionalized monomer, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the cross-linker and aluminum ion (Al(3+)) as a dopant to produce Lewis acid sites in the silica matrix for metal coordinative interactions with the analyte. Compared to conventional solid phase extraction (SPE), the PT-DMIP is cost-effective, fast, and easy to handle, while the system is very approachable and reduces the consumption of toxic organic solvent. HPLC-UV analysis revealed successful applicability of the sorbent for highly efficient extraction of perdnisolone from urine matrices. The extraction recovery was investigated and optimum conditions were obtained using central composite design. Good linearity for prednisolone in the range of 0.22-220μgL(-1) with regression coefficients of 0.99 reveals high applicability of the method for trace analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries are 89.0-96.1 with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 9.0%. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Process-based Assignment-Setting Change for Support of Overcoming Bottlenecks in Learning by Problem-Posing in Arithmetic Word Problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Supianto, A. A.; Hayashi, Y.; Hirashima, T.

2017-02-01

Problem-posing is well known as an effective activity to learn problem-solving methods. Monsakun is an interactive problem-posing learning environment to facilitate arithmetic word problems learning for one operation of addition and subtraction. The characteristic of Monsakun is problem-posing as sentence-integration that lets learners make a problem of three sentences. Monsakun provides learners with five or six sentences including dummies, which are designed through careful considerations by an expert teacher as a meaningful distraction to the learners in order to learn the structure of arithmetic word problems. The results of the practical use of Monsakun in elementary schools show that many learners have difficulties in arranging the proper answer at the high level of assignments. The analysis of the problem-posing process of such learners found that their misconception of arithmetic word problems causes impasses in their thinking and mislead them to use dummies. This study proposes a method of changing assignments as a support for overcoming bottlenecks of thinking. In Monsakun, the bottlenecks are often detected as a frequently repeated use of a specific dummy. If such dummy can be detected, it is the key factor to support learners to overcome their difficulty. This paper discusses how to detect the bottlenecks and to realize such support in learning by problem-posing.

Factors that influence chest injuries in rollovers.

PubMed

Digges, Kennerly; Eigen, Ana; Tahan, Fadi; Grzebieta, Raphael

2014-01-01

The design of countermeasures to reduce serious chest injuries for belted occupants involved in rollover crashes requires an understanding of the cause of these injuries and of the test conditions to assure the effectiveness of the countermeasures. This study defines rollover environments and occupant-to-vehicle interactions that cause chest injuries for belted drivers. The NASS-CDS was examined to determine the frequency and crash severity for belted drivers with serious (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] 3+) chest injuries in rollovers. Case studies of NASS crashes with serious chest injuries sustained by belted front occupants were undertaken and damage patterns were determined. Vehicle rollover tests with dummies were examined to determine occupant motion in crashes with damage similar to that observed in the NASS cases. Computer simulations were performed to further explore factors that could contribute to chest injury. Finite element model (FEM) vehicle models with both the FEM Hybrid III dummy and THUMS human model were used in the simulations. Simulation of rollovers with 6 quarter-turns or less indicated that increases in the vehicle pitch, either positive or negative, increased the severity of dummy chest loadings. This finding was consistent with vehicle damage observations from NASS cases. For the far-side occupant, the maximum chest loadings were caused by belt and side interactions during the third quarter-turn and by the center console loading during the fourth quarter-turn. The results showed that the THUMS dummy produced more realistic kinematics and improved insights into skeletal and chest organ loadings compared to the Hybrid III dummy. These results suggest that a dynamic rollover test to encourage chest injury reduction countermeasures should induce a roll of at least 4 quarter-turns and should also include initial vehicle pitch and/or yaw so that the vehicle's axis of rotation is not aligned with its inertial roll axis during the initial stage of the rollover.

Complex social waves of giant honeybees provoked by a dummy wasp support the special-agent hypothesis.

PubMed

Kastberger, Gerald; Weihmann, Frank; Hoetzl, Thomas

2010-03-01

The social waves in giant honeybees termed as shimmering are more complex than mexican waves. it has been demonstrated1 that shimmering is triggered by special agents at the nest surface. in this paper, we have used a nest that originated by amalgamation of two previously separated nests and stimulated waves by a dummy wasp moved on a miniature cable car. we illustrate the plausibility of the special-agent hypothesis1 also for complex shimmering processes.

Complex social waves of giant honeybees provoked by a dummy wasp support the special-agent hypothesis

PubMed Central

Weihmann, Frank; Hoetzl, Thomas

2010-01-01

The social waves in giant honeybees termed as shimmering are more complex than mexican waves. it has been demonstrated1 that shimmering is triggered by special agents at the nest surface. in this paper, we have used a nest that originated by amalgamation of two previously separated nests and stimulated waves by a dummy wasp moved on a miniature cable car. we illustrate the plausibility of the special-agent hypothesis1 also for complex shimmering processes. PMID:20585516

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Various Blast Loading Descriptors as Occupant Injury Predictors for Underbody Blast Events

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-09

of Hybrid III ATD LSDYNA model with FTSS v7.1.6 finite element dummy 6 Unclassified: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release...descriptors as occupant injury predictors for underbody blast events Recording injury metrics Response from the dummy especially pelvic acceleration and...Ciip(H&ad CG,2) "’"’ "-......--------, I Max : 122.669 @59.81 7!; Time, ms Pelvic Z acceleration, g I I Clip: -4.75737 Ts:97.4138 Te: 104.414

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carpenter, John H.; Belcourt, Kenneth Noel

Completion of the CASL L3 milestone THM.CFD.P6.03 provides a tabular material properties capability to the Hydra code. A tabular interpolation package used in Sandia codes was modified to support the needs of multi-phase solvers in Hydra. Use of the interface is described. The package was released to Hydra under a government use license. A dummy physics was created in Hydra to prototype use of the interpolation routines. Finally, a test using the dummy physics verifies the correct behavior of the interpolation for a test water table. 3

Presentation of a dummy representing suit for simulation of huMAN heatloss (DRESSMAN).

PubMed

Mayer, E; Schwab, R

2004-09-01

DRESSMAN designates a novel dummy for climate measurements that allows predicting the human thermal comfort experienced inside rooms (buildings, vehicles, aircraft, railway compartments etc.) on the basis of indoor climate measurements. Measurements can be listed in tabular form and can also be represented by way of color gradations in a virtual 3D human model. Optionally, visualization may be rendered during or after measurement. Due to its very quick response, DRESSMAN is particularly suited for nonstationary processes.

Estimation of the auto frequency response function at unexcited points using dummy masses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosoya, Naoki; Yaginuma, Shinji; Onodera, Hiroshi; Yoshimura, Takuya

2015-02-01

If structures with complex shapes have space limitations, vibration tests using an exciter or impact hammer for the excitation are difficult. Although measuring the auto frequency response function at an unexcited point may not be practical via a vibration test, it can be obtained by assuming that the inertia acting on a dummy mass is an external force on the target structure upon exciting a different excitation point. We propose a method to estimate the auto frequency response functions at unexcited points by attaching a small mass (dummy mass), which is comparable to the accelerometer mass. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing the auto frequency response functions estimated at unexcited points in a beam structure to those obtained from numerical simulations. We also consider random measurement errors by finite element analysis and vibration tests, but not bias errors. Additionally, the applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated by applying it to estimate the auto frequency response function of the lower arm in a car suspension.

Near-infrared bulk optical properties of goat wound tissue and human serum: consequences for an implantable optical glucose sensor.

PubMed

Aernouts, Ben; Sharma, Sandeep; Gellynck, Karolien; Vlaminck, Lieven; Cornelissen, Maria; Saeys, Wouter

2016-10-01

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy offers a promising technological platform for continuous glucose monitoring in the human body. Moreover, these measurements could be performed in vivo with an implantable single-chip based optical sensor. However, a thin tissue layer may grow in the optical path of the sensor. As most biological tissues are highly scattering, they only allow a small fraction of the collimated light to pass, significantly reducing the light throughput. To quantify the effect of a thin tissue layer in the optical path, the bulk optical properties of serum and tissue samples grown on implanted dummy sensors were characterized using double integrating sphere and unscattered transmittance measurements. The estimated bulk optical properties were then used to calculate the light attenuation through a thin tissue layer. The combination band of glucose was found to be the better option, relative to the first overtone band, as the absorptivity of glucose molecules is higher, while the reduction in unscattered transmittance due to tissue growth is less. Additionally, as the wound tissue was found to be highly scattering, the unscattered transmittance of the tissue layer is expected to be very low. Therefore, a sensor configuration which measures the diffuse transmittance and/or reflectance instead was recommended. (a) Dummy sensor; (b) explanted dummy sensor in tissue lump; (c) removal of dummy sensor from tissue lump; and (d) 900 µm slices of tissue lump. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Anthropometric specifications, development, and evaluation of EvaRID--a 50th percentile female rear impact finite element dummy model.

PubMed

Carlsson, Anna; Chang, Fred; Lemmen, Paul; Kullgren, Anders; Schmitt, Kai-Uwe; Linder, Astrid; Svensson, Mats Y

2014-01-01

Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs), or whiplash injuries, due to low-severity vehicle crashes are of great concern in motorized countries and it is well established that the risk of such injuries is higher for females than for males, even in similar crash conditions. Recent protective systems have been shown to be more beneficial for males than for females. Hence, there is a need for improved tools to address female WAD prevention when developing and evaluating the performance of whiplash protection systems. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a finite element model of a 50th percentile female rear impact crash test dummy. The anthropometry of the 50th percentile female was specified based on literature data. The model, called EvaRID (female rear impact dummy), was based on the same design concept as the existing 50th percentile male rear impact dummy, the BioRID II. A scaling approach was developed and the first version, EvaRID V1.0, was implemented. Its dynamic response was compared to female volunteer data from rear impact sled tests. The EvaRID V1.0 model and the volunteer tests compared well until ∼250 ms of the head and T1 forward accelerations and rearward linear displacements and of the head rearward angular displacement. Markedly less T1 rearward angular displacement was found for the EvaRID model compared to the female volunteers. Similar results were received for the BioRID II model when comparing simulated responses with experimental data under volunteer loading conditions. The results indicate that the biofidelity of the EvaRID V1.0 and BioRID II FE models have limitations, predominantly in the T1 rearward angular displacement, at low velocity changes (7 km/h). The BioRID II model was validated against dummy test results in a loading range close to consumer test conditions (EuroNCAP) and lower severity levels of volunteer testing were not considered. The EvaRID dummy model demonstrated the potential of becoming a valuable tool when evaluating and developing seats and whiplash protection systems. However, updates of the joint stiffness will be required to provide better correlation at lower load levels. Moreover, the seated posture, curvature of the spine, and head position of 50th percentile female occupants needs to be established and implemented in future models.

An Investigation of Technologies for Hazardous Sludge Reduction at AFLC (Air Force Logistics Command) Industrial Waste Treatment Plants. Volume 2. Literature Review of Available Technologies for Treating Heavy Metal Wastewaters.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

plate quality. Dummying of chromium baths is used in the special case where high cathode-to-anode 15ea ratio has resulted in build up of trivalent ... chromium (Cr ).Dummying with a high anode -to-cat hode area ratio can be used to reoxidize the trivalent to hexavalent chromium (Cr +6 ). Proper...the trivalent state, which then can be precipitated as chromium hydroxide by alkali neutralization " Cyanide oxidation (if needed) of segregated

NASA general aviation crashworthiness seat development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fasanella, E. L.; Alfaro-Bou, E.

1979-01-01

Three load limiting seat concepts for general aviation aircraft designed to lower the deceleration of the occupant in the event of a crash were sled tested and evaluated with reference to a standard seat. Dummy pelvis accelerations were reduced up to 50 percent with one of the concepts. Computer program MSOMLA (Modified Seat Occupant Model for Light Aircraft) was used to simulate the behavior of a dummy passenger in a NASA full-scale crash test of a twin engine light aircraft. A computer graphics package MANPLOT was developed to pictorially represent the occupant and seat motion.

Application of a dummy eye shield for electron treatment planning

PubMed Central

Kang, Sei-Kwon; Park, Soah; Hwang, Taejin; Cheong, Kwang-Ho; Han, Taejin; Kim, Haeyoung; Lee, Me-Yeon; Kim, Kyoung Ju; Oh, Do Hoon; Bae, Hoonsik

2013-01-01

Metallic eye shields have been widely used for near-eye treatments to protect critical regions, but have never been incorporated into treatment plans because of the unwanted appearance of the metal artifacts on CT images. The purpose of this work was to test the use of an acrylic dummy eye shield as a substitute for a metallic eye shield during CT scans. An acrylic dummy shield of the same size as the tungsten eye shield was machined and CT scanned. The BEAMnrc and the DOSXYZnrc were used for the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, with the appropriate material information and density for the aluminum cover, steel knob and tungsten body of the eye shield. The Pinnacle adopting the Hogstrom electron pencil-beam algorithm was used for the one-port 6-MeV beam plan after delineation and density override of the metallic parts. The results were confirmed with the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) detectors and the Gafchromic EBT2 film measurements. For both the maximum eyelid dose over the shield and the maximum dose under the shield, the MC results agreed with the EBT2 measurements within 1.7%. For the Pinnacle plan, the maximum dose under the shield agreed with the MC within 0.3%; however, the eyelid dose differed by –19.3%. The adoption of the acrylic dummy eye shield was successful for the treatment plan. However, the Pinnacle pencil-beam algorithm was not sufficient to predict the eyelid dose on the tungsten shield, and more accurate algorithms like MC should be considered for a treatment plan. PMID:22915776

Layout finishing of a 28nm, 3 billions transistors, multi-core processor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morey-Chaisemartin, Philippe; Beisser, Eric

2013-06-01

Designing a fully new 256 cores processor is a great challenge for a fabless startup. In addition to all architecture, functionalities and timing issues, the layout by itself is a bottleneck due to all the process constraints of a 28nm technology. As developers of advanced layout finishing solutions, we were involved in the design flow of this huge chip with its 3 billions transistors. We had to face the issue of dummy patterns instantiation with respect to design constraints. All the design rules to generate the "dummies" are clearly defined in the Design Rule Manual, and some automatic procedures are provided by the foundry itself, but these routines don't take care of the designer requests. Such a chip, embeds both digital parts and analog modules for clock and power management. These two different type of designs have each their own set of constraints. In both cases, the insertion of dummies should not introduce unexpected variations leading to malfunctions. For example, on digital parts were signal race conditions are critical on long wires or bus, introduction of uncontrolled parasitic along these nets are highly critical. For analog devices such as high frequency and high sensitivity comparators, the exact symmetry of the two parts of a current mirror generator should be guaranteed. Thanks to the easily customizable features of our dummies insertion tool, we were able to configure it in order to meet all the designer requirements as well as the process constraints. This paper will present all these advanced key features as well as the layout tricks used to fulfill all requirements.

Personal messages reduce vandalism and theft of unattended scientific equipment

PubMed Central

Clarin, B-Markus; Bitzilekis, Eleftherios; Siemers, Björn M; Goerlitz, Holger R

2014-01-01

Scientific equipment, such as animal traps and autonomous data collection systems, is regularly left in the field unattended, making it an easy target for vandalism or theft. We tested the effectiveness of three label types, which differed in their information content and tone of the message, that is, personal,neutral or threatening, for reducing incidents of vandalism and theft of unattended scientific field equipment. The three label types were attached to 20 scientific equipment dummies each, which were placed semi-hidden and evenly distributed in four public parks in Munich, Germany. While the label type had no effect on the severity of the interactions with our equipment dummies, the personal label reduced the overall number of interactions by c. 40–60%, compared with the dummies showing the neutral or threatening label type. We suggest that researchers, in addition to securing their field equipment, label it with personal and polite messages that inform about the ongoing research and directly appeal to the public not to disturb the equipment. Further studies should extend these results to areas with different socio-economic structure. PMID:25866614

The sight of an adult brood parasite near the nest is an insufficient cue for a honeyguide host to reject foreign eggs.

PubMed

Tong, Wenfei; Horrocks, Nicholas P C; Spottiswoode, Claire N

2015-07-01

Hosts of brood-parasitic birds typically evolve anti-parasitism defences, including mobbing of parasitic intruders at the nest and the ability to recognize and reject foreign eggs from their clutches. The Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator is a virulent brood parasite that punctures host eggs and kills host young, and accordingly, a common host, the Little Bee-eater Merops pusillus frequently rejects entire clutches that have been parasitized. We predicted that given the high costs of accidentally rejecting an entire clutch, and that the experimental addition of a foreign egg is insufficient to induce this defence, Bee-eaters require the sight of an adult parasite near the nest as an additional cue for parasitism before they reject a clutch. We found that many Little Bee-eater parents mobbed Greater Honeyguide dummies while ignoring barbet control dummies, showing that they recognized them as a threat. Surprisingly, however, neither a dummy Honeyguide nor the presence of a foreign egg, either separately or in combination, was sufficient to stimulate egg rejection.

The sight of an adult brood parasite near the nest is an insufficient cue for a honeyguide host to reject foreign eggs

PubMed Central

Tong, Wenfei; Horrocks, Nicholas P C; Spottiswoode, Claire N

2015-01-01

Hosts of brood-parasitic birds typically evolve anti-parasitism defences, including mobbing of parasitic intruders at the nest and the ability to recognize and reject foreign eggs from their clutches. The Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator is a virulent brood parasite that punctures host eggs and kills host young, and accordingly, a common host, the Little Bee-eater Merops pusillus frequently rejects entire clutches that have been parasitized. We predicted that given the high costs of accidentally rejecting an entire clutch, and that the experimental addition of a foreign egg is insufficient to induce this defence, Bee-eaters require the sight of an adult parasite near the nest as an additional cue for parasitism before they reject a clutch. We found that many Little Bee-eater parents mobbed Greater Honeyguide dummies while ignoring barbet control dummies, showing that they recognized them as a threat. Surprisingly, however, neither a dummy Honeyguide nor the presence of a foreign egg, either separately or in combination, was sufficient to stimulate egg rejection. PMID:26300559

Nestmate recognition in social wasps: manipulation of hydrocarbon profiles induces aggression in the European hornet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruther, Joachim; Sieben, Stefan; Schricker, Burkhard

2002-03-01

The influence of individual cuticular hydrocarbons on nestmate recognition in the European hornet, Vespa crabro L., was investigated. We observed the behavioural response of workers towards differently treated dead conspecifics in a bioassay. Dummies were extracted with dichloromethane and extracts were spiked with microgram amounts of synthetic hydrocarbons naturally occurring on the cuticle of V. crabro. These modified extracts were reapplied to extracted workers that were subsequently tested in the bioassay. Non-spiked nestmate dummies (negative control) and untreated non-nestmate dummies (positive control) were tested in control experiments. The addition of only heneicosane or a mixture of heneicosane, tricosane, and ( Z)-9-tricosene to the extracts led to a significant increase of agonistic behaviour in workers leaving the nest for foraging flights. Returning workers reacted much less aggressively than those leaving. This is one of the first behavioural proofs that manipulation of cuticular hydrocarbon profiles can be perceived by a social insect species. The results support the hypothesis that colony-specific cuticular hydrocarbon profiles are involved in the phenomenon of nestmate recognition among social insects.

Dispersive solid-phase extraction based on magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres for selective screening of phthalates in plastic bottled beverages.

PubMed

Qiao, Jindong; Wang, Mingyu; Yan, Hongyuan; Yang, Gengliang

2014-04-02

A new magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted dispersive solid-phase extraction (MAG-MIM-dSPE) coupled with gas chromatography-FID was developed for selective determination of phthalates in plastic bottled beverages. The new magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres (MAG-MIM) using diisononyl phthalate as a template mimic were synthesized by coprecipitation coupled with aqueous suspension polymerization and were successfully applied as the adsorbents for MAG-MIM-dSPE to extract and isolate five phthalates from plastic bottled beverages. Validation experiments showed that the MAG-MIM-dSPE method had good linearity at 0.0040-0.40 μg/mL (0.9991-0.9998), good precision (3.1-6.9%), and high recovery (89.5-101.3%), and limits of detection were obtained in a range of 0.53-1.2 μg/L. The presented MAG-MIM-dSPE method combines the quick separation of magnetic particles, special selectivity of MIM, and high extraction efficiency of dSPE, which could potentially be applied to selective screening of phthalates in beverage products.

Personal messages reduce vandalism and theft of unattended scientific equipment.

PubMed

Clarin, B-Markus; Bitzilekis, Eleftherios; Siemers, Björn M; Goerlitz, Holger R

2014-02-01

Scientific equipment, such as animal traps and autonomous data collection systems, is regularly left in the field unattended, making it an easy target for vandalism or theft. We tested the effectiveness of three label types, which differed in their information content and tone of the message, that is, personal , neutral or threatening , for reducing incidents of vandalism and theft of unattended scientific field equipment. The three label types were attached to 20 scientific equipment dummies each, which were placed semi-hidden and evenly distributed in four public parks in Munich, Germany. While the label type had no effect on the severity of the interactions with our equipment dummies, the personal label reduced the overall number of interactions by c . 40-60%, compared with the dummies showing the neutral or threatening label type. We suggest that researchers, in addition to securing their field equipment, label it with personal and polite messages that inform about the ongoing research and directly appeal to the public not to disturb the equipment. Further studies should extend these results to areas with different socio-economic structure.

Coarse Graining to Investigate Membrane Induced Peptide Folding of Anticancer Peptides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganesan, Sai; Xu, Hongcheng; Matysiak, Silvina

Information about membrane induced peptide folding mechanisms using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations is a challenge due to time and length scale issues.We recently developed a low resolution Water Explicit Polarizable PROtein coarse-grained Model by adding oppositely charged dummy particles inside protein backbone beads.These two dummy particles represent a fluctuating dipole,thus introducing structural polarization into the coarse-grained model.With this model,we were able to achieve significant α- β secondary structure content de novo,without any added bias.We extended the model to zwitterionic and anionic lipids,by adding oppositely charged dummy particles inside polar beads, to capture the ability of the head group region to form hydrogen bonds.We use zwitterionic POPC and anionic POPS as our model lipids, and a cationic anticancer peptide,SVS1,as our model peptide.We have characterized the driving forces for SVS1 folding on lipid bilayers with varying anionic and zwitterionic lipid compositions.Based on our results, dipolar interactions between peptide backbone and lipid head groups contribute to stabilize folded conformations.Cooperativity in folding is induced by both intra peptide and membrane-peptide interaction.

Novel strategy for synthesis of magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted nanoparticles based on functionalized silica as an efficient sorbent for the determination of acrylamide in potato chips: Optimization by experimental design methodology.

PubMed

Arabi, Maryam; Ostovan, Abbas; Ghaedi, Mehrorang; Purkait, Mihir K

2016-07-01

This study discusses a novel and simple method for the preparation of magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MDMINPs). Firstly, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized as a magnetic component. Subsequently, MDMINPs were constructed via the sol-gel strategy using APTMS as the functional monomer. Urethane was considered as dummy template to avoid residual template and TEOS as the cross linker. The prepared MDMINPs were used for the pre-concentration of acrylamide from potato chips. Quantification was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). The impact of influential variables such as pH, amount of sorbent, sonication time and eluent volume were well investigated and optimized using a central composite design. The particles had excellent magnetic property and high selectivity to the targeted molecule. In optimized conditions, the recovery ranged from 94.0% to 98.0% with the detection limit of 0.35µgkg(-1). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Status of the irradiation test vehicle for testing fusion materials in the Advanced Test Reactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tsai, H.; Gomes, I.C.; Smith, D.L.

1998-09-01

The design of the irradiation test vehicle (ITV) for the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) has been completed. The main application for the ITV is irradiation testing of candidate fusion structural materials, including vanadium-base alloys, silicon carbide composites, and low-activation steels. Construction of the vehicle is underway at the Lockheed Martin Idaho Technology Company (LMITCO). Dummy test trains are being built for system checkout and fine-tuning. Reactor insertion of the ITV with the dummy test trains is scheduled for fall 1998. Barring unexpected difficulties, the ITV will be available for experiments in early 1999.

Comprehensive comparison of liquid chromatography selectivity as provided by two types of liquid chromatography detectors (high resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry): "where is the crossover point?".

PubMed

Kaufmann, A; Butcher, P; Maden, K; Walker, S; Widmer, M

2010-07-12

The selectivity of mass traces obtained by monitoring liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was compared. A number of blank extracts (fish, pork kidney, pork liver and honey) were separated by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Detected were some 100 dummy transitions respectively dummy exact masses (traces). These dummy masses were the product of a random generator. The range of the permitted masses corresponded to those which are typical for analytes (e.g. veterinary drugs). The large number of monitored dummy traces ensured that endogenous compounds present in the matrix extract, produced a significant number of detectable chromatographic peaks. All obtained chromatographic peaks were integrated and standardized. Standardisation was done by dividing these absolute peak areas by the average response of a set of 7 different veterinary drugs. This permitted a direct comparison between the LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS data. The data indicated that the selectivity of LC-HRMS exceeds LC-MS/MS, if high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data is recorded with a resolution of 50,000 full width at half maximum (FWHM) and a corresponding mass window. This conclusion was further supported by experimental data (MS/MS based trace analysis), where a false positive finding was observed. An endogenous matrix compound present in honey matrix behaved like a banned nitroimidazole drug. This included identical retention time and two MRM traces, producing an MRM ratio between them, which perfectly matched the ratio observed in the external standard. HRMS measurement clearly resolved the interfering matrix compound and unmasked the false positive MS/MS finding. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of the influence of velocity on dynamic passenger loads during a frontal minibus impact against an obstacle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prochowski, L.; Dębowski, A.; Żuchowski, A.; Zielonka, K.

2016-09-01

The safety of people travelling by minibus is a very complex issue, in which the decisive role is played by load-bearing vehicle structure, passenger seats, and personal protection means. In order to maximize the number of people transported, the seats are spaced very closely to each other and this may pose a hazard to the passengers. Based on an analysis of experimental test results, a computer model representing a system composed of a minibus floor segment, seats, and dummies was built. For the analysis, seats integrated with seat belts were adopted. A seat of this type was based on a high-rigidity frame necessary to bear, inter alia, the strong force exerted (during a collision) by passenger's torso on the shoulder seat belt and transmitted to the upper seat belt anchorage point on the seat backrest. Within this work, the frontal minibus impact against an obstacle with velocities ranging from 20 km/h to 70 km/h was considered. The analysis covered the motion of, and dynamic loads on, a test dummy representing a 50th percentile adult male (Hybrid III dummy). Within the analysis, realizations of dynamic loads caused by inertial forces and reactions exerted by a three-point seat belt were taken into account. Special attention was paid to the extreme values of the loads that acted on dummy's head, neck, and torso when the head hit the backrest of the preceding seat in the culminating phase of the vehicle impact against an obstacle. The values of biomechanical indicators HIC, ThAC, Nij , and FAC and of the joint injury risk indicator were calculated.

ILP-based co-optimization of cut mask layout, dummy fill, and timing for sub-14nm BEOL technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Kwangsoo; Kahng, Andrew B.; Lee, Hyein; Wang, Lutong

2015-10-01

Self-aligned multiple patterning (SAMP), due to its low overlay error, has emerged as the leading option for 1D gridded back-end-of-line (BEOL) in sub-14nm nodes. To form actual routing patterns from a uniform "sea of wires", a cut mask is needed for line-end cutting or realization of space between routing segments. Constraints on cut shapes and minimum cut spacing result in end-of-line (EOL) extensions and non-functional (i.e. dummy fill) patterns; the resulting capacitance and timing changes must be consistent with signoff performance analyses and their impacts should be minimized. In this work, we address the co-optimization of cut mask layout, dummy fill, and design timing for sub-14nm BEOL design. Our central contribution is an optimizer based on integer linear programming (ILP) to minimize the timing impact due to EOL extensions, considering (i) minimum cut spacing arising in sub-14nm nodes; (ii) cut assignment to different cut masks (color assignment); and (iii) the eligibility to merge two unit-size cuts into a bigger cut. We also propose a heuristic approach to remove dummy fills after the ILP-based optimization by extending the usage of cut masks. Our heuristic can improve critical path performance under minimum metal density and mask density constraints. In our experiments, we study the impact of number of cut masks, minimum cut spacing and metal density under various constraints. Our studies of optimized cut mask solutions in these varying contexts give new insight into the tradeoff of performance and cost that is afforded by cut mask patterning technology options.

Double Blind Test For Bio-Stimulation Effects On Pain Relief By Diode Laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saeki, Norio; Sembokuya, Iwajiro; Arakawa, Kazuo; Fujimasa, Iwao; Mabuchi, Kunihiko; Abe, Yuusuke; Atsumi, Kazuhiko

1989-09-01

The bio-stimulation effect of semiconductor laser on therapeutic pain relief was investigated by conducting a double blind test performed on more than one hundred patient subjects suffering from various neualgia. A compact laser therapeutic equipment with two laser probes each having 60 mW power was developed and utilized for the experiment. Each probe was driven by either the active or the dummy source selected randomly, and its results were stored in the memory for statistical processing. The therapeutic treatments including active and dummy treatments were performed on 102 subjects. The pain relief effects were confirmed for 85.5% of the subjects.

Discrete factor approximations in simultaneous equation models: estimating the impact of a dummy endogenous variable on a continuous outcome.

PubMed

Mroz, T A

1999-10-01

This paper contains a Monte Carlo evaluation of estimators used to control for endogeneity of dummy explanatory variables in continuous outcome regression models. When the true model has bivariate normal disturbances, estimators using discrete factor approximations compare favorably to efficient estimators in terms of precision and bias; these approximation estimators dominate all the other estimators examined when the disturbances are non-normal. The experiments also indicate that one should liberally add points of support to the discrete factor distribution. The paper concludes with an application of the discrete factor approximation to the estimation of the impact of marriage on wages.

Consistent differences in individual reactions to drugs and dummies

PubMed Central

Joyce, C. R. B.

1959-01-01

The tendency of some individuals to report changes of physical and mental state after taking pharmacologically inert substances has been investigated experimentally. In a class of healthy medical students, those individuals who reported symptoms and those who did not made significantly different scores on a number of behavioural tests. The likely reactions of the members of a second class (containing none of the previous participants) to dummies were then predicted from their scores on the same tests, some of which were found to be much more efficient predictors than would have been expected by chance. Some implications for further research and for clinical medicine are discussed. PMID:14408028

Oral continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) following nasal injury in a preterm infant.

PubMed

Carlisle, H R; Kamlin, C O F; Owen, L S; Davis, P G; Morley, C J

2010-03-01

Non-invasive respiratory support is increasingly popular but is associated with complications including nasal trauma. The present report describes a novel method of oral continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivery in an extremely premature infant with severe nasal septum erosion. The distal end of a cut down endotracheal tube was passed through a small hole made in the teat of a dummy (infant pacifier) and sutured in place. The dummy was secured in the infant's mouth and CPAP was delivered to the pharynx. The device was well tolerated and the infant was successfully managed using this technique for 48 days, avoiding endotracheal intubation and ventilation.

Boeing CST-100 Starliner Seat Test

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-02-21

Engineers working with Boeing's CST-100 Starliner test the spacecraft's seat design in Mesa, Arizona, focusing on how the spacecraft seats would protect an astronaut's head, neck and spine during the 240-mile descent from the International Space Station. The company incorporated test dummies for a detailed analysis of impacts on a crew returning to earth. The human-sized dummies were equipped with sensitive instrumentation and secured in the seats for 30 drop tests at varying heights, angles, velocities and seat orientations in order to mimic actual landing conditions. High-speed cameras captured the footage for further analysis. The Starliner spacecraft is being developed in partnership with NASA's Commercial Crew Program.

Mechanical qualification of the support structure for MQXF, the Nb 3Sn low-β quadrupole for the high luminosity LHC

DOE PAGES

Juchno, M.; Ambrosio, G.; Anerella, M.; ...

2016-01-26

Within the scope of the High Luminosity LHC project, the collaboration between CERN and U.S. LARP is developing new low-β quadrupoles using the Nb 3Sn superconducting technology for the upgrade of the LHC interaction regions. The magnet support structure of the first short model was designed and two units were fabricated and tested at CERN and at LBNL. The structure provides the preload to the collars-coils subassembly by an arrangement of outer aluminum shells pre-tensioned with water-pressurized bladders. For the mechanical qualification of the structure and the assembly procedure, superconducting coils were replaced with solid aluminum “dummy coils”, the structuremore » was preloaded at room temperature, and then cooled-down to 77 K. Mechanical behavior of the magnet structure was monitored with the use of strain gauges installed on the aluminum shells, the dummy coils and the axial preload system. As a result, this paper reports on the outcome of the assembly and the cool-down tests with dummy coils, which were performed at CERN and at LBNL, and presents the strain gauge measurements compared to the 3D finite element model predictions.« less

Energy Absorbing Seat System for an Agricultural Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kellas, Sotiris; Jones, Lisa E. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A task was initiated to improve the energy absorption capability of an existing aircraft seat through cost-effective retrofitting, while keeping seat-weight increase to a minimum. This task was undertaken as an extension of NASA ongoing safety research and commitment to general aviation customer needs. Only vertical crash scenarios have been considered in this task which required the energy absorbing system to protect the seat occupant in a range of crash speeds up to 31 ft/sec. It was anticipated that, the forward and/or side crash accelerations could be attenuated with the aid of airbags, the technology of which is currently available in automobiles and military helicopters. Steps which were followed include, preliminary crush load determination, conceptual design of cost effective energy absorbers, fabrication and testing (static and dynamic) of energy absorbers, system analysis, design and fabrication of dummy seat/rail assembly, dynamic testing of dummy seat/rail assembly, and finally, testing of actual modified seat system with a dummy occupant. A total of ten full scale tests have been performed including three of the actual aircraft seat. Results from full-scale tests indicated that occupant loads were attenuated successfully to survivable levels.

Vehicle performance evaluation in side impact (MDB) using ES-II dummy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ganessh, T. S.; Bansode, Praveen; Revankar, Vidyakant; Kumar, Sunil

2018-02-01

Side impact collision is one of the leading causes of death. Protection of people during lateral collision is challenging because of relatively small space available to restraint occupant compared to front. Hence, it is imperative to protect the occupants in side collision. It is a function of vehicle type and restraints for side protection. This paper focuses on evaluation of injury parameters of the ES II dummy during the lateral collision of different vehicles with different spaces, sections and materials. Thus the comparison will enable us to understand the sensitivity of space, B-pillar section and material which affects the injury parameters. This study will help automotive engineers to design side impact crashworthy vehicles.

Cranial MRI in a young child with cochlear implants after bilateral magnet removal.

PubMed

Helbig, Silke; Stöver, Timo; Burck, Iris; Kramer, Sabine

2017-12-01

A young bilateral cochlear implant (CI) user required magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the cause of hydrocephalus. The images obtained with the CIs in place were not diagnostically useful due to large artefacts generated by the CI magnets. We obtained useful images by bilaterally explanting the CI-magnets and replacing them with non-magnetic placeholder dummies then conducted the imaging. The artefact in the new images was greatly reduced and the images were diagnostically useful. Lastly, we explanted the dummies and reimplanted the CI-magnets. This procedure should be useful to obtain useful images in CI users. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Highly selective stir bar coated with dummy molecularly imprinted polymers for trace analysis of bisphenol A in milk.

PubMed

Zhan, Wen; Wei, Fangdi; Xu, Guanhong; Cai, Zheng; Du, Shuhu; Zhou, Xuemin; Li, Fei; Hu, Qin

2012-04-01

A water compatible molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) coated stir bar for bisphenol A(BPA) was prepared with 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A as the dummy template molecule in this study. The dummy molecularly imprinted polymers coated stir bar (DMIPs-SB) showed better selectivity than the bars coated with polydimethylsiloxane or non-imprinted polymers when used to extract BPA and its three analogues. The saturated adsorption amount of the DMIPs coating was 3.0 times over that of the non-imprinted polymers coating. To achieve the optimum extraction performance, several parameters, including extraction and desorption time, pH value, adsorption temperature and stirring speed were investigated. The high-performance liquid chromatography combined with the DMIPs-SB was employed in the analysis of BPA in aqueous solution. The linear range of BPA concentration in aqueous medium was 0.0228-2.28 ng/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9994 and the detection limit was about 6.84 × 10(-3) ng/mL based on three times ratio of signal to noise. This method was directly applied to the determination of trace BPA in milk with satisfactory results. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Political economy of transnational water pollution: what do the LMB data (1985-2000) say?

PubMed

Guo, Rongxing; Yang, Kaizhong

2003-10-01

On the basis of the cross-section and time-series data of the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB)--including large sections of Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, and Cambodia, we find little evidence in support of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Instead, our regressions support the general views that water pollution had been positively related to income level and that, as a result of the end of the Cold War era, it had been significantly reduced in the 1990s vis-à-vis the 1980s. In most circumstances, water resources were more seriously polluted in the transnational border areas than in the other areas. Specifically, the estimated coefficients on the political boundary dummies show that political influence on transnational water pollution was more significant in areas near "the international border along which the river runs" (denoted by BORDER2) than in places near "the international border across which the river runs" (denoted by BORDER1). The estimated coefficients on the ASEAN dummy present some information about the positive role of the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) membership in the reduction of transnational water pollution. Finally, the country-specific dummies are found to present conflicting information about the transnational differences of water pollution, although Thailand is found to have the least water pollution in the LMB.

[Pacifier use: risks and benefits].

PubMed

Martínez Sánchez, L; Díaz González, E; García-Tornel Florensa , S; Gaspà Martí , J

2000-12-01

The use of a dummy as a comforting object in childhood is widespread in civilized societies. The advisability of this practice, as well as the shape, material, or time of use of these objects, is controversial. Data on the possible beneficial effects of these objects are numerous, but there is also a long list of disorders which have been associated with their use. Their soothing effect is the most widely recognized beneficial effect and the possible relationship with a lower incidence of sudden infant death syndrome is the newest. The most important risks of this nonnutritive sucking habit are failure of breastfeeding, dental deformities, recurrent acute otitis media, and the risk of accidents. The development of latex allergy, tooth decay, oral ulcers and sleep disorders are other possible problems. The association with a lower intelligence quotient is disputed. Insufficient data are provided by a review of the pros and the cons of dummy use to encourage or discourage this habit. However, there are sufficient data on which to base firm recommendations such as not starting their use in the first days of life, restricting use after the age of 8 months and withdrawing these objects at the age of 1 year. Pediatricians should be aware of and recommend only dummies that meet safety requirements.

Cardiovascular Surgery Residency Program: Training Coronary Anastomosis Using the Arroyo Simulator and UNIFESP Models.

PubMed

Maluf, Miguel Angel; Gomes, Walter José; Bras, Ademir Massarico; Araújo, Thiago Cavalcante Vila Nova de; Mota, André Lupp; Cardoso, Caio Cesar; Coutinho, Rafael Viana dos S

2015-01-01

Engage the UNIFESP Cardiovascular Surgery residents in coronary anastomosis, assess their skills and certify results, using the Arroyo Anastomosis Simulator and UNIFESP surgical models. First to 6th year residents attended a weekly program of technical training in coronary anastomosis, using 4 simulation models: 1. Arroyo simulator; 2. Dummy with a plastic heart; 3. Dummy with a bovine heart; and 4. Dummy with a beating pig heart. The assessment test was comprised of 10 items, using a scale from 1 to 5 points in each of them, creating a global score of 50 points maximum. The technical performance of the candidate showed improvement in all items, especially manual skill and technical progress, critical sense of the work performed, confidence in the procedure and reduction of the time needed to perform the anastomosis after 12 weeks practice. In response to the multiplicity of factors that currently influence the cardiovascular surgeon training, there have been combined efforts to reform the practices of surgical medical training. 1 - The four models of simulators offer a considerable contribution to the field of cardiovascular surgery, improving the skill and dexterity of the surgeon in training. 2 - Residents have shown interest in training and cooperate in the development of innovative procedures for surgical medical training in the art.

Cardiovascular Surgery Residency Program: Training Coronary Anastomosis Using the Arroyo Simulator and UNIFESP Models

PubMed Central

Maluf, Miguel Angel; Gomes, Walter José; Bras, Ademir Massarico; de Araújo, Thiago Cavalcante Vila Nova; Mota, André Lupp; Cardoso, Caio Cesar; Coutinho, Rafael Viana dos S.

2015-01-01

OBJECTIVE Engage the UNIFESP Cardiovascular Surgery residents in coronary anastomosis, assess their skills and certify results, using the Arroyo Anastomosis Simulator and UNIFESP surgical models. METHODS First to 6th year residents attended a weekly program of technical training in coronary anastomosis, using 4 simulation models: 1. Arroyo simulator; 2. Dummy with a plastic heart; 3. Dummy with a bovine heart; and 4. Dummy with a beating pig heart. The assessment test was comprised of 10 items, using a scale from 1 to 5 points in each of them, creating a global score of 50 points maximum. RESULTS The technical performance of the candidate showed improvement in all items, especially manual skill and technical progress, critical sense of the work performed, confidence in the procedure and reduction of the time needed to perform the anastomosis after 12 weeks practice. In response to the multiplicity of factors that currently influence the cardiovascular surgeon training, there have been combined efforts to reform the practices of surgical medical training. CONCLUSION 1 - The four models of simulators offer a considerable contribution to the field of cardiovascular surgery, improving the skill and dexterity of the surgeon in training. 2 - Residents have shown interest in training and cooperate in the development of innovative procedures for surgical medical training in the art. PMID:26735604

Molecularly imprinted polymers with synthetic dummy template for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extracts.

PubMed

Ji, Wenhua; Ma, Xiuli; Xie, Hongkai; Chen, Lingxiao; Wang, Xiao; Zhao, Hengqiang; Huang, Luqi

2014-11-14

Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids (GAs) during the processing of Ginkgo biloba leaves have been prepared. Two dummy template molecule with similar structural skeleton to GAs, 6-methoxysalicylic acid (MOSA, DT-1) and 6-hexadecyloxysalicylic acid (HOSA, DT-2), have been designed and synthesized. The performance of the DMIPs and NIPs were evaluated including selective recognition capacity, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption kinetics. The selective recognition capacity of the three GAs with four analogues on the sorbents illustrated that the DMIPs sorbents have high specificity for GAs. An efficient method based on DMIP-HOSA coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids (GAs) during the processing of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The method showed excellent recoveries (82.5-88.7%) and precision (RSD 0.5-2.6%, n=5) for licorice extracts, Gastrodia elata extracts and pepper extracts spiked at three concentration levels each (50, 100, 200 μg mL(-1)). The results indicated that GAs and standardized Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts could be obtained simultaneously through the DMIP-SPE. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structural Design Strategies for Improved Small Overlap Crashworthiness Performance.

PubMed

Mueller, Becky C; Brethwaite, Andrew S; Zuby, David S; Nolan, Joseph M

2014-11-01

In 2012, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) began a 64 km/h small overlap frontal crash test consumer information test program. Thirteen automakers already have redesigned models to improve test performance. One or more distinct strategies are evident in these redesigns: reinforcement of the occupant compartment, use of energy-absorbing fender structures, and the addition of engagement structures to induce vehicle lateral translation. Each strategy influences vehicle kinematics, posing additional challenges for the restraint systems. The objective of this two-part study was to examine how vehicles were modified to improve small overlap test performance and then to examine how these modifications affect dummy response and restraint system performance. Among eight models tested before and after design changes, occupant compartment intrusion reductions ranged from 6 cm to 45 cm, with the highest reductions observed in models with the largest number of modifications. All redesigns included additional occupant compartment reinforcement, one-third added structures to engage the barrier, and two modified a shotgun load path. Designs with engagement structures produced greater glance-off from the barrier and exhibited lower delta Vs but experienced more lateral outboard motion of the dummy. Designs with heavy reinforcement of the occupant compartment had higher vehicle accelerations and delta V. In three cases, these apparent trade-offs were not well addressed by concurrent changes in restraint systems and resulted in increased injury risk compared with the original tests. Among the 36 models tested after design changes, the extent of design changes correlated to structural performance. Half of the vehicles with the lowest intrusion levels incorporated aspects of all three design strategies. Vehicle kinematics and dummy and restraint system characteristics were similar to those observed in the before/after pairs. Different combinations of structural improvement strategies for improving small overlap test performance were found to be effective in reducing occupant compartment intrusion and improving dummy kinematics in the IIHS small overlap test with modest weight increase.

Objective biofidelity rating of a numerical human occupant model in frontal to lateral impact.

PubMed

de Lange, Ronald; van Rooij, Lex; Mooi, Herman; Wismans, Jac

2005-11-01

Both hardware crash dummies and mathematical human models have been developed largely using the same biomechanical data. For both, biofidelity is a main requirement. Since numerical modeling is not bound to hardware crash dummy design constraints, it allows more detailed modeling of the human and offering biofidelity for multiple directions. In this study the multi-directional biofidelity of the MADYMO human occupant model is assessed, to potentially protect occupants under various impact conditions. To evaluate the model's biofidelity, generally accepted requirements were used for frontal and lateral impact: tests proposed by EEVC and NHTSA and tests specified by ISO TR9790, respectively. A subset of the specified experiments was simulated with the human model. For lateral impact, the results were objectively rated according to the ISO protocol. Since no rating protocol was available for frontal impact, the ISO rating scheme for lateral was used for frontal, as far as possible. As a result, two scores show the overall model biofidelity for frontal and lateral impact, while individual ratings provide insight in the quality on body segment level. The results were compared with the results published for the THOR and WorldSID dummies, showing that the mathematical model exhibits a high level of multi-directional biofidelity. In addition, the performance of the human model in the NBDL 11G oblique test indicates a valid behavior of the model in intermediate directions as well. A new aspect of this study is the objective assessment of the multi-directional biofidelity of the mathematical human model according to accepted requirements. Although hardware dummies may always be used in regulations, it is expected that virtual testing with human models will serve in extrapolating outside the hardware test environment. This study was a first step towards simulating a wider range of impact conditions, such as angled impact and rollover.

Frontal sled tests comparing rear and forward facing child restraints with 1-3 year old dummies.

PubMed

Sherwood, C P; Crandall, J R

2007-01-01

Although most countries recommend transitioning children from rear facing (RF) to forward facing (FF) child restraints at one year of age, Swedish data suggests that RF restraints are more effective. The objective of this study was to compare RF and FF orientations in frontal sled tests. Four dummies (CRABI 12 mo, Q1.5, Hybrid III 3 yr, and Q3) were used to represent children from 1 to 3 years of age. Restraint systems tested included both 1) LATCH and 2) rigid ISOFIX with support leg designs. Rear facing restraints with support legs provided the best results for all injury measures, while RF restraints in general provided the lowest chest displacements and neck loads.

Development of a continuous motorcycle protection barrier system using computer simulation and full-scale crash testing.

PubMed

Atahan, Ali O; Hiekmann, J Marten; Himpe, Jeffrey; Marra, Joseph

2018-07-01

Road restraint systems are designed to minimize the undesirable effects of roadside accidents and improve safety of road users. These systems are utilized at either side or median section of roads to contain and redirect errant vehicles. Although restraint systems are mainly designed against car, truck and bus impacts there is an increasing pressure by the motorcycle industry to incorporate motorcycle protection systems into these systems. In this paper development details of a new and versatile motorcycle barrier, CMPS, coupled with an existing vehicle barrier is presented. CMPS is intended to safely contain and redirect motorcyclists during a collision event. First, crash performance of CMPS design is evaluated by means of a three dimensional computer simulation program LS-DYNA. Then full-scale crash tests are used to verify the acceptability of CMPS design. Crash tests were performed at CSI proving ground facility using a motorcycle dummy in accordance with prEN 1317-8 specification. Full-scale crash test results show that CMPS is able to successfully contain and redirect dummy with minimal injury risk on the dummy. Damage on the barrier is also minimal proving the robustness of the CMPS design. Based on the test findings and further review by the authorities the implementation of CMPS was recommended at highway system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preparation of dummy template imprinted polymers at surface of silica microparticles for the selective extraction of trace bisphenol A from water samples.

PubMed

Zhao, Wenhui; Sheng, Na; Zhu, Rong; Wei, Fangdi; Cai, Zheng; Zhai, Meijuan; Du, Shuhu; Hu, Qin

2010-07-15

Molecularly imprinted polymers for bisphenol A (BPA) were prepared by using surface molecular imprinting technique. Analogues of BPA, namely 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl and 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A, were used as the dummy templates instead of BPA, to avoid the leakage of a trace amount of the target analyte (BPA). The resulting dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) showed the large sorption capacity, high recognition ability and fast binding kinetics for BPA. The maximal sorption capacity was up to 958 micromol g(-1), and it only took 40 min for DMIPs to achieve the sorption equilibrium. The DMIPs were successfully applied to the solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC/UV for the determination of BPA in water samples. The calibration graph of the analytical method was linear with a correlation coefficient more than 0.999 in the concentration range of 0.0760-0.912 ng mL(-1) of BPA. The limit of detection was 15.2 pg mL(-1) (S/N=3). Recoveries were in the range of 92.9-102% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 11%. The trace amounts of BPA in tap water, drinking water, rain and leachate of one-off tableware were determined by the method built, and the satisfactory results were obtained. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

"Zero-Mass" Noninvasive Pressure Transducers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartley, Frank T.

2009-01-01

Extremely lightweight, compact, noninvasive, rugged, relatively inexpensive strain-gauge transducers have been developed for use in measuring pressures of fluids in tubes. These gauges were originally intended for measuring pressures of spacecraft-propulsion fluids, but they are also attractive for use in numerous terrestrial applications especially those involving fluids that are extremely chemically reactive, fluids that must be isolated for hygienic purposes, fluids that must be allowed to flow without obstruction, and fluid-containing tubes exposed to severe environments. A basic pressure transducer of this type comprises one or more pair(s) of thin-film strain gauges integral with a tube that contains the fluid of interest. Following established strain-gauge practice, the gauges in each pair are connected into opposite arms of a Wheatstone bridge (see figure). Typically, each pressure transducer includes one pair (the active pair) of strain gauges for measuring the hoop stress proportional to the pressure of the fluid in the tube and another pair (the dummy pair) of strain gauges that are nominally unstrained: The dummy gauges are mounted on a substrate that is made of the same material as that of the tube. The substrate is welded to the tube at only one spot so that stresses and strains are not coupled from the tube into the substrate. The dummy strain gauges measure neutral strains (basically, strains associated with thermal expansion), so that the neutral-strain contribution can be subtracted out of the final gauge reading.

Comparison of current ATDs with Chinese adults in anthropometry.

PubMed

Cao, Libo; Zhang, Kai; Lv, Xin; Yan, Lingbo

2016-05-18

Crash test dummies are full-scale anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) that simulate the dimensions, weight proportions, and articulation of the human body and are used to measure human injury potential in vehicle crashes. The Hybrid III dummy family, which is widely used currently, takes selected percentiles of anthropometry dimensions of U.S. adults as design references. The objective of this study was to assess the difference in anthropometry between Chinese adults and the currently used dummy. Based on the Chinese National Physical Fitness Surveillance of the year 2000, 2005, 2010 and National Standard of China GB/T 10000-1988, a series of anthropometric parameters for Chinese adults were obtained, and data analysis was conducted between Chinese adults and ATDs that are currently used. The comparison revealed distinct anthropometric difference between ATDs and Chinese adults. Based on the latest data, median Chinese females were about 2.6% lower in stature and about 8.03% lower in body weight than the ATD design targets. Similarly, median Chinese males were about 3.48% shorter and weighed 11.89% less than the ATD design targets. Although the anthropometric differences between Chinese adults and the Hybrid III ATD specifications were modest and growing smaller, it is advisable to take the differences in anthropometry between ATDs and Chinese adults into consideration when developing new vehicles in China to provide effective protection specifically for Chinese occupants.

Artificial fingerprint recognition by using optical coherence tomography with autocorrelation analysis.

PubMed

Cheng, Yezeng; Larin, Kirill V

2006-12-20

Fingerprint recognition is one of the most widely used methods of biometrics. This method relies on the surface topography of a finger and, thus, is potentially vulnerable for spoofing by artificial dummies with embedded fingerprints. In this study, we applied the optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique to distinguish artificial materials commonly used for spoofing fingerprint scanning systems from the real skin. Several artificial fingerprint dummies made from household cement and liquid silicone rubber were prepared and tested using a commercial fingerprint reader and an OCT system. While the artificial fingerprints easily spoofed the commercial fingerprint reader, OCT images revealed the presence of them at all times. We also demonstrated that an autocorrelation analysis of the OCT images could be potentially used in automatic recognition systems.

Genotype-environment interaction in passive avoidance learning of the paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis).

PubMed

Csányi, V; Gervai, J

1985-01-01

Passive dark avoidance conditioning and effects of the presence and absence of a fish-like dummy on the training process were studied in four inbred strains of paradise fish. Strain differences were found in the shuttle activity during habituation trials, and in the sensitivity to the mild electric shock punishment. The presence or absence of the dummy in the punished dark side of the shuttle box had a genotype-dependent effect on the measures taken during the conditioning process. The statistical analysis of the learning curves revealed differences in the way the strains varied in the different environments, i.e. genotype--environment interaction components of variances were identified. The results are discussed in the light of previous investigations and their implication in further genetic analysis.

Artificial fingerprint recognition by using optical coherence tomography with autocorrelation analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Yezeng; Larin, Kirill V.

2006-12-01

Fingerprint recognition is one of the most widely used methods of biometrics. This method relies on the surface topography of a finger and, thus, is potentially vulnerable for spoofing by artificial dummies with embedded fingerprints. In this study, we applied the optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique to distinguish artificial materials commonly used for spoofing fingerprint scanning systems from the real skin. Several artificial fingerprint dummies made from household cement and liquid silicone rubber were prepared and tested using a commercial fingerprint reader and an OCT system. While the artificial fingerprints easily spoofed the commercial fingerprint reader, OCT images revealed the presence of them at all times. We also demonstrated that an autocorrelation analysis of the OCT images could be potentially used in automatic recognition systems.

The influence of a smoking ban on the profitability of Belgian restaurants.

PubMed

De Schoenmaker, Sofie; Van Cauwenberge, Philippe; Vander Bauwhede, Heidi

2013-05-01

To examine whether the nationwide smoking ban, imposed in 2007, had an impact on the profitability of Belgian restaurants. Objective financial reporting data on 1613 restaurants were analysed with return on assets as the outcome measure. The data were collected from the Belfirst database and cover the period 2004-2009. To assess the impact of the smoking ban, a differences-in-differences estimation method was used, with bars serving as the control group. The regression model was estimated, while controlling for firm-specific characteristics and unobserved firm-level heterogeneity. The variable of interest is the interaction between the smoking ban dummy and the dummy for the treatment group. The coefficient of this variable is insignificant. The adoption of the nationwide smoking ban did not affect the profitability of Belgian restaurants.

Robust boundary treatment for open-channel flows in divergence-free incompressible SPH

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pahar, Gourabananda; Dhar, Anirban

2017-03-01

A robust Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) framework is developed to simulate specified inflow and outflow boundary conditions for open-channel flow. Being purely divergence-free, the framework offers smoothed and structured pressure distribution. An implicit treatment of Pressure Poison Equation and Dirichlet boundary condition is applied on free-surface to minimize error in velocity-divergence. Beyond inflow and outflow threshold, multiple layers of dummy particles are created according to specified boundary condition. Inflow boundary acts as a soluble wave-maker. Fluid particles beyond outflow threshold are removed and replaced with dummy particles with specified boundary velocity. The framework is validated against different cases of open channel flow with different boundary conditions. The model can efficiently capture flow evolution and vortex generation for random geometry and variable boundary conditions.

Aspect Ratio Model for Radiation-Tolerant Dummy Gate-Assisted n-MOSFET Layout.

PubMed

Lee, Min Su; Lee, Hee Chul

2014-01-01

In order to acquire radiation-tolerant characteristics in integrated circuits, a dummy gate-assisted n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (DGA n-MOSFET) layout was adopted. The DGA n-MOSFET has a different channel shape compared with the standard n-MOSFET. The standard n-MOSFET has a rectangular channel shape, whereas the DGA n-MOSFET has an extended rectangular shape at the edge of the source and drain, which affects its aspect ratio. In order to increase its practical use, a new aspect ratio model is proposed for the DGA n-MOSFET and this model is evaluated through three-dimensional simulations and measurements of the fabricated devices. The proposed aspect ratio model for the DGA n-MOSFET exhibits good agreement with the simulation and measurement results.

Aspect Ratio Model for Radiation-Tolerant Dummy Gate-Assisted n-MOSFET Layout

PubMed Central

Lee, Min Su; Lee, Hee Chul

2014-01-01

In order to acquire radiation-tolerant characteristics in integrated circuits, a dummy gate-assisted n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (DGA n-MOSFET) layout was adopted. The DGA n-MOSFET has a different channel shape compared with the standard n-MOSFET. The standard n-MOSFET has a rectangular channel shape, whereas the DGA n-MOSFET has an extended rectangular shape at the edge of the source and drain, which affects its aspect ratio. In order to increase its practical use, a new aspect ratio model is proposed for the DGA n-MOSFET and this model is evaluated through three-dimensional simulations and measurements of the fabricated devices. The proposed aspect ratio model for the DGA n-MOSFET exhibits good agreement with the simulation and measurement results. PMID:27350975

49 CFR 572.180 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES ES-2re Side Impact Crash... 50th Percentile Adult Male Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, February 2008,” incorporated by reference in...

49 CFR 572.180 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 2re Side Impact Crash Test... 50th Percentile Adult Male Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, February 2008,” incorporated by reference in...

49 CFR 572.180 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES ES-2re Side Impact Crash... 50th Percentile Adult Male Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, February 2008,” incorporated by reference in...

Dummy Measurement of Chest Injuries Induced by Two-Point Shoulder Belts

PubMed Central

Augenstein, J.; Perdeck, E.; Bowen, J.; Stratton, J.; Horton, T.; Singer, M.; Digges, K.; Malliaris, A.; Steps, J.

2000-01-01

The University of Miami’s William Lehman Injury Research Center at the Jackson Memorial Medical Center conducts interdisciplinary investigations to study seriously injured restrained occupants in frontal automobile collisions. Engineering analysis of these crashes is conducted in conjunction with the National Crash Analysis Center at the George Washington University. The multidisciplinary research team includes expertise in crash investigation, crash reconstruction, computer graphics, biomechanics of injuries, crash data analysis, trauma care, and all of the medical specialties associated with the Ryder Trauma Center at Jackson Memorial Hospital. More than 350 injured occupants and their crashes have been studied in depth. The purpose of this paper is to report on an observed pattern of liver lacerations suffered by drivers wearing shoulder belts, without the lap belt fastened and to assess the ability of existing crash test dummies to measure the potential for these injuries. During the initial years of the study, 48 cases of drivers protected by shoulder belts but without the lap belt fastened met the criteria for the study. Fifty percent of these drivers suffered liver lacerations. Further study showed that 22 of the crashes involved damage to the right front of the vehicle. Among the drivers in vehicles with right front damage, 92% sustained injuries to the liver. This observation indicated that 2-point belts were most likely to produce liver injuries in low severity frontal collisions when the crash direction is 1 to 2 o’clock. An analysis of the National Accident Sampling System for the years 1988-95 indicated that liver injuries constitute about 0.5% of the injuries suffered by drivers who are in tow-away crashes. NASS data showed that the risk of chest injury is more likely among drivers with automatic shoulder belts than drivers with 3-point manual belts. The crash test dummies showed no difference in chest injury measures. Finite element computer modeling demonstrated that the high deflection of the right lower rib on the Hybrid III dummy predicts the liver injuries in the 1 o’clock crashes. These higher deflections were less apparent at the location of the center chest deflection measurement device on the Hybrid III. PMID:11558077

Dummy measurement of chest injuries induced by two-point shoulder belts.

PubMed

Augenstein, J; Perdeck, E; Bowen, J; Stratton, J; Horton, T; Singer, M; Digges, K; Malliaris, A; Steps, J

2000-01-01

The University of Miami's William Lehman Injury Research Center at the Jackson Memorial Medical Center conducts interdisciplinary investigations to study seriously injured restrained occupants in frontal automobile collisions. Engineering analysis of these crashes is conducted in conjunction with the National Crash Analysis Center at the George Washington University. The multidisciplinary research team includes expertise in crash investigation, crash reconstruction, computer graphics, biomechanics of injuries, crash data analysis, trauma care, and all of the medical specialties associated with the Ryder Trauma Center at Jackson Memorial Hospital. More than 350 injured occupants and their crashes have been studied in depth. The purpose of this paper is to report on an observed pattern of liver lacerations suffered by drivers wearing shoulder belts, without the lap belt fastened and to assess the ability of existing crash test dummies to measure the potential for these injuries. During the initial years of the study, 48 cases of drivers protected by shoulder belts but without the lap belt fastened met the criteria for the study. Fifty percent of these drivers suffered liver lacerations. Further study showed that 22 of the crashes involved damage to the right front of the vehicle. Among the drivers in vehicles with right front damage, 92% sustained injuries to the liver. This observation indicated that 2-point belts were most likely to produce liver injuries in low severity frontal collisions when the crash direction is 1 to 2 o'clock. An analysis of the National Accident Sampling System for the years 1988-95 indicated that liver injuries constitute about 0.5% of the injuries suffered by drivers who are in tow-away crashes. NASS data showed that the risk of chest injury is more likely among drivers with automatic shoulder belts than drivers with 3-point manual belts. The crash test dummies showed no difference in chest injury measures. Finite element computer modeling demonstrated that the high deflection of the right lower rib on the Hybrid III dummy predicts the liver injuries in the 1 o'clock crashes. These higher deflections were less apparent at the location of the center chest deflection measurement device on the Hybrid III.

Dosimetric comparison between proton beam therapy and photon radiation therapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Hirano, Yasuhiro; Onozawa, Masakatsu; Hojo, Hidehiro; Motegi, Atsushi; Zenda, Sadatomo; Hotta, Kenji; Moriya, Shunsuke; Tachibana, Hidenobu; Nakamura, Naoki; Kojima, Takashi; Akimoto, Tetsuo

2018-02-09

The purpose of this study was to perform a dosimetric comparison between proton beam therapy (PBT) and photon radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who were treated with PBT in our institution. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between toxicities and dosimetric parameters, especially the doses to normal lung or heart tissue, to clarify the clinical advantage of PBT over photon radiation therapy. A total of 37 consecutive patients with Stage III thoracic ESCC who had received PBT with or without concurrent chemotherapy between October 2012 and December 2015 were evaluated in this study. The dose distributions of PBT were compared with those of dummy 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), focusing especially on the doses to organs at risk, such as normal lung and heart tissue. Of the 37 patients, the data from 27 patients were analyzed. Among these 27 patients, four patients (15%) developed grade 2 pericardial effusion as a late toxicity. None of the patients developed grade 3 or worse acute or late pulmonary and cardiac toxicities. When the dosimetric parameters between PBT and planned 3DCRT were compared, all the PBT domestic variables for the lung dose except for lung V10 GyE and V15 GyE were significantly lower than those for the dummy 3DCRT plans, and the PBT domestic variables for the heart dose were also significantly lower than those for the dummy 3DCRT plans. When the PBT and IMRT plans were compared, all the PBT domestic variables for the doses to the lung and heart were significantly lower than those for the dummy IMRT plans. Regarding the correlation between the grades of toxicities and the dosimetric parameters, no significant correlation was seen between the occurrence of grade 2 pericardial effusion and the dose to the heart. When the dosimetric parameters of the dose distributions for the treatment of patients with locally advanced stage III ESCC were compared between PBT and 3DCRT or IMRT, PBT enabled a significant reduction in the dose to the lung and heart, compared with 3DCRT or IMRT.

Dosimetric comparison between proton beam therapy and photon radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

PubMed

Wu, Chen-Ta; Motegi, Atsushi; Motegi, Kana; Hotta, Kenji; Kohno, Ryosuke; Tachibana, Hidenobu; Kumagai, Motoki; Nakamura, Naoki; Hojo, Hidehiro; Niho, Seiji; Goto, Koichi; Akimoto, Tetsuo

2016-08-10

To assess the feasibility of proton beam therapy for the patients with locally advanced non-small lung cancer. The dosimetry was analyzed retrospectively to calculate the doses to organs at risk, such as the lung, heart, esophagus and spinal cord. A dosimetric comparison between proton beam therapy and dummy photon radiotherapy (three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy) plans was performed. Dummy intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans were also generated for the patients for whom curative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy plans could not be generated. Overall, 33 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer were treated with proton beam therapy between December 2011 and August 2014. The median age of the eligible patients was 67 years (range: 44-87 years). All the patients were treated with chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin/vinorelbine or carboplatin. The median prescribed dose was 60 GyE (range: 60-66 GyE). The mean normal lung V20 GyE was 23.6% (range: 14.9-32%), and the mean normal lung dose was 11.9 GyE (range: 6.0-19 GyE). The mean esophageal V50 GyE was 25.5% (range: 0.01-63.6%), the mean heart V40 GyE was 13.4% (range: 1.4-29.3%) and the mean maximum spinal cord dose was 40.7 GyE (range: 22.9-48 GyE). Based on dummy three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning, 12 patients were regarded as not being suitable for radical thoracic three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. All the dose parameters of proton beam therapy, except for the esophageal dose, were lower than those for the dummy three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy plans. In comparison to the intensity-modulated radiotherapy plan, proton beam therapy also achieved dose reduction in the normal lung. None of the patients experienced grade 4 or worse non-hematological toxicities. Proton beam therapy for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer was feasible and was superior to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for several dosimetric parameters. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Occupant Motion Sensors

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-03-01

An analysis was made of methods for measuring vehicle occupant motion during crash or impact conditions. The purpose of the measurements is to evaluate restraint performance using human, anthropometric dummy, or animal occupants. A detailed Fourier f...

49 CFR 572.111 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy... before being used in vehicle tests specified in Standard 201. (c) Disassembly, inspection and assembly..., “Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing.” ...

A Sparsity-Based Approach to 3D Binaural Sound Synthesis Using Time-Frequency Array Processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cobos, Maximo; Lopez, JoseJ; Spors, Sascha

2010-12-01

Localization of sounds in physical space plays a very important role in multiple audio-related disciplines, such as music, telecommunications, and audiovisual productions. Binaural recording is the most commonly used method to provide an immersive sound experience by means of headphone reproduction. However, it requires a very specific recording setup using high-fidelity microphones mounted in a dummy head. In this paper, we present a novel processing framework for binaural sound recording and reproduction that avoids the use of dummy heads, which is specially suitable for immersive teleconferencing applications. The method is based on a time-frequency analysis of the spatial properties of the sound picked up by a simple tetrahedral microphone array, assuming source sparseness. The experiments carried out using simulations and a real-time prototype confirm the validity of the proposed approach.

Orion Crew Member Injury Predictions during Land and Water Landings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawrence, Charles; Littell, Justin D.; Fasanella, Edwin L.; Tabiei, Ala

2008-01-01

A review of astronaut whole body impact tolerance is discussed for land or water landings of the next generation manned space capsule named Orion. LS-DYNA simulations of Orion capsule landings are performed to produce a low, moderate, and high probability of injury. The paper evaluates finite element (FE) seat and occupant simulations for assessing injury risk for the Orion crew and compares these simulations to whole body injury models commonly referred to as the Brinkley criteria. The FE seat and crash dummy models allow for varying the occupant restraint systems, cushion materials, side constraints, flailing of limbs, and detailed seat/occupant interactions to minimize landing injuries to the crew. The FE crash test dummies used in conjunction with the Brinkley criteria provides a useful set of tools for predicting potential crew injuries during vehicle landings.

Validation of Finite Element Crash Test Dummy Models for Predicting Orion Crew Member Injuries During a Simulated Vehicle Landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tabiei, Al; Lawrence, Charles; Fasanella, Edwin L.

2009-01-01

A series of crash tests were conducted with dummies during simulated Orion crew module landings at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. These tests consisted of several crew configurations with and without astronaut suits. Some test results were collected and are presented. In addition, finite element models of the tests were developed and are presented. The finite element models were validated using the experimental data, and the test responses were compared with the computed results. Occupant crash data, such as forces, moments, and accelerations, were collected from the simulations and compared with injury criteria to assess occupant survivability and injury. Some of the injury criteria published in the literature is summarized for completeness. These criteria were used to determine potential injury during crew impact events.

Alterations in MAST suit pressure with changes in ambient temperature.

PubMed

Sanders, A B; Meislin, H W; Daub, E

1983-01-01

A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that change in ambient air temperature has an effect on MAST suit pressure according to the ideal gas law. Two different MAST suits were tested on Resusci-Annie dummies. The MAST suits were applied in a cold room at 4.4 degrees C and warmed to 44 degrees C. Positive linear correlations were found in nine trials, but the two suits differed in their rate of increase in pressure. Three trials using humans were conducted showing increased pressure with temperature but at a lesser rate than with dummies. A correlation of 0.5 to 1.0 mm Hg increase in MAST suit pressure for each 1.0 degrees C increase in ambient temperature was found. Implications are discussed for the use of the MAST suit in environmental conditions where the temperature changes.

Patterns produced when soil is transferred to bras by placing and dragging actions: The application of digital photography and image processing to support visible observations.

PubMed

Murray, Kathleen R; Fitzpatrick, Robert W; Bottrill, Ralph; Kobus, Hilton

2017-07-01

A series of soil transference experiments (STEs) were undertaken to determine whether patterns identified in laboratory experiments could also be recognised at a simulated crime scene in the field. A clothed 55kg human rescue dummy dressed in a padded bra was either dragged or merely placed on a soil surface at sites with natural and anthropogenic soil types under both wet and dry soil conditions. Transfer patterns produced by dragging compared favourably with those of laboratory experiments. Twelve patterns were identified when a clothed human rescue dummy was dragged across the two soil types in the field. This expanded the original set of eight soil transfer patterns identified from dragging weighted fabric across soil samples in the laboratory. Soil transferred by placing the human rescue dummy resulted in a set of six transfer patterns that were different to those produced by dragging. By comparing trace soil patterns transferred to bras using each transfer method, it was revealed that certain transfer patterns on bras could indicate how the fabric had made contact with a soil surface. A photographic method was developed for crime scene examiners to capture this often subtle soil evidence before a body is transported or the clothing removed. This improved understanding of the dynamics of soil transference to bras and related clothing fabric may assist forensic investigators reconstruct the circumstances of a variety of forensic events. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dummy molecularly imprinted microbeads as solid-phase extraction material for selective determination of phthalate esters in water.

PubMed

Özer, Elif Tümay; Osman, Bilgen; Yazıcı, Tuğçe

2017-06-02

The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of newly synthesized dummy molecularly imprinted microbeads (DMIMs) as a solid phase extraction (SPE) material to determine six phthalate esters (PEs) in water by GC-MS analysis. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) was used as a dummy template to prepare poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate N-methacryloyl-l-tryptophan methyl ester) [PEMATrp)] DMIMs by using suspension polymerization. The PEMATrp DMIMs were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Firstly, the adsorption capacities of the DMIMs prepared in different template molecule (DEP) to functional monomer (MATrp) ratios were investigated by using DEP solutions in the concentration range of 1-500mg/L at pH 3.0. Styrene and vanillic acid were used to evaluate the selectivity of the prepared DMIMs towards the template molecule (DEP). Then, the best analytical conditions were investigated for the simultaneous determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) in aqueous media by using the PEMATrp DMIMs as SPE material. Validation experiments showed that the PEMATrp DMIMs-SPE method had good linearity at 12.5-250.0μg/L (0.988-0.999), good precision (1.2-5.9%), and limits of detection in a range of 0.31-0.41μg/L. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The effect of QBO on foE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Atıcı, Ramazan; Sağır, Selçuk

2017-07-01

In the present work, the relationship with QBO of difference (ΔfoE = foEmea - foEIRI) between critical frequency (foE) values of ionospheric E-region, measured at Darwin and Casos Island stations and calculated by IRI-2012 ionospheric model, is statistically investigated. A multiple regression model is used as statistical tool. The ;Dummy; variables (;DummyWest; and ;DummyEast; represent westerly QBO values and easterly QBO values, respectively) are added to model in order to see the effect of westerly and easterly QBO. In the result of calculations, it is observed that the changes in ΔfoE about 50-52% can be explained by QBO at both stations. The relationship between QBO and ΔfoE is negative at both stations. The change of 1 ms-1 in whole set of QBO leads to a decrease of 0.008 MHz at Casos Island station and 0.017 MHz at Darwin station in ΔfoE. Directions of QBO have an effect on ΔfoE at the Darwin station, but they've not any effect on ΔfoE at Casos Island station. It is thought that the difference values in the foE are due to not to be included in the IRI-model of all parameters affecting the critical frequency value. Thus, QBO which is not included to IRI-model can have an effect on foE and more accurate results can be obtained by IRI model if the QBO is included in this model calculations.

Reasons for Hierarchical Linear Modeling: A Reminder.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Jianjun

1999-01-01

Uses examples of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) at local and national levels to illustrate proper applications of HLM and dummy variable regression. Raises cautions about the circumstances under which hierarchical data do not need HLM. (SLD)

Determination of effective thoracic mass.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-02-01

Effective thoracic mass is a critical parameter in specifying mathematical and mechanical models (such as crash dummies) of humans exposed to impact conditions. A method is developed using a numerical optimizer to determine effective thoracic mass (a...

49 CFR 572.160 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Box Weight, incorporated by reference in §§ 572.161 and 572.165 as part of a complete dummy assembly...-Melbrook, Division of New RT, 18810 Woodfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, (301) 670-0090. (2) [Reserved...

49 CFR 572.78 - Performance test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... plane. (5) Adjust each shoulder yoke so that with its upper surface horizontal, a yoke is at the... rear surfaces of the shoulders and buttocks are tangent to a transverse vertical plane. (d) The dummy's...

49 CFR 572.78 - Performance test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... plane. (5) Adjust each shoulder yoke so that with its upper surface horizontal, a yoke is at the... rear surfaces of the shoulders and buttocks are tangent to a transverse vertical plane. (d) The dummy's...

49 CFR 572.78 - Performance test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... plane. (5) Adjust each shoulder yoke so that with its upper surface horizontal, a yoke is at the... rear surfaces of the shoulders and buttocks are tangent to a transverse vertical plane. (d) The dummy's...

49 CFR 572.78 - Performance test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... plane. (5) Adjust each shoulder yoke so that with its upper surface horizontal, a yoke is at the... rear surfaces of the shoulders and buttocks are tangent to a transverse vertical plane. (d) The dummy's...

49 CFR 572.78 - Performance test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... plane. (5) Adjust each shoulder yoke so that with its upper surface horizontal, a yoke is at the... rear surfaces of the shoulders and buttocks are tangent to a transverse vertical plane. (d) The dummy's...

Dummy and injury criteria for aircraft crashworthiness.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-04-01

Since 1988, newly type-certificated aircraft are required to comply with stringent crashworthiness requirements. Central to these more stringent requirements is a dynamic test that assesses the potential for injury for someone exposed to similar cond...

49 CFR 572.85 - Lumbar spine flexure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 9-Month Old Child § 572.85... flexure test is conducted on a dummy assembly as shown in drawing LP 1049/A, but with the arms (which...

Anthropomorphic dummy positioning and repeatability measurements

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

The purpose of the tests conducted was two fold: (1) To determine if the proposed compliance procedure would provide repeatable results. (2) To see if the requirements can be met without violating the anchorage location requirements specified in FMVS...

Calibration of a Six-Degree-of-Freedom Acceleration Measurement Device

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-12-01

This report describes the calibration of a six-degree-of-freedom acceleration measurement system designed for use in the measurement of linear and angular head accelerations of anthropomorphic dummies during crash tests. The calibration methodology, ...

Method matters: Experimental evidence for shorter avian sperm in faecal compared to abdominal massage samples.

PubMed

Girndt, Antje; Cockburn, Glenn; Sánchez-Tójar, Alfredo; Løvlie, Hanne; Schroeder, Julia

2017-01-01

Birds are model organisms in sperm biology. Previous work in zebra finches, suggested that sperm sampled from males' faeces and ejaculates do not differ in size. Here, we tested this assumption in a captive population of house sparrows, Passer domesticus. We compared sperm length in samples from three collection techniques: female dummy, faecal and abdominal massage samples. We found that sperm were significantly shorter in faecal than abdominal massage samples, which was explained by shorter heads and midpieces, but not flagella. This result might indicate that faecal sampled sperm could be less mature than sperm collected by abdominal massage. The female dummy method resulted in an insufficient number of experimental ejaculates because most males ignored it. In light of these results, we recommend using abdominal massage as a preferred method for avian sperm sampling. Where avian sperm cannot be collected by abdominal massage alone, we advise controlling for sperm sampling protocol statistically.

Reversible integer wavelet transform for blind image hiding method

PubMed Central

Bibi, Nargis; Mahmood, Zahid; Akram, Tallha; Naqvi, Syed Rameez

2017-01-01

In this article, a blind data hiding reversible methodology to embed the secret data for hiding purpose into cover image is proposed. The key advantage of this research work is to resolve the privacy and secrecy issues raised during the data transmission over the internet. Firstly, data is decomposed into sub-bands using the integer wavelets. For decomposition, the Fresnelet transform is utilized which encrypts the secret data by choosing a unique key parameter to construct a dummy pattern. The dummy pattern is then embedded into an approximated sub-band of the cover image. Our proposed method reveals high-capacity and great imperceptibility of the secret embedded data. With the utilization of family of integer wavelets, the proposed novel approach becomes more efficient for hiding and retrieving process. It retrieved the secret hidden data from the embedded data blindly, without the requirement of original cover image. PMID:28498855

CMOS chip planarization by chemical mechanical polishing for a vertically stacked metal MEMS integration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Hocheol; Miller, Michele H.; Bifano, Thomas G.

2004-01-01

In this paper we present the planarization process of a CMOS chip for the integration of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) metal mirror array. The CMOS chip, which comes from a commercial foundry, has a bumpy passivation layer due to an underlying aluminum interconnect pattern (1.8 µm high), which is used for addressing individual micromirror array elements. To overcome the tendency for tilt error in the CMOS chip planarization, the approach is to sputter a thick layer of silicon nitride at low temperature and to surround the CMOS chip with dummy silicon pieces that define a polishing plane. The dummy pieces are first lapped down to the height of the CMOS chip, and then all pieces are polished. This process produced a chip surface with a root-mean-square flatness error of less than 100 nm, including tilt and curvature errors.

Determination of crash test pulses and their application to aircraft seat analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alfaro-Bou, E.; Williams, M. S.; Fasanella, E. L.

1981-01-01

Deceleration time histories (crash pulses) from a series of twelve light aircraft crash tests conducted at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) were analyzed to provide data for seat and airframe design for crashworthiness. Two vertical drop tests at 12.8 m/s (42 ft/s) and 36 G peak deceleration (simulating one of the vertical light aircraft crash pulses) were made using an energy absorbing light aircraft seat prototype. Vertical pelvis acceleration measured in a 50 percentile dummy in the energy absorbing seat were found to be 45% lower than those obtained from the same dummy in a typical light aircraft seat. A hybrid mathematical seat-occupant model was developed using the DYCAST nonlinear finite element computer code and was used to analyze a vertical drop test of the energy absorbing seat. Seat and occupant accelerations predicted by the DYCAST model compared quite favorably with experimental values.

Method for a dummy CD mirror server based on NAS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Muna; Pei, Jing

2002-09-01

With the development of computer network, information sharing is becoming the necessity in human life. The rapid development of CD-ROM and CD-ROM driver techniques makes it possible to issue large database online. After comparing many designs of dummy CD mirror database, which are the embodiment of a main product in CD-ROM database now and in near future, we proposed and realized a new PC based scheme. Our system has the following merits, such as, supporting all kinds of CD format; supporting many network protocol; the independence of mirror network server and the main server; low price, super large capacity, without the need of any special hardware. Preliminarily experiments have verified the validity of the proposed scheme. Encouraged by the promising application future, we are now preparing to put it into market. This paper discusses the design and implement of the CD-ROM server detailedly.

Reconstituting factor concentrates: Defining Evidence of Coaching Non-Experts (DEVICE) in haemophilia--a prospective randomized feasibility study.

PubMed

Bidlingmaier, C; Kurnik, K; Hölscher, G; Kappler, M

2007-09-01

The introduction of new needleless devices as demanded by the US Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has caused problems with the reconstitution of antihaemophilic factor in emergency situations. Our aim therefore was to evaluate the feasibility of a needleless device for reconstitution of antihaemophilic factor for non-haemophilia experts and to define evidence of the need for coaching these physicians via providing two additional photographs illustrating the two key points of the factor reconstitution process. Twenty-eight physicians of a tertiary care university children's hospital were randomized into two groups, either with no further explanation of the reconstitution device or with two additional photographs, showing the two key steps of the procedure. Reconstitution of dummy-factor concentrate was video-taped and evaluated by a blinded helper. Main outcome measure was the successful reconstitution of dummy-factor concentrate and procedure failure respectively. Of the group without explanation of the reconstitution device, only two of 14 physicians were able to reconstitute the dummy-factor concentrate. Of the group receiving two photographs, nine of 14 completed the task successfully (P = 0.0068). The needleless device is not self explaining to non-haemophilia physicians involved in emergency services. Coaching via short to the point instructions as provided by simple visual educational material therefore is crucial to enable these physicians to resolve the expensive emergency drug quickly and correctly. Companies concerned with the production of any devices to dissolve drugs, especially for treatment of rare diseases as haemophilia, therefore should take measures to simplify therapy.

Cross-correlation between the controlled collision environment and real-world motor vehicle collisions: Evaluating the protection of the thoracic side airbag.

PubMed

Gaylor, Luke; Junge, Mirko; Abanteriba, Sylvester

2018-05-19

Thoracic side airbags (tSABs) were integrated into the vehicle fleet to attenuate and distribute forces on the occupant's chest and abdomen, dissipate the impact energy, and move the occupant away from the intruding structure, all of which reduce the risk of injury. This research piece investigates and evaluates the safety performance of the airbag unit by cross-correlating data from a controlled collision environment with field data. We focus exclusively on vehicle-vehicle lateral impacts from the NHTSA's Vehicle Crash Test Database and NASS-CDS database, which are replicated in the controlled environment by the (crabbed) barrier impact. Similar collisions with and without seat-embedded tSABs are matched to each other and the injury risks are compared. Results indicated that dummy-based thoracic injury metrics were significantly lower with tSAB exposure (P <.001). Yet, when the controlled collision environment data were cross-correlated with NASS-CDS collisions, deployment of the tSAB indicated no association with thoracic injury (tho. MAIS 2+ unadjusted relative risk [RR] = 1.14; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-1.62; tho. MAIS 3+ unadjusted RR = 1.12; 90% CI, 0.76-1.65). The data from the controlled collision environment indicated an unequivocal benefit provided by the thoracic side airbag for the crash dummy; however, the real-world collisions demonstrate that no benefit is provided to the occupant. This has resulted from a noncorrelation between the crash test/dummy-based design taking the abstracting process too far to represent the real-world collision scenario.

Crash-test dummy and pendulum impact tests of ice hockey boards: greater displacement does not reduce impact

PubMed Central

Schmitt, Kai-Uwe; Muser, Markus H; Thueler, Hansjuerg; Bruegger, Othmar

2018-01-01

Background One injury mechanism in ice hockey is impact with the boards. We investigated whether more flexible hockey boards would provide less biomechanical loading on impact than did existing (reference) boards. Methods We conducted impact tests with a dynamic pendulum (mass 60 kg) and with crash test dummies (ES-2 dummy, 4.76 m/s impact speed). Outcomes were biomechanical loading experienced by a player in terms of head acceleration, impact force to the shoulder, spine, abdomen and pelvis as well as compression of the thorax. Results The more flexible board designs featured substantial displacement at impact. Some so-called flexible boards were displaced four times more than the reference board. The new boards possessed less stiffness and up to 90 kg less effective mass, reducing the portion of the board mass a player experienced on impact, compared with boards with a conventional design. Flexible boards resulted in a similar or reduced loading for all body regions, apart from the shoulder. The displacement of a board system did not correlate directly with the biomechanical loading. Conclusions Flexible board systems can reduce the loading of a player on impact. However, we found no correlation between the displacement and the biomechanical loading; accordingly, displacement alone was insufficient to characterise the overall loading of a player and thus the risk of injury associated with board impact. Ideally, the performance of boards is assessed on the basis of parameters that show a good correlation to injury risk. PMID:29084724

Head impact mechanisms of a child occupant seated in a child restraint system as determined by impact testing.

PubMed

Yoshida, Ryoichi; Okada, Hiroshi; Nomura, Mitsunori; Mizuno, Koji; Tanaka, Yoshinori; Hosokawa, Naruyuki

2011-11-01

In side collision accidents, the head is the most frequently injured body region for child occupants seated in a child restraint system (CRS). Accident analyses show that a child's head can move out of the CRS shell, make hard contact with the vehicle interior, and thus sustain serious injuries. In order to improve child head protection in side collisions, it is necessary to understand the injury mechanism of a child in the CRS whose head makes contact with the vehicle interior. In this research, an SUV-to-car oblique side crash test was conducted to reconstruct such head contacts. A Q3s child dummy was seated in a CRS in the rear seat of the target car. The Q3s child dummy's head moved out beyond the CRS side wing, moved laterally, and made contact with the side window glass and the doorsill. It was demonstrated that the hard head contact, which produced a high HIC value, could occur in side collisions. A series of sled tests was carried out to reproduce the dummy kinematic behavior observed in the SUV-to-car crash test, and the sled test conditions such as sled angle, ECE seat slant angle and velocity-time history that duplicated the kinematic behavior were determined. A parametric study also was conducted with the sled tests; and it was found that the impact angle, harness slack, chest clip, and the CRS side wing shape affected the torso motion and head contact with the vehicle interior.

Flehmen response in bull: role of vaginal mucus and other body fluids of bovine with special reference to estrus.

PubMed

Sankar, R; Archunan, G

2004-07-30

The present investigation was carried out with a view to evaluate the frequency of Flehmen behaviour in bull in response to body fluids of cows in various stages of the estrous cycle, in the context of estrus detection. The study was performed on free moving bulls under natural conditions. Samples of vaginal mucus, saliva, faeces and milk of pro-estrus, estrus and di-estrus stages collected from donor cows were rubbed individually onto the genital regions of non-estrus animals (dummy cows) and the bulls were observed for 30 min for assessment of Flehmen behaviour. The duration of Flehmen behaviour shown by bulls was maximum towards the dummy cows receiving estrus sample. Such Flehmen behaviour, however, did not occur in bulls in response to the cows receiving samples of other stages. The statistical significance was higher (P < 0.001) in exhibiting repeated Flehmen behaviour towards estrus as compared to those of pro-estrus and di-estrus. Among the various body fluids tested, the exhibition of Flehmen behaviour was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in response to estrus vaginal fluid. No response was observed on dummy cows (control) to which only water was applied on the genital region. The results suggest that vaginal mucus may act as an additional/secondary source along with urine in eliciting copulatary behaviour and executing coitus in bulls during estrus. The results further suggest that in addition to vaginal mucus, other body fluids like saliva, faeces and milk have estrus-related odours and are probably involved in bovine bio-communication.

A new mathematical neck model for a low-velocity rear-end impact dummy: evaluation of components influencing head kinematics.

PubMed

Linder, A

2000-03-01

A mathematical model of a new rear-end impact dummy neck was implemented using MADYMO. The main goal was to design a model with a human-like response of the first extension motion in the crash event. The new dummy neck was modelled as a series of rigid bodies (representing the seven cervical vertebrae and the uppermost thoracic element, T1) connected by pin joints, and supplemented by two muscle substitutes. The joints had non-linear stiffness characteristics and the muscle elements possessed both elastic stiffness and damping properties. The new model was compared with two neck models with the same number of vertebrae, but without muscle substitutes. The properties of the muscle substitutes and the need of these were evaluated by using three different modified neck models. The motion of T1 in the simulations was prescribed using displacement data obtained from volunteer tests. In a sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model the influence of different factors on the head-neck kinematics was evaluated. The neck model was validated against kinematics data from volunteer tests: linear displacement, angular displacement, and acceleration of the head relative to the upper torso at 7 km/h velocity change. The response of the new model was within the corridor of the volunteer tests for the main part of the time history plot. This study showed that a combination of elastic stiffness and damping in the muscle substitutes, together with a non-linear joint stiffness, resulted in a head-neck response similar to human volunteers, and superior to that of other tested neck models.

Full-face motorcycle helmet protection from facial impacts: an investigation using THOR dummy impacts and SIMon finite element head model.

PubMed

Whyte, Thomas; Gibson, Tom; Eager, David; Milthorpe, Bruce

2017-06-01

Facial impacts are both common and injurious for helmeted motorcyclists who crash; however, there is no facial impact requirement in major motorcycle helmet standards. This study examined the effect of full-face motorcycle helmet protection on brain injury risk in facial impacts using a test device with biofidelic head and neck motion. A preliminary investigation of energy absorbing foam in the helmet chin bar was carried out. Flat-faced rigid pendulum impacts were performed on a THOR dummy in an unprotected (no helmet) and protected mode (two full-face helmet conditions). The head responses of the dummy were input into the simulated injury monitor finite element head model to analyse the risk of brain injury in these impacts. Full-face helmet protection provides a significant reduction in brain injury risk in facial impacts at increasing impact speeds compared with an unprotected rider (p<0.05). The effect of low-density crushable foam added to the chin bar could not be distinguished from an unpadded chin bar impact. Despite the lack of an impact attenuation requirement for the face, full-face helmets do provide a reduction in head injury risk to the wearer in facial impacts. The specific helmet design factors that influence head injury risk in facial impacts need further investigation if improved protection for helmeted motorcyclists is to be achieved. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Deflection measurement system for the hybrid iii six-year-old biofidelic abdomen.

PubMed

Gregory, T Stan; Howes, Meghan K; Rouhana, Stephen W; Hardy, Warren N

2012-01-01

Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death for children ages 5 to 14. Enhancement of child occupant protection is partly dependent on the ability to accurately assess the interaction of child-size occupants with restraint systems. Booster seat design and belt fit are evaluated using child anthropomorphic test devices, such as the Hybrid III 6-year-old dummy., A biofidelic abdomen for the Hybrid III 6-year-old dummy is being developed by the Ford Motor Company to enhance the dummy’s ability to assess injury risk and further quantify submarining risk by measuring abdominal deflection. A practical measurement system for the biofidelic abdominal insert has been developed and demonstrated for three dimensional determination of abdominal deflection. Quantification of insert deflection is achieved via differential signal measurement using electrodes mounted within a conductive medium. Signal amplitude is proportional to the distance between the electrodes. A microcontroller is used to calculate distances between ventral electrodes and a dorsal electrode in three dimensions. This system has been calibrated statically, and its performance demonstrated in a series of sled tests. Deflection measurements from the instrumented abdominal insert indicate performance differences between two booster seat designs, yielding an average peak anterior to posterior displacement of the abdomen of 1.0 ± 3.4 mm and 31.2 ± 7.2 mm for the seats, respectively. Implementation of a 6-year-old abdominal insert with the ability to evaluate submarining potential will likely help safety researchers further enhance booster seat design and interaction with vehicle restraint systems , and help to further understand child occupant injury risk in automobile collisions.

Computer tablet-based health technology for strengthening maternal and child tracking in Bihar.

PubMed

Negandhi, Preeti; Chauhan, Monika; Das, Ankan Mukherjee; Sharma, Jyoti; Neogi, Sutapa; Sethy, Ghanashyam

2016-01-01

UNICEF along with the State Government of Bihar launched a computer tablet-based Mother and Child Tracking System (MCTS) in 2014, to capture real-time data online and to minimize the challenges faced with the conventional MCTS. The article reports the process of implementation of tablet-based MCTS in Bihar. In-depth interviews with medical officers, program managers, data managers, auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs), and a monitoring and evaluation specialist were conducted in October 2015 to understand the process of implementation, challenges and possibility for sustainability, and scale-up of the innovation. MCTS innovation was introduced initially in one Primary Health Centre each in Gaya and Purnia districts. The device, supported with Android MCTS software and connected to a dummy server, was given to ANMs. ANMs were trained in its application. The innovation allows real-time data entry, instant uploading, and generation of day-to-day work plans for easy tracking of beneficiaries for providing in-time health-care services. The nonlinking of the dummy server to the national MCTS portal has not lessened the burden of data entry operators, who continue to enter data into the national portal as before. The innovation has been successfully implemented to meet its objective of tracking the beneficiaries. The national database should be linked to the dummy server or visible impact. The model is sustainable if the challenges can be met. Mobile technology offers a tremendous opportunity to strengthen the capacity of frontline workers and clinicians and increase the quality, completeness, and timeliness of delivery of critical health services.

49 CFR 572.111 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false General description. 572.111 Section 572.111 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy...

49 CFR 572.111 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General description. 572.111 Section 572.111 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy...

49 CFR 572.111 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false General description. 572.111 Section 572.111 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy...

49 CFR 572.114 - Thorax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Thorax. 572.114 Section 572.114 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy 50th...

49 CFR 572.40 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.40 Section 572.40 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

49 CFR 572.111 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false General description. 572.111 Section 572.111 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy...

49 CFR 572.114 - Thorax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Thorax. 572.114 Section 572.114 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy 50th...

49 CFR 572.40 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.40 Section 572.40 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

49 CFR 572.114 - Thorax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Thorax. 572.114 Section 572.114 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy 50th...

49 CFR 572.40 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.40 Section 572.40 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

49 CFR 572.114 - Thorax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Thorax. 572.114 Section 572.114 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy 50th...

49 CFR 572.114 - Thorax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Thorax. 572.114 Section 572.114 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Hybrid Dummy 50th...

Crashworthiness requirements for commuter rail passenger seats

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-11-05

Occupant experiments using instrumented crash test dummies seated in commuter rail seats have been conducted on board full-scale impact tests of rail cars. The tests have been conducted using both conventional cars and cars modified to incorporate cr...

Occupant Motion Sensors : Rotational Accelerometer Development

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1972-04-01

A miniature mouthpiece rotational accelerometer has been developed to measure the angular acceleration of a head during vehicle crash or impact conditions. The device has been tested in the laboratory using a shake table and in the field using dummie...

Occupant Motion Sensors : Methods of Detection and Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-07-01

A STUDY HAS BEEN MADE OF METHODS FOR MEASURING OCCUPANT MOTION WITHIN A VEHICLE DURING CRASH OR IMPACT CONDITIONS. THE PURPOSE OF THE MEASUREMENTS IS TO EVALUATE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS, USING ANTHROPOMETRIC DUMMY, ANIMAL, OR HUMAN OCCUPANTS. A LIST OF GEN...

Evaluation of various padding materials for crash protection.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1966-12-01

Thirty-seven different materials and combinations of materials were impacted with an instrumented dummy head at 15 ft/sec and at 30 ft/sec. Peak g forces, rise times, and deceleration durations were determined for both impact velocities on each test ...

Methodological questions of creating tissue-equivalent phantoms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kolodkin, A. V.; Popov, V. I.; Sychkov, M. A.; Nikl, I.; Erdei, M.; Eyben, O.

1974-01-01

On the basis of analysis and generalization of literature data, the composition of tissue equivalent plastic was justified, parameters of a standard man were determined, plaster and metal forms were created for casting dummies, and an experimental model was produced from tissue equivalent material.

An experimental abdominal pressure measurement device for child ATDs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-12-01

An experimental device to measure the abdominal pressure in child-size Anthropomorphic Test Dummies (ATDs) during dynamic tests was developed. A description is provided of the two ATDs in which the device was installed, the CRABI six-month-old and th...

EC91-630-8

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-11-22

The AFTI F-16 flying at high angle of attack, shown in the final configuration and paint finish. Dummy Sidewinder air-to-air missles are attached to the wing tips. The white objects visible on the wing racks represent practice bomb dispensers, used in weapon tests.

49 CFR 572.44 - Instrumentation and test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... planes parallel to the midsagittal plane. (3) Performance pre-tests of the assembled dummy are separated... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Instrumentation and test conditions. 572.44... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side...

49 CFR 572.44 - Instrumentation and test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... planes parallel to the midsagittal plane. (3) Performance pre-tests of the assembled dummy are separated... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Instrumentation and test conditions. 572.44... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side...

49 CFR 572.44 - Instrumentation and test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... planes parallel to the midsagittal plane. (3) Performance pre-tests of the assembled dummy are separated... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Instrumentation and test conditions. 572.44... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side...

49 CFR 572.44 - Instrumentation and test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... planes parallel to the midsagittal plane. (3) Performance pre-tests of the assembled dummy are separated... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Instrumentation and test conditions. 572.44... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side...

49 CFR 572.44 - Instrumentation and test conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... planes parallel to the midsagittal plane. (3) Performance pre-tests of the assembled dummy are separated... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Instrumentation and test conditions. 572.44... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side...

Evaluation of seating and restraint systems and anthropomorphic dummies conducted during fiscal year 1976.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-02-01

The results of test programs conducted by the Protection and Survival Laboratory to investigate the performance of prototype or operational seating and restraint systems relative to their ability to provide protection against crash injury and to inve...

Evaluation of seating and restraint systems and anthropomorphic dummies conducted during fiscal year 1977.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-06-01

The results of test programs conducted by the Protection and Survival Laboratory to investigate the performance of prototype or operational seating and restraint systems relative to their ability to provide protection against crash injury and to inve...

49 CFR 572.71 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 6-Year-Old Child § 572.71 General description. (a) The representative 6-year-old dummy consists of a drawings and specifications package that contains the following materials: (1) Technical drawings, specifications, and the parts list...

Alternative blade materials for technical and ecological optimization of a hydraulic pressure machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwyzer, Olivier; Saenger, Nicole

2016-11-01

The Hydraulic Pressure Machine (HPM) is an energy converter to exploit head differences between 0.5 and 2.5 m in small streams and irrigation canals. Previous investigations show that efficiencies above 60% are possible. Several case studies indicate good continuity for aquatic life (e.g. fish) and bed load for the technology. The technology is described as an economically and ecologically viable option for small scale hydropower generation. Primary goal of this research is to improve the HPM blade design regarding its continuity properties by maintaining good efficiency rates. This is done by modifying the blade tip and testing within a large physical model under laboratory condition. Blade tips from steel (conventional - reference case) and a combination of EPDM rubber and steel as sandwich construction (rubber, steel, rubber - adhesive layered) are tested and compared. Both materials reach similar values for hydraulic efficiency (approx. 58%) and mechanical power output (approx. 220 W). The variation of different gap sizes pointed out the importance of small clearance gaps to reach high efficiencies. For assessing the two blade tip materials regarding continuity for aquatic life, fish dummies were led through the wheel. Analysis of slow motion video of dummies hit by the blade show significant advantages for the EPDM blade tip. The EPDM rubber allows to bend and thus reduces the shock and the probability for cuts on the fish dummy. It was shown that blade tips from EPDM have certain advantages regarding continuity compared to standard blade tips from steel. No compromise regarding energy production had to be made. These results from the HPM can be transferred to breast shot water wheel and may be applied for new and retrofitting projects.

Crash-test dummy and pendulum impact tests of ice hockey boards: greater displacement does not reduce impact.

PubMed

Schmitt, Kai-Uwe; Muser, Markus H; Thueler, Hansjuerg; Bruegger, Othmar

2018-01-01

One injury mechanism in ice hockey is impact with the boards. We investigated whether more flexible hockey boards would provide less biomechanical loading on impact than did existing (reference) boards. We conducted impact tests with a dynamic pendulum (mass 60 kg) and with crash test dummies (ES-2 dummy, 4.76 m/s impact speed). Outcomes were biomechanical loading experienced by a player in terms of head acceleration, impact force to the shoulder, spine, abdomen and pelvis as well as compression of the thorax. The more flexible board designs featured substantial displacement at impact. Some so-called flexible boards were displaced four times more than the reference board. The new boards possessed less stiffness and up to 90 kg less effective mass, reducing the portion of the board mass a player experienced on impact, compared with boards with a conventional design. Flexible boards resulted in a similar or reduced loading for all body regions, apart from the shoulder. The displacement of a board system did not correlate directly with the biomechanical loading. Flexible board systems can reduce the loading of a player on impact. However, we found no correlation between the displacement and the biomechanical loading; accordingly, displacement alone was insufficient to characterise the overall loading of a player and thus the risk of injury associated with board impact. Ideally, the performance of boards is assessed on the basis of parameters that show a good correlation to injury risk. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Simplex-based optimization of numerical and categorical inputs in early bioprocess development: Case studies in HT chromatography.

PubMed

Konstantinidis, Spyridon; Titchener-Hooker, Nigel; Velayudhan, Ajoy

2017-08-01

Bioprocess development studies often involve the investigation of numerical and categorical inputs via the adoption of Design of Experiments (DoE) techniques. An attractive alternative is the deployment of a grid compatible Simplex variant which has been shown to yield optima rapidly and consistently. In this work, the method is combined with dummy variables and it is deployed in three case studies wherein spaces are comprised of both categorical and numerical inputs, a situation intractable by traditional Simplex methods. The first study employs in silico data and lays out the dummy variable methodology. The latter two employ experimental data from chromatography based studies performed with the filter-plate and miniature column High Throughput (HT) techniques. The solute of interest in the former case study was a monoclonal antibody whereas the latter dealt with the separation of a binary system of model proteins. The implemented approach prevented the stranding of the Simplex method at local optima, due to the arbitrary handling of the categorical inputs, and allowed for the concurrent optimization of numerical and categorical, multilevel and/or dichotomous, inputs. The deployment of the Simplex method, combined with dummy variables, was therefore entirely successful in identifying and characterizing global optima in all three case studies. The Simplex-based method was further shown to be of equivalent efficiency to a DoE-based approach, represented here by D-Optimal designs. Such an approach failed, however, to both capture trends and identify optima, and led to poor operating conditions. It is suggested that the Simplex-variant is suited to development activities involving numerical and categorical inputs in early bioprocess development. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology Journal published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Development of a frontal small overlap crashworthiness evaluation test.

PubMed

Sherwood, Christopher P; Mueller, Becky C; Nolan, Joseph M; Zuby, David S; Lund, Adrian K

2013-01-01

Small overlap frontal crashes are those in which crash forces are applied outboard of the vehicle's longitudinal frame rails. In-depth analyses of crashes indicate that such crashes account for a significant proportion of frontal crashes with seriously injured occupants. The objective of this research was to evaluate possible barrier crash tests that could be used to evaluate the crashworthiness of vehicles across a spectrum of small overlap crash types. Sixteen full-scale vehicle tests were conducted using 3 midsize passenger vehicles in up to 6 different test configurations, including vehicle-to-vehicle and barrier tests. All vehicles were tested at 64 km/h with an instrumented Hybrid III midsize male driver dummy. All test configurations resulted in primary loading of the wheel, suspension system, and hinge pillar. Vehicles underwent substantial lateral movement during the crash, which varied by crash configuration. The occupant compartments had significant intrusion, particularly to the most outboard structures. Inboard movement of the steering wheel in combination with outboard movement of the dummies (due to the lateral vehicle motion) caused limited interaction with the frontal air bag in most cases. When assessing overall crashworthiness (based on injury measures, structural deformation, and occupant kinematics), one vehicle had superior performance in each crash configuration. This was confirmation that the countermeasures benefiting performance in a single small overlap test also will provide a benefit in other crash configurations. Based on these test results, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety has developed a small overlap crashworthiness evaluation with the following characteristics: a rigid flat barrier with a 150-mm corner radius, 25 percent overlap, 64 km/h test speed, and a Hybrid III midsize male driver dummy.

Systematic on-site monitoring of compliance dust samples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grayson, R.L.; Gandy, J.R.

1996-12-31

Maintaining compliance with U.S. respirable coal mine dust standards can be difficult on high-productivity longwall panels. Comprehensive and systematic analysis of compliance dust sample data, coupled with access to the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) DUSTPRO, can yield important information for use in maintaining compliance. The objective of this study was to develop and apply a customized software for the collection, storage, modification, and analysis of respirable dust data while providing for flexible export of data and linking with the USBM`s expert advisory system on dust control. An executable, IBM-compatible software was created and customized for use by the personmore » in charge of collecting, submitting, analyzing, and monitoring respirable dust compliance samples. Both descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were incorporated. The software allows ASCH files to be exported and directly links with DUSTPRO. After development and validation of the software, longwall compliance data from two different mines was analyzed to evaluate the value of the software. Data included variables on respirable dust concentration, tons produced, the existence of roof/floor rock (dummy variable), and the sampling cycle (dummy variables). Because of confidentiality, specific data will not be presented, only the equations and ANOVA tables. The final regression models explained 83.8% and 61.1% of the variation in the data for the two panels. Important correlations among variables within sampling cycles showed the value of using dummy variables for sampling cycles. The software proved flexible and fast for its intended use. The insights obtained from use improved the systematic monitoring of respirable dust compliance data, especially for pinpointing the most effective dust control methods during specific sampling cycles.« less

Lack of a decline in HIV incidence in a rural community with high HIV prevalence in South Africa, 2003-2007.

PubMed

Bärnighausen, Till; Tanser, Frank; Newell, Marie-Louise

2009-04-01

To understand the dynamics of the HIV epidemic and to plan HIV treatment and prevention programs, it is critical to know how HIV incidence in a population evolves over time. We used data from a large population-based longitudinal HIV surveillance in a rural community in South Africa to test whether HIV incidence in this population has changed in the period from 2003 through 2007. We observed 563 seroconversions in 8095 individuals over 16,256 person-years at risk, yielding an overall HIV incidence of 3.4 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 3.1-3.7). We included time-dependent period dummy variables (in half-yearly increments) in age-stratified Cox regressions in order to test for trends in HIV incidence. We first did regression analyses separately for women and men. In both regressions, the coefficients of all period dummy variables were individually insignificant (all p > or = 0.338) and jointly insignificant (p = 0.764 and p = 0.111, respectively). We then did regression analysis using the pooled data on women and men, controlling for sex and interactions between sex and age. Again, the coefficients of the eight period dummy variables were individually insignificant (all p > or = 0.387) and jointly insignificant (p = 0.701). We show for the first time that high levels of HIV incidence have been maintained without any sign of decline over the past 5 years in both women and men in a rural South African community with high HIV prevalence. It is unlikely that the HIV epidemic in rural South Africa can be reversed without new or intensified efforts to prevent HIV infection.

Estimation of muscle response using three-dimensional musculoskeletal models before impact situation: a simulation study.

PubMed

Bae, Tae Soo; Loan, Peter; Choi, Kuiwon; Hong, Daehie; Mun, Mu Seong

2010-12-01

When car crash experiments are performed using cadavers or dummies, the active muscles' reaction on crash situations cannot be observed. The aim of this study is to estimate muscles' response of the major muscle groups using three-dimensional musculoskeletal model by dynamic simulations of low-speed sled-impact. The three-dimensional musculoskeletal models of eight subjects were developed, including 241 degrees of freedom and 86 muscles. The muscle parameters considering limb lengths and the force-generating properties of the muscles were redefined by optimization to fit for each subject. Kinematic data and external forces measured by motion tracking system and dynamometer were then input as boundary conditions. Through a least-squares optimization algorithm, active muscles' responses were calculated during inverse dynamic analysis tracking the motion of each subject. Electromyography for major muscles at elbow, knee, and ankle joints was measured to validate each model. For low-speed sled-impact crash, experiment and simulation with optimized and unoptimized muscle parameters were performed at 9.4 m/h and 10 m/h and muscle activities were compared among them. The muscle activities with optimized parameters were closer to experimental measurements than the results without optimization. In addition, the extensor muscle activities at knee, ankle, and elbow joint were found considerably at impact time, unlike previous studies using cadaver or dummies. This study demonstrated the need to optimize the muscle parameters to predict impact situation correctly in computational studies using musculoskeletal models. And to improve accuracy of analysis for car crash injury using humanlike dummies, muscle reflex function, major extensor muscles' response at elbow, knee, and ankle joints, should be considered.

Worldsid Assessment of Far Side Impact Countermeasures

PubMed Central

Pintar, Frank A.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Stemper, Brian D.; Bostrom, Ola; Rouhana, Stephen W.; Smith, Stuart; Sparke, Laurie; Fildes, Brian N.; Digges, Kennerly H.

2006-01-01

Far side impact trauma has been demonstrated as a significant portion of the total trauma in side impacts. The objective of the study was to assess the potential usefulness of countermeasures and assess the trade-offs associated with generic countermeasure design. Because the WorldSID dummy has demonstrated promise as a potential far side impact dummy, it was chosen to assess countermeasures in this mode. A unique far side impact buck was designed for a sled test system that included, as a standard configuration, a center console and outboard three-point belt system. This configuration assumed a left side driver with a right side impact. The buck allowed for additional options of generic restraints including shoulder or thorax plates or an inboard shoulder belt. The entire buck could be mounted on the sled in either a 90-degree (3-o’clock PDOF) or a 60-degree (2-o’clock PDOF) orientation. A total of 19 WorldSID tests were completed. The inboard shoulder belt configuration produced high shear forces in the lower neck (2430 N) when the belt position was placed over the mid portion of the neck. Shear forces were reduced and of opposite sign when the inboard belt position was horizontal and over the shoulder; forces were similar to the standard outboard belt configuration (830 – 1100 N). A shoulder or thorax restraint was effective in limiting the head excursion, but each caused significant displacement at the corresponding region on the dummy. A shoulder restraint resulted in shoulder displacements of 30 – 43 mm. A thorax restraint caused thorax deflections of 39 – 64 mm. Inboard restraints for far side impacts can be effective in reducing head excursion but the specific design and placement of these restraints determine their overall injury mitigating characteristics. PMID:16968638

49 CFR Appendix A to Subpart F of... - Figures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Figures A Appendix A to Subpart F of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

49 CFR Appendix A to Subpart F of... - Figures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Figures A Appendix A to Subpart F of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

49 CFR Appendix A to Subpart F of... - Figures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Figures A Appendix A to Subpart F of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

49 CFR Appendix A to Subpart F of... - Figures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Figures A Appendix A to Subpart F of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

49 CFR Appendix A to Subpart F of... - Figures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Figures A Appendix A to Subpart F of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

A Finite Element Model of the THOR-K Dummy for Aerospace and Aircraft Impact Simulations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Putnam, Jacob; Untaroiu, Costin D.; Somers, Jeffrey T.; Pellettiere, Joseph

2013-01-01

1) Update and Improve the THOR Finite Element (FE) model to specifications of the latest mod kit (THOR-K). 2) Evaluate the kinematic and kinetic response of the FE model in frontal, spinal, and lateral impact loading conditions.

Development and evaluation of masterbody forms for 3- and 6-year-old-child dummies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-07-01

This study defines and evaluates the size, shape, and mass distribution characteristics of masterbody forms representative of 3-year-old and 6-year-old U.S. children. Based on the author's collective judgment of available data, 98 anthropometric dime...

Methodology for the Calibration of the Data Acquisition with a Six-Degree-of-Freedom Acceleration Measurement Device

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-06-01

This report describes a methodology for calibrating and gathering data with a six-degree-of-freedom acceleration measurement device that is intended to measure head acceleration of anthropomorphic dummies and human volunteers in automotive crash test...

49 CFR 572.81 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 9-Month Old Child § 572.81 General description. (a) The dummy consists of: (1) The assembly specified in drawing LP 1049/A, March 1979, which is described in its entirety by means of approximately 54 separate drawings and...

49 CFR 572.77 - Instrumentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the sensitive axes of the three accelerometers intersect at the point in the midsagittal plane located... pins in either side of the dummy's head with the head's midsagittal plane. (2) The head has three... is perpendicular to the horizontal bulkhead in the midsagittal plane. (ii) Align the second...

Leakage characterization of top select transistor for program disturbance optimization in 3D NAND flash

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yu; Jin, Lei; Jiang, Dandan; Zou, Xingqi; Zhao, Zhiguo; Gao, Jing; Zeng, Ming; Zhou, Wenbin; Tang, Zhaoyun; Huo, Zongliang

2018-03-01

In order to optimize program disturbance characteristics effectively, a characterization approach that measures top select transistor (TSG) leakage from bit-line is proposed to quantify TSG leakage under program inhibit condition in 3D NAND flash memory. Based on this approach, the effect of Vth modulation of two-cell TSG on leakage is evaluated. By checking the dependence of leakage and corresponding program disturbance on upper and lower TSG Vth, this approach is validated. The optimal Vth pattern with high upper TSG Vth and low lower TSG Vth has been suggested for low leakage current and high boosted channel potential. It is found that upper TSG plays dominant role in preventing drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) leakage from boosted channel to bit-line, while lower TSG assists to further suppress TSG leakage by providing smooth potential drop from dummy WL to edge of TSG, consequently suppressing trap assisted band-to-band tunneling current (BTBT) between dummy WL and TSG.

A novel superparamagnetic surface molecularly imprinted nanoparticle adopting dummy template: an efficient solid-phase extraction adsorbent for bisphenol A.

PubMed

Lin, Zhenkun; Cheng, Wenjing; Li, Yanyan; Liu, Zhiren; Chen, Xiangping; Huang, Changjiang

2012-03-30

Leakage of the residual template molecules is one of the biggest challenges for application of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) in solid-phase extraction (SPE). In this study, bisphenol F (BPF) was adopted as a dummy template to prepare MIP of bisphenol A (BPA) with a superparamagnetic core-shell nanoparticle as the supporter, aiming to avoid residual template leakage and to increase the efficiency of SPE. Characterization and test of the obtained products (called mag-DMIP beads) revealed that these novel nanoparticles not only had excellent magnetic property but also displayed high selectivity to the target molecule BPA. As mag-DMIP beads were adopted as the adsorbents of solid-phase extraction for detecting BPA in real water samples, the recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 84.7% to 93.8% with the limit of detection of 2.50 pg mL(-1), revealing that mag-DMIP beads were efficient SPE adsorbents. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Physics For Dummies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holzner, Steve; Ph., D.

2005-11-01

The fun and easy way to understand the basic principles of physics How does gravity work? What does e=mc2 really mean? And what's a charm quark? Physics For Dummies answers these questions and more, explaining the basics of physical science and its importance in our everyday lives in a simple, clear, and entertaining fashion. Whether readers are taking a class, helping kids with homework, or are simply interested in how the world works, this plain-English guide gives them the knowledge they need to understand basic physics. Through real-world examples and problems, it covers such key topics as motion, energy, and waves (sound, light, wave-particle); solids, liquids, and gases; thermodynamics; electromagnetism; relativity; atomic and nuclear structures; and the Big Bang and stars. Steven Holzner, PhD (Ithaca, NY), is the author of more than 40 books and a former contributing editor at PC Magazine. He has been on the faculty of MIT and taught Physics 101 and 102 at Cornell for over ten years.

Biomechanics of head injury in olympic taekwondo and boxing.

PubMed

Fife, G P; O'Sullivan, D; Pieter, W

2013-12-01

The purpose was to examine differences between taekwondo kicks and boxing punches in resultant linear head acceleration (RLA), head injury criterion (HIC15), peak head velocity, and peak foot and fist velocities. Data from two existing publications on boxing punches and taekwondo kicks were compared. For taekwondo head impacts a Hybrid II Crash Dummy (Hybrid II) head was instrumented with a tri-axial accelerometer mounted inside the Hybrid II head. The Hybrid II was fixed to a height-adjustable frame and fitted with a protective taekwondo helmet. For boxing testing, a Hybrid III Crash Dummy head was instrumented with an array of tri-axial accelerometers mounted at the head centre of gravity. Differences in RLA between the roundhouse kick (130.11±51.67 g) and hook punch (71.23±32.19 g, d = 1.39) and in HIC15 (clench axe kick: 162.63±104.10; uppercut: 24.10±12.54, d = 2.29) were observed. Taekwondo kicks demonstrated significantly larger magnitudes than boxing punches for both RLA and HIC.

Efficient vibration mode analysis of aircraft with multiple external store configurations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karpel, M.

1988-01-01

A coupling method for efficient vibration mode analysis of aircraft with multiple external store configurations is presented. A set of low-frequency vibration modes, including rigid-body modes, represent the aircraft. Each external store is represented by its vibration modes with clamped boundary conditions, and by its rigid-body inertial properties. The aircraft modes are obtained from a finite-element model loaded by dummy rigid external stores with fictitious masses. The coupling procedure unloads the dummy stores and loads the actual stores instead. The analytical development is presented, the effects of the fictitious mass magnitudes are discussed, and a numerical example is given for a combat aircraft with external wing stores. Comparison with vibration modes obtained by a direct (full-size) eigensolution shows very accurate coupling results. Once the aircraft and stores data bases are constructed, the computer time for analyzing any external store configuration is two to three orders of magnitude less than that of a direct solution.

Inducing the concept of love among men and their compliance to a donation request for an association against domestic violence toward women.

PubMed

Guéguen, Nicolas

2014-12-01

Previous research found that exposition to the concept of love appeared effective to increase men's helping behavior toward women. However, only direct solicitation was examined. In this study, 40 men were first induced with the idea of love with the help of a dummy survey about love and romantic behavior, and one minute later they were asked to help an association against domestic violence toward women. In the control condition, 40 men were induced using a neutral dummy survey on odd jobs. More men (35.7%) donated to the association in the love-inducing condition than in the control condition (17.5%). No statistical difference was found in the amount of money left in the two conditions: 1.40€ in the love-inducing condition and 1.12€ in the control condition. The results suggest that the love-inducing method does not only activate motivation for romantic relationships with women but also influences men's concerns about a women's cause.

Crash Simulation of a Vertical Drop Test of a Commuter-Class Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Fasanella, Edwin L.

2004-01-01

A finite element model of an ATR42-300 commuter-class aircraft was developed and a crash simulation was executed. Analytical predictions were correlated with data obtained from a 30-ft/s (9.14-m/s) vertical drop test of the aircraft. The purpose of the test was to evaluate the structural response of the aircraft when subjected to a severe, but survivable, impact. The aircraft was configured with seats, dummies, luggage, and other ballast. The wings were filled with 8,700 lb. (3,946 kg) of water to represent the fuel. The finite element model, which consisted of 57,643 nodes and 62,979 elements, was developed from direct measurements of the airframe geometry. The seats, dummies, luggage, fuel, and other ballast were represented using concentrated masses. The model was executed in LS-DYNA, a commercial code for performing explicit transient dynamic simulations. Predictions of structural deformation and selected time-history responses were generated. The simulation was successfully validated through extensive test-analysis correlation.

A new force field including charge directionality for TMAO in aqueous solution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Usui, Kota; Nagata, Yuki, E-mail: sulpizi@uni-mainz.de, E-mail: nagata@mpip-mainz.mpg.de; Hunger, Johannes

We propose a new force field for trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is designed to reproduce the long-lived and highly directional hydrogen bond between the TMAO oxygen (O{sub TMAO}) atom and surrounding water molecules. Based on the data obtained by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we introduce three dummy sites around O{sub TMAO} to mimic the O{sub TMAO} lone pairs and we migrate the negative charge on the O{sub TMAO} to the dummy sites. The force field model developed here improves both structural and dynamical properties of aqueous TMAO solutions. Moreover, it reproduces the experimentally observed dependence of viscosity upon increasingmore » TMAO concentration quantitatively. The simple procedure of the force field construction makes it easy to implement in molecular dynamics simulation packages and makes it compatible with the existing biomolecular force fields. This paves the path for further investigation of protein-TMAO interaction in aqueous solutions.« less

Cost-effective imprinting combining macromolecular crowding and a dummy template for the fast purification of punicalagin from pomegranate husk extract.

PubMed

Sun, Guang-Ying; Wang, Chao; Luo, Yu-Qin; Zhao, Yong-Xin; Yang, Jian; Liu, Zhao-Sheng; Aisa, Haji Akber

2016-05-01

The combination of molecular crowding and virtual imprinting was employed to develop a cost-effective method to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers. By using linear polymer polystyrene as a macromolecular crowding agent, an imprinted polymer recognizable to punicalagin had been successfully synthesized with punicalin as the dummy template. The resulting punicalin-imprinted polymer presented a remarkable selectivity to punicalagin with an imprinting factor of 3.17 even at extremely low consumption of the template (template/monomer ratio of 1:782). In contrast, the imprinted polymer synthesized without crowding agent, did not show any imprinting effect at so low template amount. The imprinted polymers made by combination of molecular crowding and virtual imprinting can be utilized for the fast separation of punicalagin from pomegranate husk extract after optimizing the protocol of solid-phase extraction with the recovery of 85.3 ± 1.2%. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Method matters: Experimental evidence for shorter avian sperm in faecal compared to abdominal massage samples

PubMed Central

Cockburn, Glenn; Sánchez-Tójar, Alfredo; Løvlie, Hanne; Schroeder, Julia

2017-01-01

Birds are model organisms in sperm biology. Previous work in zebra finches, suggested that sperm sampled from males' faeces and ejaculates do not differ in size. Here, we tested this assumption in a captive population of house sparrows, Passer domesticus. We compared sperm length in samples from three collection techniques: female dummy, faecal and abdominal massage samples. We found that sperm were significantly shorter in faecal than abdominal massage samples, which was explained by shorter heads and midpieces, but not flagella. This result might indicate that faecal sampled sperm could be less mature than sperm collected by abdominal massage. The female dummy method resulted in an insufficient number of experimental ejaculates because most males ignored it. In light of these results, we recommend using abdominal massage as a preferred method for avian sperm sampling. Where avian sperm cannot be collected by abdominal massage alone, we advise controlling for sperm sampling protocol statistically. PMID:28813481

Method of determining whether radioactive contaminants are inside or outside a structure

DOEpatents

Lattin, Kenneth R.

1977-01-01

A measure is obtained of the relative quantities of radioactive material inside and outside a structure such as a pipe by obtaining two spectra of gamma radiation on a dummy structure of the same shape and composition. A first spectrum is obtained with a quantity of the radioactive element to be measured located inside the structure and a second spectrum is obtained with a quantity of the same contaminant located outside the structure. The two spectra are normalized to the same equivalent value in a portion of the spectrum that does not reflect the presence of gamma rays resulting from Compton scattering in the structure. Comparison of that portion of the spectra obtained where Compton scattering is a factor gives a measure of the relative amounts of contaminants inside and outside the structure on a spectrum obtained from a test structure. The invention may also be practiced by obtaining a plurality of spectra at varying known concentrations inside and outside the dummy structure.

The Experimental Measurement of Local and Bulk Oxygen Transport Resistances in the Catalyst Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

PubMed

Wang, Chao; Cheng, Xiaojing; Lu, Jiabin; Shen, Shuiyun; Yan, Xiaohui; Yin, Jiewei; Wei, Guanghua; Zhang, Junliang

2017-12-07

Remarkable progress has been made in reducing the cathodic Pt loading of PEMFCs; however, a huge performance loss appears at high current densities, indicating the existence of a large oxygen transport resistance associated with the ultralow Pt loading catalyst layer. To reduce the Pt loading without sacrificing cell performance, it is essential to illuminate the oxygen transport mechanism in the catalyst layer. Toward this goal, an experimental approach to measure the oxygen transport resistance in catalyst layers is proposed and realized for the first time in this study. The measuring approach involves a dual-layer catalyst layer design, which consists of a dummy catalyst layer and a practical catalyst layer, followed by changing the thickness of dummy layer to respectively quantify the local and bulk resistances via limiting current measurements combined with linear extrapolation. The experimental results clearly reveal that the local resistance dominates the total resistance in the catalyst layer.

Phase Diagram in a Random Mixture of Two Antiferromagnets with Competing Spin Anisotropies. I

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Someya, Yoshiko

1981-12-01

The phase diagram of a random mixture of two antiferromagnets with competing spin anisotropies (A1-xBx) has been analyzed by extending the theory of Matsubara and Inawashiro, and Oguchi and Ishikawa. In the model assumed, the anisotropy energies are expressed by the anisotropic exchange interactions. According to this formulation, it has been shown that the concentration dependence of TN becomes a function of \\includegraphics{dummy.eps}, where P, Q=A, B; SP is a magnitude of P-spin, and JPQη is a η component of exchange integral between P- and Q-spin). Further, the phase boundary between an AF phase and an OAF (oblique antiferromagnetic) phase at T{=}0 K has been shown to be determined by α({\\equiv}SB/SA), if \\includegraphics{dummy.eps} are given. The obtained phase diagrams for Fe1-xCoxCl2, K2Mn1-xFexF4 and Fe1-xCoxCl2\\cdot2H2O are compared with the experimental ones.

Modelling Attempts to Predict Fretting-Fatigue Life on Turbine Components

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-01

validation purposes life prediction is compared with experimental results . 1. THE PROBLEMATIC OF FRETTING/WEAR FATIGUE ON AEROENGINES 1.1. Damage...Furthermore, unlike real engine conditions, there are no additional vibrational loads exerted on the dummy due to the fact that the test is run

Sled Tests Using the Hybrid III Rail Safety ATD and Workstation Tables for Passenger Trains

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-08-01

The Hybrid III Rail Safety (H3-RS) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) is a crash test dummy developed in the United Kingdom to evaluate abdomen and lower thorax injuries that occur when passengers impact workstation tables during train accidents. The ...

A method for estimating the effect of vehicle crashworthiness design changes on injuries and fatalities

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-02-01

A general methodology is developed for estimating the change in the number of injuries and fatalities expected as a result of a change in vehicle crashworthiness design. It is assumed that crash tests have provided information on dummy response measu...

49 CFR 572.191 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... the SID-IIsD Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, July 1, 2008,” and, (5) Sign convention for signal outputs reference document SAE J1733 Information Report, titled “Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing,” dated...

Categorical Variables in Multiple Regression: Some Cautions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Grady, Kevin E.; Medoff, Deborah R.

1988-01-01

Limitations of dummy coding and nonsense coding as methods of coding categorical variables for use as predictors in multiple regression analysis are discussed. The combination of these approaches often yields estimates and tests of significance that are not intended by researchers for inclusion in their models. (SLD)

77 FR 73345 - Safety Standard for Bedside Sleepers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-10

... product-related issues, such as non- levelness of the product (two reports), instability of leg extensions...) Segmented Mattress Flatness Requirement and Test Method; (2) Removable Bassinet Bed Stability; and (3) Stability Test Dummy. Because bedside sleepers are already required to be tested to the bassinet standard...

49 CFR 572.15 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 3-Year-Old Child § 572.15 General description. (a) The dummy consists of the component assemblies specified in drawing SA 103C 001, which are described in their entirety by means of approximately 122 drawings and specifications and an...

Chemistry for DUMMIES: how to popularize and introduce chemistry to the general public.

PubMed

Montangero, Marc

2012-01-01

To mark the occasion of the International Year of Chemistry, each week in 2011 I posted a two-minute film demonstrating and explaining a simple and safe experiment to be carried out at home using everyday household products on the site www.chimie.ch/nuls.

Abdomen Impact Testing of the Hybrid III Rail Safety (H3-RS) Anthropomorphic Test Device

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-01

The Hybrid III Rail Safety (H3-RS) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) is a crash test dummy that was developed in the UK to evaluate abdomen and lower thorax injuries that occur when passengers impact workstation tables during train accidents. The H3-...

Utility of an automated thermal-based approach for monitoring evapotranspiration

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A very simple remote sensing-based model for water use monitoring is presented. The model acronym DATTUTDUT, (Deriving Atmosphere Turbulent Transport Useful To Dummies Using Temperature) is a Dutch word which loosely translates as “It’s unbelievable that it works”. DATTUTDUT is fully automated and o...

49 CFR 572.70 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 6-Year-Old Child § 572.70... Technologies, 9000 Virginia Manor Rd., Beltsville, MD 20705, Telephone (301) 210-5600, Fax (301) 210-5607. (2) A User's Manual entitled, “Six-Year-Old Size Child Test Dummy SA106C,” October 28, 1991, is...

49 CFR 572.70 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 6-Year-Old Child § 572.70... Technologies, 9000 Virginia Manor Rd., Beltsville, MD 20705, Telephone (301) 210-5600, Fax (301) 210-5607. (2) A User's Manual entitled, “Six-Year-Old Size Child Test Dummy SA106C,” October 28, 1991, is...

49 CFR 572.70 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 6-Year-Old Child § 572.70... Technologies, 9000 Virginia Manor Rd., Beltsville, MD 20705, Telephone (301) 210-5600, Fax (301) 210-5607. (2) A User's Manual entitled, “Six-Year-Old Size Child Test Dummy SA106C,” October 28, 1991, is...

49 CFR 572.70 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 6-Year-Old Child § 572.70... Technologies, 9000 Virginia Manor Rd., Beltsville, MD 20705, Telephone (301) 210-5600, Fax (301) 210-5607. (2) A User's Manual entitled, “Six-Year-Old Size Child Test Dummy SA106C,” October 28, 1991, is...

49 CFR 572.70 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 6-Year-Old Child § 572.70... Technologies, 9000 Virginia Manor Rd., Beltsville, MD 20705, Telephone (301) 210-5600, Fax (301) 210-5607. (2) A User's Manual entitled, “Six-Year-Old Size Child Test Dummy SA106C,” October 28, 1991, is...

49 CFR 572.192 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.192 Section 572.192... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.192 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the head (180...) of this section, the head assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of...

49 CFR 572.192 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.192 Section 572.192... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.192 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the head (180-1000...) of this section, the head assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of...

49 CFR 572.182 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.182 Section 572.182... Test Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.182 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the..., the head assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this section. (b...

49 CFR 572.182 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.182 Section 572.182... Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.182 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the head... assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this section. (b) Test procedure...

49 CFR 572.182 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.182 Section 572.182... Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.182 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the head... assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this section. (b) Test procedure...

49 CFR 572.192 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.192 Section 572.192... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.192 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the head (180...) of this section, the head assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of...

49 CFR 572.192 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.192 Section 572.192... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.192 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the head (180-1000...) of this section, the head assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of...

49 CFR 572.182 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.182 Section 572.182... Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.182 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the head... assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this section. (b) Test procedure...

49 CFR 572.182 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.182 Section 572.182... Test Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.182 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the..., the head assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this section. (b...

49 CFR 572.192 - Head assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Head assembly. 572.192 Section 572.192... Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.192 Head assembly. (a) The head assembly consists of the head (180-1000...) of this section, the head assembly shall meet performance requirements specified in paragraph (c) of...

Using Demographic Subgroup and Dummy Variable Equations to Predict College Freshman Grade Average.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawyer, Richard

1986-01-01

This study was designed to determine whether adjustments for the differential prediction observed among sex, racial/ethnic, or age subgroups in one freshman class at a college could be used to improve prediction accuracy for these subgroups in future freshman classes. (Author/LMO)

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart S of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Figures to Subpart S of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy Test conditions and...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart P of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Figures to Subpart P of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 3-year-Old Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version Test conditions and...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart N of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Figures to Subpart N of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Six-year-old Child Test Dummy, Beta Version Test conditions and...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart N of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Figures to Subpart N of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Six-year-old Child Test Dummy, Beta Version Test conditions and...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart O of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Figures to Subpart O of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III 5th Percentile Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version Test conditions...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart P of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Figures to Subpart P of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 3-year-Old Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version Test conditions and...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart N of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Figures to Subpart N of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Six-year-old Child Test Dummy, Beta Version Test conditions and...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart O of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Figures to Subpart O of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III 5th Percentile Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version Test conditions...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart O of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Figures to Subpart O of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III 5th Percentile Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version Test conditions...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart S of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Figures to Subpart S of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy Test conditions and...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart P of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Figures to Subpart P of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 3-year-Old Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version Test conditions and...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart S of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Figures to Subpart S of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy Test conditions and...

49 CFR 572.194 - Shoulder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Shoulder. 572.194 Section 572.194 Transportation..., Small Adult Female § 572.194 Shoulder. (a) The shoulder structure is part of the upper torso assembly shown in drawing 180-3000. For the shoulder impact test, the dummy is tested as a complete assembly...

49 CFR 572.184 - Shoulder assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Shoulder assembly. 572.184 Section 572.184... Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.184 Shoulder assembly. (a) The shoulder (175-3000) is part of...) of this section, the shoulder assembly shall meet performance requirements of paragraph (c) of this...

49 CFR 572.184 - Shoulder assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Shoulder assembly. 572.184 Section 572.184... Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.184 Shoulder assembly. (a) The shoulder (175-3000) is part of...) of this section, the shoulder assembly shall meet performance requirements of paragraph (c) of this...

49 CFR 572.194 - Shoulder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Shoulder. 572.194 Section 572.194 Transportation..., Small Adult Female § 572.194 Shoulder. (a) The shoulder structure is part of the upper torso assembly shown in drawing 180-3000. For the shoulder impact test, the dummy is tested as a complete assembly...

49 CFR 572.184 - Shoulder assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Shoulder assembly. 572.184 Section 572.184... Test Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.184 Shoulder assembly. (a) The shoulder (175-3000) is part... (b) of this section, the shoulder assembly shall meet performance requirements of paragraph (c) of...

49 CFR 572.194 - Shoulder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Shoulder. 572.194 Section 572.194 Transportation..., Small Adult Female § 572.194 Shoulder. (a) The shoulder structure is part of the upper torso assembly shown in drawing 180-3000. For the shoulder impact test, the dummy is tested as a complete assembly...

49 CFR 572.184 - Shoulder assembly.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Shoulder assembly. 572.184 Section 572.184... Test Dummy, 50th Percentile Adult Male § 572.184 Shoulder assembly. (a) The shoulder (175-3000) is part... (b) of this section, the shoulder assembly shall meet performance requirements of paragraph (c) of...

49 CFR 572.194 - Shoulder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Shoulder. 572.194 Section 572.194 Transportation..., Small Adult Female § 572.194 Shoulder. (a) The shoulder structure is part of the upper torso assembly shown in drawing 180-3000. For the shoulder impact test, the dummy is tested as a complete assembly...

46 CFR 160.028-4 - Approval and production tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the chamber and bore dimensions is not required. (2) Inspections and tests by an independent... the chamber and bore dimensions of the pistol. (2) Fire a dummy cartridge simulating a normal signal....009 (4) Recheck the chamber and bore dimensions. (5) The pistol must fire the signal properly, must...

46 CFR 160.028-4 - Approval and production tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the chamber and bore dimensions is not required. (2) Inspections and tests by an independent... the chamber and bore dimensions of the pistol. (2) Fire a dummy cartridge simulating a normal signal....009 (4) Recheck the chamber and bore dimensions. (5) The pistol must fire the signal properly, must...

46 CFR 160.028-4 - Approval and production tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the chamber and bore dimensions is not required. (2) Inspections and tests by an independent... the chamber and bore dimensions of the pistol. (2) Fire a dummy cartridge simulating a normal signal....009 (4) Recheck the chamber and bore dimensions. (5) The pistol must fire the signal properly, must...

46 CFR 160.028-4 - Approval and production tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the chamber and bore dimensions is not required. (2) Inspections and tests by an independent... the chamber and bore dimensions of the pistol. (2) Fire a dummy cartridge simulating a normal signal....009 (4) Recheck the chamber and bore dimensions. (5) The pistol must fire the signal properly, must...

Exploring Ways to Improve DTAG Deployment Success Rates with the ARTS Pneumatic Launcher

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-30

spring, four springs, no spring), and a different shock absorber system has been developed, (the giraffe leg technique or GL, Figure 2), which has...GL ( giraffe leg technique) with 3 studs (right) WORK COMPLETED During the testing period various dummy whale targets were constructed for

Bursch practices CPR in the U.S. Laboratory during Expedition Four

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-11

ISS004-E-8505 (11 March 2002) --- Astronaut Daniel W. Bursch, Expedition Four flight engineer, performs cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a jerry-rigged “human chest” dummy in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS). The image was taken with a digital still camera.

Walz practices CPR in the U.S. Laboratory during Expedition Four

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-11

ISS004-E-8510 (11 March 2002) --- Astronaut Carl E. Walz, Expedition Four flight engineer, performs cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a jerry-rigged “human chest” dummy in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS). The image was taken with a digital still camera.

Bursch practices CPR in the U.S. Laboratory during Expedition Four

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-03-11

ISS004-E-8504 (11 March 2002) --- Astronaut Daniel W. Bursch, Expedition Four flight engineer, performs cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a jerry-rigged “human chest” dummy in the Destiny laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS). The image was taken with a digital still camera.

Customized Geological Map Patterns for the Macintosh Computer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyer, Paul Slayton

1986-01-01

Describes how the graphics capabilities of the Apple Macintosh computer can be used in geological teaching by customizing fill patterns with lithologic symbols. Presents two methods for doing this: creating a dummy document, or by changing the pattern resource resident in the operating system. Special symbols can also replace fonts. (TW)

47 CFR 73.664 - Determining operating power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... power to within an accuracy of ±5% of the power indicated by the full scale reading of the electrical... frequency amplifier stage and the transmission line meter are to be read and compared with similar readings taken with the dummy load replaced by the antenna. These readings must be in substantial agreement. (3...

49 CFR 572.167 - Test conditions and instrumentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Test conditions and instrumentation. 572.167... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.167 Test conditions and instrumentation. The test conditions and instrumentation are as specified in 49 CFR 572.127 (Subpart N). Pt. 572, Subpt. S, Figs...

49 CFR 572.167 - Test conditions and instrumentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Test conditions and instrumentation. 572.167... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.167 Test conditions and instrumentation. The test conditions and instrumentation are as specified in 49 CFR 572.127 (Subpart N). Pt. 572, Subpt. S, Figs...

49 CFR 572.167 - Test conditions and instrumentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Test conditions and instrumentation. 572.167... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.167 Test conditions and instrumentation. The test conditions and instrumentation are as specified in 49 CFR 572.127 (Subpart N). Pt. 572, Subpt. S, Figs...

49 CFR 572.167 - Test conditions and instrumentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Test conditions and instrumentation. 572.167... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.167 Test conditions and instrumentation. The test conditions and instrumentation are as specified in 49 CFR 572.127 (Subpart N). Pt. 572, Subpt. S, Figs...

49 CFR 572.167 - Test conditions and instrumentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Test conditions and instrumentation. 572.167... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.167 Test conditions and instrumentation. The test conditions and instrumentation are as specified in 49 CFR 572.127 (Subpart N). Pt. 572, Subpt. S, Figs...

77 FR 11651 - Hybrid III 10-Year-Old Child Test Dummy

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-27

... tests. Some commenters (Dorel Juvenile Group (Dorel), Graco Children's Products (Graco)) expressed... event. Because it is made from one part instead of two, the HIII-10C shoulder was able to be designed... shoulder has had problems over the years. In early versions of the design (pre-NPRM), the shoulder had a...

English Is for Dummies: Linguistic Contradictions at an International College in South Korea

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Stephanie K.

2016-01-01

Under the slogan of internationalisation, Korean universities have opened international colleges as a way to better attract and accommodate foreign students. However, due to a lack of foreign student recruiting capability, the majority of the students who enrol at one such international college are not foreign, but Korean. Contradictions arise…

49 CFR 572.166 - Knees and knee impact test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Knees and knee impact test procedure. 572.166... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.166 Knees and knee impact test procedure. The knee assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.126 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.162 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.162 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.162 Head assembly and test procedure. The head assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.122 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.162 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.162 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.162 Head assembly and test procedure. The head assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.122 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.162 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.162 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.162 Head assembly and test procedure. The head assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.122 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.163 - Neck assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Neck assembly and test procedure. 572.163 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.163 Neck assembly and test procedure. The neck assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.123 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.163 - Neck assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Neck assembly and test procedure. 572.163 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.163 Neck assembly and test procedure. The neck assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.123 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.162 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.162 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.162 Head assembly and test procedure. The head assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.122 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.163 - Neck assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Neck assembly and test procedure. 572.163 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.163 Neck assembly and test procedure. The neck assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.123 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.162 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.162 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.162 Head assembly and test procedure. The head assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.122 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.163 - Neck assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Neck assembly and test procedure. 572.163 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.163 Neck assembly and test procedure. The neck assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.123 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.163 - Neck assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Neck assembly and test procedure. 572.163 Section... Hybrid III Six-Year-Old Weighted Child Test Dummy § 572.163 Neck assembly and test procedure. The neck assembly is assembled and tested as specified in 49 CFR 572.123 (Subpart N). ...

49 CFR 572.122 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.122 Section...-year-old Child Test Dummy, Beta Version § 572.122 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly for this test consists of the complete head (drawing 127-1000), a six-axis neck transducer...

49 CFR 572.122 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.122 Section...-year-old Child Test Dummy, Beta Version § 572.122 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly for this test consists of the complete head (drawing 127-1000), a six-axis neck transducer...

49 CFR 572.122 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.122 Section...-year-old Child Test Dummy, Beta Version § 572.122 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly for this test consists of the complete head (drawing 127-1000), a six-axis neck transducer...

49 CFR 572.122 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.122 Section...-year-old Child Test Dummy, Beta Version § 572.122 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly for this test consists of the complete head (drawing 127-1000), a six-axis neck transducer...

49 CFR 572.134 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... completely assembled dummy (drawing 880105-000) is impacted by a test probe conforming to section 572.137(a...). Within this specified compression corridor, the peak force, measured by the impact probe as defined in... midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the...

49 CFR 572.134 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... completely assembled dummy (drawing 880105-000) is impacted by a test probe conforming to section 572.137(a...). Within this specified compression corridor, the peak force, measured by the impact probe as defined in... midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the...

49 CFR 572.134 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... completely assembled dummy (drawing 880105-000) is impacted by a test probe conforming to section 572.137(a...). Within this specified compression corridor, the peak force, measured by the impact probe as defined in... midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the...

49 CFR 572.174 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... assembled dummy (drawing 420-0000) (incorporated by reference, see § 572.170) is impacted by a test probe... this specified compression corridor, the peak force, measured by the impact probe as defined in section... midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the...

49 CFR 572.134 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... completely assembled dummy (drawing 880105-000) is impacted by a test probe conforming to section 572.137(a...). Within this specified compression corridor, the peak force, measured by the impact probe as defined in... midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the...

49 CFR 572.174 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... assembled dummy (drawing 420-0000) (incorporated by reference, see § 572.170) is impacted by a test probe... this specified compression corridor, the peak force, measured by the impact probe as defined in section... midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the...

49 CFR 572.174 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... assembled dummy (drawing 420-0000) (incorporated by reference, see § 572.170) is impacted by a test probe... this specified compression corridor, the peak force, measured by the impact probe as defined in section... midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the...

Joint Control for Dummies: An Elaboration of Lowenkron's Model of Joint (Stimulus) Control

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sidener, David W.

2006-01-01

The following paper describes Lowenkron's model of joint (stimulus) control. Joint control is described as a means of accounting for performances, especially generalized performances, for which a history of contingency control does not provide an adequate account. Examples are provided to illustrate instances in which joint control may facilitate…

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart T of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Figures to Subpart T of Part 572 Appendix Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III 10-Year-Old Child Test Dummy (HIII-10C) Appendix—Figures...

49 CFR Appendix - Figures to Subpart T of Part 572

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Figures to Subpart T of Part 572 Appendix Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Hybrid III 10-Year-Old Child Test Dummy (HIII-10C) Appendix—Figures...

76 FR 17577 - Increased Scope of Coverage for Electric Motors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-30

... motors do not include a full frame, front plate, bearings, shaft, or shaft support. Because the ability.... chosen, the efficiency of these motors is therefore dependent on the application. Because of this, they... face plate, and therefore can be tested with a ``dummy test bracket'' using the current test procedure...

49 CFR Appendix A to Subpart V of... - Figures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Figures A Appendix A to Subpart V of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female Pt. 572, Subpt. V, App. A Appendix A to Subpart V of Part 572—Figures...

49 CFR Appendix A to Subpart V of... - Figures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Figures A Appendix A to Subpart V of Part 572 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female Pt. 572, Subpt. V, App. A Appendix A to Subpart V of Part 572—Figures...

49 CFR 572.198 - Pelvis acetabulum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pelvis acetabulum. 572.198 Section 572.198... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.198 Pelvis acetabulum. (a) The acetabulum is part of the lower... pelvis accelerometer as specified in 49 CFR 572.200(d), acetabulum load cell SA572-S68, mounted as shown...

49 CFR 572.198 - Pelvis acetabulum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pelvis acetabulum. 572.198 Section 572.198... Test Dummy, Small Adult Female § 572.198 Pelvis acetabulum. (a) The acetabulum is part of the lower... pelvis accelerometer as specified in 49 CFR 572.200(d), acetabulum load cell SA572-S68, mounted as shown...

Crash Test Dummies or Knowledgeable Practitioners? Evaluating the Impact of Professional Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrison, Roger; Edwards, Richard; Brown, Jonathan

2001-01-01

Draws on the authors' experience of developing and presenting an Open University Masters level course: Guidance and Counselling in Learning. Explores the diversity of contexts for guidance practices and the assumptions about the relationship between theory and practice that is embedded in various approaches to professional development. (Contains…

49 CFR 572.72 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... intersection of the head midsagittal plane and the transverse plane which is perpendicular to the Z axis of the... and midsagittal planes passing through this point. (3) Impact the head with the test probe so that at... in the dummy's midsagittal plane. (4) Guide the test probe during impact so that there is no...

49 CFR 572.154 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... R5 of this subpart, with the lower limbs extended forward, parallel to the midsagittal plane and the arms 0 to 5 degrees forward of vertical. The dummy's midsagittal plane is vertical within ±/1 degree... alignment). (4) Establish the impact point at the chest midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the...

47 CFR 73.664 - Determining operating power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... power to within an accuracy of ±5% of the power indicated by the full scale reading of the electrical... frequency amplifier stage and the transmission line meter are to be read and compared with similar readings taken with the dummy load replaced by the antenna. These readings must be in substantial agreement. (3...

47 CFR 73.664 - Determining operating power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... power to within an accuracy of ±5% of the power indicated by the full scale reading of the electrical... frequency amplifier stage and the transmission line meter are to be read and compared with similar readings taken with the dummy load replaced by the antenna. These readings must be in substantial agreement. (3...

47 CFR 73.664 - Determining operating power.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... power to within an accuracy of ±5% of the power indicated by the full scale reading of the electrical... frequency amplifier stage and the transmission line meter are to be read and compared with similar readings taken with the dummy load replaced by the antenna. These readings must be in substantial agreement. (3...

Consequences arising from elevated surface temperatures on human blood.

PubMed

Hamilton, Kathrin F; Schmidt, Verena I; Mager, Ilona; Schmitz-Rode, Thomas; Steinseifer, Ulrich

2010-09-01

Heat in blood pumps is generated by losses of the electrical motor and bearings. In the presented study the influence of tempered surfaces on bulk blood and adhesions on these surfaces was examined. Titanium alloy housing dummies were immersed in 25 mL heparinized human blood. The dummies were constantly tempered at specific temperatures (37-45 °C) over 15 min. Blood samples were withdrawn for blood parameter analysis and the determination of the plasmatic coagulation cascade. The quantities of adhesion on surfaces were determined by drained weight. Blood parameters do not alter significantly up to surface temperatures of 45 °C. In comparison to the control specimen, a drop in the platelet count can be observed, but is not significantly temperature dependent. The mean mass of adhesions at 41 °C increased up to 66% compared to 37 °C. Thus, heat generated in electrical motors and contact bearings may influence the amount of adhesions on surfaces. © 2010, Copyright the Authors. Artificial Organs © 2010, International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Numerical reconstruction and injury biomechanism in a car-pedestrian crash accident.

PubMed

Zou, Dong-Hua; Li, Zheng-Dong; Shao, Yu; Feng, Hao; Chen, Jian-Guo; Liu, Ning-Guo; Huang, Ping; Chen, Yi-Jiu

2012-12-01

To reconstruct a car-pedestrian crash accident using numerical simulation technology and explore the injury biomechanism as forensic evidence for injury identification. An integration of multi-body dynamic, finite element (FE), and classical method was applied to a car-pedestrian crash accident. The location of the collision and the details of the traffic accident were determined by vehicle trace verification and autopsy. The accident reconstruction was performed by coupling the three-dimensional car behavior from PC-CRASH with a MADYMO dummy model. The collision FE models of head and leg, developed from CT scans of human remains, were loaded with calculated dummy collision parameters. The data of the impact biomechanical responses were extracted in terms of von Mises stress, relative displacement, strain and stress fringes. The accident reconstruction results were identical with the examined ones and the biomechanism of head and leg injuries, illustrated through the FE methods, were consistent with the classical injury theories. The numerical simulation technology is proved to be effective in identifying traffic accidents and exploring of injury biomechanism.

Submission of FeCrAl Feedstock for Support of AFC ATR-2 Irradiations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Field, Kevin G.; Barrett, Kristine E.; Sun, Zhiqian

The Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) is currently being used to test accident tolerant fuel (ATF) forms destined for commercial nuclear power plant deployment. One irradiation program using the ATR for ATF concepts, Accident Tolerant Fuel-2 (ATF-2), is a water loop irradiation test using miniaturized fuel pins as test articles. This complicated testing configuration requires a series of pre-test experiments and verification including a flowing loop autoclave test and a sensor qualification test (SQT) prior to full test train deployment within the ATR. In support of the ATF-2 irradiation program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has supplied two different Generation IImore » FeCrAl alloys in rod stock form to Idaho National Laboratory (INL). These rods will be machined into dummy pins for deployment in the autoclave test and SQT. Post-test analysis of the dummy pins will provide initial insight into the performance of Generation II FeCrAl alloys in the ATF-2 irradiation experiment as well as within a commercial nuclear reactor.« less

Test-Analysis Correlation of a Crash Simulation of a Vertical Drop Test of a Commuter-Category Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Fasanella, Edwin L.

2004-01-01

A finite element model of an ATR42-300 commuter-class aircraft was developed and a crash simulation was executed. Analytical predictions were correlated with data obtained from a 30-feet per second (9.14-meters per second) vertical drop test of the aircraft. The purpose of the test was to evaluate the structural response of the aircraft when subjected to a severe, but survivable, impact. The aircraft was configured with seats, dummies, luggage, and other ballast. The wings were filled with 8,700 lb. (3,946 kilograms) of water to represent the fuel. The finite element model, which consisted of 57,643 nodes and 62,979 elements, was developed from direct measurements of the airframe geometry. The seats, dummies, luggage, simulated engines and fuel, and other ballast were represented using concentrated masses. The model was executed in LS-DYNA, a commercial finite element code for performing explicit transient dynamic simulations. Analytical predictions of structural deformation and selected time-history responses were correlated with experimental data from the drop test to validate the simulation.

Use of direct washing of chemical dispense nozzle for defect control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Linnane, Michael; Mack, George; Longstaff, Christopher; Winter, Thomas

2006-03-01

Demands for continued defect reduction in 300mm IC manufacturing are driving process engineers to examine all aspects of the chemical apply process for improvement. Historically, the defect contribution from photoresist apply nozzles has been minimized through a carefully controlled process of "dummy dispenses" to keep the photoresist in the tip "fresh" and remove any solidified material, a preventive maintenance regime involving periodic cleaning or replacing of the nozzles, and reliance on a pool of solvent within the nozzle storage block to keep the photoresist from solidifying at the nozzle tip. The industry standard has worked well for the most part but has limitations in terms of cost effectiveness and absolute defect elimination. In this study, we investigate the direct washing of the chemical apply nozzle to reduce defects seen on the coated wafer. Data is presented on how the direct washing of the chemical dispense nozzle can be used to reduce coating related defects, reduce material costs from the reduction of "dummy dispense", and can reduce equipment downtime related to nozzle cleaning or replacement.

Optical coherence tomography used for internal biometrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Shoude; Sherif, Sherif; Mao, Youxin; Flueraru, Costel

2007-06-01

Traditional biometric technologies used for security and person identification essentially deal with fingerprints, hand geometry and face images. However, because all these technologies use external features of human body, they can be easily fooled and tampered with by distorting, modifying or counterfeiting these features. Nowadays, internal biometrics which detects the internal ID features of an object is becoming increasingly important. Being capable of exploring under-skin structure, optical coherence tomography (OCT) system can be used as a powerful tool for internal biometrics. We have applied fiber-optic and full-field OCT systems to detect the multiple-layer 2D images and 3D profile of the fingerprints, which eventually result in a higher discrimination than the traditional 2D recognition methods. More importantly, the OCT based fingerprint recognition has the ability to easily distinguish artificial fingerprint dummies by analyzing the extracted layered surfaces. Experiments show that our OCT systems successfully detected the dummy, which was made of plasticene and was used to bypass the commercially available fingerprint scanning system with a false accept rate (FAR) of 100%.

BIOMECHANICS OF HEAD INJURY IN OLYMPIC TAEKWONDO AND BOXING

PubMed Central

Fife, G.P.; Pieter, W.

2013-01-01

Objective The purpose was to examine differences between taekwondo kicks and boxing punches in resultant linear head acceleration (RLA), head injury criterion (HIC15), peak head velocity, and peak foot and fist velocities. Data from two existing publications on boxing punches and taekwondo kicks were compared. Methods For taekwondo head impacts a Hybrid II Crash Dummy (Hybrid II) head was instrumented with a tri-axial accelerometer mounted inside the Hybrid II head. The Hybrid II was fixed to a height-adjustable frame and fitted with a protective taekwondo helmet. For boxing testing, a Hybrid III Crash Dummy head was instrumented with an array of tri-axial accelerometers mounted at the head centre of gravity. Results Differences in RLA between the roundhouse kick (130.11±51.67 g) and hook punch (71.23±32.19 g, d = 1.39) and in HIC15 (clench axe kick: 162.63±104.10; uppercut: 24.10±12.54, d = 2.29) were observed. Conclusions Taekwondo kicks demonstrated significantly larger magnitudes than boxing punches for both RLA and HIC. PMID:24744497

Packin' ya Eskies!

PubMed

Bryce, Sharon; Taylor, Fiona; Shaw, Warwick

2010-08-01

The objective was to document a Process Validation on the packaging of human tissue grafts using polystyrene boxes containing dry ice for short term storage. The aim was to give a high degree of assurance that the processed grafts would be maintained at -20 degrees C for a period of time to allow distribution to customers. This study was designed to comply with the Australian GMP-Human Blood and Tissues and AATB Standards for Tissue Banking (Ed 12) American Association of Tissue Banks Section E4.141-Storage Conditions for Commonly Transplanted Human Tissue. Four Eskies were packed with 1, 4, 10 & 20 "dummy" allografts with thermocouples and Data Loggers attached with 3.5, 7, 15 and 20 kg of dry ice packed around the "dummy" allografts, respectively. All Eskies were weighed six times over a 48 h period and temperatures recorded. The results showed that one allograft in an Esky with 3.5 kg of dry ice was able to be stored for up to 31 h and fifteen allografts in an Esky containing 20 kg dry ice lasted 48 h.

Thermal design of the hard x-ray imager and the soft gamma-ray detector onboard ASTRO-H

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noda, Hirofumi; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Makishima, Kazuo; Iwata, Naoko; Ogawa, Hiroyuki; Ohta, Masayuki; Sato, Goro; Kawaharada, Madoka; Watanabe, Shin; Kokubun, Motohide; Takahashi, Tadayuki; Ohno, Masanori; Fukazawa, Yasushi; Tajima, Hiroyasu; Uchiyama, Hideki; Ito, Shuji; Fukuzawa, Keita

2014-07-01

The Hard X-ray Imager and the Soft Gamma-ray Detector, onboard the 6th Japanese X-ray satellite ASTRO-H, aim at unprecedentedly-sensitive observations in the 5-80 keV and 40-600 keV bands, respectively. Because their main sensors are composed of a number of semi-conductor devices, which need to be operated in a temperature of -20 to -15°C, heat generated in the sensors must be efficiently transported outwards by thermal conduction. For this purpose, we performed thermal design, with the following three steps. First, we additionally included thermally-conductive parts, copper poles and graphite sheets. Second, constructing a thermal mathematical model of the sensors, we estimated temperature distributions in thermal equilibria. Since the model had rather large uncertainties in contact thermal conductions, an accurate thermal dummy was constructed as our final step. Vacuum measurement with the dummy successfully reduced the conductance uncertainties. With these steps, we confirmed that our thermal design of the main sensors satisfies the temperature requirement.

SU-E-T-315: Planning and Verification of CT-Based HDR Intraluminal Brachytherapy Treatment for Malignant Obstructive Jaundice.

PubMed

Svoboda, A; Lo, Y; Sheu, R; Dumane, V; Rosenzweig, K

2012-06-01

To present our experience using CT to plan and verify intraluminal HDR treatment for a patient with obstructive jaundice. Due to the obstruction's proximity to the small bowel, along with small bowel adhesions from past surgical history, it was imperative to verify source position relative to the bowel before each treatment. Treatment was administered to a total dose of 2000cGy in 5 fractions via a 6F intraluminal catheter inserted into the patient's 14F percutaneous drainage catheter. Graduations on the intraluminal catheter were used to measure the exact length of catheter inserted in to the patient's drainage tube allowing reproducibility. Dummy seeds inserted during CT were identified by iteratively aligning the planning system's 3D reconstruction axis to the catheter at multiple points as it snaked through the liver. Taking in to account the known offset between actual dwell positions and dummy source positions, we determined what dwell positions to activate for planning. CT verification was performed prior to each treatment to insure that the drainage catheter had not moved and that the distance from treatment site to small bowel was adequate. Dummy seeds and anatomical landmarks were identified on the scout image and correlated to the CT. Verification CTs showed remarkable consistency in the day-to-day drainage catheter position. The physician was able to easily identify the small bowel of concern on the CT and determine if a safe distance existed for treatment. The method outlined in this work provides a safe means by which to treat bile duct obstructions using HDR when critical structures are nearby. We were prepared to make real-time adjustments to our treatment plan to account for significant variation, but found it unnecessary to do so in this particular case. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

AGARD (Advisory Group for Aerospace Research & Development) Index of Publications, 1980-1982.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

anthropometric dummy. The shoulder rotation mechanism with good crashworthy features which car be strap of the seat belt was pulled various distances up to...nr orgo ". g~aion Systems criteria for noodling goalies of Roof-time sIMUlation An) roitspensabre trot oon’us,.r * lr-, r’ihr.--r~ ;r rpriscr

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart I of... - Alternative Procedures for Measuring Point-of-Use Abatement Device Destruction or Removal Efficiency

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... native AOI concentration (ppm) of the effluent during stable conditions. (14) Post-test calibration. At... or removal efficiencies must be determined while etching a substrate (product, dummy, or test). For... curves for the subsequent destruction or removal efficiency tests. (8) Mass location calibration. A...

Development of Morphosyntactic Accuracy and Grammatical Complexity in Dutch School-Age Children with SLI

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zwitserlood, Rob; van Weerdenburg, Marjolijn; Verhoeven, Ludo; Wijnen, Frank

2015-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the development of morphosyntactic accuracy and grammatical complexity in Dutch school-age children with specific language impairment (SLI). Method: Morphosyntactic accuracy, the use of dummy auxiliaries, and complex syntax were assessed using a narrative task that was administered at three points…

Investigation of Inertial Properties of the Human Body

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-03-01

1.67 Principal Moments of Inertia CX 103 gm--c 2) Subject: 1 2 3 4 5 6 SD 1 14436 20449 23142 13555 12464 13116 16,193.7 4,079.0xx 1 9315 14320 18063...Handboox ’ Part 2, New York. Anthropomorphic Test Dummy. 1973. Auto Crash Performance, ___________ ____________Part 572, pp. 20449 -20456 in Federal

Do All Roads Lead to Rome? ("or" Reductions for Dummy Travelers)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kilpelainen, Pekka

2010-01-01

Reduction is a central ingredient of computational thinking, and an important tool in algorithm design, in computability theory, and in complexity theory. Reduction has been recognized to be a difficult topic for students to learn. Previous studies on teaching reduction have concentrated on its use in special courses on the theory of computing. As…

Gender Differences in Research Patterns among PhD Economists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barbezat, Debra A.

2006-01-01

This study is based on a 1996 survey of PhD economists working in the academic and nonacademic sectors since 1989. Despite a raw gender difference in all types of research output, the male dummy variable proves statistically significant in predicting only one publication measure. In a full sample and faculty subsample, number of years since…

49 CFR 572.172 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.172 Section... Hybrid III 10-Year-Old Child Test Dummy (HIII-10C) § 572.172 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly for this test consists of the complete head (drawing 420-1000), a six-axis neck...

49 CFR 572.142 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.142 Section...-year-Old Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.142 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly (refer to § 572.140(a)(1)(i)) for this test consists of the head (drawing 210-1000), adapter plate...

49 CFR 572.172 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.172 Section... Hybrid III 10-Year-Old Child Test Dummy (HIII-10C) § 572.172 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly for this test consists of the complete head (drawing 420-1000), a six-axis neck...

49 CFR 572.172 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.172 Section... Hybrid III 10-Year-Old Child Test Dummy (HIII-10C) § 572.172 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly for this test consists of the complete head (drawing 420-1000), a six-axis neck...

49 CFR 572.132 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.132 Section... Hybrid III 5th Percentile Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.132 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly (refer to § 572.130(a)(1)(i)) for this test consists of the complete head (drawing...

49 CFR 572.142 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.142 Section...-year-Old Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.142 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly (refer to § 572.140(a)(1)(i)) for this test consists of the head (drawing 210-1000), adapter plate...

49 CFR 572.132 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.132 Section... Hybrid III 5th Percentile Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.132 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly (refer to § 572.130(a)(1)(i)) for this test consists of the complete head (drawing...

49 CFR 572.142 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.142 Section...-year-Old Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.142 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly (refer to § 572.140(a)(1)(i)) for this test consists of the head (drawing 210-1000), adapter plate...

49 CFR 572.132 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.132 Section... Hybrid III 5th Percentile Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.132 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly (refer to § 572.130(a)(1)(i)) for this test consists of the complete head (drawing...

49 CFR 572.132 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.132 Section... Hybrid III 5th Percentile Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.132 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly (refer to § 572.130(a)(1)(i)) for this test consists of the complete head (drawing...

49 CFR 572.142 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.142 Section...-year-Old Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.142 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly (refer to § 572.140(a)(1)(i)) for this test consists of the head (drawing 210-1000), adapter plate...

49 CFR 572.132 - Head assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Head assembly and test procedure. 572.132 Section... Hybrid III 5th Percentile Female Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.132 Head assembly and test procedure. (a) The head assembly (refer to § 572.130(a)(1)(i)) for this test consists of the complete head (drawing...

76 FR 65101 - Special Conditions: Embraer S.A.; Model EMB 500; Single-Place Side Facing Seat Dynamic Test...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-20

... anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) or its equivalent, undeformed floor, no yaw, and with all lateral structural... Side Facing Seat Dynamic Test Requirements AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION... installation of a single-place side facing seat on Embraer S.A. EMB 500 aircraft. Side- facing seats are...

35. VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST AT THE STATIC TEST TOWER. A ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST AT THE STATIC TEST TOWER. A 'DUMMY' SATURN I BOOSTER IS BEING HOISTED INTO THE TEST STAND TO TEST THE MATING OF THE BOOSTER AND THE TEST STAND. EARLY 1960, PHOTOGRAPHER UNKNOWN, MSFC PHOTO LAB. - Marshall Space Flight Center, Saturn Propulsion & Structural Test Facility, East Test Area, Huntsville, Madison County, AL

Cosmonauts and astronauts during medical operations training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-11

Cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov (left), Mir 18 mission commander, among a group of Russians in the United States to participate in training for the joint Russia - United States space missions, conducts an intubation on a dummy. Dezhurov, along with Mir 18 flight engineer Gennadiy M. Strekalov (pictured) prepare for upcoming missions which involve crew members from the two nations.

49 CFR 572.43 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... laterally by a test probe conforming to § 572.44(a) at 14 fps in accordance with paragraph (b) of this... horizontally forward. (2) Place the longitudinal centerline of the test probe at the lateral side of the pelvis... vertical plane which is tangent to the back of the dummy's buttocks. (3) Align the test probe so that at...

49 CFR 572.43 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... laterally by a test probe conforming to § 572.44(a) at 14 fps in accordance with paragraph (b) of this... horizontally forward. (2) Place the longitudinal centerline of the test probe at the lateral side of the pelvis... vertical plane which is tangent to the back of the dummy's buttocks. (3) Align the test probe so that at...

49 CFR 572.43 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... laterally by a test probe conforming to § 572.44(a) at 14 fps in accordance with paragraph (b) of this... horizontally forward. (2) Place the longitudinal centerline of the test probe at the lateral side of the pelvis... vertical plane which is tangent to the back of the dummy's buttocks. (3) Align the test probe so that at...

49 CFR 572.43 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... laterally by a test probe conforming to § 572.44(a) at 14 fps in accordance with paragraph (b) of this... horizontally forward. (2) Place the longitudinal centerline of the test probe at the lateral side of the pelvis... vertical plane which is tangent to the back of the dummy's buttocks. (3) Align the test probe so that at...

Mirrors, Mirrors on the Wall...The Ubiquitous Multiple Reflection Error

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawson, Rebecca

2012-01-01

Participants decided when somebody, Janine, could see their face in a horizontal row of adjacent mirrors mounted flat on the same wall. They saw real mirrors and a shop-dummy representing Janine. Such coplanar mirrors reflect different, non-overlapping areas of a scene. However, almost everybody made an unexpected error: they claimed that Janine…

76 FR 55230 - Special Conditions: Embraer S.A.; Model EMB 505; Single-Place Side-Facing Lavatory Seat Dynamic...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-07

... will facilitate egress after an accident, including leaving the lavatory door locked open during taxi... (foam or equivalent), such as Ensolite. (c) Thoracic Trauma. Testing with a Side Impact Dummy (SID), as... pounds. (g) Emergency Evacuation. When occupied, the lavatory door must be latched open for takeoff and...

49 CFR 572.86 - Test conditions and dummy adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... lying on a horizontal surface and the neck assembly mounted and shoulders on the edge of the surface... surface with the shoulders on the edge of the surface, mount the head and tighten the head bolt and nut... upper arm and tighten firmly the adjustment bolts for the shoulder joint with the upper arm placed in a...

49 CFR 572.86 - Test conditions and dummy adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lying on a horizontal surface and the neck assembly mounted and shoulders on the edge of the surface... surface with the shoulders on the edge of the surface, mount the head and tighten the head bolt and nut... upper arm and tighten firmly the adjustment bolts for the shoulder joint with the upper arm placed in a...

49 CFR 572.86 - Test conditions and dummy adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lying on a horizontal surface and the neck assembly mounted and shoulders on the edge of the surface... surface with the shoulders on the edge of the surface, mount the head and tighten the head bolt and nut... upper arm and tighten firmly the adjustment bolts for the shoulder joint with the upper arm placed in a...

49 CFR 572.86 - Test conditions and dummy adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... lying on a horizontal surface and the neck assembly mounted and shoulders on the edge of the surface... surface with the shoulders on the edge of the surface, mount the head and tighten the head bolt and nut... upper arm and tighten firmly the adjustment bolts for the shoulder joint with the upper arm placed in a...

49 CFR 572.86 - Test conditions and dummy adjustment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lying on a horizontal surface and the neck assembly mounted and shoulders on the edge of the surface... surface with the shoulders on the edge of the surface, mount the head and tighten the head bolt and nut... upper arm and tighten firmly the adjustment bolts for the shoulder joint with the upper arm placed in a...

Nursing Home Staffing and Quality under the Nursing Home Reform Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Xinzhi; Grabowski, David C.

2004-01-01

Purpose: We examine whether the Nursing Home Reform Act (NHRA) improved nursing home staffing and quality. Design and Methods: Data from 5,092 nursing homes were linked across the 1987 Medicare/Medicaid Automated Certification System and the 1993 Online Survey, Certification and Reporting system. A dummy-year model was used to examine the effects…

49 CFR 572.115 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Lumbar spine and pelvis. 572.115 Section 572.115... 50th Percentile Male § 572.115 Lumbar spine and pelvis. The specifications and test procedure for the lumbar spine and pelvis are identical to those for the SID dummy as set forth in § 572.42 except that the...

49 CFR 572.115 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Lumbar spine and pelvis. 572.115 Section 572.115... 50th Percentile Male § 572.115 Lumbar spine and pelvis. The specifications and test procedure for the lumbar spine and pelvis are identical to those for the SID dummy as set forth in § 572.42 except that the...

49 CFR 572.115 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lumbar spine and pelvis. 572.115 Section 572.115... 50th Percentile Male § 572.115 Lumbar spine and pelvis. The specifications and test procedure for the lumbar spine and pelvis are identical to those for the SID dummy as set forth in § 572.42 except that the...

49 CFR 572.115 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Lumbar spine and pelvis. 572.115 Section 572.115... 50th Percentile Male § 572.115 Lumbar spine and pelvis. The specifications and test procedure for the lumbar spine and pelvis are identical to those for the SID dummy as set forth in § 572.42 except that the...

49 CFR 572.115 - Lumbar spine and pelvis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Lumbar spine and pelvis. 572.115 Section 572.115... 50th Percentile Male § 572.115 Lumbar spine and pelvis. The specifications and test procedure for the lumbar spine and pelvis are identical to those for the SID dummy as set forth in § 572.42 except that the...

49 CFR 572.75 - Lumbar spine, abdomen, and pelvis assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... specified in Figure 42. (2) Adjust the dummy by— (i) Tightening the femur ballflange screws at each hip socket joint to 50 inch-pounds torque; (ii) Attaching the pelvis to the seating surface by a bolt D/605... drawing Figure 42. (iv) Tightening the mountings so that the pelvis-lumbar joining surface is horizontal...

49 CFR 572.75 - Lumbar spine, abdomen, and pelvis assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... specified in Figure 42. (2) Adjust the dummy by— (i) Tightening the femur ballflange screws at each hip socket joint to 50 inch-pounds torque; (ii) Attaching the pelvis to the seating surface by a bolt D/605... drawing Figure 42. (iv) Tightening the mountings so that the pelvis-lumbar joining surface is horizontal...

49 CFR 572.75 - Lumbar spine, abdomen, and pelvis assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... specified in Figure 42. (2) Adjust the dummy by— (i) Tightening the femur ballflange screws at each hip socket joint to 50 inch-pounds torque; (ii) Attaching the pelvis to the seating surface by a bolt D/605... drawing Figure 42. (iv) Tightening the mountings so that the pelvis-lumbar joining surface is horizontal...

49 CFR 572.75 - Lumbar spine, abdomen, and pelvis assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... specified in Figure 42. (2) Adjust the dummy by— (i) Tightening the femur ballflange screws at each hip socket joint to 50 inch-pounds torque; (ii) Attaching the pelvis to the seating surface by a bolt D/605... drawing Figure 42. (iv) Tightening the mountings so that the pelvis-lumbar joining surface is horizontal...

49 CFR 572.75 - Lumbar spine, abdomen, and pelvis assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... specified in Figure 42. (2) Adjust the dummy by— (i) Tightening the femur ballflange screws at each hip socket joint to 50 inch-pounds torque; (ii) Attaching the pelvis to the seating surface by a bolt D/605... drawing Figure 42. (iv) Tightening the mountings so that the pelvis-lumbar joining surface is horizontal...

49 CFR 572.124 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... horizontally and forward, parallel to the midsagittal plane, the midsagittal plane vertical within ±1 degree... the impact point at the chest midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the midsagittal plane of the dummy within ±2.5 mm (0.1 in) and is 12.7...

The Simple View of Education or Education Policy for Dummies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wadsworth, John

2010-01-01

In November 2009 the current Secretary of State for Education, Michael Gove, gave a speech at the Centre for Policy Studies in which he set out the Conservative Party's priorities for education. This article explores some of the proposals in his speech, with particular references to initial teacher education and his attraction to Nordic and US…

SAREX 2007 Search Event Data Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

Figure B-6: Target 5 - Floater - View A........................................................................................ 32 Figure B-7: Target 5... Floater - View B........................................................................................ 32 Figure B-8: Target 6 - Debris field...orange floating debris NO 5 (53°, 8.680’),(-60°, 29.270’) Floater (dummy with blue swim suit) NO 6 (53°, 4.170’),(-60°, 19.230’) Parts of plane NO 7

What Are We Educating Our Youth for? The Role of Education in the Era of Vocational Schools for "Dummies" and Diploma Mill Universities in Ukraine

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Korzh, Alla

2013-01-01

This qualitative multisite case study contextualized in the political economy of Ukraine examines orphanage youth's conceptualization of the role of vocational and higher education in the neoliberal era and highlights educational transformations in Ukraine. Drawing on Bourdieu's forms of capital (cultural, social, and economic), this research…

33 CFR 334.410 - Albemarle Sound, Pamlico Sound, and adjacent waters, NC; danger zones for naval aircraft operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... bombs which contain only small explosive charges for producing smoke puffs to mark points of impact. All... operations. Dummy ammunition, waterfilled or smoke bombs and inert rockets will be used, except during wartime when live ammunition, bombs and rockets may be used. The area will be open to navigation except...

49 CFR 572.154 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... test probe conforming to § 572.155(a) at 5.0 ±0.1m/s (16.5 ±0.3 ft/s) according to the test procedure in paragraph (c) of this section, the peak force, measured by the impact probe in accordance with... longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the dummy's midsagittal plane, is centered on the torso 196...

49 CFR 572.154 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... test probe conforming to § 572.155(a) at 5.0 ±0.1m/s (16.5 ±0.3 ft/s) according to the test procedure in paragraph (c) of this section, the peak force, measured by the impact probe in accordance with... longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the dummy's midsagittal plane, is centered on the torso 196...

49 CFR 572.154 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... test probe conforming to § 572.155(a) at 5.0 ±0.1m/s (16.5 ±0.3 ft/s) according to the test procedure in paragraph (c) of this section, the peak force, measured by the impact probe in accordance with... longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the dummy's midsagittal plane, is centered on the torso 196...

49 CFR 572.154 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... test probe conforming to § 572.155(a) at 5.0 ±0.1m/s (16.5 ±0.3 ft/s) according to the test procedure in paragraph (c) of this section, the peak force, measured by the impact probe in accordance with... longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the dummy's midsagittal plane, is centered on the torso 196...

49 CFR 572.125 - Upper and lower torso assemblies and torso flexion test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of the dummy, the pull cable, and the load cell as shown in Figure N5. (7) Apply a tension force in the midsagittal plane to the pull cable as shown in Figure N5 at any upper torso deflection rate... determine the stiffness effects of the lumbar spine (drawing 127-3002), including cable (drawing 127-8095...

Meaning and Function of Dummy Auxiliaries in Adult Acquisition of Dutch as an Additional Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Julien, Manuela; van Hout, Roeland; van de Craats, Ineke

2016-01-01

This article presents the results of experimental data on language production and comprehension. These show that adult learners of Dutch as an additional language, with different language backgrounds, and a L2 proficiency below level A2 (Waystage) of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR; Council of Europe, 2001), use…

33 CFR 334.410 - Albemarle Sound, Pamlico Sound, and adjacent waters, NC; danger zones for naval aircraft operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... bombs which contain only small explosive charges for producing smoke puffs to mark points of impact. All... operations. Dummy ammunition, waterfilled or smoke bombs and inert rockets will be used, except during wartime when live ammunition, bombs and rockets may be used. The area will be open to navigation except...

33 CFR 334.410 - Albemarle Sound, Pamlico Sound, and adjacent waters, NC; danger zones for naval aircraft operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... bombs which contain only small explosive charges for producing smoke puffs to mark points of impact. All... operations. Dummy ammunition, waterfilled or smoke bombs and inert rockets will be used, except during wartime when live ammunition, bombs and rockets may be used. The area will be open to navigation except...

33 CFR 334.410 - Albemarle Sound, Pamlico Sound, and adjacent waters, NC; danger zones for naval aircraft operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... bombs which contain only small explosive charges for producing smoke puffs to mark points of impact. All... operations. Dummy ammunition, waterfilled or smoke bombs and inert rockets will be used, except during wartime when live ammunition, bombs and rockets may be used. The area will be open to navigation except...

33 CFR 334.420 - Pamlico Sound and adjacent waters, N.C.; danger zones for Marine Corps operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Bombing and rocket firing area in Pamlico Sound in vicinity of Brant Island—(1) The area. The waters.... Upon being so warned vessels working in the area shall leave the area immediately. (b) Bombing, rocket... bombing, rocket firing, and strafing areas. Live and dummy ammunition will be used. The area shall be...

Pediatric Anthropometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klinich, Kathleen D.; Reed, Matthew P.

Anthropometry is the measurement of human size, shape, and physical capabilities. Most pediatric anthropometry data are gathered to describe child growth patterns, but data on body size, mass distribution, range of motion, and posture are used to develop crash test dummies and computational models of child occupants. Pediatric anthropometry data are also used to determine child restraint dimensions, so they will accommodate the applicable population of child occupants.

11. The work area of a typical fuel storage and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. The work area of a typical fuel storage and transfer basin. The wooden floor was built over the 20-foot deep water-filled basin. Buckets filled with irradiated fuel of dummy slugs in the floor and were hung on trolleys attached to the monorail tracks suspended from the ceiling. 85-H807 - B Reactor, Richland, Benton County, WA

49 CFR 572.144 - Thorax assembly and test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the midsagittal plane, the midsagittal plane being vertical within ±1 degree and the ribs level in the... midsagittal plane so that the impact point of the longitudinal centerline of the probe coincides with the dummy's mid-sagittal plane and is centered on the center of No. 2 rib within ±2.5 mm (0.1 in.) and 0.5...

Using a Market Ratio Factor in Faculty Salary Equity Studies. Professional File Number 103, Spring 2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luna, Andrew L.

2007-01-01

This study used two multiple regression analyses to develop an explanatory model to determine which model might best explain faculty salaries. The central purpose of the study was to determine if using a single market ratio variable was a stronger predictor for faculty salaries than the use of dummy variables representing various disciplines.…

20 kA PFN capacitor bank with solid-state switching. [pulse forming network for plasma studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Posta, S. J.; Michels, C. J.

1973-01-01

A compact high-current pulse-forming network capacitor bank using paralleled silicon controlled rectifiers as switches is described. The maximum charging voltage of the bank is 1kV and maximum load current is 20 kA. The necessary switch equalization criteria and performance with dummy load and an arc plasma generator are described.

Deprivation and self-reported health: are there 'Scottish effects' in England and Wales?

PubMed

Whynes, David K

2009-03-01

Although the association between poor health and deprivation is well-founded, a 'Scottish effect' has been observed, whereby the level of health appears even poorer than Scotland's higher level of deprivation should warrant. We consider whether 'Scottish effects' also occur within the regions of England and Wales. Using ward-level data from the national census, we regress healthy life expectancies relative to total life expectancies on Carstairs deprivation scores, households' average disposable incomes, geo-spatial characteristics and regional dummy variables. Higher incomes and lower Carstairs scores are each associated with longer proportions of lives expected to be spent in good health or without long-standing illness. Relative to the London region, the coefficients on the regional dummies are uniformly negative and mostly significant. There exist differences in relative health expectancies between the regions of England and Wales, which are not fully explained by the differences in socio-economic circumstances. Conventional deprivation measures tend to understate the poorer health performances of the more deprived regions (Wales and the north of England), and the understatement increases with deprivation. The exception to the rule is London, where health expectancies are superior to those which deprivation leads us to expect.

Sub-cooled liquid nitrogen cryogenic system with neon turbo-refrigerator for HTS power equipment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshida, S.; Hirai, H.; Nara, N.; Ozaki, S.; Hirokawa, M.; Eguchi, T.; Hayashi, H.; Iwakuma, M.; Shiohara, Y.

2014-01-01

We developed a prototype sub-cooled liquid nitrogen (LN) circulation system for HTS power equipment. The system consists of a neon turbo-Brayton refrigerator with a LN sub-cooler and LN circulation pump unit. The neon refrigerator has more than 2 kW cooling power at 65 K. The LN sub-cooler is a plate-fin type heat exchanger and is installed in a refrigerator cold box. In order to carry out the system performance tests, a dummy cryostat having an electric heater was set instead of a HTS power equipment. Sub-cooled LN is delivered into the sub-cooler by the LN circulation pump and cooled within it. After the sub-cooler, sub-cooled LN goes out from the cold box to the dummy cryostat, and comes back to the pump unit. The system can control an outlet sub-cooled LN temperature by adjusting refrigerator cooling power. The refrigerator cooling power is automatically controlled by the turbo-compressor rotational speed. In the performance tests, we increased an electric heater power from 200 W to 1300 W abruptly. We confirmed the temperature fluctuation was about ±1 K. We show the cryogenic system details and performance test results in this paper.

Development of an LS-DYNA Model of an ATR42-300 Aircraft for Crash Simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, Karen E.; Fasanella, Edwin L.

2004-01-01

This paper describes the development of an LS-DYNA simulation of a vertical drop test of an ATR42-300 twin-turboprop high-wing commuter-class airplane. A 30-ft/s drop test of this aircraft was performed onto a concrete impact surface at the FAA Technical Center on July 30, 2003. The purpose of the test was to evaluate the structural response of a commuter-class aircraft when subjected to a severe, but survivable, impact. The aircraft was configured with crew and passenger seats, anthropomorphic test dummies, forward and aft luggage, instrumentation, and onboard data acquisition systems. The wings were filled with approximately 8,700 lb. of water to represent the fuel and the aircraft weighed a total of 33,200 lb. The model, which consisted of 57,643 nodes and 62,979 elements, was developed from direct measurements of the airframe geometry, over a period of approximately 8 months. The seats, dummies, luggage, fuel, and other ballast were represented using concentrated masses. Comparisons were made of the structural deformation and failure behavior of the airframe, as well as selected acceleration time history responses.

A dummy cell immersed boundary method for incompressible turbulence simulations over dirty geometries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Onishi, Keiji; Tsubokura, Makoto

2016-11-01

A methodology to eliminate the manual work required for correcting the surface imperfections of computer-aided-design (CAD) data, will be proposed. Such a technique is indispensable for CFD analysis of industrial applications involving complex geometries. The CAD geometry is degenerated into cell-oriented values based on Cartesian grid. This enables the parallel pre-processing as well as the ability to handle 'dirty' CAD data that has gaps, overlaps, or sharp edges without necessitating any fixes. An arbitrary boundary representation is used with a dummy-cell technique based on immersed boundary (IB) method. To model the IB, a forcing term is directly imposed at arbitrary ghost cells by linear interpolation of the momentum. The mass conservation is satisfied in the approximate domain that covers fluid region except the wall including cells. Attempts to Satisfy mass conservation in the wall containing cells leads to pressure oscillations near the IB. The consequence of this approximation will be discussed through fundamental study of an LES based channel flow simulation, and high Reynolds number flow around a sphere. And, an analysis comparing our results with wind tunnel experiments of flow around a full-vehicle geometry will also be presented.

A fast point-cloud computing method based on spatial symmetry of Fresnel field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiangxiang; Zhang, Kai; Shen, Chuan; Zhu, Wenliang; Wei, Sui

2017-10-01

Aiming at the great challenge for Computer Generated Hologram (CGH) duo to the production of high spatial-bandwidth product (SBP) is required in the real-time holographic video display systems. The paper is based on point-cloud method and it takes advantage of the propagating reversibility of Fresnel diffraction in the propagating direction and the fringe pattern of a point source, known as Gabor zone plate has spatial symmetry, so it can be used as a basis for fast calculation of diffraction field in CGH. A fast Fresnel CGH method based on the novel look-up table (N-LUT) method is proposed, the principle fringe patterns (PFPs) at the virtual plane is pre-calculated by the acceleration algorithm and be stored. Secondly, the Fresnel diffraction fringe pattern at dummy plane can be obtained. Finally, the Fresnel propagation from dummy plan to hologram plane. The simulation experiments and optical experiments based on Liquid Crystal On Silicon (LCOS) is setup to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method under the premise of ensuring the quality of 3D reconstruction the method proposed in the paper can be applied to shorten the computational time and improve computational efficiency.

Spatial analysis of cities using Renyi entropy and fractal parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yanguang; Feng, Jian

2017-12-01

The spatial distributions of cities fall into two groups: one is the simple distribution with characteristic scale (e.g. exponential distribution), and the other is the complex distribution without characteristic scale (e.g. power-law distribution). The latter belongs to scale-free distributions, which can be modeled with fractal geometry. However, fractal dimension is not suitable for the former distribution. In contrast, spatial entropy can be used to measure any types of urban distributions. This paper is devoted to generalizing multifractal parameters by means of dual relation between Euclidean and fractal geometries. The main method is mathematical derivation and empirical analysis, and the theoretical foundation is the discovery that the normalized fractal dimension is equal to the normalized entropy. Based on this finding, a set of useful spatial indexes termed dummy multifractal parameters are defined for geographical analysis. These indexes can be employed to describe both the simple distributions and complex distributions. The dummy multifractal indexes are applied to the population density distribution of Hangzhou city, China. The calculation results reveal the feature of spatio-temporal evolution of Hangzhou's urban morphology. This study indicates that fractal dimension and spatial entropy can be combined to produce a new methodology for spatial analysis of city development.

A theoretical-electron-density databank using a model of real and virtual spherical atoms.

PubMed

Nassour, Ayoub; Domagala, Slawomir; Guillot, Benoit; Leduc, Theo; Lecomte, Claude; Jelsch, Christian

2017-08-01

A database describing the electron density of common chemical groups using combinations of real and virtual spherical atoms is proposed, as an alternative to the multipolar atom modelling of the molecular charge density. Theoretical structure factors were computed from periodic density functional theory calculations on 38 crystal structures of small molecules and the charge density was subsequently refined using a density model based on real spherical atoms and additional dummy charges on the covalent bonds and on electron lone-pair sites. The electron-density parameters of real and dummy atoms present in a similar chemical environment were averaged on all the molecules studied to build a database of transferable spherical atoms. Compared with the now-popular databases of transferable multipolar parameters, the spherical charge modelling needs fewer parameters to describe the molecular electron density and can be more easily incorporated in molecular modelling software for the computation of electrostatic properties. The construction method of the database is described. In order to analyse to what extent this modelling method can be used to derive meaningful molecular properties, it has been applied to the urea molecule and to biotin/streptavidin, a protein/ligand complex.

Full-Scale Crash Test of a MD-500 Helicopter with Deployable Energy Absorbers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kellas, Sotiris; Jackson, Karen E.; Littell, Justin D.

2010-01-01

A new externally deployable energy absorbing system was demonstrated during a full-scale crash test of an MD-500 helicopter. The deployable system is a honeycomb structure and utilizes composite materials in its construction. A set of two Deployable Energy Absorbers (DEAs) were fitted on the MD-500 helicopter for the full-scale crash demonstration. Four anthropomorphic dummy occupants were also used to assess human survivability. A demonstration test was performed at NASA Langley's Landing and Impact Research Facility (LandIR). The test involved impacting the helicopter on a concrete surface with combined forward and vertical velocity components of 40-ft/s and 26-ft/s, respectively. The objectives of the test were to evaluate the performance of the DEA concept under realistic crash conditions and to generate test data for validation of dynamic finite element simulations. Descriptions of this test as well as other component and full-scale tests leading to the helicopter test are discussed. Acceleration data from the anthropomorphic dummies showed that dynamic loads were successfully attenuated to within non-injurious levels. Moreover, the airframe itself survived the relatively severe impact and was retested to provide baseline data for comparison for cases with and without DEAs.

Evaluation of methods for attaching PIT tags and biotelemetry devices to freshwater mussels

USGS Publications Warehouse

Young, S.P.; Isely, J.J.

2008-01-01

We evaluated methods to attach PIT tags and transmitters to freshwater mussels. Mussels received externally-mounted PIT tags using cyanoacrylate or underwater epoxy, and a sub-group of those with PIT tags attached using cyanoacrylate also received dummy transmitters. Tag retention and survival were 100% after a 30 day laboratory observation period for each method. During the subsequent 18 months of field observation, underwater epoxy and cyanoacrylate proved to be adequate adhesives for attaching PIT tags and transmitters. Epoxy performed best with 100% PIT tag retention. Cyanoacrylate also provided high retention rates of PIT tags and transmitters, >90%. Mortality was minimal at 4.7% for all relocated mussels over 18 months. All mortalities were those tagged with cyanoacrylate. Three of the mortalities occurred among mussels fitted with dummy transmitters, and seven among PIT tags only. Percent recapture of the different tag/adhesive combinations ranged from 48 - 77.5% during 6- and 18-month surveys. Results suggest both adhesives provide a reliable method for external attachment of tags during freshwater mussel research; however, epoxy may be better suited because of slightly higher tag retention and reduced emersion times during attachment. Copyright ?? 2008 Malacological Society of Australasia.

CAD/CAE-technologies application for assessment of passenger safety on railway transport in emergency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antipin, D. Ya; Shorokhov, S. G.; Bondarenko, O. I.

2018-03-01

A possibility of using current software products realizing CAD/CAE-technologies for the assessment of passenger safety in emergency cases on railway transport has been analyzed. On the basis of the developed solid computer model of an anthropometric dummy, the authors carried out an analysis of possible levels of passenger injury during accident collision of a train with an obstacle.