Biomechanical Comparison of 3 Ankle Braces With and Without Free Rotation in the Sagittal Plane

PubMed Central

Alfuth, Martin; Klein, Dieter; Koch, Raphael; Rosenbaum, Dieter

2014-01-01

Context: Various designs of braces including hinged and nonhinged models are used to provide external support of the ankle. Hinged ankle braces supposedly allow almost free dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot in the sagittal plane. It is unclear, however, whether this additional degree of freedom affects the stabilizing effect of the brace in the other planes of motion. Objective: To investigate the dynamic and passive stabilizing effects of 3 ankle braces, 2 hinged models that provide free plantar flexion–dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane and 1 ankle brace without a hinge. Design: Crossover study. Setting: University Movement Analysis Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Seventeen healthy volunteers (5 women, 12 men; age = 25.4 ± 4.8 years; height = 180.3 ± 6.5 cm; body mass = 75.5 ± 10.4 kg). Intervention(s): We dynamically induced foot inversion on a tilting platform and passively induced foot movements in 6 directions via a custom-built apparatus in 3 brace conditions and a control condition (no brace). Main Outcome Measure(s): Maximum inversion was determined dynamically using an in-shoe electrogoniometer. Passively induced maximal joint angles were measured using a torque and angle sensor. We analyzed differences among the 4 ankle-brace conditions (3 braces, 1 control) for each of the dependent variables with Friedman and post hoc tests (P < .05). Results: Each ankle brace restricted dynamic foot-inversion movements on the tilting platform as compared with the control condition, whereas only the 2 hinged ankle braces differed from each other, with greater movement restriction caused by the Ankle X model. Passive foot inversion was reduced with all ankle braces. Passive plantar flexion was greater in the hinged models as compared with the nonhinged brace. Conclusions: All ankle braces showed stabilizing effects against dynamic and passive foot inversion. Differences between the hinged braces and the nonhinged brace did not appear to be clinically relevant. PMID:25098661

A less intensive bracing protocol for pectus carinatum.

PubMed

Wahba, George; Nasr, Ahmed; Bettolli, Marcos

2017-11-01

Despite the widespread use of bracing to correct Pectus carinatum (PC) there is no consensus in the number of hours per day patients are instructed to wear the brace. In our practice, we use a less rigorous protocol of 8-12h/day. We sought to evaluate our results and those in the literature to determine whether more intensive usage is necessary. We reviewed the outcomes of patients with PC treated at our institution between 2012 and 2015. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies describing the use of bracing to correct PC. Seventy-five patients presented with PC at our institution. Among those who were offered bracing and had adequate follow-up (n=32), the success rate (full correction or improvement) was 90.6%. The compliance rate was 93.8%. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Our pooled data combining our results with those of other published data showed that less intensive brace usage (<12h/day), when compared to more intensive usage (≥12h/day), is associated with higher patient compliance (89.6% vs. 81.1%) with a similar time to correction (7.3 vs 7.1months) and success rate (85.3% vs. 83.5%). Implementing a less intensive bracing protocol for PC is successful, efficient and improves compliance. Clinical Research. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Level-of-Evidence rating: Level IV. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Workflow of CAD / CAM Scoliosis Brace Adjustment in Preparation Using 3D Printing.

PubMed

Weiss, Hans-Rudolf; Tournavitis, Nicos; Nan, Xiaofeng; Borysov, Maksym; Paul, Lothar

2017-01-01

High correction bracing is the most effective conservative treatment for patients with scoliosis during growth. Still today braces for the treatment of scoliosis are made by casting patients while computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) is available with all possibilities to standardize pattern specific brace treatment and improve wearing comfort. CAD / CAM brace production mainly relies on carving a polyurethane foam model which is the basis for vacuuming a polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) brace. Purpose of this short communication is to describe the workflow currently used and to outline future requirements with respect to 3D printing technology. Description of the steps of virtual brace adjustment as available today are content of this paper as well as an outline of the great potential there is for the future 3D printing technology. For 3D printing of scoliosis braces it is necessary to establish easy to use software plug-ins in order to allow adding 3D printing technology to the current workflow of virtual CAD / CAM brace adjustment. Textures and structures can be added to the brace models at certain well defined locations offering the potential of more wearing comfort without losing in-brace correction. Advances have to be made in the field of CAD / CAM software tools with respect to design and generation of individually structured brace models based on currently well established and standardized scoliosis brace libraries.

Efficacy of an ankle brace with a subtalar locking system in inversion control in dynamic movements.

PubMed

Zhang, Songning; Wortley, Michael; Chen, Qingjian; Freedman, Julia

2009-12-01

Controlled laboratory study. To examine effectiveness of an ankle brace with a subtalar locking system in restricting ankle inversion during passive and dynamic movements. Semirigid ankle braces are considered more effective in restricting ankle inversion than other types of brace, but a semirigid brace with a subtalar locking system may be even more effective. Nineteen healthy subjects with no history of major lower extremity injuries were included in the study. Participants performed 5 trials of an ankle inversion drop test and a lateral-cutting movement without wearing a brace and while wearing either the Element (with the subtalar locking system), a Functional ankle brace, or an ASO ankle brace. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess brace differences (P?.05). All 3 braces significantly reduced total passive ankle frontal plane range of motion (ROM), with the Element ankle brace being the most effective. For the inversion drop the results showed significant reductions in peak ankle inversion angle and inversion ROM for all 3 braces compared to the no brace condition; and the peak inversion velocity was also reduced for the Element brace and the Functional brace. In the lateral-cutting movement, a small but significant reduction of the peak inversion angle in early foot contact and the peak eversion velocity at push-off were seen when wearing the Element and the Functional ankle braces compared to the no brace condition. Peak vertical ground reaction force was reduced for the Element brace compared to the ASO brace and the no brace conditions. These results suggest that the tested ankle braces, especially the Element brace, provided effective restriction of ankle inversion during both passive and dynamic movements.

Computer-assisted design and finite element simulation of braces for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using a coronal plane radiograph and surface topography.

PubMed

Pea, Rany; Dansereau, Jean; Caouette, Christiane; Cobetto, Nikita; Aubin, Carl-Éric

2018-05-01

Orthopedic braces made by Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing and numerical simulation were shown to improve spinal deformities correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis while using less material. Simulations with BraceSim (Rodin4D, Groupe Lagarrigue, Bordeaux, France) require a sagittal radiograph, not always available. The objective was to develop an innovative modeling method based on a single coronal radiograph and surface topography, and assess the effectiveness of braces designed with this approach. With a patient coronal radiograph and a surface topography, the developed method allowed the 3D reconstruction of the spine, rib cage and pelvis using geometric models from a database and a free form deformation technique. The resulting 3D reconstruction converted into a finite element model was used to design and simulate the correction of a brace. The developed method was tested with data from ten scoliosis cases. The simulated correction was compared to analogous simulations performed with a 3D reconstruction built using two radiographs and surface topography (validated gold standard reference). There was an average difference of 1.4°/1.7° for the thoracic/lumbar Cobb angle, and 2.6°/5.5° for the kyphosis/lordosis between the developed reconstruction method and the reference. The average difference of the simulated correction was 2.8°/2.4° for the thoracic/lumbar Cobb angles and 3.5°/5.4° the kyphosis/lordosis. This study showed the feasibility to design and simulate brace corrections based on a new modeling method with a single coronal radiograph and surface topography. This innovative method could be used to improve brace designs, at a lesser radiation dose for the patient. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The carbon brace

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background The CMCR brace (Corset MonocoqueCarbone respectant la Respiration –which means Monoshell Carbon Brace respecting Breathing) is an innovative brace, used in orthopaedic treatment for progressive thoracic, thoraco-lumbar or combined scoliosis, whatever their etiology. It can be used at the very young age without disrupting the chest growth, but should be kept for reducible scoliosis in older teenagers. Brace description and principles The CMCR brace is monoshell while retaining the corrective principle of the polyvalve Lyon brace with one or two supports (brace “pads”) located on hump(s).In contrast to Lyon brace made of plexidur and structured by metal reinforcement with adjustable but fixed localized supports, the CMCR brace is made of polyethylene and carbon with adjustable and mobile supports. This mobility provides a permanent pressure, which varies depending on ribs and spine movements. The correction is obtained without spinal extension so that each respiratory movement takes part in a gradual return to dorsal kyphosis. Results Results were presented in two published analysis: • In the first retrospective study about 115 patients, French-published in the Annals of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (2005), the CMCR brace stabilized moderate scoliosis, decreased the vital capacity (VC) of 13% compared to the VC without brace, and did not have sufficient impact on the hump reduction. Treatment had better results when started at Risser 3 or 4 than Risser 0, 1, 2. The brace was then modified to increase the dorsal pad pressure and the location of correction forces was defined more precisely through the use of 3D analysis. • The second study published in Scoliosis (2011) mainly focused on the impact on VC at brace setting up and followed a cohort of 90 patients treated with CMCR. Girls as well as boys increased VC during treatment, and at brace definitive removal, VC had increased of 21% from the initial value, whereas the theoretical VC at the same time rose by 18%. The difference between the time where the child actually wears its brace and the time asked by the clinician for the brace to be worn is only 1 hour, which means that this brace is accepted by teenagers. Conclusions Orthopaedic treatment is still a heavy treatment for teenagers in growth period. This orthosis is designed to partly maintain spine and chest mobility. We hope so to have part in improving life conditions of these teenagers, compared to those treated with rigid braces. PMID:23409701

A Modern Historical Perspective of Schroth Scoliosis Rehabilitation and Corrective Bracing Techniques for Idiopathic Scoliosis.

PubMed

Moramarco, Kathryn; Borysov, Maksym

2017-01-01

The treatment of scoliosis has a long history dating back to Hippocrates and his luxation table. In recent history, conservative rehabilitation treatment methods have come and gone. Some have had more longevity than others and currently there are only a handful of these "schools" for rehabilitation in existence. What is important to note in this twenty-first century world is that any approach to bracing or scoliosis rehabilitation must strive for a correction effect and be as user-friendly as possible. Patients look to achieve some measure of success, whether it be halted Cobb angle, improved breathing function, decreased rotation, or postural improvement via trunk symmetry. Katharina Schroth created her method in 1921 as a result of self-analysis of her own imperfect scoliotic torso and the effect on it as she altered her breathing patterns. It was from these observations and self-experimentation that she devised her rotational angular breathing method. Subsequently, the Schroth method evolved under the leadership of her daughter, Christa Lehnert-Schroth P.T., and grandson, Dr. Hans-Rudolf Weiss. Collaboration with Dr. Jacques Chêneau led to a new Schroth method compatible scoliosis bracing approach. The most recent advancement of Chêneau bracing is the Gensingen Brace® (GBW). Gensingen braces have an asymmetric design and rely on Schroth principles of correction in a smaller, lighter, more wearer-friendly brace. Each brace is designed to be a complementary supportive orthosis. It may be used independently, or in conjunction with Schroth exercise protocols.

Functional Brace in ACL Surgery: Force Quantification in an In Vivo Study

PubMed Central

LaPrade, Robert F.; Venderley, Melanie B.; Dahl, Kimi D.; Dornan, Grant J.; Turnbull, Travis Lee

2017-01-01

Background: A need exists for a functional anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) brace that dynamically supports the knee joint to match the angle-dependent forces of a native ACL, especially in the early postoperative period. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to quantify the posteriorly directed external forces applied to the anterior proximal tibia by both a static and a dynamic force ACL brace. The proximal strap forces applied by the static force brace were hypothesized to remain relatively constant regardless of knee flexion angle compared with those of the dynamic force brace. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven healthy adult males (mean age, 27.4 ± 3.4 years; mean height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; mean body mass, 84.1 ± 11.3 kg) were fitted with both a static and a dynamic force ACL brace. Participants completed 3 functional activities: unloaded extension, sit-to-stand, and stair ascent. Kinematic data were collected using traditional motion-capture techniques while posteriorly directed forces applied to the anterior aspect of both the proximal and distal tibia were simultaneously collected using a customized pressure-mapping technique. Results: The mean posteriorly directed forces applied to the proximal tibia at 30° of flexion by the dynamic force brace during unloaded extension (80.2 N), sit-to-stand (57.5 N), and stair ascent (56.3 N) activities were significantly larger, regardless of force setting, than those applied by the static force brace (10.1 N, 9.5 N, and 11.9 N, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion: The dynamic force ACL brace, compared with the static force brace, applied significantly larger posteriorly directed forces to the anterior proximal tibia in extension, where the ACL is known to experience larger in vivo forces. Further studies are required to determine whether the physiological behavior of the brace will reduce anterior knee laxity and improve long-term patient outcomes. Clinical Relevance: ACL braces that dynamically restrain the proximal tibia in a manner similar to physiological ACL function may improve pre- and postoperative treatment. PMID:28748195

Can a knee brace reduce the strain in the anterior cruciate ligament? A study using combined in vivo/in vitro method.

PubMed

Hangalur, Gajendra; Brenneman, Elora; Nicholls, Micah; Bakker, Ryan; Laing, Andrew; Chandrashekar, Naveen

2016-06-01

It is unknown whether prophylactic knee braces can reduce the strain in the anterior cruciate ligament during dynamic activities. An athlete, who had characteristics of high anterior cruciate ligament injury risk, was chosen. A motion capture system (Optotrak Certus; Northern Digital, Waterloo, ON, Canada) was used to record dynamic trials during drop-landing activity of this subject with and without the knee brace being worn. A musculoskeletal model was used to estimate the muscle forces during this activity. A dynamic knee simulator then applied kinematics and muscle forces on a cadaver knee with and without the brace mounted on it. The anterior cruciate ligament strain was measured. The peak strain in the anterior cruciate ligament was substantially lower for the braced (7%) versus unbraced (20%) conditions. Functional knee braces could decrease the strain in the anterior cruciate ligament during dynamic activities in a high-risk subject. However, the reduction seems to be a result of altered muscle firing pattern due to the brace. Prophylactic knee brace could reduce the strain in the anterior cruciate ligament of high-risk subjects during drop-landing through altered muscle firing pattern associated with brace wear. This could help reduce the anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. © The International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics 2015.

The SPoRT (Symmetric, Patient-oriented, Rigid, Three-dimensional, active) concept for scoliosis bracing: principles and results.

PubMed

Atanasio, Salvatore; Zaina, Fabio; Negrini, Stefano

2008-01-01

The biomechanical action of an orthesis for the conservative treatment of AIS has two goals: correction and stabilization. These goals have been pursued through very well established principles of correction, developed over the years, divided in terms of efficacy (the correct positioning of pushes, as well as through escape ways and proper drivers of the forces and stops) and acceptability (compliance, perfect body design, maximal freedom in the ADL). To achieve all these goals, the Sforzesco brace has been developed through progressive changes and verification. Finally, we discovered we had something new, and summarised it in the SPoRT acronym: Symmetric, Patient-oriented, Rigid, Three-dimensional, active. The SPoRT concept always requires a customised construction of the brace according to the patient's individual requirements. It's possible to apply CAD-CAM technologies, which usually allow us to obtain the best results in this case, but without using pre-built forms stored in databases, as is usually done. Once done, a final test must be made on the patient so as to change the first theoretical project and adapt it in the best possible way, depending on the real interaction between the body and the brace. The results that are today available on the SPoRT concept relate to the Sforzesco brace and necessarily are short-term, because the first treated patients are now reaching the third-year follow-up examination and haven't yet completed their treatments. According to first studies we can state that: tte Sforzesco brace is more effective than the Lyon brace after six months of treatment; the Sforzesco brace is equally effective as Risser Plast brace.

Treatment & Coping

MedlinePlus

... kinds of braces: plastic (rigid) braces and soft (dynamic) elastic braces. A rigid brace is like a ... treat and manage my back problems? Most yoga systems are intended to improve muscles through stretching, holding ...

Evaluation of the efficiency of the Chêneau brace on scoliosis deformity : A systematic review of the literature.

PubMed

Taghi Karimi, Mohammad; Rabczuk, Timon; Kavyani, Mahsa

2018-03-01

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine and rib cage. Depending on the severity of this disease, various kinds of treatment methods have been used and bracing is among the most common. One of the braces which has been used for subjects with scoliosis is the Chêneau brace. The aim of this review was to evaluate the efficiency of the Chêneau brace on the scoliosis curve progression and control based on the available literature. We conducted a Medline search via PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Sciences, Ebsco and Scopus. Keywords such as Chêneau brace, Chêneau light and CAD/CAM spinal brace were used in combination with scoliosis. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Down and Black tool. Based on the aforementioned keywords, 55 papers were found. Finally based on the mentioned criteria 14 papers were selected for final analysis. The quality of the studies varied between scores of 13 and 25 using the Down and Black tool. The results of the selected studies confirmed that a good scoliotic curve correction can be achieved with the Chêneau brace. The Chêneau brace provides a 3-dimensional correction of the spinal deformity which not only influences the progression of scoliotic curve but also influences its natural history. It cannot be concluded that the Chêneau brace is superior to other available braces; however, it has been shown that this brace is effective to control the scoliotic curve progression especially in the lumbar and thoracolumbar regions.

Evaluation of the Stress Level of Children with Idiopathic Scoliosis in relation to the Method of Treatment and Parameters of the Deformity

PubMed Central

Leszczewska, Justyna; Czaprowski, Dariusz; Pawłowska, Paulina; Kolwicz, Aleksandra; Kotwicki, Tomasz

2012-01-01

Stress level due to existing body deformity as well as to the treatment with a corrective brace is one of factors influencing the quality of life of children with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing non-surgical management. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the stress level among children suffering from idiopathic scoliosis in relation to the method of treatment and the parameters of the deformity. Seventy-three patients with idiopathic scoliosis participated in the study. Fifty-two children were treated by means of physiotherapy, while 21 patients were treated with both Cheneau corrective brace and physiotherapy. To assess the stress level related to the deformity itself and to the method of treatment with corrective brace, the two Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaires (BSSQs) were applied, the BSSQ Deformity and the BSSQ Brace, respectively. PMID:22919333

Evaluation of the stress level of children with idiopathic scoliosis in relation to the method of treatment and parameters of the deformity.

PubMed

Leszczewska, Justyna; Czaprowski, Dariusz; Pawłowska, Paulina; Kolwicz, Aleksandra; Kotwicki, Tomasz

2012-01-01

Stress level due to existing body deformity as well as to the treatment with a corrective brace is one of factors influencing the quality of life of children with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing non-surgical management. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the stress level among children suffering from idiopathic scoliosis in relation to the method of treatment and the parameters of the deformity. Seventy-three patients with idiopathic scoliosis participated in the study. Fifty-two children were treated by means of physiotherapy, while 21 patients were treated with both Cheneau corrective brace and physiotherapy. To assess the stress level related to the deformity itself and to the method of treatment with corrective brace, the two Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaires (BSSQs) were applied, the BSSQ Deformity and the BSSQ Brace, respectively.

Arthrometric Evaluation of Stabilizing Effect of Knee Functional Bracing at Different Flexion Angles

PubMed Central

Seyed Mohseni, Saeedeh; Moss, Farzam; Karimi, Hossein; Kamali, Mohammad

2009-01-01

Previous in-vivo investigations on the stabilizing efficacy of knee bracing for ACL reconstructed patients have been often limited to 20-30 degrees of knee flexion. In this study, the effectiveness of a uniaxial hinged functional brace to improve the knee stability was assessed at 30, 60 and 90 degrees of knee flexion. Arthrometry tests were conducted on 15 healthy subjects before and following wearing the brace and the tibial displacements were measured at up to 150 N anterior forces. Results indicated that functional bracing has a significant stabilizing effect throughout the range of knee flexion examined (p < 0.05). The rate of effectiveness, however, was not consistent across the flexion range, e.g., 50% at 30 degrees and only 4% at 90 degrees. It was suggested that accurate sizing and fitting as well as attention to correct hinge placement relative to the femoral condyles can limit brace migration and improve its effectiveness in mid and deep knee flexion. With using adaptive limb fittings, through flexible pads, and a polycentric joint a more significant improvement of the overall brace performance and efficacy might be obtained. Key points Functional bracing improves the knee joint stability mostly in extension posture. Unlike the non-braced condition, the least knee joint stability appears in mid and deep flexion angles when using a hinged brace. Accurate sizing and fitting and attention to correct hinge placement relative to the femoral condyles can limit brace migration and improve its effectiveness in mid and deep knee flexion. The overall brace performance and efficacy might be improved significantly using adaptive limb fittings through flexible pads and/or polycentric joints. PMID:24149533

Rehabilitation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: results of exercises and bracing from a series of clinical studies. Europa Medicophysica-SIMFER 2007 Award Winner.

PubMed

Negrini, S; Atanasio, S; Zaina, F; Romano, M

2008-06-01

Rehabilitation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) requires a careful choice from among the possible treatments, such as bracing and exercises, according to the patient's needs. According to the literature, there is little evidence regarding the efficacy of these rehabilitation instruments. During the past few years, a full series of studies has been carried out to investigate their efficacy. The aim of this paper was to summarize all these results. Three systematic reviews (two on exercises and one on manual therapy), and four cohort prospective studies were performed. The prospective studies included two trials with a prospective control group on exercises (one to avoid bracing and one in preparation to bracing) and two trials with retrospective control group on a new brace developed by the Authors (Sforzesco brace and SPoRT concept of correction versus Lyon brace and Risser cast). Results show that in literature there is proof of level 1b on exercises but no studies on manual therapy. High quality exercises like Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis (SEAS) have more efficacy than usual physiotherapy, significantly reducing brace prescription in one year from 25% of cases to 6%. Moreover, such exercises help to obtain the best results in bracing first correction. The Sforzesco brace has proved to have more efficacy than the Lyon brace, whereas it has the same efficacy--but reduced side effects and impact on quality of life--than the Risser brace. With an efficient management of data collection, it is possible to develop a set of studies aimed at verifying the efficacy of clinical daily rehabilitation approaches.

The effect of a dynamic PCL brace on patellofemoral compartment pressures in PCL-and PCL/PLC-deficient knees.

PubMed

Welch, Tyler; Keller, Thomas; Maldonado, Ruben; Metzger, Melodie; Mohr, Karen; Kvitne, Ronald

2017-12-01

The natural history of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency includes the development of arthrosis in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). The purpose of this biomechanical study was to evaluate the hypothesis that dynamic bracing reduces PFJ pressures in PCL- and combined PCL/posterolateral corner (PLC)-deficient knees. Controlled Laboratory Study. Eight fresh frozen cadaveric knees with intact cruciate and collateral ligaments were included. PFJ pressures and force were measured using a pressure mapping system via a lateral arthrotomy at knee flexion angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° in intact, PCL-deficient, and PCL/PLC-deficient knees under a combined quadriceps/hamstrings load of 400 N/200 N. Testing was then repeated in PCL- and PCL/PLC-deficient knees after application of a dynamic PCL brace. Application of a dynamic PCL brace led to a reduction in peak PFJ pressures in PCL-deficient knees. In addition, the brace led to a significant reduction in peak pressures in PCL/PLC-deficient knees at 60°, 90°, and 120° of flexion. Application of the dynamic brace also led to a reduction in total PFJ force across all flexion angles for both PCL- and PCL/PLC-deficient knees. Dynamic bracing reduces PFJ pressures in PCL- and combined PCL/PLC-deficient knees, particularly at high degrees of knee flexion.

Collegiate Football Players' Ankle Range of Motion and Dynamic Balance in Braced and Self-Adherent-Taped Conditions.

PubMed

Willeford, Kristin; Stanek, Justin M; McLoda, Todd A

2018-01-01

  Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in the physically active population. Previous researchers have shown that supporting the ankle with taping or bracing is effective in preventing ankle sprains. However, no authors have compared the effects of self-adherent tape and lace-up ankle braces on ankle range of motion (ROM) and dynamic balance in collegiate football players.   To examine the effectiveness of self-adherent tape and lace-up ankle braces in reducing ankle ROM and improving dynamic balance before and after a typical collegiate football practice.   Crossover study.   Collegiate athletic training room.   Twenty-nine National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athletes (age = 19.2 ± 1.14 years, height = 187.52 ± 20.54 cm, mass = 106.44 ± 20.54 kg).   Each participant wore each prophylactic ankle support during a single practice, self-adherent tape on 1 leg and lace-up ankle brace on the other. Range of motion and dynamic balance were assessed 3 times for each leg throughout the testing session (baseline, prepractice, postpractice).   Ankle ROM for inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion were measured at baseline, immediately after donning the brace or tape, and immediately after a collegiate practice. The Y-Balance Test was used to assess dynamic balance at these same time points.   Both interventions were effective in reducing ROM in all directions compared with baseline; however, dynamic balance did not differ between the tape and brace conditions.   Both the self-adherent tape and lace-up ankle brace provided equal ROM restriction before and after exercise, with no change in dynamic balance.

Clinical assessment of the efficacy of SpineCor brace in the correction of postural deformities in the course of idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Plewka, Barbara; Sibiński, Marcin; Synder, Marek; Witoński, Dariusz; Kołodziejczyk-Klimek, Katarzyna; Plewka, Michał

2013-03-26

The objective of the study was to perform a clinical, comparative assessment of the degree of postural deformities before and after the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in patients treated with SpineCor brace compared to the control group. A group of 90 children with idiopathic scoliosis (including 74 girls) at the average age of 12.2 was subject to prospective observation. Average pre-treatment Cobb angle was 24.9° in the thoracic spine and 25.8° in the lumbar spine. The group actively treated with the SpineCor brace consisted of 45 children, while the control group consisted of the remaining 45 children with the natural course of the disease. Both groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, gender, height, body weight, Risser sign of skeletal maturity and baseline clinical and radiological parameters of scoliosis. Significant reduction of rib hump was observed upon 2-year SpineCor brace treatment (P=0.04) compared to the group treated by physiotherapy only (P=0.91). Similarly, improvement in lumbar prominence was observed in the actively treated group (P=0.009), with a trend towards worse results in the control group (P=0.07) In the group treated with the SpineCor brace, significant reduction in pectoral and hamstring muscle contractures as well as reduction in shoulder asymmetry and reduction in anterior and posterior vertical deviation were observed. Treatment using the SpineCor dynamic brace leads to a clinical improvement in posture, particularly to reduction in rib hump, lumbar prominence and muscular contractures.

'SOSORT consensus paper on brace action: TLSO biomechanics of correction (investigating the rationale for force vector selection)'

PubMed Central

Rigo, M; Negrini, S; Weiss, HR; Grivas, TB; Maruyama, T; Kotwicki, T

2006-01-01

Background The effectiveness of orthotic treatment continues to be controversial in international medical literature due to differences in the reported results and conclusions of various studies. Heterogeneity of the samples has been suggested as a reason for conflicting results. Besides the obvious theoretical differences between the brace concepts, the variability in the technical factors can also explain the contradictory results between same brace types. This paper will investigate the degree of variability among responses of scoliosis specialists from the Brace Study Ground of the International Society on Scoliosis Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Treatment SOSORT. Ultimately, this information could be a foundation for establishing a consensus and framework for future prospective controlled studies. Methods A preliminary questionnaire on the topic of 'brace action' relative to the theory of three-dimensional scoliosis correction and brace treatment was developed and circulated to specialists interested in the conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A particular case was presented (main thoracic curve with minor lumbar). Several key points emerged and were used to develop a second questionnaire which was discussed and full filed after the SOSORT consensus meeting (Milano, Italy, January 2005). Results Twenty-one questionnaires were completed. The Chêneau brace was the most frequently recommended. The importance of the three point system mechanism was stressed. Options about proper pad placement on the thoracic convexity were divided 50% for the pad reaching or involving the apical vertebra and 50% for the pad acting caudal to the apical vertebra. There was agreement about the direction of the vector force, 85% selecting a 'dorso lateral to ventro medial' direction but about the shape of the pad to produce such a force. Principles related to three-dimensional correction achieved high consensus (80%–85%), but suggested methods of correction were quite diverse. Conclusion This study reveals that among participating SOSORT specialists there continues to be a strongly held and conflicting if not a contentious opinion regarding brace design and treatment. If the goal of a 'treatment consensus' is realistic and achievable, significantly more effort will be required to reconcile these differences. PMID:16857045

The SPoRT concept of bracing for idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Zaina, Fabio; Fusco, Claudia; Atanasio, Salvatore; Negrini, Stefano

2011-01-01

The SPoRT (acronym: Symmetrical, Patient-oriented, Rigid, Three-dimensional, active) concept of bracing is a new way to build braces based on our 20 years of experience and the biomechanical principles of scoliosis correction, inclusive of the Sibilla and Sforzesco braces. The concept always requires a custom brace, which is made according to the patient's individual requirements. New technologies such as CAD-CAM can be applied, and often for better results, without the customary use of prebuilt forms whose measurements are stored in databases. Once the initial draft brace is completed, a final test must be made on the patient to modify and adapt it, depending on his or her real interaction between the body and the brace. The results that are today available on the SPoRT concept relate to the Sforzesco brace and are necessarily short-term, because the first treated patients are now reaching the fourth-year follow-up examination and haven't yet completed their treatments. On the basis of the initial evaluations, we can state that the Sforzesco brace is more effective than the Lyon brace after 6 months of treatment and that the Sforzesco brace is equally effective as the Risser Plast brace.

Mechanical and Clinical Evaluation of a Shape Memory Alloy and Conventional Struts in a Flexible Scoliotic Brace.

PubMed

Chan, Wing-Yu; Yip, Joanne; Yick, Kit-Lun; Ng, Sun-Pui; Lu, Lu; Cheung, Kenneth Man-Chee; Kwan, Kenny Yat-Hong; Cheung, Jason Pui-Yin; Yeung, Kelvin Wai-Kwok; Tse, Chi-Yung

2018-04-24

Smart materials have attracted considerable attention in the medical field. In particular, shape memory alloys (SMAs) are most commonly utilized for their superelasticity (SE) in orthopaedic treatment. In this study, the resin struts of a flexible brace for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are replaced with different conventional materials and an SMA. The corrective mechanism mainly depends on the compressive force applied by the brace at the desired location. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the materials used and the interface pressure are both critical factors that influence the treatment effectiveness. The results indicate that titanium is the most rigid among the five types of materials, whereas the brace with SMA struts presents the best recovery properties and the most stable interface pressure. A radiographic examination of two patients with AIS is then conducted to validate the results, which shows that the SMA struts can provide better correction of thoracic curvature. These findings suggest that SMAs can be applied in orthoses because their SE allows for continuous and controllable corrective forces.

Control of a flexible bracing manipulator: Integration of current research work to realize the bracing manipulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kwon, Dong-Soo

1991-01-01

All research results about flexible manipulator control were integrated to show a control scenario of a bracing manipulator. First, dynamic analysis of a flexible manipulator was done for modeling. Second, from the dynamic model, the inverse dynamic equation was derived, and the time domain inverse dynamic method was proposed for the calculation of the feedforward torque and the desired flexible coordinate trajectories. Third, a tracking controller was designed by combining the inverse dynamic feedforward control with the joint feedback control. The control scheme was applied to the tip position control of a single link flexible manipulator for zero and non-zero initial condition cases. Finally, the contact control scheme was added to the position tracking control. A control scenario of a bracing manipulator is provided and evaluated through simulation and experiment on a single link flexible manipulator.

A displacement-based approach for determining non-linear effects on pre-tensioned-cable cross-braced structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giaccu, Gian Felice; Caracoglia, Luca

2017-04-01

Pre-tensioned-cable bracing systems are widely employed in structural engineering to limit lateral deflections and stabilize structures. A suitable configuration of the pre-tensioned-cable bracing systems in a structure is an important issue since the internal force distribution, emerging from the interaction with the existing structure, significantly affects the structural dynamic behavior. The design, however, is often based on the intuition and the previous experience of the engineer. In recent years, the authors have been investigating the non-linear dynamic response of cable systems, installed on cable-stayed bridges, and in particular the so-called "cable-cross-tie systems" forming a cable network. The bracing cables (cross-ties) can exhibit slackening or snapping. Therefore, a non-linear unilateral model, combined with the taut-cable theory, is required to simulate the incipient slackening conditions in the stays. Capitalizing from this work on non-linear cable dynamics, this paper proposes a new approach to analyze, in laterally- braced truss structures, the unilateral effects and dynamic response accounting for the loss in the pre-tensioning force imparted to the bracing cables. This effect leads to non-linear vibration of the structure. In this preliminary study, the free vibrations of the structure are investigated by using the "Equivalent Linearization Method". A performance coefficient, a real positive number between 0.5 and 1.0, is defined and employed to monitor the relative reduction in the apparent stiffness of the braces during structural vibration, "mode by mode". It is shown that the system can exhibit alternate unilateral behavior of the cross-braces. A reduction of the performance coefficient close to fifty percent is observed in the braces when the initial pre-tensioning force is small. On the other hand the performance coefficient tends to one in the case of a high level of pre-stress. It is concluded that the performance coefficient may possibly be used as an indicator for the design of the braces since a suitable selection of the initial pre-tensioning force can avoid slackening in the braces.

Bracing of pectus carinatum: A quantitative analysis.

PubMed

Bugajski, Tomasz; Murari, Kartikeya; Lopushinsky, Steven; Schneider, Marc; Ronsky, Janet

2018-05-01

Primary treatment of pectus carinatum (PC) is performed with an external brace that compresses the protrusion. Patients are 'prescribed' a brace tightening force. However, no visual guides exist to display this force magnitude. The purpose of this study was to determine the repeatability of patients in applying their prescribed force over time and to determine whether the protrusion stiffness influences the patient-applied forces and the protrusion correction rate. Twenty-one male participants (12-17years) with chondrogladiolar PC were recruited at the time of brace fitting. Participants were evaluated on three visits: fitting, one month postfitting, and two months postfitting. Differences between prescribed force and patient-applied force were evaluated. Relationships of patient-applied force and correction rate with protrusion stiffness were assessed. Majority of individuals followed for two months (75%) had a significantly different patient-applied force (p<0.05) from their prescribed force. Protrusion stiffness had a positive relationship with patient-applied force, but no relationship with correction rate. Patients did not follow their prescribed force. Magnitudes of these differences require further investigation to determine clinical significance. Patient-applied forces were influenced by protrusion stiffness, but correction rate was not. Other factors may influence these variables, such as patient compliance. Treatment Study - Level IV. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An equivalent frequency approach for determining non-linear effects on pre-tensioned-cable cross-braced structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giaccu, Gian Felice

2018-05-01

Pre-tensioned cable braces are widely used as bracing systems in various structural typologies. This technology is fundamentally utilized for stiffening purposes in the case of steel and timber structures. The pre-stressing force imparted to the braces provides to the system a remarkable increment of stiffness. On the other hand, the pre-tensioning force in the braces must be properly calibrated in order to satisfactorily meet both serviceability and ultimate limit states. Dynamic properties of these systems are however affected by non-linear behavior due to potential slackening of the pre-tensioned brace. In the recent years the author has been working on a similar problem regarding the non-linear response of cables in cable-stayed bridges and braced structures. In the present paper a displacement-based approach is used to examine the non-linear behavior of a building system. The methodology operates through linearization and allows obtaining an equivalent linearized frequency to approximately characterize, mode by mode, the dynamic behavior of the system. The equivalent frequency depends on both the mechanical characteristics of the system, the pre-tensioning level assigned to the braces and a characteristic vibration amplitude. The proposed approach can be used as a simplified technique, capable of linearizing the response of structural systems, characterized by non-linearity induced by the slackening of pre-tensioned braces.

Correlation between compliance and brace treatment in juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: SOSORT 2014 award winner

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Over the last years, evidence has accumulated in support of bracing as an effective treatment option in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Yet, little information is available on the impact of compliance on the outcome of conservative treatment in scoliotic subjects. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the association between compliance to brace treatment and the progression of scoliotic curve in patients with idiopathic adolescent (AIS) or juvenile scoliosis (JIS). Methods Among 1.424 patients treated for idiopathic scoliosis, 645 were eligible for inclusion criteria. Three outcomes were distinguished in agreement with the SRS criteria: curve correction, curve stabilization and curve progression. Brace wearing was assessed by one orthopaedic surgeon (LA) and scored on a standardized form. Compliance to treatment was categorized as complete (brace worn as prescribed), incomplete A (brace removed for 1 month), incomplete B (brace removed for 2 months), incomplete C (brace removed during school hours), and incomplete D (brace worn overnight only). Chi square test, T test or ANOVA and ANOVA for repeated measures tests were used as statistical tests. Results The results from our study showed that at follow-up the compliance was: Complete 61.1%; Incomplete A 5.2%; Incomplete B 10.7%; Incomplete C 14.2%; Incomplete D 8.8%. Curve correction was accomplished in 301/319 of Complete, 19/27 Incomplete A, 25/56 Incomplete B, 52/74 Incomplete C, 27/46 Incomplete D. Cobb mean value was 29.8 ± 7.5 SD at beginning and 17.1 ± 10.9 SD at follow-up. Both Cobb and Perdriolle degree amelioration was significantly higher in patients with complete compliance over all other groups, both in juvenile, both in adolescent scoliosis. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the rate of surgical treatment was 2.1% among patients with definite outcome and 12.1% among those with drop-out. Treatment compliance showed significant interactions with time. Conclusion Curve progression and referral to surgery are lower in patients with high brace compliance. Bracing discontinuation up to 1 month does not impact on the treatment outcome. Conversely, wearing the brace only overnight is associated with a high rate of curve progression. PMID:24995038

Effectiveness of braces designed using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and finite element simulation compared to CAD/CAM only for the conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Cobetto, N; Aubin, C E; Parent, S; Clin, J; Barchi, S; Turgeon, I; Labelle, Hubert

2016-10-01

Clinical assessment of immediate in-brace effect of braces designed using CAD/CAM and FEM vs. only CAD/CAM for conservative treatment of AIS, using a randomized blinded and controlled study design. Forty AIS patients were prospectively recruited and randomized into two groups. For 19 patients (control group), the brace was designed using a scan of patient's torso and a conventional CAD/CAM approach (CtrlBrace). For the 21 other patients (test group), the brace was additionally designed using finite element modeling (FEM) and 3D reconstructions of spine, rib cage and pelvis (NewBrace). The NewBrace design was simulated and iteratively optimized to maximize the correction and minimize the contact surface and material. Both groups had comparable age, sex, weight, height, curve type and severity. Scoliosis Research Society standardized criteria for bracing were followed. Average Cobb angle prior to bracing was 27° and 28° for main thoracic (MT) and lumbar (L) curves, respectively, for the control group, while it was 33° and 28° for the test group. CtrlBraces reduced MT and L curves by 8° (29 %) and 10° (40 %), respectively, compared to 14° (43 %) and 13° (46 %) for NewBraces, which were simulated with a difference inferior to 5°. NewBraces were 50 % thinner and had 20 % less covering surface than CtrlBraces. Braces designed with CAD/CAM and 3D FEM simulation were more efficient and lighter than standard CAD/CAM TLSO's at first immediate in-brace evaluation. These results suggest that long-term effect of bracing in AIS may be improved using this new platform for brace fabrication. NCT02285621.

Stress and temperature dependence of screw dislocation mobility in {alpha}-Fe by molecular dynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilbert, M. R.; Queyreau, S.; Marian, J.

2011-11-01

The low-temperature plastic yield of {alpha}-Fe single crystals is known to display a strong temperature dependence and to be controlled by the thermally activated motion of screw dislocations. In this paper, we present molecular dynamics simulations of (1/2)<111>{l_brace}112{r_brace} screw dislocation motion as a function of temperature and stress in order to extract mobility relations that describe the general dynamic behavior of screw dislocations in pure {alpha}-Fe. We find two dynamic regimes in the stress-velocity space governed by different mechanisms of motion. Consistent with experimental evidence, at low stresses and temperatures, the dislocations move by thermally activated nucleation and propagation ofmore » kink pairs. Then, at a critical stress, a temperature-dependent transition to a viscous linear regime is observed. Critical output from the simulations, such as threshold stresses and the stress dependence of the kink activation energy, are compared to experimental data and other atomistic works with generally very good agreement. Contrary to some experimental interpretations, we find that glide on {l_brace}112{r_brace} planes is only apparent, as slip always occurs by elementary kink-pair nucleation/propagation events on {l_brace}110{r_brace} planes. Additionally, a dislocation core transformation from compact to dissociated has been identified above room temperature, although its impact on the general mobility is seen to be limited. This and other observations expose the limitations of inferring or presuming dynamic behavior on the basis of only static calculations. We discuss the relevance and applicability of our results and provide a closed-form functional mobility law suitable for mesoscale computational techniques.« less

Investigation of the nonlinear seismic behavior of knee braced frames using the incremental dynamic analysis method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheidaii, Mohammad Reza; TahamouliRoudsari, Mehrzad; Gordini, Mehrdad

2016-06-01

In knee braced frames, the braces are attached to the knee element rather than the intersection of beams and columns. This bracing system is widely used and preferred over the other commonly used systems for reasons such as having lateral stiffness while having adequate ductility, damage concentration on the second degree convenience of repairing and replacing of these elements after Earthquake. The lateral stiffness of this system is supplied by the bracing member and the ductility of the frame attached to the knee length is supplied through the bending or shear yield of the knee member. In this paper, the nonlinear seismic behavior of knee braced frame systems has been investigated using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and the effects of the number of stories in a building, length and the moment of inertia of the knee member on the seismic behavior, elastic stiffness, ductility and the probability of failure of these systems has been determined. In the incremental dynamic analysis, after plotting the IDA diagrams of the accelerograms, the collapse diagrams in the limit states are determined. These diagrams yield that for a constant knee length with reduced moment of inertia, the probability of collapse in limit states heightens and also for a constant knee moment of inertia with increasing length, the probability of collapse in limit states increases.

Bracing of the Reconstructed and Osteoarthritic Knee during High Dynamic Load Tasks.

PubMed

Hart, Harvi F; Crossley, Kay M; Collins, Natalie J; Ackland, David C

2017-06-01

Lateral compartment osteoarthritis accompanied by abnormal knee biomechanics is frequently reported in individuals with knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in knee biomechanics produced by an adjusted and unadjusted varus knee brace during high dynamic loading activities in individuals with lateral knee osteoarthritis after ACLR and valgus malalignment. Nineteen participants who had undergone ACLR 5 to 20 yr previously and had symptomatic and radiographic lateral knee osteoarthritis with valgus malalignment were assessed. Quantitative motion analysis experiments were conducted during hopping, stair ascent, and descent under three test conditions: (i) no brace, (ii) unadjusted brace with sagittal plane support and neutral frontal plane alignment, and (iii) adjusted brace with sagittal plane support and varus realignment (valgus to neutral). Sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane knee kinematics, external joint moment, and angular impulse data were calculated. Relative to an unbraced knee, braced conditions significantly increased knee flexion and adduction angles during hopping (P = 0.003 and P = 0.005; respectively), stair ascent (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively), and descent (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, the brace conditions increased knee flexion (P < 0.001) and adduction (P = 0.001) angular impulses and knee stiffness (P < 0.001) during hopping, as well as increased knee adduction moments during stair ascent (P = 0.008) and flexion moments during stair descent (P = 0.006). There were no significant differences between the adjusted and the unadjusted brace conditions (P > 0.05). A knee brace, with or without varus alignment, can modulate knee kinematics and external joint moments during hopping, stairs ascent, and descent in individuals with predominant lateral knee osteoarthritis after ACLR. Longer-term use of a brace may have implications in slowing osteoarthritis progression.

Successful brace treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis with different angles

PubMed Central

Etemadifar, Mohammad Reza; Jamalaldini, Mohammad Hossein; Layeghi, Rasoul

2017-01-01

Background: Scheuermann's disease is regarded as the most common cause of structural hyperkyphosis within adolescents without any proper treatment. It may lead to progressive deformity and back pain which influences patient's quality of life during adolescence and adulthood. Treatment approach to Scheuermann's kyphosis has not been clearly defined due to its different definitions and obscure natural history. The goal of treatment is not only to prevent progression but also to obtain permanent correction. Bracing, especially Milwaukee brace and physiotherapy are two of the common nonoperative treatment modalities. Hence, the present study intended to evaluate the effectiveness of Milwaukee brace on progression control as well as correction of Scheuermann's kyphosis. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective, observational study, all the patients diagnosed with Scheuermann's kyphosis were reviewed in 2003–2013, who were treated by Milwaukee brace at a single center. There was a minimum of 2-year follow-up after completion of bracing, during which clinical and radiological parameters were identified and recorded. Results: The mean angle of kyphosis in these patients at the presentation was 63.24 ± 9.96 and at the end of this study was 36.5° ± 13.4° (P < 0.001). Moreover, mean improved angle in those patients with <75° of kyphosis was 25.26° ± 7.78° and in those with 75° or more than 75° of kyphosis was 26.77° ± 19.76° (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Conservative treatment with Milwaukee brace and physiotherapy was effective in our hand for halting kyphosis progression in 97.5% of Scheuermann's kyphosis, which could be advised for cases up to 90° of kyphosis before skeletal maturity. As a result, a trial of brace treatment could be recommended in patients with severe kyphosis (up to 90°) which can open a new insight in conservative treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis. PMID:28694598

Guidelines on "Standards of management of idiopathic scoliosis with corrective braces in everyday clinics and in clinical research": SOSORT Consensus 2008

PubMed Central

Negrini, Stefano; Grivas, Theodoros B; Kotwicki, Tomasz; Rigo, Manuel; Zaina, Fabio

2009-01-01

Background Reported failure rates,(defined based on percentage of cases progressing to surgery) of corrective bracing for idiopathic scoliosis are highly variable. This may be due to the quality of the brace itself, but also of the patient care during treatment. The latter is sometimes neglected, even though it is considered a main determinant of good results among conservative experts of SOSORT. The aim of this paper was to develop and verify the Consensus on management of scoliosis patients treated with braces Methods We followed a Delphi process in four steps, distributing and gradually changing according to the results a set of recommendations: we involved the SOSORT Board twice, then all SOSORT members twice, with a Pre-Meeting Questionnaire (PMQ), and during a Consensus Session at the SOSORT Athens Meeting with a Meeting Questionnaire (MQ). We set a 90% agreement as the minimum to be reached. Results We had a 71% response rate to PMQ, and 66.7% to MQ. Since the PMQ we had a good agreement (no answers below 72% – 70.2% over 90%). With the MQ the agreement consistently increased for all the answers previously below 90% (no answers below 83%, 75% over 90%). With increasing experience in bracing all numerical criteria tended to become more strict. We finally produced a set of 14 recommendations, grouped in 6 Domains (Experience/competence, Behaviours, Prescription, Construction, Brace Check, Follow-up). Conclusion The Consensus permits establishment of recommendations concerning the standards of management of idiopathic scoliosis with bracing, with the aim to increase efficacy and compliance to treatment. The SOSORT recommends to professionals engaged in patient care to follow the guidelines of this Consensus in their clinical practice. The SOSORT criteria should also be followed in clinical research studies to achieve a minimum quality of care. If the aim is to verify the efficacy of bracing these criteria should be companions of the methodological research criteria for bracing proposed by other societies. PMID:19149877

Pectus carinatum treatment in Canada: current practices.

PubMed

Emil, Sherif; Laberge, Jean-Martin; Sigalet, David; Baird, Robert

2012-05-01

Multiple treatment options currently exist for the correction of pectus carinatum (PC). We performed a survey of Canadian pediatric surgeons to define current practices. All active members of Canadian Association of Paediatric Surgeons were surveyed online during winter 2011 through the Canadian Association of Paediatric Surgeons Web site. The survey assessed multiple facets of PC evaluation and treatment, with particular emphasis on the practice of bracing. Forty-five active members (85%) responded, of whom 32 (71%) currently treat PC. Fifty-three percent of practices are low volume (<5 patients annually). In terms of preferred or most used treatment modality, 69% of surgeons used bracing, 25% performed Ravitch repairs, 3% performed open minimal cartilage resections, and 3% performed reverse Nuss procedures. Of 23 surgeons (72%) who used bracing, 83% used it for most or the patients. Fifty-seven percent judged their bracing results as good or excellent, and 74% felt that most or all patients braced were satisfied; 80% and 88% agreed or strongly agreed that bracing was generally preferable to surgical repair and that bracing should be first line treatment, respectively. Bracing is the preferred treatment for PC by most Canadian pediatric surgeons, despite lack of prospective outcome data. This presents an opportunity for a multicenter prospective study. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bracing in Ponseti Clubfoot Treatment: Improving Parental Adherence Through an Innovative Health Education Intervention.

PubMed

Seegmiller, Laura; Burmeister, Rebecca; Paulsen-Miller, Maria; Morcuende, Jose

2016-01-01

Clubfoot is the most common musculoskeletal birth defect, characterized by abnormal tendon and muscle development, leading to abnormal bone alignment of the feet. The Ponseti method is considered the gold standard in clubfoot treatment, and consists of a series of plaster castings, followed by 4 years of brace use. The most common cause of clubfoot relapse is nonadherence with the bracing protocol by the child's caretakers. The purpose of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate an educational bracing program for parents of children with clubfoot in an effort to improve bracing adherence. The educational bracing program for parents of children with clubfoot was designed with incorporation of findings from previous research, adult teaching methodology, and parental feedback. An educational brochure and a practice doll were created for use in educational sessions with parents during routine treatment visits. Two educational sessions were conducted with a health educator, employing identical questionnaires to assess changes in parental knowledge and skills upon completion of the program. Thirty parents completed the educational bracing program, and the majority reported increased knowledge and self-efficacy regarding the bracing protocol of the Ponseti method. In addition, the health practitioners who conducted the educational sessions witnessed an improved ability of all parents to apply the brace as directed, and to recognize and correct improper fit. Completion of the educational program by the parents resulted in immediate improvements in knowledge and skills related to clubfoot bracing. Given that noncompliance to the bracing protocol is the most common cause of clubfoot relapse, these immediate effects of the educational program are promising not only because they encourage proper brace use, but because these immediate improvements have the potential to reduce future rates of clubfoot relapse.

Three-dimensional action of Chêneau brace on thoracolumbar scoliosis.

PubMed

Kotwicki, Tomasz; Pietrzak, Szymon; Szulc, Andrzej

2002-01-01

We treated 18 girls for idiopathic thoracolumbar scoliosis with Chêneau brace. The apex of the curve was at Th12 or at L1 or at the disc Th12/L1. The initial Cobb angle varied from 21 to 42 degrees, mean 28. The follow up period was of 2 years and 6 months on the average. We noted the rib hump height on Adams' forward bending test. We measured Cobb angle, apical vertebra transposition and apical vertebra rotation (according to Perdriolle method) on antero-posterior standing radiograms before the treatment had started and at the moment of the best correction. We digitized antero-posterior and lateral standing radiograms with sonic digitizer GP-9 and we prepared computed reconstruction of the transversal plane of the spine with Hecquet and Graf's software RACHIS 91TM. The best clinical and radiological correction was achieved after 3 to 8 months of treatment (mean 5,5 months). We considered it as the fitting period and we analysed the correction achieved at that moment and at last follow-up. Cobb angle in brace ranged from 0 to 18 degrees, mean 9 degrees. The correction of apical vertebra transposition ranged from 51% to 100%, mean 80%. The correction of apical vertebra rotation ranged from 0% to 100%, mean 52%. The correction of rib hump ranged from 0 to 100%, mean 42%. Normal sagittal contour was established in 15 patients. important correction was present in each of the three planes.

Curve progression 25 years after bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: long term comparative results between two matched groups of 18 versus 23 hours daily bracing.

PubMed

Pellios, Stavros; Kenanidis, Eustathios; Potoupnis, Michael; Tsiridis, Eleftherios; Sayegh, Fares E; Kirkos, John; Kapetanos, George A

2016-01-01

Scoliotic curves do not necessarily stop progressing at skeletal maturity. The factors that influence curve behavior following bracing are not fully determined. Our objectives were to evaluate the loss of the scoliotic curve correction in a cohort of patients treated with bracing during adolescence and to compare the outcomes of 18 versus 23 h of bracing at a mean of 25 years post brace removal. Seventy-seven patients, who were successfully treated for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Βoston brace, were re-evaluated 25 years after the end of their treatment. Patients were further divided in 2 matched groups; those wearing the brace for 23 h and those not wearing the brace at school-time, limiting the application of the brace to 18 h. The mean scoliotic curve was compared between groups before, during, just after bracing and 25 years post bracing. Validated in patients' native language forms of Short Form 36 and Oswestry Disability Index questionnaires were used to compare the quality of life between groups 25 years post bracing. The mean age of the cohort was 40.4 (±3.2) years. They underwent long term follow up at a mean of 25.16 (±2.69) years after brace removal. The mean cohort scoliotic curve increased by 3.9 (±6.69) at 25 years since brace removal. There was however no significant difference in the mean Cobb angle of the cohort between pre brace and long term follow up period (p = 0.307). The 18 and 23 h application groups were comparable according to demographics and several bracing and scoliotic curve parameters. There was no significant difference in the mean curve magnitude between 18 and 23 h application groups at brace removal (p = 0.512) and at 25 years follow-up (p = 0.878). There was also no significant difference in the mean score of Quality of Life questionnaires between groups at long term follow up. Scoliotic curves do not necessarily stop progressing after bracing. Bracing is effective treatment method with good long term results in appropriate patients. Since compliance was not objectively measured, we don't feel confident to give any indication about everyday dosage.

The importance of trunk perception during brace treatment in moderate juvenile idiopathic scoliosis: What is the impact on self-image?

PubMed

Paolucci, Teresa; Piccinini, Giulia; Iosa, Marco; Piermattei, Cristina; De Angelis, Simona; Zangrando, Federico; Saraceni, Vincenzo Maria

2017-01-01

The perception of body image and the deformity of the trunk in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are a silver lining that has yet to be discussed in the relevant literature during brace rehabilitation treatment. To determine whether and how the use of the brace changes perception of the trunk in patients with AIS by the drawing test. We observed 32 subjects with AIS from our Rehabilitation outpatient clinic and divided them into the brace treatment (BG-16 subjects) and the non-brace treatment (CG-16 subjects). Trunk perception and quality of life were evaluated using the Trunk Appearance Perception Scale and Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire, and the perception of one's back was measured by the drawing test. Pain was lower in BG versus CG (p= 0.095). Satisfaction with the treatment was higher in BG than in CG (p= 0.002). Self-image did not differ significantly between the groups in terms of TAPS. Drawings of the most severe cases of scoliosis were made by the group without the brace. The use of the brace corrects the function of the trunk and has a positive influence on its perception.

Treatment of the idiopathic scoliosis with brace and physiotherapy.

PubMed

Hundozi-Hysenaj, Hajrije; Dallku, Iliriana Boshnjaku; Murtezani, Ardiana; Rrecaj, Shkurte

2009-01-01

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformation of the spine with a lateral curvature or deviation greater than 10 degrees and associated with vertebral rotation. Many conservative treatments are available for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, but the evidence for their effectiveness is still questioned. The objective of this study was to define the effectiveness of braces and individual physiotherapy for the comprehensive treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. A retrospective study of 57 children with idiopathic thoracic dextroscoliosis with the magnitude of the thoracic curve between 20 degrees-35 degrees, treated in Orthopedic and Physiatrist Clinic as well as National Ortho-prosthetic Center within University Clinical Center of Kosova in Prishtina, during the period of 2003-2006. Inclusion of kinesitherapy in the comprehensive management of idiopathic scoliosis varied in the improvement of the muscle strength (satisfied and moderate) in almost 80% of the children while the correction of the curve was small in approximately 42.1% of cases. For children with idiopathic scoliosis, who require braces, an exercise program helps chest mobility, muscle strength, proper breathing flexibility in the spine, correct posture and keeps muscles in tone so that the transition period after brace removal is easier.

Non-surgical treatment of pectus carinatum with the FMF® Dynamic Compressor System.

PubMed

Martinez-Ferro, Marcelo; Bellia Munzon, Gaston; Fraire, Carlos; Abdenur, Constanza; Chinni, Emilio; Strappa, Bruno; Ardigo, Laura

2016-01-01

Pectus carinatum is a chest wall deformity, sometimes associated with physical signs and symptoms, but always associated to significant psychological distress. Surgical correction used to be the only solution, and was therefore only indicated for the most severe cases. Non-surgical approaches have been developed and improved during the last 15-20 years. A paradigm shift occured when the medical community realized that, despite the wall deformity, the chest wall was not completely rigid, but flexible and capable of remodeling. Several bracing devices and protocols are available as of today. This article will focus specifically in the FMF ® Dynamic Compressor System (DCS), which was developed in Argentina in 2001 and is currently used worldwide.

Psychologic management of brace therapy for patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Matsunaga, Shunji; Hayashi, Kyoji; Naruo, Tetsuro; Nozoe, Shin-ichi; Komiya, Setsuro

2005-03-01

A trial of brace therapy modified by a measured personality pattern of patients with idiopathic scoliosis was performed. To evaluate the effectiveness of performing personality tests for patients with idiopathic scoliosis who undergo brace therapy. Brace therapy has often been used for the treatment of scoliosis. However, emotional distress can result from this therapy. Few attempts have been made to reduce such stress. A test using the Maudsley Personality Inventory was performed on 145 adolescent females with idiopathic scoliosis, treated with brace therapy alone, before the start of brace therapy and 1 month after the start of brace therapy. On the basis of test results, the patients were rated as normal type and four abnormal types. Brace therapy was continued considering the personality pattern of patients. For all patients, changes in psychologic test results, compliance with braces wearing instructions, and correction of scoliosis were analyzed. Of the 134 patients rated as normal before the start of therapy, 108 patients were rated as abnormal pattern when tested 1 month after the start of therapy. After performing autogenic training for patients with E-N+ and E-N- personalities, and giving advice to school teachers to decrease the emotional stress for patients with E+N+ personality, 47 patients were finally rated as abnormal pattern. In total, 12 (8%) of the 145 patients dropped out. In dropouts, the average pretreatment deformity of 29 degrees (range: 21 degrees -37 degrees ) had increased to an average of 37 degrees (range, 31 degrees -48 degrees ). Psychologic tests may be useful and provide a means of modifying brace therapy tailored to the psychologic conditions of individual patients.

Healing of the Acutely Injured Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Functional Treatment with the ACL-Jack, a Dynamic Posterior Drawer Brace

PubMed Central

Reischl, Nikolaus; Rönn, Karolin; Magnusson, Robert A.; Gautier, Emanuel; Jakob, Roland P.

2016-01-01

Background. The injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has a limited healing capacity leading to persisting instability. Hypothesis/Purpose. To study if the application of a brace, producing a dynamic posterior drawer force, after acute ACL injury reduces initial instability. Study Design. Cohort study. Methods. Patients treated with the ACL-Jack brace were compared to controls treated with primary ACL reconstruction und controls treated nonsurgically with functional rehabilitation. Measurements included anterior laxity (Rolimeter), clinical scores (Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC), and MRI evaluation. Patients were followed up to 24 months. Results. Patients treated with the ACL-Jack brace showed a significant improvement of anterior knee laxity comparable to patients treated with ACL reconstruction, whereas laxity persisted after nonsurgical functional rehabilitation. The failure risk (secondary reconstruction necessary) of the ACL-Jack group was however 21% (18 of 86) within 24 months. Clinical scores were similar in all treatment groups. Conclusion. Treatment of acute ACL tears with the ACL-Jack brace leads to improved anterior knee laxity compared to nonsurgical treatment with functional rehabilitation. PMID:28053787

Extended application of WISH type S-form hip brace for patients with bilateral painful hip osteoarthritis: report of two cases.

PubMed

Sato, Takahisa; Yamaji, Takehiko; Inose, Hideyuki; Sato, Ena; Yoshikawa, Ayako; Usuda, Shigeru; Watanabe, Hideomi

2009-06-01

Dynamic lateral instability of the femoral head develops in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. Recently we have developed a hip brace, called the WISH-type hip brace, and showed successful response of the patients quantitatively. However, a negligible effect was observed in patients with bilateral involvement. Here, we extended the application of the WISH-type hip brace for two patients with bilateral OA joints. The resultant WISH-type hip brace with two S-form portions for bilateral thighs provided good recovery in hip function. Interestingly Timed Up & Go (TUG) test performed for one patient revealed a positive effect of the brace on the functional mobility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report elucidating the therapeutic effect of brace therapy with bilateral hip stabilization from hip functional and functional mobility points of view. Application of the present brace should be taken into account for patients with painful bilateral hip OA before easy application of invasive surgery such as total hip arthroplasty.

Quantification of functional brace forces for posterior cruciate ligament injuries on the knee joint: an in vivo investigation.

PubMed

LaPrade, Robert F; Smith, Sean D; Wilson, Katharine J; Wijdicks, Coen A

2015-10-01

Counteracting posterior translation of the tibia with an anterior force on the posterior proximal tibia has been demonstrated clinically to improve posterior knee laxity following posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury. This study quantified forces applied to the posterior proximal tibia by two knee braces designed for treatment of PCL injuries. The forces applied by two knee braces to the posterior proximal tibia and in vivo three-dimensional knee kinematics of six adult, male, healthy volunteer subjects (mean ± standard deviation: height, 182.5 ± 5.2 cm; body mass, 83.2 ± 9.3 kg; body mass index, 24.9 ± 1.5 kg/m(2); age, 25.8 ± 2.9 years) were measured using a custom pressure mapping technique and traditional surface marker motion capture techniques, while subjects performed three functional activities. The activities included seated unloaded knee flexion, squatting, and stair descent in a new generation dynamic force (DF) PCL brace and a static force (SF) PCL brace. During unloaded flexion at the lowest force level setting, the force applied by the DF brace increased as a function of flexion angle (slope = 0.7 N/°; p < 0.001) compared to the SF brace effect. Force applied by the SF brace did not significantly change as a function of flexion angle (slope = 0.0 N/°; n.s.). By 45° of flexion, the average force applied by the DF brace (48.1 N) was significantly larger (p < 0.001) than the average force applied by the SF brace (25.0 N). The difference in force continued to increase as flexion angle increased. During stair descent, average force (mean ± standard deviation) at toe off was significantly higher (p = 0.013) for the DF brace (78.7 ± 21.6 N) than the SF brace (37.3 ± 7.2 N). Similar trends were observed for squatting and for the higher force level settings. The DF brace applied forces to the posterior proximal tibia that dynamically increased with increased flexion angle. Additionally, the DF brace applied significantly larger forces at higher flexion angles compared to the SF brace where the PCL is known to experience larger in situ forces. Clinical studies are necessary to determine whether the loading characteristics of the DF brace, which more closely replicated the in situ loading profile of the native PCL, results in long-term improved posterior knee laxity following PCL injury. II.

Dynamic compression system for the correction of pectus carinatum.

PubMed

Martinez-Ferro, Marcelo; Fraire, Carlos; Bernard, Silvia

2008-08-01

Between April 2001 and 2007, we treated 208 patients with pectus carinatum by using a specially designed dynamic compression system (DCS) that uses a custom-made aluminum brace. Recently, an electronic pressure measuring device was added to the brace. Results were evaluated by using a double-blinded subjective scale (1 to 10). A total of 208 patients were treated over 6 years; 154 were males (74%) and the mean age was 12.5 years (range 3 to 18 years). Mean utilization time was 7.2 hours daily for 7 months (range 3 to 20 months). A total of 28 (13.4%) patients abandoned treatment and were not evaluated for final results. Of the 180 remaining patients, 112 completed treatment. A total of 99 of 112 (88.4%) had good to excellent results scoring between 7 and 10 points, and 13 (11.6%) patients scored 1 to 6 points and were judged as poor or failed results. The "Pressure for Initial Correction" (PIC) in pounds per square inch (PSI) proved that starting treatment with less than 2.5 PSI avoids skin lesions. Patients who require pressures higher than 7.5 PSI should not be treated with this method. We found a good correlation between PIC versus treatment duration and outcome. DCS is an effective treatment for pectus carinatum with minimal morbidity. We suggest that patients with pectus carinatum have a trial of compression therapy before recommending surgical resection. The use of pressure measurement avoids complications such as skin lesions, partial or poor results, and patient noncompliance.

Guest-host interactions in sodium zeolite Y: Structural and dynamical [sup 23]Na double-rotation NMR study of H[sub 2]O, PMe[sub 3], Mo(CO)[sub 6], and Mo(CO)[sub 4](PMe[sub 3])[sub 2] adsorption in Na[sub 56]Y

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jelinek, R.; Oezkar, S.; Malek, A.

1993-01-27

[sup 23]Na double-rotation NMR (DOR) provides site-specific structural and dynamical information on guest-host interactions within sodium zeolite Y pores. Quantitative adsorption of H[sub 2]O, PMe[sub 3], and Mo(CO)[sub 6] guests affects both the positions and line shapes of the [sup 23]Na resonances from specific extraframework Na[sup +] sites. The evolution of the [sup 23]Na DOR spectra with the progressive introduction of guest molecules allows one to probe direct solvation' effects involving the Na[sup +] cations in the larger supercages, as well as indirect effects on the Na[sup +] cations in adjacent smaller sodalite cavities. [sup 23]Na DOR experiments conducted atmore » two magnetic field strengths confirm that PMe[sub 3] coadsorption in 8[l brace]Mo(CO)[sub 6][r brace],16[l brace]PMe[sub 3][r brace]-Na[sub 56]Y, and PMe[sub 3] ligand-substitution in 8[l brace]cis-Mo(CO)[sub 4](PMe[sub 3])[sub 2][r brace]-Na[sub 56]Y give rise to progressive deshielding and enhanced quadrupolar interactions of the anchoring Na[sup +] cations in the [alpha]-cages, relative to those of the starting material, 8[l brace]Mo(CO)[sub 6][r brace]-Na[sub 56]Y. Spin-lattice relaxation measurements indicate that adsorption of PMe[sub 3] facilitates an increased motion of the Na[sup +] cations and/or guest species inside the [alpha]-cages. 22 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.« less

The Ponseti Method of Treatment for Clubfoot in Brazil: Barriers to Bracing Compliance

PubMed Central

Nogueira, Monica Paschoal; Fox, Mark; Miller, Kathleen; Morcuende, Jose

2013-01-01

Background Clubfoot is the most common extremity birth defect. It causes the feet of affected individuals to point inward and downward, preventing them from walking normally. Neglected clubfoot causes disabilities that result in a lack of social integration, creating a psychological and financial burden for the family and community. Clubfoot has been effectively treated through the Ponseti method, a treatment utilizing serial casts to correct the deformity followed by use of an abduction brace for approximately 2-4 years. sustained use of the brace is necessary to prevent relapse and ensure a successful outcome. Brace compliance in the setting of limited resources in the developing world can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to bracing compliance in southeastern Brazil. In addition to socioeconomic and cultural barriers, this study also looked at improper prescribing practices by physicians as a potential cause of noncompliance. The study sought to identify the role of physician education in the use of the Ponseti method and physicians’ knowledge of the bracing process. Purpose of the study Identify the barriers to bracing adherence that could negatively impact the treatment of children with clubfoot. Methods Forty-five orthopedists from several centers in southeastern Brazil were interviewed. Physicians were asked about their training in the Ponseti method, their protocol when prescribing the brace, their evaluation of its importance, and a series of open-ended questions designed to identify the positive and negative qualities of local braces. They were also asked what they perceived to be the biggest challenges to sustained brace use. Results sixteen of the physicians interviewed were orthopedic residents, and 29 had completed their residencies. Of these two groups, only 25% and 65%, respectively, appropriately prescribe the abduction brace for patients, with the majority recommending use of the brace for an inadequate period of time. The high costs and delays in acquisition of the brace and a lack of orthopedic stores able to adequately construct the orthotic, also present considerable barriers to sustained brace use. Conclusions Many of the causes of noncompliance with bracing protocol stem from systemic inequities and challenges, rather than a lack of collaboration from the families themselves. Furthermore, insufficient prescription of the brace by physicians may represent a major barrier to bracing compliance in southeastern Brazil. This research indicates a need to evaluate physician training and continuing medical education in order to ensure that physicians are adequately utilizing the brace. PMID:24027477

The Ponseti method of treatment for clubfoot in Brazil: barriers to bracing compliance.

PubMed

Nogueira, Monica Paschoal; Fox, Mark; Miller, Kathleen; Morcuende, Jose

2013-01-01

Clubfoot is the most common extremity birth defect. It causes the feet of affected individuals to point inward and downward, preventing them from walking normally. Neglected clubfoot causes disabilities that result in a lack of social integration, creating a psychological and financial burden for the family and community. Clubfoot has been effectively treated through the Ponseti method, a treatment utilizing serial casts to correct the deformity followed by use of an abduction brace for approximately 2-4 years. sustained use of the brace is necessary to prevent relapse and ensure a successful outcome. Brace compliance in the setting of limited resources in the developing world can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to bracing compliance in southeastern Brazil. In addition to socioeconomic and cultural barriers, this study also looked at improper prescribing practices by physicians as a potential cause of noncompliance. The study sought to identify the role of physician education in the use of the Ponseti method and physicians' knowledge of the bracing process. Identify the barriers to bracing adherence that could negatively impact the treatment of children with clubfoot. Forty-five orthopedists from several centers in southeastern Brazil were interviewed. Physicians were asked about their training in the Ponseti method, their protocol when prescribing the brace, their evaluation of its importance, and a series of open-ended questions designed to identify the positive and negative qualities of local braces. They were also asked what they perceived to be the biggest challenges to sustained brace use. sixteen of the physicians interviewed were orthopedic residents, and 29 had completed their residencies. Of these two groups, only 25% and 65%, respectively, appropriately prescribe the abduction brace for patients, with the majority recommending use of the brace for an inadequate period of time. The high costs and delays in acquisition of the brace and a lack of orthopedic stores able to adequately construct the orthotic, also present considerable barriers to sustained brace use. Many of the causes of noncompliance with bracing protocol stem from systemic inequities and challenges, rather than a lack of collaboration from the families themselves. Furthermore, insufficient prescription of the brace by physicians may represent a major barrier to bracing compliance in southeastern Brazil. This research indicates a need to evaluate physician training and continuing medical education in order to ensure that physicians are adequately utilizing the brace.

Spinal Bracing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Dr. Arthur Copes of the Copes Foundation, Baton Rouge, LA, says that 35 percent of the 50 technical reports he received from the NASA/Southern University Industrial Applications Center in Baton Rouge and the Central Industrial Applications Center, Durant, OK, were vital to the development of his Copes Scoliosis Braces, which are custom designed and feature a novel pneumatic bladder that exerts constant corrective pressure to the torso to slowly reduce or eliminate the spinal curve.

[Conservative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with effective braces: early response to trunk asymmetry may avoid curvature progress].

PubMed

Matussek, J; Dingeldey, E; Wagner, F; Rezai, G; Nahr, K

2014-07-01

Vertical posture of the growing child requires minute central nervous control mechanisms in order to maintain symmetry of the torso in its various activities. Scoliosis describes a constant deviation in the frontal, transverse and sagittal planes from the dynamic symmetry of the trunk. Early intervention with effective bracing, physiotherapy and sports can reverse curve progression during growth spurts, once these are identified in screening. Modern braces have a derotating and reducing effect (mirror effect) on asymmetric body volumes, thus influencing the growing torso and restoring lasting symmetry. Recent data support the use of braces to reverse progressing scoliosis.

Non-surgical treatment of pectus carinatum with the FMF® Dynamic Compressor System

PubMed Central

Martinez-Ferro, Marcelo; Bellia Munzon, Gaston; Fraire, Carlos; Abdenur, Constanza; Chinni, Emilio; Strappa, Bruno

2016-01-01

Pectus carinatum is a chest wall deformity, sometimes associated with physical signs and symptoms, but always associated to significant psychological distress. Surgical correction used to be the only solution, and was therefore only indicated for the most severe cases. Non-surgical approaches have been developed and improved during the last 15–20 years. A paradigm shift occured when the medical community realized that, despite the wall deformity, the chest wall was not completely rigid, but flexible and capable of remodeling. Several bracing devices and protocols are available as of today. This article will focus specifically in the FMF® Dynamic Compressor System (DCS), which was developed in Argentina in 2001 and is currently used worldwide. PMID:29078485

Actual evidence in the medical approach to adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Negrini, S; De Mauroy, J C; Grivas, T B; Knott, P; Kotwicki, T; Maruyama, T; O'Brien, J P; Rigo, M; Zaina, F

2014-02-01

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine and trunk. The most common form involve adolescents. The prevalence is 2-3% of the population, with 1 out of 6 patients requiring treatment of which 25% progress to surgery. Physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM) plays a primary role in the so-called conservative treatment of adolescents with IS, since all the therapeutic tools used (exercises and braces) fall into the PRM domain. According to a Cochrane systematic review there is evidence in favor of bracing, even if it is of low quality. Recently, a controlled prospective trial including a randomised arm gave more strength to this conclusion. Another Cochrane review shows that there is evidence in favor of exercises as an adjunctive treatment, but of low quality. Three meta-analysis have been published on bracing: one shows that bracing does not reduce surgery rates, but studies with bracing plus exercises were not included and had the highest effectiveness; another shows that full time is better than part-time bracing; the last focuses on observational studies following the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) criteria and shows that not all full time rigid bracing are the same: some have the highest effectiveness, others have less than elastic and nighttime bracing. Two very important RCTs failed in recruitment, showing that in the field of bracing for scoliosis RCTs are not accepted by the patients. Consensuses by the international Society on Scoliosis Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT) show that there is no agreement among experts either on the best braces or on their biomechanical action, and that compliance is a matter of clinical more than patients' behavior (there is strong agreement on the management criteria to achieve best results with bracing). A systematic review of all the existing studies shows effectiveness of exercises, and that auto-correction is their main goal. A systematic review shows that there are no studies on manual treatment. The SOSORT Guidelines offer the actual standard of conservative care.

Lateral-Torsional Buckling Instability Caused by Individuals Walking on Wood Composite I-Joists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Villasenor Aguilar, Jose Maria

Recent research has shown that a significant number of the falls from elevation occur when laborers are working on unfinished structures. Workers walking on wood I-joists on roofs and floors are prone to fall hazards. Wood I-joists have been replacing dimension lumber for many floor systems and a substantial number of roof systems in light-frame construction. Wood I-joists are designed to resist axial stresses on the flanges and shear stresses on the web while minimizing material used. However, wood I-joists have poor resistance to applied lateral and torsional loads and are susceptible to lateral-torsional buckling instability. Workers walking on unbraced or partially braced wood I-joists can induce axial and lateral forces as well as twist. Experimental testing demonstrated that workers cause lateral-torsional buckling instability in wood I-joists. However, no research was found related to the lateral-torsional buckling instability induced by individuals walking on the wood I-joists. Furthermore, no research was found considering the effects of the supported end conditions and partial bracing in the lateral-torsional buckling instability of wood I-joists. The goal of this research was to derive mathematical models to predict the dynamic lateral-torsional buckling instability of wood composite I-joists loaded by individuals walking considering different supported end conditions and bracing system configurations. The dynamic lateral-torsional buckling instability was analyzed by linearly combining the static lateral-torsional buckling instability with the lateral bending motion of the wood Ijoists. Mathematical models were derived to calculate the static critical loads for the simply supported end condition and four wood I-joist hanger supported end conditions. Additionally, mathematical models were derived to calculate the dynamic maximum lateral displacements and positions of the individual walking on the wood Ijoists for the same five different supported end conditions. Three different lean-on bracing systems were investigated, non-bracing, one-bracing, and two-bracing systems. Mathematical models were derived to calculate the amount of constraint due to the lean-on bracing system. The derived mathematical models were validated by comparison to data from testing for all supported end conditions and bracing systems. The predicted critical loads using the static buckling theoretical models for the non-bracing system and the static buckling theoretical models combined with the bracing theoretical models for the simply and hanger supported end conditions agreed well with the critical loads obtained from testing for the two wood I-joist sizes investigated. The predicted maximum lateral displacements and individual positions using the bending motion theoretical models for the simply and hanger supported end conditions agreed well with the corresponding maximum lateral displacements and individual positions obtained from testing for both wood I-joist sizes. Results showed that; a) the supported end condition influenced the critical loads, maximum lateral displacements and individual positions, b) the bracing system increased the critical loads and reduced the maximum lateral displacements, c) the critical load increased as the load position displaced away from the wood I-joist mid-span, d) the critical load reduced as the initial lateral displacement of the wood I-joist increased and e) the wood I-joist mid-span was the critical point in the dynamic lateral-torsional buckling instability.

Patellofemoral pain in athletes

PubMed Central

Petersen, Wolf; Rembitzki, Ingo; Liebau, Christian

2017-01-01

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a frequent cause of anterior knee pain in athletes, which affects patients with and without structural patellofemoral joint (PFJ) damage. Most younger patients do not have any structural changes to the PFJ, such as an increased Q angle and a cartilage damage. This clinical entity is known as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Older patients usually present with signs of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA). A key factor in PFPS development is dynamic valgus of the lower extremity, which leads to lateral patellar maltracking. Causes of dynamic valgus include weak hip muscles and rearfoot eversion with pes pronatus valgus. These factors can also be observed in patients with PFOA. The available evidence suggests that patients with PFP are best managed with a tailored, multimodal, nonoperative treatment program that includes short-term pain relief with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), passive correction of patellar maltracking with medially directed tape or braces, correction of the dynamic valgus with exercise programs that target the muscles of the lower extremity, hip, and trunk, and the use of foot orthoses in patients with additional foot abnormalities. PMID:28652829

Highly Efficient Conservative Treatment of Pectus Carinatum in Compliant Patients.

PubMed

Loff, Steffan; Sauter, Hartwig; Wirth, Thomas; Otte, Ralf

2015-10-01

Pectus carinatum is a thoracic deformity, which causes severe psychological problems for affected patients but almost no physical limitations. Invasive procedures are difficult to justify for this reason. We present a conservative therapy which leads to complete resolution in most cases when performed properly. Between January 2008 and December 2012, 69 patients from 4 to 17 years with pectus carinatum were treated with a custom-fitted brace. Patients were stratified in children, adolescents, and adults. Mean therapy time was 7 months. Mean time of daily brace wearing was 12 to 15 hours. The results were evaluated by pictures taken before and after the therapy and from a patient interview. Standardized lateral views revealed a mean correction angle of 10 degrees in the children's group and 5 degrees in the adolescent group. In the adolescent group, 82% of patients judged the result as "excellent" or "good." In this large group with 56 patients, those who reported the result "unchanged" had a mean daily brace wearing time of 8.73 hours, those who judged the result as "good" 14.53 hours, and those who judged the result as "excellent" 18.36 hours. Our results show that pectus carinatum is efficiently treated with a customized brace therapy within 7 to 12 months. Best correction can be achieved in children and young adolescents. Daily brace-wearing time should be above 14 hours, ideally 24 hours. Duration of the treatment should be around 1 year. Treatment results correlate directly with the cooperation of the patients. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Staged management of pectus carinatum.

PubMed

Cohee, Amy S; Lin, James R; Frantz, Frazier W; Kelly, Robert E

2013-02-01

The aim was to report the treatment of pectus carinatum with a novel Argentine brace and operation. The bracing and clinical data of 137 consenting pectus carinatum patients treated between October 2008 and December 2011 were reviewed for outcome. Institutional approval was obtained. Data are reported as median (range). Median age 122 bracing patients was 14 (10-28)years with 67 (55%) progressing under active treatment. Five patients (4%) were lost to follow-up, and thirteen (11%) failed treatment. Thirty-seven patients (30%) exhibited flattening of the sternum after 6 (1-24)months without surgery. After flattening, patients then wore the brace for progressively fewer hours each day as a "retainer" for 5 (3-19)months. Five patients (4%) experienced recurrence 5 (3-7)months after brace treatment was discontinued. Complications were limited to transient skin breakdown in nine patients. Three of the 13 Argentine brace failures and 15 other pectus carinatum patients were treated surgically. Thirteen underwent Abramson's minimally invasive operation and five an open repair, all with good initial correction. For Abramson repairs, seven patients have had bars removed, with results rated as excellent (n=4), good (n=2), and failure (n=1, converted to open with excellent result later). In three patients with stiff chests, costal cartilage was resected thoracoscopically during the Abramson repair with measurably improving compliance. Staged treatment of pectus carinatum allows most teenagers to be managed non-operatively. For patients who fail bracing or are not amenable to bracing, minimally invasive surgical treatment for pectus carinatum is a viable option. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The development and use of SPIO Lycra compression bracing in children with neuromotor deficits.

PubMed

Hylton, N; Allen, C

1997-01-01

The use of flexible compression bracing in persons with neuromotor deficits offers improved possibilities for stability and movement control without severely limiting joint movement options. At the Children's Therapy Center in Kent, Washington, this treatment modality has been explored with increasing application in children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy and other neuromotor deficits over the past 6 years, with good success. Significant functional improvements using Neoprene shoulder/trunk/hip Bracing led us to experiment with much lighter compression materials. The stabilizing pressure input orthosis or SPIO bracing system (developed by Cheryl Allen, parent and Chief Designer, and Nancy Hylton, PT) is custom-fitted to the stability, movement control and sensory deficit needs of a specific individual. SPIO bracing developed for a specific child has often become part of a rapidly increasing group of flexible bracing options which appear to provide an improved base of support for functional gains in balance, dynamic stability, general and specific movement control with improved postural and muscle readiness. Both deep sensory and subtle biomechanical factors may account for the functional changes observed. This article discusses the development and current use of flexible compression SPIO bracing in this area.

Effect of the compressive brace in pectus carinatum.

PubMed

Lee, Seock Yeol; Lee, Seung Jin; Jeon, Cheol Woo; Lee, Cheol Sae; Lee, Kihl Rho

2008-07-01

Patients with pectus carinatum complain of cosmetic problems because they stand out in spite of wearing clothes. Surgical treatment of pectus carinatum is resection of the deformed cartilage but a wide operative scar, postoperative pain and complications related with the operation can occur. Therefore we have performed compressive brace therapy as a non-operative treatment of pectus carinatum, and observed the effects and the efficiency of this treatment. From January 2001 to December 2007, 119 patients with pectus carinatum were treated with a compressive brace that they wore for 24h each day. Their degree of satisfaction was measured after 6 months wearing. This was evaluated with a score of 1-4. A score of 1 was assigned when the status was worse, 2 when it was same, 3 when partially improved, and 4 when a remarkable improvement was observed. Satisfaction was assessed subjectively by a parent if the patient was a child, and patients older than middle school age assessed the score themselves. The mean overall satisfaction score was 3.95+/-0.4. Recurrence of pectus carinatum after removal of the compressive brace occurred in 6 (5.0%) of the total 119 patients. Four of these six patients stopped wearing the compressive brace against our advice. These six patients were re-corrected by re-wearing the compressive brace within 3 months after they originally removed it. Complications were discomfort at initial wearing of the brace, which occurred in all patients, skin rash due to compression for 84 patients (70.6%) and skin discoloration due to excessive compression for 18 patients (15.1%). The skin rash and discoloration disappeared within a few months after removal of the brace. This study demonstrated that non-surgical treatment using a compressive brace in patients with pectus carinatum was effective, especially in children and teenagers. Non-surgical treatment using a compressive brace in patients with pectus carinatum would be helpful for those who dislike surgery because of their fear about general anesthesia and operative complications. But, long-term follow-up is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this compressive brace and the recurrence of the condition after its removal.

Bracing and exercise-based treatment for idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Kalichman, Leonid; Kendelker, Liron; Bezalel, Tomer

2016-01-01

Various conservative therapies are available for treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), however, the disparities between them and the evidence of their efficacy and effectiveness is still unclear. To evaluate the effectiveness of different conservative treatments on AIS. A literature-based narrative review of the English language medical literature. The most appropriate treatment for each patient should be chosen individually and based on various parameters. Bracing has been found to be a most effective conservative treatment for AIS. There is limited evidence that specific physical exercises also an effective intervention for AIS. Exercise-based physical therapy, if correctly administered, can prevent a worsening of the curve and may decrease need for bracing. In addition, physical exercises were found to be the only treatment improving respiratory function. Combining bracing with exercise increases treatment efficacy compared with a single treatment. Additional, well-designed and good quality studies are required to assess the effectiveness of different conservative methods in treating AIS. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Spinal muscular atrophy

MedlinePlus

... and tendons and abnormal curvature of the spine ( scoliosis ). Bracing may be needed. Surgery may be needed to correct skeletal deformities, such as scoliosis. Outlook (Prognosis) Children with SMA type I rarely ...

Brace and deformity-related stress level in females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis based on the Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaires

PubMed Central

Misterska, Ewa; Glowacki, Maciej; Harasymczuk, Jerzy

2011-01-01

Summary Background Psychopathological symptoms occur more often in chronically ill patients than in healthy populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between different types of treatment and stress levels. Material/Methods The study group consisted of 69 females, of whom 35 were treated conservatively with a Cheneau brace; the other 34 subjects were treated operatively and, after correction of scoliosis with thoracoplasty, wore a brace for 12 weeks during the postoperative period. Patients completed the Polish versions of the Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity and the Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace. Results Patients who were treated surgically felt a moderate level of stress connected with wearing the brace and with body deformation. The group treated conservatively felt moderate stress connected with wearing the brace, but a low level of stress in relation to body deformation. The groups differed significantly statistically in the level of stress felt regarding body deformation (p=0.004). In the group treated conservatively, the correlation between the level of stress, the age at which treatment was initiated, and degree of apical translation proved to be significant. Conclusions Patients treated surgically in comparison with patients treated conservatively report higher stress levels connected with body deformation. A higher level of stress depends on the degree of trunk deformation on the frontal plane; stress is also higher in patients who begin conservative treatment at a later age. PMID:21278693

Ankle Bracing, Fatigue, and Time to Stabilization in Collegiate Volleyball Athletes

PubMed Central

Shaw, Megan Y; Gribble, Phillip A; Frye, Jamie L

2008-01-01

Context: Fatigue has been shown to disrupt dynamic stability in healthy volunteers. It is not known if wearing prophylactic ankle supports can improve dynamic stability in fatigued athletes. Objective: To determine the type of ankle brace that may be more effective at providing dynamic stability after a jump-landing task during normal and fatigued conditions. Design: Two separate repeated-measures analyses of variance with 2 within-subjects factors (condition and time) were performed for each dependent variable. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Ten healthy female collegiate volleyball athletes participated (age  =  19.5 ± 1.27 years, height  =  179.07 ± 7.6 cm, mass  =  69.86 ± 5.42 kg). Intervention(s): Athletes participated in 3 separate testing sessions, applying a different bracing condition at each session: no brace (NB), Swede-O Universal lace-up ankle brace (AB), and Active Ankle brace (AA). Three trials of a jump-landing task were performed under each condition before and after induced functional fatigue. The jump-landing task consisted of a single-leg landing onto a force plate from a height equivalent to 50% of each participant's maximal jump height and from a starting position 70 cm from the center of the force plate. Main Outcome Measure(s): Time to stabilization in the anterior-posterior (APTTS) and medial-lateral (MLTTS) directions. Results: For APTTS, a condition-by-time interaction existed (F2,18  =  5.55, P  =  .013). For the AA condition, Tukey post hoc testing revealed faster pretest (2.734 ± 0.331 seconds) APTTS than posttest (3.817 ± 0.263 seconds). Post hoc testing also revealed that the AB condition provided faster APTTS (2.492 ± 0.271 seconds) than AA (3.817 ± 0.263 seconds) and NB (3.341 ± 0.339 seconds) conditions during posttesting. No statistically significant findings were associated with MLTTS. Conclusions: Fatigue increased APTTS for the AA condition. Because the AB condition was more effective than the other 2 conditions during the posttesting, the AB appears to be the best option for providing dynamic stability in the anterior-posterior direction during a landing task. PMID:18345341

[Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis].

PubMed

Lo, Yi-Fang; Huang, Yu-Chu

2017-04-01

Scoliosis is a common medical problem, with an incidence of between 0.47% and 5.2% in the general population globally. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) accounts for nearly 80% of all scoliosis. Young people with AIS often experience negative social consequences in association with their condition. Without proper and timely treatment, the potential resulting disabilities range from trunk deformity, pain, and neurological complications to compromised cardiopulmonary function, all of which may cause lifelong suffering. Scoliosis may be treated either conservatively or surgically, based on the severity of the disease. Bracing is the most widely adopted method of conservative treatment. However, the main goal of bracing is to inhibit the progression of the spinal curvature rather than to cure scoliosis. The clinical effectiveness of bracing in Taiwan has often been underutilized as a result of financial or other factors such as the availability of the treatment. The purpose of the present review is to clarify the effectiveness of bracing for AIS by elucidating the pathophysiology of scoliosis and examining the recent clinical evidence. The importance of preventative care and the unique contribution of nursing care to treatment has to date been under-recognized. The positive support that nurses provide to the families of the patients during the early phases of treatment as well as to the patients themselves, including helping them exercise appropriately and wear the brace correctly, is an essential component of effective treatment. Learning how to work with and to adapt to the brace being part of the body is an important part of the treatment as well as a way to avoid pain. Nurses are in an ideal position to facilitate this learning process and, overall, to provide health education.

Prophylactic knee bracing alters lower-limb muscle forces during a double-leg drop landing.

PubMed

Ewing, Katie A; Fernandez, Justin W; Begg, Rezaul K; Galea, Mary P; Lee, Peter V S

2016-10-03

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can be a painful, debilitating and costly consequence of participating in sporting activities. Prophylactic knee bracing aims to reduce the number and severity of ACL injury, which commonly occurs during landing maneuvers and is more prevalent in female athletes, but a consensus on the effectiveness of prophylactic knee braces has not been established. The lower-limb muscles are believed to play an important role in stabilizing the knee joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in lower-limb muscle function with prophylactic knee bracing in male and female athletes during landing. Fifteen recreational athletes performed double-leg drop landing tasks from 0.30m and 0.60m with and without a prophylactic knee brace. Motion analysis data were used to create subject-specific musculoskeletal models in OpenSim. Static optimization was performed to calculate the lower-limb muscle forces. A linear mixed model determined that the hamstrings and vasti muscles produced significantly greater flexion and extension torques, respectively, and greater peak muscle forces with bracing. No differences in the timings of peak muscle forces were observed. These findings suggest that prophylactic knee bracing may help to provide stability to the knee joint by increasing the active stiffness of the hamstrings and vasti muscles later in the landing phase rather than by altering the timing of muscle forces. Further studies are necessary to quantify whether prophylactic knee bracing can reduce the load placed on the ACL during intense dynamic movements. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fluoroscopic Analysis of Tibial Translation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injured Knees With and Without Bracing During Forward Lunge.

PubMed

Jalali, Maryam; Farahmand, Farzam; Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Ebrahim; Golestanha, Seyed Ali; Rezaeian, Tahmineh; Shirvani Broujeni, Shahram; Rahgozar, Mehdi; Esfandiarpour, Fateme

2015-07-01

Despite several studies with different methods, the effect of functional knee braces on knee joint kinematics is not clear. Direct visualization of joint components through medical imaging modalities may provide the clinicians with more useful information. In this study, for the first time in the literature, video fluoroscopy was used to investigate the effect of knee bracing on the sagittal plane kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured patients. For twelve male unilateral ACL deficient subjects, the anterior tibial translation was measured during lunge exercise in non-braced and braced conditions. Fluoroscopic images were acquired from the subjects using a digital fluoroscopy system with a rate of 10 fps. The image of each frame was scaled using a calibration coin and analyzed in AutoCAD environment. The angle between the two lines, tangent to the posterior cortexes of the femoral and tibial shafts was measured as the flexion angle. For the fluoroscopic images associated with 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° knee flexion angles, the relative anterior-posterior configuration of the tibiofemoral joint was assessed by measuring the position of landmarks on the tibia and femur. Results indicated that the overall anterior translations of the tibia during the eccentric (down) and concentric (up) phases of lunge exercise were 10.4 ± 1.7 mm and 9.0 ± 2.2 mm for non-braced, and 10.1 ± 3.4 mm and 7.4 ± 2.5 mm, for braced conditions, respectively. The difference of the tibial anterior-posterior translation behaviors of the braced and non-braced knees was not statistically significant. Fluoroscopic imaging provides an effective tool to measure the dynamic behavior of the knee joint in the sagittal plane and within the limitations of this study, the pure mechanical stabilizing effect of functional knee bracing is not sufficient to control the anterior tibial translation of the ACL deficient patients during lunge exercise.

Peroneus longus stretch reflex amplitude increases after ankle brace application

PubMed Central

Cordova, M; Ingersoll, C

2003-01-01

Background: The use of external ankle support is widespread throughout sports medicine. However, the application of ankle bracing to a healthy ankle over a long period has been scrutinised because of possible neuromuscular adaptations resulting in diminished dynamic support offered by the peroneus longus. Objective: To investigate the immediate and chronic effects of ankle brace application on the amplitude of peroneus longus stretch reflex. Methods: Twenty physically active college students (mean (SD) age 23.6 (1.7) years, height 168.7 (8.4) cm, and mass 69.9 (12.0) kg) who had been free from lower extremity pathology for the 12 months preceding the study served as subjects. None had been involved in a strength training or conditioning programme in the six months preceding the study. A 3 x 3 x 2 (test condition x treatment condition x time) design with repeated measures on the first and third factor was used. The peroneus longus stretch reflex (% of maximum amplitude) during sudden foot inversion was evaluated under three ankle brace conditions (control, lace up, and semi-rigid) before and after eight weeks of ankle brace use. Results: A 3 x 3 x 2 repeated measures analysis of variance showed that peroneus longus stretch reflex amplitude increased immediately after application of a lace up brace (67.1 (4.4)) compared with the semi-rigid (57.9 (4.3)) and control (59.0 (5.2)) conditions (p<0.05). Peroneus longus stretch reflex also increased after eight weeks of use of the semi-rigid brace compared with the lace up and control conditions (p<0.05). Conclusions: Initial application of a lace up style ankle brace and chronic use of a semi-rigid brace facilitates the amplitude of the peroneus longus stretch reflex. It appears that initial and long term ankle brace use does not diminish the magnitude of this stretch reflex in the healthy ankle. PMID:12782553

Positioning and spinal bracing for pain relief in metastatic spinal cord compression in adults.

PubMed

Lee, Siew Hwa; Grant, Robin; Kennedy, Catriona; Kilbride, Lynn

2015-09-24

This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3 (Lee 2012) on patient positioning (mobilisation) and bracing for pain relief and spinal stability in adults with metastatic spinal cord compression.Many patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) have spinal instability, but their clinician has determined that due to their advanced disease they are unsuitable for surgical internal fixation. Mobilising may be hazardous in the presence of spinal instability as further vertebral collapse can occur. Current guidance on positioning (whether a patient should be managed with bed rest or allowed to mobilise) and whether spinal bracing is helpful, is contradictory. To investigate the correct positioning and examine the effects of spinal bracing to relieve pain or to prevent further vertebral collapse in patients with MSCC. For this update, we searched for relevant studies from February 2012 to 31 March 2015. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and MEDLINE In Process, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, TRIP, SIGN, NICE, UK Clinical Research Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse and PEDro database. We also searched the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT), ClinicalTrials.gov, UK Clinical Trials Gateway (UKCTG), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).For the original version, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CANCERLIT, NICE, SIGN, AMED, TRIP, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and PEDro database, in February 2012. We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with MSCC of interventions on positioning (mobilisation) and bracing. Two review authors independently assessed each possible study for inclusion and quality. For the original version of the review, we screened 1611 potentially relevant studies. No studies met the inclusion criteria. Many papers identified the importance of mobilisation, but no RCTs of bed rest versus mobilisation have been undertaken. We identified no RCTs of bracing in MSCC.For this update, we identified 347 potential titles. We screened 300 titles and abstracts after removal of duplicates. We did not identify any additional studies for inclusion. Since publication of the original version of this review, no new studies were found and our conclusions remain unchanged.There is a lack of evidence-based guidance around how to correctly position and when to mobilise patients with MSCC or if spinal bracing is an effective technique for reducing pain or improving quality of life. RCTs are required in this important area.

Ten-year experience with the muscle split technique, bioabsorbable plates, and postoperative bracing for correction of pectus carinatum: the Innsbruck protocol.

PubMed

Del Frari, Barbara; Schwabegger, Anton H

2011-06-01

We reviewed further clinical experience with our approach for pectus carinatum repair: modified surgical approach of pectoralis muscle split technique, bioabsorbable plates with screws, and postoperative compressive brace. From April 2000 to February 2010, 55 patients underwent pectus carinatum repair at our department with modifications of conventional Ravitch repair. There were 14 female and 41 male patients, mean age of 19.3 years at the onset of treatment. Postoperative treatment involved fitting of a lightweight, patient-controlled chest brace. Average follow-up was 13.7 months. Patient satisfaction was excellent for 40 patients (72.7%) and good for the remaining 15 (27.3%); aesthetic appearance was excellent for 37 patients (67.3%) and good for the remaining 18 (32.7%). Postoperative evaluation was objective measurement with a thorax caliper and clinical examination. No major perioperative complications were observed. Postoperative complications were mild recurrence of deformity (n = 3) and persistent, mild, single costal cartilage protrusion (n = 2). No patient had palpable plates or screws, and there was no material breakdown. The combination of muscle split technique and absorbable osteosynthesis represents an alternative in pectus carinatum repair. The pectoralis muscle split technique allows early patient mobilization and rehabilitation. Bioabsorbable plates get completely absorbed, avoiding second operation, and chest brace provides postoperative immobilization of the anterior thoracic wall during healing and avoids development of hypertrophic scars. Our combined approach to the correction of pectus carinatum deformities yields predominantly excellent esthetic results, with low morbidity, low costs, and less invasiveness, leading to high patient satisfaction. Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fluoroscopic Analysis of Tibial Translation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injured Knees With and Without Bracing During Forward Lunge

PubMed Central

Jalali, Maryam; Farahmand, Farzam; Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Ebrahim; Golestanha, Seyed Ali; Rezaeian, Tahmineh; Shirvani Broujeni, Shahram; Rahgozar, Mehdi; Esfandiarpour, Fateme

2015-01-01

Background: Despite several studies with different methods, the effect of functional knee braces on knee joint kinematics is not clear. Direct visualization of joint components through medical imaging modalities may provide the clinicians with more useful information. Objectives: In this study, for the first time in the literature, video fluoroscopy was used to investigate the effect of knee bracing on the sagittal plane kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured patients. Patients and Methods: For twelve male unilateral ACL deficient subjects, the anterior tibial translation was measured during lunge exercise in non-braced and braced conditions. Fluoroscopic images were acquired from the subjects using a digital fluoroscopy system with a rate of 10 fps. The image of each frame was scaled using a calibration coin and analyzed in AutoCAD environment. The angle between the two lines, tangent to the posterior cortexes of the femoral and tibial shafts was measured as the flexion angle. For the fluoroscopic images associated with 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° knee flexion angles, the relative anterior-posterior configuration of the tibiofemoral joint was assessed by measuring the position of landmarks on the tibia and femur. Results: Results indicated that the overall anterior translations of the tibia during the eccentric (down) and concentric (up) phases of lunge exercise were 10.4 ± 1.7 mm and 9.0 ± 2.2 mm for non-braced, and 10.1 ± 3.4 mm and 7.4 ± 2.5 mm, for braced conditions, respectively. The difference of the tibial anterior-posterior translation behaviors of the braced and non-braced knees was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Fluoroscopic imaging provides an effective tool to measure the dynamic behavior of the knee joint in the sagittal plane and within the limitations of this study, the pure mechanical stabilizing effect of functional knee bracing is not sufficient to control the anterior tibial translation of the ACL deficient patients during lunge exercise. PMID:26557277

A user`s guide to LUGSAN II. A computer program to calculate and archive lug and sway brace loads for aircraft-carried stores

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dunn, W.N.

1998-03-01

LUG and Sway brace ANalysis (LUGSAN) II is an analysis and database computer program that is designed to calculate store lug and sway brace loads for aircraft captive carriage. LUGSAN II combines the rigid body dynamics code, SWAY85, with a Macintosh Hypercard database to function both as an analysis and archival system. This report describes the LUGSAN II application program, which operates on the Macintosh System (Hypercard 2.2 or later) and includes function descriptions, layout examples, and sample sessions. Although this report is primarily a user`s manual, a brief overview of the LUGSAN II computer code is included with suggestedmore » resources for programmers.« less

Comparison of 2 Orthotic Approaches in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

PubMed

Wren, Tishya A L; Dryden, James W; Mueske, Nicole M; Dennis, Sandra W; Healy, Bitte S; Rethlefsen, Susan A

2015-01-01

To compare dynamic ankle-foot orthoses (DAFOs) and adjustable dynamic response (ADR) ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) in children with cerebral palsy. A total of 10 children with cerebral palsy (4-12 years; 6 at Gross Motor Function Classification System level I, 4 at Gross Motor Function Classification System level III) and crouch and/or equinus gait wore DAFOs and ADR-AFOs, each for 4 weeks, in randomized order. Laboratory-based gait analysis, walking activity monitor, and parent-reported questionnaire outcomes were compared among braces and barefoot conditions. Children demonstrated better stride length (11-12 cm), hip extension (2°-4°), and swing-phase dorsiflexion (9°-17°) in both braces versus barefoot. Push-off power (0.3 W/kg) and knee extension (5°) were better in ADR-AFOs than in DAFOs. Parent satisfaction and walking activity (742 steps per day, 43 minutes per day) were higher for DAFOs. ADR-AFOs produce better knee extension and push-off power; DAFOs produce more normal ankle motion, greater parent satisfaction, and walking activity. Both braces provide improvements over barefoot.

Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises - a comprehensive review of seven major schools.

PubMed

Berdishevsky, Hagit; Lebel, Victoria Ashley; Bettany-Saltikov, Josette; Rigo, Manuel; Lebel, Andrea; Hennes, Axel; Romano, Michele; Białek, Marianna; M'hango, Andrzej; Betts, Tony; de Mauroy, Jean Claude; Durmala, Jacek

2016-01-01

In recent decades, there has been a call for change among all stakeholders involved in scoliosis management. Parents of children with scoliosis have complained about the so-called "wait and see" approach that far too many doctors use when evaluating children's scoliosis curves between 10° and 25°. Observation, Physiotherapy Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE) and bracing for idiopathic scoliosis during growth are all therapeutic interventions accepted by the 2011 International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT). The standard features of these interventions are: 1) 3-dimension self-correction; 2) Training activities of daily living (ADL); and 3) Stabilization of the corrected posture. PSSE is part of a scoliosis care model that includes scoliosis specific education, scoliosis specific physical therapy exercises, observation or surveillance, psychological support and intervention, bracing and surgery. The model is oriented to the patient. Diagnosis and patient evaluation is essential in this model looking at a patient-oriented decision according to clinical experience, scientific evidence and patient's preference. Thus, specific exercises are not considered as an alternative to bracing or surgery but as a therapeutic intervention, which can be used alone or in combination with bracing or surgery according to individual indication. In the PSSE model it is recommended that the physical therapist work as part of a multidisciplinary team including the orthopeadic doctor, the orthotist, and the mental health care provider - all are according to the SOSORT guidelines and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) philosophy. From clinical experiences, PSSE can temporarily stabilize progressive scoliosis curves during the secondary period of progression, more than a year after passing the peak of growth. In non-progressive scoliosis, the regular practice of PSSE could produce a temporary and significant reduction of the Cobb angle. PSSE can also produce benefits in subjects with scoliosis other than reducing the Cobb angle, like improving back asymmetry, based on 3D self-correction and stabilization of a stable 3D corrected posture, as well as the secondary muscle imbalance and related pain. In more severe cases of thoracic scoliosis, it can also improve breathing function. This paper will discuss in detail seven major scoliosis schools and their approaches to PSSE, including their bracing techniques and scientific evidence. The aim of this paper is to understand and learn about the different international treatment methods so that physical therapists can incorporate the best from each into their own practices, and in that way attempt to improve the conservative management of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. These schools are presented in the historical order in which they were developed. They include the Lyon approach from France, the Katharina Schroth Asklepios approach from Germany, the Scientific Exercise Approach to Scoliosis (SEAS) from Italy, the Barcelona Scoliosis Physical Therapy School approach (BSPTS) from Spain, the Dobomed approach from Poland, the Side Shift approach from the United Kingdom, and the Functional Individual Therapy of Scoliosis approach (FITS) from Poland.

Using Ankle Bracing and Taping to Decrease Range of Motion and Velocity During Inversion Perturbation While Walking.

PubMed

Hall, Emily A; Simon, Janet E; Docherty, Carrie L

2016-04-01

Prophylactic ankle supports are commonly used. However, the effectiveness of external supports in preventing an inversion stress has been debated. To evaluate how ankle bracing and taping affect inversion range of motion, time to maximum inversion, inversion velocity, and perceived ankle stability compared with a control condition during a dynamic inversion perturbation while walking. Crossover study. Research laboratory. A total of 42 physically active participants (16 men, 26 women; age = 21.2 ± 3.3 years, height = 168.9 ± 8.9 cm, mass = 66.1 ± 11.4 kg) volunteered. Participants walked on a custom-built walkway that suddenly inverted their ankles to 30° in 3 conditions: brace, tape, and control (no external support). We used an ASO ankle brace for the brace condition and a closed basketweave technique for the tape condition. Three trials were completed for each condition. Main Outcome Measure(s) Maximum inversion (degrees), time to maximum inversion (milliseconds), and inversion velocity (degrees per second) were measured using an electrogoniometer, and perceived stability (centimeters) was measured using a visual analog scale. Maximum inversion decreased more in the brace condition (20.1°) than in the control (25.3°) or tape (22.3°) conditions (both P values = .001), and the tape condition restricted inversion more than the control condition (P = .001). Time to maximum inversion was greater in the brace condition (143.5 milliseconds) than in the control (123.7 milliseconds; P = .001) or tape (130.7 milliseconds; P = .009) conditions and greater in the tape than in the control condition (P = .02). Inversion velocity was slower in the brace condition (142.6°/s) than in the control (209.1°/s) or tape (174.3°/s) conditions (both P values = .001) and slower in the tape than in the control condition (P = .001). Both the brace and tape conditions provided more perceived stability (0.98 cm and 0.94 cm, respectively) than the control condition (2.38 cm; both P values = .001). Both prophylactic conditions affected inversion range of motion, time to maximum inversion, inversion velocity, and perceived ankle stability. However, bracing provided more restriction at a slower rate than taping.

Using Ankle Bracing and Taping to Decrease Range of Motion and Velocity During Inversion Perturbation While Walking

PubMed Central

Hall, Emily A.; Simon, Janet E.; Docherty, Carrie L.

2016-01-01

Context:  Prophylactic ankle supports are commonly used. However, the effectiveness of external supports in preventing an inversion stress has been debated. Objective:  To evaluate how ankle bracing and taping affect inversion range of motion, time to maximum inversion, inversion velocity, and perceived ankle stability compared with a control condition during a dynamic inversion perturbation while walking. Design:  Crossover study. Setting:  Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 42 physically active participants (16 men, 26 women; age = 21.2 ± 3.3 years, height = 168.9 ± 8.9 cm, mass = 66.1 ± 11.4 kg) volunteered. Intervention(s):  Participants walked on a custom-built walkway that suddenly inverted their ankles to 30° in 3 conditions: brace, tape, and control (no external support). We used an ASO ankle brace for the brace condition and a closed basketweave technique for the tape condition. Three trials were completed for each condition. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Maximum inversion (degrees), time to maximum inversion (milliseconds), and inversion velocity (degrees per second) were measured using an electrogoniometer, and perceived stability (centimeters) was measured using a visual analog scale. Results:  Maximum inversion decreased more in the brace condition (20.1°) than in the control (25.3°) or tape (22.3°) conditions (both P values = .001), and the tape condition restricted inversion more than the control condition (P = .001). Time to maximum inversion was greater in the brace condition (143.5 milliseconds) than in the control (123.7 milliseconds; P = .001) or tape (130.7 milliseconds; P = .009) conditions and greater in the tape than in the control condition (P = .02). Inversion velocity was slower in the brace condition (142.6°/s) than in the control (209.1°/s) or tape (174.3°/s) conditions (both P values = .001) and slower in the tape than in the control condition (P = .001). Both the brace and tape conditions provided more perceived stability (0.98 cm and 0.94 cm, respectively) than the control condition (2.38 cm; both P values = .001). Conclusions:  Both prophylactic conditions affected inversion range of motion, time to maximum inversion, inversion velocity, and perceived ankle stability. However, bracing provided more restriction at a slower rate than taping. PMID:27111586

Lightweight, Economical Device Alleviates Drop Foot

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deis, B. C.

1983-01-01

Corrective apparatus alleviates difficulties in walking for victims of drop foot. Elastic line attached to legband provides flexible support to toe of shoe. Device used with flat (heelless) shoes, sneakers, crepe-soled shoes, canvas shoes, and many other types of shoes not usable with short leg brace.

Experimental and analytical studies on the seismic behavior of conventional and hybrid braced frames

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lai, Jiun-Wei

This dissertation summarizes both experimental and analytical studies on the seismic response of conventional steel concentrically braced frame systems of the type widely used in North America, and preliminary studies of an innovative hybrid braced frame system: the Strong-Back System. The research work is part of NEES small group project entitled "International Hybrid Simulation of Tomorrow's Braced Frames." In the experimental phase, a total of four full-scale, one-bay, two-story conventional braced frame specimens with different bracing member section shapes and gusset plate-to-beam connection details were designed and tested at the NEES Berkeley Laboratory. Three braced frame specimens were tested quasi-statically using the same predefined loading protocol to investigate the inelastic cyclic behavior of code-compliant braced frames at both the global and local level. The last braced frame specimen was nearly identical to one of those tested quasi-statically. However, it was tested using hybrid simulation techniques to examine the sensitivity of inelastic behavior on loading sequence and to relate the behavior observed to different levels of seismic hazard. Computer models of the test specimens were developed using two different computer software programs. In the software framework OpenSees fiber-based line elements were used to simulate global buckling of members and yielding and low-cycle fatigue failure at sections. The LS-DYNA analysis program was also used to model individual struts and the test specimens using shell elements with adaptive meshing and element erosion features. This program provided enhanced ability to simulate section local buckling, strain concentrations and crack development. The numerical results were compared with test results to assess and refine and the ability of the models to predict braced frame behavior. A series of OpenSees numerical cyclic component simulations were then conducted using the validated modeling approach. Two hundred and forty pin-ended struts with square hollow structural section shape were simulated under cyclic loading to examine the effect of width-to-thickness ratios and member slenderness ratios on the deformation capacity and energy dissipation characteristics of brace members. The concept of a hybrid system, consisting of a vertical elastic truss or strong-back, and a braced frame that responds inelastically, is proposed herein to mitigate the tendency of weak-story mechanisms to form in conventional steel braced frames. A simple design strategy about member sizing of the proposed Strong-Back System is provided in this study. To assess the ability of the new Strong-Back System to perform well under seismic loading, a series of inelastic analyses were performed considering three six-story hybrid braced frames having different bracing elements, and three six-story conventional brace frames having different brace configurations. Monotonic and cyclic quasi-static inelastic analyses and inelastic time history analyses were carried out. The braced frame system behavior, bracing member force-displacement hysteresis loops, and system residual drifts were the primary response quantities examined. These indicated that the new hybrid system was able to achieve its design goals. Experimental results show for the same loading history that the braced frame specimen using round hollow structural sections as brace members has the largest deformation capacity among the three types of bracing elements studied. Beams connected to gusset plates at the column formed plastic hinges adjacent to the gusset plate. The gusset plates tend to amplify the rotation demands at these locations and stress concentrations tended to result in early fractures of the plastic hinges that form. To remedy this problem, pinned connection details used in the last two specimens; these proved to prevent failures at these locations under both quasi-static and pseudo-dynamic tests. Failure modes observed near the column to base plate connections in all of the specimens suggest the need for further study. Both OpenSees and LS-DYNA models developed in this study predict the global braced frame behavior with acceptable accuracy. In both models, low-cycle fatigue damage models were needed to achieve an acceptable level of fidelity. Shell element models were able to predict local behavior and the mode of failures with greater but not perfect confidence. OpenSees analysis results show that the proposed hybrid braced frames would perform better than conventional braced frames and that the story deformations are more uniform. Finally, future research targets are briefly discussed at the end of this dissertation.

Dental Arch Wire

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

Straightening teeth is an arduous process requiring months, often years, of applying corrective pressure by means of arch wires-better known as brace-which may have to be changed several times in the course of treatment. A new method has been developed by Dr. George Andreasen, orthodontist and dental scientist at the University of Iowa. The key is a new type of arch wire material, called Nitinol, with exceptional elasticity which helps reduce the required number of brace changes. An alloy of nickel and titanium, Nitinol was originally developed for aerospace applications by the Naval Ordnance Laboratory, now the Naval Surface Weapons Laboratory, White Oaks, Maryland. NASA subsequently conducted additional research on the properties of Nitinol and on procedures for processing the metal.

Adapting current Arden Syntax knowledge for an object oriented event monitor.

PubMed

Choi, Jeeyae; Lussier, Yves A; Mendoça, Eneida A

2003-01-01

Arden Syntax for Medical Logic Module (MLM)1 was designed for writing and sharing task-specific health knowledge in 1989. Several researchers have developed frameworks to improve the sharability and adaptability of Arden Syntax MLMs, an issue known as "curly braces" problem. Karadimas et al proposed an Arden Syntax MLM-based decision support system that uses an object oriented model and the dynamic linking features of the Java platform.2 Peleg et al proposed creating a Guideline Expression Language (GEL) based on Arden Syntax's logic grammar.3 The New York Presbyterian Hospital (NYPH) has a collection of about 200 MLMs. In a process of adapting the current MLMs for an object-oriented event monitor, we identified two problems that may influence the "curly braces" one: (1) the query expressions within the curly braces of Arden Syntax used in our institution are cryptic to the physicians, institutional dependent and written ineffectively (unpublished results), and (2) the events are coded individually within a curly braces, resulting sometimes in a large number of events - up to 200.

Outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis after brace treatment and surgery assessed by means of the Scoliosis Research Society Instrument 24.

PubMed

Weigert, Karen Petra; Nygaard, Linda Marie; Christensen, Finn Bjarke; Hansen, Ebbe Stender; Bünger, Cody

2006-07-01

A retrospectively designed long-term follow-up study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients who had completed treatment, of at least 2 years, by means of brace, surgery, or both brace and surgery. This study is to assess the outcome after treatment for AIS by means of the Scoliosis Research Society Outcome Instrument 24 (SRS 24). One hundred and eighteen AIS patients (99 females and 19 males), treated at the Aarhus University Hospital from January 1, 1987 to December 31, 1997, were investigated with at least 2 years follow-up at the time of receiving a posted self-administered questionnaire. Forty-four patients were treated with Boston brace (B) only, 41 patients had surgery (S), and 33 patients were treated both with brace and surgery (BS). The Cobb angles of the three treatment groups did not differ significantly after completed treatment. The outcome in terms of the total SRS 24 score was not significantly different among the three groups. B patients had a significantly better general (not treatment related) self-image and higher general activity level than the total group of surgically treated patients, while surgically treated patients scored significantly better in post-treatment self-image and satisfaction. Comparing B with BS we found a significantly higher general activity level in B patients, while the BS group had significantly higher satisfaction. There were no significant differences between BS and S patients in any of the domain scores. All treatment groups scored "fair or better" in all domain scores of the SRS 24 questionnaire, except in post-treatment function, where all groups scored worse than "fair". Improvement of appearance by means of surgical correction increases mean scores for post-treatment self-image and post-treatment satisfaction. Double-treatment by brace and surgery does not appear to jeopardize a good final outcome.

Developing an Accurate CFD Based Gust Model for the Truss Braced Wing Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartels, Robert E.

2013-01-01

The increased flexibility of long endurance aircraft having high aspect ratio wings necessitates attention to gust response and perhaps the incorporation of gust load alleviation. The design of civil transport aircraft with a strut or truss-braced high aspect ratio wing furthermore requires gust response analysis in the transonic cruise range. This requirement motivates the use of high fidelity nonlinear computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for gust response analysis. This paper presents the development of a CFD based gust model for the truss braced wing aircraft. A sharp-edged gust provides the gust system identification. The result of the system identification is several thousand time steps of instantaneous pressure coefficients over the entire vehicle. This data is filtered and downsampled to provide the snapshot data set from which a reduced order model is developed. A stochastic singular value decomposition algorithm is used to obtain a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The POD model is combined with a convolution integral to predict the time varying pressure coefficient distribution due to a novel gust profile. Finally the unsteady surface pressure response of the truss braced wing vehicle to a one-minus-cosine gust, simulated using the reduced order model, is compared with the full CFD.

Horizontal Cross Bracing Detail, Vertical Cross Bracing Detail, Horizontal Cross ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Horizontal Cross Bracing Detail, Vertical Cross Bracing Detail, Horizontal Cross Bracing Detail, Vertical Cross Bracing-End Detail - Cumberland Covered Bridge, Spanning Mississinewa River, Matthews, Grant County, IN

Horizontal Cross Bracing Detail, Vertical Cross Bracing Detail, Horizontal Cross ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Horizontal Cross Bracing Detail, Vertical Cross Bracing Detail, Horizontal Cross Bracing Joint, Vertical Cross Bracing End Detail - Ceylon Covered Bridge, Limberlost Park, spanning Wabash River at County Road 900 South, Geneva, Adams County, IN

Conservative management of neuromuscular scoliosis: personal experience and review of literature.

PubMed

Kotwicki, Tomasz; Jozwiak, Marek

2008-01-01

The principles of conservative management of neuromuscular scoliosis in childhood and adolescence are presented. Analysis of personal experience and literature review. The topic is discussed separately for patients with flaccid or spastic paresis. These demonstrate that conservative management might be proposed for patients with neuromuscular scoliosis in many clinical situations. In spastic disorders, it maintains the symmetry around the hip joints. Bracing is technically difficult and often is not tolerated well by cerebral palsy children. In patients with flaccid paresis, the fitting and the use of brace is easier than in spastic patients. The flexibility of the spinal curvature is more important. Functional benefits of conservative management of neuromuscular scoliosis comprise stable sitting, easier use of upper limbs, discharge of the abdomen from the collapsing trunk, increased diaphragm excursion, and, not always, prevention of curve progression. Specific natural history and multiple medical problems associated with the disease make the treatment of children with neuromuscular scoliosis an extremely complex issue, best addressed when a team approach is applied. Continuously improving techniques of conservative management, comprising bracing and physiotherapy, together with correctly timed surgery incorporated in the process of rehabilitation, provide the optimal care for patients.

On whole Abelian model dynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chauca, J.; Doria, R.; Aprendanet, Petropolis, 25600

2012-09-24

Physics challenge is to determine the objects dynamics. However, there are two ways for deciphering the part. The first one is to search for the ultimate constituents; the second one is to understand its behaviour in whole terms. Therefore, the parts can be defined either from elementary constituents or as whole functions. Historically, science has been moving through the first aspect, however, quarks confinement and complexity are interrupting this usual approach. These relevant facts are supporting for a systemic vision be introduced. Our effort here is to study on the whole meaning through gauge theory. Consider a systemic dynamics orientedmore » through the U(1) - systemic gauge parameter which function is to collect a fields set {l_brace}A{sub {mu}I}{r_brace}. Derive the corresponding whole gauge invariant Lagrangian, equations of motion, Bianchi identities, Noether relationships, charges and Ward-Takahashi equations. Whole Lorentz force and BRST symmetry are also studied. These expressions bring new interpretations further than the usual abelian model. They are generating a systemic system governed by 2N+ 10 classical equations plus Ward-Takahashi identities. A whole dynamics based on the notions of directive and circumstance is producing a set determinism where the parts dynamics are inserted in the whole evolution. A dynamics based on state, collective and individual equations with a systemic interdependence.« less

Bracing in pediatric patients with pectus carinatum is effective and improves quality of life.

PubMed

Colozza, Sara; Bütter, Andreana

2013-05-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and patient satisfaction with bracing for pectus carinatum (PC). Twenty-five PC patients were treated between August 2007 and October 2011. Most patients were male (21/25,84%) with a mean age of 14.4 ± 2.0 yrs. A lightweight, patient controlled, external brace (Braceworks, Calgary, AB) was used. Monthly follow-up with anterior-posterior (AP) width measurements occurred until bracing was completed. Three quality of life (QOL) questionnaires were used: SF-36, SSQ, and PEEQ. Group 1 involved twenty patients who successfully completed bracing (12/25,56%) or who are still bracing (8/25,32%). Group 2 comprised five patients who failed bracing (2/25,8%) or who were noncompliant (3/25,12%). One patient who failed bracing underwent successful Ravitch repair. AP width decreased more in those with successful bracing (2.31 vs 0.64 cm, p=0.05). Questionnaires were completed by 19/25 (76%) patients. Pre-bracing, the SF-36, and PEEQ revealed that few patients were symptomatic, although most still avoided activities which showed their chest. The SSQ revealed that the majority of patients were very satisfied with their post-bracing appearance, experienced minimal discomfort while bracing, and would use the brace again. Self-esteem increased significantly after bracing (7.5 vs 8.7, p=0.01). Bracing in PC patients is very effective in a compliant patient with close follow-up. Surgical repair remains feasible if bracing fails. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

BRACING IN THE TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CLUBFOOT: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

PubMed Central

Desai, Lajja; Oprescu, Florin; DiMeo, Andrew; Morcuende, Jose A

2010-01-01

Bracing is a critical component of the current standard of treatment for clubfoot. Adherence to the bracing protocol is the main factor for the long-term success of the treatment The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of clubfoot braces, best practices in brace design and recommendations for bracing in order to improve adherence with the bracing phase of the clubfoot treatment. There are a number of designs and offerings of braces available in various regions of the world. Although many new brace designs are being proposed and developed, evidence in the literature regarding biomechanical effects, clinical outcomes, functionality and patient adherence is limited. The current research that is available regarding brace design focuses on increasing patient comfort and satisfaction to improve adherence. Although the currently available braces are widely distributed in developed countries, access is limited to many parts of the world. When considering the future of the clubfoot treatment and prevention of relapses, since 80% of the cases are in developing countries with limited resources, brace cost and availability needs to be assessed. PMID:21045966

Effect of External Ankle Support on Ankle and Knee Biomechanics During the Cutting Maneuver in Basketball Players.

PubMed

Klem, Nardia-Rose; Wild, Catherine Y; Williams, Sian A; Ng, Leo

2017-03-01

Despite the high prevalence of lower extremity injuries in female basketball players as well as a high proportion of athletes who wear ankle braces, there is a paucity of research pertaining to the effects of ankle bracing on ankle and knee biomechanics during basketball-specific tasks. To compare the effects of a lace-up brace (ASO), a hinged brace (Active T2), and no ankle bracing (control) on ankle and knee joint kinematics and joint reaction forces in female basketball athletes during a cutting maneuver. Controlled laboratory study. Twenty healthy, semi-elite female basketball players performed a cutting task under both ankle brace conditions (lace-up ankle brace and hinged ankle brace) and a no-brace condition. The 3-dimensional kinematics of the ankle and knee during the cutting maneuver were measured with an 18-camera motion analysis system (250 Hz), and ground-reaction force data were collected by use of a multichannel force plate (2000 Hz) to quantify ankle and knee joint reaction forces. Conditions were randomized using a block randomization method. Compared with the control condition, the hinged ankle brace significantly restricted peak ankle inversion (mean difference, 1.7°; P = .023). No significant difference was found between the lace-up brace and the control condition ( P = .865). Compared with the lace-up brace, the hinged brace significantly reduced ankle and knee joint compressive forces at the time of peak ankle dorsiflexion (mean difference, 1.5 N/kg [ P = .018] and 1.4 N/kg [ P = .013], respectively). Additionally, the hinged ankle brace significantly reduced knee anterior shear forces compared with the lace-up brace both during the deceleration phase and at peak ankle dorsiflexion (mean difference, 0.8 N/kg [ P = .018] and 0.9 N/kg [ P = .011], respectively). The hinged ankle brace significantly reduced ankle inversion compared with the no-brace condition and reduced ankle and knee joint forces compared with the lace-up brace in a female basketball population during a cutting task. Compared with the lace-up brace, the hinged brace may be a better choice of prophylactic ankle support for female basketball players from a biomechanical perspective. However, both braces increased knee internal rotation and knee abduction angles, which may be problematic for a population that already has a high prevalence of knee injuries.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akatsu, T.; Bourdelle, K.K.; Richtarch, C.

Extended defects formed after hydrogen implantation into Si and Ge (100) substrates and subsequent thermal anneals were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The majority of the extended defects formed in both materials were platelet-like structures lying on {l_brace}100{r_brace} and {l_brace}111{r_brace} planes. We found {l_brace}100{r_brace} platelets not only parallel but also perpendicular to the surface. In Ge wafers, high density of {l_brace}311{r_brace} defects and nanobubbles with the average size of 2 nm were observed. The difference between two materials can be attributed to the weaker strength of Ge-H bond.

Hydrothermal syntheses, structures and characterizations of three one-dimensional polyoxomolybdates with 4,4'-dimethylenebiphenyl diphosphonic acid as bridge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang Huishuang; Fu Ruibiao; Zhang Jianjun

2005-05-15

Three heterometallic 1-D polymers, [{l_brace}Ni(1,10-phen){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){r_brace}{sub 2} {l_brace}(Mo{sub 5}O{sub 15})(4,4'-dbp){r_brace}.(5.75H{sub 2}O)] (4,4'-dbp=O{sub 3}PCH{sub 2}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}CH{sub 2}PO{sub 3}) (1), [{l_brace}Co(1,10-phen){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){r_brace}{sub 2} {l_brace}(Mo{sub 5}O{sub 15})(4,4'-dbp){r_brace}.(5.5H{sub 2}O)] (2) and [{l_brace}Ni(2,2'-bpy){sub 3}{r_brace}{l_brace}Ni(2,2'-bpy){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){r_brace} {l_brace}(Mo{sub 5}O{sub 15})(4,4'-dbp){r_brace}.(4.75H{sub 2}O)] (3), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The 1-D chains is constructed of [Mo{sub 5}O{sub 15}(4,4'-dbp)]{sup 4-} units, which are further decorated and charge compensated by [M(1,10-phen){sub 2}] (M=Ni, Co) or [Ni(2,2'-bpy){sub 2}] subunits. The thermogravimetric analyses and magnetic properties of 1 and 2 were studied.

Development of a surrogate biomodel for the investigation of clubfoot bracing.

PubMed

Dimeo, Andrew J; Lalush, David S; Grant, Edward; Morcuende, Jose A

2012-01-01

Congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is a complex deformity of the lower extremity and foot occurring in 1/1000 live births. Regardless of treatment, whether conservative or surgical, clubfoot has a stubborn tendency to relapse, thus requiring postcorrection bracing. However, to date, there are no investigations specifically focused on clubfoot bracing from a bioengineering perspective. This study applied engineering principles to clubfoot bracing through construction of a surrogate biomodel. The surrogate was developed to represent an average 5-year-old human subject capable of biomechanical characteristics including joint articulation and kinematics. The components include skeleton, articulating joints, muscle-tendon systems, and ligaments. A protocol was developed to measure muscle-tendon tension in resting and braced positions of the surrogate. Measurement error ranged from 1% to 6% and was considered variance due to brace and investigator. In conclusion, this study shows that surrogate biomodeling is an accurate and repeatable method to investigate clubfoot bracing. The methodology is an effective means to evaluate wide ranging brace options and can be used to assist in future brace development and the tuning of brace parameters. Such patient-specific brace tuning may also lead to advanced braces that increase compliance.

Effect of ankle braces on lower extremity joint energetics in single-leg landings.

PubMed

Gardner, Jacob K; McCaw, Steven T; Laudner, Kevin G; Smith, Peter J; Stafford, Lindsay N

2012-06-01

Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in competitive and recreational athletics. Studies have shown that the use of prophylactic ankle braces effectively reduces the frequency of ankle sprains in athletes. However, although it is generally accepted that the ankle braces are effective at reducing frontal plane motion, some researchers report that the design of the brace may also reduce ankle sagittal plane motion. The purpose of this study was to quantify lower extremity joint contributions to energy absorption during single-legged drop landings in three ankle brace conditions (no brace, boot brace, and hinged brace). Eleven physically active females experienced in landing and free of lower extremity injury (age = 22.3 ± 1.7 yr, height = 1.66 ± 0.04 m, mass = 58.43 ± 5.83 kg) performed 10 single-leg drop landings in three conditions (one unbraced, two braced) from a 0.33-m height. Measurements taken were hip, knee, and ankle joint impulse; hip, knee, ankle, and total work; and hip, knee, and ankle joint relative work. Total energy absorption remained consistent across the braced conditions (P = 0.057). Wearing the boot brace reduced relative ankle work (P = 0.04, Cohen d = 0.43) but did not change relative knee (P = 0.08, Cohen d = 0.32) or hip (P = 0.14, Cohen d = 0.20) work compared with the no-brace condition. In an ankle-braced condition, ankle, knee, and hip energetics may be altered depending on the design of the brace.

Locking mechanism for orthopedic braces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

I-Lechao, J.; Epps, C. H., Jr. (Inventor)

1976-01-01

A locking mechanism for orthopedic braces is described which automatically prevents or permits the relative pivotable movement between a lower brace member and an upper brace member. The upper and lower brace members are provided with drilled bores within which a slidable pin is disposed, and depending upon the inclination of the brace members with respect to a vertical plane, the slidable pin will be interposed between both brace members. The secondary or auxiliary latching device includes a spring biased, manually operable lever bar arrangement which is manually unlatched and automatically latched under the influence of the spring.

Cervical bracing practices after degenerative cervical surgery: a survey of cervical spine research society members.

PubMed

Lunardini, David J; Krag, Martin H; Mauser, Nathan S; Lee, Joon Y; Donaldson, William H; Kang, James D

2018-05-21

Context: Prior studies have shown common use of post-operative bracing, despite advances in modern day instrumentation rigidity and little evidence of brace effectiveness. To document current practice patterns of brace use after degenerative cervical spine surgeries among members of the Cervical Spine Research Society (CSRS), to evaluate trends, and to identify areas of further study. A questionnaire survey METHODS: A 10 question survey was sent to members of the Cervical Spine Research Society to document current routine bracing practices after various common degenerative cervical spine surgical scenarios, including fusion and non-fusion procedures. The overall bracing rate was 67%. This included 8.4% who used a hard collar in each scenario. Twenty-two percent of surgeons never used a hard collar, while 34% never used a soft collar, and 3.6% (3 respondents) did not use a brace in any surgical scenario. Bracing frequency for specific surgical scenarios varied from 39% after foraminotomy to 88% after multi-level corpectomy with anterior & posterior fixation. After one, two and three level anterior cervical discectomy & fusion (ACDF), bracing rates were 58%, 65% and 76% for an average of 3.3, 4.3 and 5.3 weeks, respectively. After single level corpectomy, 77% braced for an average of 6.2 weeks. After laminectomy and fusion, 72% braced for an average of 5.4 weeks. Significant variation persists among surgeons on the type and length of post-operative brace usage after cervical spine surgeries. Overall rates of bracing have not changed significantly with time. Given the lack evidence in the literature to support bracing, reconsidering use of a brace after certain surgeries may be warranted. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

User Survey of 3 Ankle Braces in Soccer, Volleyball, and Running: Which Brace Fits Best?

PubMed

Janssen, Kasper; Van Den Berg, Anjulie; Van Mechelen, Willem; Verhagen, Evert

2017-08-01

  Recurrence rates for ankle sprains are high. Therefore, preventive measures such as ankle bracing during sports are recommended.   To systematically evaluate the perceived ease of use, quality, comfort, stability, and hindrance of and the overall satisfaction with 3 contemporary brace types in 3 types of sports.   Randomized comparative user survey.   Recreational sports: soccer, volleyball, and running.   Young adult recreational athletes (29 soccer players, 26 volleyball players, and 31 runners).   Compression brace (CB), lace-up brace (LB), and semirigid brace (SB).   Rating of perceived ease of use, quality, comfort, stability, and hindrance of and overall satisfaction with the brace types during sports on a 5-point Likert scale. The secondary outcome measure was participants' willingness to buy the tested brace.   Overall, the 3 brace types received high mean scores for ease of use and quality. Soccer players preferred the CB over both alternatives, considering the higher scores for comfort (CB = 4.0, LB = 3.5, SB = 2.8), hindrance (CB = 3.7, LB = 2.9, SB = 2.8), overall satisfaction (CB = 3.6, LB = 3.0, SB = 2.5), and greatest willingness to buy this brace. Volleyball players preferred the LB over both alternatives, considering the higher scores for stability (LB = 4.2, CB = 3.2, SB = 3.3), overall satisfaction (LB = 3.8, CB = 3.0, SB = 3.0), and greatest willingness to buy this brace. Runners preferred the CB over both alternatives considering the better score for hindrance (CB = 3.6, LB = 2.8, SB = 2.9) and greatest willingness to buy this brace.   All 3 ankle-brace types scored high on perceived ease of use and quality. Regarding the brace types, soccer players, volleyball players, and runners differed in their assessments of subjective evaluation of comfort, stability, hindrance, overall satisfaction, and willingness to buy the brace. Soccer players and runners preferred the CB, whereas volleyball players preferred the LB.

Spanish validation of Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQ (brace).es) for adolescents with braces

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background As a result of scientific and medical professionals gaining interest in Stress and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL), the aim of our research is, thus, to validate into Spanish the German questionnaire Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQ) (mit Korsett), for adolescents wearing braces. Methods The methodology used adheres to literature on trans-cultural adaptation by doing a translation and a back translation; it involved 35 adolescents, ages ranging between 10 and 16, with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) and wearing the same kind of brace (Rigo System Chêneau Brace). The materials used were a socio-demographics data questionnaire, the SRS-22 and the Spanish version of BSSQ(brace).es. The statistical analysis calculated the reliability (test-retest reliability and internal consistency) and the validity (convergent and construct validity) of the BSSQ (brace).es. Results BSSQ(brace).es is reliable because of its satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.809, p < 0.001) and temporal stability (test-retest method with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.902 (p < 0.01)). It demonstrated convergent validity with SRS-22 since the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.656 (p < 0.01). By undertaking an Exploratory Principal Components Analysis, a latent structure was found based on two Components which explicate the variance at 60.8%. Conclusions BSSQ (brace).es is reliable and valid and can be used with Spanish adolescents to assess the stress level caused by the brace. PMID:20633253

A prospective randomized controlled study on the treatment outcome of SpineCor brace versus rigid brace for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with follow-up according to the SRS standardized criteria.

PubMed

Guo, Jing; Lam, Tsz Ping; Wong, Man Sang; Ng, Bobby Kin Wah; Lee, Kwong Man; Liu, King Lok; Hung, Lik Hang; Lau, Ajax Hong Yin; Sin, Sai Wing; Kwok, Wing Kwan; Yu, Fiona Wai Ping; Qiu, Yong; Cheng, Jack Chun Yiu

2014-12-01

SpineCor is a relatively innovative brace for non-operative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, the effectiveness of SpineCor still remains controversial. The objective of the current study was to compare the treatment outcomes of SpineCor brace with that of rigid brace following the standardized Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) criteria on AIS brace study. Females subjects with AIS and aged 10-14 were randomly allocated into two groups undergoing treatment of SpineCor (S Group, n = 20) or rigid brace (R Group, n = 18). During SpineCor treatment, patients who had curve progression of >5° would be required to switch to rigid brace treatment. The effectiveness of the two brace treatments was assessed using the SRS standardized criteria. Before skeletal maturity, 7 (35.0%) patients in the S Group and 1 (5.6%) patient in the R Group had curve progression >5° (P = 0.026). At skeletal maturity, 5 of the 7 (71.4%) patients who failed with SpineCor bracing showed control from further progression by changing to rigid bracing. At the latest follow-up with a mean duration of 45.1 months after skeletally maturity, 29.4% of patients who were successfully treated by rigid brace showed further curve progression beyond skeletal maturity, versus 38.5% of patients in the SpineCor group (P > 0.05). For both groups, the primary curves were slightly improved at the time of brace weaning, but additionally increased at the latest follow-up, with a rate of 1.5° per year for post-maturity progression. Curve progression rate was found to be significantly higher in the SpineCor group when compared with the rigid brace group. Changing to rigid bracing could control further curve progression for majority of patients who previously failed with SpineCor bracing. For both SpineCor and rigid brace treatments, 30-40% of patients who were originally successfully treated by bracing would exhibit further curve progression beyond skeletal maturity. The post-maturity progression rate was found to be 1.5° per year in the current study, which was relatively greater than those reported before.

Preparation, structure and some chemistry of FcC[identically equal to]CC[identically equal to]CC[identically equal to]CRu(dppe)Cp

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bruce, Michael I.; Humphrey, Paul A.; Jevric, Martyn

The synthesis of Fc(C{triple_bond}C){sub 3}Ru(dppe)Cp (2) from Fc(C{triple_bond}C){sub 3}SiMe{sub 3} and RuCl(dppe)Cp is described, together with its reactions with tcne to give the tetracyano-dienyl FcC{triple_bond}CC{triple_bond}C{l_brace}C[{triple_bond}C(CN){sub 2}]{r_brace}{sub 2}Ru(dppe)Cp (3) and -cyclobutenyl FcC{triple_bond}CC{triple_bond}C{l_brace}C{triple_bond}CC(CN){sub 2}C(CN){sub 2}{r_brace}Ru(dppe)Cp (4), with Co{sub 2}({mu}-dppm){sub n}(CO){sub 8-2n} (n = 0, 1) to give FcC{sub 2}{l_brace}Co{sub 2}(CO){sub 6}{r_brace}C{sub 2}{l_brace}Co{sub 2}(CO){sub 6}{r_brace}CCRu(dppe)Cp (5) and FcC{triple_bond}CC{triple_bond}CC{sub 2}{l_brace}Co{sub 2}({mu}-dppm)(CO){sub 4}{r_brace}Ru(dppe)Cp (6), respectively, and with Os{sub 3}(CO){sub 10}(NCMe){sub 2} to give Os{sub 3}{l_brace}{mu}{sub 3}-C{sub 2}C{triple_bond}CC{triple_bond}C[Ru(dppe)Cp]{r_brace}(CO){sub 10} (7). On standing in solution, the latter isomerises to the cyclo-metallated derivative Os{sub 3}({mu}-H){l_brace}{mu}{sub 3}-C[Ru(dppe)Cp]CCC[({eta}-C{sub 5}H{sub 3})FeCp]{r_brace}(CO){sub 8} (8). X-ray structural determinations of 1, 2, 6 andmore » 7 are reported.« less

A new modification of an old framework: Hofmann layers with unusual tetracyanidometallate groups

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keene, Tony D.; Murphy, Michael J.; Price, Jason R.

2012-05-10

Cyanidometallate complexes are highly versatile building units for the generation of functional porous materials. Here we report five new pillared Hofmann layer compounds incorporating the tetracyanidometallates [MoO(CN){sub 4}]{sup 2-} and [MnN(CN){sub 4}]{sup 2-}. These metalloligands, which are new to this class of materials, have been combined with divalent 1st-row transition metals to produce Hofmann layers that are linked into three-dimensional frameworks by ditopic bridging dipyridyls. We report the structures and anomalous thermal expansion properties of five new materials: [Mn(H{sub 2}O)(bpy){sub 1/2}{l_brace}MoO(CN){sub 4}(bpy){sub 1/2}{r_brace}] {center_dot} 2H{sub 2}O (1), [Mn(H{sub 2}O)(bpy){sub 1/2}{l_brace}MnN(CN){sub 4}(bpy){sub 1/2}{r_brace}] {center_dot} 2H{sub 2}O (2), [Fe(H{sub 2}O)(bpy){sub 1/2}{l_brace}MnN(CN){sub 4}(bpy){submore » 1/2}{r_brace}] {center_dot} 2H{sub 2}O (3), [Co(H{sub 2}O)(bpy){sub 1/2}{l_brace}MnN(CN){sub 4}(bpy){sub 1/2}{r_brace}] {center_dot} 2H{sub 2}O (4) and [{l_brace}Mn(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}{r_brace}{sub 1/2}{l_brace}Mn(bpa){sub 2}{r_brace}{sub 1/2}{l_brace}MoO(CN){sub 4}(bpa){sub 1/2}{r_brace}] {center_dot} MeOH (5), (where bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine and bpa = 4,4'-bipyridylacetylene).« less

Effects of Bracing in Adult With Scoliosis: A Retrospective Study.

PubMed

Palazzo, Clémence; Montigny, Jean-Paul; Barbot, Frédéric; Bussel, Bernard; Vaugier, Isabelle; Fort, Didier; Courtois, Isabelle; Marty-Poumarat, Catherine

2017-01-01

To assess the effectiveness of bracing in adult with scoliosis. Retrospective cohort study. Outpatients followed in 2 tertiary care hospitals. Adults (N=38) with nonoperated progressive idiopathic or degenerative scoliosis treated by custom-molded lumbar-sacral orthoses, with a minimum follow-up time of 10 years before bracing and 5 years after bracing. Progression was defined as a variation in Cobb angle ≥10° between the first and the last radiograph before bracing. The brace was prescribed to be worn for a minimum of 6h/d. Not applicable. Rate of progression of the Cobb angle before and after bracing measured on upright 3-ft full-spine radiographs. At the moment of bracing, the mean age was 61.3±8.2 years, and the mean Cobb angle was 49.6°±17.7°. The mean follow-up time was 22.0±11.1 years before bracing and 8.7±3.3 years after bracing. For both types of scoliosis, the rate of progression decreased from 1.28°±.79°/y before to .21°±.43°/y after bracing (P<.0001). For degenerative and idiopathic scoliosis, it dropped from 1.47°±.83°/y before to .24°±.43°/y after bracing (P<.0001) and .70°±.06°/y before to .24°±.43°/y after bracing (P=.03), respectively. For the first time, to our knowledge, this study suggests that underarm bracing may be effective in slowing down the rate of progression in adult scoliosis. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results. Copyright © 2016 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Knee flexion deformity from poliomyelitis treated by supracondylar femoral extension osteotomy.

PubMed

de Moraes Barros Fucs, Patricia M; Svartman, Celso; de Assumpção, Rodrigo Montezuma César

2005-12-01

Between April 1979 and August 1993, we treated 39 patients (49 knees) with knee flexion deformity after Poliomyelitis. All were subjected to fractional hamstring lengthening and supracondylar femoral extension osteotomy in the same surgical procedure. The goal was to correct the deformity and fit the lower extremities in long braces to improve or promote gait. Patients' mean age was 19.5 (6.5-39) years and the mean knee flexion deformity was 65 degrees (24-158 degrees). The mean follow-up was 15.5 (11.5-25) years. Postoperatively, 22 knees had full extension, in 26 there was an extension lag between -1 and -10 degrees and in one a lag greater than 10 degrees. There were no neurovascular complications and all patients were fitted with long leg braces. Surgical planning is important, especially in severe deformities, where shortening of the femur is necessary to facilitate the osteotomy and relax the neurovascular structures.

A variant selection model for predicting the transformation texture of deformed austenite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Butron-Guillen, M.P.; Jonas, J.J.; Da Costa Viana, C.S.

1997-09-01

The occurrence of variant selection during the transformation of deformed austenite is examined, together with its effect on the product texture. A new prediction method is proposed based on the morphology of the austenite grains, on slip activity, and on the residual stresses remaining in the material after rolling. The aspect ratio of pancaked grains is demonstrated to play an important role in favoring selection of the transformed copper ({l_brace}311{r_brace}<011> and {l_brace}211{r_brace}<011>) components. The extent of shear on active slip planes during prior rolling is shown to promote the formation of the transformed brass ({l_brace}332{r_brace}<113> and {l_brace}211{r_brace}<113>) components. Finally, themore » residual stresses remaining in the material after rolling play an essential part by preventing growth of the {l_brace}110{r_brace}<110> and {l_brace}100{r_brace} orientations selected by the grain shape and slip activity rules. With the aid of these three variant selection criteria combined, it is possible to reproduce all the features of the transformation textures observed experimentally. The criteria also explain why the intensities of the transformed copper components are sensitive to the pancaking strain, while those of the transformed brass are a function of the cooling rate employed after hot rolling.« less

Prophylactic Ankle Braces and the Kinematics and Kinetics of Half-Squat Parachute Landing.

PubMed

Wu, Di; Zheng, Chao; Wu, Ji; Hu, Tan; Huang, Rongrong; Wang, Lizhen; Fan, Yubo

2018-02-01

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of dropping heights and prophylactic ankle braces on ankle joint biomechanics during half-squat parachute landing from two different heights. There were 30 male elite paratroopers with formal parachute landing training and more than 2 yr of parachute jumping experience who were recruited for this study. The subjects tested three different ankle brace conditions (no-brace, elastic brace, semirigid brace). Each subject was instructed to jump off a platform from two different heights of 0.4 m and 0.8 m, and land on a force plate in a half-squat posture. The Vicon 3D motion capture system and force plate were used to record and calculate kinematic and kinetic data. Dropping height had a significant effect on peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), maximum ankle angular displacement, and time to vGRF. As compared with the no-brace group, use of an elastic ankle brace significantly reduced peak vGRF by 18.57% and both braces significantly reduced the maximal angular displacements of dorsiflexion. The semirigid brace provided greater restriction against maximal angular displacement of inversion. The elastic and semirigid ankle braces both effectively restricted motion stability of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane, and the semirigid ankle brace prevented excessive inversion, although the comfort of this device should be improved overall.Wu D, Zheng C, Wu J, Hu T, Huang R, Wang L, Fan Y. Prophylactic ankle braces and the kinematics and kinetics of half-squat parachute landing. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(2):141-146.

Dynamic Compression System: An Effective Nonoperative Treatment for Pectus Carinatum: A Single Center Experience in Basel, Switzerland.

PubMed

Sesia, Sergio B; Holland-Cunz, Stefan; Häcker, Frank-Martin

2016-12-01

Background  Several nonoperative treatments are currently available for the correction of pectus carinatum (PC). Objective  The objective of this study is to report our single center experience with the dynamic compression system (DCS). Materials and Methods  The DCS is a rigid aluminum brace. PC is reshaped into a normal appearance through anterior-posterior pressure and lateral expansion of the chest. Patients with chondrogladiolar PC were considered suitable for the nonoperative treatment with DCS. Results  In this study, 53 of 68 children (78%) with chondrogladiolar PC were assessed retrospectively: 2 children were corrected by surgery, 12/53 (23%) treated by a conventional orthesis, 11/53 (21%) remained without therapy because of minor PC, and 36/53 (68%) were treated using the DCS. Of these 36 patients, 17 (47%) are already cured with a good (7/17) to excellent (10/17) cosmetic result after a median treatment period of 9 months (range, 2.5-16 months). The mean daily time of wearing of the device for those 17 patients was 9 hours (range, 5-18). None abandoned the treatment and there were almost no complications. Conclusions  Lateral expansion of the chest and the possibility to measure the applied pressure seemed to be the key to DCSs success. We propose the DCS as first choice in the treatment of chondrogladiolar PC in children. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Evaluation of the treatment of pectus carinatum with compressive orthotic bracing using three dimensional body scans.

PubMed

Wong, Kaitlyn E; Gorton, George E; Tashjian, David B; Tirabassi, Michael V; Moriarty, Kevin P

2014-06-01

The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of compressive orthotic brace therapy for the treatment of pectus carinatum using an adjusted Haller Index (HI) measurement calculated from 3D body scan (BS) images. Pediatric patients with pectus carinatum were treated with either compressive orthotic bracing or observation. An adjusted BS Haller index (HI) was calculated from serial 3D BS images obtained on all patients. Medical records were evaluated to determine treatment with bracing and brace compliance more than 12hours daily. Compliant patient measurements were compared to non-compliant and non-brace groups. Forty patients underwent compressive orthotic bracing, while ten were observed. Twenty-three patients were compliant with bracing, and seventeen patients were non-compliant. Compliant patients exhibited an 8.2% increase, non-compliant patients had a 1.5% increase, and non-brace patients exhibited a 2.5% increase in BS HI. The change in BS HI of compliant patients was significantly different compared to non-brace patients (p=0.004) and non-compliant patients (p<0.001). Three dimensional BS is an effective, radiation free, and objective means to evaluate patients treated with compressive orthotic bracing. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bulk viscosity and relaxation time of causal dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang Xuguang; Rischke, Dirk H.; Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, J.W. Goethe-Universitaet, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main

2011-02-15

The microscopic formulas of the bulk viscosity {zeta} and the corresponding relaxation time {tau}{sub {Pi}} in causal dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics are derived by using the projection operator method. In applying these formulas to the pionic fluid, we find that the renormalizable energy-momentum tensor should be employed to obtain consistent results. In the leading-order approximation in the chiral perturbation theory, the relaxation time is enhanced near the QCD phase transition, and {tau}{sub {Pi}} and {zeta} are related as {tau}{sub {Pi}={zeta}}/[{beta}{l_brace}(1/3-c{sub s}{sup 2})({epsilon}+P)-2({epsilon}-3P)/9{r_brace}], where {epsilon}, P, and c{sub s} are the energy density, pressure, and velocity of sound, respectively. The predictedmore » {zeta} and {tau}{sub {Pi}} should satisfy the so-called causality condition. We compare our result with the results of the kinetic calculation by Israel and Stewart and the string theory, and confirm that all three approaches are consistent with the causality condition.« less

Effect of cultural factors on outcome of Ponseti treatment of clubfeet in rural America.

PubMed

Avilucea, Frank R; Szalay, Elizabeth A; Bosch, Patrick P; Sweet, Katherine R; Schwend, Richard M

2009-03-01

Nonoperative management of clubfoot with the Ponseti method has proven to be effective, and it is the accepted initial form of treatment. Although several studies have shown that problems with compliance with the brace protocol are principally responsible for recurrence, no distinction has been made with regard to whether the distance from the site of care affects the early recurrence rate. We compared early recurrence after Ponseti treatment between rural and urban ethnically diverse North American populations to analyze whether distance from the site of care affects compliance and whether certain patient demographic characteristics predict recurrence. One hundred consecutive infants with a total of 138 clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method were followed prospectively for at least two years from the beginning of treatment. Early recurrence, defined as the need for subsequent cast treatment or surgical treatment, and compliance, defined as strict adherence to the brace protocol described by Ponseti, were analyzed with respect to the distance from the site of care, age at presentation, number of casts needed for the initial correction, need for tenotomy, and family demographic variables. Of eighteen infants from a rural area who had early recurrence, fourteen were Native American. The families of these children, like those of all of the children with early recurrence, discontinued orthotic use earlier than was recommended by the physician. Discontinuation of orthotic use was related to recurrence, with an odds ratio of 120 (p < 0.0001), in patients living in a rural area. Native American ethnicity, unmarried parents, public or no insurance, parental education at the high-school level or less, and a family income of less than $20,000 were also significant risk factors for recurrence in patients living in a rural area. Intrinsic factors of the clubfoot deformity were not correlated with recurrence or discontinuation of bracing. Compliance with the orthotic regimen after cast treatment is imperative for the Ponseti method to succeed. The striking difference in outcome in rural Native American patients as compared with the outcomes in urban Native American patients and children of other ethnicities suggests particular problems in communicating to families in this subpopulation the importance of bracing to maintain correction. An examination of communication styles suggested that these communication failures may be culturally related.

Scoliosis brace design: influence of visual aesthetics on user acceptance and compliance.

PubMed

Law, Derry; Cheung, Mei-Chun; Yip, Joanne; Yick, Kit-Lun; Wong, Christina

2017-06-01

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a common condition found in adolescents. A rigid brace is often prescribed as the treatment for this spinal deformity, which negatively affects user compliance due to the discomfort caused by the brace, and the psychological distress resulting from its appearance. However, the latter, which is the impact of visual aesthetics, has not been thoroughly studied for scoliosis braces. Therefore, a qualitative study with in-depth interviews has been carried out with 10 participants who have a Cobb angle of 20°-30° to determine the impact of visual aesthetics on user acceptance and compliance towards the brace. It is found that co-designing with patients on the aesthetic aspects of the surface design of the brace increases the level of user compliance and induces positive user perception. Therefore, aesthetic preferences need to be taken into consideration in the design process of braces. Practitioner Summary: The impact of visual aesthetics on user acceptance and compliance towards a rigid brace for scoliosis is investigated. The findings indicate that an aesthetically pleasing brace and the involvement of patients in the design process of the brace are important for increasing user compliance and addressing psychological issues during treatment.

Reforming the Belgian market for orthotic braces: what can we learn from the international experience?

PubMed

Simoens, Steven; De Coster, Sandra; Moldenaers, Ingrid; Guillaume, Paul; Depoorter, Antony; Van den Steen, Dirk; Van de Sande, Stefaan; Debruyne, Hans; Ramaekers, Dirk; Lona, Murielle

2008-05-01

This article aims to review regulation governing outpatient orthotic braces (neck, wrist and knee braces) in France, the Netherlands and Sweden with a view to reforming the Belgian market. Information about the regulatory framework was derived from an analysis of legal texts and a survey completed by national experts. Strategies to keep down prices include public procurement in Sweden, maximum prices in France, and exclusion of expensive braces from reimbursement in the Netherlands. Reimbursement is linked to a medical indication or a chronic condition in France, the Netherlands and Sweden. To gain reimbursement, the cost-effectiveness of orthotic braces needs to be demonstrated in France and the Netherlands. Orthotic braces tend to be initially prescribed by a specialist physician and distributed by orthotists, medical equipment shops and/or community pharmacies. Extensive government intervention exists in the outpatient orthotic brace market in the countries studied. Our recommendations to reform the Belgian market for prefabricated orthotic braces are to separate reimbursement for service provision from reimbursement for braces; to set prices by means of a tendering process or an international price comparison; and to make reimbursement conditional on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of braces.

Analysis of Limit Cycle Oscillation Data from the Aeroelastic Test of the SUGAR Truss-Braced Wing Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartels, Robert E.; Funk, Christie; Scott, Robert C.

2015-01-01

Research focus in recent years has been given to the design of aircraft that provide significant reductions in emissions, noise and fuel usage. Increases in fuel efficiency have also generally been attended by overall increased wing flexibility. The truss-braced wing (TBW) configuration has been forwarded as one that increases fuel efficiency. The Boeing company recently tested the Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) Truss-Braced Wing (TBW) wind-tunnel model in the NASA Langley Research Center Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT). This test resulted in a wealth of accelerometer data. Other publications have presented details of the construction of that model, the test itself, and a few of the results of the test. This paper aims to provide a much more detailed look at what the accelerometer data says about the onset of aeroelastic instability, usually known as flutter onset. Every flight vehicle has a location in the flight envelope of flutter onset, and the TBW vehicle is not different. For the TBW model test, the flutter onset generally occurred at the conditions that the Boeing company analysis said it should. What was not known until the test is that, over a large area of the Mach number dynamic pressure map, the model displayed wing/engine nacelle aeroelastic limit cycle oscillation (LCO). This paper dissects that LCO data in order to provide additional insights into the aeroelastic behavior of the model.

Which one Enhances Muscular Performance in ACL Reconstructed Subjects

PubMed Central

Harput, Gulcan; Ulusoy, Burak; Atay, Ahmet Ozgur; Baltacı, Gul

2014-01-01

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of functional knee brace and kinesiotaping on muscular performance in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed subjects who reached return to sport phase of the rehabilitation. Methods: Twenty (17 males, 3 females, Age: 24.7±7.1 years, Body weight: 74.4±12.0 kg, Height: 177.9±6.5 cm, BMI: 23.9±3.6 kg/m2) subjects who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by using hamstring tendon auto graft were included in this study. When the subjects reached the return to sports phase of rehabilitation which was 6th months after surgery, knee muscle strength, jump performance and balance tests were performed 3 times: bare, with knee brace and with kinesio taping. The order of the tests were randomized to eliminate the effects of fatigue and motor learning. Quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 180 °/s and 60°/s angular velocities. Vertical Jump (VJ) and One Leg Hop Tests (OLHT) were used to assess jump performance. Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) with anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral reach distance was used to assess the dynamic balance. When all tests were performed, the subjects were asked under which test condition they felt more confident. Repeated measures of ANOVA was used to analyze the difference among three test conditions (bare, kinesiotaping, knee brace). Bonferroni post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison. Results: SEBT posteromedial (PM)and posterolateral (PL) reach distances were found significantly different among three test conditions(PM: F(2,38)=3.42,p=0.04), PL: F(2,38)=4.37,p=0.02). Kinesiotaping increased posteromedial reach distance (p=0.03). On the other hand, brace decreased posterolateral reach distance (p=0.04). VJ and OLHT performance were also found significantly different between three test conditions (VJ: F (2,38)=3.44,p=0.04, OLHT: (F(2,38)=4.04,p=0.02). Kinesio taping increased one leg hop distance (p=0.01). However, brace decreased VJ distance (p=0.04). Kinesiotaping had no effect on quadriceps and hamstring strength (p>0.05). Only brace increased the quadriceps strength at 180 °/s (p=0.02). 40% of the subjects felt more confident with knee brace; 25% of them were more confident with kinesiotaping and the rest (35%) of them were more confident with no brace and kinesiotaping. Conclusion: Kinesiotaping enhances balance and jump performance except for increasing knee strength in ACLR subjects at 6th months after surgery when they normally return to their sport. Although, knee brace increases quadriceps strength, it has adverse effect on functional performance . Therefore, Kinesiotaping can be applied for those patients when they start their sport specific training to enhance functional performance.

Structural mechanism of the formation of mineral Na-tveitite-a new type of phase with a fluorite-derivative structure-in the NaF-CaF{sub 2}-(Y,Ln)F{sub 3} natural system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Golubev, A. M., E-mail: fluorides@ns.crys.ras.ru; Otroshchenko, L. P.; Sobolev, B. P.

2012-03-15

Relationships between the chemical compositions and structures of the mineral tveitite from the southern Norway pegmatites (with the idealized formula Ca{sub 14}Y{sub 5}F{sub 43}) and Na-tveitite from the Rov mountain (Keivy, Kola Peninsula) Na{sub 2.5}Ca{sub 10}Ln{sub 1.5}Y{sub 5}F{sub 42} are considered. According to the structural mechanism of its formation, Na-tveitite is a nanocomposite crystal based on the crystalline matrix Ca{sub 14}Y{sub 5}F{sub 43} with the ordered arrangement of {l_brace}Ca{sub 8}[CaY{sub 5}]F{sub 69}{r_brace} clusters which contain anionic {l_brace}F{sub 13}{r_brace} cuboctahedra with F{sup 1-} at the center. When Na-tveitite is formed, 29% of these clusters are statistically replaced by Na-'Y' clusters {l_brace}[Na{submore » 0.5}(Y,Ln){sub 0.5}]{sub 14}F{sub 64}{r_brace} with {l_brace}F{sub 8}{r_brace} cubes at the center (analogs of matrix fluorite groups {l_brace}Ca{sub 14}F{sub 64}{r_brace}). This replacement gives rise to composition-imperfect (Na, Ca, 'Y') cationic positions and occupancy-deficient F positions, which correspond to {l_brace}F{sub 13}{r_brace} cuboctahedra and the {l_brace}F{sub 8}{r_brace} cubes that replace them. The difference between Na-tveitite and fluorite phases M{sub 1-x}R{sub x}F{sub 2+x} is as follows: its matrix is the structure of the ordered phase (tveitite) into which Na-containing rare earth fragments of fluorite-type structure are incorporated instead of ordered-phase structural blocks (clusters).« less

Evaluation of Shoulder-Stabilizing Braces: Can We Prevent Shoulder Labrum Injury in Collegiate Offensive Linemen?

PubMed

Baker, Hayden P; Tjong, Vehniah K; Dunne, Kevin F; Lindley, Tory R; Terry, Michael A

2016-12-01

Shoulder injuries remain one of the most common injuries among collegiate football athletes. Offensive linemen in particular are prone to posterior labral pathology. To evaluate the efficacy of shoulder bracing in collegiate offensive linemen with respect to injury prevention, severity, and lost playing time. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Offensive linemen at a single collegiate institution wore bilateral shoulder-stabilizing braces for every contact practice and game beginning in the spring of 2013. Between spring of 2007 and fall of 2012, offensive linemen did not wear any shoulder braces. Player injury data were collected for all contact practices and games throughout these time periods to highlight differences with brace use. Forty-five offensive linemen (90 shoulders) participated in spring and fall college football seasons between 2007 and 2015. There were 145 complete offensive linemen seasons over the course of the study. Offensive linemen not wearing shoulder braces completed 87 seasons; offensive linemen wearing shoulder braces completed 58 seasons. Posterior labral tear injury rates were calculated for players who wore the shoulder braces (0.71 per 1000 athlete-exposures) compared with shoulders of players who did not wear the braces (1.90 per 1000 athlete-exposures). The risk ratio was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.16-1.30; P = .14). Mean time (contact practices and games) missed due to injury was significant, favoring less time missed by players who used braces (8.7 vs 36.60 contact practices and games missed due to injury; P = .0019). No significant difference in shoulder labral tears requiring surgery was found for brace use compared with no brace use. Shoulder-stabilizing braces were shown not to prevent posterior labral tears among collegiate offensive lineman, although they were associated with less time lost to injury. The results of this study have clinical significance, indicating that wearing a shoulder brace provides a protective factor for offensive linemen.

11. Detail of sway braces, struts and top lateral braces' ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Detail of sway braces, struts and top lateral braces' view to north-northwest - Milk River Bridge, Spanning Milk River approximately one mile north of Tampico on Tampico North Road, Tampico, Valley County, MT

Clinical practice guidelines for rest orthosis, knee sleeves, and unloading knee braces in knee osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Beaudreuil, Johann; Bendaya, Samy; Faucher, Marc; Coudeyre, Emmanuel; Ribinik, Patricia; Revel, Michel; Rannou, François

2009-12-01

To develop clinical practice guidelines concerning the use of bracing--rest orthosis, knee sleeves and unloading knee braces--for knee osteoarthritis. The French Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Society (SOFMER) methodology, associating a systematic literature review, collection of everyday clinical practice, and external review by multidisciplinary expert panel, was used. Few high-level studies of bracing for knee osteoarthritis were found. No evidence exists for the effectiveness of rest orthosis. Evidence for knee sleeves suggests that they decrease pain in knee osteoarthritis, and their use is associated with subjective improvement. These actions do not appear to depend on a local thermal effect. The effectiveness of knee sleeves for disability is not demonstrated for knee osteoarthritis. Short- and mid-term follow-up indicates that valgus knee bracing decreases pain and disability in medial knee osteoarthritis, appears to be more effective than knee sleeves, and improves quality of life, knee proprioception, quadriceps strength, and gait symmetry, and decreases compressive loads in the medial femoro-tibial compartment. However, results of response to valgus knee bracing remain inconsistent; discomfort and side effects can result. Thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs has been reported with the braces. Braces, whatever kind, are infrequently prescribed in clinical practice for osteoarthritis of the lower limbs. Modest evidence exists for the effectiveness of bracing--rest orthosis, knee sleeves and unloading knee braces--for knee osteoarthritis, with only low level recommendations for its use. Braces are prescribed infrequently in French clinical practice for osteoarthritis of the knee. Randomized clinical trials concerning bracing in knee osteoarthritis are still necessary.

Knee braces can decrease tibial rotation during pivoting that occurs in high demanding activities.

PubMed

Giotis, Dimitrios; Tsiaras, Vasilios; Ristanis, Stavros; Zampeli, Franceska; Mitsionis, Grigoris; Stergiou, Nicholas; Georgoulis, Anastasios D

2011-08-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether knee braces could effectively decrease tibial rotation during high demanding activities. Using an in vivo three-dimensional kinematic analysis, 21 physically active, healthy, male subjects were evaluated. Each subject performed two tasks that were used extensively in the literature because they combine increased rotational and translational loads on the knee, (1) descending from a stair and subsequent pivoting and (2) landing from a platform and subsequent pivoting under three conditions: (A) wearing a prophylactic brace (braced), (B) wearing a patellofemoral brace (sleeved), and (C) unbraced condition. In the first task, tibial rotation during the pivoting phase was significantly decreased in the braced condition as compared to the sleeved condition (P = 0.019) and the non-braced condition (P = 0.002). In the second task, the same variable was significantly decreased in the braced condition as compared to the sleeved (P = 0.001) and the unbraced condition (P < 0.001). The sleeved condition also produced significantly decreased tibial rotation with respect to the unbraced condition (P = 0.021). Bracing decreased tibial rotation in activities where increased translational and rotational forces were applied. Because knee braces decreased tibial rotation, they can possibly be used with ACL-reconstructed and ACL-deficient patients to prevent such problems. Case-control study, Level III.

Discrepancy in clinical versus radiological parameters describing deformity due to brace treatment for moderate idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Kotwicki, Tomasz; Kinel, Edyta; Stryla, Wanda; Szulc, Andrzej

2007-12-03

The shape of the torso in patients with idiopathic scoliosis is considered to reflect the shape of the vertebral column, however the direct correlation between parameters describing clinical deformity and those characterizing radiological curvature was reported to be weak. It is not clear if the management proposed for scoliosis (physiotherapy, brace, surgery) affects equally the shape of the axial skeleton and the surface of the body. The aim of the study was to compare clinical deformity of (1) idiopathic scoliosis girls being under brace treatment for radiological curves of 25 to 40 degrees and (2) non treated scoliotic girls matched for age and Cobb angle. Cross-sectional study of 24 girls wearing the brace versus 26 girls without brace treatment, matched for age and Cobb angle. Patients wearing the brace for more than 6 months, when comparing to patients without brace, may present different external morphology of the trunk, in spite of having similar Cobb angle. Material. girls, idiopathic scoliosis, growing age (10-16 years), Cobb angle minimum 25 degrees , maximum 40 degrees . The braced group consisted of girls wearing a TLSO brace (Cheneau) for more than 6 months with minimum of 16 hours per day. The non-braced group consisted of girls first seen for their spinal deformity, previously not treated. The groups presented similar curve pattern. Methods. Scoliometer exam: angle of trunk rotation at three levels of the spine: upper thoracic, main thoracic, lumbar or thoracolumbar. The maximal angle was noted at each level and the sum of three levels was calculated. Posterior trunk symmetry index (POTSI) and Hump Sum were measured using surface topography. Cobb angle was 34.9 degrees +/- 4.8 degrees in braced and 32.7 degrees +/- 4.9 degrees in un-braced patients (difference not significant). The age was 14.1 +/- 1.6 years in braced patients and 13.1 +/- 1.9 years in un-braced group (p = 0.046). The value of angle of trunk rotation in the main curvature was 8.4 degrees +/- 2.7 degrees in braced and 11.4 degrees +/- 2.7 degrees in un-braced patients (difference extremely significant, p = 0.0003). The value of the sum of angles of trunk rotation at three levels of the trunk was 12.8 degrees +/- 4.6 degrees in braced and 16.5 degrees +/- 3.8 degrees in un-braced patients (difference very significant, p = 0.0038). The POTSI did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.78), the Hump Sum values were not quite different (p = 0.07). (1) Adolescent girls wearing the brace for idiopathic scoliosis of 25 to 40 degrees of Cobb angle, reveal smaller clinical rotational deformity of their back than non-treated girls having similar radiological deformity. (2) Evaluation of the results of treatment for idiopathic scoliosis should consider parameters describing both clinical and radiological deformity.

Acute effects of spinal bracing on scapular kinematics in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Gur, Gozde; Turgut, Elif; Ayhan, Cigdem; Baltaci, Gul; Yakut, Yavuz

2017-08-01

Bracing is the most common nonsurgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spinal braces affect glenohumeral and scapulothoracic motion because they restrict trunk movements. However, the potential spinal-bracing effects on scapular kinematics are unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the acute effects of spinal bracing on scapular kinematics in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scapular kinematics, including scapular internal/external rotation, posterior/anterior tilting, and downward/upward rotation during scapular plane elevation, were evaluated in 27 in-brace and out-of-brace adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with a three-dimensional electromagnetic tracking system. Data on the position and orientation of the scapula at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° humerothoracic elevation were used for statistical comparisons. The paired t-test was used to assess the differences between the mean values of in-brace and out-of-brace conditions. The in-brace condition showed significantly increased (P<0.05) scapular anterior tilting and decreased internal rotation in the resting position on the convex and concave sides; increased scapular downward rotation at 120° humerothoracic elevation on the convex side and at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° humerothoracic elevation on the concave side; increased scapular anterior tilt at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° humerothoracic elevation on the convex and concave sides; and decreased (P<0.05) maximal humerothoracic elevation of the arm. Spinal bracing affects scapular kinematics. Observed changes in scapular kinematics with brace may also affect upper extremity function for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Therefore, clinicians should include assessments of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints when designing rehabilitation protocols for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ankle Ranges of Motion During Extended Activity Periods While Taped and Braced

PubMed Central

Paris, David L.; Kokkaliaris, Jimmy; Vardaxis, Vassilios

1995-01-01

Tape has traditionally been used to support the ankle during activity. More recently, commercial ankle braces have been worn as an alternative. The cumulative information on the effects of taped versus braced ankle support or interbrace comparisons is inconclusive. With few exceptions, ankle brace studies have collected data soon after support conditions were administered. Plantar-dorsiflexion and inversion-eversion ranges of motion (ROM) of 30 subjects were compared under conditions of unsupported, nonelastic adhesivetaped, and Swede-O and Sub Talar Support-braced ankles. We recorded measurements before activity and after periods of 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes of selected activity on a motorized treadmill. All support conditions significantly reduced preactivity ROM in all directions compared to unsupported ankles. Results showed that the ankle significantly increased in plantarflexion ROM 15 minutes after the initiation of activity with tape or the SubTalar Support-brace, and after 30 minutes with the Swede-O brace. Tape showed further significant increases in plantarflexion ROM after 15-minute intervals of 30, 45, and 60 minutes of activity. All three support conditions had increased significantly in inversion ROM by 15 minutes of activity. The SubTalar Support brace showed a further significant inversion ROM increase between 15 and 30 minutes postactivity. We conclude that the Swede-O and SubTalar Support braces and tape offer significant preactivity ankle support in all four directions of movement. We also conclude that both braces offer longer postactivity support than tape. In inversion ROM and plantarflexion ROM, actions prevalent in ankle sprains, the Swede-O brace retained support longer than the SubTalar Support brace. ImagesFig 1.Fig 2.Fig 3. PMID:16558340

Professional opinion concerning the effectiveness of bracing relative to observation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Dolan, Lori A; Donnelly, Melanie J; Spratt, Kevin F; Weinstein, Stuart L

2007-01-01

To determine if community equipoise exists concerning the effectiveness of bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Bracing is the standard of care for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis despite the lack of strong reasearch evidence concerning its effectiveness. Thus, some researchers support the idea of a randomized trial, whereas others think that randomization in the face of a standard of care would be unethical. A random of Scoliosis Research Society and Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America members were asked to consider 12 clinical profiles and to give their opinion concerning the radiographic outcomes after observation and bracing. An expert panel was created from the respondents. They expressed a wide array of opinions concerning the percentage of patients within each scenario who would benefit from bracing. Agreement was noted concerning the risk due to bracing for post-menarchal patients only. : This study found a high degree of variability in opinion among clinicians concerning the effectiveness of bracing, suggesting that a randomized trial of bracing would be ethical.

Chinese Adaptation of the Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire for Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Under Brace Treatment.

PubMed

Xu, Ximing; Wang, Fei; Yang, Mingyuan; Huang, Qikai; Chang, Yifan; Wei, Xianzhao; Bai, Yushu; Li, Ming

2015-08-01

Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQ)-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace are the most widely used instruments for evaluating stress levels in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients under brace treatment, and good reliability and validity have been demonstrated across different cultures. Great stress has been found among many adolescents, becoming a major concern for professionals. However, no previous research has addressed the cultural adaptations and psychometric testing of BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace in China or the stress levels in AIS patients. The purposes of our study were to evaluate the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace and to investigate stress levels in Chinese (AIS) patients under brace treatment.The original (German) versions of BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace were cross-culturally translated according to international guidelines. Psychometric properties such as reliability and construct validity were tested. Eighty-six AIS patients were included in our study, and 50 patients paid a second visit 3 to 7 days later to test reproducibility. Cronbach α and the intraclass coefficient were determined to assess internal consistency and reproducibility. Scoliosis Research Society patient questionnaire-22 (SRS-22) was applied to evaluate construct validity.The mean BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace scores were 15.3 and 13.4 points, respectively. Severe stress was observed in 12% of patients due to brace treatment. Item analysis demonstrated that each item was scored under a normal distribution with no redundancy. Psychometric analysis revealed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.85 and 0.80, respectively) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.85 and 0.90, respectively) for BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace. The correlation coefficients of BSSQ-Deformity, BSSQ-Brace and SRS-22 were 0.48 and 0.63, respectively.In conclusion, BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace have been successfully adapted to a Chinese background and psychometrically validated with excellent reliability and construct validity. Brace wearing is considered the main cause of stress in AIS patients under brace treatment.

Chinese Adaptation of the Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire for Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Under Brace Treatment

PubMed Central

Xu, Ximing; Wang, Fei; Yang, Mingyuan; Huang, Qikai; Chang, Yifan; Wei, Xianzhao; Bai, Yushu; Li, Ming

2015-01-01

Abstract Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQ)-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace are the most widely used instruments for evaluating stress levels in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients under brace treatment, and good reliability and validity have been demonstrated across different cultures. Great stress has been found among many adolescents, becoming a major concern for professionals. However, no previous research has addressed the cultural adaptations and psychometric testing of BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace in China or the stress levels in AIS patients. The purposes of our study were to evaluate the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace and to investigate stress levels in Chinese (AIS) patients under brace treatment. The original (German) versions of BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace were cross-culturally translated according to international guidelines. Psychometric properties such as reliability and construct validity were tested. Eighty-six AIS patients were included in our study, and 50 patients paid a second visit 3 to 7 days later to test reproducibility. Cronbach α and the intraclass coefficient were determined to assess internal consistency and reproducibility. Scoliosis Research Society patient questionnaire-22 (SRS-22) was applied to evaluate construct validity. The mean BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace scores were 15.3 and 13.4 points, respectively. Severe stress was observed in 12% of patients due to brace treatment. Item analysis demonstrated that each item was scored under a normal distribution with no redundancy. Psychometric analysis revealed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.85 and 0.80, respectively) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.85 and 0.90, respectively) for BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace. The correlation coefficients of BSSQ-Deformity, BSSQ-Brace and SRS-22 were 0.48 and 0.63, respectively. In conclusion, BSSQ-Deformity and BSSQ-Brace have been successfully adapted to a Chinese background and psychometrically validated with excellent reliability and construct validity. Brace wearing is considered the main cause of stress in AIS patients under brace treatment. PMID:26252283

Mechanical constraint from growing jaw facilitates mammalian dental diversity

PubMed Central

Renvoisé, Elodie; Kavanagh, Kathryn D.; Lazzari, Vincent; Häkkinen, Teemu J.; Rice, Ritva; Pantalacci, Sophie; Salazar-Ciudad, Isaac; Jernvall, Jukka

2017-01-01

Much of the basic information about individual organ development comes from studies using model species. Whereas conservation of gene regulatory networks across higher taxa supports generalizations made from a limited number of species, generality of mechanistic inferences remains to be tested in tissue culture systems. Here, using mammalian tooth explants cultured in isolation, we investigate self-regulation of patterning by comparing developing molars of the mouse, the model species of mammalian research, and the bank vole. A distinct patterning difference between the vole and the mouse molars is the alternate cusp offset present in the vole. Analyses of both species using 3D reconstructions of developing molars and jaws, computational modeling of cusp patterning, and tooth explants cultured with small braces show that correct cusp offset requires constraints on the lateral expansion of the developing tooth. Vole molars cultured without the braces lose their cusp offset, and mouse molars cultured with the braces develop a cusp offset. Our results suggest that cusp offset, which changes frequently in mammalian evolution, is more dependent on the 3D support of the developing jaw than other aspects of tooth shape. This jaw–tooth integration of a specific aspect of the tooth phenotype indicates that organs may outsource specific aspects of their morphology to be regulated by adjacent body parts or organs. Comparative studies of morphologically different species are needed to infer the principles of organogenesis. PMID:28808032

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A 71 Cases Study Ascertaining that Straightening Is Possible, and a New Etiological Hypothesis.

PubMed

Polak, Jan

2013-12-01

Seventy-one children (23 boys and 48 girls, aged 6 to 18 year-old) with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) between 11° and 62°, without braces, have been treated manually, only at the level of the neck. To ascertain that non-surgical straightening of AIS is possible (without brace). So far no disease modifying treatment for AIS existed. Braces can only slow down worsening (and this can only be achieved if they are worn 23 hours a day). Surgery is not without important risks. All patients have been treated exclusively with a manual therapy called Brachy-Myotherapy. This method treats spasmed (contractured) muscles by placing them in a shortening position according to a specific protocol. An average straightening of 8° of AIS was observed, with a maximum of 25°. 94% of cases improved, 67 out of 71. The worst prognosis was, the better results. The more advanced AIS was, the better the results. A simple and reliable treatment of AIS is possible. AIS seems to be a compensation mechanism of the body, with the aim of keeping the ears, and thus the labyrinths, at a horizontal level for correct equilibrium. When lasting post-traumatic neck muscle contractures causing a permanent side-bending of the skull have been treated, this compensation mechanism becomes irrelevant and scoliosis tends to subside.

Ponseti method in the management of clubfoot under 2 years of age: A systematic review

PubMed Central

Luximon, Ameersing; Al-Jumaily, Adel; Balasankar, Suchita Kothe; Naik, Ganesh R.

2017-01-01

Background Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, is common congenital orthopedic foot deformity in children characterized by four components of foot deformities: hindfoot equinus, hindfoot varus, midfoot cavus, and forefoot adduction. Although a number of conservative and surgical methods have been proposed to correct the clubfoot deformity, the relapses of the clubfoot are not uncommon. Several previous literatures discussed about the technical details of Ponseti method, adherence of Ponseti protocol among walking age or older children. However there is a necessity to investigate the relapse pattern, compliance of bracing, number of casts used in treatment and the percentages of surgical referral under two years of age for clear understanding and better practice to achieve successful outcome without or reduce relapse. Therefore this study aims to review the current evidence of Ponseti method (manipulation, casting, percutaneous Achilles tenotomy, and bracing) in the management of clubfoot under two years of age. Materials and methods Articles were searched from 2000 to 2015, in the following databases to identify the effectiveness of Ponseti method treatment for clubfoot: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL), PubMed, and Scopus. The database searches were limited to articles published in English, and articles were focused on the effectiveness of Ponseti method on children with less than 2 years of age. Results Of the outcome of 1095 articles from four electronic databases, twelve articles were included in the review. Pirani scoring system, Dimeglio scoring system, measuring the range of motion and rate of relapses were used as outcome measures. Conclusions In conclusion, all reviewed, 12 articles reported that Ponseti method is a very effective method to correct the clubfoot deformities. However, we noticed that relapses occur in nine studies, which is due to the non-adherence of bracing regime and other factors such as low income and social economic status. PMID:28632733

Ce{sub 2}AgYb{sub 5/3}Se{sub 6}, La{sub 2}CuErTe{sub 5}, and Ce{sub 2}CuTmTe{sub 5}: Three new quaternary interlanthanide chalcogenides

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Babo, Jean-Marie; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E., E-mail: talbrec1@nd.edu

2013-01-15

Three new ordered quaternary interlanthanide chalcogenides, Ce{sub 2}AgYb{sub 5/3}Se{sub 6}, La{sub 2}CuErTe{sub 5}, and Ce{sub 2}CuTmTe{sub 5}, have been prepared by direct reaction of the elements in molten NaBr at 900 Degree-Sign C. Each compound forms a new structure-type. The Ce{sub 2}AgYb{sub 5/3}Se{sub 6} structure consists of {infinity}{sup 2}{l_brace} [AgYb{sub 5/6}Se{sub 6}]{sup 6-}{r_brace} layers intercalated by Ce{sup 3+} cations. These layers are composed of {infinity}{sup 1}{l_brace} [Yb{sub 5/3}Se{sub 6}]{sup 7-}{r_brace} quadruplet ribbons of [YbSe{sub 6}]{sup 9-} octahedra and infinite {infinity}{sup 1}{l_brace} [AgSe{sub 6}]{sup 11-}{r_brace} double chains of [AgSe{sub 5}]{sup 9-}. The La{sub 2}CuErTe{sub 5} structure is made of one-dimensional {infinity}{supmore » 1}{l_brace} [CuErTe{sub 5}]{sup 6-}{r_brace} ribbons separated by La{sup 3+} cations. These ribbons are formed by cis-edge sharing {infinity}{sup 1}{l_brace} [CuTe{sub 2}]{sup 3-}{r_brace} tetrahedral chains and trans-edge sharing {infinity}{sup 1}{l_brace} [ErTe{sub 4}]{sup 5-}{r_brace} chains. While La{sub 2}CuErTe{sub 5} crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, Ce{sub 2}CuTmTe{sub 5} crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m. The latter crystal structure is assembled from {infinity}{sup 2}{l_brace} [CuTmTe{sub 5}]{sup 6-}{r_brace} layers intercalated by Ce{sup 3+} cations. These layers consist of single {infinity}{sup 1}{l_brace} [TmTe{sub 4}]{sup 5-}{r_brace} chains connected to each other through dimers or pseudo-double chains. - Graphical abstract: [CuTe{sub 4}]{sup 7-} tetrahedra sharing cis-edges to yield chains in the La{sub 2}CuErTe{sub 5}. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New ordered interlanthanide tellurides. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New quaternary chalcogenides. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Low-dimensional lanthanide chalcogenide substructures. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Flux synthesis of new chalcogenides.« less

Discrepancy in clinical versus radiological parameters describing deformity due to brace treatment for moderate idiopathic scoliosis

PubMed Central

Kotwicki, Tomasz; Kinel, Edyta; Stryla, Wanda; Szulc, Andrzej

2007-01-01

Background The shape of the torso in patients with idiopathic scoliosis is considered to reflect the shape of the vertebral column, however the direct correlation between parameters describing clinical deformity and those characterizing radiological curvature was reported to be weak. It is not clear if the management proposed for scoliosis (physiotherapy, brace, surgery) affects equally the shape of the axial skeleton and the surface of the body. The aim of the study was to compare clinical deformity of (1) idiopathic scoliosis girls being under brace treatment for radiological curves of 25 to 40 degrees and (2) non treated scoliotic girls matched for age and Cobb angle. Methods Cross-sectional study of 24 girls wearing the brace versus 26 girls without brace treatment, matched for age and Cobb angle. Hypothesis: Patients wearing the brace for more than 6 months, when comparing to patients without brace, may present different external morphology of the trunk, in spite of having similar Cobb angle. Material. Inclusion criteria: girls, idiopathic scoliosis, growing age (10–16 years), Cobb angle minimum 25°, maximum 40°. The braced group consisted of girls wearing a TLSO brace (Cheneau) for more than 6 months with minimum of 16 hours per day. The non-braced group consisted of girls first seen for their spinal deformity, previously not treated. The groups presented similar curve pattern. Methods. Scoliometer exam: angle of trunk rotation at three levels of the spine: upper thoracic, main thoracic, lumbar or thoracolumbar. The maximal angle was noted at each level and the sum of three levels was calculated. Posterior trunk symmetry index (POTSI) and Hump Sum were measured using surface topography. Results Cobb angle was 34.9° ± 4.8° in braced and 32.7° ± 4.9° in un-braced patients (difference not significant). The age was 14.1 ± 1.6 years in braced patients and 13.1 ± 1.9 years in un-braced group (p = 0.046). The value of angle of trunk rotation in the main curvature was 8.4° ± 2.7°in braced and 11.4° ± 2.7° in un-braced patients (difference extremely significant, p = 0.0003). The value of the sum of angles of trunk rotation at three levels of the trunk was 12.8° ± 4.6° in braced and 16.5° ± 3.8° in un-braced patients (difference very significant, p = 0.0038). The POTSI did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.78), the Hump Sum values were not quite different (p = 0.07). Conclusion (1) Adolescent girls wearing the brace for idiopathic scoliosis of 25 to 40 degrees of Cobb angle, reveal smaller clinical rotational deformity of their back than non-treated girls having similar radiological deformity. (2) Evaluation of the results of treatment for idiopathic scoliosis should consider parameters describing both clinical and radiological deformity. PMID:18053172

21 CFR 882.4325 - Cranial drill handpiece (brace).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Cranial drill handpiece (brace). 882.4325 Section... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES NEUROLOGICAL DEVICES Neurological Surgical Devices § 882.4325 Cranial drill handpiece (brace). (a) Identification. A cranial drill handpiece (brace) is a hand holder, which is used...

21 CFR 882.4325 - Cranial drill handpiece (brace).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Cranial drill handpiece (brace). 882.4325 Section... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES NEUROLOGICAL DEVICES Neurological Surgical Devices § 882.4325 Cranial drill handpiece (brace). (a) Identification. A cranial drill handpiece (brace) is a hand holder, which is used...

21 CFR 882.4325 - Cranial drill handpiece (brace).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Cranial drill handpiece (brace). 882.4325 Section... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES NEUROLOGICAL DEVICES Neurological Surgical Devices § 882.4325 Cranial drill handpiece (brace). (a) Identification. A cranial drill handpiece (brace) is a hand holder, which is used...

49 CFR 195.208 - Welding of supports and braces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Welding of supports and braces. 195.208 Section 195.208 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS... HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Construction § 195.208 Welding of supports and braces. Supports or braces may...

Structural sizing of a solar powered aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, D. W.; Hall, S. A.

1984-01-01

The development of sizing algorithms for very lightweight aircraft structure was studied. Three types of bracing schemes were analyzed and fully cantilevered strut bracing and wire bracing and scaling rules were determined. It is found that wire bracing provides the lightest wing structure for solar high altitude powered platforms.

49 CFR 195.208 - Welding of supports and braces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Welding of supports and braces. 195.208 Section 195.208 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS... HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Construction § 195.208 Welding of supports and braces. Supports or braces may...

49 CFR 195.208 - Welding of supports and braces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Welding of supports and braces. 195.208 Section 195.208 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS... HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Construction § 195.208 Welding of supports and braces. Supports or braces may...

49 CFR 195.208 - Welding of supports and braces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Welding of supports and braces. 195.208 Section 195.208 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS... HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Construction § 195.208 Welding of supports and braces. Supports or braces may...

49 CFR 195.208 - Welding of supports and braces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Welding of supports and braces. 195.208 Section 195.208 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS... HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Construction § 195.208 Welding of supports and braces. Supports or braces may...

[Surgery in times of crisis: conservative treatment of pectus carinatum by static corset].

PubMed

Redondo Sedano, J V; Delgado Muñoz, M D; Martí Carrera, M E; Gómez Fraile, A

2017-04-20

Dynamic compression system is the elective treatment for chondrogladiolar pectus carinatum. Nevertheless, its high cost poses a problem for its prescription in places where it is not subsidized. This article analyzes the experience of the Paediatric Plastic Surgery Service at a third grade hospital in the treatment of this deformity with a static compression system. The study presents a descriptive, retrospective analysis of 30 patients with pectus carinatum treated with a static compression system. Furthermore, we describe the protocol of treatment used at our unit, and we analyse the satisfaction with bracing therapy, and its relation to therapeutic compliance. The study includes 28 boys and 2 girls. 93% of the patients presented a chondrogladiolar pectus carinatum. At the moment of finishing the study, 11 patients have completed the treatment, 14 still bracing, and 5 were lost in the follow-up. Satisfaction questionnaires were answered by 19 patients. Bracing therapy with static compression system is the treatment of choice for chondrogladiolar pectus carinatum in our unit, because of its effectiveness and lower price. Quality of life questionnaires show better marks in patients that are in the second phase of treatment.

Control strategy for cooperating disparate manipulators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lew, Jae Young

1989-01-01

To manipulate large payloads typical of space construction, the concept of a small arm mounted on the end of a large arm is introduced. The main purposes of such a configuration are to increase the structural stiffness of the robot by bracing against or locking to a stationary frame, and to maintain a firm position constraint between the robot's base and workpieces by grasping them. Possible topologies for a combination of disparate large and small arms are discussed, and kinematics, dynamics, controls, and coordination of the two arms, especially when they brace at the tip of the small arm, are developed. The feasibility and improvement in performance are verified, not only with analytical work and simulation results but also with experiments on the existing arrangement Robotic Arm Large and Flexible and Small Articulated Manipulator.

Orthotic management for children with osteogenesis imperfecta.

PubMed

Weintrob, J C

1995-01-01

Fitting children and infants who have osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with braces has posed substantial problems of implementation and patient management For the past twelve years bracing has been an important component of a patient research and management program conducted at the National Institutes of Health. By using the smallest manufactured parts and developing a wealth of experience, functional and well-fitting braces have been provided to a number of tiny and small children. Bracing allows these children to stand and walk earlier than would have otherwise been possible. Braces are used in conjunction with standing frames and parapodiums to increase a child's mobility. Less involved children have become good household and short distance ambulators with the use of braces.

Nonsurgical Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

PubMed

Gomez, Jaime A; Hresko, M Timothy; Glotzbecker, Michael P

2016-08-01

Pediatric patient visits for spinal deformity are common. Most of these visits are for nonsurgical management of scoliosis, with approximately 600,000 visits for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) annually. Appropriate management of scoliotic curves that do not meet surgical indication parameters is essential. Renewed enthusiasm for nonsurgical management of AIS (eg, bracing, physical therapy) exists in part because of the results of the Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial, which is the only randomized controlled trial available on the use of bracing for AIS. Bracing is appropriate for idiopathic curves between 20° and 40°, with successful control of these curves reported in >70% of patients. Patient adherence to the prescribed duration of wear is essential to maximize the effectiveness of the brace. The choice of brace type must be individualized according to the deformity and the patient's personality as well as the practice setting and brace availability.

77 FR 34870 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

... Bombardier, Inc. Model CL-600-2B19 (Regional Jet Series 100 & 440) airplanes. The existing AD currently requires a one-time inspection of the shafts of the main landing gear (MLG) side-brace fittings to detect...-brace fitting and replacing the side-brace fitting shaft with the re-designed side-brace fitting shaft...

48 CFR 52.247-58 - Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. 52.247-58 Section 52.247-58 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.247-58 Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. As... be shipped in carload lots by rail: Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments (APR 1984...

48 CFR 52.247-58 - Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. 52.247-58 Section 52.247-58 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.247-58 Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. As... be shipped in carload lots by rail: Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments (APR 1984...

48 CFR 52.247-58 - Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. 52.247-58 Section 52.247-58 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.247-58 Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. As... be shipped in carload lots by rail: Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments (APR 1984...

48 CFR 52.247-58 - Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. 52.247-58 Section 52.247-58 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.247-58 Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. As... be shipped in carload lots by rail: Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments (APR 1984...

48 CFR 52.247-58 - Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... be shipped in carload lots by rail: Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments (APR 1984... Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. 52.247-58 Section 52.247-58 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.247-58 Loading, Blocking, and Bracing of Freight Car Shipments. As...

Professional Opinion Concerning the Effectiveness of Bracing Relative to Observation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

PubMed Central

Dolan, Lori A.; Donnelly, Melanie J.; Spratt, Kevin F.; Weinstein, Stuart L.

2015-01-01

Objective To determine if community equipoise exists concerning the effectiveness of bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Background Data Bracing is the standard of care for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis despite the lack of strong reasearch evidence concerning its effectiveness. Thus, some researchers support the idea of a randomized trial, whereas others think that randomization in the face of a standard of care would be unethical. Methods A random of Scoliosis Research Society and Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America members were asked to consider 12 clinical profiles and to give their opinion concerning the radiographic outcomes after observation and bracing. Results An expert panel was created from the respondents. They expressed a wide array of opinions concerning the percentage of patients within each scenario who would benefit from bracing. Agreement was noted concerning the risk due to bracing for post-menarchal patients only. Conclusions This study found a high degree of variability in opinion among clinicians concerning the effectiveness of bracing, suggesting that a randomized trial of bracing would be ethical. PMID:17414008

The effect of ankle bracing on knee kinetics and kinematics during volleyball-specific tasks.

PubMed

West, T; Ng, L; Campbell, A

2014-12-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle bracing on knee kinetics and kinematics during volleyball tasks. Fifteen healthy, elite, female volleyball players performed a series of straight-line and lateral volleyball tasks with no brace and when wearing an ankle brace. A 14-camera Vicon motion analysis system and AMTI force plate were used to capture the kinetic and kinematic data. Knee range of motion, peak knee anterior-posterior and medial-lateral shear forces, and peak ground reaction forces that occurred between initial contact with the force plate and toe off were compared using paired sample t-tests between the braced and non-braced conditions (P < 0.05). The results revealed no significant effect of bracing on knee kinematics or ground reaction forces during any task or on knee kinetics during the straight-line movement volleyball tasks. However, ankle bracing was demonstrated to reduce knee lateral shear forces during all of the lateral movement volleyball tasks. Wearing the Active Ankle T2 brace will not impact knee joint range of motion and may in fact reduce shear loading to the knee joint in volleyball players. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The effect of bracing availability on one-hand isometric force exertion capability.

PubMed

Jones, Monica L H; Reed, Matthew P; Chaffin, Don B

2013-01-01

Environmental obstructions that workers encounter can kinematically limit the postures that they can achieve. However, such obstructions can also provide an opportunity for additional support by bracing with the hand, thigh or other body part. The reaction forces on bracing surfaces, which are in addition to those acting at the feet and task hand, are hypothesised to improve force exertion capability, and become required inputs to biomechanical analysis of tasks with bracing. The effects of kinematic constraints and associated bracing opportunities on isometric hand force were quantified in a laboratory study of 22 men and women. Analyses of one-hand maximal push, pull and lift tasks demonstrated that bracing surfaces available at the thighs and non-task hand enabled participants to exert an average of 43% more force at the task hand. Task hand force direction deviated significantly from the nominal direction for exertions performed with bracing at both medium and low task hand locations. This study quantifies the effect of bracing on kinematically constrained force exertions. Knowledge that appropriate bracing surfaces can substantially increase hand force is critical to the evaluation of task-oriented strength capability. Force estimates may also involve large off-axis components, which have clear implications for ergonomic analyses of manual tasks.

Brace related stress in scoliosis patients – Comparison of different concepts of bracing

PubMed Central

Weiss, Hans-Rudolf; Werkmann, Mario; Stephan, Carola

2007-01-01

Background The BSSQbrace questionnaire has been shown to be reliable with good internal consistency and reproducibility estimating the stress scoliosis patients have whilst wearing their brace. Eight questions are provided focussing on this topic. A max. score of 24 can be achieved (from 0 for most stress to 24 for no stress). The subdivision of the score values is: 0–8 (strong stress), 9–16 (medium stress) and 17–24 (little stress). Study design Two BSSQbrace questionnaires have been posted to 65 patients under brace treatment from our Cheneau light data base. All patients had another kind of brace prior to the Cheneau light. The patients have been asked to rate their stress level using one questionnaire for the current brace and the other for the previous one. Results 63 Patients (59 girls and 4 boys) returned their fully completed questionnaires (average age 13,6 years, average Cobb angle 43,7 degrees). Stress level in the previous brace was 11,04 and in the Cheneau light(r) 13,87. The differences were highly significant in the t-test; t = -4,67; p < 0,001. Conclusion The use of the Cheneau light® brace leads to reduced stress and/or impairment for the patients under treatment compared to heavier brace models used so far. PMID:17708766

Study on three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography of ACL deficient knee participants wearing a functional knee brace during running.

PubMed

Théoret, Daniel; Lamontagne, Mario

2006-06-01

This investigation examined the muscular activity and 3D knee joint kinematic changes of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient (ACLD) participants in the involved leg under bracing condition during running. Different adaptation strategies have been found between patients who can cope with the injury and patients who cannot. One of the expected changes can be the muscle activation characteristic of the injured knee during strenuous activity with and without a functional knee brace. Three-dimensional kinematic and electromyographical (EMG) data were collected from 11 participants for 10 consecutive gait cycles during running on a treadmill under both braced and unbraced conditions. Participants were administered the "Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale" to distinguish functional and non-functional candidates. No significant differences on 3D kinematics and EMG data were noted between functional and non-functional participants, thus data analysis focused on comparisons of bracing conditions for one combined group. Bracing significantly reduced total range of motion in the frontal and transverse planes (P<0.05). Muscle activity at heel-strike showed a consistent trend to increase for the hamstrings and decrease for the quadriceps under the braced condition when compared to the unbraced condition. Our findings indicate that bracing the ACLD knee alters the kinematics of the injured leg while running. Tendencies toward reductions in quadriceps and increases in hamstrings activity at heel-strike indicate that bracing might have resulted in added stability of the injured knee. The adaptations to bracing found in this preliminary study further support the potential mechanical and proprioceptive contributions of the functional knee brace to protect the ACLD knee.

The Effects of Elbow Bracing on Medial Elbow Joint Space Gapping Associated With Repetitive Throwing in High School Baseball Players

PubMed Central

Hattori, Hiroshi; Akasaka, Kiyokazu; Otsudo, Takahiro; Takei, Keiichi; Yamamoto, Mitsuru

2017-01-01

Background: Throwing athletes risk medial elbow injury from extreme valgus stress generated across the medial elbow during throwing. Braces have been developed to protect the elbow joint; however, no previous study has investigated the effects of elbow bracing on medial elbow joint space gapping associated with repetitive throwing. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of elbow bracing on medial elbow joint space gapping during repetitive throwing. Our hypothesis was that an elbow brace may reduce mechanical stress on the elbow by reducing medial elbow joint space gapping. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-five high school baseball players participated in this study. Each subject pitched 100 times under 2 conditions: control (without elbow brace) and elbow brace. The ulnohumeral joint space was measured ultrasonically before pitching and after every block of 20 pitches. Measurement of the ulnohumeral joint space was carried out using ultrasound with the forearm hanging by the side. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests were used to compare ulnohumeral joint space with repeated pitching and between the elbow brace and control conditions. Results: In the control condition, ulnohumeral joint space after 60 pitches was significantly greater than that before pitching (P < .01). In contrast, in the elbow brace condition, ulnohumeral joint space was not significantly different after repeated pitching. When comparing these 2 conditions, ulnohumeral joint space in the control condition was significantly greater than that in the elbow brace condition after 60 pitches (P < .01). Conclusion: An elbow brace has the effect of preventing medial elbow joint space gapping with repeated throwing when determined ultrasonically by measuring the ulnohumeral joint space under gravity load. Clinical Relevance: An elbow brace worn during baseball pitching practice may help reduce mechanical stress on the elbow by reducing medial elbow joint space gapping. PMID:28451622

The Effects of Elbow Bracing on Medial Elbow Joint Space Gapping Associated With Repetitive Throwing in High School Baseball Players.

PubMed

Hattori, Hiroshi; Akasaka, Kiyokazu; Otsudo, Takahiro; Takei, Keiichi; Yamamoto, Mitsuru

2017-04-01

Throwing athletes risk medial elbow injury from extreme valgus stress generated across the medial elbow during throwing. Braces have been developed to protect the elbow joint; however, no previous study has investigated the effects of elbow bracing on medial elbow joint space gapping associated with repetitive throwing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of elbow bracing on medial elbow joint space gapping during repetitive throwing. Our hypothesis was that an elbow brace may reduce mechanical stress on the elbow by reducing medial elbow joint space gapping. Controlled laboratory study. Twenty-five high school baseball players participated in this study. Each subject pitched 100 times under 2 conditions: control (without elbow brace) and elbow brace. The ulnohumeral joint space was measured ultrasonically before pitching and after every block of 20 pitches. Measurement of the ulnohumeral joint space was carried out using ultrasound with the forearm hanging by the side. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests were used to compare ulnohumeral joint space with repeated pitching and between the elbow brace and control conditions. In the control condition, ulnohumeral joint space after 60 pitches was significantly greater than that before pitching ( P < .01). In contrast, in the elbow brace condition, ulnohumeral joint space was not significantly different after repeated pitching. When comparing these 2 conditions, ulnohumeral joint space in the control condition was significantly greater than that in the elbow brace condition after 60 pitches ( P < .01). An elbow brace has the effect of preventing medial elbow joint space gapping with repeated throwing when determined ultrasonically by measuring the ulnohumeral joint space under gravity load. An elbow brace worn during baseball pitching practice may help reduce mechanical stress on the elbow by reducing medial elbow joint space gapping.

The Effect of Lace-up Ankle Braces on Injury Rates in High School Football Players

PubMed Central

McGuine, Timothy A.; Hetzel, Scott; Wilson, John; Brooks, Alison

2013-01-01

Background Although a nkle injuries occur frequently in high school football players no prospective studies have been performed to determine if wearing lace-up ankle braces will reduce the incidence and severity of ankle and other lower extremity injuries in these athletes. Purpose Determine if lace-up ankle braces reduce the incidence and severity of lower extremity injuries sustained by high school football players. Design Cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods 2081 players from 50 high schools were randomly-assigned to braced or control group. Braced group subjects wore lace-up ankle braces during the 2010 football season. Athletic trainers recorded brace compliance, athletic exposures and injuries. Cox Proportional Hazards models were utilized to compare injury rates between groups. Injury severity (days lost) was tested with Wilcoxon Rank Sum. Results The rate of acute ankle injury (per 1,000 exposures) was 0.48 in the braced group compared to 1.12 in the control group (Cox Hazard Ratio (HR)=0.39, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.24, 0.65, p<0.001). The severity (median days lost) of acute ankle injuries was the same (5 days) in both groups (p=0.985). The rate of acute knee injury was 0.70 in the braced group compared to 0.69 in the control group, (HR=0.92 [0.57, 1.47], p=0.721). There was no difference (p=0.242) in the severity of knee injuries between the groups (controls 11.5 days, braced =17 days. The rate of other lower extremity injuries was 0.95 in the braced group and 1.32 in the control group, (HR=0.72 [0.48, 1.09], p=0.117) while the severity was similar in both groups (6 days versus 7 days, p=0.295). Conclusions Players who used lace-up ankle braces had a lower incidence of acute ankle injuries but no difference in the incidence of acute knee or other lower extremity injuries. Braces did not reduce the severity of ankle, knee or other lower extremity injuries. PMID:21926383

Post-operative bracing after pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures: A cost-effectiveness study.

PubMed

Piazza, Matthew; Sinha, Saurabh; Agarwal, Prateek; Mallela, Arka; Nayak, Nikhil; Schuster, James; Stein, Sherman

2017-11-01

While frequently prescribed to patients following fixation for spine trauma, the utility of spinal orthoses during the post-operative period is poorly described in the literature. In this study, we calculated rates of reoperation and performed a decision analysis to determine the utility of bracing following pedicle screw fixation for thoracic and lumbar burst fractures. Pubmed was searched for articles published between 2005 and 2015 for terms related to pedicle screw fixation of thoracolumbar fractures. Additionally, a database of neurosurgical patients operated on within the authors institution was also used in the analysis. Incidences of significant adverse events (wound revision for either dehiscence or infection or re-operation for non-union or instability due to hardware failure) were determined. Pooled means and variances of reported parameters were obtained using a random-effects, inverse variance meta-analytic model for observational data. Utilities for surgical outcome and complications were assigned using previously published values. Of the 225 abstracts reviewed, 48 articles were included in the study, yielding a total of 1957 patients. After including patients from the institutional registry, together a total of 2081 patients were included in the final analysis, 1328 of whom were braced. Non-braced patients were older then braced patients, although this only approached significance (p=0.051). Braced patients had significantly lower rates of re-operation for non-union or clinically significant hardware failure (1.3% vs. 1.8%, p<0.001) although the groups had comparable rates of operative wound dehiscence and infection (p=1.000). These two approaches yielded comparable utility scores (p=0.120). Costs between braced and non-braced patients were comparable excluding the cost of the brace (p=0.256); hence, the added cost of the brace suggests that bracing post-operatively is not a cost effective measure. Bracing following operative stabilization of thoracolumbar fracture does not significantly improve stability, nor does it increase wound complications. Moreover, our data suggests that post-operative bracing may not be a cost-effective measure. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Compressive orthotic bracing in the treatment of pectus carinatum: the use of radiographic markers to predict success.

PubMed

Stephenson, Jacob T; Du Bois, Jeffrey

2008-10-01

The treatment of pectus carinatum (PC) has classically been operative, though compressive orthotic braces have been used with good success in recent years. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the use of radiologic measurements in a successful bracing protocol. Sixty-three patients with PC have been evaluated for an 8-year span. The average age is 13.3 +/- 2.5. Follow-up is from 4 to 60 months, with a median of 24 months. Seventeen patients with mild defects elected observation alone. The remaining 46 patients began the bracing protocol. Baseline chest computed tomography (CT) was obtained, and custom-fitted orthotic braces were constructed for each patient. Radiographic markers were evaluated to include the Haller index, angle of sternal rotation, and asymmetry index. Patient surveys and chart review were used to identify compliance and success rates. Pretreatment CTs were retrospectively reviewed by bracing outcomes and radiographic measurements were compared. Ten patients received posttreatment CTs after successful bracing. Of 63 patients with PC, 17 patients (27%) with mild defects elected observation alone. The remaining 46 patients began the bracing protocol as described above. Of these, 10 are excluded from analysis, with 6 patients currently in the early treatment phase and 4 who have been lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 36 patients, 8 failed bracing because of noncompliance. Of the 28, 24 patients who completed treatment report either good or excellent results after bracing. Eight patients have required surgical intervention, 4 as a result of noncompliance and 4 who were compliant but failed bracing. In patients who were compliant, significant differences were seen on initial CT between those with successful outcomes and those who required surgical repair. Haller index (2.85 vs 2.05; P < .05), angle of sternal rotation (27.3 vs 14.8; P < .05), and asymmetry index (1.23 vs 1.06; P < .01) were all higher in the group who failed bracing. In those who successfully completed treatment, there was no significant difference in the Haller or asymmetry indices, but the average improvement in sternal rotation was 53.8%. Compressive orthotic bracing is a successful method of treatment of pectus carinatum. The associated sternal rotation can be significantly improved with appropriate bracing that results in a subjective improvement in the deformity. Asymmetry of chest diameter related to concomitant excavatum-type deformity is less likely to respond to bracing attempts. In this way, initial chest CT can be of value in treatment planning.

Review of Research and Application of Reinforced Concrete Structures Strengthened by Braces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gong, Jing; Zhu, Zezhong; Zeng, Cong

2017-06-01

Many of RC frame structures are urgently needed to be strengthened and maintained due to the increase of service life, the change of use function, and the impact of natural disasters. This paper reviews the research status of strengthening RC structures with braces; introduces the features and connection forms of joints connecting with braces; summarizes the engineering application of buckling-restrained braces, pointing out that buckling-restrained brace is an effective means to strengthen the RC frame structures with more reliable performance and broad application prospect.

New Help for the Handicapped

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

L & M Electronics, Inc.'s telemetry system is used to measure degree and location of abnormal muscle activity. This telemetry was originally used to monitor astronauts vital functions. Leg sensors send wireless signals to computer which develops pictures of gait patterns. System records, measures and analyzes muscle activities in limbs and spine. Computer developed pictures of gait patterns help physicians determine potential of corrective surgery, evaluate various types of braces, or decide whether physical therapy may improve motor functions.

Lateral ankle instability and revision surgery alternatives in the athlete.

PubMed

Schenck, Robert C; Coughlin, Michael J

2009-06-01

Ankle instability in the athlete is a common problem that is routinely treated non-operatively, with a 90% success rate. With proprioceptive training, preventive equipment (bracing/taping), and closed kinetic chain strengthening, surgery for ankle instability is uncommon. Nonetheless, some athletes present with recurrent ankle instability that, despite work-up and conservative treatment, requires surgical correction. The use of a primary ligament repair (Brostrom procedure) versus augmented (anatomic) reconstructions is discussed in detail in this article.

Effects of Ankle Braces Upon Agility Course Performance in High School Athletes

PubMed Central

Beriau, Mark R.; Cox, William B.; Manning, James

1994-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of wearing the AircastTM Sports Stirrup, AircastTM Training brace, Swede-OTM brace, and DonJoyTM Ankle Ligament Protector while running an agility course. Eighty-five high school athletes with no history of ankle injury and no experience in wearing any ankle support served as subjects. Each subject participated in four separate testing sessions. During sessions 1 and 4, subjects ran the agility course under the control (unbraced) conditions. Sessions 2 and 3 consisted of randomly wearing the ankle braces while running the agility course. A questionnaire concerning support, comfort, and restriction was completed by each subject after wearing each of the braces. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures revealed that a significant difference existed between the agility times. Tukey's post hoc test indicated that a significant difference existed between each ankle brace and the control 2 agility times as well as a control 1 and control 2 time difference. The control time difference was attributed to a learning effect. An ANOVA with repeated measures of only the four braces revealed that a significant difference existed between the agility times. Tukey's post hoc test showed the only difference was between the DonJoy Ankle Ligament Protector and the Aircast Training brace. We concluded: 1) there is limited practical performance effect upon agility while wearing an ankle brace; and 2) an athlete's perceived comfort, support, and performance restriction are contributing factors that may directly influence the effectiveness of ankle bracing. PMID:16558284

Bracing of the trunk and neck has a differential effect on head control during gait

PubMed Central

Russell, D. M.; Kelleran, K.; Walker, M. L.

2015-01-01

During gait, the trunk and neck are believed to play an important role in dissipating the transmission of forces from the ground to the head. This attenuation process is important to ensure head control is maintained. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of externally restricting the motion of the trunk and/or neck segments on acceleration patterns of the upper body and head and related trunk muscle activity. Twelve healthy adults performed three walking trials on a flat, straight 65-m walkway, under four different bracing conditions: 1) control-no brace; 2) neck-braced; 3) trunk-braced; and 4) neck-trunk braced. Three-dimensional acceleration from the head, neck (C7) and lower trunk (L3) were collected, as was muscle activity from trunk. Results revealed that, when the neck and/or trunk were singularly braced, an overall decrease in the ability of the trunk to attenuate gait-related oscillations was observed, which led to increases in the amplitude of vertical acceleration for all segments. However, when the trunk and neck were braced together, acceleration amplitude across all segments decreased in line with increased attenuation from the neck to the head. Bracing was also reflected by increased activity in erector spinae, decreased abdominal muscle activity and lower trunk muscle coactivation. Overall, it would appear that the neuromuscular system of young, healthy individuals was able to maintain a consistent pattern of head acceleration, irrespective of the level of bracing, and that priority was placed over the control of vertical head accelerations during these gait tasks. PMID:26180113

Braces

MedlinePlus

... straightens your teeth faster and easier. The rubber bands that go along with braces come in funky ... just need regular braces with wires and rubber bands doing their jobs to keep pressure on the ...

Gallium nitride microcavities formed by photoenhanced wet oxidation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peng, L.-H.; Lu, C.-Y.; Wu, W.-H.

We report the formation of gallium nitride (GaN) microcavities by manipulating a photoenhanced oxidation rate difference between the polar and nonpolar crystallographic planes of GaN. When immersed in a buffered acetic (CH{sub 3}COOH) electrolyte of pH{approx}6.2 at room temperature, it is shown that the photo-oxidation can proceed at a rate that is one order of magnitude slower on the nonpolar plane of {l_brace}1100{r_brace}{sub GaN} than on the polar plane of {l_brace}0001{r_brace}{sub GaN} due to the reduced surface field action. Gallium nitride microcavities bounded by optically smooth {l_brace}1100{r_brace} and {l_brace}1103{r_brace} facets can thus be preferentially formed on the c-plane sapphire substratemore » after dissolving the oxide layer. The optical properties of these GaN hexagonal cavities reveal characteristic peaks of whispering gallery modes in resonance with the GaN band edge emission spectrum. A typical cavity Q factor of 10{sup 3} is observed in these GaN microcavities due to a reduced optical scattering loss in the wet chemical reaction process.« less

The Effects of the Swede-O, New Cross, and McDavid Ankle Braces and Adhesive Ankle Taping on Speed, Balance, Agility, and Vertical Jump

PubMed Central

Paris, David L.

1992-01-01

Scores from motor performance tests were compared using subjects with taped and untaped ankles. Previous studies have shown that taped ankle support may be detrimental in vertical and standing broad jumping performance. Conflicting data have been published on the effects of commercial ankle braces on various motor tasks. The performances of 18 elite soccer players in selected tests of speed, balance, agility, and vertical jumping were compared under conditions of untaped, nonelastic adhesive taped, Swede-O-braced, New Cross-braced, and McDavid-braced ankles. Vertical jump performance was significantly reduced when subjects wore New Cross braces. There were no significant differences in tests of speed, balance, and agility among any of the support conditions. Until now, nonelastic adhesive tape has been the preferred method of prophylactic ankle support. I conclude that certain commercial ankle braces may be used as a support alternative during selected activities. ImagesFig 1. PMID:16558170

Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research: Phase II- Volume III-Truss Braced Wing Aeroelastic Test Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradley, Marty K.; Allen, Timothy J.; Droney, Christopher

2014-01-01

This Test Report summarizes the Truss Braced Wing (TBW) Aeroelastic Test (Task 3.1) work accomplished by the Boeing Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) team, which includes the time period of February 2012 through June 2014. The team consisted of Boeing Research and Technology, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Virginia Tech, and NextGen Aeronautics. The model was fabricated by NextGen Aeronautics and designed to meet dynamically scaled requirements from the sized full scale TBW FEM. The test of the dynamically scaled SUGAR TBW half model was broken up into open loop testing in December 2013 and closed loop testing from January 2014 to April 2014. Results showed the flutter mechanism to primarily be a coalescence of 2nd bending mode and 1st torsion mode around 10 Hz, as predicted by analysis. Results also showed significant change in flutter speed as angle of attack was varied. This nonlinear behavior can be explained by including preload and large displacement changes to the structural stiffness and mass matrices in the flutter analysis. Control laws derived from both test system ID and FEM19 state space models were successful in suppressing flutter. The control laws were robust and suppressed flutter for a variety of Mach, dynamic pressures, and angle of attacks investigated.

Bracing can reduce high degree curves and improve aesthetics immediately after the end of growth. Final results of a retrospective case series.

PubMed

Negrini, Stefano; Donzelli, Sabrina; Lusini, Monia; Zaina, Fabio

2012-01-01

Recently it has been shown that idiopathic scoliosis (IS) curves can be reduced with bracing, and it has been proposed that this could be useful in non-surgically treated high degree curves even after Risser 3. Moreover, bracing has been shown to be able to improve aesthetics, and this could be another reason to treat some patients with cosmetic needs. Our aim is to preliminary check if results can be obtained in IS patients after Risser 3. Design. Retrospective uncontrolled cohort study. Inclusion criteria. All IS patients treated on a voluntary basis for aesthetic reasons and/or for curve reduction; Risser 4-5 at start; end of treatment reached. Population. 34 females and 2 males, age 16.2±1.6 years, Cobb angle 27.6°±8.9°. Treatment. Lyon or SPoRT braces 18 to 24 hours/day, specific SEAS exercises, rapid weaning (2-3 hours every 6 months). Outcome criteria: SRS (unchanged; worsened over 6°; over 45° at the end of treatment; surgically treated), radiographic and clinical. Statistics. ANOVA and chi-test. The reported compliance during the 2.8 ± 1.1 treatment years was 95.1%, while residual growth was 0.9 ± 1.1 cm. Improvements were found in 39% of this cohort, (46% in curves over 30°). Only 1 patient progressed 6°. We found highly statistically significant reductions of maximal (-4.4°), thoracic (-6.0°) and thoracolumbar (-6.6°) curves. Statistically significant improvements were found for Aesthetic Index. Before 20 years of age, even in skeletally mature patients, it is possible to reach radiographic and aesthetic improvements, although not as good as during growth. Correction is based on bone growth, but ligaments and neuromuscular control of posture can also be involved.

[Influence of Ankle Braces on the Prevalence of Ankle Inversion Injuries in the Swiss Volleyball National League A].

PubMed

Jaggi, J; Kneubühler, S; Rogan, S

2016-06-01

Ankle inversion is a common injury among volleyball players. The injury rate during a game is 2.1 times higher than during training. As a result, the preventive use of ankle braces is frequently observed in Swiss volleyball leagues. Studies have shown that ankle braces have a preventive effect on the prevalence of ankle inversion. In Switzerland there has been no investigation into the preventive use of braces and their influence on prevalence. For this reason, the goals of this study are 1) to determine when, why and by whom ankle braces are worn and 2) to evaluate the injury rate of users and non-users of ankle braces. A modified questionnaire was sent to 18 men's and women's teams of the Swiss National League A. The questionnaire included questions about injury rates and the circumstances of ankle inversion injuries. The data were statistically analysed with Microsoft Excel 2012 and SPSS Version 20. The overall response rate was 61 %, allowing data from 181 players to be analysed. 33 % (59 of 181) of the players used an ankle brace. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of ankle inversion between users (12 injured) and non-users (8 injured) (p = 0.006). Wearing an ankle brace during training or during a game made no difference in the prevention of injuries (p = 0.356). More athletes were injured during training (n = 13) than during a game (n = 7). The results of the present study indicate that volleyball players preferably wear ankle braces to prevent injury. More than one third of the players in the study wore an ankle brace, 60 % for primary prevention and 40 % for secondary prevention due to a previous injury. The study shows that significantly more users than non-users of ankle braces were injured. This is contrary to literature. Furthermore it was shown that more injuries occur during training than during a game. This finding results from the fact that ankle braces were rarely worn during training. It is concluded that ankle braces must be worn consistently, especially during training. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Clinical Outcomes of a Pneumatic Unloader Brace for Kellgren-Lawrence Grades 3 to 4 Osteoarthritis: A Minimum 1-Year Follow-Up Study.

PubMed

Chughtai, Morad; Bhave, Anil; Khan, Sabahat Z; Khlopas, Anton; Ali, Osman; Harwin, Steven F; Mont, Michael A

2016-11-01

The use of a pneumatic unloader brace has been shown in pilot studies to decrease pain and increase muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, we analyzed patients who had knee OA, and either received a pneumatic unloader brace and conventional treatment or conventional treatment alone. Specifically, we assessed: (1) use of pain relieving injections; (2) opioid consumption; and (3) the eventual need for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the above-mentioned cohort. We performed an analysis of a longitudinally maintained database of patients from a prospective, randomized, single center study. This study randomized patients who had Kellgren-Lawrence grades 3 to 4 to receive either a pneumatic unloader brace and conventional treatment or conventional treatment alone. The brace cohort comprised 11 patients with a mean age of 55 years (range, 37-70 years). The final matched cohort comprised 25 patients with a mean age of 63 years (range, 41-86 years). The minimum follow-up was 1 year. There was a lower proportion of patients who underwent an eventual TKA in the bracing cohort as compared with the nonbracing cohort (18 vs. 36%). The mean time to TKA was longer in the bracing cohort as compared with the nonbracing cohort (482 vs. 389 days). The proportion of patients who used opioids was similar in both groups (27 vs. 22%). There was a significantly lower number of patients who received injections in the bracing cohort as compared with the nonbracing cohort (46 vs. 83%, p  = 0.026). The bracing cohort had received a significantly lower number of injections and a lower rate of subsequent TKA as compared with the nonbracing cohort. The mean time to TKA was also longer among the bracing cohort. These results may demonstrate the potential of this brace to reduce the need for and prolonging the time to TKA. Performing larger prospective randomized studies, with built-in compliance monitors is warranted. This brace may be a valuable adjunct to the current knee OA treatment armamentarium pending further investigation. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Bracing can partially limit tibial rotation during stressful activities after anterior crucial ligament reconstruction with a hamstring graft.

PubMed

Giotis, D; Paschos, N K; Zampeli, F; Pappas, E; Mitsionis, G; Georgoulis, A D

2016-09-01

Hamstring graft has substantial differences with BPTB graft regarding initial mechanical strength, healing sequence, and vascularization, which may imply that a different approach during rehabilitation period is required. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of knee bracing on tibial rotation in ACL-reconstructed patients with a hamstring autograft during high loading activities. The hypothesis was that there would be a decrease in tibial rotation in the ACL-reconstructed braced knee as compared to the unbraced knee. Twenty male patients having undergone unilateral ACL reconstruction with a semitendinosus/gracilis autograft were assessed. Kinematic data were collected with an eight-camera optoelectronic system during two stressful tasks: (1) descending from a stair and subsequent pivoting; and (2) landing from a platform and subsequent pivoting. In each patient, three different experimental conditions were evaluated: (A) wearing a prophylactic brace (braced condition); (B) wearing a patellofemoral brace (sleeved condition); (C) without brace (unbraced condition). The intact knee without brace served as a control. Tibial rotation was significantly lower in the intact knee compared to all three conditions of the ACL-reconstructed knee (P≤0.01 for both tasks). Presence of a brace or sleeve resulted in lower tibial rotation than in the unbraced condition (p=0.003 for descending/pivot and P=0.0004 for landing/pivot). The braced condition resulted in lower rotation than the sleeved condition for descending/pivoting (P=0.031) while no differences were found for landing/pivoting (P=0.230). Knee bracing limited the excessive tibial rotation during pivoting under high loading activities in ACL-reconstructed knees with a hamstring graft. This partial restoration of normal kinematics may have a potential beneficial effect in patients recovering from ACL reconstruction with a hamstring autograft. Level III, case-control therapeutic study. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A Genetic Test Predicts Providence Brace Success for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis When Failure Is Defined as Progression to >45 Degrees.

PubMed

Bohl, Daniel D; Telles, Connor J; Ruiz, Ferrin K; Badrinath, Raghav; DeLuca, Peter A; Grauer, Jonathan N

2016-04-01

Retrospective cohort. To determine whether a genetic test is associated with successful Providence bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Genetic factors have been defined that predict the risk of progression of AIS in a polygenic fashion. From these data, a commercially available genetic test, ScoliScore, was developed. It is now used in clinical practice for counseling and to guide clinical management. Bracing is a mainstay of treatment for AIS. Large efforts have been made recently to reduce potential confounding across studies of different braces; however, none of these have considered genetics as a potential confounder. In particular, ScoliScore has not been evaluated in a population undergoing bracing. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in which we identified a population of AIS patients who were initiated with Providence bracing and followed over time. Although these patients did not necessarily fit the commercial indications for ScoliScore, we contacted the patients and obtained a saliva sample from each for genetic analysis. We then tested whether ScoliScore correlated with the outcome of their bracing therapy. We were able to contact and invite 25 eligible subjects, of whom 16 (64.0%) returned samples for laboratory analysis. Patients were followed for an average of 2.3 years (range, 1.1-4 y) after initiation of the Providence brace. Eight patients (50.0%) progressed to >45 degrees, whereas the other 8 patients (50.0%) did not. The mean ScoliScore among those who progressed to >45 degrees was higher than that among those who did not (176 vs. 112, P=0.030). We demonstrate that a genetic test correlates with bracing outcome. It may be appropriate for future bracing studies to include analysis of genetic predisposition to limit potential confounding.

Pectus carinatum: the effects of orthotic bracing on pulmonary function and gradual compression on patient compliance.

PubMed

Ateş, Oğuz; Karakuş, Osman Z; Hakgüder, Gülce; Olguner, Mustafa; Akgür, Feza M

2013-09-01

The treatment of pectus carinatum (PC) deformity has been considered to be operative. Some authors have shown that postoperative pulmonary function is worsened. They have suggested that compromised chest wall expansion secondary to surgery leads to compromised pulmonary function. Several authors have advocated an orthotic brace for the treatment of PC. Pulmonary functions after orthotic brace treatment have not been investigated. Between April 2006 and October 2012, 61 patients presented with PC. Orthotic braces allowing gradual compression were prepared according to the anthropometric measurements of individual patients. The brace belt was tightened gradually. The brace was worn 6 h a day during the first week and the bracing time was prolonged for an additional hour per week till 16 h per day has been reached. Pre- and post-treatment echocardiography, pulmonary function tests and thorax computed tomography (CT) were obtained. The pectus severity index (Haller index) and the angle of sternal rotation were measured using CT. Satisfaction from bracing was evaluated by parents or patients at the end of the treatment. While the mean pretreatment Haller index was 1.96 ± 0.24, the mean post-treatment index was 2.26 ± 0.32. The angle of rotation was improved by 47.5%. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were correlated with the predicted values for age. There was no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-treatment values. No skin breakdown or bruising was encountered. The overall average satisfaction score was 3.92 ± 0.27. We conclude that pulmonary function tests are not affected after brace treatment and gradual progression of bracing increases the patient's compliance.

Scoliosis brace (image)

MedlinePlus

... on the back and ribs to push the spine in a straighter position. The brace usually fits snugly around the torso and can come in many styles. In a child who is still growing, bracing is usually recommended ...

The effect of ankle brace type on braking response time-A randomised study.

PubMed

Dammerer, Dietmar; Waidmann, Cornelia; Haid, Christian; Thaler, Martin; Krismer, Martin; Liebensteiner, Michael C

2015-11-01

The question whether or not a patient with an ankle brace should drive a car is of obvious importance because brake response time (BRT) is considered one of the most important factors for driving safety. Applying a crossover study design, 70 healthy participants (35 women, 35 men) participated in our study. BRT was assessed using a custom-made driving simulator. We assessed BRT under six conditions: without a brace (control) (1), with a typical postoperative ankle brace with adjustable ROM and the settings: unrestricted (2), fixed at 15° (3) plantar flexion, restricted with 15°/50° (4) (dorsal/plantar flexion), a brace for ligament instabilities (5) and an elastic ankle bandage (6). Participants were instructed to apply the brake pedal exclusively with the right foot as quickly as possible on receipt of a visual stimulus. The 70 participants showed significantly impaired BRT with the ankle brace for ROM restriction in the settings: unrestricted (p<0.001), fixed at 15° plantar flexion (p<0.001) and 15°/50° dorsal/plantar flexion (p<0.001) as compared to the control group. BRT was not impaired with the brace for ankle instabilities or the elastic ankle bandage. In conclusion, right-sided ROM restricting ankle braces involve significant impairment of BRT in healthy participants. No such prolonged BRT was found for an elastic ankle bandage or the ligament brace. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence of patellofemoral bracing on pain, knee extensor torque, and gait function in females with patellofemoral pain.

PubMed

Powers, Christopher M; Doubleday, Kathryn L; Escudero, Carina

2008-01-01

Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of a patellofemoral brace on pain response, knee extensor torque production, and gait function in females with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Sixteen females between the ages of 14 and 46 with diagnosis of PFP participated. Knee extensor torque was measured by using a LIDO isokinetic dynamometer. Pain levels were documented by using the Visual Analog Pain Scale. Stride characteristics during the conditions of free walk, fast walk, ascend stairs, descend stairs, ascend ramp, and descend ramp were obtained with a stride analyzer unit. EMG activity of the vasti musculature was recorded by using indwelling, bipolar, wire electrodes. Knee joint motion was assessed by using a VICON motion analysis system. All testing was performed with and without the Bauerfeind Genutrain P3 patellofemoral brace. There were no significant differences in torque production, pain levels, and stride characteristics between braced and non-braced trials. In addition, there were no significant differences in mean vasti EMG between braced and non-braced trials. When averaged across all conditions, a small but statistically significant increase in knee flexion was found during the braced trials. Although the current study did not find significant improvements in the clinical measures evaluated, 8 of the 16 subjects did experience a decrease in knee pain. This finding suggests that certain patients with PFP may respond favorably to bracing, and criteria must be established to determine which patients would best benefit from such an intervention.

The effects of a supportive knee brace on leg performance in healthy subjects.

PubMed

Veldhuizen, J W; Koene, F M; Oostvogel, H J; von Thiel, T P; Verstappen, F T

1991-12-01

Eight healthy volunteers were fitted with a supportive knee brace (Push Brace 'Heavy') to one knee for a duration of four weeks wherein they were tested before, during and after the application to establish the effect of bracing on performance. The tests consisted of isokinetic strength measurement of knee flexion and extension, 60 meter dash, vertical jump height and a progressive horizontal treadmill test until exhaustion (Vmax) with determination of oxygen uptake, heart rate and plasma lactate concentration. Wearing the brace for one day, the performance indicators showed a decline compared with the test before application (base values). Sprint time was 4% longer (p less than 0.01) and Vmax 6% slower (p less than 0.01). Peak torque of knee flexion at 60 and 240 deg.sec-1 was 6% (p less than 0.05) respectively 9% (p less than 0.05) less. Peak extension torque at 60 deg.sec-1 was 9% less (p less than 0.05). While wearing the brace for four weeks, the test performances were practically identical to their base values. After removal of the brace, all test parameters were statistically similar to the base values. Heart rate at submaximal exercise levels was even lower (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, performance in sports with test-like exercise patterns is not affected by the brace tested. Bracing does not "weaken the knee" as it is widely believed in sports practice.

Clinical study on the unloading effect of hip bracing on gait in patients with hip osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Nérot, Agathe; Nicholls, Micah

2017-04-01

Internal hip abduction moment is a major indicator for hip loading. A new hip bracing concept was designed to unload the cartilaginous area in hip osteoarthritis via an abduction and external rotation force intended to alter the weight bearing area and reduce compression through the joint. To assess the effect of a novel brace on hip rotation in the transverse and coronal planes and on the hip abduction moment. Repeated measures. Gait analysis was performed on 14 subjects with unilateral symptomatic hip osteoarthritis. Pain, joint motion, moments and vertical ground reaction force were compared between the braced and the unbraced (control), randomly assigned, conditions. Nine participants felt an immediate reduction in pain while walking with the hip brace. Peak hip abduction moment significantly decreased on the osteoarthritis side ( p = 0.017). Peak hip adduction ( p = 0.004) and internal rotation ( p = 0.0007) angles significantly decreased at stance with the brace. Wearing the brace would appear to reduce the compressive joint reaction force at the femuroacetabular interface as indicated by a reduction in internal hip abduction moment along with immediate pain reduction in nine participants. Further long-term studies are warranted. Clinical relevance The brace rotates the hip in the transverse and coronal planes, possibly resulting in a decrease in load through the diseased area of cartilage. In some patients, an immediate decrease in pain was experienced. The brace offers an alternative solution for hip osteoarthritis patients not ready for a hip replacement.

Stability of interceptive/corrective orthodontic treatment for tooth ankylosis and Class II mandibular deficiency: A case report with 10 years follow-up.

PubMed

Guimarães, Carlos Henrique; Henriques, José Fernando Castanha; Janson, Guilherme; Moura, Wilana S

2015-01-01

The purpose of this article is to present the treatment of a 8-year-old boy with tooth ankylosis in teeth 85 and Class II division 1 malocclusion and to report a 10-year follow-up result. The patient was initially treated with a sagittal removable appliance, followed by an eruption guidance appliance and braces. The interceptive orthodontic treatment performed to recover the space lost by ankylosis of a deciduous tooth allowed a spontaneous eruption and prevented progression of the problem. The use of an eruption-guidance appliance corrected the dentoskeletal Class II, thus improving the patient's appearance. Besides the treatment producing a good occlusal relationship with the Class I molar, the correction of the overjet and overbite was stable over a ten-year period.

Prophylactic Bracing Has No Effect on Lower Extremity Alignment or Functional Performance.

PubMed

Hueber, Garrett A; Hall, Emily A; Sage, Brad W; Docherty, Carrie L

2017-07-01

Prophylactic ankle bracing is commonly used during physical activity. Understanding how bracing affects body mechanics is critically important when discussing both injury prevention and sport performance. The purpose is to determine if ankle bracing affects lower extremity mechanics during the Landing Error Scoring System test (LESS) and Sage Sway Index (SSI). Thirty physically active participants volunteered for this study. Participants completed the LESS and SSI in both a braced and unsupported conditions. Total errors were recorded for the LESS. Total errors and time (seconds) were recorded for the SSI. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was utilized to evaluate any differences between the brace conditions for each dependent variable. A priori alpha level was set at p<0.05. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test yielded no significant difference between the braced and unsupported conditions for the LESS (Z=-0.35, p=0.72), SSI time (Z=-0.36, p=0.72), or SSI Errors (Z=-0.37, p=0.71). Ankle braces had no effect on subjective clinical assessments of lower extremity alignment or postural stability. Utilization of a prophylactic support at the ankle did not substantially alter the proximal components of the lower kinetic chain. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Aeroelastic Analysis of SUGAR Truss-Braced Wing Wind-Tunnel Model Using FUN3D and a Nonlinear Structural Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartels, Robert E.; Scott, Robert C.; Allen, Timothy J.; Sexton, Bradley W.

2015-01-01

Considerable attention has been given in recent years to the design of highly flexible aircraft. The results of numerous studies demonstrate the significant performance benefits of strut-braced wing (SBW) and trussbraced wing (TBW) configurations. Critical aspects of the TBW configuration are its larger aspect ratio, wing span and thinner wings. These aspects increase the importance of considering fluid/structure and control system coupling. This paper presents high-fidelity Navier-Stokes simulations of the dynamic response of the flexible Boeing Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) truss-braced wing wind-tunnel model. The latest version of the SUGAR TBW finite element model (FEM), v.20, is used in the present simulations. Limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) of the TBW wing/strut/nacelle are simulated at angle-of-attack (AoA) values of -1, 0 and +1 degree. The modal data derived from nonlinear static aeroelastic MSC.Nastran solutions are used at AoAs of -1 and +1 degrees. The LCO amplitude is observed to be dependent on AoA. LCO amplitudes at -1 degree are larger than those at +1 degree. The LCO amplitude at zero degrees is larger than either -1 or +1 degrees. These results correlate well with both wind-tunnel data and the behavior observed in previous studies using linear aerodynamics. The LCO onset at zero degrees AoA has also been computed using unloaded v.20 FEM modes. While the v.20 model increases the dynamic pressure at which LCO onset is observed, it is found that the LCO onset at and above Mach 0.82 is much different than that produced by an earlier version of the FEM, v. 19.

Male-female differences in Scoliosis Research Society-30 scores in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Roberts, David W; Savage, Jason W; Schwartz, Daniel G; Carreon, Leah Y; Sucato, Daniel J; Sanders, James O; Richards, Benjamin Stephens; Lenke, Lawrence G; Emans, John B; Parent, Stefan; Sarwark, John F

2011-01-01

Longitudinal cohort study. To compare functional outcomes between male and female patients before and after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). There is no clear consensus in the existing literature with respect to sex differences in functional outcomes in the surgical treatment of AIS. A prospective, consecutive, multicenter database of patients who underwent surgical correction for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was analyzed retrospectively. All patients completed Scoliosis Research Society-30 (SRS-30) questionnaires before and 2 years after surgery. Patients with previous spine surgery were excluded. Data were collected for sex, age, Risser grade, previous bracing history, maximum preoperative Cobb angle, curve correction at 2 years, and SRS-30 domain scores. Paired sample t tests were used to compare preoperative and postoperative scores within each sex. Independent sample t tests were used to compare scores between sexes. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Seven hundred forty-four patients (621 females and 123 males) were included. On average, males were 1 year older than females. There were no differences between sexes in Risser grade, bracing history, maximum curve magnitude, or correction after surgery. Both males and females had similar improvement in all SRS-30 domains after surgery. Self-image/appearance had the greatest relative improvement. Males had better self-image/appearance scores preoperatively, better pain scores at 2 years, and better mental health and total scores both preoperatively and at 2 years. Both males and females were similarly satisfied with surgery. Males treated with surgery for AIS report better preoperative self-image, less postoperative pain, and better mental health than females. These differences may be clinically significant. For both males and females, the most beneficial effect of surgery is improved self-image/appearance. Overall, the benefits of surgery for AIS are similar for both sexes.

Cognitive strategies and self-esteem as predictors of brace-wear noncompliance in patients with idiopathic scoliosis and kyphosis.

PubMed

Lindeman, M; Behm, K

1999-01-01

Psychological determinants of brace-wear compliance were analyzed among 113 patients who used a brace because of an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (92%), kyphosis (5%), or both (3%). The results showed that noncompliant girls did not expect to succeed in dealing with scoliosis and that they were anxious about the possibility of failure. They also had low self-esteem and did not seek social support from other people. Noncompliant boys, in contrast, had high self-esteem and high achievement success expectation. Among patients with a short time of brace use, low compliance was best predicted by low amount of reflective thinking and a good body-image. In turn, among patients who had used the brace for >6 months, low compliance was best predicted by high amount of reflective thinking, poor body-image, low social success expectation, and low master orientation in social behavior. Only sleeping problems predicted compliance across gender and the time of brace use: the more the patients experienced sleeping problems, the less they used the brace.

An innovative seismic bracing system based on a superelastic shape memory alloy ring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Nan; Jeon, Jong-Su; Hodgson, Darel E.; DesRoches, Reginald

2016-05-01

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have great potential in seismic applications because of their remarkable superelasticity. Seismic bracing systems based on SMAs can mitigate the damage caused by earthquakes. The current study investigates a bracing system based on an SMA ring which is capable of both re-centering and energy dissipation. This lateral force resisting system is a cross-braced system consisting of an SMA ring and four tension-only cable assemblies, which can be applied to both new construction and seismic retrofit. The performance of this bracing system is examined through a quasi-static cyclic loading test and finite element (FE) analysis. This paper describes the experimental design in detail, discusses the experimental results, compares the performance with other bracing systems based on SMAs, and presents an Abaqus FE model calibrated on the basis of experimental results to simulate the superelastic behavior of the SMA ring. The experimental results indicate that the seismic performance of this system is promising in terms of damping and re-centering. The FE model can be used in the simulation of building structures using the proposed bracing system.

The influence of hip abductor muscle performance on dynamic postural stability in females with patellofemoral pain.

PubMed

Lee, Szu-Ping; Souza, Richard B; Powers, Christopher M

2012-07-01

Hip abductors play an important role in maintaining trunk and pelvis stability during unipedal tasks. The purpose of the study was to compare postural stability between individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and pain-free controls. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the effect of a hip stabilizing brace on postural stability. Twenty females with PFP (27.3±6.3 years) and 19 controls (26.1±4.5 years) participated. Each subject performed a unipedal step-down balance task with the stance leg on a force platform from which center of pressure (COP) excursion was recorded. Quantitative COP excursion patterns (mean and peak displacements) were used as measures of postural stability. For subjects with PFP, postural stability also was quantified following the application of a hip stabilizing brace. Hip abductor strength was significantly lower in PFP group compared to the control group (1.39±0.4 vs. 1.62±0.26 N/kg-BW, p=0.046). Peak and mean medial-lateral COP displacements during the balance task were greater in the PFP group (39.8±6.7 vs. 24.3±3.8 mm, p<0.001; 24.7±16.3 vs. 13.5±4.4 mm, p=0.005). Application of the hip stabilizing brace reduced the peak and mean COP displacement (39.8±6.7 vs. 24.7±4.7 mm, p<0.001; 24.7±16.3 vs. 16.8±15.1 mm, p=0.02). Our results demonstrate that females with PFP exhibit impaired medial-lateral postural stability when compared to control subjects. Application of a hip stabilizing brace significantly improved stability to a level comparable to the controls. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

AB INITIO STUDY OF GRAIN BOUNDARY PROPERTIES OF TUNGSTEN ALLOYS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Setyawan, Wahyu; Kurtz, Richard J.

2012-04-17

Density functional theory was employed to investigate the grain boundary (GB) property of W-TM alloys (TM: fifth and sixth row transition metals). GB strengthening was found for Hf, Ta, Nb, Ru, Re, Os and Ir for 27{l_brace}525{r_brace} and to a lesser degree for 11{l_brace}323{r_brace}. Lower valence solutes strengthen the GB at certain substitutional sites, while higher valence elements enforce it at other positions. For 3{l_brace}112{r_brace}, the alloys exhibit reduced cleavage energies. Hence, allowing with TMs increases the GB cohesion more effectively for large-angle GBs whose cleavage energy is, in general, inherently lower than the low-angle ones. Electron density analysis elucidatesmore » the mechanism of charge addition or depletion of the GB bonding region upon TM substitution at various positions leading to stronger or weaker intergranular cohesion, respectively.« less

An experimental investigation on the ultimate strength of epoxy repaired braced partial infilled RC frames

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubey, Shailendra Kumar Damodar; Kute, Sunil

2014-09-01

Due to earthquake, buildings are damaged partially or completely. Particularly structures with soft storey are mostly affected. In general, such damaged structures are repaired and reused. In this regard, an experimental investigation was planned and conducted on models of single-bay, single-storey of partial concrete infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames up to collapse with corner, central and diagonal steel bracings. Such collapsed frames were repaired with epoxy resin and retested. The initiative was to identify the behaviour, extent of restored ultimate strength and deflection of epoxy-retrofitted frames in comparison to the braced RC frames. The performance of such frames has been considered only for lateral loads. In comparison to bare RC frames, epoxy repaired partial infilled frames have significant increase in the lateral load capacity. Central bracing is more effective than corner and diagonal bracing. For the same load, epoxy repaired frames have comparable deflection than similar braced frames.

A piezoelectric brace for passive suppression of structural vibration and energy harvesting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Chuang-Sheng Walter; Lai, Yong-An; Kim, Jin-Yeon

2017-08-01

Power outage after an earthquake would cause an additional chaos to the existing aftermath, greatly aggravating the situation if the outage lasts for an extended period. This research aims at developing an innovative piezoelectric brace, which provides both passive energy-dissipating and energy-harvesting capabilities—a passive suppression of structural vibrations and conversion of vibration energy into reusable electricity. The piezoelectric brace has compression modules that exert compressive loads on the piezoelectric material regardless if the brace is in compression or in tension. The compression module consists of a piezoelectric stack and rubber pads. The rubber pads are used to limit the maximum strain in the piezoelectric material below the allowable operational strain. The electro-mechanical equations of motion are derived for a 1-story and a 3-story frame model with the piezoelectric braces. To evaluate the structural behavior and the energy harvesting performance, numerical simulations are executed for the two model buildings (in downtown Los Angeles) that are equipped with the piezoelectric braces. The effects of design parameters including the geometry of the piezoelectric stack and rubber pads and the electric resistance in the electro-mechanical conversion circuit on the performance are investigated. The numerical results indicate that the piezoelectric braces passively dissipate energy through inclined oval-shaped hysteretic loops. The harvested energy is up to approximately 40% of the input energy. The structural displacements are significantly reduced, as compared to the original frames without the piezoelectric braces. Finally, a design procedure for a frame with the proposed passive piezoelectric braces is also presented.

Chord Splicing & Joining Detail; Chord & CrossBracing Joint Details; ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Chord Splicing & Joining Detail; Chord & Cross-Bracing Joint Details; Cross Bracing Center Joint Detail; Chord & Diagonal Joint Detail - Vermont Covered Bridge, Highland Park, spanning Kokomo Creek at West end of Deffenbaugh Street (moved to), Kokomo, Howard County, IN

Effects of a Knee Brace With a Patellar Hole Versus Without a Patellar Hole in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Added, Marco Aurélio Nemitalla; Added, Caroline; Kasawara, Karina Tamy; Rotta, Viviane Perez; de Freitas, Diego Galace

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to observe the immediate effect of a knee brace with a patellar hole versus without a patellar hole on pain perception in patients with knee osteoarthritis. To accomplish this, a double-blind, randomized controlled trial enrolled 108 patients divided into two groups (knee brace with a patellar hole or without a patellar hole). Patients were evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in order to measure their pain sensation, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used to evaluate their ability to walk, and the 8-m walking test (8MWT) was used to estimate their walking speed. Both groups presented significant reduction in pain perception, higher function of the lower extremities, and greater mobility while wearing a knee brace. However, the patients who wore a knee brace without a patellar hole presented more favorable results than those who wore a knee brace with a patellar hole: a 1.6-point reduction was found versus 1.1 points in the VAS, the patients presented 0.7 s less time versus 0.4 s in the TUG, and the speed was reduced by 1.4 s versus 0.8 s in the 8MWT. Therefore, the knee brace without a patellar hole presented more favorable results when compared with the knee brace with a patellar hole.

Brace treatment is effective in idiopathic scoliosis over 45°: an observational prospective cohort controlled study.

PubMed

Lusini, Monia; Donzelli, Sabrina; Minnella, Salvatore; Zaina, Fabio; Negrini, Stefano

2014-09-01

Recently, positive results in bracing patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) above 45° who refused surgery have been presented in a retrospective study. Obviously, this can give only an efficacy (EA) analysis, as there is neither a control group, nor it is possible to know failures because of dropouts. To present the prospective results of bracing patients affected by IS above 45° and still growing. Prospective study including all IS patients with 45° or more, Risser stage 0 to 4, who had their first evaluation in our institute, an outpatient clinic specialized in scoliosis evaluation and conservative treatment, from March 1, 2003 to December 21, 2010 and utterly denied any surgical intervention. Of 59 patients, we excluded 2 patients still in treatment and 57 (11 males) patients were included. At the beginning of the study, they were 15 years 3±22 months of age, had 52.5° Cobb (range, 45°-93°), and Risser 2 (0-4). Thirty-nine accepted a full-time brace treatment (BG) to try avoiding surgery, 18 refused any treatment and served as controls (CG). Physiological measures: radiographic and clinical data. Treatment: A year of full-time Sforzesco brace (23 hours/day) or Risser cast (8-12 months) and gradual weaning after Risser 3; all patients performed exercises; and International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation TREATMENT management criteria were respected. Analyses: EA in patients who completed treatment/observation (34 in BG and 10 in CG) and intent-to-treat (ITT) with worst case analysis in the whole population. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) have been computed. Efficacy: failures were 23.5% in BG and 100% in CG. Intent-to-treat: failures were 20.5% in BG and 55.6% in CG. Relative risks of failure in CG were 4.3 (95% CI, 3.6-4.9) in EA and 2.7 (95% CI, 2.0-3.5) in ITT (p<.05). Percentage of patients (53.8%) improved: RRs of improvement in BG were 1.6 (95% CI, 1.46-1.9) in EA and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.6-2.2) in ITT (p<.05). Patients who joined the treatment achieved a 10.4°±10.7° Cobb improvement, an ATR reduction of 4.2°±4.3°, and an esthetic improvement of 2.8±1.9 of 12 points (TRACE). At the end, in BG, 24 patients were below 45° and 6 patients below 35°. Through this study we can conclude that the conservative brace plus exercises treatment (if correctly performed and managed) is a suitable alternative for those patients who reject any surgical intervention for IS above 45°. But we could also conclude that a good brace treatment should be considered as the first choice to try avoiding fusion because of the high sanitary and social costs of surgery. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Determination of brace forces caused by construction loads and wind loads during bridge construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-04-01

The first objective of this study was to develop procedures for determining bracing forces during bridge construction. : Numerical finite element models and analysis techniques were developed for evaluating brace forces induced by construction loads ...

Scapular Bracing and Alteration of Posture and Muscle Activity in Overhead Athletes With Poor Posture

PubMed Central

Cole, Ashley K; McGrath, Melanie L; Harrington, Shana E; Padua, Darin A; Rucinski, Terri J; Prentice, William E

2013-01-01

Context Overhead athletes commonly have poor posture. Commercial braces are used to improve posture and function, but few researchers have examined the effects of shoulder or scapular bracing on posture and scapular muscle activity. Objective To examine whether a scapular stabilization brace acutely alters posture and scapular muscle activity in healthy overhead athletes with forward-head, rounded-shoulder posture (FHRSP). Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting Applied biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Thirty-eight healthy overhead athletes with FHRSP. Intervention(s) Participants were assigned randomly to 2 groups: compression shirt with no strap tension (S) and compression shirt with the straps fully tensioned (S + T). Posture was measured using lateral-view photography with retroreflective markers. Electromyography (EMG) of the upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA) in the dominant upper extremity was measured during 4 exercises (scapular punches, W's, Y's, T's) and 2 glenohumeral motions (forward flexion, shoulder extension). Posture and exercise EMG measurements were taken with and without the brace applied. Main Outcome Measure(s) Head and shoulder angles were measured from lateral-view digital photographs. Normalized surface EMG was used to assess mean muscle activation of the UT, MT, LT, and SA. Results Application of the brace decreased forward shoulder angle in the S + T condition. Brace application also caused a small increase in LT EMG during forward flexion and Y's and a small decrease in UT and MT EMG during shoulder extension. Brace application in the S + T group decreased UT EMG during W's, whereas UT EMG increased during W's in the S group. Conclusions Application of the scapular brace improved shoulder posture and scapular muscle activity, but EMG changes were highly variable. Use of a scapular brace might improve shoulder posture and muscle activity in overhead athletes with poor posture. PMID:23672321

Efficacy, safety, and economics of bracing after spine surgery: a systematic review of the literature.

PubMed

Zhu, Mary P; Tetreault, Lindsay A; Sorefan-Mangou, Fatimah; Garwood, Philip; Wilson, Jefferson R

2018-01-31

Bracing is often used after spinal surgery to immobilize the spine, improve fusion, and relieve pain. However, controversy exists regarding the efficacy, necessity, and safety of various bracing techniques in the postsurgical setting. In this systematic review, we aimed to compare the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of postoperative bracing versus no postoperative bracing after spinal surgery in patients with several common operative spinal pathologies. A systematic review was carried out to compare postoperative bracing and no postoperative bracing. A systematic search was conducted of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Collaboration Library from 1970 to May 2017, supplemented by manual searching of the reference list of relevant studies and previously published reviews. Studies were included if they compared disability, quality of life, functional impairment, radiographic outcomes, cost-effectiveness, or complications between patients treated with postoperative bracing and patients not receiving any postoperative bracing. Each article was critically appraised independently by two reviewers, and the overall body of evidence was rated using guidelines outlined by the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group. Of the 858 retrieved citations, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review, consisting of 4 randomized controlled trials and 1 prospective cohort study. Low to moderate evidence suggests that there are no significant differences in most measures of disability, pain, quality of life, functional impairment, radiographic outcomes, and safety between groups. Isolated studies reported statistically significant and inconsistent differences between groups with respect to Neck Disability Index at 6 weeks postoperatively or Short Form-36 Physical Component Score at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Based on limited evidence, postoperative bracing does not result in improved outcomes after spinal surgery. Future high-quality randomized trials will be required to confirm these findings. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A functional comparison of conventional knee-ankle-foot orthoses and a microprocessor-controlled leg orthosis system based on biomechanical parameters.

PubMed

Schmalz, Thomas; Pröbsting, Eva; Auberger, Roland; Siewert, Gordon

2016-04-01

The microprocessor-controlled leg orthosis C-Brace enables patients with paretic or paralysed lower limb muscles to use dampened knee flexion under weight-bearing and speed-adapted control of the swing phase. The objective of the present study was to investigate the new technical functions of the C-Brace orthosis, based on biomechanical parameters. The study enrolled six patients. The C-Brace orthosis is compared with conventional leg orthoses (four stance control orthoses, two locked knee-ankle-foot orthoses) using biomechanical parameters of level walking, descending ramps and descending stairs. Ground reaction forces, joint moments and kinematic parameters were measured for level walking as well as ascending and descending ramps and stairs. With the C-Brace, a nearly natural stance phase knee flexion was measured during level walking (mean value 11° ± 5.6°). The maximum swing phase knee flexion angle of the C-Brace approached the normal value of 65° more closely than the stance control orthoses (66° ± 8.5° vs 74° ± 6.4°). No significant differences in the joint moments were found between the C-Brace and stance control orthosis conditions. In contrast to the conventional orthoses, all patients were able to ambulate ramps and stairs using a step-over-step technique with C-Brace (flexion angle 64.6° ± 8.2° and 70.5° ± 12.4°). The results show that the functions of the C-Brace for situation-dependent knee flexion under weight bearing have been used by patients with a high level of confidence. The functional benefits of the C-Brace in comparison with the conventional orthotic mechanisms could be demonstrated most clearly for descending ramps and stairs. The C-Brace orthosis is able to combine improved orthotic function with sustained orthotic safety. © The International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics 2014.

'Fast cast' and 'needle Tenotomy' protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh.

PubMed

Evans, Angela; Chowdhury, Mamun; Rana, Sohel; Rahman, Shariar; Mahboob, Abu Hena

2017-01-01

The management of congenital talipes equino varus ( clubfoot deformity ) has been transformed in the last 20 years as surgical correction has been replaced by the non-surgical Ponseti method. The Ponseti method, consists of corrective serial casting followed by maintenance bracing, and has been repeatedly demonstrated to give best results - regarded as the 'gold standard' treatment for paediatric clubfoot. To develop the study protocol Level 2 evidence was used to modify the corrective casting phase of the Ponseti method in children aged up to 12 months. Using Level 4 evidence, the percutaneous Achilles tenotomy (PAT) was performed using a 19-gauge needle instead of a scalpel blade, a technique found to reduce bleeding and scarring. A total of 123 children participated in this study; 88 male, 35 female. Both feet were affected in 67 cases, left only in 22 cases, right only in 34 cases. Typical clubfeet were found in 112/123 cases, six atypical, five syndromic. The average age at first cast was 51 days (13-240 days).The average number of casts applied was five (2-10 casts). The average number of days between the first cast and brace was 37.8 days (10-122 days), including 21 days in a post-PAT cast. Hence, average time of corrective casts was 17 days.Parents preferred the reduced casting time, and were less concerned about unseen skin wounds.PAT was performed in 103/123 cases, using the needle technique. All post tenotomy casts were in situ for three weeks. Minor complications occurred in seven cases - four cases had skin lesions, three cases disrupted casting phase. At another site, 452 PAT were performed using the needle technique. The 'fast cast' protocol Ponseti casting was successfully used in infants aged less than 8 months. Extended manual manipulation of two minutes was the essential modification. Parents preferred the faster treatment phase, and ability to closer observe the foot and skin. The treating physiotherapists preferred the 'fast cast' protocol, achieving better correction with less complication. The needle technique for PAT is a further improvement for the Ponseti method.

Seismic Response of Steel Braced Building Frame Considering Soil Structure Interaction (SSI): An Experimental Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirave, Vivek; Kalyanshetti, Mahesh

2018-02-01

Conventional fixed-base analysis ignoring the effect of soil-flexibility may result in unsafe design. Therefore, to evaluate the realistic behavior of structure the soil structure interaction (SSI) effect shall be incorporated in the analysis. In seismic analysis, provision of bracing system is one of the important option for the structure to have sufficient strength with adequate stiffness to resist lateral forces. The different configuration of these bracing systems alters the response of buildings, and therefore, it is important to evaluate the most effective bracing systems in view point of stability against SSI effect. In present study, three RC building frames, G+3, G+5 and G+7 and their respective scaled down steel model with two types of steel bracing system incorporating the effect of soil flexibility is considered for experimental and analytical study. The analytical study is carried out using Elastic continuum approach and the experimental study is carried out using Shake Table. The influence of SSI on various seismic parameters is presented. The study reveals that, steel bracing system is beneficial to control SSI effect and it is observed that V bracing is more effective, in resisting seismic load considering SSI.

Deployable M-braced truss structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikulas, M. M., Jr. (Inventor); Rhodes, M. D. (Inventor)

1986-01-01

A deployable M-braced truss structure, efficiently packaged into a compact stowed position and expandable to an operative position at the use site is described. The M-braced configuration effectively separates tension compression and shear in the structure and permits efficient structural design. Both diagonals and longerons telescope from an M-braced base unit and deploy either pneumatically, mechanically by springs or cables, or by powered reciprocating mechanisms. Upon full deployment, the diagonals and longerons lock into place with a simple latch mechanism.

A new conservative-dynamic treatment for the acute ruptured Achilles tendon.

PubMed

Neumayer, Felix; Mouhsine, Elyazid; Arlettaz, Yvan; Gremion, Gérald; Wettstein, Michael; Crevoisier, Xavier

2010-03-01

There is a trend towards surgical treatment of acute ruptured Achilles tendon. While classical open surgical procedures have been shown to restore good functional capacity, they are potentially associated with significant complications like wound infection and paresthesia. Modern mini-invasive surgical techniques significantly reduce these complications and are also associated with good functional results so that they can be considered as the surgical treatment of choice. Nevertheless, there is still a need for conservative alternative and recent studies report good results with conservative treatment in rigid casts or braces. We report the use of a dynamic ankle brace in the conservative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture in a prospective non-randomised study of 57 consecutive patients. Patients were evaluated at an average follow-up time of 5 years using the modified Leppilahti Ankle Score, and the first 30 patients additionally underwent a clinical examination and muscular testing with a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer at 6 and 12 months. We found good and excellent results in most cases. We observed five complete re-ruptures, almost exclusively in case of poor patient's compliance, two partial re-ruptures and one deep venous thrombosis complicated by pulmonary embolism. Although prospective comparison with other modern treatment options is still required, the functional outcome after early ankle mobilisation in a dynamic cast is good enough to ethically propose this method as an alternative to surgical treatment.

Knee Brace Would Lock And Unlock Automatically

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, Neill; Forbes, John; Shadoan, Mike; Baker, Kevin

1995-01-01

Proposed knee brace designed to aid rehabilitation of person who suffered some muscle damage in leg. Not limited to locking in straight-leg position and, instead, locks at any bend angle. Does not prevent knee from bearing weight. Instead, knee brace allows knee to bear weight and locks only when foot and lower leg bear weight. Thus, brace prevents flexion that wearer desired to prevent but could not prevent because of weakened muscles. Knee bends freely to exercise knee-related muscles. Knee brace strapped at upper end to leg above knee, and anchored at lower end by stirrup under foot. Joint mechanism (identical mechanisms used in left and right assemblies) allows knee joint to flex freely except when weight applied to heel.

Seismic rehabilitation of skewed and curved bridges using a new generation of buckling restrained braces : research brief.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

Damage to skewed and curved bridges during strong earthquakes is documented. This project investigates whether such damage could be mitigated by using buckling restrained braces. Nonlinear models show that using buckling restrained braces to mitigate...

A Review of Influence of Various Types of Structural Bracing to the Structural Performance of Buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Razak, S. M.; Kong, T. C.; Zainol, N. Z.; Adnan, A.; Azimi, M.

2018-03-01

Excessive lateral drift can contribute significantly towards crack formation, leading to structural damage. The structural damage will in turn reduce the capacity of the structure and weaken it from the intended design capacity. Generally, lateral drift is more pronounced in higher and longer structure, such as high rise buildings and bridges. A typical method employed to control lateral drift is structural bracing, which works by increasing stiffness and stability of structure. This paper reviews the influence of various types of structural bracing to structural performance of buildings. The history of structural bracing is visited and the differences between numerous structural bracing in term of suitability to different types of buildings and loading, mechanisms, technical details, advantages and limitations, and the overall effect on the structural behaviour and performance are dissected. Proper and efficient structural bracing is pertinent for each high rise building as this will lead towards safer, sustainable and more economical buildings, which are cheaper to maintain throughout the life of the buildings in the future.

Experimental Tests of a Real Building Seismically Retrofitted by Special Buckling-Restrained Braces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Aniello, Mario; Corte, Gaetano Della; Mazzolani, Federico M.

2008-07-01

Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs), differently from conventional braces, do not exhibit appreciable difference between the tensile and compression capacity and no strength degradation of brace capacity under compressive and cyclic loading. Since lateral and local buckling behaviour modes are restrained, large inelastic capacities are attainable. Hence, BRBs may represent an efficient and reliable solution for reducing the seismic vulnerability of buildings. Results of experimental tests on the response of a real two-story reinforced concrete (RC) building equipped with BRBs are presented and discussed. The considered BRBs are a special `only-steel' version of the more common `unbonded braces'. In particular, two different BRBs have been tested. Both of them are detachable "only-steel" devices, consisting in a rectangular steel plate and a restraining steel sleeve. The latter is composed by two omega shapes which are bolted together. The main characteristic of the braces consists in the possibility to hide them within the space between the facing and the backing of masonry infill walls commonly used for RC buildings.

Pectus Carinatum: Factors That Contribute to Success and Failure of Nonoperative Treatment.

PubMed

Thaker, Shefali; Anderson, Matthew; Fezio, James; Rader, Christine; Misra, Meghna V

2017-04-01

Pectus carinatum is a congenital chest wall deformity characterized by protrusion ofthe sternum and ribs. External bracing has been the gold standard treatment for this condition for the past 20 years. The primary purpose of the study was to identify factors that contribute to treatment success of bracing for patients with pectus carinatum. The secondary aim was to identify the optimal age to recommend bracing for pectus carinatum. 176 patients who were evaluated for a brace for pectus carinatum were contacted to participate in an online survey about their experience. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who participated in the survey. Subjects rated themselves as more confident afterbracing(P=.002). Patients who hadfamily sup- port, and no documented complaints (P = .024) and (P = .009) respectively, were more likely to say they had made the right choice to wear the brace. This study demonstrated that family support and fewer complaints are predictors of success for the brace.

Team care to cure adolescents with braces (avoiding low quality of life, pain and bad compliance): a case-control retrospective study. 2011 SOSORT Award winner.

PubMed

Tavernaro, Marta; Pellegrini, Anna; Tessadri, Fabrizio; Zaina, Fabio; Zonta, Andrea; Negrini, Stefano

2012-09-20

Bracing could be efficacious, given good compliance and quality of braces. Recently the SOSORT Brace TREATMENT Management Guidelines (SBTMG) have highlighted the perceived importance of the professional teams surrounding braced patients. To verify the impact of a complete rehabilitation team in the adolescent patient with bracing. Design. Initial cross-sectional study, followed by a retrospective case-control study. Thirty-eight patients (15.8 ± 1.6 years; 26 females; 10 hyperkyphosis, 28 scoliosis of 29.2 ± 7.9° Cobb) extracted from a single orthotist database (between January 1, 2008 and September 1, 2009) and treated by the same physician; brace wearing at least 15 hours/day for a minimum of 6 months; age 10 or more. Braces: Sforzesco, Sibilla, Lapadula or Maguelone. Exercises: SEAS. Two questionnaires filled in blindly by patients: SRS-22 and one especially developed and validated with 25 questions on adherence to treatment. Groups (main risk factor): TEAM (private institute: satisfied 44/44 SOSORT criteria; grade of teamwork, "excellent") included 13 patients and NOT 25 (National Health Service Rehabilitation Department: 35/44 SOSORT criteria respected; grade, "insufficient"). TEAM was more compliant to bracing than NOT (97 ± 6% vs. 80 ± 24%) and performed nearly double the exercises (38 ± 12 vs. 20 ± 13 minutes/session). The self-reduction of bracing was significant in NOT (from 16.8 ± 3.7 to 14.8 ± 4.9 hours/day, , P<0.05); TEAM showed a significant reduction in the difficulties due to bracing (from 8.9 ± 1.4 to 3.5 ± 2.0 in 12 months on a 10-point scale, P<0.05). Pain was perceived by 55% of NOT versus 7% of TEAM (P < 0.05). The populations did not differ at the baseline studied outcomes. The absence of a good team surrounding the patient increases by five times the risk of reduced compliance to bracing (odds ratio OR 5.5 - 95% confidence interval 95CI 3.6-7.4), along with more than 15 times that of QoL problems (OR 15.7 - 95CI 13.6-17.9) and pain (OR 16.8 - 95CI 14.5-19.1). Provided the limits of this first study on the topic, the SBTMG seems to be important for brace treatment, influencing pain, QoL and compliance (and so, presumably, final results). Future studies on the topic are advisable.

Chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective randomized study comparing the therapeutic effect of eccentric training, the AirHeel brace, and a combination of both.

PubMed

Petersen, Wolf; Welp, Robert; Rosenbaum, Dieter

2007-10-01

Previous studies have shown that eccentric training has a positive effect on chronic Achilles tendinopathy. A new strategy for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy is the AirHeel brace. AirHeel brace treatment improves the clinical outcome of patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The combination of the AirHeel brace and an eccentric training program has a synergistic effect. Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. One hundred patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) eccentric training, (2) AirHeel brace, and (3) combination of eccentric training and AirHeel brace. Patients were evaluated at 6, 12, and 54 weeks after the beginning of the treatment protocol with ultrasonography, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle score, and Short Form-36 (SF-36). The VAS score for pain, AOFAS score, and SF-36 improved significantly in all 3 groups at all 3 follow-up examinations. At the 3 time points (6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 54 weeks) of follow-up, there was no significant difference between all 3 treatment groups. In all 3 groups, there was no significant difference in tendon thickness after treatment. The AirHeel brace is as effective as eccentric training in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy. There is no synergistic effect when both treatment strategies are combined. The AirHeel brace is an alternative treatment option for chronic Achilles tendinopathy.

Equilibrium composition of interphase boundaries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wynblatt, P.

1990-01-01

Two modeling approaches have been used to investigate segregation effects at interphase boundaries. The first approach is based on the nearest neighbor bond model, used in conjunction with the regular solution approximation, and is an extension of an earlier framework developed to address segregation phenomena at free surfaces. In order to model a semicoherent interphase boundary, we have employed a second modeling approach, based on Monte Carol simulation, in conjunction with the embedded atom method (EAM). The EAM is a powerful new method for describing interatomic interactions in metallic systems. It includes certain many-body interactions that depend on the localmore » environment of an atom. The Monte Carol approach has been applied to semicoherent interphase boundaries in Cu-Ag-Au alloys dilute in Au. These alloys consist of coexisting Cu-rich and Ag-rich phases, which differ in lattice constant by about 12%, such that good matching across in interface occurs when nine structural units of the Cu-rich phase are opposed to eight structural units of the Ag-rich phase. Thus far, interfaces with two different orientations have been studied: {l brace}001{r brace}-Cu//{l brace}001{r brace}-Ag, {l angle}110{r angle}-Cu//{l angle}110{r angle}-Ag; and {l brace}111{r brace}-Cu//{l brace}111{r brace}-Ag, {l angle}110{r angle}-Cu//{l angle}110{r angle}-Ag. These two interfaces will be referred to as the (001) and (111) interphase boundaries, for short. 18 refs.« less

Technology and task parameters relating to the effectiveness of the bracing strategy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Book, Wayne J.; Wang, J. J.

1989-01-01

The bracing strategy has been proposed in various forms as a way to improve robot performance. One version of the strategy employs independent stages of motion. The first stage, referred to as the large or bracing arm, carries the second stage of motion. After the first stage has completed its motion it is braced to provide a more rigid base of motion with a more accurate relationship to the parts to be manipulated. The hypothesis is that more rapid completion of certain tasks is possible with lighter arms using the bracing strategy. While it is easy to make conceptual arguments why this should be so, it is less easy to specify even approximately when this will be true for some reasonably generic situation. There is no relevant experience base with bracing arms to be compared to non-bracing arms. Furthermore, if one were interested in obtaining such practical experience, there would be no methodical guidance on the selection of an interesting case, one in which the unproven approach, bracing, can show its superiority. If one such case exists, only the extent of applicability of the new approach is in question. One set of interesting cases is likely to be applications in which a large workspace must be covered, but where a series of small accurate moves will remain within a smaller region of the total workspace. A prototype application with these characteristics is set up and a skeleton design of arms using the competing strategies are compared.

Factors affecting patient compliance with compressive brace therapy for pectus carinatum.

PubMed

Kang, Du-Young; Jung, Junho; Chung, Sangho; Cho, Jinkyung; Lee, Sungsoo

2014-12-01

The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting patient compliance with brace therapy for pectus carinatum. Eighty-six pectus carinatum patients who started brace therapy from August 2008 to November 2011 were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who wore the brace for ≥6 months (compliance group) or patients who wore the brace for <6 months (non-compliance group). Factors affecting patient compliance were assessed at the last day of follow-up with a multiple-choice questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised seven items: pain at compression site, skin problems on compression area, confidence in brace treatment, shame, discomfort, initial result of bracing treatment and total number of factors affecting patient compliance. Eighty-six patients completed the survey, including seven (8.1%) female patients and 79 (91.9%) male patients, with a mean age of 12.0 years at the time of treatment (range, 3-20 years). The initial result of the compression period (P <0.001) and total number of factors affecting patient compliance (P <0.05) were significant predictors of patient compliance. An initial successful result of the compression period may increase patient compliance during treatment for pectus carinatum. Additional efforts to decrease pain, skin problems, shame and discomfort, and to give confidence may be beneficial in increasing compliance with bracing treatment. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Chord Panel Post, Vertical X Bracing & Horizontal Tie Joint ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Chord Panel Post, Vertical X Bracing & Horizontal Tie Joint Detail; Chord Joining Block & Spacer Block Detail; Cross Bracing Joint Detail; Chord Panel Post Diagonal & Horizontal Tie Joint Detail - Jackson Covered Bridge, Spanning Sugar Creek, CR 775N (Changed from Spanning Sugar Creek), Bloomingdale, Parke County, IN

Ambient response of a unique performance-based design building with dynamic response modification features

USGS Publications Warehouse

Çelebi, Mehmet; Huang, Moh; Shakal, Antony; Hooper, John; Klemencic, Ron

2012-01-01

A 64-story, performance-based design building with reinforced concrete core shear-walls and unique dynamic response modification features (tuned liquid sloshing dampers and buckling-restrained braces) has been instrumented with a monitoring array of 72 channels of accelerometers. Ambient vibration data recorded are analyzed to identify modes and associated frequencies and damping. The low-amplitude dynamic characteristics are considerably different than those computed from design analyses, but serve as a baseline against which to compare with future strong shaking responses. Such studies help to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of the added features to the building and help improve designs in the future.

Speaking Tongues Are Actively Braced

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gick, Bryan; Allen, Blake; Roewer-Després, François; Stavness, Ian

2017-01-01

Purpose: Bracing of the tongue against opposing vocal-tract surfaces such as the teeth or palate has long been discussed in the context of biomechanical, somatosensory, and aeroacoustic aspects of tongue movement. However, previous studies have tended to describe bracing only in terms of contact (rather than mechanical support), and only in…

Delayed latency of peroneal reflex to sudden inversion with ankle taping or bracing.

PubMed

Shima, N; Maeda, A; Hirohashi, K

2005-01-01

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of ankle taping and bracing based on the peroneal reflex in the hypermobile and normal ankle joints with and without history of ankle injury. Thirty-six ankle joints of 18 collegiate American football athletes with and without previous history of injury were studied. The angle of talar tilt (TT) was measured by stress radiograph for classifying normal (TT5 degrees ) ankles. They were tested with taping, bracing, and without any supports as a control. The latency of peroneus longus muscle was measured by a sudden inversion of 25 degrees using surface EMG signals. The results of the present study show no significant three-way Group (hypermobile or normal ankles) by History (previously injured or uninjured ankles) by Condition (control, taping, or bracing) interaction, while Condition main effect was significant (p<0.05). There were significant differences between control (80.8 ms) and taping (83.8 ms, p<0.01), between control and bracing (83.0 ms, p<0.05), but not between taping and bracing (p>0.05). In conclusion, ankle taping and bracing delayed the peroneal reflex latency not only for hypermobile ankles and/or injured ankle joints but also for intact ankle joints.

Second consultant opinion for elective orthopedic surgery.

PubMed Central

McCarthy, E G; Finkel, M L

1981-01-01

We abstracted records of 369 patients whose recommendations for elective orthopedic surgery were not confirmed by a second opinion consultant. Six months or more after the initial recommendation for surgery, 82 per cent had not had the operation performed, irrespective of the diagnosis and the characteristics of the physician recommending surgery. Reasons for consultant non-confirmation included: use of a cast, brace, or corrective footwear preferable (26.3 per cent), symptoms not severe enough (18.4 per cent), and physical therapy/exercises preferable (17.8 per cent). PMID:7294266

Predictors of spine deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Noshchenko, Andriy; Hoffecker, Lilian; Lindley, Emily M; Burger, Evalina L; Cain, Christopher MJ; Patel, Vikas V; Bradford, Andrew P

2015-01-01

AIM: To evaluate published data on the predictors of progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in order to evaluate their efficacy and level of evidence. METHODS: Selection criteria: (1) study design: randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies and case series, retrospective comparative and none comparative studies; (2) participants: adolescents with AIS aged from 10 to 20 years; and (3) treatment: observation, bracing, and other. Search method: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PubMed and patent data bases. All years through August 2014 were included. Data were collected that showed an association between the studied characteristics and the progression of AIS or the severity of the spine deformity. Odds ratio (OR), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also collected. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the pooled OR and predictive values, if more than 1 study presented a result. The GRADE approach was applied to evaluate the level of evidence. RESULTS: The review included 25 studies. All studies showed statistically significant or borderline association between severity or progression of AIS with the following characteristics: (1) An increase of the Cobb angle or axial rotation during brace treatment; (2) decrease of the rib-vertebral angle at the apical level of the convex side during brace treatment; (3) initial Cobb angle severity (> 25o); (4) osteopenia; (5) patient age < 13 years at diagnosis; (6) premenarche status; (7) skeletal immaturity; (8) thoracic deformity; (9) brain stem vestibular dysfunction; and (10) multiple indices combining radiographic, demographic, and physiologic characteristics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the following genes: (1) calmodulin 1; (2) estrogen receptor 1; (3) tryptophan hydroxylase 1; (3) insulin-like growth factor 1; (5) neurotrophin 3; (6) interleukin-17 receptor C; (7) melatonin receptor 1B, and (8) ScoliScore test. Other predictors included: (1) impairment of melatonin signaling in osteoblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); (2) G-protein signaling dysfunction in PBMC; and (3) the level of platelet calmodulin. However, predictive values of all these findings were limited, and the levels of evidence were low. The pooled result of brace treatment outcomes demonstrated that around 27% of patents with AIS experienced exacerbation of the spine deformity during or after brace treatment, and 15% required surgical correction. However, the level of evidence is also low due to the limitations of the included studies. CONCLUSION: This review did not reveal any methods for the prediction of progression in AIS that could be recommended for clinical use as diagnostic criteria. PMID:26301183

Predictors of spine deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

PubMed

Noshchenko, Andriy; Hoffecker, Lilian; Lindley, Emily M; Burger, Evalina L; Cain, Christopher Mj; Patel, Vikas V; Bradford, Andrew P

2015-08-18

To evaluate published data on the predictors of progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in order to evaluate their efficacy and level of evidence. (1) study design: randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies and case series, retrospective comparative and none comparative studies; (2) participants: adolescents with AIS aged from 10 to 20 years; and (3) treatment: observation, bracing, and other. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PubMed and patent data bases. All years through August 2014 were included. Data were collected that showed an association between the studied characteristics and the progression of AIS or the severity of the spine deformity. Odds ratio (OR), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also collected. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the pooled OR and predictive values, if more than 1 study presented a result. The GRADE approach was applied to evaluate the level of evidence. The review included 25 studies. All studies showed statistically significant or borderline association between severity or progression of AIS with the following characteristics: (1) An increase of the Cobb angle or axial rotation during brace treatment; (2) decrease of the rib-vertebral angle at the apical level of the convex side during brace treatment; (3) initial Cobb angle severity (> 25(o)); (4) osteopenia; (5) patient age < 13 years at diagnosis; (6) premenarche status; (7) skeletal immaturity; (8) thoracic deformity; (9) brain stem vestibular dysfunction; and (10) multiple indices combining radiographic, demographic, and physiologic characteristics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the following genes: (1) calmodulin 1; (2) estrogen receptor 1; (3) tryptophan hydroxylase 1; (3) insulin-like growth factor 1; (5) neurotrophin 3; (6) interleukin-17 receptor C; (7) melatonin receptor 1B, and (8) ScoliScore test. Other predictors included: (1) impairment of melatonin signaling in osteoblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); (2) G-protein signaling dysfunction in PBMC; and (3) the level of platelet calmodulin. However, predictive values of all these findings were limited, and the levels of evidence were low. The pooled result of brace treatment outcomes demonstrated that around 27% of patents with AIS experienced exacerbation of the spine deformity during or after brace treatment, and 15% required surgical correction. However, the level of evidence is also low due to the limitations of the included studies. This review did not reveal any methods for the prediction of progression in AIS that could be recommended for clinical use as diagnostic criteria.

Fracture toughness of materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burns, S.J.

Crack tip dislocation emission in bulk specimens have been measured in single crystal specimens and the measurements are well below the accepted theoretical values for dislocation emission. The image forces on a dislocation due to the presence of a semi-infinite crack are used to calculate the potential energy of the dislocation around the crack. Expressions for the radial and tangential forces and for slip and climb forces have been found. Crack tip deformation in Mode I and Mode II fractures on both {l brace}100{r brace} and {l brace}110{r brace} planes have been observed in crystals of LiF. The deformation ismore » shown to nearly completely shield {l brace}110{r brace} plane cracks and prevent their propagation while deformation is less effective in shielding {l brace}100{r brace} plane cracks. The fracture toughness of MgO-partially-stabilized ZrO{sub 2} exhibiting transformation toughening been measured. The equations of linear elastic fracture mechanics have been self-consistantly formulated to include the residual displacement from the transformation wake. MgO single crystals were fatigued in plastic strain control at elevated temperatures. At high temperatures, dense bundles of dislocations were observed in transmission electron microscopy aligned perpendicular to the Burgers' vector directions. The thermodynamics of a superconducting second order phase transformation has been related to jumps in physical properties. A simple energy balance, without assuming an equation of state, is used to relate the rate of change of state variables to measurable physical properties. There are no preconceived assumptions about the superconducting mechanism.« less

Biomechanical effects of valgus knee bracing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Moyer, R F; Birmingham, T B; Bryant, D M; Giffin, J R; Marriott, K A; Leitch, K M

2015-02-01

To review and synthesize the biomechanical effects of valgus knee bracing for patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). Electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2014. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility, rated study quality and extracted data. Where possible, data were combined into meta-analyses and pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Thirty studies were included with 478 subjects tested while using a valgus knee brace. Various biomechanical methods suggested valgus braces can decrease direct measures of medial knee compressive force, indirect measures representing the mediolateral distribution of load across the knee, quadriceps/hamstring and quadriceps/gastrocnemius co-contraction ratios, and increase medial joint space during gait. Meta-analysis from 17 studies suggested a statistically significant decrease in the external knee adduction moment (KAM) during walking, with a moderate-to-high effect size (SMD = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.83; P < 0.001). Meta-regression identified a near-significant association for the KAM effect size and duration of brace use only (β, -0.01; 95% CI: -0.03, 0.0001; P = 0.06); with longer durations of brace use associated with smaller treatment effects. Minor complications were commonly reported during brace use and included slipping, discomfort and poor fit, blisters and skin irritation. Systematic review and meta-analysis suggests valgus knee braces can alter knee joint loads through a combination of mechanisms, with moderate-to-high effect sizes in biomechanical outcomes. Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluating the Ergonomic Benefit of a Wrist Brace on Wrist Posture, Muscle Activity, Rotational Stiffness, and Peak Shovel-Ground Impact Force During a Simulated Tree-Planting Task.

PubMed

Sheahan, Peter J; Cashaback, Joshua G A; Fischer, Steven L

2017-09-01

Background Tree planters are at a high risk for wrist injury due to awkward postures and high wrist loads experienced during each planting cycle, specifically at shovel-ground impact. Wrist joint stiffness provides a measure that integrates postural and loading information. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate wrist joint stiffness requirements at the instant of shovel-ground impact during tree planting and determine if a wrist brace could alter muscular contributions to wrist joint stiffness. Method Planters simulated tree planting with and without wearing a brace on their planting arm. Surface electromyography (sEMG) from six forearm muscles and wrist kinematics were collected and used to calculate muscular contributions to joint rotational stiffness about the wrist. Results Wrist joint stiffness increased with brace use, an unanticipated and negative consequence of wearing a brace. As a potential benefit, planters achieved a more neutrally oriented wrist angle about the flexion/extension axis, although a less neutral wrist angle about the ulnar/radial axis was observed. Muscle activity did not change between conditions. Conclusion The joint stiffness analysis, combining kinematic and sEMG information in a biologically relevant manner, revealed clear limitations with the interface between the brace grip and shovel handle that jeopardized the prophylactic benefits of the current brace design. This limitation was not as evident when considering kinematics and sEMG data independently. Application A neuromechanical model (joint rotational stiffness) enhanced our ability to evaluate the brace design relative to kinematic and sEMG parameter-based metrics alone.

Computed and Experimental Flutter/LCO Onset for the Boeing Truss-Braced Wing Wind-Tunnel Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartels, Robert E.; Scott, Robert C.; Funk, Christie J.; Allen, Timothy J.; Sexton, Bradley W.

2014-01-01

This paper presents high fidelity Navier-Stokes simulations of the Boeing Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research truss-braced wing wind-tunnel model and compares the results to linear MSC. Nastran flutter analysis and preliminary data from a recent wind-tunnel test of that model at the NASA Langley Research Center Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. The simulated conditions under consideration are zero angle of attack, so that structural nonlinearity can be neglected. It is found that, for Mach number greater than 0.78, the linear flutter analysis predicts flutter onset dynamic pressure below the wind-tunnel test and that predicted by the Navier-Stokes analysis. Furthermore, the wind-tunnel test revealed that the majority of the high structural dynamics cases were wing limit cycle oscillation (LCO) rather than flutter. Most Navier-Stokes simulated cases were also LCO rather than hard flutter. There is dip in the wind-tunnel test flutter/LCO onset in the Mach 0.76-0.80 range. Conditions tested above that Mach number exhibited no aeroelastic instability at the dynamic pressures reached in the tunnel. The linear flutter analyses do not show a flutter/LCO dip. The Navier-Stokes simulations also do not reveal a dip; however, the flutter/LCO onset is at a significantly higher dynamic pressure at Mach 0.90 than at lower Mach numbers. The Navier-Stokes simulations indicate a mild LCO onset at Mach 0.82, then a more rapidly growing instability at Mach 0.86 and 0.90. Finally, the modeling issues and their solution related to the use of a beam and pod finite element model to generate the Navier-Stokes structure mode shapes are discussed.

77 FR 65810 - Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

... directive (AD) for certain Bombardier, Inc. Model CL-600-2B19 (Regional Jet Series 100 & 440) airplanes. That AD currently requires a one-time inspection of the shafts of the main landing gear (MLG) side... MLG side-brace fitting, and replacing the side-brace fitting shaft with the re-designed side-brace...

49 CFR 230.25 - Maximum allowable stress on stays and braces.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Maximum allowable stress on stays and braces. 230... Boilers and Appurtenances Allowable Stress § 230.25 Maximum allowable stress on stays and braces. The maximum allowable stress per square inch of net cross sectional area on fire box and combustion chamber...

Invisible Braces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Ceradyne, Inc., and 3M Unitek were assisted in the development of Ceramic braces by NIAC/USC. The braces are marketed by Unitek/3M, and are made from translucent polycrystalline alumina (TPA). They are designed for each tooth, connected by a thin metal wire, are strong, aesthetically appealing and as effective clinically as plastic or metal appliances.

Effects of prophylactic knee bracing on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during netball specific movements.

PubMed

Sinclair, Jonathan K; Vincent, Hayley; Richards, Jim D

2017-01-01

To investigate the effects of a prophylactic knee brace on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during netball specific movements. Repeated measures. Laboratory. Twenty university first team level female netball players. Participants performed three movements, run, cut and vertical jump under two conditions (brace and no-brace). 3-D knee joint kinetics and kinematics were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system. Knee joint kinetics and kinematics were examined using 2 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA whilst the subjective ratings of comfort and stability were investigated using chi-squared tests. The results showed no differences (p > 0.05) in knee joint kinetics. However the internal/external rotation range of motion was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced when wearing the brace in all movements. The subjective ratings of stability revealed that netballers felt that the knee brace improved knee stability in all movements. Further study is required to determine whether reductions in transverse plane knee range of motion serve to attenuate the risk from injury in netballers. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Devitoite, A New Heterophyllosilcate Mineral with Astrophyllite-Like Layers from Eastern Fresno County, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kampf, Anthony R.; Rossman, George R.; Steele, Ian M.

2010-03-30

Devitoite, [Ba{sub 6}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}(CO{sub 3})] [Fe{sup 2+}{sub 7}Fe{sup 3+}{sub 2}(Si{sub 4}O{sup 12}){sub 2}O{sub 2}(OH){sub 4}], is a new mineral species from the Esquire No.8 claim along Big Creek in eastern Fresno County, California, U.S.A. It is also found at the nearby Esquire No.7 claim and at Trumbull Peak in Mariposa County. The mineral is named for Alfred (Fred) DeVito (1937-2004). Devitoite crystallized very late in a sequence of minerals resulting from fluids interacting with a quartz-sanbornite vein along its margin with the country rock. The mineral occurs in subparallel intergrowths of very thin brown blades, flattened on {l_brace}001{r_brace} andmore » elongate and striated parallel to [100]. The mineral has a cream to pale brown streak, a silky luster, a Mohs hardness of approximately 4, and two cleavages: {l_brace}001{r_brace} perfect and {l_brace}010{r_brace} good.« less

A quantitative method for measuring forces applied by nail braces.

PubMed

Erdogan, Fatma G

2011-01-01

Nail bracing is a conservative method used for ingrown nails; however, lack of objective measurements limits its use for various nails. Double-string nail braces with extra metal springs were applied to 12 patients with 21 chronic, thick, and overcurved ingrown nails. Force was measured with a force gauge meter. Treatment was stopped once patients stood on their tiptoes and walked in shoes pain free without braces. A force gauge meter was also used on a model nail to show the forces applied by various nail braces and to compare their pulling forces. After 6 to 10 months of treatment, all of the patients were pain free; 600 to 1,000 centi Newtons of force were applied to the nails. As the width of the nail increased, so did the force. Braces exert more force on larger nails, which may shorten treatment durations. By measuring forces, it may be possible to standardize force and duration of treatment according to variables such as nail thickness, nail width, angle of ingrown nail, and duration of symptoms.

The Problems Encountered in a CTEV Clinic: Can Better Casting and Bracing Be Accomplished?

PubMed

Agarwal, Anil; Kumar, Anubrat; Shaharyar, Abbas; Mishra, Madhusudan

2016-09-07

The aim of the study is to create awareness in the practicing health care workers toward the problems encountered during casting and bracing of clubfoot following Ponseti method, and in turn avoid them. Retrospective audit of 6 years' clubfoot clinic records to analyze problems associated with Ponseti method. Problems were encountered in 26 cast and in 6 braced patients. Just 4 patients out of 71 syndromic (5.6%) experienced problems during casting compared with 3% overall incidence. The common problems encountered in casted patients were moisture lesions, hematoma, dermatitis due to occlusion, pressure sores, and fractures. There was excessive bleeding in 1 patient at time of tenotomy. In braced patients, pressure sores and tenderness at tenotomy site were major problems. None of the syndromic patients experienced difficulties during bracing. Problems were encountered with Ponseti method during casting, tenotomy, or bracing. Syndromic children had lesser complication rate than idiopathic clubfeet. It is important to be aware of these problems so that appropriate intervention can be done early. Level IV: Retrospective. © 2016 The Author(s).

Accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty in impact assessments: The example of the BRACE study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Neill, B. C.

2015-12-01

Assessing climate change impacts often requires the use of multiple scenarios, types of models, and data sources, leading to a large number of potential sources of uncertainty. For example, a single study might require a choice of a forcing scenario, climate model, bias correction and/or downscaling method, societal development scenario, model (typically several) for quantifying elements of societal development such as economic and population growth, biophysical model (such as for crop yields or hydrology), and societal impact model (e.g. economic or health model). Some sources of uncertainty are reduced or eliminated by the framing of the question. For example, it may be useful to ask what an impact outcome would be conditional on a given societal development pathway, forcing scenario, or policy. However many sources of uncertainty remain, and it is rare for all or even most of these sources to be accounted for. I use the example of a recent integrated project on the Benefits of Reduced Anthropogenic Climate changE (BRACE) to explore useful approaches to uncertainty across multiple components of an impact assessment. BRACE comprises 23 papers that assess the differences in impacts between two alternative climate futures: those associated with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. It quantifies difference in impacts in terms of extreme events, health, agriculture, tropical cyclones, and sea level rise. Methodologically, it includes climate modeling, statistical analysis, integrated assessment modeling, and sector-specific impact modeling. It employs alternative scenarios of both radiative forcing and societal development, but generally uses a single climate model (CESM), partially accounting for climate uncertainty by drawing heavily on large initial condition ensembles. Strengths and weaknesses of the approach to uncertainty in BRACE are assessed. Options under consideration for improving the approach include the use of perturbed physics ensembles of CESM, employing results from multiple climate models, and combining the results from single impact models with statistical representations of uncertainty across multiple models. A key consideration is the relationship between the question being addressed and the uncertainty approach.

Behaviour of Strengthened RC Frames with Eccentric Steel Braced Frames

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamanli, Mehmet; Unal, Alptug

2017-10-01

After devastating earthquakes in recent years, strengthening of reinforced concrete buildings became an important research topic. Reinforced concrete buildings can be strengthened by steel braced frames. These steel braced frames may be made of concentrically or eccentrically indicated in Turkish Earthquake Code 2007. In this study pushover analysis of the 1/3 scaled 1 reinforced concrete frame and 1/3 scaled 4 strengthened reinforced concrete frames with internal eccentric steel braced frames were conducted by SAP2000 program. According to the results of the analyses conducted, load-displacement curves of the specimens were compared and evaluated. Adding eccentric steel braces to the bare frame decreased the story drift, and significantly increased strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. In this strengthening method lateral load carrying capacity, stiffness and dissipated energy of the structure can be increased.

Mechanical stability of the subtalar joint after lateral ligament sectioning and ankle brace application: a biomechanical experimental study.

PubMed

Kamiya, Tomoaki; Kura, Hideji; Suzuki, Daisuke; Uchiyama, Eiichi; Fujimiya, Mineko; Yamashita, Toshihiko

2009-12-01

The roles of each ligament supporting the subtalar joint have not been clarified despite several biomechanical studies. The effects of ankle braces on subtalar instability have not been shown. The ankle brace has a partial effect on restricting excessive motion of the subtalar joint. Controlled laboratory study. Ten normal fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were used. The angular motions of the talus were measured via a magnetic tracking system. The specimens were tested while inversion and eversion forces, as well as internal and external rotation torques, were applied. The calcaneofibular ligament, cervical ligament, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament were sectioned sequentially, and the roles of each ligament, as well as the stabilizing effects of the ankle brace, were examined. Complete sectioning of the ligaments increased the angle between the talus and calcaneus in the frontal plane to 51.7 degrees + or - 11.8 degrees compared with 35.7 degrees + or - 6.0 degrees in the intact state when inversion force was applied. There was a statistically significant difference in the angles between complete sectioning of the ligaments and after application of the brace (34.1 degrees + or - 7.3 degrees ) when inversion force was applied. On the other hand, significant differences in subtalar rotation were not found between complete sectioning of the ligaments and application of the brace when internal and external rotational torques were applied. The ankle brace limited inversion of the subtalar joint, but it did not restrict motion after application of internal or external rotational torques. In cases of severe ankle sprains involving the calcaneofibular ligament, cervical ligament, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament injuries, application of an ankle brace might be less effective in limiting internal-external rotational instabilities than in cases of inversion instabilities in the subtalar joint. An improvement in the design of the brace is needed to restore better rotational stability in the subtalar joint.

The cost-effectiveness of semi-rigid ankle brace to facilitate return to work following first-time acute ankle sprains.

PubMed

Fatoye, Francis; Haigh, Carol

2016-05-01

To examine the cost-effectiveness of semi-rigid ankle brace to facilitate return to work following first-time acute ankle sprains. Economic evaluation based on cost-utility analysis. Ankle sprains are a source of morbidity and absenteeism from work, accounting for 15-20% of all sports injuries. Semi-rigid ankle brace and taping are functional treatment interventions used by Musculoskeletal Physiotherapists and Nurses to facilitate return to work following acute ankle sprains. A decision model analysis, based on cost-utility analysis from the perspective of National Health Service was used. The primary outcomes measure was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, based on quality-adjusted life years. Costs and quality of life data were derived from published literature, while model clinical probabilities were sourced from Musculoskeletal Physiotherapists. The cost and quality adjusted life years gained using semi-rigid ankle brace was £184 and 0.72 respectively. However, the cost and quality adjusted life years gained following taping was £155 and 0.61 respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the semi-rigid brace was £263 per quality adjusted life year. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that ankle brace provided the highest net-benefit, hence the preferred option. Taping is a cheaper intervention compared with ankle brace to facilitate return to work following first-time ankle sprains. However, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio observed for ankle brace was less than the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence threshold and the intervention had a higher net-benefit, suggesting that it is a cost-effective intervention. Decision-makers may be willing to pay £263 for an additional gain in quality adjusted life year. The findings of this economic evaluation provide justification for the use of semi-rigid ankle brace by Musculoskeletal Physiotherapists and Nurses to facilitate return to work in individuals with first-time ankle sprains. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Estimation of the stress related to conservative scoliosis therapy: an analysis based on BSSQ questionnaires

PubMed Central

Kotwicki, Tomasz; Kinel, Edyta; Stryła, Wanda; Szulc, Andrzej

2007-01-01

Background Adolescent girls treated with a brace for scoliosis are submitted to prolonged stress related to both the disease and the therapy. Currently proposed quality of life questionnaires are focused on the outcome of therapy. Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQ) enables monitoring of patients being under treatment with a brace or exercises. The aim of the study was to assess the stress level in conservatively managed scoliotic girls using BSSQ. Materials and methods 111 girls, aged 14,2 ± 2,2 years, mean Cobb angle of the primary curve 42,8° ± 17,0° and mean Bunnell angle of 11,4° ± 4,5° were examined with two versions of BSSQ (Deformity and Brace). The analysis considered the type of treatment, curve location, correlation of the total score with age, Cobb angle and Bunnell rotation angle. Results The BSSQ Deformity revealed the median of 17 points in patients managed with exercises (from 4 to 24 points), 18 in patients managed with a brace (from 8 to 24 points) and 12 in patients before surgery (from 3 to 21 points). Braced patients who completed both questionnaires (n = 50) revealed significantly higher score with BSSQ Deformity (median = 18) comparing to BSSQ Brace (median = 9). There was a correlation between the total score of BSSQ Deformity and the Cobb angle (r = -0,34), Bunnell primary curve rotation (r = -0,34) and Bunnell sum of rotation (r = -0,33) but not with the age of patients. Conclusion Scoliotic adolescents managed with exercises and brace suffered little stress from the deformity. The brace increased the level of stress over the stress induced by the deformity. The stress level correlated with clinical deformity (Bunnell angle), radiological deformity (Cobb angle) and the type of treatment (exercises, bracing, surgery). Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaires are simple and helpful in the management of girls treated conservatively for idiopathic scoliosis. PMID:17201928

Estimation of the stress related to conservative scoliosis therapy: an analysis based on BSSQ questionnaires.

PubMed

Kotwicki, Tomasz; Kinel, Edyta; Stryła, Wanda; Szulc, Andrzej

2007-01-03

Adolescent girls treated with a brace for scoliosis are submitted to prolonged stress related to both the disease and the therapy. Currently proposed quality of life questionnaires are focused on the outcome of therapy. Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQ) enables monitoring of patients being under treatment with a brace or exercises. The aim of the study was to assess the stress level in conservatively managed scoliotic girls using BSSQ. 111 girls, aged 14.2 +/- 2.2 years, mean Cobb angle of the primary curve 42.8 degrees +/- 17.0 degrees and mean Bunnell angle of 11.4 degrees +/- 4.5 degrees were examined with two versions of BSSQ (Deformity and Brace). The analysis considered the type of treatment, curve location, correlation of the total score with age, Cobb angle and Bunnell rotation angle. The BSSQ Deformity revealed the median of 17 points in patients managed with exercises (from 4 to 24 points), 18 in patients managed with a brace (from 8 to 24 points) and 12 in patients before surgery (from 3 to 21 points). Braced patients who completed both questionnaires (n = 50) revealed significantly higher score with BSSQ Deformity (median = 18) comparing to BSSQ Brace (median = 9). There was a correlation between the total score of BSSQ Deformity and the Cobb angle (r = -0.34), Bunnell primary curve rotation (r = -0.34) and Bunnell sum of rotation (r = -0.33) but not with the age of patients. Scoliotic adolescents managed with exercises and brace suffered little stress from the deformity. The brace increased the level of stress over the stress induced by the deformity. The stress level correlated with clinical deformity (Bunnell angle), radiological deformity (Cobb angle) and the type of treatment (exercises, bracing, surgery). Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaires are simple and helpful in the management of girls treated conservatively for idiopathic scoliosis.

Preliminary design characteristics of a subsonic business jet concept employing an aspect ratio 25 strut braced wing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turriziani, R. V.; Lovell, W. A.; Martin, G. L.; Price, J. E.; Swanson, E. E.; Washburn, G. F.

1980-01-01

The advantages of replacing the conventional wing on a transatlantic business jet with a larger, strut braced wing of aspect ratio 25 were evaluated. The lifting struts reduce both the induced drag and structural weight of the heavier, high aspect ratio wing. Compared to the conventional airplane, the strut braced wing design offers significantly higher lift to drag ratios achieved at higher lift coefficients and, consequently, a combination of lower speeds and higher altitudes. The strut braced wing airplane provides fuel savings with an attendant increase in construction costs.

Vertebral Body Stapling versus Bracing for Patients with High-Risk Moderate Idiopathic Scoliosis

PubMed Central

Cuddihy, Laury; Danielsson, Aina J.; Cahill, Patrick J.; Samdani, Amer F.; Grewal, Harsh; Richmond, John M.; Mulcahey, M. J.; Gaughan, John P.; Antonacci, M. Darryl; Betz, Randal R.

2015-01-01

Purpose. We report a comparison study of vertebral body stapling (VBS) versus a matched bracing cohort for immature patients with moderate (25 to 44°) idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Methods. 42 of 49 consecutive patients (86%) with IS were treated with VBS and followed for a minimum of 2 years. They were compared to 121 braced patients meeting identical inclusion criteria. 52 patients (66 curves) were matched according to age at start of treatment (10.6 years versus 11.1 years, resp. [P = 0.07]) and gender. Results. For thoracic curves 25–34°, VBS had a success rate (defined as curve progression <10°) of 81% versus 61% for bracing (P = 0.16). In thoracic curves 35–44°, VBS and bracing both had a poor success rate. For lumbar curves, success rates were similar in both groups for curves measuring 25–34°. Conclusion. In this comparison of two cohorts of patients with high-risk (Risser 0-1) moderate IS (25–44°), in smaller thoracic curves (25–34°) VBS provided better results as a clinical trend as compared to bracing. VBS was found not to be effective for thoracic curves ≥35°. For lumbar curves measuring 25–34°, results appear to be similar for both VBS and bracing, at 80% success. PMID:26618169

Tridimensional morphology and kinetics of etch pit on the {l_brace}0 0 0 1{r_brace} plane of sapphire crystal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang Lunyong; Sun Jianfei, E-mail: jfsun_hit@263.net; Zuo Hongbo

2012-08-15

The tridimensional morphology and etching kinetics of the etch pit on the C-{l_brace}0 0 0 1{r_brace} plane of sapphire crystal ({alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) in molten KOH were studied experimentally. It was shown that the etch pit takes on tridimensional morphologies with triangular symmetry same as the symmetric property of the sapphire crystal. Pits like centric and eccentric triangular pyramid as well as hexagonal pyramid were observed, but the latter is less in density. In-depth analyses show the side walls of the etch pits belong to the {l_brace}1 1{sup Macron} 0 2{sup Macron }{r_brace} family, and the triangular pit contains edgesmore » full composed by Al{sup 3+} ions on the etching surface so it is more stable than the hexagonal pit since its edges on the etching surface contains Al{sup 2+} ions. The etch pits developed in a manner of kinematic wave by the step moving with constant speed, which is controlled by the chemical reaction with activation energy of 96.6 kJ/mol between Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and KOH. - Graphical abstract: Schematic showing the atomic configuration of the predicted side walls of regular triangular pyramid shaped etch pit on the C-{l_brace}0 0 0 1{r_brace} plane of sapphire crystal. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Observed the tridimensional morphology of etch pits. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Figured out the atomic configuration origin of the etch pits. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Quantitatively determined the etch rates of the etch pits.« less

Decontamination of TCE- and U-rich waters by granular iron: Role of sorbed Fe(II)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Charlet, L.; Liger, E.; Gerasimo, P.

1998-01-01

Uranium (UO{sub 2}{sup 2+}) and chlorinated aliphatics [tetrachloroethane (PCE) and trichloroethane (TCE)] can be reduced and thus immobilized or degraded, respectively, by the same abiotic mechanism. In this mechanism the reduction reaction is coupled to the oxidation of Fe(II) sorbed on iron corrosion products such as hematite. This is indicated by the equilibrium E{sub h} values measured during uranium immobilization and PCE degradation reactions of zerovalent iron. These values fit closely with those measured in the Fe(II)-{alpha}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}-H{sub 2}O system (in the absence of U or PCE), not those of the Fe(o)/Fe(II) or H{sub 2}(g)/H{sub 2}O couples. Because ironmore » (II) is very unstable in environments that are not strictly anaerobic, Fe(o) serves as a source of Fe(II). The reduction kinetic rate, analyzed in detail for the reduction of U(VI), is found to be a function of the concentration of OH{sup {minus}}, Fe{sup 2+} and reactive surface sites, and is given in terms of sorbed species concentrations by {l_brace}d[U(VI)]{sub ads}{r_brace}/dt = {l_brace}{minus}k{prime}[{triple_bond}FeOFeOH{sup 0}][U(VI)]{sub ads}{r_brace}. This rate law applies to organic pollutants as well, as long as they can be reduced by surface Fe(II): {l_brace}d[Pollutant]{r_brace}/dt = {l_brace}{minus}k{prime}[{triple_bond}FeOFeOH{sup 0}][Pollutant]{r_brace}. This mechanism suggests new possibilities for the improvement of low-cost decontamination techniques for U- and chlorinated aliphatic-rich waters.« less

The effect of ankle bracing on lower extremity biomechanics during landing: A systematic review.

PubMed

Mason-Mackay, A R; Whatman, C; Reid, D

2016-07-01

To examine the evidence for effect of ankle bracing on lower-extremity landing biomechanics. Literature review. Systematic search of the literature on EBSCO health databases. Articles critiqued by two reviewers. Ten studies were identified which investigated the effect of ankle bracing on landing biomechanics. Overall results suggest that landing biomechanics are altered with some brace types but studies disagree as to the particular variables affected. There is evidence that ankle bracing may alter lower-extremity landing biomechanics in a manner which predisposes athletes to injury. The focus of studies on specific biomechanical variables rather than biomechanical patterns, analysis of pooled data means in the presence of differing landing styles between participants, variation in landing-tasks investigated in different studies, and lack of studies investigating goal-directed sport-specific landing tasks creates difficulty in interpreting results. These areas require further research. Copyright © 2015 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multidisciplinary Design Investigation of Truss-Braced Wing Aircraft. Phase 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grossman, B.; Kapania, R. K.; Mason, W. H.; Schetz, J. A.

2000-01-01

The subject grant was in effect from 7/l/99 to 10/31/99. The objective of this grant was to complete a strut-braced wing study which began, which was in effect from 6/27/96 until 9/15/99. While the initial grant was on-going, we were also under subcontract to Lockheed-Martin, Aerospace Systems Division, Marietta, GA to do additional studies related to the strut-braced wing grant "A Structural and Aerodynamic Investigation of a Strut-Braced Wing Transonic Aircraft Concept", 4/l/98-11/15/98. Lockheed-Martin was under contract to NASA Langley. Finally the research under this grant has led to a joint proposal from NASA Langley, Locheed-Martin, Virginia Tech and NASA Dryden to develop a transonic strut-braced wing demonstration aircraft in response to Flight Research for Revolutionary Aeronautical Concepts (REVCON). This final report summarizes the research done, augmented by the additional concommitant research projects mentioned above.

Abdominal Hollowing Reduces Lateral Trunk Displacement During Single-Leg Squats in Healthy Females But Does Not Affect Peak Hip Abduction Angle or Knee Abductio Angle/Moment.

PubMed

Linde, Lukas D; Archibald, Jessica; Lampert, Eve C; Srbely, John Z

2017-07-17

Females suffer 4-6 times more non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than males due to neuromuscular control deficits of the hip musculature leading to increases in hip adduction angle, knee abduction angle, and knee abduction moment during dynamic tasks such as single-leg squats. Lateral trunk displacement has been further related to ACL injury risk in females, leading to the incorporation of core strength/stability exercises in ACL preventative training programs. However, the direct mechanism relating lateral trunk displacement and lower limb ACL risk factors is not well established. To assess the relationship between lateral trunk displacement and lower limb measures of ACL injury risk by altering trunk control through abdominal activation techniques during single-leg squats in healthy females. Interventional Study Setting: Movement and Posture Laboratory Participants: 13 healthy females (21.3±0.88y, 1.68±0.07m, 58.27±5.46kg) Intervention: Trunk position and lower limb kinematics were recorded using an optoelectric motion capture system during single-leg squats under differing conditions of abdominal muscle activation (abdominal hollowing, abdominal bracing, control), confirmed via surface electromyography. Lateral trunk displacement, peak hip adduction angle, peak knee abduction angle/moment, and average muscle activity from bilateral internal oblique, external oblique, and erector spinae muscles. No differences were observed for peak lateral trunk displacement, peak hip adduction angle or peak knee abduction angle/moment. Abdominal hollowing and bracing elicited greater muscle activation than the control condition, and bracing was greater than hollowing in four of six muscles recorded. The lack of reduction in trunk, hip, and knee measures of ACL injury risk during abdominal hollowing and bracing suggests that these techniques alone may provide minimal benefit in ACL injury prevention training.

RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR BRACE - PROVIDING NO AND SPECIFIC NO2 MEASUREMENTS FOR THE BRACE DATABASE DURING THE MAY '02 FIELD STUDY

EPA Science Inventory

Three scientists from the EPA, RTP facility in Research Triangle Park, N.C. worked with the State of Florida and BRACE scientists to provide accurate and precise NO and specific NO2 measurements at two monitoring sites, the rural Sydney site and the near-bay, suburban Gandy sit...

19. DETAIL VIEW SHOWING POINT OF CONNECTION OF SWAY BRACING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. DETAIL VIEW SHOWING POINT OF CONNECTION OF SWAY BRACING TO UPSTREAM ARCH RIB AT SPRING POINT FROM SOUTH ABUTMENT, LOOKING EAST-NORTHEAST. NOTE CRACK VISIBLE NEAR TOP OF SWAY BRACING AT LEFT CENTER, PROBABLY DUE TO RUST JACKING OF REINFORCING STEEL - Chili Bar Bridge, Spanning South Fork of American River at State Highway 193, Placerville, El Dorado County, CA

Reducing the duality gap in partially convex programming

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Correa, R.

1994-12-31

We consider the non-linear minimization program {alpha} = min{sub z{element_of}D, x{element_of}C}{l_brace}f{sub 0}(z, x) : f{sub i}(z, x) {<=} 0, i {element_of} {l_brace}1, ..., m{r_brace}{r_brace} where f{sub i}(z, {center_dot}) are convex functions, C is convex and D is compact. Following Ben-Tal, Eiger and Gershowitz we prove the existence of a partial dual program whose optimum is arbitrarily close to {alpha}. The idea, corresponds to the branching principle in Branch and Bound methods. We describe such a kind of algorithm for obtaining the desired partial dual.

Orthoses for osteoarthritis: A narrative review.

PubMed

Beaudreuil, Johann

2017-04-01

Orthoses for osteoarthritis represent splints, taping, sleeves, unloading knee braces and insoles. This review of the effectiveness of these orthoses involved a search for articles published up to 2015 in MEDLINE via PubMed, with a focus on Osteoarthritis Research Society International, American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatology international recommendations. Evidence for splinting effectiveness in patients with thumb-base osteoarthritis is now provided. Splints for thumb-base osteoarthritis decrease pain and functional disability. Weaker evidence was found for knee bracing, including taping, sleeves and unloading braces. Low rate of observance and safety results should be considered before using current unloading knee braces for knee osteoarthritis. For insoles, data remain controversial. Orthoses for interphalangeal or hip osteoarthritis have not been investigated in a randomized trial. Regardless, if indicated in daily clinical practice, bracing must be checked by a healthcare professional to insure the suitability of the device. Patients using bracing must be educated. Patient education should include knowledge of the aims and modalities of the treatment as well as knowledge of potential side effects. Patients should be encouraged to contact the therapist if adjustment is needed, with poor tolerance or with questions about the device. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Evaluating the ductility characteristics of self-centering buckling-restrained shape memory alloy braces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abou-Elfath, Hamdy

2017-05-01

Recently, self-centering earthquake resistant systems have attracted attention because of their promising potential in controlling the residual drifts and reducing repair costs after earthquake events. Considerable portion of self-centering research is based on using short-segment superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) braces as strengthening technique because of the lower modulus of elasticity of SMA in comparison with that of steel. The goal of this study is to investigate the ductility characteristics of these newly proposed short-segment SMA braces to evaluate their safety levels against fracture failures under earthquake loading. This goal has been achieved by selecting an appropriate seismic performance criterion for steel frames equipped with SMA braces, defining the level of strain capacity of SMA and calculating the strain demands in the SMA braces by conducting a series of pushover and earthquake time history analyzes on typical frame structure. The results obtained in this study indicated the inability of short-segment SMA designs to provide adequate ductility to the lateral resistant systems. An alternative approach is introduced by using hybrid steel-SMA braces that are capable of controlling the residual drifts and providing the structure with adequate lateral stiffness.

New Generation Lockable Knee Brace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

A knee brace that uses Space Shuttle propulsion technology has moved a step closer to being available to help knee injury and stroke patients and may possibly benefit patients with birth defects, spinal cord injuries, and post-polio conditions. After years of hard work, inventors at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, have turned over the final design and prototype to industry partners at Horton's Orthotic Lab in Little Rock, Arkansas for further clinical testing. The device, called the Selectively Lockable Knee Brace, may mean faster, less painful rehabilitation for patients by allowing the knee to move when weight is not on the heel. Devices currently on the market lock the knee in a rigid, straight-leg position, or allow continuous free motion. Pictured here is a knee brace prototype being tested and fitted at Horton's Orthotic Lab. The knee brace is just one example of how space technology is being used to improve the lives of people on Earth. NASA's MSFC inventors Michael Shadoan and Neill Myers are space propulsion engineers who use the same mechanisms and materials to build systems for rockets that they used to design and develop the knee brace.

Prophylactic Ankle Bracing in Military Settings: A Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Newman, Thomas M; Gay, Michael R; Buckley, W E

2017-03-01

Within athletics and the military, ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries with the potential for long-term functional deficits. Incidence rates for ankle sprains within the military are one of the leading causes of limited duty days, especially during basic combat training, parachute training exercises, and in cadet populations. In 2008, the Department of Defense U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine report recommended that military personnel should wear semirigid ankle braces during parachuting, basketball, soccer, and other similar high-risk activities to reduce ankle sprain injuries. This recommendation was developed using a majority of athletic references with limited data stemming from military works. Of these included military studies, none presented data on ankle braces and their effects on performance, especially in military-specific environments. The purpose of this review was to provide an up-to-date account on the use of ankle braces in military populations and effects on performance measures. A comprehensive online systematic review of the literature was conducted to delineate the current use of ankle braces in the military and how they specifically affect functional performance measures. The scope of this study eliminated military studies that were not prospective in nature or did not incorporate subjects wearing military equipment (i.e., combat boots). It was determined that little progress has been made in validating the use of semirigid ankle braces in military populations other than in instances such as parachuting and only in reducing the number ankle injuries. To date, only one study has looked specifically at the use of ankle braces and its effects on performance measures in a military sample. With the high incidence rate and increased risk for subsequent reinjury, ankle sprains are an economic and force readiness burden to the U.S. Armed Forces. This study was conducted to determine whether additional literature was available for the use of ankle braces on performance measures in the military. It was determined that there is a scarcity of information currently available on the use of ankle braces in military populations, outside of parachuting activities. The Department of Defense recommendation of using semirigid ankle braces may ultimately be beneficial to a multitude of high-risk military activities, but further research must be conducted to determine possible detrimental performance effects. Reprint & Copyright © 2017 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Aeroservoelastic Wind-Tunnel Test of the SUGAR Truss Braced Wing Wind-Tunnel Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scott, Robert C.; Allen, Timothy J.; Funk, Christie J.; Castelluccio, Mark A.; Sexton, Bradley W.; Claggett, Scott; Dykman, John; Coulson, David A.; Bartels, Robert E.

2015-01-01

The Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) Truss-Braced Wing (TBW) aeroservoelastic (ASE) wind-tunnel test was conducted in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT) and was completed in April, 2014. The primary goals of the test were to identify the open-loop flutter boundary and then demonstrate flutter suppression. A secondary goal was to demonstrate gust load alleviation (GLA). Open-loop flutter and limit cycle oscillation onset boundaries were identified for a range of Mach numbers and various angles of attack. Two sets of control laws were designed for the model and both sets of control laws were successful in suppressing flutter. Control laws optimized for GLA were not designed; however, the flutter suppression control laws were assessed using the TDT Airstream Oscillation System. This paper describes the experimental apparatus, procedures, and results of the TBW wind-tunnel test. Acquired system ID data used to generate ASE models is also discussed.2 study.

A global view of F-region electron density and temperature at solar maximum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brace, L. H.; Theis, R. F.; Hoegy, W. R.

1982-01-01

It is pointed out that the thermal structure of the ionosphere represents a quasi-static balance between a variety of heat sources and sinks which vary spatially and temporally on a wide range of time scales. The present investigation has the objective to present selected early results from the Dynamics Explorer-2 (DE-2) Langmuir probe instrument and to make an initial evaluation of how the thermal structure of the ionosphere at solar maximum differs from that observed at solar minimum. Bowen et al. (1964) and Brace and Reddy (1965) devised early empirical models of the F region electron temperature (Te), based on satellite Langmuir probe measurements at low levels of solar activity. The global structure of Te and the electron density (Ne) obtained in the current investigation is not very different from that reported by Brace and Reddy. The primary difference at solar maximum is that Ne is everywhere much higher, but Te differs only in detail.

Current knowledge of scoliosis in physiotherapy students trained in the United Kingdom.

PubMed

Black, D A Jason; Pilcher, Christine; Drake, Shawn; Maude, Erika; Glynn, David

2017-01-01

It has been highlighted in both Poland and the United States of America (USA) that knowledge of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) among physiotherapy students is limited with respect to the 2011 International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT) guidelines. Early detection of scoliosis and correct initial management is essential in effective care, and thus physiotherapists should be aware of the basic criteria for diagnosis and indications for treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the basic knowledge of IS in physiotherapy students trained in the United Kingdom (UK). A previously designed and tested 10-question survey, including knowledge of the 2011 SOSORT guidelines, was transcribed onto an online-survey platform. Questions were designed to analyse knowledge of definition, cause, development, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and bracing of scoliosis. All UK universities offering physiotherapy degrees were invited to participate, with the programme lead of each institution asked to distribute the questionnaire to all penultimate and final year physiotherapy students (bachelor's and master's degrees). The final number of students who received the study invitation is unknown. The survey link closed after 8 weeks of data collection. Two hundred and six students, split over 12 institutions, successfully completed the questionnaire. Analysis showed that 79% of students recognised when IS is likely to develop, yet only 52% recognised that IS's aetiology is unknown. Eighty-eight percent of students incorrectly defined IS as a 2-dimensional deformity, with only 24% successfully recognising the prevalence of IS within the scoliosis population. Just 12% knew the criteria for diagnosis; however, 93% were unable to recognise the appropriate treatment approach through therapeutic exercise. Finally, 54% of students managed to identify correctly when bracing is recommended for IS. In comparison to previous studies within the USA, students in the UK performed worse in relation to all questions except treatment (7% answered correctly vs 3% in the American study). With only 7% of students able to answer > 50% of the survey questions correctly, there is a clear lack of knowledge of appropriate IS diagnosis and care which could directly impact the information these patients are given within the first contact primary care in the UK.

The Effectiveness of a Functional Knee Brace on Joint-Position Sense in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Reconstructed Individuals.

PubMed

Sugimoto, Dai; LeBlanc, Jessica C; Wooley, Sarah E; Micheli, Lyle J; Kramer, Dennis E

2016-05-01

It is estimated that approximately 350,000 individuals undergo anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery in each year in the US. Although ACL-reconstruction surgery and postoperative rehabilitation are successfully completed, deficits in postural control remain prevalent in ACL-reconstructed individuals. In order to assist the lack of balance ability and reduce the risk of retear of the reconstructed ACL, physicians often provide a functional knee brace on the patients' return to physical activity. However, it is not known whether use of the functional knee brace enhances knee-joint position sense in individuals with ACL reconstruction. Thus, the effect of a functional knee brace on knee-joint position sense in an ACL-reconstructed population needs be critically appraised. After systematically review of previously published literature, 3 studies that investigated the effect of a functional knee brace in ACL-reconstructed individuals using joint-position-sense measures were found. They were rated as level 2b evidence in the Centre of Evidence Based Medicine Level of Evidence chart. Synthesis of the reviewed studies indicated inconsistent evidence of a functional knee brace on joint-position improvement after ACL reconstruction. More research is needed to provide sufficient evidence on the effect of a functional knee brace on joint-position sense after ACL reconstruction. Future studies need to measure joint-position sense in closed-kinetic-chain fashion since ACL injury usually occurs under weight-bearing conditions.

A systematic review on the treatment of acute ankle sprain: brace versus other functional treatment types.

PubMed

Kemler, Ellen; van de Port, Ingrid; Backx, Frank; van Dijk, C Niek

2011-03-01

Ankle injuries, especially ankle sprains, are a common problem in sports and medical care. Ankle sprains result in pain and absenteeism from work and/or sports participation, and can lead to physical restrictions such as ankle instability. Nowadays, treatment of ankle injury basically consists of taping the ankle. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of ankle braces as a treatment for acute ankle sprains compared with other types of functional treatments such as ankle tape and elastic bandages. A computerized literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Clinical Trial Register. This review includes randomized controlled trials in English, German and Dutch, published between 1990 and April 2009 that compared ankle braces as a treatment for lateral ankle sprains with other functional treatments. The inclusion criteria for this systematic review were (i) individuals (sports participants as well as non-sports participants) with an acute injury of the ankle (acute ankle sprains); (ii) use of an ankle brace as primary treatment for acute ankle sprains; (iii) control interventions including any other type of functional treatment (e.g. Tubigrip™, elastic wrap or ankle tape); and (iv) one of the following reported outcome measures: re-injuries, symptoms (pain, swelling, instability), functional outcomes and/or time to resumption of sports, daily activities and/or work. Eight studies met all inclusion criteria. Differences in outcome measures, intervention types and patient characteristics precluded pooling of the results, so best evidence syntheses were conducted. A few individual studies reported positive outcomes after treatment with an ankle brace compared with other functional methods, but our best evidence syntheses only demonstrated a better treatment result in terms of functional outcome. Other studies have suggested that ankle brace treatment is a more cost-effective method, so the use of braces after acute ankle sprains should be considered. Further research should focus on economic evaluation and on different types of ankle brace, to examine the strengths and weaknesses of ankle braces for the treatment of acute ankle sprains. © 2011 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.

Do Knee Bracing and Delayed Weight Bearing Affect Mid-Term Functional Outcome after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?

PubMed

Di Miceli, Riccardo; Marambio, Carlotta Bustos; Zati, Alessandro; Monesi, Roberta; Benedetti, Maria Grazia

2017-12-01

Purpose  The aim of this study was to assess the effect of knee bracing and timing of full weight bearing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on functional outcomes at mid-term follow-up. Methods  We performed a retrospective study on 41 patients with ACLR. Patients were divided in two groups: ACLR group, who received isolated ACL reconstruction and ACLR-OI group who received ACL reconstruction and adjunctive surgery. Information about age at surgery, bracing, full or progressive weight bearing permission after surgery were collected for the two groups. Subjective IKDC score was obtained at follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups for IKDC score. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess the effect of postoperative regimen (knee bracing and weight bearing) on functional outcomes. Results  The mean age of patients was 30.8 ± 10.6 years. Mean IKDC score was 87.4 ± 13.9. The mean follow-up was 3.5 ± 1.8 years. Twenty-two (53.7%) patients underwent ACLR only, while 19 (46.3%) also received other interventions, such as meniscal repair and/or collateral ligament suture. Analysis of overall data showed no differences between the groups for IKDC score. Patients in the ACLR group exhibited a significantly better IKDC score when no brace and full weight bearing after 4 weeks from surgery was prescribed in comparison with patients who worn a brace and had delayed full weight bearing. No differences were found with respect to the use of brace and postoperative weight bearing regimen in the ACLR-OI group. Conclusion  Brace and delayed weight bearing after ACLR have a negative influence on long-term functional outcomes. Further research is required to explore possible differences in the patients operated on ACLR and other intervention with respect to the use of a brace and the timing of full weight bearing to identify optimal recovery strategies. Level of Evidence  Level III, retrospective observational study.

Modified protrusion arch for anterior crossbite correction - a case report.

PubMed

Roy, Abhishek Singha; Singh, Gulshan Kr; Tandon, Pradeep; Chaudhary, Ramsukh

2013-01-01

Borderline and mild skeletal Class III relationships in adult patients are usually treated by orthodontic camouflage. Reasonably rood results have been achieved with nonsurgical teatment of anterior crossbite. Class III malocclusion may be associated with mandibular prognathism, maxillary retrognathism, or both. Class III maxillary retrognathism generally involves anterior crossbite, which must be opened if upper labial brackets are to be bonded. If multiple teeth are in crossbite, after opening the bite usual step is to ligate forward or advancement arch made of 0.018" or 0.020" stainless steel or NiTi wire main arch that must be kept separated 2 mm from the slot ofupper incisor braces. Two stops or omegas are made 1 mm mesial to the tubes of the molar bands that will impede main arch from slipping,and in this manner the arch will push the anterior teeth forward Here we have fabricated a modified multiple loop protrusion arch to correct an anterior crossbite with severe crowding that was not amenable to correct by advancement arches.

The current status of bracing for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Stokes, O M; Luk, K D K

2013-10-01

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis affects about 3% of children. Non-operative measures are aimed at altering the natural history to maintain the size of the curve below 40° at skeletal maturity. The application of braces to treat spinal deformity pre-dates the era of evidence-based medicine, and there is a paucity of irrefutable prospective evidence in the literature to support their use and their effectiveness has been questioned. This review considers this evidence. The weight of the evidence is in favour of bracing over observation. The most recent literature has moved away from addressing this question, and instead focuses on developments in the design of braces and ways to improve compliance.

The Effects of a Functional Elbow Brace on Medial Joint Stability: A Case Study

PubMed Central

Pincivero, Danny M.; Rijke, Arie M.; Heinrichs, Kristinn; Perrin, David H.

1994-01-01

Medical elbow ligament sprains in athletics can be traumatic and disabling. In this case report, we outline the effect of a prototype functional elbow brace on joint stability in a female collegiate javelin thrower with an ulnar collateral ligament sprain. A valgus force to both elbows was applied using graded stress radiography (Telos GA-II/E stress device) at 0, 5, 10, and 15 kiloPascals (kPa) of pressure. The increase in gap width between the coronoid process and the medial epicondyle was measured from anteroposterior radiographs to determine medial displacement. The brace resulted in less displacement in both injured and noninjured ulnar collateral ligament; injured ulnar collateral ligament demonstrated greater displacement regardless of condition. The brace restored medial stability to the elbow joint by 49%, 38%, and 35% at 5, 10, and 15 kPa of pressure, respectively. The application of the brace may be useful in athletes with ulnar collateral ligament injuries. ImagesFig 1Fig 2 PMID:16558285

An Experimental Investigation on the Ultimate Strength of Partially Infilled: Braced Steel Frames

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubey, Shailendra Kumar Damodar; Kute, Sunil Y.

2017-12-01

Infilled walls are usually, considered as non-structural elements. However, these walls are effective in carrying lateral loads. In this regard, an experimental investigation was planned and conducted to study the effect of braced and partially infilled steel frames with cement mortar and concrete in comparison to the bare frames. All these frames were tested up to collapse and subjected only to horizontal loads to obtain an effective and possible solution for soft storey which are generally not infilled. In comparison to bare steel frames, partially infilled frames have an increase of lateral load capacity by 45-60%. Central bracing is more effective than that of the corner bracing. For the same load partially infilled frames have significantly less deflection than that of the bare frames. A reduced load factor is suggested for the design of soft storey columns with the partial infills. A mathematical model has been proposed to calculate the theoretical ultimate load for the braced, cement mortar and concrete partial infilled frames.

Measuring breath acetone for monitoring fat loss: Review

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Objective Endogenous acetone production is a by‐product of the fat metabolism process. Because of its small size, acetone appears in exhaled breath. Historically, endogenous acetone has been measured in exhaled breath to monitor ketosis in healthy and diabetic subjects. Recently, breath acetone concentration (BrAce) has been shown to correlate with the rate of fat loss in healthy individuals. In this review, the measurement of breath acetone in healthy subjects is evaluated for its utility in predicting fat loss and its sensitivity to changes in physiologic parameters. Results BrAce can range from 1 ppm in healthy non‐dieting subjects to 1,250 ppm in diabetic ketoacidosis. A strong correlation exists between increased BrAce and the rate of fat loss. Multiple metabolic and respiratory factors affect the measurement of BrAce. BrAce is most affected by changes in the following factors (in descending order): dietary macronutrient composition, caloric restriction, exercise, pulmonary factors, and other assorted factors that increase fat metabolism or inhibit acetone metabolism. Pulmonary factors affecting acetone exchange in the lung should be controlled to optimize the breath sample for measurement. Conclusions When biologic factors are controlled, BrAce measurement provides a non‐invasive tool for monitoring the rate of fat loss in healthy subjects. PMID:26524104

Inelastic behavior of cold-formed braced walls under monotonic and cyclic loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerami, Mohsen; Lotfi, Mohsen; Nejat, Roya

2015-06-01

The ever-increasing need for housing generated the search for new and innovative building methods to increase speed and efficiency and enhance quality. One method is the use of light thin steel profiles as load-bearing elements having different solutions for interior and exterior cladding. Due to the increase in CFS construction in low-rise residential structures in the modern construction industry, there is an increased demand for performance inelastic analysis of CFS walls. In this study, the nonlinear behavior of cold-formed steel frames with various bracing arrangements including cross, chevron and k-shape straps was evaluated under cyclic and monotonic loading and using nonlinear finite element analysis methods. In total, 68 frames with different bracing arrangements and different ratios of dimensions were studied. Also, seismic parameters including resistance reduction factor, ductility and force reduction factor due to ductility were evaluated for all samples. On the other hand, the seismic response modification factor was calculated for these systems. It was concluded that the highest response modification factor would be obtained for walls with bilateral cross bracing systems with a value of 3.14. In all samples, on increasing the distance of straps from each other, shear strength increased and shear strength of the wall with bilateral bracing system was 60 % greater than that with lateral bracing system.

Measuring breath acetone for monitoring fat loss: Review.

PubMed

Anderson, Joseph C

2015-12-01

Endogenous acetone production is a by-product of the fat metabolism process. Because of its small size, acetone appears in exhaled breath. Historically, endogenous acetone has been measured in exhaled breath to monitor ketosis in healthy and diabetic subjects. Recently, breath acetone concentration (BrAce) has been shown to correlate with the rate of fat loss in healthy individuals. In this review, the measurement of breath acetone in healthy subjects is evaluated for its utility in predicting fat loss and its sensitivity to changes in physiologic parameters. BrAce can range from 1 ppm in healthy non-dieting subjects to 1,250 ppm in diabetic ketoacidosis. A strong correlation exists between increased BrAce and the rate of fat loss. Multiple metabolic and respiratory factors affect the measurement of BrAce. BrAce is most affected by changes in the following factors (in descending order): dietary macronutrient composition, caloric restriction, exercise, pulmonary factors, and other assorted factors that increase fat metabolism or inhibit acetone metabolism. Pulmonary factors affecting acetone exchange in the lung should be controlled to optimize the breath sample for measurement. When biologic factors are controlled, BrAce measurement provides a non-invasive tool for monitoring the rate of fat loss in healthy subjects. © 2015 The Authors Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Obesity Society (TOS).

Characterising the effect of global and local geometric imperfections on the numerical performance of a brace member

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassan, M. S.; Goggins, J.; Salawdeh, S.

2015-07-01

A numerical imperfection study is carried out on a hot rolled tubular brace member under displacement controlled amplitudes. An appropriate range of global and local imperfections is used in the finite element analyses to evaluate the initial-post buckling compressive strength, lateral storey drift, energy dissipation and mid-length lateral deformation of the brace member. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the geometrical imperfection on the numerical performance, and to determine an amplitude range that can be used unequivocally for numerical modelling of brace members. It is shown that the amplitude of global imperfections has an effect on the initial response, whereas the amplitude of local imperfections has influence on the resistance capacity of the brace member at higher ductility level. Based on the results, a refined range of amplitude of global and local imperfections is proposed. This range is found to have a good agreement with design standards. In addition, an already established equation to find lateral deformation is compared to results from the analyses and found that the equation with some modification can be used accurately in design. In this paper, a modification factor is proposed in the equation to find the lateral deformation to account for the imperfection amplitude in the numerical analyses of brace members.

On discrete symmetries for a whole Abelian model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chauca, J.; Doria, R.; Aprendanet, Petropolis, 25600

Considering the whole concept applied to gauge theory a nonlinear abelian model is derived. A next step is to understand on the model properties. At this work, it will be devoted to discrete symmetries. For this, we will work based in two fields reference systems. This whole gauge symmetry allows to be analyzed through different sets which are the constructor basis {l_brace}D{sub {mu}},X{sup i}{sub {mu}}{r_brace} and the physical basis {l_brace}G{sub {mu}I}{r_brace}. Taking as fields reference system the diagonalized spin-1 sector, P, C, T and PCT symmetries are analyzed. They show that under this systemic model there are conservation laws drivenmore » for the parts and for the whole. It develops the meaning of whole-parity, field-parity and so on. However it is the whole symmetry that rules. This means that usually forbidden particles as pseudovector photons can be introduced through such whole abelian system. As result, one notices that the fields whole {l_brace}G{sub {mu}I}{r_brace} manifest a quanta diversity. It involves particles with different spins, masses and discrete quantum numbers under a same gauge symmetry. It says that without violating PCT symmetry different possibilities on discrete symmetries can be accommodated.« less

The effects of a semi-rigid ankle brace on a simulated isolated subtalar joint instability.

PubMed

Choisne, Julie; Hoch, Matthew C; Bawab, Sebastian; Alexander, Ian; Ringleb, Stacie I

2013-12-01

Subtalar joint instability is hypothesized to occur after injuries to the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) in isolation or in combination with the cervical and the talocalcaneal interosseous ligaments. A common treatment for hindfoot instability is the application of an ankle brace. However, the ability of an ankle brace to promote subtalar joint stability is not well established. We assessed the kinematics of the subtalar joint, ankle, and hindfoot in the presence of isolated subtalar instability, investigated the effect of bracing in a CFL deficient foot and with a total rupture of the intrinsic ligaments, and evaluated how maximum inversion range of motion is affected by the position of the ankle in the sagittal plane. Kinematics from nine cadaveric feet were collected with the foot placed in neutral, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion. Motion was applied with and without a brace on an intact foot and after sequentially sectioning the CFL and the intrinsic ligaments. Isolated CFL sectioning increased ankle joint inversion, while sectioning the CFL and intrinsic ligaments affected subtalar joint stability. The brace limited inversion at the subtalar and ankle joints. Additionally, examining the foot in dorsiflexion reduced ankle and subtalar joint motion. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ankle Spatting Compared to Bracing or Taping during Maximal-Effort Sprint Drills

PubMed Central

REUTER, GRANT D; DAHL, ANGELA R; SENCHINA, DAVID S

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the influences of 4 ankle conditions (no support, bracing, taping, taping + spatting; all in football cleats) during 2 maximal-effort field drills (40-yd dash and 34-yd cutting drill) on perceptions of comfort and stability and performance outcomes. Fourteen young adult males participated. Subjects’ perceptions of comfort and stability were assessed by visual analogue scales after each drill for each ankle condition. Time-to-completion and post-completion heart rate were recorded. For both drills, significant differences in comfort perception were found such that subjects perceived no support as equivocal to bracing but more comfortable than either taping or spatting + taping. Stability results differed by drill. For the dash, significant differences in stability perception were found such that subjects perceived no support as equivocal to bracing but less stable than either taping or spatting + taping. By contrast, for the cutting drill significant differences in stability perception were found such that subjects perceived their ankles as less stable during the no support condition as compared to all 3 other conditions. Generally, bracing was perceived as equivocal to all 3 other conditions for comfort and stability. There were no significant differences in time-to-completion or heart rate for any comparison. Compared to bracing or taping, spatting + taping (a) did not influence performance time in explosive/sprint-type drills, (b) was perceived as equivalent to taping alone in terms of ankle comfort and stability, and (c) was perceived as equivalent to bracing in terms of stability but not comfort. PMID:27478530

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rakshit, S.K.; Naik, Y.P.; Parida, S.C.

Three ternary oxides LiAl{sub 5}O{sub 8}(s), LiAlO{sub 2}(s) and Li{sub 5}AlO{sub 4}(s) in the system Li-Al-O were prepared by solid-state reaction route and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction method. Equilibrium partial pressure of CO{sub 2}(g) over the three-phase mixtures {l_brace}LiAl{sub 5}O{sub 8}(s)+Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}(s)+5Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(s){r_brace}, {l_brace}LiAl{sub 5}O{sub 8}(s)+5LiAlO{sub 2}(s)+2Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}(s){r_brace} and {l_brace}LiAlO{sub 2}(s)+Li{sub 5}AlO{sub 4}(s)+2Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}(s){r_brace} were measured using Knudsen effusion quadrupole mass spectrometry (KEQMS). Solid-state galvanic cell technique based on calcium fluoride electrolyte was used to determine the standard molar Gibbs energies of formations of these aluminates. The standard molar Gibbs energies of formation of thesemore » three aluminates calculated from KEQMS and galvanic cell measurements were in good agreement. Heat capacities of individual ternary oxides were measured from 127 to 868 K using differential scanning calorimetry. Thermodynamic tables representing the values of {delta}{sub f}H{sup 0}(298.15 K), S{sup 0}(298.15 K) S{sup 0}(T), C{sub p}{sup 0}(T), H{sup 0}(T), {l_brace}H{sup 0}(T)-H{sup 0}(298.15 K){r_brace}, G{sup 0}(T), {delta}{sub f}H{sup 0}(T), {delta}{sub f}G{sup 0}(T) and free energy function (fef) were constructed using second law analysis and FACTSAGE thermo-chemical database software. - Graphical abstract: Comparison of {delta}{sub f}G{sub m}{sup 0} of ternary oxides determined from KEQMS and solid-state galvanic cell techniques. (O) KEQMS, (9632;) solid-state galvanic cell and solid line: combined fit of both the experimental data.« less

Combined versus individual effects of a valgus knee brace and lateral wedge foot orthotic during stair use in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Moyer, Rebecca; Birmingham, Trevor; Dombroski, Colin; Walsh, Robert; Giffin, J Robert

2017-05-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the combined and individual biomechanical effects of a valgus knee brace and a lateral wedge foot orthotic during stair ascent and descent in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Thirty-five patients with varus alignment and medial knee OA were prescribed a custom valgus knee brace and lateral wedge foot orthotic. Knee angles and moments in the frontal and sagittal planes were determined from 3D gait analysis completed under four randomized conditions: (1) control (no knee brace or foot orthotic), (2) knee brace, (3) foot orthotic, and (4) combined knee brace and foot orthotic. Additional measures included the vertical ground reaction force, trunk lean, toe out and gait speed. During the combined use of a knee brace and foot orthotic, significant decreases in the knee adduction angle (2.17, 95%CI: 0.50-3.84, p=0.013) and 2nd peak EKAM (0.35, 95%CI: 0.17-0.52, p<0.001) were observed during stair descent; and significant increases in the EKFM were observed during stair ascent (0.54, 95%CI: 0.30-0.78, p<0.001) and descent (1stpk: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.15-0.80, p=0.005; 2ndpk: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.34-0.76, p<0.001). Fewer gait compensations were observed between conditions during stair descent compared to ascent, except for toe out. Findings suggest greater effects on gait when both knee brace and foot orthotic are used together, resulting in a more normal gait pattern. However, whether or not a true change in knee joint load can be inferred when using these orthoses remains unclear. Further research is required to determine the clinical importance of the observed changes. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Female patients' and parents' assessment of deformity- and brace-related stress in the conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Misterska, Ewa; Glowacki, Maciej; Latuszewska, Joanna

2012-06-15

A cross-sectional analysis of parents' and patients' perceptions of deformity- and brace-related stress regarding conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the agreement between patients' and parents' assessments of emotional stress and to compare these assessments with radiographical measurements of spinal deformity. Conservative treatment in patients with scoliosis may cause emotional stress. To our knowledge, no group has ever reported patient and parental estimation of stress related to wearing a brace and spinal deformity in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Sixty-three pairs of parents and girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with a Cheneau brace were separately asked to complete the Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity and the Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace. The age range of the patients was from 10 to 17 years. Patients were assessed at a mean of 14.12 (SD, 10.99) months after the start of the conservative treatment. Patients thought that a moderate level of stress was connected with conservative treatment; however, the stress level, related to perceived trunk deformation, was low. From the parents' perspective, patients experienced a moderate level of stress during conservative treatment and related to spinal deformity. The study groups differ in their perception of stress levels due to body disfigurement but not during the conservative treatment. Parent-patient stress-level disparities were not related to body mass index, age of the patient, brace application, and radiographical measurements of spinal deformity. Patients and parents perceive the emotional stress related to brace treatment in the same way; however, parents overestimate the assessment of stress levels related to body deformity. From the perspective of patients and parents, brace wearing increased the level of stress induced by the deformity alone. Complete assessment of conservative treatment should include evaluation of emotional stress from the perspective of patients and parents.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Uemura, Kazuhiro, E-mail: k_uemura@gifu-u.ac.j; Onishi, Fumiaki; Yamasaki, Yukari

NO{sub 2} containing dicarboxylate bridging ligands, nitroterephthalate (bdc-NO{sub 2}) and 2,5-dinitroterephthalate (bdc-(NO{sub 2}){sub 2}), afford porous coordination polymers, {l_brace}[Zn{sub 2}(bdc-NO{sub 2}){sub 2}(dabco)].solvents{r_brace}{sub n} (2 contains solvents) and {l_brace}[Zn{sub 2}(bdc-(NO{sub 2}){sub 2}){sub 2}(dabco)].solvents{r_brace}{sub n} (3 contains solvents). Both compounds form jungle-gym-type regularities, where a 2D square grid composed of dinuclear Zn{sub 2} units and dicarboxylate ligands is bridged by dabco molecules to extend the 2D layers into a 3D structure. In 2 contains solvents and 3 contains solvents, a rectangle pore surrounded by eight Zn{sub 2} corners contains two and four NO{sub 2} moieties, respectively. Thermal gravimetry (TG) and X-ray powdermore » diffraction (XRPD) measurements reveal that both compounds maintain the frameworks regularities without guest molecules and with solvents such as MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH, and Me{sub 2}CO. Adsorption measurements reveal that dried 2 and 3 adsorb H{sub 2}O molecules to be {l_brace}[Zn{sub 2}(bdc-NO{sub 2}){sub 2}(dabco)].4H{sub 2}O{r_brace}{sub n} (2 contains 4H{sub 2}O) and {l_brace}[Zn{sub 2}(bdc-(NO{sub 2}){sub 2}){sub 2}(dabco)].6H{sub 2}O{r_brace}{sub n} (3 contains 6H{sub 2}O), showing the pore hydrophilicity enhancement caused by NO{sub 2} group introduction. - Graphical abstract: Two hydrophilic porous coordination polymers, [Zn{sub 2}(bdc-NO{sub 2}){sub 2}(dabco)]{sub n} (2, bdc-NO{sub 2}=nitroterephthalate, dabco=1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) and [Zn{sub 2}(bdc-(NO{sub 2}){sub 2}){sub 2}(dabco)]{sub n} (3, bdc-(NO{sub 2}){sub 2}=2,5-dinitroterephthalate), have been synthesized and characterized by single X-ray analyses, thermal gravimetry, and adsorption measurements.« less

Synthesis, characterization, and fluorescent properties of two Pb(II) complexes: {l_brace}[Pb(hca){sub 2}.DMF].DMF{r_brace} {sub {infinity}} and [Pb(hca){sub 2}(phen).DMF]{sub 2}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu Qingfeng; Zhou Qiuxuan; Lu Jianmei

2007-01-15

Two novel Pb(II) complexes, {l_brace}[Pb(hca){sub 2}.DMF].DMF{r_brace} {sub {infinity}} and [Pb(hca){sub 2}(phen).DMF]{sub 2} (hca=trans-4-hydroxycinnamic group), were obtained by solid-phase reactions of PbAc{sub 2} and Hhca and PbAc{sub 2}, Hhca, and phen, respectively, and characterized by spectroscopy. X-ray crystallography analysis reveals that complex 1, {l_brace}[Pb(hca){sub 2}.DMF].DMF{r_brace} {sub {infinity}} , adopts a 2-dimensional structure through the weak interactions of Pb and O atoms and that complex 2, [Pb(hca){sub 2}(phen).DMF]{sub 2}, shows a discrete dimeric structure, in which hydrogen bonds link the dimers into a 2D network. Both complexes 1 and 2 show visible fluorescence and the intensity is stronger than that of themore » ligand. More interestingly, the intensity of emission was increased at least fivefolds when the pH of the solution was adjusted to alkalinity. This can be attributed to that the deprotonization of phenolic group enhancing the conjugation of the ligand hca. These results indicate that this method may be an effective way to increase the emission intensity of similar complexes. - Graphical abstract: Two novel Pb(II) complexes: {l_brace}[Pb(hca){sub 2}.DMF].DMF{r_brace}{sub {infinity}} and [Pb(hca){sub 2}(phen).DMF]{sub 2}, (hca = trans-4-hydroxycinnamic anion) were obtained and characterized. Their structures are also determined by X-ray crystal analysis. Both of complexes in DMF solution show visible fluorescence and the intensity is stronger than that of ligand. Their emission intensities are increased greatly in an alkaline solution of pH 8, which is due to the enhancement of the planar conjugation of ligand hca with the deprotonate of the phenolic group.« less

In defense of adolescents: They really do use braces for the hours prescribed, if good help is provided. Results from a prospective everyday clinic cohort using thermobrace

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The effectiveness of bracing relies on the quality of the brace, compliance of the patient, and some disease factors. Patients and parents tend to overestimate adherence, so an objective assessment of compliance has been developed through the use of heat sensors. In 2010 we started the everyday clinical use of a temperature sensor, and the aim of this study is to present our initial results. Methods Population: A prospective cohort of 68 scoliosis patients that finished at least 4 months of brace treatment on March 31, 2011: 48 at their first evaluation (79% females, age 14.2±2.4) and 20 already in treatment. Treatment: Bracing (SPoRT concept); physiotherapic specific exercises (SEAS School); team approach according to the SOSORT Bracing Management Guidelines. Methods. A heat sensor, “Thermobrace” (TB), has been validated and applied to the brace. The real (measured by TB) and referred (reported by the patient) compliances were calculated. Statistics. The distribution was not normal, hence median and 95% interval confidence (IC95) and non-parametric tests had to be used. Results Average TB use: 5.5±1.5 months. Brace prescription was 23 hours/day (h/d) (IC95 18–23), with a referred compliance of 100% (IC95 70.7-100%) and a real one of 91.7% (IC95 56.6-101.7%), corresponding to 20 h/d (IC95 11–23). The more the brace was prescribed, the more compliant the patient was (94.8% in 23 h/d vs. 73.2% in 18 h/d, P < 0.05). Sixty percent of the patients had at least 90% compliance, and 45% remained within 1 hour of what had been prescribed. Non-wearing days were 0 (IC95 0–12.95), and involved 29% of patients. Conclusion This is the first study using a TB in a setting of respect for the SOSORT criteria for bracing, and it states that it is possible to achieve a very good compliance, even with a full time prescription, and better than what was previously reported (80% maximum). We hypothesize that the treating team (SOSORT criteria) plays a major role in our results. This study suggests that compliance is neither due to the type of treatment only nor to the patient alone. According to our experience, TB offers valuable insights and do not undermine the relationship with the patients. PMID:22651570

Orthodontia - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... window. Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Orthodontics: Braces ... for me? - English PDF Orthodontics: Braces ... for me? - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) ...

A tool for teaching the B-Lynch brace suture method: an inexpensive new simulator allows obstetricians to polish an essential technique.

PubMed

Pereira, Nigel; Delvadia, Dipak

2013-12-01

The B-Lynch brace suture is invaluable in the surgical management of postpartum hemorrhage, particularly as a fertility-sparing alternative to hysterectomy. In this video, we show how to create a low-cost simulator to teach the B-Lynch brace suture technique, followed by the intraoperative application of the same technique. Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Polymorphic transformation of dense ZnO nanoparticles: Implications for chair/boat-type Peierls distortions of AB semiconductor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, S.-Y.; Shen Pouyan; Jiang Jianzhong

2004-12-08

Peierls distortion path was proved experimentally for dense ZnO nanoparticles prepared by static compression. Electron irradiation caused rock salt (R) to wurtzite (W) transition, following preferential (11-bar1){sub R}//(01-bar11){sub W}; [011]{sub R}//[1-bar21-bar3]{sub W} and then transformation strain induced (111-bar){sub R}//(1-bar011){sub W}; [011]{sub R}//[011-bar1]{sub W}. The two relationships can be rationalized by specified extent of chair- and boat-type Peierls distortions accompanied with band gap opening and intermediate {l_brace}111{r_brace}{sub R} slip for energetically favorable {l_brace}111{r_brace}{sub R}/(01-bar11){sub W} match.

Cost effectiveness of brace, physiotherapy, or both for treatment of tennis elbow

PubMed Central

Struijs, P A A; Bos, I B C Korthals‐de; van Tulder, M W; van Dijk, C N; Bouter, L M

2006-01-01

Background The annual incidence of tennis elbow in the general population is high (1–3%). Tennis elbow often leads to limitation of activities of daily living and work absenteeism. Physiotherapy and braces are the most common treatments. Objectives The hypothesis of the trial was that no difference exists in the cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, braces, and a combination of the two for treatment of tennis elbow. Methods The trial was designed as a randomised controlled trial with intention to treat analysis. A total of 180 patients with tennis elbow were randomised to brace only (n  =  68), physiotherapy (n  =  56), or a combination of the two (n  =  56). Outcome measures were success rate, severity of complaints, pain, functional disability, and quality of life. Follow up was at six, 26, and 52 weeks. Direct healthcare and non‐healthcare costs and indirect costs were measured. Mean cost differences over 12 months were evaluated by applying non‐parametric bootstrap techniques. Results No clinically relevant or statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Success rate at 12 months was 89% in the physiotherapy group, 86% in the brace group, and 87% in the combination group. Mean total costs per patient were €2069 in the brace only group, €978 in the physiotherapy group, and €1256 in the combination group. The mean difference in total costs between the physiotherapy and brace group was substantial (€1005), although not significant. Cost effectiveness ratios and cost utility ratios showed physiotherapy to be the most cost effective, although this also was not statistically significant. Conclusion No clinically relevant or statistically significant differences in costs were identified between the three strategies. PMID:16687482

A Survey of Parachute Ankle Brace Breakages

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-10

experience an ankle fracture , and 1.75 times more likely to experience an ankle injury of any type. Injuries to other parts of the lower body...A SURVEY OF PARACHUTE ANKLE BRACE BREAKAGES USACHPPM REPORT NO. 12-MA01Q2A-08 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704...CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE A Survey of Parachute Ankle Brace Breakages 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5d. PROJECT NUMBER

Effect of kinesiotaping, non-elastic taping and bracing on segmental foot kinematics during drop landing in healthy subjects and subjects with chronic ankle instability.

PubMed

Kuni, B; Mussler, J; Kalkum, E; Schmitt, H; Wolf, S I

2016-09-01

To evaluate the effects of kinesiotape, non-elastic tape, and soft brace on segmental foot kinematics during drop landing in subjects with chronic ankle instability and healthy subjects. Controlled study with repeated measurements. Three-dimensional motion analysis laboratory. Twenty participants with chronic ankle instability and 20 healthy subjects. The subjects performed drop landings with 17 retroreflective markers on the foot and lower leg in four conditions: barefoot, with kinesiotape, with non-elastic tape and with a soft brace. Ranges of motion of foot segments using a foot measurement method. In participants with chronic ankle instability, midfoot movement in the frontal plane (inclination of the medial arch) was reduced significantly by non-elastic taping, but kinesiotaping and bracing had no effect. In healthy subjects, both non-elastic taping and bracing reduced that movement. In both groups, non-elastic taping and bracing reduced rearfoot excursion in inversion/eversion significantly, which indicates a stabilisation effect. No such effect was found with kinesiotaping. All three methods reduced maximum plantar flexion significantly. Non-elastic taping stabilised the midfoot best in patients with chronic ankle instability, while kinesiotaping did not influence foot kinematics other than to stabilise the rearfoot in the sagittal plane. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01810471. Copyright © 2015 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness of Chêneau brace treatment for idiopathic scoliosis: prospective study in 79 patients followed to skeletal maturity

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Progressive idiopathic scoliosis can negatively influence the development and functioning of 2-3% of adolescents, with health consequences and economic costs, placing the disease in the centre of interest of the developmental medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Chêneau brace in the management of idiopathic scoliosis. Methods A prospective observational study according to SOSORT and SRS recommendations comprised 79 patients (58 girls and 21 boys) with progressive idiopathic scoliosis, treated with Chêneau brace and physiotherapy, with initial Cobb angle between 20 and 45 degrees, no previous brace treatment, Risser 4 or more at the final evaluation and minimum one year follow-up after weaning the brace. Achieving 50° of Cobb angle was considered surgical recommendation. Results At follow-up 20 patients (25.3%) improved, 18 patients (22.8%) were stable, 31 patients (39.2%) progressed below 50 degrees and 10 patients (12.7%) progressed beyond 50 degrees (2 of these 10 patients progressed beyond 60 degrees). Progression concerned the younger and less skeletally mature patients. Conclusion Conservative treatment with Chêneau orthosis and physiotherapy was effective in halting scoliosis progression in 48.1% of patients. The results of this study suggest that bracing is effective in reducing the incidence of surgery in comparison with natural history. PMID:21266084

The effect of a modified Boston brace with anti-rotatory blades on the progression of curves in idiopathic scoliosis: aetiologic implications.

PubMed

Grivas, Theodoros B; Vasiliadis, Elias; Chatziargiropoulos, Theodoros; Polyzois, Vassilios D; Gatos, Konstandinos

2003-01-01

The effect of a modified Boston brace with anti-rotatory blades on idiopathic scoliotic curves, mainly right thoracic with a compensatory left lumbar, was studied. Twenty-eight scoliotic children divided into three sub-groups according to the curve type were included in the study. Cobb angle and rotation was measured on posteroanterior spinal radiographs taken during the first examination and also during the follow-up with the children in and out of the brace. Ten curves improved, 13 remained stable and 5 increased (Cobb angle change >5 degrees compared with the initial measurement). The brace treatment had more affect on the double curves, while single curves remained unaffected. Rotation remained unchanged in all curve types except in the lumbar component of double (right thoracic-left lumbar) curves. These findings indicate that in curves with a compensatory component (e.g. main thoracic with compensatory lumbar curve), a deforming rotatory force, which is blocked by the de-rotatory action of the blades of the above-modified Boston brace, is present and seems to be more active in the lumbar spine. It is hypothesized that this deforming rotatory force seems to be a major aetiological factor for double curves. In conclusion the conservative treatment using this brace is beneficially affecting the natural history of IS in children.

New Generation Lockable Knee Brace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

A knee brace that uses Space Shuttle propulsion technology has moved a step closer to being available to help knee injury and stroke patients and may possibly benefit patients with birth defects, spinal cord injuries, and post-polio conditions. After years of hard work, inventors at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, have turned over the final design and prototype to industry partners at Horton's Orthotic Lab in Little Rock, Arkansas for further clinical testing. The device, called the Selectively Lockable Knee Brace, may mean faster, less painful rehabilitation for patients by allowing the knee to move when weight is not on the heel. Devices currently on the market lock the knee in a rigid, straight-leg position, or allow continuous free motion. The knee brace is just one example of how space technology is being used to improve the lives of people on Earth. NASA's MSFC inventors Michael Shadoan and Neill Myers are space propulsion engineers who use the same mechanisms and materials to build systems for rockets that they used to design and develop the knee brace.

Collapse of the Ia{bar 3}d cubic symmetry by uniaxial stretching of a double-gyroid block copolymer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sakurai, Shinichi; Isobe, Daisuke; Okamoto, Shigeru

2001-06-01

We report an experimental observation of collapse of the Ia{bar 3}d symmetry by stretching of an elastomeric block copolymer that forms a double-gyroid (DG) microdomain structure. Some new diffraction spots were observed for a deformed DG structure. These spots were assigned to {l_brace}110{r_brace} and {l_brace}200{r_brace} reflections. For the Ia{bar 3}d symmetry, these reflections are prohibited by the extinction rule and therefore none of them appeared for the sample before deformation. Appearance of these reflections indicates breakdown of the extinction rule and can be explained as a result of collapse of the symmetry of glide when three-dimensional DG networks are partiallymore » ruptured upon stretching.« less

The B-Lynch uterine brace suture, and a bit of this and a bit of that...

PubMed

Karoshi, Mahantesh

2010-03-01

The widespread application of the B-Lynch brace suture to control postpartum hemorrhage has sparked interest in a variety of adjunctive methods, used alone or in combination, to control uterine bleeding. Although the B-Lynch brace suture has been used with good results throughout the world, failures can and do occur in rare instances, especially when the suture is incorrectly placed for use for an inappropriate indication. Four reports of additional methods to control postpartum hemorrhage are published in this issue of IJGO. Three use the B-Lynch brace suture combined with other techniques. The need for additional techniques reminds the reader of the importance of proper suture application for proper indication. Potential reasons for failure of the B-Lynch suture are provided.

A method for deriving lower bounds for the complexity of monotone arithmetic circuits computing real polynomials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gashkov, Sergey B; Sergeev, Igor' S

2012-10-31

This work suggests a method for deriving lower bounds for the complexity of polynomials with positive real coefficients implemented by circuits of functional elements over the monotone arithmetic basis {l_brace}x+y, x {center_dot} y{r_brace} Union {l_brace}a {center_dot} x | a Element-Of R{sub +}{r_brace}. Using this method, several new results are obtained. In particular, we construct examples of polynomials of degree m-1 in each of the n variables with coefficients 0 and 1 having additive monotone complexity m{sup (1-o(1))n} and multiplicative monotone complexity m{sup (1/2-o(1))n} as m{sup n}{yields}{infinity}. In this form, the lower bounds derived here are sharp. Bibliography: 72 titles.

NASA Technology Benefits Orthotics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, Neill; Shadoan, Michael

1998-01-01

Engineers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama have designed a knee brace to aid in the rehabilitation of medical patients. The device, called the Selectively Lockable Knee Brace, was designed for knee injury and stroke patients but may potentially serve in many more patient applications. Individuals with sports related injuries, spinal cord injuries and birth defects, such as spina bifida, may also benefit from the device. The Selectively Lockable Knee Brace is designed to provide secure support to the patient when weight is applied to the leg; however; when the leg is not supporting weight, the device allows free motion of the knee joint. Braces currently on the market lock the knee in a rigid, straight or bent position, or by manually pulling a pin, allow continuous free joint motion.

20. WEB / DECK / LATERAL BRACING DETAIL OF THROUGH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. WEB / DECK / LATERAL BRACING DETAIL OF THROUGH TRUSSES. VIEW TO WEST. - Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge, Spanning Missouri River on Highway 30 between Nebraska & Iowa, Blair, Washington County, NE

54. VIEW SHOWING THE PLACEMENT OF SPIDER WEB BRACING, SHOOFLY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

54. VIEW SHOWING THE PLACEMENT OF SPIDER WEB BRACING, SHOOFLY BRIDGE, January 1935 - Sacramento River Bridge, Spanning Sacramento River at California State Highway 275, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

New rain shed (Building No. 241) interior showing posts, braces, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

New rain shed (Building No. 241) interior showing posts, braces, and roof structure. - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI

31. Underside of tracks showing columns, concreteencased Ibeams, lateral bracing, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. Underside of tracks showing columns, concrete-encased I-beams, lateral bracing, and ramps. Looking south. - Stillwell Avenue Station, Intersection of Stillwell & Surf Avenues, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

Going to the Orthodontist

MedlinePlus

... to have his braces checked. One day the dentist told Lamar's mom that Lamar should see an ... say: or-thoh-DONtist) is a type of dentist. Using braces, retainers , and other devices, an orthodontist ...

Finite State Control of a Variable Impedance Hybrid Neuroprosthesis for Locomotion after Paralysis

PubMed Central

Bulea, Thomas C.; Kobetic, R.; Audu, M.L.; Schnellenberger, J.; Triolo, R.J.

2013-01-01

We have previously reported on a novel variable impedance knee mechanism (VIKM). The VIKM was designed as a component of a hybrid neuroprosthesis to regulate knee flexion. The hybrid neuroprosthesis is a device that uses a controllable brace to support the body against collapse while stimulation provides power for movement. The hybrid neuroprosthesis requires a control system to coordinate the actions of the VIKM with the stimulation system; the development and evaluation of such a controller is presented. Brace mounted sensors and a baseline open loop stimulation pattern are utilized as control signals to activate the VIKM during stance phase while simultaneously modulating muscle stimulation in an on-off fashion. The objective is twofold: reduce the amount of stimulation necessary for walking while simultaneously restoring more biologically correct knee motion during stance using the VIKM. Custom designed hardware and software components were developed for controller implementation. The VIKM hybrid neuroprosthesis (VIKM-HNP) was evaluated during walking in one participant with thoracic level spinal cord injury. In comparison to walking with functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) alone, the VIKM-HNP restored near normal stance phase knee flexion during loading response and pre-swing phases while decreasing knee extensor stimulation by up to 40%. PMID:23193320

Minimal Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum and Carinatum.

PubMed

Pilegaard, Hans; Licht, Peter Bjørn

2017-05-01

Minimal invasive surgery has become the gold standard for surgical repair of pectus excavatum. The procedure can be performed as fast-track surgery and cosmetic results are excellent. In addition, cardiac performance improves after correction. With increased awareness on the Internet, the number of patients who seek help continues to rise, primarily for cosmetic reasons. Pectus carinatum is much less frequent than pectus excavatum. Over the past decade surgery has largely been replaced by compression techniques that use a brace, and cosmetic results are good. Rare combinations of pectus excavatum and carinatum may be treated by newer surgical methods. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ORTHOPEDIC LEG BRACE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, William Neil (Inventor)

2005-01-01

Knee braces generally have been rigid in both the knee bending direction and in the knee straightening direction unless a manually operated release is incorporated in them to allow the knee to bend. Desirably a braced knee joint should effectively duplicate the compound, complex, actions of a normal knee. The key to knee braces is the knee joint housing. The housing herein carries a number of cam action pawls. with teeth adapted to engage the internal teeth of a ratchet ring mounted in the housing. Cam action return springs and the shape of the cam action pawl teeth allow rotation of the ratchet ring in a leg straightening direction while still supporting a load. The leg can then be extended during walking while at the same time being prevented by the cam action pawls from buckling in the knee bending direction.

Hydrogen-assisted stable crack growth in iron-3 wt% silicon steel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marrow, T.J.; Prangnell, P.; Aindow, M.

1996-08-01

Observations of internal hydrogen cleavage in Fe-3Si are reported. Hydrogen-assisted stable crack growth (H-SCG) is associated with cleavage striations of a 300 nm spacing, observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). High resolution SEM revealed finer striations, previously undetected, with a spacing of approximately 30 nm. These were parallel to the coarser striations. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) also showed the fine striation spacing, and gave a striation height of approximately 15 nm. The crack front was not parallel to the striations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of crack tip plastic zones showed {l_brace}112{r_brace} and {l_brace}110{r_brace} slip, withmore » a high dislocation density (around 10{sup 14}m{sup {minus}2}). The slip plane spacing was approximately 15--30 nm. Parallel arrays of high dislocation density were observed in the wake of the hydrogen cleavage crack. It is concluded that H-ScG in Fe-3Si occurs by periodic brittle cleavage on the {l_brace}001{r_brace} planes. This is preceded by dislocation emission. The coarse striations are produced by crack tip blunting and the fine striations by dislocations attracted by image forces to the fracture surface after cleavage. The effects of temperature, pressure and yield strength on the kinetics of H-SCG can be predicted using a model for diffusion of hydrogen through the plastic zone.« less

The effect of compliance to a Rigo System Cheneau brace and a specific exercise programme on idiopathic scoliosis curvature: a comparative study: SOSORT 2014 award winner

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background There is controversy as to whether conservative management that includes wearing a brace and exercises is effective in stabilising idiopathic scoliosis curves. A brace only prevents progression of the curve and has been shown to have favourable outcomes when patients are compliant. So the aim of this study was to: determine the effect of compliance to the Rigo System Cheneau (RSC) brace and a specific exercise programme on Idiopathic Scoliosis curvature; and to compare the Quality of Life (QoL) and psychological traits of compliant and non compliant subjects. Methods A pre/post test study design was used with a post study comparison between subjects who complied with the management and those who did not. Fifty one subjects, girls aged 12-16 years, Cobb angles 20-50 degrees participated in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups, according to their compliance, at the end of the study. The compliant group wore the brace 20 or more hours a day and exercised three or more times per week. The non-compliant group wore the brace less than 20 hours a day and exercised less than three times per week. Cobb angles, vertebral rotation, scoliometer readings, peak flow, quality of life and personality traits were compared between groups, using the student’s two sample t-test and an analysis of covariance. Results The compliant group, wore the brace 21.5 hours per day and exercised four times a week, and significantly improved in all measures compared to non compliant subjects, who wore the brace 12 hours per day, exercised 1.7 times a week and significantly deteriorated (p < 0.0001). The major Cobb angles in the compliant group improved 10.19°(±5.5) and deteriorated 5.52°(±4.3) in the non compliant group (p < 0.0001). Compliant subjects had a significantly better QoL than the non compliant subjects (p = 0.001). The compliant group were significantly more emotionally mature, stable and realistic than the non compliant group (p = 0.03). Conclusions Good compliance of the RSC brace and a specific exercise regime resulted in a significant improvement in curvatures, poor compliance resulted in progression/deterioration. A poorer QoL in the non compliant group possibly was caused by personality traits of the group, being more emotionally immature and unstable. PMID:24926318

Benefit from NASA

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-12-17

A knee brace that uses Space Shuttle propulsion technology has moved a step closer to being available to help knee injury and stroke patients and may possibly benefit patients with birth defects, spinal cord injuries, and post-polio conditions. After years of hard work, inventors at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, have turned over the final design and prototype to industry partners at Horton's Orthotic Lab in Little Rock, Arkansas for further clinical testing. The device, called the Selectively Lockable Knee Brace, may mean faster, less painful rehabilitation for patients by allowing the knee to move when weight is not on the heel. Devices currently on the market lock the knee in a rigid, straight-leg position, or allow continuous free motion. Pictured here is a knee brace prototype being tested and fitted at Horton's Orthotic Lab. The knee brace is just one example of how space technology is being used to improve the lives of people on Earth. NASA's MSFC inventors Michael Shadoan and Neill Myers are space propulsion engineers who use the same mechanisms and materials to build systems for rockets that they used to design and develop the knee brace.

Single (sub)species then and now: An examination of the nonracial perspective of C. Loring Brace.

PubMed

Smith, Shelley L

2018-01-01

C. Loring Brace's writings on the concept of race have been among the most influential within anthropology. A review of the development of Brace's perspective on race shows that his philosophical approaches to fossil and modern human variation are consistent and integrated. Brace's views on race are compared with those of Ashley Montagu and Frank Livingstone, who also proposed eliminating "race" from anthropology, and with those of Stanley Garn and Alice Brues, who accepted "racial" subdivisions of humans. Carleton Coon's writings are more divergent; the aftermath of the publication of his Origin of Races highlights significant political tensions of the 1960s that intersected with scientific changes in anthropology emanating from the Evolutionary Synthesis. Recent forensic and "no race" positions are compared to explore their differences and the possibility of reconciliation, and the role of Brace and others in combating proposals of intellectual differences among human groups is discussed. While a spectrum of anthropological opinion regarding race exists, the commonalities are sufficient to allow valuable, united commentary emphasizing the complexity of modern human cultural and biological variation. © 2018 American Association of Physical Anthropologists.

8. DETAIL VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING OUTRIGGERS FOR LATERAL BRACING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. DETAIL VIEW, LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING OUTRIGGERS FOR LATERAL BRACING FOR TRUSSES AND BOTTOM CHORD CONNECTIONS. - White Bowstring Arch Truss Bridge, Spanning Yellow Creek at Cemetery Drive (Riverside Drive), Poland, Mahoning County, OH

The Basics of Braces

MedlinePlus

... that attaches to the back teeth, providing stronger force to move the teeth. The orthodontist also might recommend that your child have one or more teeth removed to create more space in his or her mouth. Once the braces ...

47. Viaduct detail showing riveted plate bracing and lattice members, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. Viaduct detail showing riveted plate bracing and lattice members, same double post as MA-46. - Broadway Bridge, Spanning Foundry Street, MBTA Yard, Fort Point Channel, & Lehigh Street, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

Cross-frame connection details for skewed steel bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-10-30

This report documents a research investigation on connection details and bracing layouts for stability : bracing of steel bridges with skewed supports. Cross-frames and diaphragms play an important role in stabilizing : steel girders, particularly du...

Different methods of treatment related to the bilateral occurrence of Perthes' disease.

PubMed

Futami, T; Suzuki, S

1997-11-01

We treated 98 consecutive patients with Perthes' disease by a unilateral brace in external rotation, flexion and abduction and a further consecutive 110 by a bilateral cast with the hips in internal rotation and abduction. During treatment in the unilateral brace, six (6.1%) hips on the opposite side developed evidence of Perthes' disease and one developed this after the brace had been removed. In children managed in bilateral casts, no contralateral Perthes' disease was seen. Adequate containment of the femoral head may prevent subsequent changes in the opposite hip.

Engineering Design of Safe Automobile Front Strut Tower Brace with Predetermined Destruction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mironenko, R. Ye; Balaev, E. Yu; Blednova, Zh M.

2018-03-01

This paper shows the developed design of an automobile front strut tower brace instantly breakable on reaching a predetermined value impact load, which allows the impact load not to be transferred to the opposite strut. An automobile front strut tower brace with the directed destruction V-shaped element using the SolidWorks and SolidWorks Simulations software complex was developed, designed and analyzed. The obtained data were confirmed experimentally. By changing geometric features of the V-shaped element, it is possible to change the impact load value required for its destruction.

Locking mechanism for orthopedic braces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chao, J. I.; Epps, C. H., Jr.

1981-01-01

An orthopedic brace locking mechanism is described which under standing or walking conditions cannot be unlocked, however under sitting conditions the mechanism can be simply unlocked so as to permit bending of the patient's knee. Other features of the device include: (1) the mechanism is rendered operable, and inoperable, dependent upon the relative inclination of the brace with respect to the ground; (2) the mechanism is automatically locked under standing or walking conditions and is manually unlocked under sitting conditions; and (3) the mechanism is light in weight and is relatively small in size.

Early proximal tibial valgus osteotomy as a very important prognostic factor in Thai children with infantile tibia vara.

PubMed

Kaewpornsawan, Kamolporn; Tangsataporn, Suksan; Jatunarapit, Ratiporn

2005-10-01

To find the effectiveness of the early surgery (2-3 years of age)as a very important prognostic factor affecting the outcomes in Thai children with infantile tibia vara and all the prognostic factors including the usefulness of arthrographic study in correcting the deformity. From 1994 to 2004, sixteen children aged average 3.61 years old (2.08-7.0) were treated in Siriraj Hospital and diagnosed as infantile tibia vara by Langenskiold radiographic staging were included in the present study and retrospectively reviewed with an average of 6.4 years follow up (range 6 month - 11.1 years). All cases were initially treated by surgery because of low compliance for brace or brace failure. They consisted of 3 boys and 13 girls. There were 24 legs including the bilateral involvement in 8 cases (2 boy and 6 girls). After arihrography, the midshaft fibular osteotomy was performed then the proximal tibial dome-shaped valgus osteotomy was done and fixed with 2 pins. The desired position was 12 degree knee valgus . The patients were divided in two groups, 1)group A,the successful group with the knee becoming normal without any deformity after single osteotomy, 2)group B,the recurrent group with recurrence of the varus deformity required further corrective osteotomies to make normal axis of the knee. All variables were analyzed and compared between group A and group B. The general characteristics and radiographic findings were recorded in 1)age, 2)sex, 3)side, 4)weight in kilogram and in percentage of normal or overweight(obesity) compared with the standard Thai weight chart, 5)tibiofemoral angle (TFA) pre and postoperative treatment, 6) metaphyseal diaphyseal angle (MDA), 7)the medial physeal slope angle (MPS, 8)The preoperative arthrographic articulo-diaphyseal angle (ADA), 9.arthrographic articulo-medial physeal angle (AMPA). There were 14 legs in group A and the remaining 10 legs were in group B (average 2.4 operations). All cases healed in good alignment of the legs without major complication. All patients who were operated on early before 3 years old were 100% cured by single osteotomy in group A(11 legs). Arthrography was useful in evaluating the knee joint and drawing the angle. Considering the prognostic factors affecting the outcomes after surgery, there were 6 prognostic factors . First, the age less than 3 years old (P<0.001). Second, the normal weight (P<0.047). Third, the Langenskiold stage 1-2 (P=0.002). Fourth, the MPS angle equal or less than 59 degree (P < 0.001). Fifth, the ADA preperative angle equal or less than 18 degrees (P<0.001). Sixth and the last factor, the TFA angle postoperative treatment, equal or more than 10 degrees valgus (mean 13 degrees valgus) (P=0.009).In multivariate analysis with stepwise logistic regression of these 6 prosnostic factors, the MPS angle had the most important significance. The proximal tibial valgus osteotomy was a very important factor(P < 0.001). The 6 prognostic factors and usefulness of arthrography were identified. The authors suggest that surgery should be performed early in Thai children who have met these criterias 1)age of the patients more than 2 years old, 2)Langenskiold roentgenographic characteristics of infantile tibia vara stage 2 or more at the time of diagnosis, 3)Low compliance for brace treatment.or brace failure but not more than 3 years old. The surgery should not be delayed more than 3 years of age by waiting for effectiveness of brace treatment in Thai children with infantile tibia vara. The early proximal valgus dome- shaped osteotomy was a very important controllable prognostic factor by surgeon decision.

Outcomes of bracing in juvenile idiopathic scoliosis until skeletal maturity or surgery.

PubMed

Khoshbin, Amir; Caspi, Liora; Law, Peggy W; Donaldson, Sandra; Stephens, Derek; da Silva, Trevor; Bradley, Catharine S; Wright, James G

2015-01-01

Retrospective comparative study. To evaluate the outcome of bracing in patients with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (JIS) at either skeletal maturity or time of scoliosis surgery. JIS is generally thought to have poor outcomes with high rates of surgical fusion. All patients with JIS between the ages of 4 and 10 years treated with a brace at the Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) between 1989 and 2011 were eligible. Data were collected from patient health records until either 2 years after skeletal maturity or date of surgery. The average age at diagnosis of 88 patients with JIS was 8.4 ± 1.4 years, with a female to male ratio of approximately 8:1. Pretreatment, Risser score was zero for 80 patients (91%); 72 (92%) of the females were premenarche; and primary Cobb angles ranged from 20° to 71°. Of the 88 patients, 60 (68%) had used a thoracolumbosacral orthosis exclusively; 28 (32%) patients used "other braces" (Milwaukee, Charleston, or a combination of braces), with an average treatment duration of 3.6 ± 1.9 years.As per Scoliosis Research Society definitions, a "non-curve-progression" (≤5° change) group consisted of 25 (28%) patients; and a "curve-progression" group consisted of 63 (72%) patients where the curve had progressed 6° or more.Of the 88 patients, 44 (50%) underwent surgery. The operative rate was higher for patients with curves 30° or more than those with curves 20° to 29° prior to brace treatment (37/58 [64%] vs. 7/30 [23%], respectively; P = 0.001); other braces compared with thoracolumbosacral orthosis (19/28 [68%] vs. 25/60 [42%], respectively; P = 0.02); Lenke I and III curves compared with Lenke VI curves (33/54 [61%] vs. 2/14 [14%], respectively; P = 0.007).

Radiographic evaluation of acute distal radius fracture stability: A comparative cadaveric study between a thermo-formable bracing system and traditional fiberglass casting.

PubMed

Santoni, Brandon G; Aira, Jazmine R; Diaz, Miguel A; Kyle Stoops, T; Simon, Peter

2017-08-01

Distal radius fractures are common musculoskeletal injuries and many can be treated non-operatively with cast immobilization. A thermo-formable brace has been developed for management of such fractures, but no data exist regarding its comparative stabilizing efficacy to fiberglass casting. A worst-case distal radius fracture was created in 6 cadaveric forearms. A radiolucent loading fixture was created to apply cantilever bending/compression loads ranging from 4.5N to 66.7N across the simulated fracture in the: (1) non-stabilized, (2) braced; and (3) casted forearms, each forearm serving as its own control. Fracture fragment translations and rotations were measured radiographically using orthogonal radiographs and a 2D-3D, CT-based transformation methodology. Under 4.5N of load in the non-stabilized condition, average sagittal plane rotation and 3D center of mass translation of the fracture fragment were 12.3° and 5.3mm, respectively. At the 4.5N load step, fragment rotation with the brace (avg. 0.0°) and cast (0.1°) reduced sagittal plane rotation compared to the non-stabilized forearm (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in measured sagittal plane fracture fragment rotations or 3D fragment translations between the brace or cast at any of the four load steps (4.5N, 22.2N, 44.5N, and 66.7N, P≥0.138). In this in vitro radiographic study utilizing 6 cadaveric forearms with simulated severe-case, unstable and comminuted distal radius fractures, the thermo-formable brace stabilized the fracture in a manner that was not radiographically or biomechanically different from traditional fiberglass casting. Study results support the use of the thermo-formable brace clinically. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

BRACING WITHOUT SCALE FIGURE. AveryBartholomew Patent Railroad Iron Bridge, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

BRACING WITHOUT SCALE FIGURE. - Avery-Bartholomew Patent Railroad Iron Bridge, Town park south of Route 222, west of Owasco Inlet (moved from Elm Street Extension spanning Fall Creek, Nubia, NY), Groton, Tompkins County, NY

TOP CHORD, CENTRAL BRACING DETAIL. AveryBartholomew Patent Railroad Iron ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

TOP CHORD, CENTRAL BRACING DETAIL. - Avery-Bartholomew Patent Railroad Iron Bridge, Town park south of Route 222, west of Owasco Inlet (moved from Elm Street Extension spanning Fall Creek, Nubia, NY), Groton, Tompkins County, NY

Sensitivity analysis for axis rotation diagrid structural systems according to brace angle changes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jae-Kwang; Li, Long-Yang; Park, Sung-Soo

2017-10-01

General regular shaped diagrid structures can express diverse shapes because braces are installed along the exterior faces of the structures and the structures have no columns. However, since irregular shaped structures have diverse variables, studies to assess behaviors resulting from various variables are continuously required to supplement the imperfections related to such variables. In the present study, materials elastic modulus and yield strength were selected as variables for strength that would be applied to diagrid structural systems in the form of Twisters among the irregular shaped buildings classified by Vollers and that affect the structural design of these structural systems. The purpose of this study is to conduct sensitivity analysis for axial rotation diagrid structural systems according to changes in brace angles in order to identify the design variables that have relatively larger effects and the tendencies of the sensitivity of the structures according to changes in brace angles and axial rotation angles.

Mitigating shear lag in tall buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaur, Himanshu; Goliya, Ravindra K.

2015-09-01

As the height of building increases, effect of shear lag also becomes considerable in the design of high-rise buildings. In this paper, shear lag effect in tall buildings of heights, i.e., 120, 96, 72, 48 and 36 stories of which aspect ratio ranges from 3 to 10 is studied. Tube-in-tube structural system with façade bracing is used for designing the building of height 120 story. It is found that bracing system considerably reduces the shear lag effect and hence increases the building stiffness to withstand lateral loads. Different geometric patterns of bracing system are considered. The best effective geometric configuration of bracing system is concluded in this study. Lateral force, as wind load is applied on the buildings as it is the most dominating lateral force for such heights. Wind load is set as per Indian standard code of practice IS 875 Part-3. For analysis purpose SAP 2000 software program is used.

Fast photo-switchable surfaces for boiling heat transfer applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunter, C. N.; Glavin, N. R.; Voevodin, A. A.

2012-11-05

Several milligrams of the ruthenium-centered organometallic complex, ruthenium bis-4,4 Prime -di(thiomethyl)-2,2 Prime -bipyridine, mono-2 -(2-pyridyl)-1,3-oxathiane ([Ru{l_brace}(HS-CH{sub 2}){sub 2}-bpy{r_brace}{sub 2}{l_brace}pox{r_brace}](PF{sub 6}){sub 2}) were synthesized and used to produce a self assembled monolayer film on a gold substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the film detected the presence of bound thiolate, which is an indication of a chemisorbed film. Water contact angle measurements were performed before and after 5 min of visible light irradiation using an ozone-free 1000 W Xe(Hg) arc source with a 425-680 nm long pass mirror. The contact angle changed from 52 Degree-Sign pre-irradiation (hydrophilic state) to 95 Degree-Signmore » post-irradiation (hydrophobic state).« less

The role of serial casting in early-onset scoliosis (EOS).

PubMed

Baulesh, David M; Huh, Jeannie; Judkins, Timothy; Garg, Sumeet; Miller, Nancy H; Erickson, Mark A

2012-01-01

Serial casting has demonstrated efficacy for idiopathic early-onset scoliosis (EOS). Results of casting in nonidiopathic (syndromic and congenital) EOS patients have not previously been well described. A total of 53 patients underwent serial casting for EOS from 2005 to 2010 at a single institution. Deformity was classified as idiopathic or nonidiopathic. Diagnosis, time in cast, number of casts, use of bracing, complications, and outcomes were recorded. Radiographic measures included Cobb angle and thoracic height (T1-T12). Thoracic height velocity was calculated and compared with established norms. A total of 36 patients, 19 idiopathic and 17 nonidiopathic (14 syndromic, 3 congenital), completed cast treatment and had >6-month follow-up and were therefore included. Of those, 17% (6/36) experienced resolution of their deformity, 53% (19/26) are currently in braces, and 31% (11/36) had undergone surgery. Surgery occurred on average at age 5.6 years and was delayed by an average of 2.1 years from time of first cast. A 19% complication was observed. There was no statistical difference in the rate of resolution of deformity between idiopathic (5/19) and nonidiopathic (1/17) patients (P=0.182), although there exists a trend toward greater curve correction in idiopathic patients. Surgery occurred in fewer patients (2/19) in the idiopathic group compared with the nonidiopathic group (9/17) (P=0.006). Significant improvements in Cobb angle was observed in the idiopathic group (12.2 degrees) during casting (P=0.003). Nonidiopathic patients did not maintain the correction gained during casting at the time of final follow-up. T1-T12 height increased across all study patients regardless of etiology during the period of casting at similar velocity to established norms of 1.4 cm/y for this age group. Serial casting offers modest deformity correction in idiopathic deformities compared with nonidiopathic deformities. Thoracic height growth continued throughout the casting period at normal velocity. Serial casting maintained normal longitudinal thoracic growth in all patients with EOS in this cohort. Although many required surgery, the increased thoracic height may have positive implications on ultimate pulmonary function. Therapeutic level III.

Optimal management of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescence

PubMed Central

Kotwicki, Tomasz; Chowanska, Joanna; Kinel, Edyta; Czaprowski, Dariusz; Tomaszewski, Marek; Janusz, Piotr

2013-01-01

Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the growing spine, affecting 2%–3% of adolescents. Although benign in the majority of patients, the natural course of the disease may result in significant disturbance of body morphology, reduced thoracic volume, impaired respiration, increased rates of back pain, and serious esthetic concerns. Risk of deterioration is highest during the pubertal growth spurt and increases the risk of pathologic spinal curvature, increasing angular value, trunk imbalance, and thoracic deformity. Early clinical detection of scoliosis relies on careful examination of trunk shape and is subject to screening programs in some regions. Treatment options are physiotherapy, corrective bracing, or surgery for mild, moderate, or severe scoliosis, respectively, with both the actual degree of deformity and prognosis being taken into account. Physiotherapy used in mild idiopathic scoliosis comprises general training of the trunk musculature and physical capacity, while specific physiotherapeutic techniques aim to address the spinal curvature itself, attempting to achieve self-correction with active trunk movements developed in a three-dimensional space by an instructed adolescent under visual and proprioceptive control. Moderate but progressive idiopathic scoliosis in skeletally immature adolescents can be successfully halted using a corrective brace which has to be worn full time for several months or until skeletal maturity, and is able to prevent more severe deformity and avoid the need for surgical treatment. Surgery is the treatment of choice for severe idiopathic scoliosis which is rapidly progressive, with early onset, late diagnosis, and neglected or failed conservative treatment. The psychologic impact of idiopathic scoliosis, a chronic disease occurring in the psychologically fragile period of adolescence, is important because of its body distorting character and the onerous treatment required, either conservative or surgical. Optimal management of idiopathic scoliosis requires cooperation within a professional team which includes the entire therapeutic spectrum, extending from simple watchful observation of nonprogressive mild deformities through to early surgery for rapidly deteriorating curvature. Probably most demanding is adequate management with regard to the individual course of the disease in a given patient, while avoiding overtreatment or undertreatment. PMID:24600296

Influence of a knee brace intervention on perceived pain and patellofemoral loading in recreational athletes.

PubMed

Sinclair, Jonathan K; Selfe, James; Taylor, Paul J; Shore, Hannah F; Richards, Jim D

2016-08-01

The current investigation aimed to investigate the effects of an intervention using knee bracing on pain symptoms and patellofemoral loading in male and female recreational athletes. Twenty participants (11 males & 9 females) with patellofemoral pain were provided with a knee brace which they wore for a period of 2weeks. Lower extremity kinematics and patellofemoral loading were obtained during three sport specific tasks, jog, cut and single leg hop. In addition their self-reported knee pain scores were examined using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Data were collected before and after wearing the knee brace for 2weeks. Significant reductions were found in the run and cut movements for peak patellofemoral force/pressure and in all movements for the peak knee abduction moment when wearing the brace. Significant improvements were also shown for Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscale symptoms (pre: male=70.27, female=73.22 & post: male=85.64, female=82.44), pain (pre: male=72.36, female=78.89 & post: male=85.73, female=84.20), sport (pre: male=60.18, female=59.33 & post: male=80.91, female=79.11), function and daily living (pre: male=82.18, female=86.00 & post: male=88.91, female=90.00) and quality of life (pre: male=51.27, female=54.89 & post: male=69.36, female=66.89). Male and female recreational athletes who suffer from patellofemoral pain can be advised to utilise knee bracing as a conservative method to reduce pain symptoms. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Immediate effect of valgus bracing on knee joint moments in meniscectomised patients: An exploratory study.

PubMed

Thorning, Maria; Thorlund, Jonas B; Roos, Ewa M; Wrigley, Tim V; Hall, Michelle

2016-12-01

Patients undergoing medial arthroscopic partial meniscectomy are at increased risk of developing and/or progressing knee osteoarthritis, with increased medial compartment load being a potential contributor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of a valgus unloader knee brace on knee joint moments in patients following medial arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Within-participant design. Twenty-two patients (age 35-55 years) who had undergone medial arthroscopic partial meniscectomy within the previous 8-15 months completed three-dimensional analysis of gait, forward lunge and one-leg rise during two conditions: with and without a valgus unloader knee brace. Outcome measures included the peak and impulse of the knee adduction moment and the peak knee flexion moment. The peak knee flexion moment increased during brace condition for forward lunge (mean difference [95% CI]) 0.54 [0.27-0.82] (Nm/(BW×HT)%), p<0.001 and one-leg rise (mean difference 0.45 [95% CI 0.08-0.82] (Nm/(BW×HT)%), p=0.022). No other significant differences were found between conditions in any of the included tasks. A significant effect of the knee brace was detected in terms of an increase in peak knee flexion moment during the more demanding tasks such as forward lunge and one-leg rise. This increase implies enhanced stability of the knee provided by the brace, which may induce increased knee function and knee-related confidence during strenuous tasks. Future research is required to explore the structural implications. Copyright © 2016 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A clinical study of the biomechanics of step descent using different treatment modalities for patellofemoral pain.

PubMed

Selfe, James; Thewlis, Dominic; Hill, Stephen; Whitaker, Jonathan; Sutton, Chris; Richards, Jim

2011-05-01

In the previous study we have demonstrated that in healthy subjects significant changes in coronal and transverse plane mechanics can be produced by the application of a neutral patella taping technique and a patellar brace. Recently it has also been identified that patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) display alterations in gait in the coronal and transverse planes. This study investigated the effect of patellar bracing and taping on the three-dimensional mechanics of the knee of patellofemoral pain patients during a step descent task. Thirteen patients diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome performed a slow step descent. This was conducted under three randomized conditions: (a) no intervention, (b) neutral patella taping, (c) patellofemoral bracing. A 20cm step was constructed to accommodate an AMTI force platform. Kinematic data were collected using a ten camera infra-red Oqus motion analysis system. Reflective markers were placed on the foot, shank and thigh using the Calibrated Anatomical System Technique (CAST). The coronal plane knee range of motion was significantly reduced with taping (P=0.031) and bracing (P=0.005). The transverse plane showed a significant reduction in the knee range of motion with the brace compared to taping (P=0.032) and no treatment (P=0.046). Patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome demonstrated improved coronal plane and torsional control of the knee during slow step descent following the application of bracing and taping. This study further reinforces the view that coronal and transverse plane mechanics should not be overlooked when studying patellofemoral pain. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efficacy of nighttime brace in preventing progression of idiopathic scoliosis of less than 25°.

PubMed

Lateur, G; Grobost, P; Gerbelot, J; Eid, A; Griffet, J; Courvoisier, A

2017-04-01

The objective of the present study was to assess, at skeletal maturity, the efficacy of non-operative treatment by isolated nighttime brace in the prevention of progression of progressive idiopathic scoliosis of less than 25°. Isolated nighttime brace treatment is effective in the prevention of progression of mild progressive idiopathic scoliosis (Cobb<25°). A single-center retrospective study included 142 patients managed by nighttime brace for progressive idiopathic scoliosis with Cobb angle<25°, with assessment at skeletal maturity. Mean Cobb angle at start of treatment was 15.5° (range, 10-25°). Mean values for Cobb angle and sagittal parameters before treatment and at skeletal maturity were compared on Student t-test. Change in Cobb angle over time was also analyzed. Mean Cobb angle at skeletal maturity was 16.3°, showing significant increase over baseline (15.5°; P=0.04), although the difference was less than the uncertainty of measurement (±6°). In baseline Risser 0 or 1, mean change in Cobb angle at skeletal maturity (16.2°) was not significant (P=0.1). Cobb angle diminished in 26 cases (18%), increased in 24 (17%) and was unchanged in 92 (65%). The present study confirmed the efficacy of non-operative treatment by nighttime brace in mild progressive idiopathic scoliosis (<25°) in a large majority of cases. A nighttime brace thus seems to be an effective option for the treatment of adolescent scoliosis, ensuring a safe curve of around 20°. Level IV, retrospective study. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

11. AFRD WAREHOUSE, INTERIOR DETAIL OF RAFTER SUPPORT POST TIMBER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. AFRD WAREHOUSE, INTERIOR DETAIL OF RAFTER SUPPORT POST TIMBER AND METHOD OF BRACING. THE BRACES PENETRATE THE SHEET ROCK, SUGGESTING THAT THESE ARE ORIGINAL. - Minidoka Relocation Center Warehouse, 111 South Fir Street, Shoshone, Lincoln County, ID

Femur fracture repair - discharge

MedlinePlus

... a leg brace or immobilizer, cover it with plastic to keep it dry while you shower. If you are not wearing a leg brace or immobilizer, carefully wash your incision with soap and water when your provider says this is OK. Gently ...

Detail of old rain shed (Building No. 43) showing vertical ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail of old rain shed (Building No. 43) showing vertical posts on concrete footing with diagonal timber bracing and wire bracing. - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI

DETAIL OF BRACING WITH SCALE FIGURE. AveryBartholomew Patent Railroad ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL OF BRACING WITH SCALE FIGURE. - Avery-Bartholomew Patent Railroad Iron Bridge, Town park south of Route 222, west of Owasco Inlet (moved from Elm Street Extension spanning Fall Creek, Nubia, NY), Groton, Tompkins County, NY

View northwest, wharf B, timber framing, detail of cross bracing, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View northwest, wharf B, timber framing, detail of cross bracing, charred piers, recent galvanized fastenings - U.S. Coast Guard Sandy Hook Station, Western Docking Structure, West of intersection of Canfield Road & Hartshorne Drive, Highlands, Monmouth County, NJ

Manipulation strategies for massive space payloads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Book, Wayne J.

1989-01-01

Control for the bracing strategy is being examined. It was concluded earlier that trajectory planning must be improved to best achieve the bracing motion. Very interesting results were achieved which enable the inverse dynamics of flexible arms to be calculated for linearized motion in a more efficient manner than previously published. The desired motion of the end point beginning at t=0 and ending at t=t sub f is used to calculate the required torque at the joint. The solution is separated into a causal function that is zero for t is less than 0 and an accusal function which is zero for t is greater than t sub f. A number of alternative end point trajectories were explored in terms of the peak torque required, the amount of anticipatory action, and other issues. The single link case is the immediate subject and an experimental verification of that case is being performed. Modeling with experimental verification of closed chain dynamics continues. Modeling effort has pointed out inaccuracies that result from the choice of numerical techniques used to incorporate the closed chain constraints when modeling our experimental prototype RALF (Robotic Arm Large and Flexible). Results were compared to TREETOPS, a multi body code. The experimental verification work is suggesting new ways to make comparisons with systems having structural linearity and joint and geometric nonlinearity. The generation of inertial forces was studied with a small arm that will damp the large arm's vibration.

A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CAUSTIC METHODS FOR GALAXY CLUSTER MASSES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gifford, Daniel; Miller, Christopher; Kern, Nicholas

We quantify the expected observed statistical and systematic uncertainties of the escape velocity as a measure of the gravitational potential and total mass of galaxy clusters. We focus our attention on low redshift (z {<=}0.15) clusters, where large and deep spectroscopic datasets currently exist. Utilizing a suite of Millennium Simulation semi-analytic galaxy catalogs, we find that the dynamical mass, as traced by either the virial relation or the escape velocity, is robust to variations in how dynamical friction is applied to ''orphan'' galaxies in the mock catalogs (i.e., those galaxies whose dark matter halos have fallen below the resolution limit).more » We find that the caustic technique recovers the known halo masses (M{sub 200}) with a third less scatter compared to the virial masses. The bias we measure increases quickly as the number of galaxies used decreases. For N{sub gal} > 25, the scatter in the escape velocity mass is dominated by projections along the line-of-sight. Algorithmic uncertainties from the determination of the projected escape velocity profile are negligible. We quantify how target selection based on magnitude, color, and projected radial separation can induce small additional biases into the escape velocity masses. Using N{sub gal} = 150 (25), the caustic technique has a per cluster scatter in ln (M|M{sub 200}) of 0.3 (0.5) and bias 1% {+-} 3{r_brace} (16% {+-} 5{r_brace}) for clusters with masses >10{sup 14} M{sub Sun} at z < 0.15.« less

ORTHOPEDIC APPROACH TO PECTUS DEFORMITIES: 32 YEARS OF STUDIES

PubMed Central

Haje, Sydney Abrão; de Podestá Haje, Davi

2015-01-01

The authors summarize a 32-year experience in the study and in the non-operative approach of pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum. Data of 4,012 patients with pectus deformities were collected from 1977 to January 2009, allowing evaluation on the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of these deformities. Growth disturbances of anterior chest wall bones and cartilages were detected in imaging studies. Heredity, and biomechanical factors, like respiratory disturbances and scoliosis were noticed in more than 40% of the patients. The method of dynamic remodeling of the thorax – compressive orthoses simultaneously to exercises practice – was indicated in 2453 patients. Concomitant treatment with bending brace was provided in patients with 20° to 52° scoliosis. Of pectus patients with treatment indication, 1717 returned for re-evaluation: 1632 children and adolescents and 85 adults. Good results were seen in 60.6% of children and adolescents and in 27% of adults treated. No scoliosis patient presented curve worsening, and a case of 52° presented an improvement of 20° in the scoliosis with the treatment. Disturbances in the growth of the sternum and costal arches, as well as biomechanical factors related to the pathogenesis of pectus deformities, demonstrate how these deformities are correlated to orthopaedics. Appropriate evaluation of the anterior chest wall and concomitant treatment with bending brace are recommended in the presence of scoliosis. The dynamic remodeling method of the thorax requires a protocol of medical actions for a successful treatment. PMID:27004171

Effectiveness of damped braces to mitigate seismic torsional response of unsymmetric-plan buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazza, Fabio; Pedace, Emilia; Favero, Francesco Del

2017-02-01

The seismic retrofitting of unsymmetric-plan reinforced concrete (r.c.) framed buildings can be carried out by the incorporation of damped braces (DBs). Yet most of the proposals to mitigate the seismic response of asymmetric framed buildings by DBs rest on the hypothesis of elastic (linear) structural response. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of a Displacement-Based Design procedure of hysteretic damped braces (HYDBs) based on the nonlinear behavior of the frame members, which adopts the extended N2 method considered by Eurocode 8 to evaluate the higher mode torsional effects. The Town Hall of Spilinga (Italy), a framed structure with an L-shaped plan built at the beginning of the 1960s, is supposed to be retrofitted with HYDBs to attain performance levels imposed by the Italian seismic code (NTC08) in a high-risk zone. Ten structural solutions are compared by considering two in-plan distributions of the HYDBs, to eliminate (elastic) torsional effects, and different design values of the frame ductility combined with a constant design value of the damper ductility. A computer code for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of r.c. spatial framed structures is adopted to evaluate the critical incident angle of bidirectional earthquakes. Beams and columns are simulated with a lumped plasticity model, including flat surface modeling of the axial load-biaxial bending moment elastic domain at the end sections, while a bilinear law is used to idealize the behavior of the HYDBs. Damage index domains are adopted to estimate the directions of least seismic capacity, considering artificial earthquakes whose response spectra match those adopted by NTC08 at serviceability and ultimate limit states.

Performance enhancement of bridge bracing under service and extreme loads.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-12-01

The purpose of this study was to develop and demonstrate the concept of retrofitting bridge brace elements with fiber reinforced composites in order to provide restraint against buckling. The advanced materials consisted of a combination of fiber rei...

Prophylactic Knee Braces: Where Do They Stand?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCarthy, Paul

1988-01-01

The effectiveness of knee braces in preventing knee injuries in football is inconclusive. This article reviews research from epidemiologic, cadaver, and surrogate studies; discusses reasons for conflicting study results, including research design problems; and describes alternative approaches that have been suggested. (IAH)

13. VIEW OF TOP LATERAL STRUT AND BRACING, U10 IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. VIEW OF TOP LATERAL STRUT AND BRACING, U10 IN TOP FOREGROUND, U9 IN LOWER CENTER, SPAN 2, LOOKING NORTH - Emlenton Bridge, Spanning Allegheny River, Travel Route 38 (Legislative Route 75), Emlenton, Venango County, PA

26. Typical top chord, vertical lattice, diagonal bracing and bottom ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. Typical top chord, vertical lattice, diagonal bracing and bottom chord assembly. View is of south side of center panels of 4th span. - Cleves Bridge, Spanning Great Miami River on U.S. Highway 50, Cleves, Hamilton County, OH

View south, wharf B, timber framing, detail of cross bracing, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View south, wharf B, timber framing, detail of cross bracing, recent galvanized straps, bolts and washers - U.S. Coast Guard Sandy Hook Station, Western Docking Structure, West of intersection of Canfield Road & Hartshorne Drive, Highlands, Monmouth County, NJ

Rehabilitation of children and infants with osteogenesis imperfecta. A program for ambulation.

PubMed

Gerber, L H; Binder, H; Weintrob, J; Grange, D K; Shapiro, J; Fromherz, W; Berry, R; Conway, A; Nason, S; Marini, J

1990-02-01

Management of children and infants with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) poses difficult decisions for pediatricians, orthopedists, and physiatrists. These children are frequently frail with disabling bone and joint deformities and fractures. In an eight-year cumulative management of 12 children with OI, a comprehensive program included strengthening exercises to the pelvic girdle and lower extremity muscles, in addition to pool exercises and molded seating to support upright posture. Long leg braces were fitted when the children were able to sit unsupported. All 12 were fitted with braces; nine were functional ambulators, and three were home ambulators. Six children required femoral plating or rodding, two of whom subsequently had the metal removed. Lower extremity fractures averaged one and one-half per year prior to bracing for nine children who had fractures. There was 0.83 fracture per year for the ten children who had fractures after bracing. The degree of femoral bowing increased in four, decreased in four, and remained unchanged in four, while the degree of tibial bowing increased in two, decreased in nine, and remained unchanged in one during the observation period. A comprehensive rehabilitation program and long leg bracing with surgical operations on the femur result in a high level of functional activity for children with OI with an acceptable level of risk for fracture.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Indications and efficacy of nonoperative treatment

PubMed Central

Canavese, Federico; Kaelin, André

2011-01-01

The strategy for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis depends essentially upon the magnitude and pattern of the deformity, and its potential for progression. Treatment options include observation, bracing and/or surgery. During the past decade, several studies have demonstrated that the natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can be positively affected by nonoperative treatment, especially bracing. Other forms of conservative treatment, such as chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation, acupuncture, exercise or other manual treatments, or diet and nutrition, have not yet been proven to be effective in controlling spinal deformity progression, and those with a natural history that is favorable at the completion of growth. Observation is appropriate treatment for small curves, curves that are at low risk of progression, and those with a natural history that is favorable at the completion of growth. Indications for brace treatment are a growing child presenting with a curve of 25°–40° or a curve less than 25° with documented progression. Curves of 20°–25° in patients with pronounced skeletal immaturity should also be treated. The purpose of this review is to provide information about conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Indications for conservative treatment, hours daily wear and complications of brace treatment as well as brace types are discussed. PMID:21221217

Quality of life and stress level in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis subjected to conservative treatment.

PubMed

Kinel, Edyta; Kotwicki, Tomasz; Podolska, Anna; Białek, Marianna; Stryła, Wanda

2012-01-01

Quality of life (QoL) and stress level of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis is under growing consideration by physicians, physiotherapists and other specialists (psychologist, nurses). The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life and stress level in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis who are under brace treatment. It involved 45 adolescents, ages ranging between 10.0 and 15.0 years, all with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) with Cobb angle between 20-45 degrees. The adolescents were wearing the same kind of brace (Chêneau orthosis) for more than 3 months for at least 12h per day. Two questionnaires were used: the Brace Questionnaire (BrQ) and Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire (BSSQ). The analysis considered the type of treatment, curve location, correlation of the total score with age, Cobb angle and Bunnell rotation angle. The age was 13.6 ± 1.3 years. Cobb angle was 31.7 ± 7.6 degrees. The mean score for BrQ was 78.1 ± 11.3 points. Adolescents revealed higher score with BSSQ Deformity (median = 15) comparing to BSSQ Brace (median = 12). Conservative treatment does not severely impact on the quality of life of scoliotic adolescents. The adolescents who were under brace treatment suffered moderate level of stress from the deformity.

Human occupants in low-speed frontal sled tests: effects of pre-impact bracing on chest compression, reaction forces, and subject acceleration.

PubMed

Kemper, Andrew R; Beeman, Stephanie M; Madigan, Michael L; Duma, Stefan M

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-impact bracing on the chest compression, reaction forces, and accelerations experienced by human occupants during low-speed frontal sled tests. A total of twenty low-speed frontal sled tests, ten low severity (∼2.5g, Δv=5 kph) and ten medium severity (∼5g, Δv=10 kph), were performed on five 50th-percentile male human volunteers. Each volunteer was exposed to two impulses at each severity, one relaxed and the other braced prior to the impulse. A 59-channel chestband, aligned at the nipple line, was used to quantify the chest contour and anterior-posterior sternum deflection. Three-axis accelerometer cubes were attached to the sternum, 7th cervical vertebra, and sacrum of each subject. In addition, three linear accelerometers and a three-axis angular rate sensor were mounted to a metal mouthpiece worn by each subject. Seatbelt tension load cells were attached to the retractor, shoulder, and lap portions of the standard three-point driver-side seatbelt. In addition, multi-axis load cells were mounted to each interface between the subject and the test buck to quantify reaction forces. For relaxed tests, the higher test severity resulted in significantly larger peak values for all resultant accelerations, all belt forces, and three resultant reaction forces (right foot, seatpan, and seatback). For braced tests, the higher test severity resulted in significantly larger peak values for all resultant accelerations, and two resultant reaction forces (right foot and seatpan). Bracing did not have a significant effect on the occupant accelerations during the low severity tests, but did result in a significant decrease in peak resultant sacrum linear acceleration during the medium severity tests. Bracing was also found to significantly reduce peak shoulder and retractor belt forces for both test severities, and peak lap belt force for the medium test severity. In contrast, bracing resulted in a significant increase in the peak resultant reaction force for the right foot and steering column at both test severities. Chest compression due to belt loading was observed for all relaxed subjects at both test severities, and was found to increase significantly with increasing severity. Conversely, chest compression due to belt loading was essentially eliminated during the braced tests for all but one subject, who sustained minor chest compression due to belt loading during the medium severity braced test. Overall, the data from this study illustrate that muscle activation has a significant effect on the biomechanical response of human occupants in low-speed frontal impacts.

2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth.

PubMed

Negrini, Stefano; Donzelli, Sabrina; Aulisa, Angelo Gabriele; Czaprowski, Dariusz; Schreiber, Sanja; de Mauroy, Jean Claude; Diers, Helmut; Grivas, Theodoros B; Knott, Patrick; Kotwicki, Tomasz; Lebel, Andrea; Marti, Cindy; Maruyama, Toru; O'Brien, Joe; Price, Nigel; Parent, Eric; Rigo, Manuel; Romano, Michele; Stikeleather, Luke; Wynne, James; Zaina, Fabio

2018-01-01

The International Scientific Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT) produced its first guidelines in 2005 and renewed them in 2011. Recently published high-quality clinical trials on the effect of conservative treatment approaches (braces and exercises) for idiopathic scoliosis prompted us to update the last guidelines' version. The objective was to align the guidelines with the new scientific evidence to assure faster knowledge transfer into clinical practice of conservative treatment for idiopathic scoliosis (CTIS). Physicians, researchers and allied health practitioners working in the area of CTIS were involved in the development of the 2016 guidelines. Multiple literature reviews reviewing the evidence on CTIS (assessment, bracing, physiotherapy, physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE) and other CTIS) were conducted. Documents, recommendations and practical approach flow charts were developed using a Delphi procedure. The process was completed with the Consensus Session held during the first combined SOSORT/IRSSD Meeting held in Banff, Canada, in May 2016. The contents of the new 2016 guidelines include the following: background on idiopathic scoliosis, description of CTIS approaches for various populations with flow-charts for clinical practice, as well as literature reviews and recommendations on assessment, bracing, PSSE and other CTIS. The present guidelines include a total of 68 recommendations divided into following topics: bracing ( n  = 25), PSSE to prevent scoliosis progression during growth ( n  = 12), PSSE during brace treatment and surgical therapy ( n  = 6), other conservative treatments ( n  = 2), respiratory function and exercises ( n  = 3), general sport activities ( n  = 6); and assessment ( n  = 14). According to the agreed strength and level of evidence rating scale, there were 2 recommendations on bracing and 1 recommendation on PSSE that reached level of recommendation "I" and level of evidence "II". Three recommendations reached strength of recommendation A based on the level of evidence I (2 for bracing and one for assessment); 39 recommendations reached strength of recommendation B (20 for bracing, 13 for PSSE, and 6 for assessment).The number of paper for each level of evidence for each treatment is shown in Table 8. The 2016 SOSORT guidelines were developed based on the current evidence on CTIS. Over the last 5 years, high-quality evidence has started to emerge, particularly in the areas of efficacy of bracing (one large multicentre trial) and PSSE (three single-centre randomized controlled trials). Several grade A recommendations were presented. Despite the growing high-quality evidence, the heterogeneity of the study protocols limits generalizability of the recommendations. There is a need for standardization of research methods of conservative treatment effectiveness, as recognized by SOSORT and the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) non-operative management Committee.

microPET Imaging of Glioma Integrin (alpha-v, beta-3) Expression Using Cu-64-Labeled Tetrameric RGD Peptide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Yun; Zhang, , Xianzhong; Xiong, , Zhengming

2005-10-01

Integrins ?v?3 and ?v?5 play a critical role in tumor-induced angiogenesis and metastasis, and have become promising diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets of tumors. Radiolabeled RGD peptides that are integrin-specific may be used for non-invasive imaging of integrin expression level as well as for integrin-targeted radionuclide therapy. We previously conjugated a series of mono- and dimeric RGD peptides with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N?,N??,N???-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and labeled these with copper-64 for microPET imaging in various mouse xenograft models. The copper-64 tracers showed ?v?3-selective tumor uptake, but the magnitude of tumor uptake was relatively low, the tumor washout was rapid, and non-target organ/tissuemore » retention was high. In this study we developed a tetrameric RGD peptide tracer 64Cu-DOTA-E{l_brace}E[c(RGDfK)]2{r_brace}2 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of integrin ?v?3 expression in a subcutaneous U87MG glioma xenograft model in female athymic nude mice. The RGD tetramer showed significantly higher integrin binding affinity than the corresponding mono- and dimeric RGD analogs, most likely due to polyvalency effect. The radiolabeled peptide showed rapid blood clearance (0.61 ? 0.01%ID/g at 30 min and 0.21 ? 0.01 %ID/g at 4 h postinjection (p.i.), respectively) and predominantly renal excretion. Tumor uptake was rapid and high and the tumor washout was slow (9.93 ? 1.05 %ID/g at 30 min p.i. and 4.56 ? 0.51 %ID/g at 24 h post-injection). The metabolic stability of 64Cu-DOTA-E{l_brace}E[c(RGDfK)]2{r_brace}2 was determined in mouse blood, urine, and liver and kidney homogenates at different times after tracer injection. The average fractions of intact tracer in these organs at 1 h were approximately 70, 58, 51 and 26 percent, respectively. Non-invasive microPET imaging studies showed significant tumor uptake and good contrast in the subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice, which agreed well with the biodistribution results. Integrin ?v?3 specificity was demonstrated by successful blocking of tumor uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-E{l_brace}E[c(RGDfK)]2{r_brace}2 in the presence of excess amount of c(RGDyK) at 1 h postinjection. The highest absorbed radiation doses determined for the human reference adult were received by the urinary bladder wall (0.263 mGy/MBq), kidneys (0.0298 mGy/MBq), and liver (0.0244 mGy/MBq). Assuming 0.5-g U87MG glioma tumors in man, we calculated an absorbed dose of 65.3 mGy/MBq (242 rad/mCi) following a single injection of 64Cu-DOTA-E{l_brace}E[c(RGDfK)]2{r_brace}2. In conclusion, the high integrin avidity and favorable biokinetics make 64Cu-DOTA-E{l_brace}E[c(RGDfK)]2{r_brace}2 a promising agent for peptide receptor radionuclide imaging therapy of integrin-positive tumors.« less

Lateral Bracing of Bridge Girders by Permanent Metal Deck Forms

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-10

Lateral torsional buckling is a failure mode that often controls the design of steel bridge girders during construction. Bracing in the form of cross-frames and diaphragms are often provided at locations along the bridge length to reduce the unbraced...

Modal analysis of a classical guitar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cohen, David; Rossing, Thomas D.

2002-11-01

Using holographic interferometry, we have determined the modes of vibration of a classical guitar (by the first author) having an asymmetrically-braced top plate and a crossed braced back of unique design. The vibrational modes and acoustical properties are compared with other classical guitars.

Post-operative bracing after ACL reconstruction has no effect on knee joint effusion. A prospective, randomized study.

PubMed

Lindström, Maria; Wredmark, Torsten; Wretling, Marie-Louise; Henriksson, Marketta; Felländer-Tsai, Li

2015-12-01

It is unclear what factors contribute to knee joint effusion after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. Knee homeostasis after injury and surgery is crucial for rehabilitation and knee well-being. We examined if effusion was affected by post-operative bracing, and if patients with effusion fit into a common profile. Patients were randomized to wearing or not wearing a post-operative brace for three weeks after ACL reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis tendons. Knee joint effusion was detected by computed tomography in 60 patients (22 women), before and three and 12 months after surgery. Joint effusion, clinical and subjective tests were analyzed. This is the first prospective, randomized study on post-operative bracing for patients with a semitendinosus-gracilis graft showed that bracing had no effect on three-months presence of joint effusion. Excessive joint effusion was present in 68% of the patients three months after surgery and was associated to prior meniscus injury (p=0.05) and higher prior Tegner activity level (p=0.006). We found a positive association between longer time from injury to surgery and joint effusion three months post-operatively (rho=0.29, p<0.05). Twelve months post-operatively, joint effusion had diminished to baseline levels. Subjective scores and activity levels were lower for women. Three-months joint effusion predicted lower final outcome scores in women. Prior meniscus injury and pre-injury Tegner activity levels are predictive significant variables for excessive knee joint effusion after ACL reconstruction. Post-operative bracing had no effect. A larger clinical cohort is needed to confirm findings of this logistic regression. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The preventive effect of a soccer-specific ankle brace on acute lateral ankle sprains in girls amateur soccer players: study protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Thijs, Karin; Huisstede, Bionka; Goedhart, Edwin; Backx, Frank

2017-07-27

Acute lateral ankle sprains are the single most often diagnosed injury in female soccer players and often result in an inability to play. This highlights the need for effective prevention strategies. Proprioceptive training and/or the use of an external support to decrease inversion of the ankle joint can prevent or reduce the number of acute lateral ankle sprains. The effectiveness of a soccer-specific ankle brace in reducing first-time and recurrent acute lateral ankle sprains has never been investigated in girl soccer players. If effective, ankle braces could be introduced into soccer. Cluster-randomised controlled trial. Girl amateur soccer players (aged 14-18 years) will be allocated to an intervention or control group. The intervention group will be instructed to wear soccer-specific ankle braces on both ankles during soccer training and matches; the control group will continue playing soccer as usual. Primary outcomes are the incidence and severity of acute lateral ankle sprains. Secondary outcomes are the prognostic value of generalised joint hypermobility and functional stability on the risk of acute lateral ankle sprains and compliance with the intervention. The findings from this study may provide evidence to support the use of a soccer-specific ankle brace to prevent lateral ankle sprains during soccer. We hypothesise that this brace will reduce the incidence of ankle sprains among young amateur girl soccer players by 50%. The prevention of such injuries will be beneficial to players, clubs and society. The Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): NTR6045; Pre-results. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

The effect of external ankle support on knee and ankle joint movement and loading in netball players.

PubMed

Vanwanseele, Benedicte; Stuelcken, Max; Greene, Andrew; Smith, Richard

2014-09-01

External ankle support has been successfully used to prevent ankle sprains. However, some recent studies have indicated that reducing ankle range of motion can place larger loads on the knee. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of external ankle support (braces and high-top shoes) on the ankle and knee joint loading during a netball specific landing task. A repeated measure design. High performance netball players with no previously diagnosed severe ankle or knee injury (n=11) were recruited from NSW Institute of Sport netball programme. The kinematic and kinetic data were collected simultaneously using a 3-D Motion Analysis System and one Kistler force plate to measure ground reaction forces. Players performed a single leg landing whilst receiving a pass while wearing a standard netball shoe, the same shoe with a lace-up brace and a high-top shoe. Only the brace condition significantly reduced the ankle range of motion in the frontal plane (in/eversion) by 3.95 ± 3.74 degrees compared to the standard condition. No changes were found for the knee joint loading in the brace condition. The high-top shoes acted to increase the peak knee internal rotation moment by 15%. Both the brace and high-top conditions brought about increases in the peak ankle plantar flexion moment during the landing phase. Lace-up braces can be used by netball players to restrict ankle range of motion during a single leg landing while receiving a pass without increasing the load on the knee joint. Copyright © 2013 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Benefit-Risk Assessment, Communication, and Evaluation (BRACE) throughout the life cycle of therapeutic products: overall perspective and role of the pharmacoepidemiologist.

PubMed

Radawski, Christine; Morrato, Elaine; Hornbuckle, Kenneth; Bahri, Priya; Smith, Meredith; Juhaeri, Juhaeri; Mol, Peter; Levitan, Bennett; Huang, Han-Yao; Coplan, Paul; Li, Hu

2015-12-01

Optimizing a therapeutic product's benefit-risk profile is an on-going process throughout the product's life cycle. Different, yet related, benefit-risk assessment strategies and frameworks are being developed by various regulatory agencies, industry groups, and stakeholders. This paper summarizes current best practices and discusses the role of the pharmacoepidemiologist in these activities, taking a life-cycle approach to integrated Benefit-Risk Assessment, Communication, and Evaluation (BRACE). A review of the medical and regulatory literature was performed for the following steps involved in therapeutic benefit-risk optimization: benefit-risk evidence generation; data integration and analysis; decision making; regulatory and policy decision making; benefit-risk communication and risk minimization; and evaluation. Feedback from International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology members was solicited on the role of the pharmacoepidemiologist. The case example of natalizumab is provided to illustrate the cyclic nature of the benefit-risk optimization process. No single, globally adopted benefit-risk assessment process exists. The BRACE heuristic offers a way to clarify research needs and to promote best practices in a cyclic and integrated manner and highlight the critical importance of cross-disciplinary input. Its approach focuses on the integration of BRACE activities for risk minimization and optimization of the benefit-risk profile. The activities defined in the BRACE heuristic contribute to the optimization of the benefit-risk profile of therapeutic products in the clinical world at both the patient and population health level. With interdisciplinary collaboration, pharmacoepidemiologists are well suited for bringing in methodology expertise, relevant research, and public health perspectives into the BRACE process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Restriction of foot supination by ankle braces in sudden fall situations.

PubMed

Podzielny, S; Hennig, E M

1997-06-01

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the restriction of foot supination in different shoe orthotic combinations for unexpected ankle turns. DESIGN: A supination platform was used to experimentally induce sudden ankle turns. BACKGROUND: This study expanded on previous investigations of the effectiveness of different ankle braces and the influence of shoe material on foot supination. METHODS: For 21 male subjects pressure distribution data, achilles tendon angle, and supination velocity were collected. A comparison between a shoe with cut upper material and an intact shoe was done to show the influence of upper material on supination. The effectiveness of four different orthotics inside of an intact shoe were tested in comparison to the same shoe without ankle brace. Additionally, subjects rated their perceived supination movement of the foot. RESULTS: Between experimental conditions no large differences for the pressure distribution patterns were found. Three of the ankle braces reduced foot supination as well as supination velocities. More than two times lower supination values were measured for a footwear condition in which the upper material was cut away. Already during the free-fall most ankle braces caused a substantial reduction of foot inversion. CONCLUSION: The experiments demonstrated the influence of the upper material of a shoe and different orthotics on foot supination. Biomechanical measurements are necessary because of limited capabilities of subjects in detecting subtalar angular motions. RELEVANCE: This study investigated the effectiveness of different shoe conditions and ankle braces under experimental conditions that simulated unexpected ankle turns, the most frequent causes of sport injuries. The results of the study provide insights into which factors influence the amount of foot supination during unexpected ankle turns.

Safety Engineering and Protective Technology in Support of Army Modernization Programs--Picatinny Arsenal Papers Presented at the 16th Annual Explosive Safety Seminar

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-08-01

beams with diagonal bracing. The siding and roofing were constructed of corrugated aluminum panels connected to the girts and purlins by 1/4- inch...Fig 8) . Also con- tained in this report are static and dynamic properties of steel columns and beams ; as well as recommended types of steels and...both the beams and the columns . 3. The interaction between axial loads and displacements. The computer program input data includes the modulus of

Neurophysiological basis of rehabilitation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Smania, Nicola; Picelli, Alessandro; Romano, Michele; Negrini, Stefano

2008-01-01

Knowledge on mechanisms of neurophysiological control of trunk movement and posture could help in the development of rehabilitation programs and brace treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Reviewing up-to-date research on neurophysiology of movement and posture control with the aim of providing basis for new researches in the field of AIS rehabilitation and background understanding for clinicians engaged in management of AIS. Review of literature. We considered several neurophysiological issues relevant for AIS rehabilitation, namely, the peculiar organization of patterns of trunk muscle recruitment, the structure of the neural hardware subserving axial and arm muscle control, and the relevance of cognitive systems allowing mapping of spatial coordinates and building of body schema. We made clear the reason why trunk control is generally carried out by means of very fast, feedforward or feedback driven patterns of muscle activation which are deeply rooted in our neural control system and very difficult to modify by training. We hypothesized that augmented sensory feedback and strength exercises could be an important stage in a rehabilitation program aimed at hindering, or possibly reversing, scoliosis progression. In this context we considered bracing not only as a corrective biomechanical device but also as a tool for continuous sensory stimulation that could help awareness of body misalignment. Future research aimed at developing strategies of trunk postural control learning is essential in the rehabilitation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Back Problem: Kyphosis

MedlinePlus

... that affect kids, and each has its own cause: Postural kyphosis is the most common type of kyphosis, and ... growing, the kyphosis probably won't be a cause for concern and you won't have to wear a brace anymore. Treating Kyphosis With Surgery Most of the time, a brace ...

Seismic rehabilitation of skewed and curved bridges using a new generation of buckling restrained braces.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

The objective of this project is to find effective configurations for using buckling restrained braces (BRBs) in both skewed and curved bridges for reducing the effects of strong earthquakes. Verification is performed by numerical simulation using an...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

van der Eide, Edwin F.; Yang, Ping; Walter, Eric D.

Unlike the very labile, unobservable radical cations [{l_brace}CpM(CO){sub 3}{r_brace}{sub 2}]{sup {sm_bullet}+} (M = W, Mo), derivatives [{l_brace}CpM(CO){sub 2}(PMe{sub 3}){r_brace}{sub 2}]{sup {sm_bullet}+} are stable enough to be isolated and characterized. Experimental and theoretical studies show that the shortened M-M bonds are of order 1 1/2, and that they are not supported by bridging ligands. The unpaired electron is fully delocalized, with a spin density of ca. 45% on each metal atom. We thank the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences for support of this work. Pacific Northwestmore » National Laboratory (PNNL) is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle. The EPR and computational studies were performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. We thank Dr. Charles Windisch for access to his UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer.« less

Successful conservative treatment outcomes and clinical characteristics of congenital hypoplasia of the extensor tendon central slip.

PubMed

Hidaka, N; Uemura, T; Nakamura, H

2017-03-01

Congenital hypoplasia of the extensor tendon central slip is a rare entity. This article describes the clinical characteristics in a series of 22 fingers in 16 patients (mean age: 10 months), and the outcomes of conservative treatment. Nine of 22 fingers were classified as slender or hypoplastic. Treatment with bracing was successful in 21 digits, resulting in full active extension of the proximal interphalangeal joint at a mean of 8.5 months after treatment. Bracing was unsuccessful in one digit, in which operative treatment resulted in a successful outcome. Some residual deformity was observed in ten fingers after a mean follow-up period of 2 years and 1 month. Congenital hypoplasia of the central slip can be treated successfully by the conservative hand bracing when worn with full compliance. Treatment time is extended by the infrequent application of the hand brace or in the case of hypoplastic slender fingers. IV.

Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Carinatum in Patients Unsuited to Bracing Therapy.

PubMed

Suh, Jee-Won; Joo, Seok; Lee, Geun Dong; Haam, Seok Jin; Lee, Sungsoo

2016-04-01

We used an Abramson technique for minimally invasive repair of pectus carinatum in patients who preferred surgery to brace therapy, had been unsuccessfully treated via brace therapy, or were unsuitable for brace therapy because of a rigid chest wall. Between July 2011 and May 2015, 16 patients with pectus carinatum underwent minimally invasive surgery. The mean age of the patients was 24.35±13.20 years (range, 14-57 years), and all patients were male. The percentage of excellent aesthetic results, as rated by the patients, was 37.5%, and the percentage of good results was 56.25%. The preoperative and postoperative Haller Index values were 2.01±0.19 (range, 1.60-2.31), and 2.22±0.19 (range, 1.87-2.50), respectively (p-value=0.01), and the median hospital stay was 7.09±2.91 days (range, 5-15 days). Only one patient experienced postoperative complications. Minimally invasive repair is effective for the treatment of pectus carinatum, even in adult patients.

Stability of GNSS Monumentation: Analysis of Co-Located Monuments in the UNAVCO Plate Boundary Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blume, F.; Herring, T.; Mattioli, G. S.; Feaux, K.; Walls, C. P.; Austin, K. E.; Dittmann, S. T.

2017-12-01

Geodetic-quality permanent GNSS stations have used a number of different monument styles for the purpose of ensuring that the motions of the GNSS antenna reflect those of the Earth's crust while minimizing non-tectonic motions near the surface. Monuments range from simple masts mounted on buildings or drilled into bedrock, costing a few hundred dollars to machine-drilled-braced monuments in soil costing tens of thousands. The stability of an individual monument will depend on its design, the construction techniques used to install it, and the local surface geology where it is installed. Previous studies have separately investigated pairs of identical monuments at a single site, monument type performance using global statistical analysis, and multiple monument styles at a single site, yet the stability of different monument types in similar geologic conditions has not been adequately determined. To better characterize the stability of various monument styles in diverse geologic conditions UNAVCO constructed two additional monuments at five existing PBO stations in 2013. Deep drilled-braced, short drilled-braced, and single mast type monuments were installed at sites with bedrock at the surface; deep drilled-braced, short driven-braced and pillar type monuments were installed at sites with alluvium or soil at the surface. The sites include a variety of geographic, hydrologic, and geologic conditions. Data collected from the PBO Multi-Monument Experiment have been analyzed using a variety of methods. Each site is characterized using quality-control parameters such as multipath, signal-to-noise and previously determined seasonal variations. High-precision processing by PBO Analysis Centers with GAMIT and GIPSY use regional and global schemes and yield time-series with millimeter-level that determine noise content, overall site stability relative to other PBO sites and differential motions between the individual monuments. Sub-millimeter results from single-frequency short-baseline processing efforts show further details of monument performance. Results show that while local site characteristics may dominate time-series stability, braced monuments outperform pillars in sediments, and an inexpensive mast installed in bedrock can be as stable as an expensive drilled-braced monument.

21 CFR 882.4325 - Cranial drill handpiece (brace).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Cranial drill handpiece (brace). 882.4325 Section 882.4325 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES NEUROLOGICAL DEVICES Neurological Surgical Devices § 882.4325 Cranial drill...

21 CFR 882.4325 - Cranial drill handpiece (brace).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Cranial drill handpiece (brace). 882.4325 Section 882.4325 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES NEUROLOGICAL DEVICES Neurological Surgical Devices § 882.4325 Cranial drill...

Physics of light

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Doria, R.

A fourth interpretation for the principle of light invariance is proposed. After Maxwell equations, relativity, Lorentz group, another possibility stands into consider the Lorentz group representations as species. By specie one means fields with same nature under light invariance. For instance, given a ((1/2),(1/2)) representation, instead of just one specific field, we should associate to it the potential fields specie. Thus, starting from such fields specie interpretation the features of a certain potential field A{sub {mu}I} will be determined in terms of its associated fields set {l_brace}A{sub {mu}I}{r_brace}, where I means a diversity index. It says that, the original fieldmore » equation to be searched for a given field description is that one corresponding to the associated group of fields, and not more, for the field being taken isolated. It introduces the meaning of parts enfolded in the whole through whole relativistic equations. There is a more primitive equation to be understood. Instead Maxwell equation this fourth light invariance interpretation is guiding us to a more basic equation describing a fields set {l_brace}A{sub {mu}I}{r_brace}. It will be entitled as Global Maxwell equation. Three steps are necessary for characterizing this Global Maxwell equation. The first one is to derive on abelian terms a generic expression for the fields set {l_brace}A{sub {mu}I}{r_brace}. Further, show the diversity between these associated fields. Prove that every field carries a different quantum number (spin, mass, charges; C, P, T, CPT). The third one is on the photon singularity. Being the light invariance porter, it should be distinguished from others fields. This is done through the group gauge directive symmetry and Noether current. A Global Lorentz force complements the Global Maxwell by introducing three types of force. The first one generalizes the usual Lorentz force while the last two introduce relationships between fields and masses and fields with fields. A Physics of Light is derived. Based on such interpretation relating fields with same Lorentz nature, the electromagnetism is enlarged. The electromagnetic phenomena is not more restricted to Maxwell and electric charge. It englobes Maxwell and produces new types of electromagnetic fields and sectors. It centers the photon at its origin, new aspects as photonic charges and selfinteracting photons are obtained. As a case of this new electromagnetic spectrum one can take the set {l_brace}{gamma}Z{sup 0},W{sup {+-}}{r_brace}. It provides an electromagnetism involving photonic, massive, neutral, electric charged sectors which may antecede the electroweak unification.« less

Specific exercises reduce brace prescription in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective controlled cohort study with worst-case analysis.

PubMed

Negrini, Stefano; Zaina, Fabio; Romano, Michele; Negrini, Alessandra; Parzini, Silvana

2008-06-01

To compare the effect of Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis (SEAS) exercises with "usual care" rehabilitation programmes in terms of the avoidance of brace prescription and prevention of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Prospective controlled cohort observational study. Seventy-four consecutive outpatients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, mean 15 degrees (standard deviation 6) Cobb angle, 12.4 (standard deviation 2.2) years old, at risk of bracing who had not been treated previously. Thirty-five patients were included in the SEAS exercises group and 39 in the usual physiotherapy group. The primary outcome included the number of braced patients, Cobb angle and the angle of trunk rotation. There were 6.1% braced patients in the SEAS exercises group vs 25.0% in the usual physiotherapy group. Failures of treatment in the worst-case analysis were 11.5% and 30.8%, respectively. In both cases the differences were statistically significant. Cobb angle improved in the SEAS exercises group, but worsened in the usual physiotherapy group. In the SEAS exercises group, 23.5% of patients improved and 11.8% worsened, while in the usual physiotherapy group 11.1% improved and 13.9% worsened. These data confirm the effectiveness of exercises in patients with scoliosis who are at high risk of progression. Compared with non-adapted exercises, a specific and personalized treatment (SEAS) appears to be more effective.

Comparison of complete distal release of the medial collateral ligament and medial epicondylar osteotomy during ligament balancing in varus knee total knee arthroplasty.

PubMed

Sim, Jae Ang; Lee, Yong Seuk; Kwak, Ji Hoon; Yang, Sang Hoon; Kim, Kwang Hui; Lee, Beom Koo

2013-12-01

During ligament balancing for severe medial contracture in varus knee total knee arthroplasty (TKA), complete distal release of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) or a medial epicondylar osteotomy can be necessary if a large amount of correction is needed. This study retrospectively reviewed 9 cases of complete distal release of the MCL and 11 cases of medial epicondylar osteotomy which were used to correct severe medial contracture. The mean follow-up periods were 46.5 months (range, 36 to 78 months) and 39.8 months (range, 32 to 65 months), respectively. There were no significant differences in the clinical results between the two groups. However, the valgus stress radiograph revealed significant differences in medial instability. In complete distal release of the MCL, some stability was obtained by repair and bracing but the medial instability could not be removed completely. Medial epicondylar osteotomy for a varus deformity in TKA could provide constant medial stability and be a useful ligament balancing technique.

Three-dimensional deformation of orthodontic brackets

PubMed Central

Melenka, Garrett W; Nobes, David S; Major, Paul W

2013-01-01

Braces are used by orthodontists to correct the misalignment of teeth in the mouth. Archwire rotation is a particular procedure used to correct tooth inclination. Wire rotation can result in deformation to the orthodontic brackets, and an orthodontic torque simulator has been designed to examine this wire–bracket interaction. An optical technique has been employed to measure the deformation due to size and geometric constraints of the orthodontic brackets. Images of orthodontic brackets are collected using a stereo microscope and two charge-coupled device cameras, and deformation of orthodontic brackets is measured using a three-dimensional digital image correlation technique. The three-dimensional deformation of orthodontic brackets will be evaluated. The repeatability of the three-dimensional digital image correlation measurement method was evaluated by performing 30 archwire rotation tests using the same bracket and archwire. Finally, five Damon 3MX and five In-Ovation R self-ligating brackets will be compared using this technique to demonstrate the effect of archwire rotation on bracket design. PMID:23762201

Three-dimensional deformation of orthodontic brackets.

PubMed

Melenka, Garrett W; Nobes, David S; Major, Paul W; Carey, Jason P

2013-01-01

Braces are used by orthodontists to correct the misalignment of teeth in the mouth. Archwire rotation is a particular procedure used to correct tooth inclination. Wire rotation can result in deformation to the orthodontic brackets, and an orthodontic torque simulator has been designed to examine this wire-bracket interaction. An optical technique has been employed to measure the deformation due to size and geometric constraints of the orthodontic brackets. Images of orthodontic brackets are collected using a stereo microscope and two charge-coupled device cameras, and deformation of orthodontic brackets is measured using a three-dimensional digital image correlation technique. The three-dimensional deformation of orthodontic brackets will be evaluated. The repeatability of the three-dimensional digital image correlation measurement method was evaluated by performing 30 archwire rotation tests using the same bracket and archwire. Finally, five Damon 3MX and five In-Ovation R self-ligating brackets will be compared using this technique to demonstrate the effect of archwire rotation on bracket design.

Lessons Learned from the Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) and Implications for Nitrogen Management of Tampa Bay

EPA Science Inventory

Results from air quality modeling and field measurements made as part of the Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) along with related scientific literature were reviewed to provide an improved estimate of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) deposition to Tampa Bay, to...

50 CFR Figure 15 to Part 223 - Weedless TED Brace Bar Description

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Weedless TED Brace Bar Description 15 Figure 15 to Part 223 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS THREATENED MARINE AND ANADROMOUS SPECIES Pt...

50 CFR Figure 15 to Part 223 - Weedless TED Brace Bar Description

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Weedless TED Brace Bar Description 15 Figure 15 to Part 223 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS THREATENED MARINE AND ANADROMOUS SPECIES Pt...

17. Photocopy of drawing, Erection Plan of Top Lateral Bracing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Photocopy of drawing, Erection Plan of Top Lateral Bracing of Bridge at South Norwalk for the N.Y., N.H. and H.R.R., dated June 12, 1895. Original on file with Metro North Commuter Railroad. - South Norwalk Railroad Bridge, South Main & Washington Streets, Norwalk, Fairfield County, CT

Spondylolysis: returning the athlete to sports participation with brace treatment.

PubMed

d'Hemecourt, Pierre A; Zurakowski, David; Kriemler, Susi; Micheli, Lyle J

2002-06-01

Between 1988 and 1995, 73 adolescent athletes treated with the Boston Overlap Brace for spondylolysis were reviewed to evaluate improvement in pain score and activity level. A favorable clinical outcome was achieved in 80%. Girls and boys who participated in high-risk sports were five times more likely to have an unfavorable clinical outcome than those who participated in low-risk sports (odds ratio = 5, 95% confidence interval = 2.4-7.5, P = .003). In addition, acute onset of pain and hamstring tightness were associated with a worse outcome. Athletes with symptomatic spondylolysis treated with an antilordotic brace can expect improvement in their clinical course and return to sports participation in 4-6 weeks.

Comparison of Injury Incidence Between the T-11 Advanced Tactical Parachute System and the T-10D Parachute, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, June 2010-November 2013

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-01

1.9-2.5 Amoroso et al., 1998 40 Ankle inversion sprains; US airborne trainees; no dates provided 3,674 Ankle brace No/Yes 6.9 0.9-56.1...Schumacher et al., 2000 44 Any ankle injury with duty limitation; US Army Airborne Rangers;1994– 1997 13,782 Ankle brace No/Yes 2.9 1.4-6.1 Craig and...School, Ft Benning GA, Apr 2005 to Dec 2006 102,784 Ankle brace Wind speed Time of day Equipment No/Yes 10-13/0-1 knots Night/Day Yes/No 1.2

17. Detail, looking north of the diagonal brace joint, typical ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. Detail, looking north of the diagonal brace joint, typical of all trestle construction, at the east end of Trestle 18. Also visible is the walkway attaching rod and cross support. - Lake Hodges Flume, Along San Dieguito River between Lake Hodges & San Dieguito Reservoir, Rancho Santa Fe, San Diego County, CA

Job Grading Standard for Blocker and Bracer WG-4602.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Civil Service Commission, Washington, DC. Bureau of Policies and Standards.

The standard is used to grade nonsupervisor's work involved in blocking, bracing, staying, and securing cargo for shipment by land, sea, or air. It requires skill in constructing, placing, and installing wooden blocks, wedges, bracing structures and other staying devices, as well as skill in securing items using wires, ropes, chains, cables,…

[H{sub 2}en]{sub 2}{l_brace}La{sub 2}M(SO{sub 4}){sub 6}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}{r_brace} (M=Co, Ni): First organically templated 3d-4f mixed metal sulfates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yuan Yanping; Wang Ruiyao; Kong Deyuan

2005-06-15

The first organically templated 3d-4f mixed metal sulfates, [H{sub 2}en]{sub 2}{l_brace}La{sub 2}M(SO{sub 4}){sub 6}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}{r_brace} (M=Co 1, Ni 2) have been synthesized and structurally determined from non-merohedrally twinned crystals. The two compounds are isostructural and their structures feature a three-dimensional anionic network formed by the lanthanum(III) and nickel(II) ions bridged by sulfate anions. The La(III) ions in both compounds are 10-coordinated by four sulfate anions in bidentate chelating fashion, and two sulfate anions in a unidentate fashion. The transition metal(II) ion is octahedrally coordinated by six oxygens from four sulfate anions and two aqua ligands. The doubly protonated enthylenediaminemore » cations are located at the tunnels formed by 8-membered rings (four La and four sulfate anions)« less

Benefit from NASA

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-11

A knee brace that uses Space Shuttle propulsion technology has moved a step closer to being available to help knee injury and stroke patients and may possibly benefit patients with birth defects, spinal cord injuries, and post-polio conditions. After years of hard work, inventors at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, have turned over the final design and prototype to industry partners at Horton's Orthotic Lab in Little Rock, Arkansas for further clinical testing. The device, called the Selectively Lockable Knee Brace, may mean faster, less painful rehabilitation for patients by allowing the knee to move when weight is not on the heel. Devices currently on the market lock the knee in a rigid, straight-leg position, or allow continuous free motion. The knee brace is just one example of how space technology is being used to improve the lives of people on Earth. NASA's MSFC inventors Michael Shadoan and Neill Myers are space propulsion engineers who use the same mechanisms and materials to build systems for rockets that they used to design and develop the knee brace.

3-D indium(III)-btc channel frameworks and their ion-exchange properties (btc=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin Zhengzhong; Chen Lian; Yue Chengyang

2006-04-15

Assembly of InCl{sub 3} with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H{sub 3}btc) and pyridine or pyridine derivatives under hydrothermal conditions produces a series of isostructural coordination polymers with the interesting frameworks: {l_brace}(HL)[In{sub 4}(OH){sub 4}(btc){sub 3}].L.3H{sub 2}O{r_brace} {sub n} {sub ,} L=pyridine (1); L=2-picoline (2); L=4-picoline (3) and {l_brace}(Hdpea)[In{sub 4}(OH){sub 4}(btc){sub 3}].3H{sub 2}O{r_brace} {sub n} (4) (dpea=1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane). In these four complexes, carboxyl and hydroxyl oxygen atoms bridge indium(III) centers to form octahedral chain-like sinusoidal curves, which are further interlinked by btc{sup 3-} moieties to generate 3-D frameworks with 1-D channels. The protonated guests HL in 1-3 located at the channels can be fully exchangedmore » by K{sup +} ion or partially exchanged by Sr{sup 2+}, and Ba{sup 2+} ions.« less

Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Carinatum in Patients Unsuited to Bracing Therapy

PubMed Central

Suh, Jee-Won; Joo, Seok; Lee, Geun Dong; Haam, Seok Jin; Lee, Sungsoo

2016-01-01

Background We used an Abramson technique for minimally invasive repair of pectus carinatum in patients who preferred surgery to brace therapy, had been unsuccessfully treated via brace therapy, or were unsuitable for brace therapy because of a rigid chest wall. Methods Between July 2011 and May 2015, 16 patients with pectus carinatum underwent minimally invasive surgery. Results The mean age of the patients was 24.35±13.20 years (range, 14–57 years), and all patients were male. The percentage of excellent aesthetic results, as rated by the patients, was 37.5%, and the percentage of good results was 56.25%. The preoperative and postoperative Haller Index values were 2.01±0.19 (range, 1.60–2.31), and 2.22±0.19 (range, 1.87–2.50), respectively (p-value=0.01), and the median hospital stay was 7.09±2.91 days (range, 5–15 days). Only one patient experienced postoperative complications. Conclusion Minimally invasive repair is effective for the treatment of pectus carinatum, even in adult patients. PMID:27066432

Influence of Active Muscle Contribution on the Injury Response of Restrained Car Occupants

PubMed Central

Bose, Dipan; Crandall, Jeff R.

2008-01-01

Optimal performance of adaptive restraint systems requires an accurate assessment of occupant parameters including physical properties and pre-collision behavior of the occupant. Muscle bracing, one of the key reflexive actions adopted by car occupants to mitigate the severity of an impending collision, is ignored in restraint designing since conventional human surrogate tools used for injury assessment due to collision loading provide limited insight into this effect. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of pre-collision muscle bracing on the injury outcome of an occupant using a simplified numerical musculoskeletal model. The activation levels for 12 major muscle groups loading the ankle, knee, hip and elbow joints, were determined using an optimization routine with data collected from previously reported volunteer sled tests. A whole body injury metric, weighted to the severity of injury and the injured body region, was used to evaluate the potential risk of injuries estimated for different levels of bracing. The musculoskeletal model was further used to determine the requirements on the restraint system properties to minimize overall injuries for an occupant in a relaxed and a braced condition. Significant variation was observed in the load-limiting value and pre-tensioner firing time, as the restraint properties were optimized to account for the bracing behavior. The results of the study provide a framework for improving the performance of adaptive restraint systems, currently designed for passive anthropometric tests devices, by taking into account realistic response of the occupant involved in a collision. PMID:19026223

Long-term effects of conservative treatment of Milwaukee brace on body image and mental health of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Misterska, Ewa; Głowacki, Jakub; Głowacki, Maciej; Okręt, Adam

2018-01-01

We aimed to provide a complex assessment of adult females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after a minimum of 23 years after completed Milwaukee brace treatment. In the present study, a comparison between healthy female and AIS patients' perception of trunk disfigurement, self-image, mental health, pain level and everyday activity was made. Thirty AIS patients with a mean of 27.77 yrs (SD 3.30) after the treatment were included in the study. The control group consisted of 42 females, matching the age profile of the patient group. Study participants from both groups were examined using the same protocol, except for the radiological evaluation. Patients and healthy controls completed the Polish versions of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22) and Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ). Patients additionally filled the Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity (BSSQ-Deformity) and Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace (BSSQ-Brace). The study group's SAQ results differ significantly in regard to the total score and all individual domains, indicating better functioning among healthy controls. Except for the General domain (p = 0.002), among the remaining subscales the study group's results differed significantly at p<0.001. Considering SRS-22 results, it was revealed that the patient group scored higher, signaling better functioning with reference to pain level (p = 0.016), function/activity (p<0.001) and the total score (p<0.001). The findings add to the complexity of long-term effect evaluations of AIS, particularly amongst females treated with a Milwaukee brace. Long-term results were not conclusive in terms of nonverbal assessment of body image and emotional tension regarding the experiences of brace-wearing. Future patients can be reassured that scoliosis treated conservatively does not negatively affect everyday activity, pain level, childbearing and mental health. Subjects who declared to have psychological problems due to scoliosis had a bigger curve size after treatment and in this study than the other AIS patients.

Eccentric exercises for the management of tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon with or without the AirHeel Brace. A randomized controlled trial. A: effects on pain and microcirculation.

PubMed

Knobloch, Karsten; Schreibmueller, Louisa; Longo, Umile Giuseppe; Vogt, Peter M

2008-01-01

To compare eccentric training and the combination of eccentric training with the AirHeel Brace for the management of tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon. We recruited 116 subjects with unilateral tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon, who were randomized in two groups. Group A performed a regimen of daily eccentric training associated with the AirHeel Brace (Donjoy Orthopedics, Vista, CA, USA). Group B performed the same eccentric training without the AirHeel Brace. Tendon microcirculatory mapping was performed using combined Laser-Doppler and spectrophotometry. Pre- and post-operative FAOS score and VAS score were used to evaluate the patients. The FAOS score and the VAS score showed significant improvements from pre-operative to post-operative values in both groups (A 5.1 +/- 2 vs. 2.9 +/- 2.4, 43% reduction and B: 5.4 +/- 2.1 vs. 3.6 +/- 2.4, 33% reduction, both p = 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in FAOS score and VAS score when comparing the two groups after the end of the intervention. In Group A, tendon oxygen saturation in the main body of the Achilles tendon showed significant increase from pre- to post-management values (68 +/- 12 vs.74 +/- 8%, p = 0.003). Post-capillary venous filling pressures showed significant reduction from pre- to post-intervention values. Eccentric training, associated or not with the AirHeel Brace, produces the same effect in patients with tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon. The combination of eccentric training with the AirHeel Brace can optimize tendon microcirculation, but these micro-circulator advantages do not translate into superior clinical performance when compared with eccentric training alone.

Comparative multifactorial analysis of the effects of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis and Scheuermann kyphosis on the self-perceived health status of adolescents treated with brace.

PubMed

Korovessis, Panagiotis; Zacharatos, Spyridon; Koureas, Georgios; Megas, Panagiotis

2007-04-01

Bracing is the most effective non-operative treatment for mild progressive spinal deformities in adolescence but it has shown a considerable impact on several aspects of adolescents' functioning. This cross-sectional study investigated the self-perceived health status of adolescents with the two most common deformities, treated with body orthosis. Seventy-nine adolescents with spinal deformities (idiopathic adolescent scoliosis, thoracic Scheuermann kyphosis) and 62 adolescents without spinal deformities were asked to complete the Quality of Life profile for Spine Deformities Instrument. This study showed that adolescents with deformities are significantly less likely to have back pain in training than controls, but more likely to have difficulty in forward bending, and in the most common daily activities while in brace. These individuals claim they wake up because of back pain and feel quite nervous with the external appearance of their body. These patients face often problems with their relations with friends, while they reported difficulties in getting up from bed and sleep at night more often than their counterparts without deformities. As they grow older, patients feel increasing ashamed of their body, as they are more concerned about the future effect of the deformity on their body. As the bracing time increases, patients have much more probability than controls to get low back pain. Girls with deformity have a higher probability than boys to get low back pain while working in the house and while training. Individuals with larger spinal curvatures have more difficulties in bending and increased incidence of back pain than their counterparts with smaller curvatures. Psychological reasons associated mainly with relations at school and back pain are the main causes for low compliance in adolescents with spinal deformities treated with body orthosis. Careful instructions for all individuals who will undergo brace therapy, psychological support for all patients who develop psychological reactions and physical training particularly for older girls should be recommended to increase bracing compliance.

Comparative multifactorial analysis of the effects of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis and Scheuermann kyphosis on the self-perceived health status of adolescents treated with brace

PubMed Central

Zacharatos, Spyridon; Koureas, Georgios; Megas, Panagiotis

2006-01-01

Bracing is the most effective non-operative treatment for mild progressive spinal deformities in adolescence but it has shown a considerable impact on several aspects of adolescents’ functioning. This cross-sectional study investigated the self-perceived health status of adolescents with the two most common deformities, treated with body orthosis. Seventy-nine adolescents with spinal deformities (idiopathic adolescent scoliosis, thoracic Scheuermann kyphosis) and 62 adolescents without spinal deformities were asked to complete the Quality of Life profile for Spine Deformities Instrument. This study showed that adolescents with deformities are significantly less likely to have back pain in training than controls, but more likely to have difficulty in forward bending, and in the most common daily activities while in brace. These individuals claim they wake up because of back pain and feel quite nervous with the external appearance of their body. These patients face often problems with their relations with friends, while they reported difficulties in getting up from bed and sleep at night more often than their counterparts without deformities. As they grow older, patients feel increasing ashamed of their body, as they are more concerned about the future effect of the deformity on their body. As the bracing time increases, patients have much more probability than controls to get low back pain. Girls with deformity have a higher probability than boys to get low back pain while working in the house and while training. Individuals with larger spinal curvatures have more difficulties in bending and increased incidence of back pain than their counterparts with smaller curvatures. Psychological reasons associated mainly with relations at school and back pain are the main causes for low compliance in adolescents with spinal deformities treated with body orthosis. Careful instructions for all individuals who will undergo brace therapy, psychological support for all patients who develop psychological reactions and physical training particularly for older girls should be recommended to increase bracing compliance. PMID:16953447

The influence of thermoplastic thoraco lumbo sacral orthoses on standing balance in subjects with idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Khanal, Minoo; Arazpour, Mokhtar; Bahramizadeh, Mahmood; Samadian, Mohammad; Hutchins, Stephen W; Kashani, Reza Vahab; Mardani, Mohammad A; Tari, Hossein Vahid; Aboutorabi, Atefeh; Curran, Sarah; Sadeghi, Heidar

2016-08-01

Idiopathic scoliosis patients have postural equilibrium problems. The objective of this study was to assess postural control in subjects with idiopathic scoliosis following a 4-month intervention in an unbraced position. Quasi-experimental. Eight healthy girls and eight girls with idiopathic scoliosis took part. A Kistler force platform was used with a frequency of 100 Hz for recording data. The center of pressure was recorded in different positions out of brace for scoliosis and healthy subjects. Test conditions were single limb and double limb stance, with eyes open and closed, and foam and rigid surfaces. The data reflected a weak balance of idiopathic scoliosis subjects compared to healthy subjects. After 1 and 4 months of wearing the brace, center of pressure and center of gravity sway increased in the majority of the tests, although there were no significant differences in any of the test conditions (p > 0.05). While the center of pressure sway in medio-lateral direction decreased after 4 months of wearing a brace, in other variables center of pressure and center of gravity sway increased. Idiopathic scoliosis patients have weak balance in comparison to healthy subjects. In addition, following a period of 4 months of wearing a brace, balance parameters in the scoliosis subjects did not improve. The results show that we need more follow-up of orthoses wearing in idiopathic scoliosis subjects and suggest more studies at least 1-year follow-up to identify the efficiency of brace wear on balance. Scoliosis can alter postural stability and balance performance during quiet standing. Spinal deformity can alter a subject's ability to compensate for postural changes and cause gait deviations. This study investigated balance differences between the healthy and idiopathic scoliosis patients and the results of thoraco lumbo sacral orthosis brace wear. It might provide some new insight into the conservative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis patients for clinicians and researchers. © The International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics 2015.

Long-term effects of conservative treatment of Milwaukee brace on body image and mental health of patients with idiopathic scoliosis

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

We aimed to provide a complex assessment of adult females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after a minimum of 23 years after completed Milwaukee brace treatment. In the present study, a comparison between healthy female and AIS patients’ perception of trunk disfigurement, self-image, mental health, pain level and everyday activity was made. Thirty AIS patients with a mean of 27.77 yrs (SD 3.30) after the treatment were included in the study. The control group consisted of 42 females, matching the age profile of the patient group. Study participants from both groups were examined using the same protocol, except for the radiological evaluation. Patients and healthy controls completed the Polish versions of the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22) and Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ). Patients additionally filled the Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity (BSSQ-Deformity) and Bad Sobberheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace (BSSQ-Brace). The study group’s SAQ results differ significantly in regard to the total score and all individual domains, indicating better functioning among healthy controls. Except for the General domain (p = 0.002), among the remaining subscales the study group’s results differed significantly at p<0.001. Considering SRS-22 results, it was revealed that the patient group scored higher, signaling better functioning with reference to pain level (p = 0.016), function/activity (p<0.001) and the total score (p<0.001). The findings add to the complexity of long-term effect evaluations of AIS, particularly amongst females treated with a Milwaukee brace. Long-term results were not conclusive in terms of nonverbal assessment of body image and emotional tension regarding the experiences of brace-wearing. Future patients can be reassured that scoliosis treated conservatively does not negatively affect everyday activity, pain level, childbearing and mental health. Subjects who declared to have psychological problems due to scoliosis had a bigger curve size after treatment and in this study than the other AIS patients. PMID:29474440

Evaluation and management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review.

PubMed

Jada, Ajit; Mackel, Charles E; Hwang, Steven W; Samdani, Amer F; Stephen, James H; Bennett, James T; Baaj, Ali A

2017-10-01

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a 3D spinal deformity affecting children between the ages of 11 and 18, without an identifiable etiology. The authors here reviewed the available literature to provide spine surgeons with a summary and update on current management options. Smaller thoracic and thoracolumbar curves can be managed conservatively with observation or bracing, but corrective surgery may be indicated for rapidly growing or larger curves. The authors summarize the atypical features to look for in patients who may warrant further investigation with MRI during diagnosis and review the fundamental principles of the surgical management of AIS. Patients with AIS can be managed very well with a combination of conservative and surgical options. Outcomes for these children are excellent with sustained longer-term results.

The effectiveness of combined bracing and exercise in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis based on SRS and SOSORT criteria: a prospective study.

PubMed

Negrini, Stefano; Donzelli, Sabrina; Lusini, Monia; Minnella, Salvatore; Zaina, Fabio

2014-08-06

Recently an RCT confirmed brace efficacy in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. Previously, a Cochrane review suggested also producing studies according to the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) criteria on the effectiveness of bracing for AIS. Even if the SRS criteria propose a prospective design, until now only one out of 6 published studies was prospective. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of bracing plus exercises following the SRS and the international Society on Scoliosis Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT) criteria for AIS conservative treatment. prospective cohort study nested in a clinical database of all outpatients of a clinic specialized in scoliosis conservative treatment. seventy-three patients (60 females), age 12 years 10 months ±17 months, 34.4±4.4 Cobb degrees, who satisfied SRS criteria were included out of 3,883 patients at first evaluation. Cobb angle at the end of treatment according to SRS criteria : (unchanged; worsened 6° or more, over 45° and surgically treated, and rate of improvement of 6° or more).Braces were prescribed for 18-23 hours/day according to curves magnitude and actual international guidelines. Weaning was gradual after Risser 3. All patients performed exercises and were managed according to SOSORT criteria. Results in all patients were analyzed according to intent-to-treat at the end of the treatment. Funding and Conflict of Interest: no. Overall 34 patients (52.3%) improved. Seven patients (9.6%) worsened, of which 1 patient progressed beyond 45° and was fused. Referred compliance was assessed during a mean period of 3 years 4 months ±20 months; the median adherence was 99.1% (range 22.2-109.2%). Employing intent-to-treat analysis, there were failures in 11 patients (15.1%). At start, these patients had statistically significant low BMI and kyphosis, high thoracic rotation and higher Cobb angles. Drop-outs showed reduced compliance and years of treatment; their average scoliosis at discontinuation was low: 22.7° (range 16-35°) at Risser 1.3 ± 1. Bracing in patients with AIS who satisfy SRS criteria is effective. Combining bracing with exercise according to SOSORT criteria shows better results than the current literature.

Ankles back in randomized controlled trial (ABrCt): braces versus neuromuscular exercises for the secondary prevention of ankle sprains. Design of a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Janssen, Kasper W; van Mechelen, Willem; Verhagen, Evert Alm

2011-09-27

Ankle sprains are the most common sports and physical activity related injury. There is extensive evidence that there is a twofold increased risk for injury recurrence for at least one year post injury. In up to 50% of all cases recurrences result in disability and lead to chronic pain or instability, requiring prolonged medical care. Therefore ankle sprain recurrence prevention in athletes is essential. This RCT evaluates the effect of the combined use of braces and neuromuscular training (e.g. proprioceptive training/sensorimotor training/balance training) against the individual use of either braces or neuromuscular training alone on ankle sprain recurrences, when applied to individual athletes after usual care. This study was designed as three way randomized controlled trial with one year follow-up. Healthy individuals between 12 and 70 years of age, who were actively participating in sports and who had sustained a lateral ankle sprain in the two months prior to inclusion, were eligible for inclusion. After subjects had finished ankle sprain treatment by means of usual care, they were randomised to any of the three study groups. Subjects in group 1 received an eight week neuromuscular training program, subjects in group 2 received a sports brace to be worn during all sports activities for the duration of one year, and group 3 received a combination of the neuromuscular training program and a sports brace to be worn during all sports activities for the duration of eight weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and every month for 12 months therafter. The primary outcome measure was incidence of ankle sprain recurrences. Secondary outcome measures included the direct and indirect costs of recurrent injury, the severity of recurrent injury, and the residual complaints during and after the intervention. The ABrCt is the first randomized controlled trial to directly compare the secondary preventive effect of the combined use of braces and neuromuscular training, against the use of either braces or neuromuscular training as separate secondary preventive measures. This study expects to identify the most effective and cost-efficient secondary preventive measure for ankle sprains. The study results could lead to changes in the clinical guidelines on the prevention of ankle sprains, and they will become available in 2012. Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): NTR2157.

Detorsion night-time bracing for the treatment of early onset idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Moreau, S; Lonjon, G; Mazda, K; Ilharreborde, B

2014-12-01

Management for early onset scoliosis has recently changed, with the development of new surgical procedures. However, multiple surgeries are often required and high complication rates are still reported. Conservative management remains an alternative, serial casting achieving excellent results in young children. Better compliance and improvement over natural history have been reported with night-time bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), but this treatment has never been reported in early onset idiopathic scoliosis (EIOS). All patients treated for progressive EOIS by detorsion night-time bracing (DNB), and meeting the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) criteria for brace studies were reviewed. Recommendations were given to wear the DNB 8h/night and no restriction was given regarding sports activities. Radiological parameters were compared between referral and latest follow-up. Based on the SRS criteria defined for AIS, a similar classification was used as follows to analyze the course of the curves: success group: patients with a progression of 5° or less; unsuccess group (progression or failure): patients with a progression>5°, patients with curves exceeding 45° at maturity, or who have had recommendation for/undergone surgery, or patients who changed orthopaedic treatment, or who were lost to follow-up. Thirty-three patients were included (21 girls and 12 boys), with a median Cobb angle of 31° (Q1-Q3: 22-40). Age at brace initiation averaged 50months (Q1-Q3: 25-60). Median follow-up was 102-months (Q1-Q3: 63-125). Fifteen patients (45.5%) had reached skeletal maturity at last follow-up. The success rate was 67% (22 patients), with a median Cobb angle reduction of 15° (P<0.001). Four patients stopped DNB due to an important regression. Eleven patients were in the unsuccessful group (33%). Only one had surgery. All patients remained balanced in the frontal plane and normokyphotic. Initial curve magnitude and age at brace initiation appeared to be important prognostic factors. DNB is an effective conservative treatment, which can be considered a delaying tactic in the management of EOIS. This brace offers potential psychosocial and compliance benefits, and allows unconstrained spinal and chest wall growth, resulting in normokyphosis at maturity. Therapeutic study (retrospective consecutive case series): Level IV. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Unspecific chronic low back pain – a simple functional classification tested in a case series of patients with spinal deformities

PubMed Central

Weiss, Hans-Rudolf; Werkmann, Mario

2009-01-01

Background Up to now, chronic low back pain without radicular symptoms is not classified and attributed in international literature as being "unspecific". For specific bracing of this patient group we use simple physical tests to predict the brace type the patient is most likely to benefit from. Based on these physical tests we have developed a simple functional classification of "unspecific" low back pain in patients with spinal deformities. Methods Between January 2006 and July 2007 we have tested 130 patients (116 females and 14 males) with spinal deformities (average age 45 years, ranging from 14 years to 69) and chronic unspecific low back pain (pain for > 24 months) along with the indication for brace treatment for chronic unspecific low back pain. Some of the patients had symptoms of spinal claudication (n = 16). The "sagittal realignment test" (SRT) was applied, a lumbar hyperextension test, and the "sagittal delordosation test" (SDT). Additionally 3 female patients with spondylolisthesis were tested, including one female with symptoms of spinal claudication and 2 of these patients were 14 years of age and the other 43yrs old at the time of testing. Results 117 Patients reported significant pain release in the SRT and 13 in the SDT (>/= 2 steps in the Roland & Morris VRS). 3 Patients had no significant pain release in both of the tests (< 2 steps in the Roland & Morris VRS). Pain intensity was high (3,29) before performing the physical tests (VRS-scale 0–5) and low (1,37) while performing the physical test for the whole sample of patients. The differences where highly significant in the Wilcoxon test (z = -3,79; p < 0,0001). In the 16 patients who did not respond to the SRT in the manual investigation we found hypermobility at L5/S1 or a spondylolisthesis at level L5/S1. In the other patients who responded well to the SRT loss of lumbar lordosis was the main issue, a finding which, according to scientific literature, correlates well with low back pain. The 3 patients who did not respond to either test had a fair pain reduction in a generally delordosing brace with an isolated small foam pad inserted at the level of L 2/3, leading to a lordosation at this region. Discussion With the exception of 3 patients (2.3%) a clear distribution to one of the two classes has been possible. 117 patients were supplied successfully with a sagittal realignment test-brace (physio-logic® brace) and 13 with a sagittal delordosing brace (spondylogic® brace). There were patients with scoliosies and hyperkyphosiesbrace). Therefore a clear distribution of the patients from this sample to either chronic postural or chronic instability back pain was possible. In 2.3% a combined chronic low back pain from the findings obtained seems reasonable. Conclusion Chronic unspecific low back pain is possible to clearly be classified physically. This functional classification is necessary to decide on which specific conservative approach (physical therapy, braces) should be used. Other factors than spinal deformities contribute to chronic low back pain. PMID:19222845

Unspecific chronic low back pain - a simple functional classification tested in a case series of patients with spinal deformities.

PubMed

Weiss, Hans-Rudolf; Werkmann, Mario

2009-02-17

Up to now, chronic low back pain without radicular symptoms is not classified and attributed in international literature as being "unspecific". For specific bracing of this patient group we use simple physical tests to predict the brace type the patient is most likely to benefit from. Based on these physical tests we have developed a simple functional classification of "unspecific" low back pain in patients with spinal deformities. Between January 2006 and July 2007 we have tested 130 patients (116 females and 14 males) with spinal deformities (average age 45 years, ranging from 14 years to 69) and chronic unspecific low back pain (pain for > 24 months) along with the indication for brace treatment for chronic unspecific low back pain. Some of the patients had symptoms of spinal claudication (n = 16). The "sagittal realignment test" (SRT) was applied, a lumbar hyperextension test, and the "sagittal delordosation test" (SDT). Additionally 3 female patients with spondylolisthesis were tested, including one female with symptoms of spinal claudication and 2 of these patients were 14 years of age and the other 43yrs old at the time of testing. 117 Patients reported significant pain release in the SRT and 13 in the SDT (> or = 2 steps in the Roland & Morris VRS). 3 Patients had no significant pain release in both of the tests (< 2 steps in the Roland & Morris VRS).Pain intensity was high (3,29) before performing the physical tests (VRS-scale 0-5) and low (1,37) while performing the physical test for the whole sample of patients. The differences where highly significant in the Wilcoxon test (z = -3,79; p < 0,0001).In the 16 patients who did not respond to the SRT in the manual investigation we found hypermobility at L5/S1 or a spondylolisthesis at level L5/S1. In the other patients who responded well to the SRT loss of lumbar lordosis was the main issue, a finding which, according to scientific literature, correlates well with low back pain. The 3 patients who did not respond to either test had a fair pain reduction in a generally delordosing brace with an isolated small foam pad inserted at the level of L 2/3, leading to a lordosation at this region. With the exception of 3 patients (2.3%) a clear distribution to one of the two classes has been possible. 117 patients were supplied successfully with a sagittal realignment test-brace (physio-logic brace) and 13 with a sagittal delordosing brace (spondylogic brace). There were patients with scoliosies and hyperkyphosiesbrace). Therefore a clear distribution of the patients from this sample to either chronic postural or chronic instability back pain was possible. In 2.3% a combined chronic low back pain from the findings obtained seems reasonable. Chronic unspecific low back pain is possible to clearly be classified physically. This functional classification is necessary to decide on which specific conservative approach (physical therapy, braces) should be used.Other factors than spinal deformities contribute to chronic low back pain.

Quantifying Earthquake Collapse Risk of Tall Steel Braced Frame Buildings Using Rupture-to-Rafters Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mourhatch, Ramses

This thesis examines collapse risk of tall steel braced frame buildings using rupture-to-rafters simulations due to suite of San Andreas earthquakes. Two key advancements in this work are the development of (i) a rational methodology for assigning scenario earthquake probabilities and (ii) an artificial correction-free approach to broadband ground motion simulation. The work can be divided into the following sections: earthquake source modeling, earthquake probability calculations, ground motion simulations, building response, and performance analysis. As a first step the kinematic source inversions of past earthquakes in the magnitude range of 6-8 are used to simulate 60 scenario earthquakes on the San Andreas fault. For each scenario earthquake a 30-year occurrence probability is calculated and we present a rational method to redistribute the forecast earthquake probabilities from UCERF to the simulated scenario earthquake. We illustrate the inner workings of the method through an example involving earthquakes on the San Andreas fault in southern California. Next, three-component broadband ground motion histories are computed at 636 sites in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area by superposing short-period (0.2s-2.0s) empirical Green's function synthetics on top of long-period (> 2.0s) spectral element synthetics. We superimpose these seismograms on low-frequency seismograms, computed from kinematic source models using the spectral element method, to produce broadband seismograms. Using the ground motions at 636 sites for the 60 scenario earthquakes, 3-D nonlinear analysis of several variants of an 18-story steel braced frame building, designed for three soil types using the 1994 and 1997 Uniform Building Code provisions and subjected to these ground motions, are conducted. Model performance is classified into one of five performance levels: Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety, Collapse Prevention, Red-Tagged, and Model Collapse. The results are combined with the 30-year probability of occurrence of the San Andreas scenario earthquakes using the PEER performance based earthquake engineering framework to determine the probability of exceedance of these limit states over the next 30 years.

Bracing Regular Polygons as We Race into the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frederickson, Greg N.

2012-01-01

How many rods does it take to brace a square in the plane? Once Martin Gardner's network of readers got their hands on it, it turned out to be fewer than Raphael Robinson, who originally posed the problem, thought. And who could have predicted the stunning solutions found subsequently for various generalizations of the problem?

29 CFR 1926.756 - Beams and columns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) General. (1) During the final placing of solid web structural members, the load shall not be released from... bracing. Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing shall be secured by at least one bolt per... (.46 m) from the extreme outer face of the column in each direction at the top of the column shaft. (e...

29 CFR 1926.756 - Beams and columns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) General. (1) During the final placing of solid web structural members, the load shall not be released from... bracing. Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing shall be secured by at least one bolt per... (.46 m) from the extreme outer face of the column in each direction at the top of the column shaft. (e...

29 CFR 1926.756 - Beams and columns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) General. (1) During the final placing of solid web structural members, the load shall not be released from... bracing. Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing shall be secured by at least one bolt per... (.46 m) from the extreme outer face of the column in each direction at the top of the column shaft. (e...

29 CFR 1926.756 - Beams and columns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) General. (1) During the final placing of solid web structural members, the load shall not be released from... bracing. Solid web structural members used as diagonal bracing shall be secured by at least one bolt per... (.46 m) from the extreme outer face of the column in each direction at the top of the column shaft. (e...

50 CFR Figure 15 to Part 223 - Weedless TED Brace Bar Description

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Weedless TED Brace Bar Description 15 Figure 15 to Part 223 Wildlife and Fisheries NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARINE MAMMALS THREATENED MARINE AND ANADROMOUS SPECIES Pt. 223, Fig. 15 Figure 15 to Part 223...

Combined effects of knee brace, laterally wedged insoles and toe-in gait on knee adduction moment and balance in moderate medial knee osteoarthritis patients.

PubMed

Khan, Saad Jawaid; Khan, Soobia Saad; Usman, Juliana; Mokhtar, Abdul Halim; Abu Osman, Noor Azuan

2018-03-01

To test the hypothesis that toe-in gait (TI) will further reduce first peak (Knee Adduction Moment) KAM and decrease balance when combined with a knee brace (KB) and laterally wedged insoles (LWI) in medial knee osteoarthritis (kOA) patients. Twenty patients with bilateral symptomatic medial kOA. 4-point leverage-based KB, full-length LWI with 5° inclination and toe-in gait (TI). First and second peak knee adduction moment (fKAM and sKAM respectively), balance and pain. The fKAM and sKAM were determined from 3-dimensional gait analysis with six randomized conditions: (1) N (without any intervention), (2) KB, (3) KB + TI, (4) LWI, (5) LWI + TI, (6) KB + LWI + TI. Balance was assessed by Biodex Balance System using three stability settings, (i) Static (ii) Moderate dynamic setting for fall risk (FR12) and (iii) High dynamic setting for fall risk (FR8). The reduction in fKAM and sKAM was greatest (19.75% and 12%) when TI was combined with KB and LWI respectively. No change in balance was observed when TI combined with KB, and LWI and when used concurrently with both the orthosis at static and FR12 conditions. Significant balance reduction was found at FR8 for KB + TI (22.22%), and KB + LWI + TI (35.71%). Pain increased significantly for KB (258%), KB + TI (305%), LWI + TI (210%) and KB + LWI + TI (316%). LWI showed no effect on pain. There is a synergistic effect of TI when combined with KB and LWI concurrently in sKAM reduction. However, the concurrent use of TI, KB and LWI decreases balance and pain as assessed on a highly dynamic platform. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Current concepts and controversies on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Part I.

PubMed

Sud, Alok; Tsirikos, Athanasios I

2013-03-01

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity encountered by General Orthopaedic Surgeons. Etiology remains unclear and current research focuses on genetic factors that may influence scoliosis development and risk of progression. Delayed diagnosis can result in severe deformities which affect the coronal and sagittal planes, as well as the rib cage, waistline symmetry, and shoulder balance. Patient's dissatisfaction in terms of physical appearance and mechanical back pain, as well as the risk for curve deterioration are usually the reasons for treatment. Conservative management involves mainly bracing with the aim to stop or slow down scoliosis progression during growth and if possible prevent the need for surgical treatment. This is mainly indicated in young compliant patients with a large amount of remaining growth and progressive curvatures. Scoliosis correction is indicated for severe or progressive curves which produce significant cosmetic deformity, muscular pain, and patient discontent. Posterior spinal arthrodesis with Harrington instrumentation and bone grafting was the first attempt to correct the coronal deformity and replace in situ fusion. This was associated with high pseudarthrosis rates, need for postoperative immobilization, and flattening of sagittal spinal contour. Segmental correction techniques were introduced along with the Luque rods, Harri-Luque, and Wisconsin systems. Correction in both coronal and sagittal planes was not satisfactory and high rates of nonunion persisted until Cotrel and Dubousset introduced the concept of global spinal derotation. Development of pedicle screws provided a powerful tool to correct three-dimensional vertebral deformity and opened a new era in the treatment of scoliosis.

The middeck 0-gravity dynamics experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crawley, Edward F.; Vanschoor, Marthinus C.; Bokhour, Edward B.

1993-01-01

The Middeck 0-Gravity Dynamics Experiment (MODE), flown onboard the Shuttle STS-48 Mission, consists of three major elements: the Experiment Support Module, a dynamics test bed providing computer experiment control, analog signal conditioning, power conditioning, an operator interface consisting of a keypad and display, experiment electrical and thermal control, and archival data storage: the Fluid Test Article assembly, used to investigate the dynamics of fluid-structure interaction in 0-gravity; and the Structural Test Article for investigating the open-loop dynamics of structures in 0-gravity. Deployable, erectable, and rotary modules were assembled to form three one- and two-dimensional structures, in which variations in bracing wire and rotary joint preload could be introduced. Change in linear modal parameters as well as the change in nonlinear nature of the response is examined. Trends in modal parameters are presented as a function of force amplitude, joint preload, and ambient gravity. An experimental study of the lateral slosh behavior of contained fluids is also presented. A comparison of the measured earth and space results identifies and highlights the effects of gravity on the linear and nonlinear slosh behavior of these fluids.

Infantile developmental thoracolumbar kyphosis with segmental subluxation of the spine: report of five patients and review of the literature.

PubMed

Ganesan, S; Karampalis, C; Garrido, E; Tsirikos, A I

2015-07-01

Acute angulation at the thoracolumbar junction with segmental subluxation of the spine occurring at the level above an anteriorly hypoplastic vertebra in otherwise normal children is a rare condition described as infantile developmental thoracolumbar kyphosis. Three patient series with total of 18 children have been reported in the literature. We report five children who presented with thoracolumbar kyphosis and discuss the treatment algorithm. We reviewed the medical records and spinal imaging at initial clinical presentation and at minimum two-year follow-up. The mean age at presentation was eight months (two to 12). All five children had L2 anterior vertebral body hypoplasia. The kyphosis improved spontaneously in three children kept under monitoring. In contrast, the deformity was progressive in two patients who were treated with bracing. The kyphosis and segmental subluxation corrected at latest follow-up (mean age 52 months; 48 to 60) in all patients with near complete reconstitution of the anomalous vertebra. The deformity and radiological imaging on a young child can cause anxiety to both parents and treating physicians. Diagnostic workup and treatment algorithm in the management of infantile developmental thoracolumbar kyphosis is proposed. Observation is indicated for non-progressive kyphosis and bracing if there is evidence of kyphosis and segmental subluxation deterioration beyond walking age. Surgical stabilisation of the spine can be reserved for severe progressive deformities unresponsive to conservative treatment. ©2015 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.

Experimental measurement of lattice strain pole figures using synchrotron x rays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miller, M.P.; Bernier, J.V.; Park, J.-S.

This article describes a system for mechanically loading test specimens in situ for the determination of lattice strain pole figures and their evolution in multiphase alloys via powder diffraction. The data from these experiments provide insight into the three-dimensional mechanical response of a polycrystalline aggregate and represent an extremely powerful material model validation tool. Relatively thin (0.5 mm) iron/copper specimens were axially strained using a mechanical loading frame beyond the macroscopic yield strength of the material. The loading was halted at multiple points during the deformation to conduct a diffraction experiment using a 0.5x0.5 mm{sup 2} monochromatic (50 keV) xmore » ray beam. Entire Debye rings of data were collected for multiple lattice planes ({l_brace}hkl{r_brace}'s) in both copper and iron using an online image plate detector. Strain pole figures were constructed by rotating the loading frame about the specimen transverse direction. Ideal powder patterns were superimposed on each image for the purpose of geometric correction. The chosen reference material was cerium (IV) oxide powder, which was spread in a thin layer on the downstream face of the specimen using petroleum jelly to prevent any mechanical coupling. Implementation of the system at the A2 experimental station at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) is described. The diffraction moduli measured at CHESS were shown to compare favorably to in situ data from neutron-diffraction experiments conducted on the same alloys.« less

Applicability of Shape Memory Alloy Wire for an Active, Soft Orthotic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stirling, Leia; Yu, Chih-Han; Miller, Jason; Hawkes, Elliot; Wood, Robert; Goldfield, Eugene; Nagpal, Radhika

2011-07-01

Current treatments for gait pathologies associated with neuromuscular disorders may employ a passive, rigid brace. While these provide certain benefits, they can also cause muscle atrophy. In this study, we examined NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires that were annealed into springs to develop an active, soft orthotic (ASO) for the knee. Actively controlled SMA springs may provide variable assistances depending on factors such as when, during the gait cycle, the springs are activated; ongoing muscle activity level; and needs of the wearer. Unlike a passive brace, an active orthotic may provide individualized control, assisting the muscles so that they may be used more appropriately, and possibly leading to a re-education of the neuro-motor system and eventual independence from the orthotic system. A prototype was tested on a suspended, robotic leg to simulate the swing phase of a typical gait. The total deflection generated by the orthotic depended on the knee angle and the total number of actuators triggered, with a max deflection of 35°. While SMA wires have a high energy density, they require a significant amount of power. Furthermore, the loaded SMA spring response times were much longer than the natural frequency of an average gait for the power conditions tested. While the SMA wires are not appropriate for correction of gait pathologies as currently implemented, the ability to have a soft, actuated material could be appropriate for slower timescale applications.

Repeated posterior dislocation of total hip arthroplasty after spinal corrective long fusion with pelvic fixation.

PubMed

Furuhashi, Hiroki; Togawa, Daisuke; Koyama, Hiroshi; Hoshino, Hironobu; Yasuda, Tatsuya; Matsuyama, Yukihiro

2017-05-01

Several reports have indicated that anterior dislocation of total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be caused by spinal degenerative changes with excessive pelvic retroversion. However, no reports have indicated that posterior dislocation can be caused by fixed pelvic anteversion after corrective spine surgery. We describe a rare case experiencing repeated posterior THA dislocation that occurred at 5 months after corrective spinal long fusion with pelvic fixation. A 64-year-old woman had undergone bilateral THA at 13 years before presenting to our institution. She had been diagnosed with kyphoscoliosis and underwent three subsequent spinal surgeries after the THA. We finally performed spinal corrective long fusion from T5 to ilium with pelvic fixation (with iliac screws). Five months later, she experienced severe hip pain when she tried to stand up from the toilet, and was unable to move, due to posterior THA dislocation. Therefore, we performed closed reduction under sedation, and her left hip was easily reduced. After the reduction, she started to walk with a hip abduction brace. However, she had experienced 5 subsequent dislocations. Based on our findings and previous reports, we have hypothesized that posterior dislocation could be occurred after spinal corrective long fusion with pelvic fixation due to three mechanisms: (1) a change in the THA cup alignment before and after spinal corrective long fusion surgery, (2) decreased and fixed pelvic posterior tilt in the sitting position, or (3) the trunk's forward tilting during standing-up motion after spinopelvic fixation. Spinal long fusion with pelvic fixation could be a risk factor for posterior THA dislocation.

Generalized emission functions for photon emission from quark-gluon plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suryanarayana, S. V.

The Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effects on photon emission from the quark-gluon plasma have been studied as a function of photon mass, at a fixed temperature of the plasma. The integral equations for the transverse vector function [f-tilde)(p-tilde){sub (perpendicular)})] and the longitudinal function [g-tilde)(p-tilde){sub (perpendicular)})] consisting of multiple scattering effects are solved by the self-consistent iterations method and also by the variational method for the variable set {l_brace}p{sub 0},q{sub 0},Q{sup 2}{r_brace}. We considered the bremsstrahlung and the off shell annihilation (aws) processes. We define two new dynamical scaling variables, x{sub T},x{sub L}, for bremsstrahlung and aws processes which are functions of variables p{submore » 0},q{sub 0},Q{sup 2}. We define four new emission functions for massive photon emission represented by g{sub T}{sup b},g{sub T}{sup a},g{sub L}{sup b},g{sub L}{sup a} and we constructed these using the exact numerical solutions of the integral equations. These four emission functions have been parametrized by suitable simple empirical fits. Using the empirical emission functions, we calculated the imaginary part of the photon polarization tensor as a function of photon mass and energy.« less

Safety and walking ability of KAFO users with the C-Brace® Orthotronic Mobility System, a new microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis

PubMed Central

Pröbsting, Eva; Kannenberg, Andreas; Zacharias, Britta

2016-01-01

Background: There are clear indications for benefits of stance control orthoses compared to locked knee ankle foot orthoses. However, stance control orthoses still have limited function compared with a sound human leg. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of a microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis compared to stance control orthoses and locked knee ankle foot orthoses in activities of daily living. Study design: Survey of lower limb orthosis users before and after fitting of a microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis. Methods: Thirteen patients with various lower limb pareses completed a baseline survey for their current orthotic device (locked knee ankle foot orthosis or stance control orthosis) and a follow-up for the microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis with the Orthosis Evaluation Questionnaire, a new self-reported outcome measure devised by modifying the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire for use in lower limb orthotics and the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire. Results: The Orthosis Evaluation Questionnaire results demonstrated significant improvements by microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis use in the total score and the domains of ambulation (p = .001), paretic limb health (p = .04), sounds (p = .02), and well-being (p = .01). Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire results showed significant improvements with the microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis with regard to perceived safety and difficulty of activities of daily living. Conclusion: The microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis may facilitate an easier, more physiological, and safer execution of many activities of daily living compared to traditional leg orthosis technologies. Clinical relevance This study compared patient-reported outcomes of a microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis (C-Brace) to those with traditional knee ankle foot orthosis and stance control orthosis devices. The C-Brace offers new functions including controlled knee flexion during weight bearing and dynamic swing control, resulting in significant improvements in perceived orthotic mobility and safety. PMID:27151648

Safety and walking ability of KAFO users with the C-Brace® Orthotronic Mobility System, a new microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis.

PubMed

Pröbsting, Eva; Kannenberg, Andreas; Zacharias, Britta

2017-02-01

There are clear indications for benefits of stance control orthoses compared to locked knee ankle foot orthoses. However, stance control orthoses still have limited function compared with a sound human leg. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of a microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis compared to stance control orthoses and locked knee ankle foot orthoses in activities of daily living. Survey of lower limb orthosis users before and after fitting of a microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis. Thirteen patients with various lower limb pareses completed a baseline survey for their current orthotic device (locked knee ankle foot orthosis or stance control orthosis) and a follow-up for the microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis with the Orthosis Evaluation Questionnaire, a new self-reported outcome measure devised by modifying the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire for use in lower limb orthotics and the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire. The Orthosis Evaluation Questionnaire results demonstrated significant improvements by microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis use in the total score and the domains of ambulation ( p = .001), paretic limb health ( p = .04), sounds ( p = .02), and well-being ( p = .01). Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire results showed significant improvements with the microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis with regard to perceived safety and difficulty of activities of daily living. The microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis may facilitate an easier, more physiological, and safer execution of many activities of daily living compared to traditional leg orthosis technologies. Clinical relevance This study compared patient-reported outcomes of a microprocessor stance and swing control orthosis (C-Brace) to those with traditional knee ankle foot orthosis and stance control orthosis devices. The C-Brace offers new functions including controlled knee flexion during weight bearing and dynamic swing control, resulting in significant improvements in perceived orthotic mobility and safety.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morris, J.R.; Lu, Z.Y.; Ring, D.M.

The authors have examined a variety of structures for the {l_brace}510{r_brace} symmetric tilt boundary in Si, using first-principles calculations. These calculations show that the observed structure in Si is the lowest energy structure. This structure is more complicated than what is necessary to preserve four-fold coordination. They compare the results to classical and tight-binding models, in order to test these empirical approaches.

Automated Airdrop Information Retrieval System-Human Fact ors Database (AAIRS-HFD) (Users Manual)

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-09-01

creeps, or chokes) Pressure Change Disorders Loss of Sensorimotor Abilities Loss of Cognitive/Perceptual Abilities Treatment drug therapy ...physical therapy cognitive therapy biofeedback therapy 73 9. Psychological Factors Situational Awareness altitude awareness Visual/Spatial...on/off valve prebreather Floatation Devices life preserver Scuba Gear Ankle Braces Knee Braces/Pads 82 7. Cargo/Resupply Parachute Assembly

On absolutely continuous weakly mixing cocycles over irrational rotations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rozhdestvenskii, A V

2003-06-30

A weakly mixing cocycle over a rotation {alpha} is a measurable function {phi}:S{sup 1}{yields}S{sup 1}, where S{sup 1}={l_brace}z element of C:|z|=1{r_brace}, such that the equation {phi}{sup n}(z)=c (h(exp(2{pi}i{alpha})z))/(h(z))for almost all z; (*) has no measurable solutions h( {center_dot} ):S{sup 1}{yields}S{sup 1} for any n element of Z{l_brace}0{r_brace} and c element of C, |c|=1. If the irrational number {alpha} has bounded convergents in its continued fraction expansion and a function M(y) increases more slowly than y ln{sup 1/2}y, then it is proved that there exists a weakly mixing cocycle of the form {phi}(exp(2{pi}ix))=exp(2{pi}i{phi}-tilde(x)), where {phi}-tilde:T{yields}R belongs to the class W{sup 1}(M(L)(T)).more » In addition, it is shown that equation (*) (and also the corresponding additive cohomological equation) is soluble for {phi}-tilde element of W{sup 1}(L log{sub +}{sup 1/2}L(T))« less

Behavior of braced excavation in sand under a seismic condition: experimental and numerical studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konai, Sanku; Sengupta, Aniruddha; Deb, Kousik

2018-04-01

The behavior of braced excavation in dry sand under a seismic condition is investigated in this paper. A series of shake table tests on a reduced scale model of a retaining wall with one level of bracing were conducted to study the effect of different design parameters such as excavation depth, acceleration amplitude and wall stiffness. Numerical analyses using FLAC 2D were also performed considering one level of bracing. The strut forces, lateral displacements and bending moments in the wall at the end of earthquake motion were compared with experimental results. The study showed that in a post-seismic condition, when other factors were constant, lateral displacement, bending moment, strut forces and maximum ground surface displacement increased with excavation depth and the amplitude of base acceleration. The study also showed that as wall stiffness decreased, the lateral displacement of the wall and ground surface displacement increased, but the bending moment of the wall and strut forces decreased. The net earth pressure behind the walls was influenced by excavation depth and the peak acceleration amplitude, but did not change significantly with wall stiffness. Strut force was the least affected parameter when compared with others under a seismic condition.

Aeroelasticity of Axially Loaded Aerodynamic Structures for Truss-Braced Wing Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Nhan; Ting, Eric; Lebofsky, Sonia

2015-01-01

This paper presents an aeroelastic finite-element formulation for axially loaded aerodynamic structures. The presence of axial loading causes the bending and torsional sitffnesses to change. For aircraft with axially loaded structures such as the truss-braced wing aircraft, the aeroelastic behaviors of such structures are nonlinear and depend on the aerodynamic loading exerted on these structures. Under axial strain, a tensile force is created which can influence the stiffness of the overall aircraft structure. This tension stiffening is a geometric nonlinear effect that needs to be captured in aeroelastic analyses to better understand the behaviors of these types of aircraft structures. A frequency analysis of a rotating blade structure is performed to demonstrate the analytical method. A flutter analysis of a truss-braced wing aircraft is performed to analyze the effect of geometric nonlinear effect of tension stiffening on the flutter speed. The results show that the geometric nonlinear tension stiffening effect can have a significant impact on the flutter speed prediction. In general, increased wing loading results in an increase in the flutter speed. The study illustrates the importance of accounting for the geometric nonlinear tension stiffening effect in analyzing the truss-braced wing aircraft.

TEM characterization of planar defects in massively transformed TiAl alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, X.D.; Wiezorek, J.M.K.; Fraser, H.L.

1997-12-31

The microstructure of a massively transformed Ti-49at.%Al alloy has been studied by conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) and high resolution TEM (HREM). A high density of planar defects, namely complex anti-phase domain boundaries (CAPDB) and thermal micro-twins (TMT) have been observed. CTEM images and diffraction patterns showed that two anti-phase related {gamma}-matrix domains were generally separated by a thin layer of a 90{degree}-domain, for which the c-axis is rotated 90{degree} over a common cube axis with respect to those of the {gamma}-matrix domains. HREM confirmed the presence of two crystallographically different types of 90{degree}-domains being associated with the CAPDB. Furthermore,more » interactions between the CAPDB and TMT have been observed. Local faceting of the generally wavy, non-crystallographic CAPDB parallel to the {l_brace}111{r_brace}-twinning planes occurred due to interaction with the TMT. The relaxation of the CAPDB onto {l_brace}111{r_brace} required diffusion which is proposed to be enhanced locally in the presence of the dislocations associated with the formation of TMT during the massive transformation.« less

On spectroscopy for a whole Abelian model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chauca, J.; Doria, R.; Aprendanet, Petropolis, 25600

Postulated on the whole meaning a whole abelian gauge symmetry is being introduced. Various physical areas as complexity, statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics are partially supporting this approach where the whole is at origin. However, the reductionist crisis given by quark confinement definitely sustains this insight. It says that fundamental parts can not be seen isolatedely. Consequently, there is an experimental situation where the parts should be substituted by something more. This makes us to look for writing the wholeness principle under gauge theory. For this, one reinterprets the gauge parameter where instead of compensating fields it is organizing a systemicmore » gauge symmetry. Now, it introduces a fields set {l_brace}A{sub {mu}I}{r_brace} rotating under a common gauge symmetry. Thus, given a fields collection {l_brace}A{sub {mu}I}{r_brace} as origin, the effort at this work is to investigate on its spectroscopy. Analyze for the abelian case the correspondent involved quanta. Understand that for a whole model diversity replaces elementarity. Derive the associated quantum numbers as spin, mass, charge, discrete symmetries in terms of such systemic symmetry. Observe how the particles diversity is manifested in terms of wholeness.« less

Design method of redundancy of brace-anchor sharing supporting based on cooperative deformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jun-yan; Li, Bing; Liu, Yan; Cai, Shan-bing

2017-11-01

Because of the complicated environment requirement, the support form of foundation pit is diversified, and the brace-anchor sharing support is widely used. However, the research on the force deformation characteristics and the related aspects of the cooperative response of the brace-anchor sharing support is insufficient. The application of redundancy theory in structural engineering has been more mature, but there is little theoretical research on redundancy theory in underground engineering. Based on the idea of collaborative deformation, the paper calculates the ratio of the redundancy degree of the cooperative deformation by using the local reinforcement design method and the structural component redundancy parameter calculation formula based on Frangopol. Combined with the engineering case, through the calculation of the ratio of cooperative deformation redundancy in the joint of brace-anchor sharing support. This paper explores the optimal anchor distribution form under the condition of cooperative deformation, and through the analysis and research of displacement field and stress field, the results of the collaborative deformation are validated by comparing the field monitoring data. It provides theoretical basis for the design of this kind of foundation pit in the future.

Thermal behavior of cylindrical buckling restrained braces at elevated temperatures.

PubMed

Talebi, Elnaz; Tahir, Mahmood Md; Zahmatkesh, Farshad; Yasreen, Airil; Mirza, Jahangir

2014-01-01

The primary focus of this investigation was to analyze sequentially coupled nonlinear thermal stress, using a three-dimensional model. It was meant to shed light on the behavior of Buckling Restraint Brace (BRB) elements with circular cross section, at elevated temperature. Such bracing systems were comprised of a cylindrical steel core encased in a strong concrete-filled steel hollow casing. A debonding agent was rubbed on the core's surface to avoid shear stress transition to the restraining system. The numerical model was verified by the analytical solutions developed by the other researchers. Performance of BRB system under seismic loading at ambient temperature has been well documented. However, its performance in case of fire has yet to be explored. This study showed that the failure of brace may be attributed to material strength reduction and high compressive forces, both due to temperature rise. Furthermore, limiting temperatures in the linear behavior of steel casing and concrete in BRB element for both numerical and analytical simulations were about 196°C and 225°C, respectively. Finally it is concluded that the performance of BRB at elevated temperatures was the same as that seen at room temperature; that is, the steel core yields prior to the restraining system.

Monitoring recovery following syndesmosis sprain: a case report.

PubMed

Spaulding, S J

1995-10-01

A sprain to the tibial-fibular syndesmosis often results in prolonged rehabilitation or surgical intervention before recovery occurs. This paper documents gait recovery both before and after surgery for a syndesmosis sprain. Ground reaction force (GRF) data were available before injury and before surgery. Data were also collected every 3 days from 4 days to 4 months after syndesmosis screw removal (8 weeks after surgery). Weightbearing during the stance phase of gait did not approach normal values until approximately 4 months after syndesmosis screw removal. The push-off phase of gait also was slow to recover. When it was possible for the subject to use one or two crutches, differences in GRF were evident, such that walking with one crutch demonstrated increased force production at the ground. Bracing the ankle with a semirigid brace increased GRF, whereas a boot-type lace-up brace resulted in decreased GRF. In this case report of a combined ankle and syndesmosis sprain, results suggest the weightbearing and push-off force were seriously compromised. Decreasing the number of walking assistive devices and wearing a semirigid ankle brace increased the amount of weightbearing through the affected leg and may have merit in encouraging muscle function.

A comparison of treatment effectiveness between the CAD/CAM method and the manual method for managing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Wong, M S; Cheng, J C Y; Lo, K H

2005-04-01

The treatment effectiveness of the CAD/CAM method and the manual method in managing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was compared. Forty subjects were recruited with twenty subjects for each method. The clinical parameters namely Cobb's angle and apical vertebral rotation were evaluated at the pre-brace and the immediate in-brace visits. The results demonstrated that orthotic treatments rendered by the CAD/CAM method and the conventional manual method were effective in providing initial control of Cobb's angle. Significant decreases (p < 0.05) were found between the pre-brace and immediate in-brace visits for both methods. The mean reductions of Cobb's angle were 12.8 degrees (41.9%) for the CAD/CAM method and 9.8 degrees (32.1%) for the manual method. An initial control of the apical vertebral rotation was not shown in this study. In the comparison between the CAD/CAM method and the manual method, no significant difference was found in the control of Cobb's angle and apical vertebral rotation. The current study demonstrated that the CAD/CAM method can provide similar result in the initial stage of treatment as compared with the manual method.

Braces, wheelchairs, and iron lungs: the paralyzed body and the machinery of rehabilitation in the polio epidemics.

PubMed

Wilson, Daniel J

2005-01-01

The successful fund raising appeals of the March of Dimes employed images of cute crippled children standing on braces and forearm crutches, sitting in wheelchairs, or confined to iron lungs. Those who had to use these devices as a result of polio, however, were often stigmatized as cripples. American cultural antipathy to these assistive devices meant that polio survivors often had to overcome an emotional and psychological resistance to using them. Whatever their fears, polio survivors quickly discovered the functionality of braces and wheelchairs. By confronting the cultural stigma associated with these devices and in some sense embracing these mechanical "friends," polio survivors compensated for their paralyzed bodies and became active in the wider world of home, school and work.

A health economic evaluation of screening and treatment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PubMed

Adobor, Raphael D; Joranger, Paal; Steen, Harald; Navrud, Ståle; Brox, Jens Ivar

2014-01-01

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can progress and affect the health related quality of life of the patients. Research shows that screening is effective in early detection, which allows for bracing and reduced surgical rates, and may save costs, but is still controversial from a health economic perspective. Model based cost minimisation analysis using hospital's costs, administrative data, and market prices to estimate costs in screening, bracing and surgical treatment. Uncertainty was characterised by deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Time horizon was 6 years from first screening at 11 years of age. To compare estimated costs in screening and non-screening scenarios (reduced treatment rates of 90%, 80%, 70% of screening, and non-screening Norway 2012). Data was based on screening and treatment costs in primary health care and in hospital care settings. Participants were 4000, 12-year old children screened in Norway, 115190 children screened in Hong Kong and 112 children treated for scoliosis in Norway in 2012. We assumed equivalent outcome of health related quality of life, and compared only relative costs in screening and non-screening settings. Incremental cost was defined as positive when a non-screening scenario was more expensive relative to screening. Screening per child was € 8.4 (95% CrI 6.6 to10.6), € 10350 (8690 to 12180) per patient braced, and € 45880 (39040 to 55400) per child operated. Incremental cost per child in non-screening scenario of 90% treatment rate was € 13.3 (1 to 27), increasing from € 1.3 (-8 to 11) to € 27.6 (14 to 44) as surgical rates relative to bracing increased from 40% to 80%. For the 80% treatment rate non-screening scenario, incremental cost was € 5.5 (-6 to 18) when screening all, and € 11.3 (2 to 22) when screening girls only. For the non-screening Norwegian scenario, incremental cost per child was € -0.1(-14 to 16). Bracing and surgery were the main cost drivers and contributed most to uncertainty. With the assumptions applied in the present study, screening is cost saving when performed in girls only, and when it leads to reduced treatment rates. Cost of surgery was dominating in non-screening whilst cost of bracing was dominating in screening. The economic gain of screening increases when it leads to higher rates of bracing and reduced surgical rates.

Response of a 2-story test-bed structure for the seismic evaluation of nonstructural systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soroushian, Siavash; Maragakis, E. "Manos"; Zaghi, Arash E.; Rahmanishamsi, Esmaeel; Itani, Ahmad M.; Pekcan, Gokhan

2016-03-01

A full-scale, two-story, two-by-one bay, steel braced-frame was subjected to a number of unidirectional ground motions using three shake tables at the UNR-NEES site. The test-bed frame was designed to study the seismic performance of nonstructural systems including steel-framed gypsum partition walls, suspended ceilings and fire sprinkler systems. The frame can be configured to perform as an elastic or inelastic system to generate large floor accelerations or large inter story drift, respectively. In this study, the dynamic performance of the linear and nonlinear test-beds was comprehensively studied. The seismic performance of nonstructural systems installed in the linear and nonlinear test-beds were assessed during extreme excitations. In addition, the dynamic interactions of the test-bed and installed nonstructural systems are investigated.

Space Fabrication Demonstration System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

Progress on fabrication facility (beam builder) support structure control, clamp/weld block, and welding and truss cut off is discussed. The brace attachment design was changed and the design of the weld mechanism was modified which achieved the following system benefits: (1) simplified weld electrode life; (2) reduced weld power requirements; and (3) simplified brace attachment mechanisms. Static and fatigue characteristics of spot welded 2024T3 aluminum joints are evaluated.

Ionothermal syntheses of three transition-metal-containing polyoxotungstate hybrids exhibiting the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, W.-L.; Chen, B.-W.; Tan, H.-Q.

2010-02-15

Employing the ionothermal synthesis approach, three new transition-metal-containing polyoxotungstate hybrids: [Dmim]{sub 2}Na{sub 3}[SiW{sub 11}O{sub 39}Fe(H{sub 2}O)].H{sub 2}O (Dmim=1,3-Dimethylimidazole) (1), [Emim]{sub 9}Na{sub 8}[(SiW{sub 9}O{sub 34}){sub 3}{l_brace}Fe{sub 3}(mu{sub 2}-OH){sub 2}(mu{sub 3}-O){r_brace}{sub 3}(WO{sub 4})].0.5H{sub 2}O (Emim=1-Ethyl-3-meth-ylimidazole) (2) and [Dmim]2[HMim]Na{sub 6}[(AsW{sub 9}O{sub 33}){sub 2}{l_brace}Mn{sup III}(H{sub 2}O){r_brace}{sub 3}].3H{sub 2}O (Dmim=1,3-Dimethylimidazole; Mim=1-Methylimidazole) (3) have been synthesized in 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([Emim]Br) ionic liquids (ILs). Compound 1 possesses a 3-D open framework constructed from the mono-iron{sup III}-substituted alpha-Keggin-type anion and the organic cations [Dmim]+ through the hydrogen bond interactions. Compound 2 contains a [{l_brace}Fe{sup III}{sub 3}(mu{sub 2}-OH){sub 2}(mu{sub 3}-O){r_brace}{sub 3}(mu{sub 4}-WO{sub 4})] cluster surrounded by three [SiW{submore » 9}O{sub 34}]{sup 10-} ligands, eight sodium cations and nine dissociative [Emim]{sup +} cations around the polyoxoanion. The polyoxoanion of 3 consists of a high-valent trinuclear-manganese (III)-substituted sandwiching polyoxoanion based on the [alpha-AsW{sub 9}O{sub 33}]{sup 9-} units. All the compounds are characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis spectra, TG-DTA and XRD analyses. The XPS and EPR spectra of Mn{sup III} in 3 were studied. The photocatalytic and electrocatalytic properties, as well as the stabilities of 1-3 were also investigated. - Graphical abstract: Three new transition-metal-containing polyoxotungstate hybrids were synthesized successfully under the ionothermal condition, which proves that the ionothermal synthesis is a suitable synthetic method for different kinds of polyoxometalates.« less

A 3D complex containing novel 2D Cu{sup II}-azido layers: Structure, magnetic properties and effects of 'Non-innocent' reagent

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gao, Xue-Miao; Guo, Qian; Zhao, Jiong-Peng, E-mail: horryzhao@yahoo.com

A novel copper-azido coordination polymer, [Cu{sub 2}(N{sub 3}){sub 3}(L)]{sub n} (1, HL=pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid), has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction with 'Non-innocent' reagent in the aqueous solution. In the reaction system, Cu{sup II} ions are avoided to reduce to Cu{sup I} ions due to the existence of Nd{sup III}. It is found that the complex is a 3D structure based on two double EO azido bridged trimmers and octahedron Cu{sup II} ions, in which the azide ligands take on EO and {mu}{sub 1,1,3} mode to form Cu{sup II}-azido 2D layers, furthermore L ligands pillar 2D layers into an infinite 3D frameworkmore » with the Schlaefli symbol of {l_brace}4;6{sup 2}{r_brace}4{l_brace}4{sup 2};6{sup 12};8{sup 10};10{sup 4}{r_brace}{l_brace}4{sup 2};6{sup 4}{r_brace}. Magnetic studies revealed that the interactions between the Cu{sup II} ions in the trimmer are ferromagnetic for the Cu-N-Cu angle nearly 98 Degree-Sign , while the interactions between the trimmer and octahedron Cu{sup II} ion are antiferromgantic and result in an antiferromagnetic state. - Graphical abstract: A 3D complex containing novel 2D Cu{sup II}-azido layers, [Cu{sub 2}(N{sub 3}){sub 3}(L)]{sub n} (HL=pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid), was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and exhibit interesting structure and magnetic properties. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 'Non-innocent' reagents plays a key role in the process of formation of this complex. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 2D layer is formed only by Cu{sup II} ions and azido ligands. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pyrazine-2-carboxylate ligands reinforce 2D layers and pillar them into an infinite 3D framework. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Magnetic study indicates that alternating FM-AF coupling exists in the complex.« less

Direct and inverse theorems on approximation by root functions of a regular boundary-value problem

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radzievskii, G V

2006-08-31

One considers the spectral problem x{sup (n)}+ Fx={lambda}x with boundary conditions U{sub j}(x)=0, j=1,...,n, for functions x on [0,1]. It is assumed that F is a linear bounded operator from the Hoelder space C{sup {gamma}}, {gamma} element of [0,n-1), into L{sub 1} and the U{sub j} are bounded linear functionals on C{sup k{sub j}} with k{sub j} element of {l_brace}0,...,n- 1{r_brace}. Let P{sub {zeta}} be the linear span of the root functions of the problem x{sup (n)}+ Fx={lambda}x, U{sub j}(x)=0, j=1,...,n, corresponding to the eigenvalues {lambda}{sub k} with |{lambda}{sub k}|<{zeta}{sup n}, and let E{sub {zeta}}(f){sub W{sub p}{sup l}}:=inf{l_brace}||f-g||{sub W{sub p}{supmore » l}}:g element of P{sub {zeta}}{r_brace}. An estimate of E{sub {zeta}}(f){sub W{sub p}{sup l}} is obtained in terms of the K-functional K({zeta}{sup -m},f;W{sub p}{sup l},W{sub p,U}{sup l+m}):= inf{l_brace}||f-x||{sub W{sub p}{sup l}}+{zeta}{sup -m}||x||{sub W{sub p}{sup l}{sup +}{sup m}}:x element of W{sub p}{sup l+m}, U{sub j}(x)=0 for k{sub j}

Orthopedic Management of Scoliosis by Garches Brace and Spinal Fusion in SMA Type 2 Children.

PubMed

Catteruccia, Michela; Vuillerot, Carole; Vaugier, Isabelle; Leclair, Danielle; Azzi, Viviane; Viollet, Louis; Estournet, Brigitte; Bertini, Enrico; Quijano-Roy, Susana

2015-11-21

Scoliosis is the most debilitating issue in SMA type 2 patients. No evidence confirms the efficacy of Garches braces (GB) to delay definitive spinal fusion. Compare orthopedic and pulmonary outcomes in children with SMA type 2 function to management. We carried out a monocentric retrospective study on 29 SMA type 2 children who had spinal fusion between 1999 and 2009. Patients were divided in 3 groups: group 1-French patients (12 children) with a preventive use of GB; group 2-French patients (10 children) with use of GB after the beginning of the scoliosis curve; and group 3-Italian patients (7 children) with use of GB after the beginning of the scoliosis curve referred to our centre to perform orthopedic preoperative management. Mean preoperative and postoperative Cobb angle were significantly lower in the group 1 of proactively braced than in group 2 or 3 (Anova p = 0.03; Kruskal Wallis test p = 0.05). Better surgical results were observed in patients with a minor preoperative Cobb angle (r = 0.92 p <  0.0001). Fewer patients in the group 1 proactively braced required trunk casts and/or halo traction and an additional anterior fusion in comparison with patients in the group 2 and 3. Moreover, major complications tend to be less in the group 1 proactively braced. No significant differences were found between groups in pulmonary outcome measures. A proactive orthotic management may improve orthopedic outcome in SMA type 2. Further prospective studies comparing SMA management are needed to confirm these results. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors on jbjs.org for a complete description of levels of evidence (Retrospective comparative study).

The validity of compliance monitors to assess wearing time of thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthoses in children with spinal cord injury.

PubMed

Hunter, Louis N; Sison-Williamson, Mitell; Mendoza, Melissa M; McDonald, Craig M; Molitor, Fred; Mulcahey, M J; Betz, Randal R; Vogel, Lawrence C; Bagley, Anita

2008-06-15

Prospective multicenter observation. To determine the validity of 3 commercially available at recording thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthosis (TLSO) wearing time of children with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to assess each monitor's function during daily activities. A major limitation to studies assessing the effectiveness of spinal prophylactic bracing is the patient's compliance with the prescribed wearing time. Although some studies have begun to use objective compliance monitors, there is little documentation of the validity of the monitors during activities of daily life and no comparisons of available monitors. Fifteen children with SCI who wore a TLSO for paralytic scoliosis were observed for 4 days during their rehabilitation stay. Three compliance monitors (2 temperature and 1 pressure sensitive) were mounted onto each TLSO. Time of brace wear from the monitors was compared with the wear time per day recorded in diaries. Observed versus monitored duration of brace wear found the HOBO (temperature sensitive) to be the most valid compliance monitor. The HOBO had the lowest average of difference and variance of difference scores. The correlation between the recorded daily entries and monitored brace wear time was also highest for the HOBO in analysis of dependent and independent scores. Bland-Altman plots showed that the pressure sensitive monitor underestimated wear time whereas the temperature monitors overestimated wear time. Compliance to prescribed wearing schedule has been a barrier to studying TLSO efficacy. All 3 monitors were found to measure TLSO compliance, but the 2 temperature monitors were more in agreement with the daily diaries. Based on its functional advantages compared with the HOBO, the StowAway TidbiT will be used to further investigate the long-term compliance of TLSO bracing in children with SCI.

Use of a shoulder abduction brace after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A study on gait performance and falls.

PubMed

Sonoda, Yuma; Nishioka, Takashi; Nakajima, Ryo; Imai, Shinji; Vigers, Piers; Kawasaki, Taku

2018-04-01

Fall prevention is essential in patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair because of the high risk of re-rupture. However, there are no reports related to falls that occur during the early postoperative period, while the affected limb is immobilized. This study assessed gait performance and falls in patients using a shoulder abduction brace after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Prospective cohort and postoperative repeated measures. This study included 29 patients (mean age, 67.1 ± 7.4 years) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair followed by rehabilitation. The timed up and go test, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Falls Efficacy Scale were measured, and the numbers of falls were compared between those shoulder abduction brace users and patients who had undergone total hip or knee arthroplasty. In arthroscopic rotator cuff repair patients, there were significant improvements in timed up and go test and Geriatric Depression Scale, but no significant differences in Falls Efficacy Scale, between the second and fifth postoperative weeks ( p < 0.05). Additionally, arthroscopic rotator cuff repair patients fell more often than patients with total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty during the same period. The findings suggest that rehabilitation in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair patients is beneficial, but decreased gait performance due to the immobilizing shoulder abduction brace can lead to falls. Clinical relevance Although rehabilitation helps motor function and mental health after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, shoulder abduction brace use is associated with impaired gait performance, high Falls Efficacy Scale scores, and risk of falls, so awareness of risk factors including medications and lower limb dysfunctions is especially important after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Expecting ankle tilts and wearing an ankle brace influence joint control in an imitated ankle sprain mechanism during walking.

PubMed

Gehring, Dominic; Wissler, Sabrina; Lohrer, Heinz; Nauck, Tanja; Gollhofer, Albert

2014-03-01

A thorough understanding of the functional aspects of ankle joint control is essential to developing effective injury prevention. It is of special interest to understand how neuromuscular control mechanisms and mechanical constraints stabilize the ankle joint. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine how expecting ankle tilts and the application of an ankle brace influence ankle joint control when imitating the ankle sprain mechanism during walking. Ankle kinematics and muscle activity were assessed in 17 healthy men. During gait rapid perturbations were applied using a trapdoor (tilting with 24° inversion and 15° plantarflexion). The subjects either knew that a perturbation would definitely occur (expected tilts) or there was only the possibility that a perturbation would occur (potential tilts). Both conditions were conducted with and without a semi-rigid ankle brace. Expecting perturbations led to an increased ankle eversion at foot contact, which was mediated by an altered muscle preactivation pattern. Moreover, the maximal inversion angle (-7%) and velocity (-4%), as well as the reactive muscle response were significantly reduced when the perturbation was expected. While wearing an ankle brace did not influence muscle preactivation nor the ankle kinematics before ground contact, it significantly reduced the maximal ankle inversion angle (-14%) and velocity (-11%) as well as reactive neuromuscular responses. The present findings reveal that expecting ankle inversion modifies neuromuscular joint control prior to landing. Although such motor control strategies are weaker in their magnitude compared with braces, they seem to assist ankle joint stabilization in a close-to-injury situation. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

13. 'Transverse Bracing for 1 208'101/2' C. to C. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. 'Transverse Bracing for 1 - 208'-10-1/2' C. to C. End Pins S. Tr. Thro. Skew Span, 6th Crossing of Sacramento River, So. Pac. Co., The Phoenix Bridge Co., C.O. 836D, Drawing No. 7, Scale - 1' = 1', Engineer - B.M. Krohn, May 11th `01, Slaughter' - Southern Pacific Railroad Shasta Route, Bridge No. 301.85, Milepost 301.85, Pollard Flat, Shasta County, CA

13. 'Portal and Transverse Bracing, 1 180'01/4' c. to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. 'Portal and Transverse Bracing, 1 - 180'-0-1/4' c. to c. end pins S. Tr. Thro. Truss Span, 16th Crossing Sacramento River, Sacramento Division, So. Pac. Co., The Phoenix Bridge Co., C.O. #842, Draw #6, Engineer C. Scheidl, Draftsman Hermanns, Scale 1' = 1', Apr. 26, 1901.' - Southern Pacific Railroad Shasta Route, Bridge No. 324.99, Milepost 324.99, Shasta Springs, Siskiyou County, CA

Perceived task complexity of trunk stability exercises.

PubMed

McPhee, Megan; Tucker, Kylie J; Wan, Alan; MacDonald, David A

2017-02-01

Perceived task complexity can impact participation in an exercise programme and the level of skill acquisition resulting from participation. Although trunk stability exercises are commonly included in the management of people with low back pain, potential differences in perceived task complexity between those exercises have not been investigated previously. To investigate the perceived task complexity following first time instruction of two common stability exercises: the abdominal brace and abdominal hollow. Cross-sectional. Twenty-four naïve healthy participants received instruction in the performance of an abdominal brace and an abdominal hollow with feedback. Participants rated their perceived task complexity (mental, physical, and temporal demand, performance, effort, frustration) for each exercise on the NASA-Task Load Index. The abdominal hollow was associated with higher perceived mental demand than the abdominal brace (p = 0.01), and required more time to learn (p < 0.01). The abdominal brace was associated with greater mental demand and frustration when performed after the abdominal hollow than before. This study has provided the first evidence for differences in perceived task complexity between two commonly used trunk stability exercises. Those differences in perceived task complexity may influence the selection of exercises intended to enhance the robustness of spinal stability. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interfacial microstructure in a B{sub 4}C/Al composite fabricated by pressureless infiltration.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luo, Z.; Song, Y.; Zhang, S.

In this work, B{sub 4}C particulate-reinforced Al composite was fabricated by a pressureless infiltration technique, and its interfacial microstructure was studied in detail by X-ray diffraction as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The B{sub 4}C phase was unstable in Al melt during the infiltration process, forming AlB{sub 10}-type AlB{sub 24}C{sub 4} or Al{sub 2.1}B{sub 51}C{sub 8} as a major reactant phase. The Al matrix was large grains (over 10 {micro}m), which had no definite orientation relationships (ORs) with the randomly orientated B{sub 4}C or its reactant particles, except for possible nucleation sites with {l_brace}011{r_brace}{sub B{sub 4}C} almostmore » parallel to {l_brace}111{r_brace}{sub Al} at a deviation angle of 1.5 deg. Both B{sub 4}C-Al and reactant-Al interfaces are semicoherent and free of other phases. A comparison was made with the SiC/Al composite fabricated similarly by the pressureless infiltration. It was suggested that the lack of ORs between the Al matrix and reinforced particles, except for possible nucleation sites, is the common feature of the composites prepared by the infiltration method.« less

A Non-surgical Intervention for Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears.

PubMed

Barlow, Susan J

2016-12-01

The current literature contains no reports of treatment options other than surgery following failed conservative management of a triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tear. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of a novel brace as a non-surgical intervention for TFCC tears. This paper is a case study of a subject with a magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed TFCC tear. As an alternative to surgery, he consented to wear a novel brace for 12 weeks after conservative management of his injury had failed. His recovery from injury was monitored with a weight-bearing tolerance test and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) outcome measure. An increase in weight-bearing tolerance and upper extremity use was evident immediately after donning the brace. After 12 weeks, the subject demonstrated a return to normal weight-bearing tolerance and normal DASH outcome measure scores. These improvements were still evident at a 1-year follow-up appointment. Utilizing this novel brace resulted in functional status improvement in a subject with a TFCC tear as demonstrated by significant changes in his DASH outcome measure scores. This case study demonstrates the first non-surgical alternative treatment for a TFCC tear after conservative management has failed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Thermal Behavior of Cylindrical Buckling Restrained Braces at Elevated Temperatures

PubMed Central

Talebi, Elnaz; Tahir, Mahmood Md.; Yasreen, Airil

2014-01-01

The primary focus of this investigation was to analyze sequentially coupled nonlinear thermal stress, using a three-dimensional model. It was meant to shed light on the behavior of Buckling Restraint Brace (BRB) elements with circular cross section, at elevated temperature. Such bracing systems were comprised of a cylindrical steel core encased in a strong concrete-filled steel hollow casing. A debonding agent was rubbed on the core's surface to avoid shear stress transition to the restraining system. The numerical model was verified by the analytical solutions developed by the other researchers. Performance of BRB system under seismic loading at ambient temperature has been well documented. However, its performance in case of fire has yet to be explored. This study showed that the failure of brace may be attributed to material strength reduction and high compressive forces, both due to temperature rise. Furthermore, limiting temperatures in the linear behavior of steel casing and concrete in BRB element for both numerical and analytical simulations were about 196°C and 225°C, respectively. Finally it is concluded that the performance of BRB at elevated temperatures was the same as that seen at room temperature; that is, the steel core yields prior to the restraining system. PMID:24526915

Comparison of cast materials for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: a prospective randomized controlled trial

PubMed Central

Hui, Catherine; Joughin, Elaine; Nettel-Aguirre, Alberto; Goldstein, Simon; Harder, James; Kiefer, Gerhard; Parsons, David; Brauer, Carmen; Howard, Jason

2014-01-01

Background The Ponseti method of congenital idiopathic clubfoot correction has traditionally specified plaster of Paris (POP) as the cast material of choice; however, there are negative aspects to using POP. We sought to determine the influence of cast material (POP v. semirigid fibreglass [SRF]) on clubfoot correction using the Ponseti method. Methods Patients were randomized to POP or SRF before undergoing the Ponseti method. The primary outcome measure was the number of casts required for clubfoot correction. Secondary outcome measures included the number of casts by severity, ease of cast removal, need for Achilles tenotomy, brace compliance, deformity relapse, need for repeat casting and need for ancillary surgical procedures. Results We enrolled 30 patients: 12 randomized to POP and 18 to SRF. There was no difference in the number of casts required for clubfoot correction between the groups (p = 0.13). According to parents, removal of POP was more difficult (p < 0.001), more time consuming (p < 0.001) and required more than 1 method (p < 0.001). At a final follow-up of 30.8 months, the mean times to deformity relapse requiring repeat casting, surgery or both were 18.7 and 16.4 months for the SRF and POP groups, respectively. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the number of casts required for correction of clubfoot between the 2 materials, but SRF resulted in a more favourable parental experience, which cannot be ignored as it may have a positive impact on psychological well-being despite the increased cost associated. PMID:25078929

Correction of ankle and hind foot deformity in Charcot neuroarthropathy using a retrograde hind foot nail-The Kings' Experience.

PubMed

Vasukutty, N; Jawalkar, H; Anugraha, A; Chekuri, R; Ahluwalia, R; Kavarthapu, V

2017-04-28

Corrective fusion for the unstable deformed hind foot and mid foot in Charcot Neuroarthropathy (CN) is quite challenging and is best done in tertiary centres under the supervision of multidisciplinary teams. We present a follow up to our initial report with a series of 42 hind foot corrections in 40 patients from a tertiary level teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. The mean patient age was 59 (33-82). 17 patients had type1diabetes mellitus, 23 had type 2. 23 feet in 22 patients had chronic ulceration despite offloading. 17 patients were ASA 2 and 23 were ASA grade 3. All patients had hind foot nail fusion performed through a standard technique by the senior author and managed perioperatively by the multidisciplinary team. At a mean follow up of 42 months (12-99) we achieved 100% limb salvage initially and a 97% fusion rate. One patient with persisting non-union of ankle and subtalar joint with difficulty in bracing has been offered below-knee amputation. We achieved deformity correction in 100% and ulcer healing in 83%. 83% patients are able to mobilize and manage independent activities of daily living. There were 11 patients with one or more complications including metal work failure, infection and ulcer reactivation. There have been nine repeat procedures including one revision fixation and one vascular procedure. Single stage corrective fusion for hind foot deformity in CN is an effective procedure when delivered by a skilled multidisciplinary team. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Positive communication paradigm decreases early recurrence in clubfoot treatment.

PubMed

Morin, Matthew L; Hoopes, Daniel M; Szalay, Elizabeth A

2014-03-01

The Ponseti method has become the treatment standard for idiopathic clubfoot. Deformity recurrence is most commonly attributed to premature abandonment of the requisite abduction orthosis. A study in 2009 from our center revealed a high rate of deformity recurrence in our patient population. It was surmised that the importance of bracing to maintain correction had not been adequately communicated to some families, especially Native Americans. As a result, the principal investigator developed a different communication protocol for parents of infants. All children treated for clubfoot at the University of New Mexico Carrie Tingley Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, from 2008 to 2010 were reviewed. They were compared with a historical control group from this institution, the subjects of the 2009 study, and were analyzed for the rate of recurrence and Pirani score improvement. Our study cohort comprised 69 infants (104 clubfeet), all of whom were treated with the new communication style. The recurrence rate for the new communication paradigm was 2.88% compared with 18.2% in the control group (P<0.001). The Pirani score improvement was 4.0 in the treatment group compared with 3.5 in the control group (P=0.001). Native American recurrence was zero in the treatment group and 41% in the control group (P=0.011). A positive, rather than a negative communication style, emphasis on the brace as the most important aspect of treatment, and a more culturally sensitive family education paradigm, resulted in a lower rate of deformity recurrence when treating children with clubfeet using the Ponseti method. Level III.

On the Ramsey numbers for complete distance graphs with vertices in {l_brace}0,1{r_brace}{sup n}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mikhailov, Kirill A; Raigorodskii, Andrei M

2009-12-31

A new problem of Ramsey type is posed for complete distance graphs in R{sup n} with vertices in the Boolean cube. This problem is closely related to the classical Nelson-Erdos-Hadwiger problem on the chromatic number of a space. Several quite sharp estimates are obtained for certain numerical characteristics that appear in the framework of the problem. Bibliography: 15 titles.

Rehabilitation device with variable resistance and intelligent control

PubMed Central

Dong, Shufang; Lu, Ke-Qian; Sun, J.Q.; Rudolph, Katherine

2008-01-01

Resistance exercise has been widely reported to have positive rehabilitation effects for patients with neuromuscular and orthopaedic conditions. This paper presents an optimal design of magneto-rheological fluid dampers for variable resistance exercise device in the form of a knee brace. An intelligent supervisory control for regulating the resistive force or torque of the knee brace has also been studied. The device provides both isometric and isokinetic strength training for the knee. PMID:15694609

The Soviet Theory of Reflexive Control in Historical and Psychocultural Perspective: A Preliminary Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-07-01

broad spectrum of military and political affairs. After all, historian Hannah Arendt ,153 economist John Kenneth Galbraith,154 and sociologists Raven and...Military Systems Engineering (op. cit.), pp. 334-348. 153 Arendt , Hannah , The Origins of Totalitarianism, Harcourt Brace and Company, New York, 1951...and Crisis Behavior, George Allen and Unwin, London, 198Z. Arendt , Hannah , The Origins of Totalitarianism, Harcourt Brace and Company, New York, 1951

Dppm-Assisted synthesis and reactivity of bimetallic M-Mo, M-W, M-Co, and M-Mn (M = Pt, Pd) complexes. Crystal structure of [([eta][sup 2]-dppm)[ovr Pt([mu]-dppm)W](CO)[sub 2]Cp][PF[sub 6

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Braunstein, P.; de Meric de Bellefon, C.; Oswald, B.

1993-04-28

Heterometallic carbonyl complexes and clusters were prepared by reaction of dppm (dppm = Ph[sub 2]PCH[sub 2]PPh[sub 2]) with linear trinuclear chain complexes trans-[Pt(or Pd)[l brace]m(CO)[r brace][sub 2](NCPh)[sub 2

Parachute Ankle Brace Effectiveness Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

increase in the risk of other injuries (2, 7, 11). There were no differences in risk of ankle injury comparing periods when brace use was not...2006. The exclusions based on age and missing data were thought to represent coding errors . (Figure 2.1) 5 Figure 2.1 PAS Extens ion Project...similar to the referent (data not shown). Rate ratios were similar after adjustment for age at start of training, rank, duration of service, ankle

The aerodynamic properties of thick aerofoils suitable for internal bracing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Norton, F H

1920-01-01

The object of this investigation was to determine the characteristics of various types of wings having sufficient depth to entirely inclose the wing bracing, and also to provide data for the further design of such sections. This type of wing is of interest because it eliminates the resistance of the interplane bracing, a portion of the airplane that sometimes absorbs one-quarter of the total power required to fly, and because these wings may be made to give a very high maximum lift. Results of the investigation of the following subjects are given: (1) effect of changing the upper and lower camber of thick aerofoils of uniform section; (2) effect of thickening the center and thinning the tips of a thin aerofoil; (3) effect of adding a convex lower surface to a tapered section; (4) effect of changing the mean thickness with constant center and tip sections; and (5) effect of varying the chord along the span.

Towards evidence-based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 2: Immobilisation of stable ankle fractures: plaster cast or functional brace?

PubMed

Thackray, Anna J; Taylor, Jonathan

2013-06-01

A short-cut review of the literature was carried out to establish whether a functional brace was as good as a traditional plaster of Paris to immobilise a stable ankle fracture in terms of functionality and recovery speed. A total of 260 papers was found using the below outlined search method, of which five were thought to represent the best evidence to answer the specific clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these are shown in table 2. The clinical bottom line is that the limited evidence seems to suggest that a functional brace appears to give more favourable outcomes. Good quality studies involving large populations are, however, needed to delineate a clear answer to this specific question.

Selectively Lockable Knee Brace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, W. Neill (Inventor); Shadoan, Michael D. (Inventor); Forbes, John C. (Inventor); Baker, Kevin J. (Inventor); Rice, Darron C. (Inventor)

1996-01-01

A knee brace for aiding in rehabilitation of damaged leg muscles includes upper and lower housings normally pivotable one relative to the other about the knee joint axis of a patient. The upper housing is attachable to the thigh of the patient above the knee joint while the lower housing is secured to a stirrup which extends downwardly along the patient's leg and is attached to the patient's shoe. An actuation rod is carried within the lower housing and is coupled to a cable. The upper and lower housings carry cooperative clutch/brake elements which normally are disengaged to permit relative movement between the upper and lower housings. When the cable is extended the clutch/brake elements engage and lock the housings together. A heel strike mechanism fastened to the stirrup and the heel of the shoe is connected to the cable to selectively extend the cable and lock the brace in substantially any position when the patient places weight on the heel.

Refrigerator with anti-sweat hot liquid loop

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woolley, S.J.; Cushing, D.S.; Jenkins, T.E.

A cabinet assembly for a refrigerator having a freezer compartment ontop with two top front corners, a fresh food compartment on the bottom, a mullion partition between the compartments and a hot liquid anti-sweat loop is described comprising; an outer sheet metal shell having a top panel, side panels and a front face, a brace located at each of the two top front corners of the cabinet and having two formed sections at right angles to each other and each section is formed as an inwardly open U-shaped channel having a base, a first leg and a second leg spacedmore » apart and integrally joined to the base, fastening means for rigidly attaching each of the second leg of the corner braces to the flange of the third wall of the front face, and means to secure a portion of the hot liquid anti-sweat loop to the braces.« less

Selectively lockable knee brace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Myers, Neill (Inventor); Shadoan, Mike (Inventor); Forbes, John (Inventor); Baker, Kevin (Inventor)

1994-01-01

A knee brace for aiding in rehabilitation of damaged leg muscles includes upper and lower housings, normally pivotable, one relative to the other about the knee joint axis of a patient. The upper housing is attachable to the thigh of the patient above the knee joint, while the lower housing is secured to a stirrup which extends downwardly along the patient's leg and is attached to the patient's shoe. An actuation rod is carried within the lower housing and is coupled to a cable. The upper and lower housings carry cooperative clutch/brake elements which normally are disengaged to permit relative movement between the upper and lower housings. When the cable is extended, the clutch/brake elements engage and lock the housings together. A heel strike mechanism fastened to the stirrup and the heel of the shoe is connected to the cable to selectively extend the cable and lock the brace in substantially any position when the patient places weight on the heel.

Flexibility and rigidity of cross-linked Straight Fibrils under axial motion constraints.

PubMed

Nagy Kem, Gyula

2016-09-01

The Straight Fibrils are stiff rod-like filaments and play a significant role in cellular processes as structural stability and intracellular transport. Introducing a 3D mechanical model for the motion of braced cylindrical fibrils under axial motion constraint; we provide some mechanism and a graph theoretical model for fibril structures and give the characterization of the flexibility and the rigidity of this bar-and-joint spatial framework. The connectedness and the circuit of the bracing graph characterize the flexibility of these structures. In this paper, we focus on the kinematical properties of hierarchical levels of fibrils and evaluate the number of the bracing elements for the rigidity and its computational complexity. The presented model is a good characterization of the frameworks of bio-fibrils such as microtubules, cellulose, which inspired this work. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A quantitative method for evaluating inferior glenohumeral joint stiffness using ultrasonography.

PubMed

Tsai, Wen-Wei; Lee, Ming-Yih; Yeh, Wen-Lin; Cheng, Shih-Chung; Soon, Kok-Soon; Lei, Kin Fong; Lin, Wen-Yen

2013-02-01

Subluxation of the affected shoulder in post-stroke patients is associated with nerve disorders and muscle fatigue. Clinicians must be able to accurately and reliably measure inferior glenohumeral subluxation in patients to provide appropriate treatment. However, quantitative methods for evaluating the laxity and stiffness of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) are still being developed. The aim of this study was to develop a new protocol for evaluating the laxity and stiffness of the inferior GHJ using ultrasonography under optimal testing conditions and to investigate changes in the GHJ from a commercially available humerus brace and shoulder brace. Multistage inferior displacement forces were applied to create a glide between the most cephalad point on the visible anterosuperior surface of the humeral head and coracoid process in seven healthy volunteers. GHJ stiffness was defined as the slope of the linear regression line between the glides and different testing loads. The testing conditions were defined by different test loading mechanisms (n=2), shoulder constraining conditions (n=2), and loading modes (n=4). The optimal testing condition was defined as the condition with the least residual variance of measured laxity to the calculated stiffness under different testing loads. A paired t-test was used to compare the laxity and stiffness of the inferior GHJ using different braces. No significant difference was identified between the two test loading mechanisms (t=0.218, p=0.831) and two shoulder constraining conditions (t=-0.235, p=0.818). We concluded that ultrasonographic laxity measurements performed using a pulley set loading mechanism was as reliable as direct loading. Additionally, constraining the unloaded shoulder was proposed due to the lower mean residual variance value. Moreover, pulling the elbow downward with loading on the upper arm was suggested, as pulling the elbow downward with the elbow flexed and loading on the forearm may overestimate stiffness and pain in the inferior GHJ at the loading point due to friction between the wide belt and skin. Furthermore, subjects wearing a humerus brace with a belt, which creates the effect of lifting the humerus toward the acromion, had greater GHJ stiffness compared to subjects wearing a shoulder brace without a belt to lift the humerus under the proposed testing conditions. This study provides experimental evidence that shoulder braces may reduce GHJ laxity under an external load, implying that the use of a humeral brace can prevent subluxation in post-stroke patients. The resulting optimal testing conditions for measuring the laxity and stiffness of the GHJ is to constrain the unloaded shoulder and bend the loaded arm at the elbow with loading on the upper arm using a pulley system. Copyright © 2011 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Integration of the Plate Boundary Observatory and Existing GPS Networks in Southern California: A Multi Use Geodetic Network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walls, C.; Blume, F.; Meertens, C.; Arnitz, E.; Lawrence, S.; Miller, S.; Bradley, W.; Jackson, M.; Feaux, K.

2007-12-01

The ultra-stable GPS monument design developed by Southern California Geodetic Network (SCIGN) in the late 1990s demonstrates sub-millimeter errors on long time series where there are a high percentage of observations and low multipath. Following SCIGN, other networks such as PANGA and BARGEN have adopted the monument design for both deep drilled braced monuments (DDBM = 5 legs grouted 10.7 meters into bedrock/stratigraphy) and short drilled braced monuments (SDBM = 4 legs epoxied 2 meters into bedrock). A Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) GPS station consists of a "SCIGN" style monument and state of the art NetRS receiver and IP based communications. Between the years 2003-2008 875 permanent PBO GPS stations are being built throughout the United States. Concomitant with construction of the PBO the majority of pre-existing GPS stations that meet stability specifications are being upgraded with Trimble NetRS and IP based communications to PBO standards under the EarthScope PBO Nucleus project. In 2008, with completed construction of the Plate Boundary Observatory, more than 1100 GPS stations will share common design specifications and have identical receivers with common communications making it the most homogenous geodetic network in the World. Of the 875 total Plate Boundary Observatory GPS stations, 211 proposed sites are distributed throughout the Southern California region. As of August 2007 the production status is: 174 stations built (81 short braced monuments, 93 deep drilled braced monuments), 181 permits signed, 211 permits submitted and 211 station reconnaissance reports. The balance of 37 stations (19 SDBM and 18 DDBM) will be built over the next year from Long Valley to the Mexico border in order of priority as recommended by the PBO Transform, Extension and Magmatic working groups. Fifteen second data is archived for each station and 1 Hz as well as 5 Hz data is buffered to be triggered for download in the event of an earthquake. Communications equipment includes CDMA Proxicast modems, Hughes Vsat, Intuicom 900 MHz Ethernet bridge radios and several "real-time" sites use 2.4 GHz Wilan radios. Ultimately, 125 of the existing former-SCIGN GPS stations will be integrated into the So Cal region of PBO, of which 25 have real-time data streams. At the time of this publication the total combined Southern California region has over 40 stations streaming real-time data using both radios and CDMA modems. The real-time GPS sites provide specific benefits beyond the standard GPS station: they can provide a live correction for local surveyors and can be used to trigger an alarm if large displacements are recorded. The cross fault spatial distribution of these 336 GPS stations in the seismically active southern California region has the grand potential of augmenting a strong motion earthquake early warning system.

Polish adaptation of Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace and Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity

PubMed Central

Głowacki, Maciej; Harasymczuk, Jerzy

2009-01-01

Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace and Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity are relatively new tools aimed at facilitating the evaluation of long-term results of therapy in persons with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing conservative treatment. To use these tools properly in Poland, they must be translated into Polish and adapted to the Polish cultural settings. The process of cultural adaptation of the questionnaires was compliant with the guidelines of International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. In the first stage, two independent translators converted the originals into Polish. Stage two, consisted of a comparison of the originals and two translated versions. During that stage, the team of two translators and authors of the project identified differences in those translations and created a combination of the two. In the third stage, two independent translators, who were native speakers of German, translated the adjusted version of the Polish translation into the language of the original document. At the last stage, a commission composed of: specialists in orthopedics, translators, a statistician and a psychologist reviewed all translations and drafted a pre-final version of the questionnaires. Thirty-five adolescent girls with idiopathic scoliosis who were treated with Cheneau brace were subjected to the questionnaire assessment. All patients were treated in an out-patient setting by a specialist in orthopedics at the Chair and Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology. Median age of patients was 14.8 SD 1.5, median value of the Cobb’s angle was 27.8° SD 7.4. 48.6% of patients had thoracic scoliosis, 31.4% had thoracolumbar scoliosis, and 20% patients had lumbar scoliosis. Median results obtained by means of the Polish version of BSSQ-Brace and BSSQ-Deformity questionnaires were 17.9 SD 5.0 and 11.3 SD 4.7, respectively. Internal consistency of BSSQ-Brace and BSSQ-Deformity was at the level of 0.80 and 0.87, whereas the value of the absolute stability factor was 0.82 and 0.88. Overall, the Polish versions of the BSSQ-Brace and BSSQ-Deformity Questionnaires are characterized by high values of internal consistency factor and absolute stability factor. Following the process of adaptation, the authors obtained a tool that is instrumental in clinical evaluations and complies with methodological criteria. PMID:19669802

Polish adaptation of Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace and Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity.

PubMed

Misterska, Ewa; Głowacki, Maciej; Harasymczuk, Jerzy

2009-12-01

Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace and Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Deformity are relatively new tools aimed at facilitating the evaluation of long-term results of therapy in persons with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing conservative treatment. To use these tools properly in Poland, they must be translated into Polish and adapted to the Polish cultural settings. The process of cultural adaptation of the questionnaires was compliant with the guidelines of International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. In the first stage, two independent translators converted the originals into Polish. Stage two, consisted of a comparison of the originals and two translated versions. During that stage, the team of two translators and authors of the project identified differences in those translations and created a combination of the two. In the third stage, two independent translators, who were native speakers of German, translated the adjusted version of the Polish translation into the language of the original document. At the last stage, a commission composed of: specialists in orthopedics, translators, a statistician and a psychologist reviewed all translations and drafted a pre-final version of the questionnaires. Thirty-five adolescent girls with idiopathic scoliosis who were treated with Cheneau brace were subjected to the questionnaire assessment. All patients were treated in an out-patient setting by a specialist in orthopedics at the Chair and Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology. Median age of patients was 14.8 SD 1.5, median value of the Cobb's angle was 27.8 degrees SD 7.4. 48.6% of patients had thoracic scoliosis, 31.4% had thoracolumbar scoliosis, and 20% patients had lumbar scoliosis. Median results obtained by means of the Polish version of BSSQ-Brace and BSSQ-Deformity questionnaires were 17.9 SD 5.0 and 11.3 SD 4.7, respectively. Internal consistency of BSSQ-Brace and BSSQ-Deformity was at the level of 0.80 and 0.87, whereas the value of the absolute stability factor was 0.82 and 0.88. Overall, the Polish versions of the BSSQ-Brace and BSSQ-Deformity Questionnaires are characterized by high values of internal consistency factor and absolute stability factor. Following the process of adaptation, the authors obtained a tool that is instrumental in clinical evaluations and complies with methodological criteria.

Novel lead(II) carboxylate-arsonate hybrids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yi Feiyan; Song Junling; Zhao Na

2008-06-15

Hydrothermal reactions of lead(II) acetate with phenylarsonic acid (H{sub 2}L{sup 1}) (or 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonic acid, H{sub 3}L{sup 2}) and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaH{sub 2}SIP) (or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H{sub 3}BTC)) as the second metal linkers afforded three novel mixed-ligand lead(II) carboxylate-arsonates, namely, Pb{sub 5}(SIP){sub 2}(L{sup 1}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) 1, Pb{sub 3}(SIP)(L{sup 2})(H{sub 2}O) 2 and Pb(H{sub 2}L{sup 2})(H{sub 2}BTC) 3. The structure of 1 features a complicated 3D network composed of 2D double layers of lead(II) sulfoisophthalate bridged by 1D chains of lead(II) arsonates along b-axis, forming large tunnels along b-axis which are occupied by phenyl rings of the arsonate ligands.more » In 2, the Pb(II) ions are bridged by {l_brace}L{sup 2}{r_brace}{sup 3-} anions into a 2D double layer whereas the interconnection of the Pb(II) ions via bridging and chelating SIP anions gave a 2D double layer. The cross-linkage of the above two building units leads to a complicated 3D network. In 3, the interconnection of the Pb(II) ions via bridging {l_brace}H{sub 2}L{sup 2}{r_brace}{sup -} and {l_brace}H{sub 2}BTC{r_brace}{sup -} anions leads to a 1D double chain down a-axis. These 1D chains are further interconnected via hydrogen bonds among non-coordination carboxylate groups and arsonate oxygens into a 3D supramolecular architecture. - Graphical abstract: Three novel mixed-ligand lead(II) carboxylate-arsonates, namely, Pb{sub 5}(SIP){sub 2}(L{sup 1}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) 1, Pb{sub 3}(SIP)(L{sup 2})(H{sub 2}O) 2 and Pb(H{sub 2}L{sup 2})(H{sub 2}BTC) 3 have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Compounds 1 and 2 feature complicated 3D network structures whereas compound 3 features 1D lead(II) carboxylate-arsonate chains that are further interlinked by strong hydrogen bonds into a 3D supramolecular assembly.« less

Hydrothermal syntheses, crystal structures and luminescence properties of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) coordination polymers based on bifunctional 3,2 Prime :6 Prime ,3 Prime Prime -terpyridine-4 Prime -carboxylic acid

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Na; Guo, Hui-Lin; Hu, Huai-Ming, E-mail: ChemHu1@NWU.EDU.CN

2013-02-15

Five new coordination polymers, [Zn{sub 2}(ctpy){sub 2}Cl{sub 2}]{sub n} (1), [Zn{sub 2}(ctpy){sub 2}(ox)(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]{sub n} (2), [Zn{sub 2}(ctpy)(3-btc)(H{sub 2}O)]{sub n}{center_dot}0.5nH{sub 2}O (3), [Cd(ctpy){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O)]{sub n} (4), [Cd{sub 4}(ctpy){sub 2}(2-btc){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]{sub n}{center_dot}2nH{sub 2}O (5), (Hctpy=3,2 Prime :6 Prime ,3 Prime Prime -terpyridine-4 Prime -carboxylic acid, H{sub 2}ox=oxalic acid, H{sub 3}(3-btc)=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, H{sub 3}(2-btc)=1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1-2 are a one-dimensional chain with weak interactions to form 3D supramolecular structures. Compound 3 is a 4-nodal 3D topology framework comprised of binuclear zincmore » units and (ctpy){sup -} anions. Compound 4 shows two dimensional net. Compound 5 is a (4,5,6)-connected framework with {l_brace}4{sup 4}{center_dot}6{sup 2}{r_brace}{l_brace}4{sup 6}{center_dot}6{sup 4}{r_brace}{sub 2}{l_brace}4{sup 9}{center_dot}6{sup 6}{r_brace} topology. In addition, the thermal stabilities and photoluminescence properties of 1-5 were also studied in the solid state. - Graphical abstract: Five new Zn/Cd compounds with 3,2 Prime :6 Prime ,3 Prime Prime -terpyridine-4 Prime -carboxylic acid were prepared. The photoluminescence and thermal stabilities properties of 1-5 were investigated in the solid state. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Five new zinc/cadmium metal-organic frameworks have been hydrothermal synthesized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The structural variation is attributed to the diverse metal ions and auxiliary ligand. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Compounds 1-5 exhibit 1D ring chain, 2D layer and 3D open-framework, respectively. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer These compounds exhibit strong solid state luminescence emission at room temperature.« less

Synthesis of Ruthenium Carbonyl Complexes with Phosphine or Substituted Cp Ligands, and Their Activity in the Catalytic Deoxygenation of 1,2-Propanediol

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bullock, R.M.; Ghosh, P.; Fagan, P.J.

2009-07-20

A ruthenium hydride with a bulky tetra-substituted Cp ligand, (Cp{sup iPr{sub 4}})Ru(CO){sub 2}H (Cp{sup iPr{sub 4}} = C{sub 5}(i-C{sub 3}H{sub 7}){sub 4}H) was prepared from the reaction of Ru{sub 3}(CO){sub 12} with 1,2,3,4-tetraisopropylcyclopentadiene. The molecular structure of (Cp{sup iPr{sub 4}})Ru(CO){sub 2}H was determined by X-ray crystallography. The ruthenium hydride complex (C{sub 5}Bz{sub 5})Ru(CO){sub 2}H (Bz = CH{sub 2}Ph) was similarly prepared. The Ru-Ru bonded dimer, [(1,2,3-trimethylindenyl)Ru(CO){sub 2}]{sub 2}, was produced from the reaction of 1,2,3-trimethylindene with Ru{sub 3}(CO){sub 12}, and protonation of this dimer with HOTf gives {l_brace}[(1,2,3-trimethylindenyl)Ru(CO){sub 2}]{sub 2}-({mu}-H){r_brace}{sup +}OTf{sup -}. A series of ruthenium hydride complexes CpRu(CO)(L)H [Lmore » = P(OPh){sub 3}, PCy{sub 3}, PMe{sub 3}, P(p-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}F){sub 3}] were prepared by reaction of Cp(CO){sub 2}RuH with added L. Protonation of (Cp{sup iPr{sub 4}})Ru(CO){sub 2}H, Cp*Ru(CO){sub 2}H, or CpRu(CO)[P-(OPh){sub 3}]H by HOTf at -80 C led to equilibria with the cationic dihydrogen complexes, but H{sub 2} was released at higher temperatures. Protonation of CpRu[P(OPh){sub 3}]{sub 2}H with HOTf gave an observable dihydrogen complex, {l_brace}CpRu[P-(OPh){sub 3}]{sub 2}({eta}{sup 2}-H{sub 2}){r_brace}+OTf{sup -} that was converted at -20 C to the dihydride complex {l_brace}CpRu[P(OPh){sub 3}]{sub 2}(H){sub 2}{r_brace}{sup +}OTf{sup -}. These Ru complexes serve as catalyst precursors for the catalytic deoxygenation of 1,2-propanediol to give n-propanol. The catalytic reactions were carried out in sulfolane solvent with added HOTf under H{sub 2} (750 psi) at 110 C.« less

Pectus Carinatum Evaluation Questionnaire (PCEQ): a novel tool to improve the follow-up in patients treated with brace compression.

PubMed

Pessanha, Inês; Severo, Milton; Correia-Pinto, Jorge; Estevão-Costa, José; Henriques-Coelho, Tiago

2016-03-01

A questionnaire (Pectus Carinatum Evaluation Questionnaire, PCEQ) was developed to be applied in follow-up of patients with Pectus Carinatum (PC). After validation of the PCEQ, we aimed to quantify the compliance to brace compression and to assess factors that could influence this treatment in patients with PC. From July 2008 to July 2014, 56 patients with PC were treated with the Calgary Protocol of compressive bracing at Paediatric Surgery Department of Hospital São João. Forty patients (71%) completed the questionnaire. The PCEQ was divided into four sections: (i) compliance; (ii) symptoms; (iii) social influence; (iv) activities. For the validation process of the PCEQ, principal components analysis (PCA), orthogonal varimax or oblimin rotation and Cronbach's α coefficient were used. To evaluate the association between compliance and other sections of the questionnaire, we estimated the Pearson's correlation between compliance factor scores ('Compliance Days' and 'Compliance Hours') and the final score of each new questionnaire component identified by PCA ('Chest Pain', 'Dyspnoea', 'Back Pain', 'Parents' Influence', 'Friends' Influence', 'Activities', 'Time To Compliance'). For the sections 'Symptoms', 'Social Influence' and 'Activities', we estimated final scores as the sum of the questions that constitute each component. For the section 'Compliance', the factor scores were estimated by the regression method. After PCA analysis, the PCEQ found nine different components with high reliability. When analysing the compliance of our study group, the final score for 'Activities' revealed a significant correlation with the factor score for 'Compliance Hours' (r = 0.382, P = 0.015). The final score for 'Time To Compliance' showed a significant correlation with both factor scores for 'Compliance Hours' (r = -0.765, P < 0.001) and 'Compliance Days' (r = -0.345, P < 0.029). The PCEQ seems to be an important tool to follow up patients with PC treated by brace compression. Practical steps, such as developing a tight schedule in the early follow-up period or applying the PCEQ in first visits after initiating brace therapy, can be taken in order to increase compliance with brace therapy and improve the quality of life. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Idiopathic club foot treated with the Ponseti method. Clinical and sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon tenotomy. A review of 221 club feet.

PubMed

Marleix, S; Chapuis, M; Fraisse, B; Tréguier, C; Darnault, P; Rozel, C; Rayar, M; Violas, P

2012-06-01

The Ponseti method applied to treating idiopathic club foot consists in placing successive corrective casts, possibly an Achilles tendon tenotomy, then derotation braces, a method that has proven its efficacy. This study compared 221 cases of club foot treated with this method between 2002 and 2007 divided into two groups, based on whether or not Achilles tendon tenotomy was performed. Assessment was both clinical and sonographic. We observed clear improvement of the results in the group that underwent Achilles tendon tenotomy and a significant difference in the rate of secondary surgery. The sonographic evaluation also showed improvement of the morphological results. We now systematically propose Achilles tendon tenotomy however severe club foot may be. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Iraqi Resistance to Freedom: A Frommian Perspective

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

1984 . Fromm, “Afterword,” in George Orwell , 1984 (London: Plume, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1955 [1983 Edi- tion]), pp. 257-67; Fromm, Escape from...depicted in George Orwell’s 1984 . Fromm discussed the sup- pression of self in an “Afterword” written for the Plume and Harcourt Brace Jovanovich edition of...Freedom, p. 202. Autumn 2003 83 46. Fromm, Escape from Freedom, p. 207. 47. Ibid. 48. Ibid. 49. Ibid., p. 208. 50. Orwell , 1984 . 51. Fromm, Escape from

The effect of taping versus semi-rigid bracing on patient outcome and satisfaction in ankle sprains: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Lardenoye, Sacha; Theunissen, Ed; Cleffken, Berry; Brink, Peter Rg; de Bie, Rob A; Poeze, Martijn

2012-05-28

Functional treatment is a widely used and generally accepted treatment for ankle sprain. A meta-analysis comparing the different functional treatment options could not make definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness, and until now, little was known about patient satisfaction in relation to the outcome. Patients with acute ankle sprain received rest, ice, compression and elevation with an compressive bandage at the emergency department. After 5-7 days, 100 patients with grade II and III sprains were randomized into two groups: one group was treated with tape and the other with a semi-rigid ankle brace, both for 4 weeks. Post-injury physical and proprioceptive training was standardized. As primary outcome parameter patient satisfaction and skin complications were evaluated using a predefined questionnaire and numeric rating scale. As secondary outcome parameter the ankle joint function was assessed using the Karlsson scoring scale and range of motion. Patient-reported comfort and satisfaction during treatment with a semi-rigid brace was significantly increased. The rate of skin complication in this group was significantly lower compared to the tape group (14.6% versus 59.1%, P < 0.0001). Functional outcome of the ankle joint was similar between the two treatment groups, as well as reported pain. Treatment of acute ankle sprain with semi-rigid brace leads to significantly higher patient comfort and satisfaction, both with similar good outcome.

A new indium metal-organic 3D framework with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, MIL-96 (In), containing {mu} {sub 3}-oxo-centered trinuclear units and a hexagonal 18-ring network

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Volkringer, Christophe; Loiseau, Thierry

2006-05-25

A new indium trimesate In{sub 12}O(OH){sub 12}({l_brace}OH{r_brace}{sub 4},{l_brace}H{sub 2}O{r_brace}{sub 5})[btc]{sub 6}.{approx}31H{sub 2}O, called MIL-96 (btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate or trimesate species) was hydrothermally synthesized under mild condition (210 deg. C, 5 h) in the presence of trimethyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate in water and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The MIL-96 (In) structure exhibits a three-dimensional metal-organic framework containing isolated trinuclear {mu} {sub 3}-oxo-bridged indium clusters and infinite chains of InO{sub 4}(OH){sub 2} and InO{sub 2}(OH){sub 3}(H{sub 2}O) octahedra generating a hexagonal network based on 18-membered ring. The two types of indium entities are connected to each other through the trimesate species whichmore » induce corrugated chains of indium octahedra, linked via {mu} {sub 2}-hydroxo bonds with the specific -cis-cis-trans- sequence. The 3D framework of MIL-96 reveals three kind of cavities (two of them have estimated {approx} 400 A{sup 3} volumes), in which are encapsulated free water molecules. The latter species are removed upon heating at 150 deg. C.« less

Occupant kinematics in low-speed frontal sled tests: Human volunteers, Hybrid III ATD, and PMHS.

PubMed

Beeman, Stephanie M; Kemper, Andrew R; Madigan, Michael L; Franck, Christopher T; Loftus, Stephen C

2012-07-01

A total of 34 dynamic matched frontal sled tests were performed, 17 low (2.5g, Δv=4.8kph) and 17 medium (5.0g, Δv=9.7kph), with five male human volunteers of approximately 50th percentile height and weight, a Hybrid III 50th percentile male ATD, and three male PMHS. Each volunteer was exposed to two impulses at each severity, one relaxed and one braced prior to the impulse. A total of four tests were performed at each severity with the ATD and one trial was performed at each severity with each PMHS. A Vicon motion analysis system, 12 MX-T20 2 megapixel cameras, was used to quantify subject 3D kinematics (±1mm) (1kHz). Excursions of select anatomical regions were normalized to their respective initial positions and compared by test condition and between subject types. The forward excursions of the select anatomical regions generally increased with increasing severity. The forward excursions of relaxed human volunteers were significantly larger than those of the ATD for nearly every region at both severities. The forward excursions of the upper body regions of the braced volunteers were generally significantly smaller than those of the ATD at both severities. Forward excursions of the relaxed human volunteers and PMHSs were fairly similar except the head CG response at both severities and the right knee and C7 at the medium severity. The forward excursions of the upper body of the PMHS were generally significantly larger than those of the braced volunteers at both severities. Forward excursions of the PMHSs exceeded those of the ATD for all regions at both severities with significant differences within the upper body regions. Overall human volunteers, ATD, and PMHSs do not have identical biomechanical responses in low-speed frontal sled tests but all contribute valuable data that can be used to refine and validate computational models and ATDs used to assess injury risk in automotive collisions. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft and accelerated brace-free rehabilitation: a systematic review of clinical outcomes

PubMed Central

van Melick, Nicky; van Mourik, Jan B A; Reijman, Max; van Rhijn, Lodewijk W

2018-01-01

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes after hamstring tendon autograft ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with accelerated, brace-free rehabilitation. Design Systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Data sources Embase, MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL and Google scholar from 1 January 1974 to 31 January 2017. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Study designs reporting outcomes in adults after arthroscopic, primary ACLR with hamstring autograft and accelerated, brace-free rehabilitation. Results Twenty-four studies were included in the review. The clinical outcomes after hamstring tendon autograft ACLR with accelerated brace-free rehabilitation were the following: (1) early start of open kinetic exercises at 4 weeks in a limited range of motion (ROM, 90°−45°) and progressive concentric and eccentric exercises from 12 weeks did not alter outcomes, (2) gender and age did not influence clinical outcomes, (3) anatomical reconstructions showed better results than non-anatomical reconstructions, (4) there was no difference between single-bundle and double-bundle reconstructions, (5) femoral and tibial tunnel widening occurred, (6) hamstring tendons regenerated after harvest and (7) biological knowledge did not support return to sports at 4–6 months. Conclusions After hamstring tendon autograft ACLR with accelerated brace-free rehabilitation, clinical outcome is similar after single-bundle and double-bundle ACLR. Early start of open kinetic exercises at 4 weeks in a limited ROM (90°−45°) and progressive concentric and eccentric exercises from 12 weeks postsurgery do not alter clinical outcome. Further research should focus on achievement of best balance between graft loading and graft healing in the various rehabilitation phases after ACLR as well as on validated, criterion-based assessments for safe return to sports. Level of evidence Level 2b; therapeutic outcome studies. PMID:29682311

Dose, image quality and spine modeling assessment of biplanar EOS micro-dose radiographs for the follow-up of in-brace adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients.

PubMed

Morel, Baptiste; Moueddeb, Sonia; Blondiaux, Eleonore; Richard, Stephen; Bachy, Manon; Vialle, Raphael; Ducou Le Pointe, Hubert

2018-05-01

The aim of this study was to compare the radiation dose, image quality and 3D spine parameter measurements of EOS low-dose and micro-dose protocols for in-brace adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. We prospectively included 25 consecutive patients (20 females, 5 males) followed for AIS and undergoing brace treatment. The mean age was 12 years (SD 2 years, range 8-15 years). For each patient, in-brace biplanar EOS radiographs were acquired in a standing position using both the conventional low-dose and micro-dose protocols. Dose area product (DAP) was systematically recorded. Diagnostic image quality was qualitatively assessed by two radiologists for visibility of anatomical structures. The reliability of 3D spine modeling between two operators was quantitatively evaluated for the most clinically relevant 3D radiological parameters using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The mean DAP for the posteroanterior and lateral acquisitions was 300 ± 134 and 433 ± 181 mGy cm 2 for the low-dose radiographs, and 41 ± 19 and 81 ± 39 mGy cm 2 for micro-dose radiographs. Image quality was lower with the micro-dose protocol. The agreement was "good" to "very good" for all measured clinical parameters when comparing the low-dose and micro-dose protocols (ICC > 0.73). The micro-dose protocol substantially reduced the delivered dose (by a factor of 5-7 compared to the low-dose protocol) in braced children with AIS. Although image quality was reduced, the micro-dose protocol proved to be adapted to radiological follow-up, with adequate image quality and reliable clinical measurements. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Minimally Invasive Osteosynthesis with a Bridge Plate Versus a Functional Brace for Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Matsunaga, Fabio Teruo; Tamaoki, Marcel Jun Sugawara; Matsumoto, Marcelo Hide; Netto, Nicola Archetti; Faloppa, Flavio; Belloti, Joao Carlos

2017-04-05

Nonoperative treatment has historically been considered the standard for fractures of the shaft of the humerus. Minimally invasive bridge-plate osteosynthesis for isolated humeral shaft fractures has been proven to be a safe technique, with good and reproducible results. This study was designed to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes between patients who had been treated with bridge plate osteosynthesis and those who had been managed nonoperatively with a functional brace. A prospective randomized trial was designed and included 110 patients allocated to 1 of 2 groups: surgery with a bridge plate or nonoperative treatment with a functional brace. The primary outcome was the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score at 6 months. The score on the Short Form-36 (SF-36) life-quality questionnaire, complications of treatment, Constant-Murley score for the shoulder, pain level, and radiographic results were assessed as secondary outcomes. Participants were assessed at 2 weeks; 1, 2, and 6 months; and 1 year after the interventions. The mean DASH score of the bridge plate group was statistically superior to that of the functional brace group (mean scores, 10.9 and 16.9, respectively; p = 0.046) only at 6 months. The bridge plate group also had a significantly more favorable nonunion rate (0% versus 15%) and less mean residual angular displacement seen on the anteroposterior radiograph (2.0° versus 10.5°) (both p < 0.05). No difference between the groups was detected with regard to the SF-36 score, pain level, Constant-Murley score, or angular displacement seen on the lateral radiograph. This trial demonstrates that, compared with functional bracing, surgical treatment with a bridge plate has a statistically significant advantage, of uncertain clinical benefit, with respect to self-reported outcome (DASH score) at 6 months, nonunion rate, and residual deformity in the coronal plane as seen on radiographs. Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Optimal Topology of Aircraft Rib and Spar Structures under Aeroelastic Loads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stanford, Bret K.; Dunning, Peter D.

2014-01-01

Several topology optimization problems are conducted within the ribs and spars of a wing box. It is desired to locate the best position of lightening holes, truss/cross-bracing, etc. A variety of aeroelastic metrics are isolated for each of these problems: elastic wing compliance under trim loads and taxi loads, stress distribution, and crushing loads. Aileron effectiveness under a constant roll rate is considered, as are dynamic metrics: natural vibration frequency and flutter. This approach helps uncover the relationship between topology and aeroelasticity in subsonic transport wings, and can therefore aid in understanding the complex aircraft design process which must eventually consider all these metrics and load cases simultaneously.

Nanoscale growth twins in sputtered metal films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Misra, Amit; Anderoglu, Osman; Hoagland, Richard G

2008-01-01

We review recent studies on the mechanical properties of sputtered Cu and 330 stainless steel films with {l_brace}1 1 1{r_brace} nanoscale growth twins preferentially oriented perpendicular to growth direction. The mechanisms of formation of growth twins during sputtering and the deformation mechanisms that enable usually high strengths in nanotwinned structures are highlighted. Growth twins in sputtered films possess good thermal stability at elevated temperature, providing an approach to extend the application of high strength nanostructured metals to higher temperatures.

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Peacham Pond Dam (VT 00050), Richelieu River Basin, Peacham, Vermont. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

Rusting or Corrosion of Steel None. b. Mechanical and Electrical Air Vents Not applicable. Float Wells Not applicable. Crane Hoist Not applicable...Good, steel I-beams. Underside of Deck Good. Secondary Bracing Good. Deck Wood, good condition. Drainage System Not applicable. Railings Fair, anchors...Anchor Bolts Good. Bridge Seat Good. Longitudinal Members Good, steel I-beams. Underside of Deck Good. Secondary Bracing Good. j Deck Wood, good

A Prospective Investigation of Injury Incidence and Risk Factors Among Army Recruits in Combat Engineer Training

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-05

neuropathy, radiculopathy, shin splints, synovitis, sprains , strains, and musculoskeletal pain (not otherwise specified). Recruits that attrited from...acceptability of the parachute ankle brace. Aviat Space Environ Med 2008, 79:689–694. 24. Craig SC, Lee T: Attention to detail: injuries at altitude among U.S...Army military static line parachutists. Mil Med 2000, 165:268–271. 25. Schmidt MD, Sulski SI, Amoroso PJ: Effectiveness of an external ankle brace in

49 CFR Appendix A to Part 231 - Schedule of Civil Penalties 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 120.B1Brake Step or Brace Bent 2,500 5,000 120.B2Brake Step or Wrong Dimensions 2,500 5,000 120...,000 124.B1Running Board Bent to the Extent that It is Unsafe 2,500 5,000 124.B2Running Board Wrong... 126.B1End Platform or Brace Bent 2,500 5,000 126.B2End Platform Wrong Dimensions 2,500 5,000 126.C1End...

Combined Spring and Deltoid Ligament Repair in Adult-Acquired Flatfoot.

PubMed

Nery, Caio; Lemos, André Vitor Kerber C; Raduan, Fernando; Mansur, Nacime Salomão B; Baumfeld, Daniel

2018-04-01

Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is usually due to a combination of mechanical failure of the osteoligamentous complex that maintains the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and attenuation or complete tear of the posterior tibial tendon. Magnetic resonance imaging studies in patients with flatfoot deformities have reported the posterior tibial tendon to be pathologic in up to 100% of patients, the spring ligament in up to 87%, and the deltoid ligament in 33%. Many studies in the literature describe reconstruction of the spring ligament or the deltoid ligament associated with AAFD, but there is no study in which both (spring and deltoid) ligaments are reconstructed at the same time. We describe a novel technique to reconstruct the deltoid ligament and the spring ligament at the same time. We described the technique and evaluated 10 consecutive patients with AAFD and insufficient ankle and midfoot ligaments. We found no postoperative complications, stiffness, or loss of correction. We present a novel technique to reconstruct the failed deltoid and spring ligament during flatfoot correction. It is unique in that it uses internal brace augmentation with FiberTape ® to help and protect the soft tissue healing. Level IV, retrospective case series.

Staged corrective surgery for complex congenital scoliosis and split cord malformation

PubMed Central

Asad, Ambreen; Pasha, Ibrahim Farooq; Malik, Arslan Sharif; Arlet, Vincent

2009-01-01

Congenital scoliosis associated with split cord malformation raises the issue on how to best manage these patients to avoid neurologic injury while achieving satisfactory correction. We present the case of a 12-year-old girl who first presented when she was 11-year old with such combination but without much physical handicap or neurological deficit. The corrective surgery offered at that time was refused by the family. She again presented after 1 year with documented severe aggravation of the curve resulting in unstable walking and psychological upset. Her imaging studies showed multiple malformations in lower cervical and thoracic spine and a split cord malformation type 2 (fibrous septum with diplomyelia) at the apex of the deformity. A one-stage correction was deemed neurologically too risky. We therefore performed during a first stage a thoracotomy with anterior release. This was followed by skeletal traction with skull tongs and bilateral femoral pins. After gradual increase in traction weights a reasonable correction was achieved without any neurological deficit, over the next 10 days. A second-stage operation was done on the 11th day and a posterior instrumented fusion was performed. Post-operative recovery was uneventful and there were no complications. She was discharged with a Boston Brace to be worn for 3 months. At 2-year follow-up the patient outcome is excellent with excellent balance and correction of the deformity. In this grand round case, we discuss all the different option of treatment of congenital scoliosis associated with split cord malformation. In a medical environment where spinal cord monitoring is lacking, we recommend an initial release followed by skull and bifemoral traction over several days to monitor the neurologic status of the patient. Once optimal correction is achieved with the traction, a posterior instrumentation can be safely done. PMID:19626347

Building Resilience against Climate Effects—A Novel Framework to Facilitate Climate Readiness in Public Health Agencies

PubMed Central

Marinucci, Gino D.; Luber, George; Uejio, Christopher K.; Saha, Shubhayu; Hess, Jeremy J.

2014-01-01

Climate change is anticipated to have several adverse health impacts. Managing these risks to public health requires an iterative approach. As with many risk management strategies related to climate change, using modeling to project impacts, engaging a wide range of stakeholders, and regularly updating models and risk management plans with new information—hallmarks of adaptive management—are considered central tenets of effective public health adaptation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has developed a framework, entitled Building Resilience Against Climate Effects, or BRACE, to facilitate this process for public health agencies. Its five steps are laid out here. Following the steps laid out in BRACE will enable an agency to use the best available science to project likely climate change health impacts in a given jurisdiction and prioritize interventions. Adopting BRACE will also reinforce public health’s established commitment to evidence-based practice and institutional learning, both of which will be central to successfully engaging the significant new challenges that climate change presents. PMID:24991665

Portable, space-saving medical patient support system

DOEpatents

Bzorgi,; Fariborz, [Knoxville, TN

2011-02-01

A support platform having a stowed configuration and a deployed configuration on a floor. The support platform is related to stretcher devices that are used for transporting, confining, or conducting medical procedures on medical patients in medical emergencies. The support platform typically includes a work surface that has a geometric extent. A base that typically includes a plurality of frame members is provided, and the frame members are disposed across the geometric extent of, and proximal to, the work surface in the stowed configuration. The frame members are typically disposed on the floor in the deployed configuration. There is a foldable bracing system engaged with the work surface and engaged with the base. At least a portion of the foldable bracing system is disposed substantially inside at least a portion of the plurality of frame members in the stowed configuration. Further, the foldable bracing system is configured for translocation of the work surface distal from the base in the deployed configuration.

Reduced-vibration tube array

DOEpatents

Bruck, Gerald J.; Bartolomeo, Daniel R.

2004-07-20

A reduced-vibration tube array is disclosed. The array includes a plurality of tubes in a fixed arrangement and a plurality of damping members positioned within the tubes. The damping members include contoured interface regions characterized by bracing points that selectively contact the inner surface of an associated tube. Each interface region is sized and shaped in accordance with the associated tube, so that the damping member bracing points are spaced apart a vibration-reducing distance from the associated tube inner surfaces at equilibrium. During operation, mechanical interaction between the bracing points and the tube inner surfaces reduces vibration by a damage-reducing degree. In one embodiment, the interface regions are serpentine shaped. In another embodiment, the interface regions are helical in shape. The interface regions may be simultaneously helical and serpentine in shape. The damping members may be fixed within the associated tubes, and damping member may be customized several interference regions having attributes chosen in accordance with desired flow characteristics and associated tube properties.

Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: update of an evidence-based clinical guideline.

PubMed

Vuurberg, Gwendolyn; Hoorntje, Alexander; Wink, Lauren M; van der Doelen, Brent F W; van den Bekerom, Michel P; Dekker, Rienk; van Dijk, C Niek; Krips, Rover; Loogman, Masja C M; Ridderikhof, Milan L; Smithuis, Frank F; Stufkens, Sjoerd A S; Verhagen, Evert A L M; de Bie, Rob A; Kerkhoffs, Gino M M J

2018-03-07

This guideline aimed to advance current understandings regarding the diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic interventions for ankle sprains by updating the existing guideline and incorporate new research. A secondary objective was to provide an update related to the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic procedures, therapeutic interventions and prevention strategies. It was posited that subsequent interaction of clinicians with this guideline could help reduce health impairments and patient burden associated with this prevalent musculoskeletal injury. The previous guideline provided evidence that the severity of ligament damage can be assessed most reliably by delayed physical examination (4-5 days post trauma). After correct diagnosis, it can be stated that even though a short time of immobilisation may be helpful in relieving pain and swelling, the patient with an acute lateral ankle ligament rupture benefits most from use of tape or a brace in combination with an exercise programme. New in this update: Participation in certain sports is associated with a heightened risk of sustaining a lateral ankle sprain. Care should be taken with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usage after an ankle sprain. They may be used to reduce pain and swelling, but usage is not without complications and NSAIDs may suppress the natural healing process. Concerning treatment, supervised exercise-based programmes preferred over passive modalities as it stimulates the recovery of functional joint stability. Surgery should be reserved for cases that do not respond to thorough and comprehensive exercise-based treatment. For the prevention of recurrent lateral ankle sprains, ankle braces should be considered as an efficacious option. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

CONTRAIS: CONservative TReatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: a randomised controlled trial protocol

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional structural deformity of the spine that occurs in children and adolescents. Recent reviews on bracing and exercise treatment have provided some evidence for effect of these interventions. The purpose of this study is to improve the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of conservative treatments for preventing curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis. Methods/design Patients: Previously untreated girls and boys with idiopathic scoliosis, 9 to 17 years of age with at least one year of remaining growth and a curve Cobb angle of 25–40 degrees will be included. A total of 135 participants will be randomly allocated in groups of 45 patients each to receive one of the three interventions. Interventions: All three groups will receive a physical activity prescription according to the World Health Organisation recommendations. One group will additionally wear a hyper-corrective night-time brace. One group will additionally perform postural scoliosis-specific exercises. Outcome: Participation in the study will last until the curve has progressed, or until cessation of skeletal growth. Outcome variables will be measured every 6 months. The primary outcome variable, failure of treatment, is defined as progression of the Cobb angle more than 6 degrees, compared to the primary x-ray, seen on two consecutive spinal standing x-rays taken with 6 months interval. Secondary outcome measures include the SRS-22r and EQ5D-Y quality of life questionnaires, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form, and Cobb angle at end of the study. Discussion This trial will evaluate which of the tested conservative treatment approaches that is the most effective for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Trial registration NCT01761305 PMID:24007599

CONTRAIS: CONservative TReatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: a randomised controlled trial protocol.

PubMed

Abbott, Allan; Möller, Hans; Gerdhem, Paul

2013-09-05

Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional structural deformity of the spine that occurs in children and adolescents. Recent reviews on bracing and exercise treatment have provided some evidence for effect of these interventions. The purpose of this study is to improve the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of conservative treatments for preventing curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis. Previously untreated girls and boys with idiopathic scoliosis, 9 to 17 years of age with at least one year of remaining growth and a curve Cobb angle of 25-40 degrees will be included. A total of 135 participants will be randomly allocated in groups of 45 patients each to receive one of the three interventions. All three groups will receive a physical activity prescription according to the World Health Organisation recommendations. One group will additionally wear a hyper-corrective night-time brace. One group will additionally perform postural scoliosis-specific exercises. Participation in the study will last until the curve has progressed, or until cessation of skeletal growth. OUTCOME variables will be measured every 6 months. The primary outcome variable, failure of treatment, is defined as progression of the Cobb angle more than 6 degrees, compared to the primary x-ray, seen on two consecutive spinal standing x-rays taken with 6 months interval. Secondary outcome measures include the SRS-22r and EQ5D-Y quality of life questionnaires, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form, and Cobb angle at end of the study. This trial will evaluate which of the tested conservative treatment approaches that is the most effective for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. NCT01761305.

Differences in muscle activation patterns during pelvic floor muscle contraction and Valsalva maneuver.

PubMed

Thompson, Judith A; O'Sullivan, Peter B; Briffa, N Kathryn; Neumann, Patricia

2006-01-01

To investigate the different muscle activation patterns around the abdomino-pelvic cavity in continent women and their effect on pressure generation during a correct pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction and a Valsalva maneuver. Thirteen continent women were assessed. Abdominal, chest wall, and PFM activity and vaginal and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), were recorded during two tasks: PFM contraction and Valsalva whilst bladder base position was monitored on trans-abdominal ultrasound. A correct PFM contraction was defined as one that resulted in bladder base elevation and a Valsalva resulted in bladder base depression. Comparison of the mean of the normalized EMG activity of all the individual muscle groups was significantly different between PFM contraction and Valsalva (P = 0.04). During a correct PFM contraction, the PFM were more active than during Valsalva (P = 0.001). During Valsalva, all the abdominal muscles (IO (P = 0.006), EO (P < 0.001), RA (P = 0.011)), and the chest wall (P < 0.001) were more active than during PFM contraction. The change in IAP was greater during Valsalva (P = 0.001) but there was no difference in the change in vaginal pressure between PFM contraction and Valsalva (P = 0.971). This study demonstrates a difference in muscle activation patterns between a correct PFM contraction and Valsalva maneuver. It is important to include assessment of the abdominal wall, chest wall, and respiration in the clinical evaluation of women performing PFM exercises as abdominal wall bracing combined with an increase in chest wall activity may cause rises in IAP and PFM descent. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

A family of Nikishin systems with periodic recurrence coefficients

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Delvaux, Steven; Lopez, Abey; Lopez, Guillermo L

2013-01-31

Suppose we have a Nikishin system of p measures with the kth generating measure of the Nikishin system supported on an interval {Delta}{sub k} subset of R with {Delta}{sub k} Intersection {Delta}{sub k+1} = Empty-Set for all k. It is well known that the corresponding staircase sequence of multiple orthogonal polynomials satisfies a (p+2)-term recurrence relation whose recurrence coefficients, under appropriate assumptions on the generating measures, have periodic limits of period p. (The limit values depend only on the positions of the intervals {Delta}{sub k}.) Taking these periodic limit values as the coefficients of a new (p+2)-term recurrence relation, wemore » construct a canonical sequence of monic polynomials {l_brace}P{sub n}{r_brace}{sub n=0}{sup {infinity}}, the so-called Chebyshev-Nikishin polynomials. We show that the polynomials P{sub n} themselves form a sequence of multiple orthogonal polynomials with respect to some Nikishin system of measures, with the kth generating measure being absolutely continuous on {Delta}{sub k}. In this way we generalize a result of the third author and Rocha [22] for the case p=2. The proof uses the connection with block Toeplitz matrices, and with a certain Riemann surface of genus zero. We also obtain strong asymptotics and an exact Widom-type formula for functions of the second kind of the Nikishin system for {l_brace}P{sub n}{r_brace}{sub n=0}{sup {infinity}}. Bibliography: 27 titles.« less

Tensor products of U{sub q}{sup Prime }sl-caret(2)-modules and the big q{sup 2}-Jacobi function transform

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gade, R. M.

2013-01-15

Four tensor products of evaluation modules of the quantum affine algebra U{sub q}{sup Prime }sl-caret(2) obtained from the negative and positive series, the complementary and the strange series representations are investigated. Linear operators R(z) satisfying the intertwining property on finite linear combinations of the canonical basis elements of the tensor products are described in terms of two sets of infinite sums {l_brace}{tau}{sup (r,t)}{r_brace}{sub r,t Element-Of Z{sub {>=}{sub 0}}} and {l_brace}{tau}{sup (r,t)}{r_brace}{sub r,t Element-Of Z{sub {>=}{sub 0}}} involving big q{sup 2}-Jacobi functions or related nonterminating basic hypergeometric series. Inhomogeneous recurrence relations can be derived for both sets. Evaluations of the simplestmore » sums provide the corresponding initial conditions. For the first set of sums the relations entail a big q{sup 2}-Jacobi function transform pair. An integral decomposition is obtained for the sum {tau}{sup (r,t)}. A partial description of the relation between the decompositions of the tensor products with respect to U{sub q}sl(2) or with respect to its complement in U{sub q}{sup Prime }sl-caret(2) can be formulated in terms of Askey-Wilson function transforms. For a particular combination of two tensor products, the occurrence of proper U{sub q}{sup Prime }sl-caret(2)-submodules is discussed.« less

The effect of taping versus semi-rigid bracing on patient outcome and satisfaction in ankle sprains: a prospective, randomized controlled trial

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Functional treatment is a widely used and generally accepted treatment for ankle sprain. A meta-analysis comparing the different functional treatment options could not make definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness, and until now, little was known about patient satisfaction in relation to the outcome. Methods Patients with acute ankle sprain received rest, ice, compression and elevation with an compressive bandage at the emergency department. After 5-7 days, 100 patients with grade II and III sprains were randomized into two groups: one group was treated with tape and the other with a semi-rigid ankle brace, both for 4 weeks. Post-injury physical and proprioceptive training was standardized. As primary outcome parameter patient satisfaction and skin complications were evaluated using a predefined questionnaire and numeric rating scale. As secondary outcome parameter the ankle joint function was assessed using the Karlsson scoring scale and range of motion. Results Patient-reported comfort and satisfaction during treatment with a semi-rigid brace was significantly increased. The rate of skin complication in this group was significantly lower compared to the tape group (14.6% versus 59.1%, P < 0.0001). Functional outcome of the ankle joint was similar between the two treatment groups, as well as reported pain. Conclusion Treatment of acute ankle sprain with semi-rigid brace leads to significantly higher patient comfort and satisfaction, both with similar good outcome. PMID:22639864

Soft-plastic brace for lower limb fractures in patients with spinal cord injury.

PubMed

Uehara, K; Akai, M; Kubo, T; Yamasaki, N; Okuma, Y; Tobimatsu, Y; Iwaya, T

2013-04-01

Retrospective study at a rehabilitation center. Patients with spinal cord injury, even if they are wheelchair users, sometimes suffer from fractures of the lower limb bones. As their bones are too weak to have surgery, and because a precise reduction is not required for restoration, such patients are often indicated for conservative treatment. This case series study investigated the use of a hinged, soft-plastic brace as a conservative approach to treating fractures of the lower extremities of patients with spinal cord injury. National Rehabilitation Center, Japan. Fifteen patients (male, n=10; female, n=5; average age, 52.7 years) with 19 fractures of the femur or the tibia who were treated with a newly-developed hinged, soft-plastic brace were studied. All of them used wheelchairs. We analyzed the time taken for fracture union and for wearing orthotics, degree of malalignment, femorotibial angle and side effects. The fractures in this series were caused by relatively low-energy impact. The average time taken for fracture union was 80.1 (37-189) days, and the average amount of time spent wearing orthotics was 77.9 (42-197) days. On final X-ray imaging, the average femorotibial angle was 176.9° (s.d. ±8.90), and 15° of misalignment in the sagittal plane occurred in one patient. A hinged, soft-plastic brace is a useful option as a conservative approach for treating fractures of the lower extremities in patients with spinal cord injury.

Medial Patella Subluxation: Diagnosis and Treatment

PubMed Central

McCarthy, Mark A.; Bollier, Mathew J.

2015-01-01

Medial patella subluxation is a disabling condition typically associated with previous patellofemoral instability surgery. Patients often describe achy pain with painful popping episodes. They often report that the patella shifts laterally, which occurs as the medial subluxed patella dramatically shifts into the trochlear groove during early knee flexion. Physical examination is diagnostic with a positive medial subluxation test. Nonoperative treatment, such as focused physical therapy and patellofemoral stabilizing brace, is often unsuccessful. Primary surgical options include lateral retinacular repair/imbrication or lateral reconstruction. Prevention is key to avoid medial patella subluxation. When considering patellofemoral surgery, important factors include appropriate lateral release indications, consideration of lateral retinacular lengthening vs release, correct MPFL graft placement and tension, and avoiding excessive medialization during tubercle transfer. This review article will analyze patient symptoms, diagnostic exam findings and appropriate treatment options, as well as pearls to avoid this painful clinical entity. PMID:26361441

Nineteenth century exercise clinics for the treatment of scoliosis.

PubMed

Elsaesser, S; Butler, A R

2014-01-01

Scoliosis is the abnormal lateral curvature and rotation of the spine. In the past this deformity has been linked with moral depravity, as in the case of Richard III. Treatment for scoliosis began with Hippocrates's use of boards and axial distortion. Today, bracing and surgery are used either to correct the deformity or to prevent further progression. In the past, however, exercise regimens have been used in the belief that strengthening back muscles would reduce curvature progression. This approach was pioneered by Per Henrik Ling in the early nineteenth century and was continued by his followers Mathius Roth and Franz Berwald and, most notably, by Gustav Zander. Even today a few clinics, particularly in Eastern Europe, still use exercise in the treatment of scoliosis. Whether it is effective remains debatable, but even if progression is not prevented the patient's general health will benefit from an exercise regimen.

High temperature support apparatus and method of use for casting materials

DOEpatents

Clark, Roger F; Cliber, James A; Stoddard, Nathan G; Gerber, Jesse I; Roberts, Raymond J; Wilmerton, Mark A

2015-02-10

This invention relates to a system and a method of use for large ceramic member support and manipulation at elevated temperatures in non-oxidizing atmospheres, such as using carbon-carbon composite materials for producing high purity silicon in the manufacture of solar modules. The high temperature apparatus of this invention includes one or more support ribs, one or more cross braces in combination with the one or more support ribs, and a shaped support liner positionable upon the one or more support ribs and the one or more cross braces.

19. 'Transverse Bracing, 3 180'61/2' c. to c. End ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. 'Transverse Bracing, 3 - 180'-6-1/2' c. to c. End Pins Sing. Tr. Thro' Spans, C.O. 839 10th Crossing Sacramento River, C.O. 840 11th Crossing Sacramento River, C.O. 841 13th Crossing Sacramento River, Sacramento Division, So. Pac. Co., The Phoenix Bridge Co., C.O's. 839, 840 & 841, Drawing #4, Eng'r - C. Scheidl, Draftsman - B. Heald, Scale 1' = 1'-0', April 13th 1901.' - Southern Pacific Railroad Shasta Route, Bridge No. 310.58, Milepost 310.58, Sims, Shasta County, CA

TIME DELAY AND ACCRETION DISK SIZE MEASUREMENTS IN THE LENSED QUASAR SBS 0909+532 FROM MULTIWAVELENGTH MICROLENSING ANALYSIS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hainline, Laura J.; Morgan, Christopher W.; MacLeod, Chelsea L.

2013-09-01

We present three complete seasons and two half-seasons of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) r-band photometry of the gravitationally lensed quasar SBS 0909+532 from the U.S. Naval Observatory, as well as two seasons each of SDSS g-band and r-band monitoring from the Liverpool Robotic Telescope. Using Monte Carlo simulations to simultaneously measure the system's time delay and model the r-band microlensing variability, we confirm and significantly refine the precision of the system's time delay to {Delta}t{sub AB} = 50{sub -4}{sup +2} days, where the stated uncertainties represent the bounds of the formal 1{sigma} confidence interval. There may be a conflictmore » between the time delay measurement and a lens consisting of a single galaxy. While models based on the Hubble Space Telescope astrometry and a relatively compact stellar distribution can reproduce the observed delay, the models have somewhat less dark matter than we would typically expect. We also carry out a joint analysis of the microlensing variability in the r and g bands to constrain the size of the quasar's continuum source at these wavelengths, obtaining log {l_brace}(r{sub s,r}/cm)[cos i/0.5]{sup 1/2}{r_brace} = 15.3 {+-} 0.3 and log {l_brace}(r{sub s,g}/cm)[cos i/0.5]{sup 1/2}{r_brace} = 14.8 {+-} 0.9, respectively. Our current results do not formally constrain the temperature profile of the accretion disk but are consistent with the expectations of standard thin disk theory.« less

Modeling of a viscoelastic damper and its application in structural control.

PubMed

Mehrabi, M H; Suhatril, Meldi; Ibrahim, Zainah; Ghodsi, S S; Khatibi, Hamed

2017-01-01

Conventional seismic rehabilitation methods may not be suitable for some buildings owing to their high cost and time-consuming foundation work. In recent years, viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) have been widely used in many mid- and high-rise buildings. This study introduces a viscoelastic passive control system called rotary rubber braced damper (RRBD). The RRBD is an economical, lightweight, and easy-to-assemble device. A finite element model considering nonlinearity, large deformation, and material damage is developed to conduct a parametric study on different damper sizes under pushover cyclic loading. The fundamental characteristics of this VED system are clarified by analyzing building structures under cyclic loading. The result show excellent energy absorption and stable hysteresis loops in all specimens. Additionally, by using a sinusoidal shaking table test, the effectiveness of the RRBD to manage the response displacement and acceleration of steel frames is considered. The RRBD functioned at early stages of lateral displacement, indicating that the system is effective for all levels of vibration. Moreover, the proposed damper shows significantly better performance in terms of the column compression force resulting from the brace action compared to chevron bracing (CB).

Designing Serious Games for Safety Education: "Learn to Brace" versus Traditional Pictorials for Aircraft Passengers.

PubMed

Chittaro, Luca

2016-05-01

Serious games for safety education (SGSE) are a novel tool for preparing people to prevent and\\or handle risky situations. Although several SGSE have been developed, design and evaluation methods for SGSE need to be better grounded in and guided by safety-relevant psychological theories. In particular, this paper focuses on threat appeals and the assessment of variables, such as safety locus of control, that influence human behavior in real risky situations. It illustrates how we took into account such models in the design and evaluation of "Learn to Brace", a first-of-its-kind serious game that deals with a major problem in aviation safety, i.e. the scarce effectiveness of the safety cards used by airlines. The study considered a sample of 48 users: half of them received instructions about the brace position through the serious game, the other half through a traditional safety card pictorial. Results showed that the serious game was much more effective than the traditional instructions both in terms of learning and of changing safety-relevant perceptions, especially safety locus of control and recommendation perception.